research projects in political science

Methodologies To Select Political Science Project Topics

Table of Contents

When selecting political science project topics, researchers can employ various methodologies to ensure their projects are relevant, feasible, and ethically sound. Here are some key methodologies:

Literature Review: Conduct a comprehensive review of existing literature in political science to identify gaps, debates, and emerging trends. This helps researchers understand the current state of knowledge and locate areas for potential research.
Stakeholder Analysis: Identify key stakeholders in the field of political science, including policymakers, academics, activists, and community members. Engage with these stakeholders to understand their priorities, concerns, and research needs, which can inform the selection of project topics.
Problem Identification: Identify pressing political issues, challenges, or controversies that require further investigation and analysis. This may involve monitoring current events, policy debates, and societal trends to identify topics that are relevant and timely.
Research Design: Develop a clear research design that outlines the objectives, scope, and methodology of the project. Consider the feasibility of different research methods, such as qualitative interviews, surveys, experiments, or archival research, and select methods that are appropriate for the research questions and objectives.
Pilot Studies: Conduct pilot studies or feasibility assessments to test research methodologies, gather preliminary data, and identify potential challenges or limitations. This helps researchers refine their research design and ensure that their project is viable before committing to a full-scale study.
Ethical Considerations: Consider ethical considerations such as informed consent, privacy, and confidentiality when selecting project topics. Ensure that research projects adhere to ethical guidelines and protect the rights and well-being of participants.

By employing these methodologies, researchers can select political science project topics that are relevant, feasible, and ethically sound, ultimately contributing to the advancement of knowledge in the field of political science.

International Relations

The role of international organizations in global governance.
Conflict resolution mechanisms: Case studies of successful peace processes.
Nuclear proliferation and arms control regimes.
Humanitarian intervention: Ethics and effectiveness.
Environmental diplomacy: International cooperation on climate change.
The impact of globalization on state sovereignty.
Regional integration and the European Union: Lessons for other regions.
Cybersecurity and international relations: Threats and responses.
Soft power diplomacy: Cultural diplomacy and public diplomacy strategies.
Diaspora politics: The influence of diaspora communities on foreign policy.

Political Theory

The concept of justice in political philosophy.
Democracy and its critics: Authoritarianism, populism, and elitism.
Political liberalism vs. communitarianism: Balancing individual rights and community values.
Feminist political theory: Gender, power, and social justice.
Postcolonialism and decolonial perspectives in political theory.
Environmental ethics and political theory: The rights of nature.
The ethics of global distributive justice.
Theories of revolution and political change.
Cosmopolitanism vs. nationalism: Debates on global citizenship.
Postmodernism and the challenge to traditional political theory.

Globalization and Development

The impact of globalization on economic inequality.
Development aid and foreign assistance: Effectiveness and accountability.
Trade liberalization and economic development: Winners and losers.
Global health governance: Challenges and opportunities.
Migration and development: Brain drain vs. brain gain.
Sustainable development goals (SDGs) and global governance.
Technology transfer and innovation for development.
Corruption and development: Causes, consequences, and remedies.
Human rights and development: The role of international organizations.
Social movements and development: Grassroots activism and political change.

Public Policy and Governance

Policy responses to climate change: Carbon pricing, renewable energy, and adaptation strategies.
Healthcare reform: Universal healthcare vs. privatization.
Education policy: Access, equity, and quality.
Welfare state reforms: Austerity measures and social protection.
Criminal justice reform: Alternatives to incarceration and restorative justice.
Immigration policy: Border security, asylum, and refugee resettlement.
Internet governance: Privacy, censorship, and digital rights.
Urban planning and sustainable cities: Smart growth, public transportation, and affordable housing.
Environmental policy: Biodiversity conservation, pollution control, and sustainable resource management.
Energy policy: Renewable energy transition, energy security, and energy poverty.

Identity Politics and Social Movements

Ethnic conflict and reconciliation: Truth commissions, peacebuilding, and transitional justice.
Gender politics and women’s rights movements: Intersectionality, reproductive rights, and political representation.
LGBTQ+ rights and activism: Marriage equality, anti-discrimination laws, and LGBTQ+ visibility.
Indigenous politics and sovereignty movements: Land rights, cultural preservation, and self-determination.
Disability rights and accessibility: Inclusive policies and social integration.
Youth activism and political engagement: Student movements, youth-led protests, and social media mobilization.
Environmental justice movements: Indigenous environmentalism, climate justice, and eco-feminism.
Labor movements and workers’ rights: Union organizing, collective bargaining, and fair wages.
Anti-racism and anti-fascism movements: Countering hate speech, xenophobia, and white supremacy.
Religious freedom and secularism: Separation of church and state, religious pluralism, and blasphemy laws.

Security Studies

National security strategy and military doctrine: Deterrence, defense, and preemptive strikes.
Terrorism and counterterrorism: Radicalization, recruitment tactics, and intelligence gathering.
Cybersecurity threats and defenses: Hacking, cyber espionage, and critical infrastructure protection.
Nuclear deterrence theory: Mutually assured destruction (MAD) vs. limited nuclear war.
Non-state actors in security: Private military contractors, militias, and terrorist organizations.
Human security: Protection from violence, food insecurity, and environmental hazards.
Arms control and disarmament agreements: Treaty compliance, verification mechanisms, and arms races.
Intelligence analysis and decision-making: Risk assessment, threat evaluation, and strategic forecasting.
Peacekeeping operations and conflict resolution: United Nations missions, peacebuilding efforts, and peace negotiations.
Maritime security challenges: Piracy, illegal fishing, and territorial disputes.

Media and Politics

Political communication strategies: Spin doctoring, propaganda, and framing techniques.
Media bias and agenda-setting: The role of journalism in shaping public opinion.
Social media and political mobilization: Hashtag activism, online communities, and digital advocacy.
Fake news and disinformation campaigns: Misinformation, echo chambers, and filter bubbles.
Media ownership and concentration: Corporate consolidation, media monopolies, and editorial independence.
Public opinion polls and survey research: Sampling methods, questionnaire design, and data analysis.
Political advertising and campaign finance: Dark money, Super PACs, and campaign finance reform.
Media literacy and digital citizenship: Critical thinking skills, fact-checking, and media literacy education.
Celebrity politics and political endorsements: The influence of celebrities on public opinion and electoral outcomes.
Government censorship and press freedom: Press laws, libel laws, and whistleblower protection.

Political Economy

Economic globalization and income inequality: Winners and losers in the global economy.
Neoliberalism and austerity policies: Privatization, deregulation, and fiscal retrenchment.
Economic sanctions and trade wars: Coercive diplomacy, economic statecraft, and retaliatory measures.
Taxation policies and fiscal reforms: Progressive taxation, tax loopholes, and tax evasion.
Monetary policy and central banking: Interest rates, inflation targeting, and quantitative easing.
Economic development strategies: Import substitution vs. export-led growth.
Financial regulation and systemic risk: Too big to fail, shadow banking, and derivatives trading.
Labor market reforms and unemployment: Flexibility vs. job security.
Globalization and environmental degradation: Ecological footprints, carbon emissions, and ecological debt.
Economic nationalism and protectionism: Tariffs, trade barriers, and import substitution.

Political Psychology

Political socialization and civic education: Political attitudes, values, and behaviors.
Leadership psychology and political charisma: Personality traits, leadership styles, and public perception.
Group dynamics and political polarization: In-group bias, out-group hostility, and echo chambers.
Voter decision-making processes: Rational choice theory, heuristics, and cognitive biases.
Political identity formation: Party identification, ideological self-placement, and social identity theory.
Authoritarianism and political intolerance: Authoritarian personality traits, authoritarianism scale, and authoritarian populism.
Fear appeals and political persuasion: Fear mongering, threat perception, and message framing.
Emotion regulation and political behavior: Emotional intelligence, emotional contagion, and emotional labor.
Moral psychology and political ethics: Moral foundations theory , ethical dilemmas, and moral reasoning.
Social psychology of protest movements: Collective identity, group dynamics, and mobilization strategies.

Political science project topics encompass a diverse range of themes, from traditional subjects like comparative politics and international relations to emerging areas such as data-driven political analysis and identity politics.

By exploring these topics and employing rigorous methodologies, researchers can deepen our understanding of political phenomena, inform policy making, and contribute to positive social change.

As the field of political science continues to evolve, there is boundless potential for innovative research that addresses pressing challenges and advances knowledge in the pursuit of a more just and equitable world.

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Research Topics & Ideas: Politics

100+ Politics-Related Research Ideas To Fast-Track Your Project

Political science research topics and ideas

Finding and choosing a strong research topic is the critical first step when it comes to crafting a high-quality dissertation or thesis. If you’ve landed on this post, chances are you’re looking for a politics-related research topic , but aren’t sure where to start. Here, we’ll explore a variety of politically-related research ideas across a range of disciplines, including political theory and philosophy, comparative politics, international relations, public administration and policy.

NB – This is just the start…

The topic ideation and evaluation process has multiple steps . In this post, we’ll kickstart the process by sharing some research topic ideas. This is the starting point, but to develop a well-defined research topic, you’ll need to identify a clear and convincing research gap , along with a well-justified plan of action to fill that gap.

If you’re new to the oftentimes perplexing world of research, or if this is your first time undertaking a formal academic research project, be sure to check out our free dissertation mini-course. Also, be sure to sign up for our free webinar that explores how to find a high-quality research topic from scratch.

Overview: Politics-Related Topics

Political theory and philosophy
Comparative politics
International relations
Public administration
Public policy
Examples of politics-related dissertations

Topics & Ideas: Political Theory

An analysis of the impact of feminism on political theory and the concept of citizenship in Saudi Arabia in the context of Vision 2030
A comparative study of the political philosophies of Marxism and liberalism and their influence on modern politics
An examination of how the Covid-19 pandemic affected the relationship between individual freedom and collective responsibility in political philosophy
A study of the impact of race and ethnicity on French political philosophy and the concept of justice
An exploration of the role of religion in political theory and its impact on secular democracy in the Middle East
A Review of Social contract theory, comparative analysis of the political philosophies of Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau
A study of the concept of the common good in political philosophy and its relevance to the ongoing refugee crisis in Europe
An examination of the relationship between political power and the rule of law in developing African countries
A study of the impact of postmodernism on political theory and the concept of truth, a case study of the US
An exploration of the role of virtue in political philosophy and its impact on the assessment of moral character in political leaders

Topics & Ideas: Comparative Politics

A comparative study of different models of federalism and their impact on democratic governance: A case Study of South American federalist states
The impact of ethnic and religious diversity on political stability and democracy in developing countries, a review of literature from Africa
An analysis of the role of civil society in promoting democratic change in autocratic regimes: A case study in Sweden
A comparative examination of the impact of globalization on political institutions and processes in South America and Africa.
A study of the factors that contribute to successful democratization in authoritarian regimes, a review of the role of Elite-driven democratization
A comparison of the political and economic systems of China and India and their impact on social development
The impact of corruption on political institutions and democracy in South East Asia, a critical review
A comparative examination of the impact of majoritarian representation (winner-take-all) vs proportional representation on political representation and governance
An exploration of Multi-party systems in democratic countries and their impact on minority representation and policy-making.
A study of the factors that contribute to successful decentralization and regional autonomy, a case study of Spain

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Topics & Ideas: International Relations

A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of diplomacy and military force in resolving international conflicts in Central Africa.
The impact of globalization on the sovereignty of nation-states and the changing nature of international politics, a review of the role of Multinational Corporations
An examination of the role of international aid organizations in promoting peace, security, and development in the Middle East.
A study of the impact of economic interdependence on the likelihood of conflict in international relations: A critical review of weaponized interdependence
A comparative analysis of the foreign policies of the EU and the US and their impact on international stability in Africa
An exploration of the relationship between international human rights and national sovereignty during the Covid 19 pandemic
A study of the role of decentralized autonomous organizations (DAO)s in international politics and their impact on state behaviour
A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of international regimes in addressing global challenges such as climate change, arms control, and terrorism in Brazil
An examination of the impact of the rise of BRICS on the international system and global governance
A study of the role of ideology in shaping the foreign policies of states and the dynamics of international relations in the US

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Tops & Ideas: Public Administration

An analysis of the impact of digital technology on public administration and the delivery of public services in Estonia
A review of models of public-private partnerships and their impact on the delivery of public services in Ghana
An examination of the role of civil society organizations in monitoring and accountability of public administration in Papua New Guinea
A study of the impact of environmentalism as a political ideology on public administration and policy implementation in Germany
An exploration of the relationship between public administration and citizen engagement in the policy-making process, an exploration of gender identity concerns in schools
A comparative analysis of the efficiency and effectiveness of public administration, decentralisation and pay and employment reform in developing countries
A study of the role of collaborative leadership in public administration and its impact on organizational performance
A systematic review of the challenges and opportunities related to diversity and inclusion in police services
A study of the impact of corrupt public administration on economic development and regional growth in Eastern Europe
An exploration of the relationship between public administration and civil rights and liberties, including issues related to privacy and surveillance, a case study in South Korea

Topics & Ideas: Public Policy

An analysis of the impacts of public policy on income inequality and poverty reduction in South Sudan
A comparative study of the effectiveness of legal and regulatory, economic and financial, and social and cultural instruments for addressing climate change in South Korea
An examination of the role of interest groups in shaping public policy and the policy-making process regarding land-use claims
A study of the impact of globalization on the development of public policies and programs for mitigating climate change in Singapore
An exploration of the relationship between public policy and social justice in tertiary education in the UAE
A comparative analysis of the impact of health policies for the management of diabetes on access to healthcare and health outcomes in developing countries
Exploring the role of evidence-based policymaking in the design and implementation of public policies for the management of invasive invertebrates in Australia
An examination of the challenges and opportunities of implementing educational dietary public policies in developing multicultural countries
A study of the impact of public policies on urbanization and urban development in rural Indonesia
An exploration of the role of media and public opinion in shaping public policy and the policy-making process in the transport industry of Malaysia

Examples: Politics Dissertations & Theses

While the ideas we’ve presented above are a decent starting point for finding a politics-related research topic, they are fairly generic and non-specific. So, it helps to look at actual dissertations and theses to see how this all comes together.

Below, we’ve included a selection of research projects from various politics-related degree programs to help refine your thinking. These are actual dissertations and theses, written as part of Master’s and PhD-level programs, so they can provide some useful insight as to what a research topic looks like in practice.

We, the Righteous Few: Immoral Actions of Fellow Partisans are Judged as Less Possible (Varnam, 2020)
Civilizing the State: Civil Society and the Politics of Primary Public Health Care Provision in Urban Brazil (Gibson, 2012)
Political regimes and minority language policies: evidence from Taiwan and southeast Asia (Wu, 2021)
The Feminist Third Wave: Social Reproduction, Feminism as Class Struggle, and Contemporary Women’s Movements (Angulo, 2019)
The Politics of Immigration under Authoritarianism (Joo, 2019)
The politics of digital platforms: Sour Dictionary, activist subjectivities, and contemporary cultures of resistance (Okten, 2019)
Vote choice and support for diverse candidates on the Boston City Council At-Large (Dolcimascolo, 2022)
The city agenda: local governance and national influence in the policy agenda, 1900-2020 (Shannon, 2022)
Turf wars: who supported measures to criminalize homelessness in Austin, Texas? (Bompiedi, 2021)
Do BITs Cause Opposition Between Investor Rights and Environmental Protection? (Xiong, 2022)
Revealed corruption and electoral accountability in Brazil: How politicians anticipate voting behavior (Diaz, 2021)
Intersectional Solidarity: The Political Consequences of a Consciousness of Race, Gender and Sexuality (Crowder, 2020)
The Congressional Hispanic Caucus and the Coalitional Representation of Latinxs in the U.S. House of Representatives (Munoz, 2019)

Looking at these titles, you can probably pick up that the research topics here are quite specific and narrowly-focused , compared to the generic ones presented earlier. In other words, to create a top-notch research topic, you must be precise and target a specific context with specific variables of interest . In other words, you need to identify a clear, well-justified research gap.

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If you’re still feeling a bit unsure about how to find a research topic for your dissertation or research project, check out our Topic Kickstarter service below.

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Political Science Research Paper Topics

800 Political Science Research Paper Topics

Political science is a dynamic field that offers a multitude of avenues for exploration and inquiry. Whether you are passionate about the intricacies of American politics, fascinated by global affairs, or interested in the intersection of politics with social issues, there’s a wealth of research opportunities awaiting you. This comprehensive list of political science research paper topics has been meticulously curated to help students like you find inspiration and direction for your academic endeavors. Spanning various categories, these topics encompass both foundational principles and contemporary issues, ensuring a diverse range of subjects for your research. As you navigate this extensive collection, let your intellectual curiosity guide you towards a research topic that resonates with your interests and academic goals.

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African Politics

The Role of Youth Movements in African Politics
Assessing the Impact of Neocolonialism on African Nations
Conflict Resolution Strategies in African States
Corruption and Governance Challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa
Women’s Participation in African Political Leadership
Comparative Analysis of Post-Colonial African Constitutions
Environmental Policies and Sustainability in African Governments
The African Union’s Role in Regional Stability
Ethnic Conflict and Politics in East Africa
Human Rights Violations and Accountability in African Nations
The Influence of International Aid on African Politics
Media Censorship and Press Freedom in African Nations
Ethnicity and Identity Politics in West Africa
Healthcare Access and Quality in African Countries
Indigenous Governance and Rights in African Societies
Political Economy and Resource Allocation in Oil-Producing Nations
The Impact of Globalization on African Economies
The Legacy of Apartheid in South African Politics
The African Diaspora’s Influence on Homeland Politics
Environmental Conservation and Natural Resource Management in Africa

American Politics

The Role of Third Parties in American Elections
Analyzing the Influence of Lobbying on U.S. Policy
The Impact of Social Media on Political Campaigns
Immigration Policies and the American Dream
Gerrymandering and Its Effects on Electoral Outcomes
The Role of the Electoral College in Presidential Elections
Gun Control and Second Amendment Debates
Healthcare Policy and Access in the United States
Partisanship and Polarization in American Politics
The History and Future of American Democracy
Supreme Court Decisions and Their Political Implications
Environmental Policies and Climate Change in the U.S.
Media Bias and Political Discourse in America
Political Conventions and Their Significance
The Role of Super PACs in Campaign Financing
Civil Rights Movements and Their Impact on U.S. Politics
Trade Policy and Global Economic Relations
National Security and Counterterrorism Strategies
Populism and Its Influence on American Politics
Electoral Reform and Voting Rights in the United States

Asian Politics

China’s Belt and Road Initiative and Global Politics
Democracy Movements in Hong Kong and Taiwan
India’s Foreign Policy and Regional Influence
The North Korea Nuclear Crisis
Environmental Challenges in Southeast Asian Nations
Ethnic Conflict and Identity Politics in South Asia
Economic Growth and Inequality in East Asian Countries
ASEAN’s Role in Regional Security
Japan’s Approach to Pacifism and Defense
Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare in Asia
Religious Extremism and Political Stability in the Middle East
China-India Border Dispute and Geopolitical Implications
South China Sea Disputes and Maritime Politics
The Rohingya Crisis and Humanitarian Interventions
Political Reform and Authoritarianism in Central Asia
Technological Advancements and Political Change in Asia
The Belt and Road Initiative and Its Impact on Asian Economies
Environmental Conservation Efforts in Asian Nations
Geopolitical Rivalries in the Indo-Pacific Region
Media Censorship and Freedom of Expression in Asia
Comparative Politics
Comparative Analysis of Political Regimes: Democracies vs. Authoritarian States
Theories of State Formation and Governance
Electoral Systems Around the World
Social Welfare Policies in Western and Non-Western Societies
The Role of Civil Society in Political Change
Political Parties and Their Impact on Governance
Analyzing Political Culture in Diverse Societies
Case Studies in Conflict Resolution and Peacebuilding
Federal vs. Unitary Systems of Government
Gender and Political Representation Across Countries
Immigration Policies and Integration Strategies
Indigenous Rights and Self-Determination Movements
Environmental Policies and Sustainability Practices
Populist Movements in Contemporary Politics
The Impact of Globalization on National Identities
Human Rights Violations and Accountability Mechanisms
Comparative Analysis of Welfare States
Ethnic Conflict and Power Sharing Agreements
Religious Diversity and Its Political Implications
Social Movements and Political Change Across Regions
Constitutions and Constitutionalism
The Evolution of Constitutional Law: Historical Perspectives
Judicial Review and Constitutional Interpretation
Federalism and State Powers in Constitutional Design
Comparative Analysis of National Constitutions
Human Rights Provisions in Modern Constitutions
Constitutional Amendments and Reform Efforts
Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances
Constitutional Design in Post-Conflict Societies
Constitutionalism and Indigenous Rights
Challenges to Constitutional Democracy in the 21st Century
Constitutions and Cultural Pluralism
Environmental Provisions in Constitutions
The Role of Constitutional Courts in Political Systems
Social and Economic Rights in Constitutions
Constitutionalism and the Rule of Law
The Impact of Technological Advancements on Constitutional Governance
Constitutional Protections for Minority Rights
Constitutional Referendums and Public Participation
Constitutional Provisions for Emergency Powers
Gender Equality Clauses in National Constitutions
Democracy and Democratization
The Role of Civil Society in Democratization
Democratic Backsliding: Causes and Consequences
Comparative Analysis of Electoral Systems and Democracy
The Impact of Media on Political Awareness and Democracy
Political Parties and Their Role in Democratic Governance
Women’s Political Participation and Representation in Democracies
Democratic Transitions in Post-Authoritarian States
Youth Movements and Their Influence on Democratization
Populism and Its Effect on Democratic Norms
Comparative Analysis of Direct vs. Representative Democracy
Democratization and Economic Development
Indigenous Peoples’ Rights and Democratization
The Role of International Organizations in Promoting Democracy
Religious Diversity and Democracy in Multiethnic Societies
The Challenges of Democratic Consolidation
Media Freedom and Democratization in the Digital Age
Human Rights and Democratic Governance
Democratization and Conflict Resolution in Divided Societies
Civil-Military Relations in Emerging Democracies
Assessing the Quality of Democracy in Different Countries

Political Corruption

The Impact of Corruption on Political Stability
Corruption and Economic Development: A Comparative Analysis
Anti-Corruption Measures and Their Effectiveness
Corruption in Public Procurement and Government Contracts
Political Scandals and Their Influence on Public Opinion
The Role of Whistleblowers in Exposing Political Corruption
Corruption and Its Impact on Foreign Aid and Investments
Political Patronage and Nepotism in Government
Transparency and Accountability Mechanisms
Corruption and Environmental Exploitation
Cultural Factors and Perceptions of Corruption
Corruption in Law Enforcement and the Judiciary
The Role of Media in Investigating Political Corruption
Corruption and Political Party Financing
Comparative Analysis of Corruption Levels in Different Countries
Ethnicity and Corruption: Case Studies
Political Corruption in Post-Conflict Societies
Gender, Power, and Corruption
Corruption and Human Rights Violations
Strategies for Combating Political Corruption

European Politics

The European Union’s Role in Global Governance
Brexit and Its Implications for European Politics
European Integration and Supranationalism
Euroscepticism and Anti-EU Movements
Immigration and European Identity
Populist Parties in European Elections
Environmental Policies in European Countries
The Eurozone Crisis and Economic Governance
EU Enlargement and Eastern European Politics
Human Rights and European Integration
Nationalism and Secession Movements in Europe
Security Challenges in the Baltic States
EU-US Relations and Transatlantic Cooperation
Energy Policies and Dependency on Russian Gas
The Common Agricultural Policy and Farming in Europe
European Social Welfare Models and Inequality
The Schengen Agreement and Border Control
The Rise of Far-Right Movements in Western Europe
EU Environmental Regulations and Sustainability
The Role of the European Court of Justice in Shaping European Politics
Comparative Analysis of Federal Systems
Fiscal Federalism and Taxation in Federal States
Federalism and Ethnic Conflict Resolution
The Role of Governors in Federal Systems
Intergovernmental Relations in Federal Countries
Federalism and Healthcare Policy
Environmental Federalism and Conservation Efforts
Federalism and Immigration Policies
Indigenous Rights and Self-Government in Federal States
Federalism and Education Policy
The Role of Regional Parties in Federal Politics
Federalism and Disaster Response
Energy Policy and Federal-State Relations
Federalism and Criminal Justice Reform
Local Autonomy and Decentralization in Federal Systems
The Impact of Federal Systems on Economic Development
Constitutional Reform and Changes in Federalism
Federalism and Social Welfare Programs
The European Model of Federalism
Comparative Analysis of Dual and Cooperative Federalism
Foreign Policy
Diplomatic Strategies in International Relations
The Influence of Public Opinion on Foreign Policy
Economic Diplomacy and Trade Negotiations
The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in Foreign Policy
Conflict Resolution and Peacekeeping Efforts
International Human Rights Advocacy and Foreign Policy
Soft Power and Cultural Diplomacy
Nuclear Proliferation and Arms Control
Cybersecurity and Foreign Policy Challenges
Climate Diplomacy and Global Environmental Agreements
Refugee and Migration Policies in International Relations
The Impact of International Organizations on Foreign Policy
Energy Security and Geopolitical Strategies
Regional Alliances and Security Agreements
Terrorism and Counterterrorism Strategies
Humanitarian Interventions and Responsibility to Protect
The Role of Intelligence Agencies in Foreign Policy
Economic Sanctions and Their Effectiveness
Foreign Aid and Development Assistance
International Law and Treaty Negotiations
Gender and Politics
Gender Representation in Political Leadership
The Impact of Women’s Movements on Gender Policy
Gender-Based Violence and Political Responses
Intersectionality and Identity Politics in Gender Advocacy
Gender Mainstreaming in Government Policies
LGBTQ+ Rights and Political Movements
Women in Conflict Resolution and Peace Negotiations
The Gender Pay Gap and Labor Policies
Female Political Empowerment and Quotas
Masculinity Studies and Political Behavior
Gender and Environmental Justice
The Role of Men in Promoting Gender Equality
Gender Stereotypes and Political Campaigns
Reproductive Rights and Political Debates
Gender, Race, and Political Power
Feminist Foreign Policy and Global Women’s Rights
Gender and Healthcare Policy
Gender Disparities in Education Access
Gender, Technology, and Digital Divide
Patriarchy and Its Effects on Political Systems
Globalization and Politics
The Impact of Globalization on National Sovereignty
Trade Agreements and Their Political Implications
Globalization and Income Inequality
Environmental Policies in the Globalized World
Cultural Diversity in a Globalized Society
Globalization and Labor Movements
Global Health Governance and Pandemics
Migration and Political Responses to Globalization
Technology and Global Political Connectivity
Globalization and Political Populism
Human Rights in a Globalized Context
Globalization and the Spread of Political Ideas
Global Supply Chains and Political Vulnerabilities
Media and Information Flow in Global Politics
Globalization and Terrorism Networks
Transnational Corporations and Political Influence
Globalization and Political Identity
The Role of International Organizations in Managing Globalization
Globalization and Climate Change Politics
Globalization and Post-Pandemic Political Challenges
Political Ideologies
Liberalism and Its Contemporary Relevance
Conservatism in Modern Political Thought
Socialism and Its Variations in Different Countries
Fascism and the Rise of Far-Right Ideologies
Anarchism and Political Movements
Marxism and Its Influence on Political Theory
Environmentalism as a Political Ideology
Feminism and Its Political Manifestations
Populism as an Emerging Political Ideology
Nationalism and Its Role in Contemporary Politics
Multiculturalism and Political Pluralism
Postcolonialism and Its Impact on Global Politics
Postmodernism and Its Critique of Political Discourse
Religious Political Ideologies and Fundamentalism
Libertarianism and Minimalist Government
Technological Utopianism and Political Change
Eco-Socialism and Environmental Politics
Identity Politics and Intersectional Ideologies
Indigenous Political Thought and Movements
Futurism and Political Visions of Tomorrow

Checks and Balances

The Role of the Executive Branch in Checks and Balances
Congressional Oversight and Accountability
The Separation of Powers in Parliamentary Systems
Checks and Balances in Local Government
Media and Public Opinion as Checks on Government
Bureaucratic Agencies and Their Role in Oversight
The Balance of Power in Federal Systems
The Role of Political Parties in Checks and Balances
Checks and Balances in Authoritarian Regimes
The Role of Interest Groups in Government Oversight
The Influence of Lobbying on Checks and Balances
The Role of the Courts in Presidential Accountability
Checks and Balances in Times of National Crisis
The Use of Veto Power in Checks and Balances
Checks and Balances and the Protection of Civil Liberties
The Role of Whistleblowers in Exposing Government Misconduct
Checks and Balances and National Security Policies
The Evolution of Checks and Balances in Modern Democracies
Interest Groups and Lobbies
The Influence of Corporate Lobbying on Public Policy
Interest Groups and Campaign Finance in Politics
Advocacy Groups and Their Impact on Legislative Agendas
The Role of Unions in Interest Group Politics
Environmental Organizations and Lobbying Efforts
Identity-Based Interest Groups and Their Political Power
Health Advocacy Groups and Healthcare Policy
The Influence of Foreign Lobbying on U.S. Politics
Interest Groups and Regulatory Capture
Interest Groups in Comparative Politics
The Use of Social Media in Interest Group Campaigns
Gun Control Advocacy and Interest Group Dynamics
Religious Organizations and Political Lobbying
Interest Groups and Human Rights Advocacy
Farming and Agricultural Interest Groups
Interest Groups and Education Policy
LGBTQ+ Advocacy and Political Representation
Interest Groups and Criminal Justice Reform
Veterans’ Organizations and Their Political Clout
Interest Groups and Their Role in Shaping Public Opinion
International Relations
Theories of International Relations: Realism, Liberalism, Constructivism
Power Politics and International Security
The Role of Diplomacy in Conflict Resolution
Multilateralism vs. Unilateralism in International Relations
International Organizations and Their Influence on World Politics
Global Governance and Challenges to Sovereignty
Humanitarian Interventions and the Responsibility to Protect
Non-State Actors in International Relations
International Law and Its Application in Conflict Zones
Arms Control Agreements and Nuclear Proliferation
International Trade Agreements and Economic Diplomacy
International Environmental Agreements and Climate Change
Cybersecurity Threats in the Digital Age
Refugee Crises and Forced Migration on the Global Stage
Geopolitics of Energy Resources
Peacekeeping Operations and Conflict Prevention
Global Health Diplomacy and Pandemic Response
The Role of Intelligence Agencies in International Relations
The Changing Dynamics of U.S.-China Relations

International Security

Cybersecurity Threats and Global Security
Arms Control and Nuclear Non-Proliferation
Regional Conflict and Security Implications
Humanitarian Interventions and Security Dilemmas
Intelligence Sharing and National Security
Environmental Security and Resource Conflicts
Non-State Actors in Global Security
Maritime Security and Freedom of Navigation
The Role of International Organizations in Global Security
Military Alliances and Collective Defense
Space Security and Militarization of Outer Space
Cyber Warfare and State-Sponsored Hacking
Security Challenges in Post-Conflict Zones
Refugee Crises and Security Implications
Emerging Technologies and Security Risks
Energy Security and Geopolitical Tensions
Food Security and Global Agricultural Policies
Biological and Chemical Weapons Proliferation
Climate Change and Security Threats

Latin American Politics

Populism in Latin American Politics
Drug Trafficking and Security Challenges
Political Instability and Regime Changes
Indigenous Movements and Political Representation
Corruption Scandals and Governance Issues
Environmental Politics and Conservation Efforts
Social Movements and Protests in Latin America
Economic Inequality and Poverty Reduction Strategies
Human Rights Violations and Accountability
The Role of the United States in Latin American Politics
Regional Integration and Trade Agreements
Gender Equality and Women in Politics
Land Reform and Agrarian Policies
Indigenous Rights and Land Conflicts
Media Freedom and Political Discourse
Migration Patterns and Regional Impacts
Authoritarian Regimes and Democratic Backsliding
Drug Legalization Debates in Latin America
Religious Influence in Politics
Latin American Diplomacy and International Relations
Law and Courts
Judicial Independence and the Rule of Law
Constitutional Interpretation and Originalism
Supreme Court Decision-Making and Precedent
Legal Ethics and Professional Responsibility
Criminal Justice Reform and Sentencing Policies
Civil Rights Litigation and Legal Activism
International Law and Its Application in Domestic Courts
Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanisms
The Role of Judges in Shaping Public Policy
Access to Justice and Legal Aid Programs
Gender Bias in Legal Systems
Intellectual Property Rights and Legal Challenges
Immigration Law and Border Control
Environmental Law and Sustainability
Corporate Governance and Legal Compliance
Privacy Rights in the Digital Age
Family Law and Custody Disputes
Law and Technology: Legal Issues in AI and Robotics
Legal Education and Training of Lawyers
Legal Pluralism and Customary Law Systems
Legislative Studies
The Role of Legislative Bodies in Policy-Making
Parliamentary Systems vs. Presidential Systems
Legislative Oversight and Government Accountability
Party Politics and Legislative Behavior
Committee Structures and Decision-Making Processes
Electoral Systems and Their Impact on Legislation
Minority Rights and Representation in Legislatures
Lobbying and Interest Group Influence on Legislators
Legislative Ethics and Codes of Conduct
The Evolution of Legislative Bodies in Modern Democracies
Legislative Responses to Crises and Emergencies
Legislative Innovations and Reforms
Legislative Responsiveness to Public Opinion
Legislative Term Limits and Their Effects
Gender Parity in Legislative Representation
Legislative Coalitions and Majority Building
Legislative Role in Budgetary Processes
Legislative Oversight of Intelligence Agencies
Subnational Legislatures and Regional Autonomy
Comparative Analysis of Legislative Systems

Middle Eastern Politics

The Arab Spring and Political Transformations
Sectarianism and Conflict in the Middle East
Authoritarianism and Political Repression
The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict and Peace Efforts
Oil Politics and Resource-Driven Conflicts
Terrorism and Insurgency in the Middle East
Foreign Interventions and Proxy Wars
Human Rights Abuses and Accountability
Religious Politics and Extremism
Migration and Refugees in the Middle East
Women’s Rights and Gender Equality
Political Islam and Islamist Movements
Water Scarcity and Regional Tensions
Media and Censorship in Middle Eastern States
Kurdish Politics and Autonomy Movements
Sectarianism and Its Impact on State Structures
Economic Challenges and Youth Unemployment
Environmental Issues and Sustainability
Iran’s Role in Regional Politics
Middle Eastern Diplomacy and Global Relations

Nation and State

National Identity and Its Influence on Statehood
Secession Movements and the Question of Statehood
Stateless Nations and the Right to Self-Determination
State-Building in Post-Conflict Zones
Failed States and International Interventions
Ethnic Nationalism and Nation-Building
Federalism and Devolution of Powers
State Symbols and Nationalism
Nationalism and Economic Policies
Colonial Legacy and the Formation of Nations
Territorial Disputes and State Sovereignty
Ethnic Minorities and Their Political Rights
Globalization and the Erosion of Statehood
Nationalism in the Era of Transnationalism
Nationalist Movements and Regional Autonomy
The Role of Education in Shaping National Identity
National Symbols and Their Political Significance
Migration and Its Impact on National Identity
Cultural Diversity and Nation-Building Challenges
The Role of Language in Defining Nationhood

Political Behavior

Voter Turnout and Political Participation Rates
Political Socialization and Civic Engagement
Partisan Loyalty and Voting Behavior
Political Trust and Public Opinion
Political Apathy and Its Causes
Political Mobilization Strategies
Protest Movements and Activism
Electoral Behavior and Decision-Making
Political Communication and Information Sources
Political Social Networks and Online Activism
Political Behavior of Youth and Generational Differences
Political Behavior of Minority Groups
Gender and Political Participation
Social Media Influence on Political Behavior
Public Opinion Polling and Its Impact
Political Psychology and Behavioral Analysis
Political Behavior in Non-Democratic Systems
Voting Behavior in Swing States
Political Behavior in Times of Crisis
Political Behavior Research Methodologies

Political Change

Regime Change and Democratization
Revolution and Political Transformation
Transitional Justice and Post-Conflict Reconciliation
Political Leadership and Change Initiatives
Nonviolent Movements and Political Change
Social Movements and Policy Reforms
The Role of Technology in Political Change
Political Change in Authoritarian Regimes
Youth-Led Political Change Movements
Resistance Movements and Their Strategies
Cultural Movements and Political Change
Environmental Movements and Policy Impact
Economic Crisis and Political Change
International Influence on Political Change
Indigenous Movements and Political Empowerment
Women’s Movements and Gender-Driven Change
Grassroots Movements and Local Governance
The Impact of Global Events on Political Change
Political Change and Human Rights
Comparative Studies of Political Change

Political Communication

Media Influence on Political Attitudes
Political Advertising and Campaign Strategies
Political Rhetoric and Persuasion Techniques
Social Media and Political Discourse
Political Debates and Public Perception
Crisis Communication and Political Leadership
Media Ownership and Political Influence
Propaganda and Information Warfare
Fact-Checking and Media Accountability
News Framing and Agenda Setting
Political Satire and Public Opinion
Political Communication in Multicultural Societies
Crisis Communication and Government Response
Public Relations and Political Image Management
Political Talk Shows and Public Engagement
The Role of Polling in Political Communication
Speechwriting and Political Oratory
Media Literacy and Critical Thinking
Political Communication Ethics and Responsibility
Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Political Communication

Political Concepts

Democracy: Theories and Applications
Justice and Fairness in Political Systems
Power and Authority in Governance
Liberty and Individual Rights
Equality: Political, Social, and Economic Dimensions
Citizenship: Rights and Responsibilities
Sovereignty and the State
Representation and Political Legitimacy
Political Obligation and Consent
Rights vs. Welfare: A Philosophical Debate
The Common Good in Political Philosophy
Social Contract Theories and Political Order
Freedom of Speech and Political Discourse
Political Ideals and Utopian Visions
The Ethics of Political Decision-Making
Anarchy and Political Order
Nationalism and Patriotism as Political Concepts
Political Realism vs. Idealism
Human Dignity and Political Values
Multiculturalism and Cultural Diversity in Politics

Political Economy

Economic Policies and Political Decision-Making
The Impact of Global Trade Agreements on National Economies
Income Inequality and Political Consequences
Taxation Policies and Political Debates
Political Influence on Central Banks
Economic Growth vs. Environmental Sustainability
Government Regulation of Financial Markets
Economic Crises and Political Responses
Populism and Economic Policies
Economic Development and Political Stability
Corruption and Economic Performance
Political Economy of Resource-Rich Nations
International Trade Wars and Political Tensions
Fiscal Policies and Government Budgets
Labor Market Policies and Political Alignment
Economic Ideologies and Political Parties
Globalization and Income Redistribution
Economic Populism and Public Opinion
Economic Forecasting and Political Decision-Making
Comparative Studies of Political Economies

Political Parties

Party Systems and Electoral Politics
Party Platforms and Policy Agendas
Coalition Politics and Party Alliances
Third Parties and Their Influence
Party Funding and Campaign Finance
Political Party Polarization
Party Identification and Voter Behavior
Party Primaries and Candidate Selection
Populist Parties and Their Impact
Minor Parties and Representation
Party Discipline and Legislative Behavior
Party Systems in Non-Democratic States
Party Leadership and Ideological Shifts
Party Membership and Activism
Youth Participation in Political Parties
Party Conventions and Political Strategy
Party Mergers and Dissolutions
Ethnic and Religious Parties in Multi-Cultural Societies
Popularity of Anti-Establishment Parties
Comparative Studies of Political Party Systems

Political Psychology

Political Attitudes and Ideological Beliefs
Personality Traits and Political Preferences
Political Socialization and Identity Formation
Political Trust and Distrust
Group Psychology and Political Behavior
The Role of Emotions in Political Decision-Making
Cognitive Biases and Political Judgment
Political Persuasion and Communication
Political Polarization and Social Identity
Fear and Political Behavior
Voter Apathy and Psychological Factors
Motivated Reasoning in Politics
Political Stereotypes and Prejudices
Political Leadership and Charisma
Political Participation and Civic Psychology
Mass Movements and Crowd Psychology
Political Stress and Mental Health
The Psychology of Political Extremism
Political Tolerance and Intolerance
Cross-Cultural Perspectives in Political Psychology

Political Theory

Theories of Justice and Equality
Democratic Theory and Political Legitimacy
Social Contract Theories in Political Philosophy
The Ethics of Political Leadership
Political Authority and Obedience
Rights and Liberties in Political Theory
Political Utopias and Ideal Societies
Power and Its Distribution in Political Thought
Political Liberalism vs. Communitarianism
The Role of Consent in Governance
Political Anarchism and Stateless Societies
The Philosophy of Political Revolution
Political Philosophy and Human Rights
Theories of Political Representation
Feminist Political Theory and Gender Equality
Cosmopolitanism and Global Justice
Political Conservatism and Traditionalism
Postmodernism and Deconstruction in Political Theory
Critical Theory and Social Change
Comparative Political Theories

Politics and Society

The Societal Impact of Welfare Policies
Environmental Policies and Sustainable Societies
Social Movements and Their Political Goals
Education Policies and Social Equity
Healthcare Policies and Public Health
Criminal Justice Policies and Social Inequality
Immigration Policies and Integration Challenges
Social Media and Political Activism
Identity Politics and Social Cohesion
Economic Policies and Income Distribution
Civil Society and Political Engagement
Social Capital and Political Participation
Family Policies and Social Values
Multiculturalism and Cultural Diversity
Social Inclusion and Exclusion in Politics
Urbanization and Political Dynamics
Social Stratification and Political Behavior
Aging Populations and Policy Implications
Social Norms and Political Change
Cross-Cultural Studies of Politics and Society

Politics of Oppression

Political Repression and Human Rights Violations
The Role of Mass Media in Oppression
Authoritarian Regimes and Dissent
Gender-Based Oppression and Activism
State Surveillance and Privacy Rights
Indigenous Rights and Anti-Oppression Movements
Political Exile and Dissident Communities
Censorship and Freedom of Expression
Political Violence and Resistance
Ethnic Conflict and Oppressed Minorities
The Psychology of Oppression and Compliance
Political Persecution and International Responses
Refugees and Asylum Politics
Oppression in Cyber-Space
Socioeconomic Oppression and Inequality
Historical Perspectives on Political Oppression
Anti-Oppression Legislation and Human Rights Advocacy
Discrimination and the Law
The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in Oppression
Comparative Studies of Oppressive Regimes

Public Administration

Bureaucratic Accountability and Transparency
Public Sector Reform and Modernization
Administrative Ethics and Integrity
Performance Measurement in Public Administration
E-Government and Digital Transformation
Public-Private Partnerships in Service Delivery
Administrative Decision-Making and Policy Implementation
Leadership and Change Management in the Public Sector
Civil Service Systems and Human Resource Management
Administrative Law and Legal Challenges
Emergency Management and Crisis Response
Local Government and Municipal Administration
Public Budgeting and Financial Management
Public Administration and Social Welfare Programs
Environmental Administration and Sustainability
Healthcare Administration and Policy
Public Diplomacy and International Relations
Administrative Responsiveness and Citizen Engagement
Public Administration in Developing Nations
Comparative Public Administration Studies

Public Policy

Policy Analysis and Evaluation
The Role of Think Tanks in Policy Formulation
Policy Implementation Challenges and Solutions
Policy Advocacy and Lobbying
Healthcare Policy and Access to Medical Services
Education Policy and Curriculum Development
Social Welfare Policies and Poverty Alleviation
Environmental Policy and Conservation Efforts
Technology and Innovation Policy
Immigration Policy and Border Control
Security and Defense Policy
Transportation and Infrastructure Policy
Energy Policy and Sustainability
Foreign Aid and Development Policies
Taxation Policy and Revenue Generation
Criminal Justice Policy and Sentencing Reform
Trade Policy and Economic Growth
Drug Policy and Harm Reduction Strategies
Social and Cultural Policy Initiatives
Comparative Policy Studies

Race/Ethnicity, and Politics

Racial Discrimination and Political Activism
Ethnic Conflict and Identity Politics
Minority Rights and Representation
Racial Profiling and Policing
Affirmative Action and Equal Opportunity
Indigenous Rights and Autonomy Movements
Racial and Ethnic Voting Patterns
The Role of Race in Political Campaigns
Immigration Policies and Racial Implications
Intersectionality and Multiple Identities
Ethnic Diversity and Social Cohesion
Slavery, Colonialism, and Historical Injustices
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Healthcare
Education and Racial Achievement Gaps
Media Representation and Stereotyping
Hate Crimes and Extremist Movements
Reparations and Compensation for Historical Wrongs
Cultural Appropriation and Identity Politics
Multiculturalism and Integration Policies
Comparative Studies of Race and Politics

Religion and Politics

The Role of Religious Institutions in Politics
Religious Freedom and Secularism
Faith-Based Advocacy and Social Change
Religion and International Relations
Religious Extremism and Terrorism
Religion and Gender Equality
Religious Minorities and Discrimination
Political Parties and Religious Affiliation
Religion and Environmental Ethics
Interfaith Dialogue and Peacebuilding
Religious Ethics and Public Policy
Religion in Education and Curriculum Debates
Charitable and Faith-Based Organizations
Religious Symbols and Public Spaces
Sacred Texts and Political Interpretations
Pilgrimage and Political Pilgrimage
Religion and Human Rights
Religious Conversion and Apostasy
Faith and Political Leadership
Comparative Studies of Religion and Politics

Electoral Systems

The Impact of Electoral Systems on Representation
Proportional Representation vs. First-Past-the-Post
Gerrymandering and Electoral Manipulation
Electronic Voting and Election Security
Ranked Choice Voting Systems
Voter Turnout and Participation Rates
Minority Representation in Electoral Systems
Campaign Finance and Electoral Outcomes
Voter Registration and Access to Voting
Electoral Reforms and Political Parties
Voting Behavior and Demographic Patterns
Gender and Electoral Politics
Electoral Systems in Post-Conflict Nations
Hybrid Electoral Systems
Electoral Justice and Redistricting
Political Parties and Coalition Building
Election Observation and International Standards
Electoral Systems and Ethnic Conflict
Voter Suppression and Disenfranchisement
Electoral Systems in Non-Democratic Regimes

Rights and Freedoms

Freedom of Speech and Censorship
Civil Liberties in Times of Crisis
Religious Freedom and Freedom of Worship
LGBTQ+ Rights and Advocacy
The Right to Protest and Assembly
Racial Profiling and Discrimination
Right to Bear Arms and Gun Control
Refugee Rights and Asylum Seekers
Indigenous Rights and Land Sovereignty
Rights of the Accused and Due Process
Access to Healthcare as a Human Right
Education as a Fundamental Right
Economic Rights and Income Inequality
Children’s Rights and Child Protection
Disability Rights and Accessibility
Prisoner Rights and Criminal Justice Reform
Freedom of the Press and Media Ethics
Comparative Human Rights Frameworks

Science/Technology and Politics

Cybersecurity and Election Interference
Surveillance Technologies and Privacy
Artificial Intelligence in Governance
Internet Regulation and Net Neutrality
Space Exploration and International Cooperation
Ethical Implications of Biotechnology
Climate Science and Environmental Policy
Digital Diplomacy and International Relations
Technology in Disaster Management
Data Protection and Online Privacy
Social Media and Political Influence
Bioethics and Genetic Engineering
Ethical Considerations in Artificial Intelligence
Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation
Ethical Dilemmas in Scientific Research
Quantum Computing and National Security
Robotics and the Future of Labor
E-Government Initiatives and Digital Services
Environmental Ethics and Sustainability
Technology Transfer in Developing Nations

War and Peace

Conflict Resolution and Diplomacy
Peacebuilding and Post-Conflict Reconstruction
Arms Control and Non-Proliferation Agreements
Nuclear Deterrence and Arms Races
Cyber Warfare and International Law
Refugee Crises and Forced Displacement
United Nations Peacekeeping Missions
War Crimes and International Tribunals
Security Alliances and Collective Defense
Civil Wars and State Fragmentation
Weapons of Mass Destruction and Global Security
Peace Accords and Conflict Resolution
Conflict Journalism and Media Coverage
Civilian Protection and Human Rights in Conflict Zones
The Ethics of Humanitarian Aid
Regional Conflicts and Regional Organizations
Conflict-Induced Migration and Refugee Policies
The Role of Religion in Peace and Conflict

This comprehensive list merely scratches the surface of the intriguing topics available within the realm of political science. From the intricacies of constitutional law to the dynamics of Asian politics and the complexities of comparative analysis, the field of political science offers a rich tapestry of subjects for your research pursuits. We encourage you to explore these topics, refine your interests, and embark on an academic journey that not only expands your knowledge but also contributes to the broader discourse on politics and governance. As you navigate this list, remember that the key to a successful research paper is your passion for the subject matter. Choose a topic that resonates with you, and let your curiosity drive your exploration of political science research paper topics.

Browse More Political Science Topics:

African Politics and Society
American Politics and Society
Asian Politics and Society
Culture, Media, and Language
European Politics and Society
Federalism and Local Politics
Institutions and Checks and Balances
International Security and Arms Control
Latin American Politics and Society

The Range of Political Science Research Paper Topics

Introduction

Political science, the systematic study of politics and government, provides valuable insights into the complex world of governance, policy-making, and international relations. For students of political science, selecting the right research paper topic can be the key to unlocking a deeper understanding of these intricate issues. This page serves as a comprehensive guide to the rich array of Political Science Research Paper Topics available, offering a detailed overview of the field and highlighting its significant contributions to society.

Exploring Political Science

Political science plays a pivotal role in deciphering the dynamics of the modern world. By analyzing the behavior of individuals, groups, and institutions in political settings, it seeks to unravel the complexities of governance and decision-making. This discipline’s significance extends far beyond the classroom, as it directly informs public policy, governance structures, and international relations.

The research conducted within political science serves as the foundation for crafting effective policies and addressing pressing global challenges. Governments and organizations worldwide rely on the expertise of political scientists to provide evidence-based recommendations and solutions. Whether it’s designing social welfare programs, analyzing international conflicts, or studying voter behavior, political science research is at the forefront of shaping the way societies function.

The Essence of Political Science

Political science is the intellectual foundation of modern political analysis and policy-making. It serves as a bridge between theory and practice, helping individuals understand not only the “what” but also the “why” and “how” of political phenomena. By examining political behavior, institutions, and ideologies, this field equips students with the tools to navigate the complexities of governance and to critically evaluate the policies that shape our lives.

One of the defining features of political science is its interdisciplinary nature. It draws from various disciplines, including history, economics, sociology, psychology, and philosophy, to offer a holistic understanding of political processes. For students passionate about examining the social and political forces that shape our world, political science is a vibrant and intellectually rewarding field of study.

The Relevance of Political Science Research

Political science research is not confined to academic ivory towers; it has a profound impact on society. The evidence-based insights generated by political scientists guide governments, inform public discourse, and influence policy decisions. Research on topics such as voting behavior helps in understanding democratic processes, while studies on international relations contribute to strategies for peacekeeping and diplomacy.

Political scientists also play a crucial role in examining and addressing contemporary global challenges. They explore topics such as climate change, migration, and human rights, offering valuable insights that can shape policies and international cooperation. The relevance of political science research extends to issues of governance, accountability, and the promotion of democratic values.

Range of Research Paper Topics

Within the vast realm of political science, there exists a diverse range of research paper topics that cater to different interests and perspectives. These topics encompass various subfields, each shedding light on distinct aspects of political behavior, institutions, and ideologies. Here, we delve into some of the intriguing areas that can serve as the foundation for your research endeavors:

Democracy and Democratization : The study of democratic systems and processes is a cornerstone of political science. Research in this area may explore topics such as the challenges of democratization in emerging nations, the role of media in shaping public opinion, or the impact of electoral systems on representation.

Political Corruption : Understanding and combating political corruption is critical for the integrity of governments worldwide. Research topics may range from analyzing corruption’s economic and social consequences to exploring strategies for prevention and enforcement.

Globalization and Politics : In an increasingly interconnected world, globalization profoundly influences political dynamics. Research in this area can examine issues like the impact of globalization on national sovereignty, the role of international organizations, or the ethics of global trade.

Political Ideologies : The realm of political ideologies delves into the philosophies and belief systems that underpin political movements and parties. Topics may include the examination of specific ideologies such as liberalism, conservatism, or socialism, and their historical evolution.

Science/Technology and Politics : The intersection of science, technology, and politics is a fertile ground for research. This area covers topics like the influence of digital platforms on political discourse, ethical considerations in artificial intelligence, and the role of technology in election campaigns.

War and Peace : The study of international conflict and peacekeeping efforts remains a central concern in political science. Research may focus on issues like the causes of armed conflicts, peace negotiation strategies, or the ethics of humanitarian interventions.

Religion and Politics : Religion’s impact on political behavior and policies is a subject of ongoing debate. Research in this area can explore the role of religious institutions in politics, the influence of faith on voting patterns, or interfaith relations in diverse societies.

Race/Ethnicity, and Politics : The intersection of race, ethnicity, and politics raises critical questions about representation and equality. Research topics may encompass racial disparities in political participation, the impact of identity politics, or the dynamics of minority-majority relations.

Public Policy and Administration : The field of public policy and administration involves the study of how policies are formulated, implemented, and evaluated. Topics may include healthcare policy, environmental regulations, or the role of bureaucracy in shaping public programs.

International Relations : International relations examine interactions between states and the complexities of the global order. Research topics may focus on diplomacy, international organizations, global conflicts, or the challenges of international cooperation.

Human Rights and Justice : The study of human rights and justice explores ethical dilemmas and legal frameworks. Research may encompass issues like refugee rights, humanitarian law, or the role of international courts in addressing human rights abuses.

Environmental Politics : In an era of environmental challenges, political science research on environmental politics is vital. Topics may cover climate change policy, sustainable development, or the politics of natural resource management.

Evaluating Political Science Research Topics

As students explore these diverse topics, it’s essential to consider various factors when choosing a research paper topic. Here are some key considerations:

Personal Interest : Select a topic that genuinely interests you. Your passion for the subject matter will fuel your research efforts and maintain your motivation throughout the project.
Relevance : Consider the relevance of your chosen topic to current political debates, policies, or global issues. Research that addresses pressing concerns often has a more significant impact.
Feasibility : Assess the availability of data, research materials, and access to experts or primary sources. Ensure that your chosen topic is researchable within your constraints.
Originality : While it’s not necessary to reinvent the wheel, aim to contribute something new or offer a fresh perspective on existing debates or issues.
Scope : Define the scope of your research clearly. Determine whether your topic is too broad or too narrow and adjust it accordingly.
Methodology : Think about the research methods you’ll use. Will you conduct surveys, interviews, content analysis, or use historical data? Ensure that your chosen methods align with your topic.
Ethical Considerations : Be mindful of ethical considerations, especially when dealing with sensitive topics or human subjects. Ensure that your research adheres to ethical standards.

Political science, as a multifaceted discipline, holds immense relevance in today’s world. Its research not only informs governance and policy-making but also empowers individuals to engage critically with the complex political issues of our time. The spectrum of Political Science Research Paper Topics is vast, reflecting the diversity of political phenomena and ideas.

As students embark on their research journeys in political science, they have the opportunity to make meaningful contributions to our understanding of governance, society, and international relations. By choosing topics that resonate with their interests and align with the pressing issues of the day, students can truly make a difference in the field of political science.

In closing, we encourage students to explore the wealth of Political Science Research Paper Topics, delve deep into their chosen areas of study, and harness the power of knowledge to effect positive change in the political landscape.

Choosing Political Science Research Paper Topics

Selecting the right research topic is a crucial step in the journey of academic inquiry. It sets the tone for your entire research paper, influencing its direction, depth, and impact. When it comes to political science research paper topics, the stakes are high, as the field encompasses a wide range of subjects that can shape our understanding of governance, policy-making, and international relations. In this section, we’ll explore ten valuable tips to help you choose political science research paper topics that align with your interests, resonate with current debates, and provide ample research opportunities.

10 Tips for Choosing Political Science Research Paper Topics:

Follow Your Passion : Begin your quest for the right research topic by considering your interests. Passion for a subject often fuels motivation and ensures your engagement throughout the research process. Whether it’s human rights, international diplomacy, or environmental policy, choose a topic that genuinely excites you.
Stay Informed : Keep abreast of current political events, debates, and emerging issues. Reading newspapers, academic journals, and reputable websites can help you identify contemporary topics that are both relevant and research-worthy. Being informed about current affairs is essential for crafting timely and impactful research.
Explore Gaps in Existing Literature : Conduct a thorough literature review to identify gaps or areas where further research is needed. This not only helps you understand the existing discourse but also provides insights into unexplored avenues for your research. Building on or critiquing existing research can contribute significantly to the field.
Consider Policy Relevance : Think about the practical relevance of your chosen topic. How does it connect to real-world policy challenges? Research that addresses pressing policy issues tends to have a more substantial impact and can attract the attention of policymakers and practitioners.
Delve into Comparative Studies : Comparative politics offers a wealth of research opportunities by allowing you to examine political systems, policies, or issues across different countries or regions. Comparative studies can yield valuable insights into the impact of context and culture on political outcomes.
Narrow or Broaden Your Focus : Be mindful of the scope of your research topic. Some topics may be too broad to cover comprehensively in a single paper, while others may be too narrow, limiting available research material. Strike a balance by defining your research question or problem statement clearly.
Consult Your Professors and Peers : Don’t hesitate to seek guidance from your professors or peers. They can offer valuable insights, suggest relevant literature, and help you refine your research question. Collaboration and mentorship can significantly enhance your research experience.
Evaluate Feasibility : Assess the feasibility of your chosen topic. Consider the availability of data, research materials, and access to experts or primary sources. Ensure that your research is doable within your constraints, including time and resources.
Embrace Interdisciplinary Perspectives : Political science often intersects with other disciplines, such as sociology, economics, or environmental science. Explore interdisciplinary angles to enrich your research. Collaborating with experts from related fields can lead to innovative insights.
Ethical Considerations : When selecting a research topic, be mindful of ethical considerations, especially if your research involves human subjects or sensitive issues. Ensure that your research adheres to ethical standards and obtains the necessary approvals.

Choosing the right political science research paper topic is a dynamic process that requires reflection, exploration, and critical thinking. By following these ten tips, you can navigate the landscape of political science topics with confidence. Remember that your research topic is not set in stone; it can evolve as you delve deeper into your studies and gain new insights.

As you embark on your research journey, keep in mind that the topics you choose have the potential to contribute to our understanding of the political world, inform policy decisions, and shape the future of governance. Embrace the opportunity to explore, question, and discover, for it is through research that we illuminate the path to progress in the field of political science.

Choose your topics wisely, engage in meaningful inquiry, and let your passion for political science drive your pursuit of knowledge.

How to Write a Political Science Research Paper

Writing a research paper in political science is a distinctive journey that allows you to explore complex issues, develop critical thinking skills, and contribute to the body of knowledge in the field. Effective research paper writing is not only about conveying your ideas clearly but also about constructing a compelling argument supported by rigorous evidence. In this section, we’ll delve into ten valuable tips that will help you craft high-quality political science research papers, enabling you to communicate your findings effectively and make a meaningful impact.

10 Tips for Writing Political Science Research Papers:

Thoroughly Understand the Assignment : Before you start writing, carefully read and understand your assignment guidelines. Clarify any doubts with your professor, ensuring you have a clear grasp of the expectations regarding format, length, and content.
Choose a Strong Thesis Statement : Your thesis statement is the heart of your research paper. It should be clear, concise, and arguable. Ensure that it presents a central argument or question that your paper will address.
Conduct In-Depth Research : A robust research paper relies on well-sourced evidence. Explore academic journals, books, reputable websites, and primary sources related to your topic. Take detailed notes and keep track of your sources for accurate citations.
Structure Your Paper Effectively : Organize your paper logically, with a coherent introduction, body, and conclusion. Each section should flow smoothly, building upon the previous one. Use headings and subheadings to guide your reader.
Craft a Captivating Introduction : Your introduction should grab the reader’s attention and provide context for your research. It should introduce your thesis statement and outline the main points you will address.
Develop a Compelling Argument : Present a clear and well-reasoned argument throughout your paper. Each paragraph should support your thesis statement, with evidence and analysis that reinforces your position.
Cite Your Sources Properly : Accurate citations are crucial in political science research papers. Follow the citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago) specified in your assignment guidelines. Pay careful attention to in-text citations and the bibliography.
Edit and Proofread Diligently : Writing is rewriting. After completing your initial draft, take the time to revise and edit your paper. Check for clarity, coherence, grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. Consider seeking feedback from peers or professors.
Stay Objective and Avoid Bias : Political science research requires objectivity. Avoid personal bias and ensure that your analysis is based on evidence and sound reasoning. Acknowledge counterarguments and address them respectfully.
Craft a Strong Conclusion : Summarize your main points and restate your thesis in the conclusion. Discuss the implications of your research and suggest areas for future study. Leave your reader with a lasting impression.

Writing a political science research paper is not just an academic exercise; it’s an opportunity to engage with critical issues, contribute to knowledge, and develop essential skills. By applying these ten tips, you can navigate the complexities of research paper writing with confidence.

As you embark on your journey to craft high-quality papers, remember that effective communication is the key to making a meaningful impact in the realm of political science. Your research has the potential to shape discussions, influence policies, and contribute to our collective understanding of the political world.

Embrace the writing process, celebrate your achievements, and view each paper as a stepping stone in your academic and intellectual growth. Whether you’re exploring global diplomacy, dissecting political ideologies, or analyzing policy decisions, your research papers can be a force for positive change in the world of politics.

As you tackle the challenges and opportunities of political science research, remember that the knowledge you gain and the skills you develop are valuable assets that will serve you well in your academic and professional journey. Write with passion, rigor, and integrity, and let your research papers be a testament to your commitment to advancing the field of political science.

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The Top 10 Most Interesting Political Science Research Topics

Coming up with good political science research topics may seem like a daunting task. Whether you’re interested in foreign policy, international conflict, or immigration policy, it is worthwhile to take some time to research and find out which topics are currently relevant before diving into research. You want a topic that is manageable and meaningful. After all, you are going to invest a good deal of time and effort in answering the central questions of your project.

In this article, we will show you ten examples of political science research topics for bachelor’s degree students. We also show you how to craft political science research questions that work. With this list of currently relevant political science research paper topics, you can be sure you’ll work on something meaningful and relevant.

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What makes a strong political science research topic.

A strong research topic is original and relevant. It builds on previous studies published by reputable sources. It’s broad enough to be relatable but narrow enough to be unique. To get some ideas, you can explore the most recent topics published in Cambridge University Press’s American Political Science Review . It covers all areas of political science, from American politics to foreign relations.

Ask teachers from your academic department what they are currently writing about. Talk to your academic advisor if you can’t find a strong topic. Finally, make sure that your topic follows the guidelines set by your teacher.

Tips for Choosing a Political Science Research Topic

Pick a meaningful topic. The research will be more enjoyable if you find it personally interesting. For instance, if immigration policy is a topic of personal value to you, you can center your research topic around it and this will help you stay engaged in your research.
Discuss research ideas with classmates. They can help you find insight from a fresh perspective.
Make sure your topic has a manageable size. One of the major requirements for choosing a topic is making sure that it will be manageable. Explore some key questions in your chosen field until you narrow your own topic down to something you can take on successfully.
Use reputable sources. Choose authoritative articles published in peer-reviewed journals. Make sure you choose the ones relevant to your topic, whether that is democratic governments, the political behavior of a particular group, or a particular authoritarian regime.
Join the current scholarly debate. Make your topic part of cutting-edge research. Discussing things like current forms of government or current political events will help you ensure your chosen topic will contribute to salient issues of political theory as well as critical policy debates.

What’s the Difference Between a Research Topic and a Research Question?

A research topic is a focused area of study in a scientific field or subfield. The goal of the research question is to narrow down that area even further. By answering the research question, you contribute to understanding the topic. The research question guides your research and writing, leading you to make a contribution to that particular topic and field.

How to Create Strong Political Science Research Questions

Gather information on your topic to get familiar with the current research. Find an interesting aspect to explore. Identify the gaps in the research mentioned in articles about your topic. Now, try to find a question that would address that gap.

Start your question with what, why, when, or how. The question must be clear and focused. You can also use guides to develop a research question by narrowing the topic to help you get started.

2. Influence of Social Movements and Advocacy Groups on Policymaking

The government often makes its policies behind closed doors. In response, social movements organize to get access to and take part in policymaking. Every representative democracy needs the participation of social movements and advocacy groups. They help to hold the American government accountable, ensuring the human rights of citizens are protected.

Social movements and advocacy groups have a powerful influence on public opinion, and can influence the political participation of specific groups. American politics has to consider their ideas to improve political attitudes. Political science researchers have to expand on this topic to understand collective action.

3. Effect of an Interdependent World on the Roles of Governments and Institutions

Many of the policy challenges at a domestic level are now global, and political leaders know this. Governments need policies to regulate institutions, promote international cooperation, and lessen political disputes. They need to train their workforce with a global mindset. This also has a direct impact on political campaigns and electoral politics.

As globalization influences the political development of all nations, government employees are now working on an international stage. They need knowledge of international relations to share knowledge and collaborate. Policymaking for an interdependent world is a relevant political science topic.

4. Prosperity and Equality Through Public Policy

The COVID-19 pandemic is challenging the financial stability of many families. Technological disruptions cause unexpected changes in the international markets. Clearly, we cannot take for granted the economic resilience of the country. The government uses economic policy to protect prosperity and equality. Economic development is a major topic in political science research.

5. Factors Influencing Policymaking Around Taxes, Regulation, and Trade

Tax policy affects economic development and social progress. Economic reform is part of the international conversation on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development . Trade regulation and immigration policies are frequently discussed in political science research, making them a great topic for any aspiring political scientist.

6. Influence of Gender, Race, Class, and Other Aspects of Identity on Policymaking

Diversity and intersectionality are becoming necessary topics in modern politics. Educational institutions and public companies are adopting equity and inclusion goals. The expectations for incorporating diversity in policymaking are higher than ever. Policymaking to prevent discrimination and create the grounds for fair immigration policy is a highly relevant topic.

7. The Role of Government in Providing Affordable Healthcare

Universal Health Coverage (UHU) is a World Health Organization (WHO) initiative to provide global access to healthcare services. The United States has reaffirmed its commitment to achieving this goal.

The COVID-19 pandemic made clear the need for international cooperation in health. International relations theories have to change to make UHU possible. Global health policymaking is a pressing research topic in modern politics.

8. Mitigating Cyber Breaches And Security Challenges Through Policymaking

Countries are adopting cyber security strategies through policymaking. Some of them have a dedicated agency for cyber security. Worldwide, information and technology assets are growing in importance. Cyber security is now part of contemporary world politics and the economic development of nations.

Cyber regulation comes with a whole new set of policymaking challenges that contemporary world politics needs to tackle. It involves international cooperation and coordination. Policymaking to neutralize cyber threats is a growing topic in modern politics research.

9. Harnessing Data for Good Governance

Partnerships between public institutions and private companies facilitate the use of big data. This comes with several institutional challenges, like combining data sources. Regulating data access and addressing privacy concerns will need extensive policymaking. Modernizing data governance is a current topic in political science research.

10. Regulating Disinformation In the United States Through Public Policy

Americans are turning to social media and biased websites to make sense of politics. The proliferation of misinformation is fueling division and polarization, and can depress public confidence and discourage political participation. Regulating disinformation through public policy is becoming an urgent topic.

Regulating freedom of speech is not common in the American political tradition. Political scientists use cost-benefit analysis to find balanced solutions for these complex problems. There are growing opportunities for research on the topic of misinformation regulation and the role of government in the digital age.

Political Science Research Questions

How can public leaders balance political realities and policy priorities?
What developments in science and technology are changing political attitudes?
Will public-private partnerships change the approach of government to public problems?
How do policymakers navigate the tensions between private power and democratic values?
How can public policymaking integrate a human rights perspective?

Choosing the Right Political Science Research Topic

It is important to know how to choose a research topic if you want to pursue a political science degree . The right political science research topic is engaging and manageable. Choose a topic that is interesting to you. It will keep you engaged and motivated during the research process. Keep in mind that your initial research topic might change. As your expertise grows, your topic will become more precise.

Political Science Research Topics FAQ

Political science is a field of knowledge that studies political phenomena. American politics, political theories, and international politics are common topics in political science. Political scientists use comparative politics and policy analysis to improve public problems.

Political science research is important because it improves public policies and can lead to necessary legal reform. It helps citizens understand American politics and foreign policy issues. Research in political science improves international cooperation and global environmental policies, and helps us make sense of major world events.

Yes, you can get a political science degree online. You can get a bachelor’s or a master’s degree in political science without going to college. There are several online political science degree options from good universities. With a Graduate Equivalency Degree (GED), you can get a political science associate degree in two years.

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With a degree in political science, you can get a job as a legislative assistant or a campaign manager. Social media managers for political institutions are also in demand. With a graduate degree in political science, you can become a policy analyst or an urban planner. Political scientists can work in either academia or the private sector.

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Suggested search, current projects, the security and political economy (spec) lab.

The Security and Political Economy (SPEC) Lab conducts interdisciplinary, policy-relevant research on issues at the intersection of climate change, security, and economic development. These research projects provide opportunities for undergraduate students to develop data science and other research skills and apply them directly to the policy challenges facing national governments and international institutions.

Junior lab members receive, and senior lab members help provide, formal training, but from day one lab members are working alongside faculty and doctoral students on cutting edge research projects, every one of which is aimed toward producing actionable research findings. Every exercise is live. That means mistakes are costly, but successes deliver more than a grade – they deliver policy-relevant results that address some of the world’s most pressing global challenges.

Arctic Strategy Workshop

USC is hosting a special workshop on the Arctic Environment and Strategy on October 20 in Washington DC. Funded by the National Science Foundation, the event is formally titled Strategic Ambition and Environmental Constraint: a Conference-Workshop on the Impact of Rapid Environmental Degradation on the Security Strategies of Arctic States . The workshop features some two dozen invited experts—on Arctic environmental issues, on Arctic security, and on global threat assessment and strategy—discussing the collision of geopolitical rivalry with rapid environmental change. The breakdown of relations between Russia and other Arctic Council states aggravates a trend toward militarization in the region even as accelerating environmental degradation prioritizes broader international cooperation.

Near Crisis Project

The Near Crisis Project dates back to 2008. The basic idea is to collect data on a comparison class of events for comparison to international crises. We know a lot already about why some crises escalate to war, but not where such events come from in the first place. The NCP is collecting, throughout the 20th century and beyond, exactly the kind of data that is needed to improve the scientific understanding of escalation processes. Since its inception, the NCP has involved more than one hundred undergraduate students at USC. Those who comment below are outstanding examples of USC students who are going on to great success in life and value their experience as undergraduate research assistants along the way.

It involves identifying a particular type of event, known as a near crisis, during the period from 1919 to 2017. The NCP is at an exciting point of its development – they have searched through about 95% of monthly time periods and soon will have completed the identification phase of the project. Students in NCP this semester will do research on a two-week cycle in which they seek to identify potential cases for the NCP data set. Every two weeks, each student attends a group meeting in which potential cases are debated. The Project Director, Dr. Patrick James, based on arguments heard back and forth, then decides whether a candidate case will be included.

J. Ann Tickner Book Prize

The J. Ann Tickner Book Prize honors outstanding new work in the tradition of Tickner’s pioneering scholarship.

The Tickner Prize was established in recognition of Professor Tickner’s path-breaking scholarship on gender and feminist International Relations and her tireless commitment to engagement across disciplinary paradigms. The prize seeks to recognize the author of a book that critically engages IR theory, that questions disciplinary assumptions, and that helps build practical knowledge to address pressing issues and contribute to a more just and peaceful world. Professor Emerita J. Ann Tickner is an eminent scholar of International Relations and a distinguished member of the SIR faculty from 1995 – 2011 (and now Distinguished Scholar in Residence at American University).

Administered biennially by the School of International Relations (SIR) at the University of Southern California (USC) in Los Angeles, the prize includes a $1,000 award and an invitation to USC to give a formal lecture.

In 2014, Dr. Fiona Robinson was awarded the prize for her book, The Ethics of Care.

In 2016, Dr. Laura Sjoberg was awarded the prize for her book, Gendering Global Conflict: Toward a Feminist Theory of War.

DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

Undergraduate
Research Opportunities

Undergraduate Research Opportunities

Political science research.

It can be hard to know where to begin with research. This video, courtesy of Northwestern’s Office of Undergraduate Research , outlines research paths in Political Science.

What ideas interest you when you think about politics?
How can you convert an interest into a project?
How do you ask for faculty mentorship?
Is there a research method that would best fit your project's goals?

Take advantage of several exciting research opportunities, ranging from collaboration with faculty to engaging in your own research.

Political Science Department Opportunities

Farrell Fellowship In our competitive research mentorship program, Political Science majors work alongside professors on faculty-generated research projects. As paid research assistants, Farrell Fellow receive in-depth research training and learn the process of conducting academic research from faculty mentors.

Ginsberg Undergraduate Research Grants Have an idea of your own for a research project? Ginsberg Grants support student-initiated projects conducted in the collaboration with a Political Science faculty member.

Honors Thesis Did a class or experience inspire you to think more deeply about a topic? Paired with a faculty advisor, conduct your own research and write an honors thesis in the political science honors program.

Additional research opportunities

Northwestern offers a range of opportunities for undergraduate students to get involved in conducting research. Political Science students are encouraged to explore the variety of research opportunities available throughout Northwestern. Some of the research opportunities and resources that Political Science students commonly purus include:

Opportunities and resources offered by the Northwestern Office of Undergraduate Research: t he Office of Undergraduate Research offers the Undergraduate Research Assistant Program (URAP) for students to gain research experience through working with faculty; research grants during the summer and academic year for students to pursue their own research; and advising and resources on finding research opportunities or working on your own research project.
Research programs offered by other departments and research centers, such as the Institute for Policy Research's Summer Undergraduate Research Assistant Program and the Chabraja Center for Historical Studies' Leopold Fellowship .

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The SAGE Handbook of Research Methods in Political Science and International Relations

Luigi Curini - Università degli Studi di Milano
Robert Franzese - University of Michigan
Description

The SAGE Handbook of Research Methods in Political Science and International Relations offers a comprehensive overview of research processes in social science — from the ideation and design of research projects, through the construction of theoretical arguments, to conceptualization, measurement, & data collection, and quantitative & qualitative empirical analysis — exposited through 65 major new contributions from leading international methodologists.

Each chapter surveys, builds upon, and extends the modern state of the art in its area. Following through its six-part organization, undergraduate and graduate students, researchers and practicing academics will be guided through the design, methods, and analysis of issues in Political Science and International Relations:

Part One: Formulating Good Research Questions & Designing Good Research Projects

Part Two: Methods of Theoretical Argumentation

Part Three: Conceptualization & Measurement

Part Four: Large-Scale Data Collection & Representation Methods

Part Five: Quantitative-Empirical Methods

Part Six: Qualitative & “Mixed” Methods

See what’s new to this edition by selecting the Features tab on this page. Should you need additional information or have questions regarding the HEOA information provided for this title, including what is new to this edition, please email [email protected] . Please include your name, contact information, and the name of the title for which you would like more information. For information on the HEOA, please go to http://ed.gov/policy/highered/leg/hea08/index.html .

For assistance with your order: Please email us at [email protected] or connect with your SAGE representative.

SAGE 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 www.sagepub.com

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For scholars seeking credible research designs, this is an indispensable volume. The methods are wide-ranging and on the cutting edge, and the authors are an all-star cast of leading experts.

This is an extraordinarily comprehensive handbook on the current state of the art in research methods for political science. The roster of authors is both stellar and extensive. No single person knows this much about all this material. So all serious researchers can benefit from having this handbook on their shelves, whether to expand the scope of their own work or to enhance their reading of the work of others.

Since the dawn of the twenty-first century there has been an explosion of methods in the social and natural sciences. As data has gotten bigger and bigger, we have been developing new tools to acquire, analyze, and synthesize all these bits and bytes, and this has led to nothing short of a revolution in political science. The very leaders of this revolution have come together in these volumes to show the way, with both deep insight and engaging connections to the biggest substantive problems of our day. This is literally the dream team of political science, and they are explaining in plain language exactly how to live on the cutting edge. As someone deeply committed to both learning and teaching new methods, I can't think of another book I would rather have on my shelf.

This handbook provides the reader with a very broad overview of research methods in political science. With chapters authored by notable senior and junior methodologists and applicants, it does not only cover a wide range of techniques, but also places methods within their context, such as research designs. This book is an excellent companion for researchers of all steps of their career who are about to find their way through the jungle of methodological offers.

This is a very impressive and broad collection of authors and essays. This book will be my, and my students’, first stop in exploring any topic in political methodology. The editors provide an important service to the discipline.

The Sage Handbook of Research Methods in Political Science and International Relations has wide coverage from leading scholars and practitioners. There is definitely something for everyone to learn while emphasizing accessibility for all as well.

Preview this book

Select a purchasing option, related products.

This title is also available on SAGE Knowledge , the ultimate social sciences online library. If your library doesn’t have access, ask your librarian to start a trial .

This title is also available on SAGE Research Methods , the ultimate digital methods library. If your library doesn’t have access, ask your librarian to start a trial .

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Political science plays an important role in how we shape the world around us. It offers insight into governments, political systems, public policies, international relations, and more. This makes it a broad subject to explore. But it can also be challenging to find a captivating political science research topic.

To make things easier, we’ve collected multiple political science research paper topics that suit any taste and need. We made a step further and divided these ideas into accessible categories. Choose the area you are most interested in and get ready to find a bunch of political science research topics in your domain.

But first things first, let’s figure out what politics is all about.

What Are Political Science Research Topics?

Politics is the study of governments, public policies, and political processes. It investigates how societies make decisions. Political science also examines how decisions affect people, both on a small scale, like a neighborhood, and on a global scale, like international relations.

Political science research paper topics can range widely within this discipline. Depending on your interests and goals, you could explore anything from voting behavior to gender equality in politics. You can also study global diplomatic relations, electoral systems, or the influence of media on political outcomes.

Characteristics of Good Political Science Research Paper Topics

Politics shapes our world in myriad ways. Every aspect of it bears relevance and offers a platform for thoughtful discourse, making it a fertile field for academic exploration.

However, good political science topics aren’t just about selecting a subject itself. Great ideas require elements of intrigue, relevance, and potential for in-depth examination, all while showcasing your input. So, what should you consider while choosing between different political research topics? Well, your passion and expertise are pivotal. Your topic should resonate with your interests and align with your academic focus.

Here's a brief overview of characteristics that make up engaging political science research topics:

Relevant and contemporary
Balanced in its scope
Well-documented and containing enough material
Interesting to you as well as your readers
Suitable for follow-up studies and/or additional research.

How to Choose a Political Science Research Topic?

Stumped about which political science topic to choose for your research paper? It's a common dilemma for many students. You shouldn’t just pick a theme. You must ensure that your topic sustains your interest, meets academic requirements, and resonates with your audience.

No need to stress, though! This blog is here to help you navigate these tricky waters. Our online essay writer team has shared these step-by-step guidelines to help you choose a successful topic for your political science paper:

Start with something you’re passionate about. Your enthusiasm and interest will animate the project and guide you to success.
Come up with an original idea that hasn’t been explored in depth before or is still relevant today.
Find something that’s timely and engaging to a wider audience. This should be something that people care about and are actively discussing.
Look for hidden connections, patterns, and solutions. Make sure your political science research topic is complex enough to ensure in-depth research.
Gather the necessary materials beforehand. Ensure availability of information before you begin analyzing your theme.

List of Political Science Research Topics

Before you plunge into our expertly compiled list, remember to double-check your instructor's guidelines. Aligning your choice with your course requirements is vital. Now, prepare to browse through the most captivating politics research topics that could be the launchpad for your future paper.

Understanding democracy: An evolving concept.
Rise of populism in 21st-century politics.
Climate change and global governance.
Role of United Nations: Effectiveness and criticisms.
Politics behind nuclear disarmament.
Influence of social media on political campaigns.
Immigration policies: A comparative study.
Human rights and foreign policy.
Impact of political instability on economic growth.
Cybersecurity in international relations.
Decoding political symbolism in public spaces.
Feminism and its political impact.
Role of youth in politics.
Is healthcare a political issue?
Examining political bias in media.

Easy Political Science Research Topics

While the field of political science can seem intricate, there are areas within it that are more accessible, yet equally intriguing. If you're new to the discipline or prefer less complex issues, this list of simple political science paper topics could be your go-to. Each topic is designed to offer an easy entry point into political science, but still, provide room for critical analysis .

Defining basic political ideologies: Liberalism, Conservatism, and Socialism.
How does voting work? An overview.
Impact of political cartoons on public opinion.
Presidential vs. parliamentary systems.
Role of lobby groups in shaping policy.
Political satire and its influence.
Environmental policy: Understanding basics.
What role does local government play?
Does every vote count in elections?
How accurate are public opinion polls?
Politics in sports.
Privacy rights in a digital era.
Gender representation in politics.
Patriotism vs. nationalism: Understanding the difference.
Role of celebrities in political campaigns.

Interesting Political Science Research Topics

Political science never falls short of captivating topics. With its dynamic nature and its intricate connection to real-world issues, there's always something noteworthy to explore. We've done our utmost to curate a list of topics in political science that will pique anyone’s curiosity:

Lessons from literature on dystopian governance.
The war on drugs policy.
What influence does propaganda have on contemporary governance?
How governing ideologies influence art.
Balancing national security with personal freedoms.
Importance of whistleblowers in democratic societies.
Rhetoric and reality behind political speeches.
Implications of artificial intelligence on governance.
Attainability of world peace: A critical perspective.
Dynamics of power in non-democratic systems.
Global pandemics and their effects on governance.
Competing for Mars: A new space race.
Impact of religion on governance.
Perspective on animal rights from a political viewpoint.
Food accessibility: Who decides who gets to eat what?

Good Topics for a Political Science Research Paper

Scoring points with your professor often comes down to choosing compelling and thought-provoking research paper ideas . The following list includes good political science research questions that are in tune with contemporary discourse. Each topic offers plenty of room to showcase your analytical skills and knowledge.

Evaluating e-democracy: Benefits and drawbacks.
How migration policies shape nations.
Media as a tool for political persuasion.
Political philosophy in science fiction literature.
Trade wars and global relations.
Is there a global shift towards autocracy?
Understanding diplomatic immunity: Rights and abuses.
Role of non-state actors in shaping international policy.
Rise of nationalism in globalized societies.
Impact of climate change on national security.
Examination of censorship laws across nations.
Can blockchain technology revolutionize voting systems?
Decoding political rhetoric in campaign promises.
Gender pay gap: A policy analysis.
Influence of economic inequality on social unrest.

Best Political Science Research Topics

We have curated an irresistible list of political science topics for a research paper. These ideas range from pressing international issues to more granular policy questions, all guaranteed to challenge your analytical skills.

Exploring causes and effects of global populism.
Transparency as a key to ethical political leadership.
Evaluating the role of social media censorship in political landscapes.
Influence of multiculturalism on policy development.
Unpacking the outcomes and justifications of military interventions.
Corruption's destructive role in democratic systems.
Merits and pitfalls of technocracy.
Interplay of bureaucracy and governance.
Pathways to address political polarization.
Effects of historical colonization on current government structures.
Role of extremism in shaping international relations.
How global climate commitments affect nations.
Using sanctions as a diplomatic tool.
Conflict resolution through international law.
Geopolitics in outer space exploration.

Current Research Topics in Political Science

Political science is a progressing field, so the problems you research will always be relevant. Our list of up-to-date topics of political science will help you make sure your paper is on point.

Artificial intelligence in global governance.
Global health governance in pandemics.
Impact of digital currencies on economies.
Changes in contemporary immigration attitudes.
Climate crisis' role in diplomatic dialogues.
Social movements and societal change.
Tech giants and information control.
Civil liberties in pandemic responses.
Gender disparities in political representation.
Decolonization trends in the 21st century.
Cyber warfare and national security.
Ethics of drone warfare.
Crypto-anarchy and state sovereignty.
Right-wing extremism in the digital age.
Power dynamics in international space law.

Political Science Research Topic Ideas for Students

Navigating politics can be overwhelming for students, given its broad nature and intersecting disciplines. With the right research topics for political science, however, this complexity transforms into an opportunity for a decent study. Our list of political science research topics ideas is designed with students in mind, focusing on engaging, relevant, and manageable themes.

Political Science Research Paper Topics for College Students

For college students, political science topics for research papers should strike a balance between complexity and approachability. With that in mind, here's a collection of college-level political topics to write about.

Leadership styles across governments.
Impact of gender roles in election campaigns.
Role of think tanks in shaping public opinion.
Studying historical revolutions and their aftermath.
Influence of socio-economic status on voting behavior.
Exploring ethical dilemmas in international relations.
Cultural diplomacy and its effectiveness.
Sovereignty disputes and their resolution.
Rise and implications of digital citizenship.
Evaluating meritocracy as a system of governance.
Role of peacekeeping operations in conflict resolution.
Comparing capitalist and socialist economies.
Decoding cyber diplomacy in the digital age.
Relationship between economic crises and political changes.
Minority rights in democratic societies.

Political Science Research Topics for University

When it comes to political topics to talk about in university, politics offers a variety of interesting options. Here's a list of captivating research ideas that are sure to get you top grades:

Political revolutions in the digital age.
Comparative study of political systems.
Effectiveness of international climate agreements.
Unraveling political consequences of economic sanctions.
Studying neocolonialism in modern economies.
Impact of income inequality on social stability.
Debating political implications of universal basic income.
Role of international courts in global governance.
Influence of cultural diversity on national policies.
Dissecting geopolitics in Arctic resource exploitation.
Understanding post-conflict reconciliation processes.
Evaluating state responses to refugee crises.
Study of civil disobedience in democratic societies.
Role of soft power in international relations.
Disentangling politics of global water disputes.

Political Science Research Topics by Subjects

Political science is a diverse field, consisting of multiple subdomains. To help you spot a fitting theme, we've organized research paper topics for political science according to these subjects. From international relations to public policy, this assortment promises a treasure trove of research opportunities just waiting to be explored.

Philosophy Political Science Research Topics

Philosophy politics research topics explore the intersection of political science and philosophical thought. These themes focus on fundamental questions, such as the purpose of politics and its effects on society. Here are a few ideas to get your started:

Relevance of Machiavelli's theories today.
Understanding justice in Plato's Republic.
Influence of Kantian ethics on governance.
Are human rights universal or culturally relative?
Interplay of liberty and equality in societies.
Exploring Hobbes' notion of social contract.
Rawls versus Nozick: theories of justice compared.
Feminist perspectives on political participation.
Role of ethics in bureaucratic institutions.
Marx's theory of capitalism: A critical review.
Foucault's perspectives on power and control.
Locke's influence on modern democracies.
Concepts of civil disobedience in Thoreau's writings.
Arendt on violence, power, and authority.
Exploring Gramsci's theory of cultural hegemony.
Derrida's deconstruction: A political tool?
Nietzsche’s perspectives on societal structure.
Understanding politics through Spinoza's lens.
Evaluating communitarianism in contemporary societies.
Habermas on communicative action in politics.

>> View more: Philosophy Paper Topics

Political Science Research Topics on Public Law

Public law is one of the most popular subdomains of political science, as it focuses on legal systems and state power. It's a domain that lets you explore how laws are formulated, implemented, and impact society. Below you can find various political research questions in public law, including constitutional issues, administrative governance, and individual rights, among others.

Role of constitution in shaping governance.
Impact of judicial activism on democracy.
Analyzing separation of powers in governments.
Free speech rights in digital platforms.
Repercussions of surveillance laws on privacy.
Comparative study of electoral laws.
Analyzing federalism in constitutional law.
Police power and civil liberties.
Effectiveness of anti-discrimination laws.
Administrative discretion: Power and accountability.
Impact of immigration laws on societies.
Understanding lawmaking process in parliamentary systems.
Role of supreme courts in constitutional interpretation.
Law enforcement and minority rights.
Legal aspects of environmental protection.
Hate speech laws and freedom of expression.
Public health laws in times of crisis.
Legal mechanisms to fight corruption.
Analyzing gun control laws across nations.
Legal challenges in the implementation of welfare policies.

>> Learn more: Law Research Topics

Research Topics in Political Science on Public Administration

Public administration is the study of how governments and other public institutions are managed. It examines their structures, operations, policies, and politics to understand how they work in practice. Here's a collection of project topics for political science on public administration worth attention:

Understanding bureaucracy in modern governance.
Role of public administrators in policy implementation.
Effect of administrative reforms on public services.
Importance of ethics in public administration.
Evaluating public financial management systems.
Role of e-governance in public service delivery.
Analyzing gender representation in public administration.
Public administration in urban planning.
Role of public-private partnerships in governance.
Crisis management strategies in public administration.
Leadership challenges in public organizations.
Role of transparency in public service delivery.
Organizational culture in public administration.
Analyzing the politics-administration dichotomy.
Decision-making processes in public organizations.
Evaluating accountability mechanisms in public administration.
Human resource challenges in public services.
Impact of corruption on public administration.
Role of citizens' participation in public administration.
Comparative study of public administration models.

Political Science Research Paper Topics on Comparative Politics

Comparative politics research topics offer a window into how different political systems operate, what works, and what needs reevaluation. It encourages you to step outside the boundaries of your local context and grasp a more global perspective on political processes. The following political essay topics and paper ideas will fit any compare and contrast essay or project.

Social welfare measures across democracies.
Examining stability in different governmental systems.
Comparative analysis of electoral mechanisms.
Impact of societal culture on governance.
Federalism versus unitary systems: A comparative study.
Scrutinizing corruption in diverse economies.
A cross-nation study of education systems.
Protection of minority rights across countries.
Comparing freedom of the press globally.
Role of armed forces in various governmental structures.
Analyzing constitutional designs across nations.
A study on decentralization efforts in different countries.
Comparative research on party systems.
Gender and leadership: A cross-country examination.
Populism in different societal contexts.
Comparative view of environmental conservation measures.
Human rights protections in different nations.
Influence of colonial history on modern governance.
Cross-national study of immigration rules.
Role of religion in different governance systems.

Political Science Research Topics on Conflict Resolution

Conflict resolution is an essential field in political science, focusing on the methods and strategies used to mitigate disputes on local, national, and international levels. It opens up opportunities to explore how peace is achieved, maintained, and sometimes lost. Below you can find political issues to write about if you want to focus on different disputes.

Peacebuilding strategies in post-war societies.
Role of diplomacy in averting conflicts.
Effectiveness of international arbitration.
Power sharing as a tool for peace.
Influence of civil society on conflict resolution.
Role of United Nations in global peacekeeping.
Mediation strategies in intra-state conflicts.
Women in peace negotiations.
Strategies for resolving territorial disputes.
Analyzing post-conflict reconciliation processes.
Impact of economic sanctions on conflict resolution.
Role of international law in conflict mitigation.
Effectiveness of non-violent resistance.
Analyzing the success of peace treaties.
Study of disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration processes.
Resolving resource-based conflicts.
Role of third parties in conflict resolution.
Approaches to addressing ethnic conflicts.
Influence of climate change on conflict resolution.
Cyber conflict resolution strategies.

Political Science Research Topics on Meditation and Negotiation

Mediation and negotiation sit at the heart of conflict resolution, focusing on peaceful strategies to address disputes and foster cooperation. These techniques find wide application in various contexts, from local disagreements to international conflicts. These interesting research topics in political science allow you to understand how these processes work in theory and practice:

Role of intermediaries in peace processes.
Strategies for successful diplomatic discussions.
Comparative analysis of negotiation techniques.
Dialogue styles in international diplomacy.
Analyzing the success of secret diplomatic talks.
Role of non-state actors in negotiation.
Gender dynamics in discussion processes.
Influence of cultural factors on dispute resolution.
Role of international organizations in diplomatic dialogues.
Arbitration in maritime territorial disputes.
Use of discussions in trade agreements.
Role of trust in successful dialogues.
Addressing power asymmetry in discussions.
Track II diplomacy in mediation.
Impact of communication technology on dispute settlement.
Role of empathy in successful negotiation.
Influence of domestic politics on international mediation..
Conflict resolution strategies in labor disputes.
Role of transparency in negotiations.
Evolution of dispute resolution techniques over time.

>> View more: Communication Research Topics

International Relations Political Research Topics

International relations explores connections among nations, the roles of sovereign states, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations, and multinational corporations. This field offers a multitude of engaging research topics ranging from issues of diplomacy, international conflict, global cooperation, to international trade. Here are some political science research ideas that focus on international relations:

Role of multinational corporations in global governance.
Cross-border environmental cooperation.
Effectiveness of international law enforcement.
Influence of globalism on sovereignty.
Impact of digital diplomacy in foreign relations.
Evolution of global power structures.
Influence of cultural diplomacy in global partnerships.
Strategies for global poverty reduction.
Understanding geopolitics in Arctic exploration.
Challenges to global health collaboration.
Role of non-state actors in global governance.
Interplay of economics and international relations.
Humanitarian interventions: A critical analysis.
Cross-border migration and its global implications.
International responses to global pandemics.
Role of international courts in justice delivery.
Diplomacy in the age of information technology.
Analyzing global disarmament efforts.
Global efforts in counter-terrorism.
Evolution of international trade agreements.

American Politics Research Paper Topics

American politics is a wide-ranging field, including issues from the local, state, to national levels. It incorporates diverse aspects like public opinion, public policy, ideological shifts, and more. The United States' unique political system offers abundant potential for research. Here are American politics research topics for your next project:

Evolution of American federalism.
Impact of Supreme Court decisions on society.
Understanding American political polarization.
Role of third parties in U.S. elections.
Influence of social movements on legislation.
Examining executive orders' effectiveness.
Shifts in public opinion on climate change.
Impact of lobbying on American health care reform.
Influence of Presidential debates on voters.
Effects of gerrymandering on electoral outcomes.
Analyzing campaign finance reform in U.S.
Role of think tanks in shaping U.S. policy.
Implications of immigration reform on U.S. economy.
Gun control debate and policy outcomes.
Social justice and law enforcement reform.
Influence of race and ethnicity on voting patterns.
Role of the media in shaping public opinion.
Analyzing the U.S. response to global pandemics.
Examination of U.S. trade policies.
Impact of technology on U.S. governance.

Government Research Paper Topics

Government is a broad field that includes many different subdomains and politics topics to discuss. It revolves around the structures, processes, and functions of governing bodies, allowing you to explore the inner workings of various political systems. Here are some useful ideas on government:

Evaluating the meritocracy in civil services.
Digitization of public services: Impact and challenges.
Understanding state surveillance: Balancing security and privacy.
Impact of decentralization on local development.
Government's role in disaster management.
Analyzing the government's role in fostering innovation.
Study on government initiatives for financial inclusion.
Role of government in mitigating income inequality.
Government strategies in promoting renewable energy.
Analysis of government responses to recessions.
Public-private partnerships in infrastructure development.
Government regulation of the gig economy.
Role of government in promoting cultural heritage.
Public sector reforms for better governance.
Government interventions in housing markets.
Assessing government transparency initiatives.
Government's role in universal health care provision.
The impact of political term limits on governance.
Government initiatives in curbing the opioid crisis.
The role of governments in combating online misinformation.

Political Science Research Questions

Research questions provide a clear direction to your studies, defining what you want to achieve. Here are some unique research questions for political science that span a wide array of sub-areas:

How does social media shape public opinion on climate change policy?
How can local governments boost civic engagement?
How does income inequality impact political participation?
How do trade policies affect domestic industries?
How do immigration laws influence national identity?
How does political advertising affect voter turnout?
How does corruption impact public trust in government?
How does gender representation in government influence policy decisions?
What role does education play in political awareness?
How does political satire influence public perception of politicians?
How have government responses to pandemics evolved over time?
How does foreign aid impact the donor-recipient relationship?
How can governments leverage technology to improve public services?
How does cybersecurity impact national defense strategies?
How do international treaties impact national sovereignty?
How do political ideologies shape foreign policy?
How can governments promote sustainable urban development?
What is the role of youth in shaping future politics?
How does political stability affect economic growth?
How does political rhetoric shape public perception of immigration?

Extra Political Science Topics for Research Papers

Although the topics for political science research papers given above should help you kickstart your project, here are a few extra ideas to make sure you write an excellent project:

Green parties' influence on environmental sustainability.
Significance of political graffiti in social movements.
Virtual reality's potential in public engagement.
Role of cognitive psychology in voter behavior.
Understanding biopolitics: control and manipulation.
Space law's implications for international cooperation.
Implications of Internet of Things (IoT) for national security.
Analysis of language used in peace treaties.
Incorporating indigenous governance in modern state systems.
Decoding humor in political satire.
Political underpinnings in fantasy literature.
Political landscapes in virtual communities.
The politics of cryptocurrency regulation.
Using machine learning to predict election outcomes.
Role of street art in political protests.
Exploring the politics of veganism.
Political dimensions of genetic engineering ethics.
Pop culture's influence on political consciousness.
Influence of climate fiction ("cli-fi") on environmental policy.
Geopolitical consequences of the commercialization of space.

Bottom Line on Political Science Topics

We did our best to provide you with an assortment of good topics for political science research paper in every subdomain. Whether you're interested in philosophy, public law, international affairs, or something else entirely – this collection should have it all. We hope that at least one of these themes motivates you to do your best work yet! Remember that you can buy coursework or any other academic paper from certified writers with solid experience.

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Introduction to Political Science Research Methods (Franco et al.)

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Josue Franco
Cuyamaca College

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Introduction to Political Science Research Methods is an Open Education Resource Textbook that surveys the research methods employed in political science. The textbook includes chapters that cover: history and development of the empirical study of politics; the scientific method; theories, hypotheses, variables, and units; conceptualization, operationalization and measurement of political concepts; elements of research design including the logic of sampling; qualitative and quantitative research methods and means of analysis; and research ethics.

ProgramPage
Table of Contents

1.1: Welcome
1.2: The Social Network of Political Science
1.3: Organization of the Book
1.4: Analyzing Journal Articles
1.5: Research Paper Project Management
1.6: Key Terms/Glossary
1.7: Summary
1.8: Review Questions
1.9: Suggestions for Further Study

2.1: Brief History of Empirical Study of Politics
2.2: The Institutional Wave
2.3: The Behavioral Wave
2.4: Currents- Qualitative versus Quantitative
2.5: Currents- Politics- Normative and Positive Views
2.6: Emerging Wave- Experimental Political Science
2.7: Emerging Wave- Big Data and Machine Learning
2.8: Key Terms/Glossary
2.9: Summary
2.10: Review Questions
2.11: Critical Thinking Questions
2.12: Suggestions for Further Study

3.1: Philosophy of Science
3.2: Whats is the Scientific Method?
3.3: Applying the Scientific Method to Political Phenomena
3.4: Key Terms/Glossary
3.5: Summary
3.6: Review Questions
3.7: Critical Thinking Questions
3.8: Suggestions for Further Reading/Study

4.1: Correlation and Causation
4.2: Theory Constrution
4.3: Generating Hypotheses from Theories
4.4: Exploring Variables
4.5: Units of Observation and Units of Analysis
4.6: Casual Modeling
4.7: Key Terms/Glossary
4.8: Critical Thinking Problems
4.9: Review Questions
4.10: Critical Thinking Questions
4.11: Critical Thinking Questions

5.1: Conceptualization in Political Science
5.2: Operationalization
5.3: Measurement
5.4: Key Terms/Glossary
5.5: Summary
5.6: Review Questions
5.7: Critical Thinking Questions
5.8: Suggestions for Further Study

6.1: Introduction- Building with a Blueprint
6.2: Types of Design- Experimental and Nonexperimental Designs
6.3: Components of Design- Sampling
6.4: Components of Design- Observations
6.5: Key Terms/Glossary
6.6: Summary
6.7: Review Questions
6.8: Critical Thinking Questions
6.9: Suggestions for Further Study

7.1: What are Qualitative Methods?
7.2: Interviews
7.3: Exploring Documentary Sources
7.4: Ethnographic Research
7.5: Case Studies
7.6: Key Terms/Glossary
7.7: Summary
7.8: Review Questions
7.9: Critical Thinking Questions
7.10: Suggestions for Further Study

8.1: What are Quantitative Methods
8.2: Making Sense of Data
8.3: Introduction to Statistical Inference and Hypothesis Testing
8.4: Interpreting Statistical Tables in Political Science Articles
8.6: Summary
8.7: Review Questions
8.8: Critical Thinking Questions
8.9: Suggestions for Further Study
8.5: Key Terms

9.1: Ethics in Political Research
9.2: Research Ethics
9.3: Navigating Qualitative Data Collection
9.4: Research Ethics in Quantitative Research
9.5: Ethically Analyzing and Sharing Co-generated Knowledge
9.6: Key Terms/Glossary
9.7: Summary
9.8: Review Questions
9.9: Critical Thinking Questions
9.10: Suggestions for Further Study

10.1: Congratulations!
10.2: The Path Forward
10.3: Frontiers of Political Science Research Methods
10.4: How to Contribute to this OER

Detailed Licensing

Thumbnail: Main Reading Room of the Library of Congress in the Thomas Jefferson Building. (Public Domain; Carol M. Highsmith via Wikipedia )

Undergraduate Program

Research opportunities.

From all accounts, getting into research is one of the more rewarding experiences students can have in college. Research can open doors - academic or career - that you hadn't imagined before. Delve into a topic and seek answers to questions of great interest to you. Establish an easy camaraderie with one of the faculty. Here's how...

Faculty-led Research

Independent study and research, honors thesis program, identifying sources of funding, publish your research.

Apprentice with a faculty member in the Undergraduate Research Apprentice Program (URAP). The URAP program provides opportunities for you to work with faculty on some cutting-edge research. Working closely with faculty, you can cultivate professional relationships, enhance your research skills, and deepen your knowledge and skills in areas of special interest. Applications are online. For a complete listing and description of research projects, check out the URAP website (external link) or stop by 5 Durant Hall.

The Geballe Research Opportunities for Undergraduates Program (GROUP) pairs faculty members and undergraduates in summer research projects. Undergraduates awarded the apprenticeships receive $2500 for the summer. For program details, please go to the GROUP website (external link) .

Think about your own research, perhaps as an independent study. In such cases, a faculty mentor can help you stay focused and develop skills in asking and answering research questions. Independent study courses within the Political Science department are numbered 99 (lower division undergraduates) or 196/199 (upper division undergraduates). Courses vary from one to four units, depending on the extensiveness of the project, and are typically taken on a Pass/Not Pass basis. During the regular academic year, forms are due the Friday of the 2nd week of classes.

NOTE : Independent study courses, field study, P/NP courses, labs, simulations, and similar non-lecture courses do not fulfill requirements in the major. A maximum of two semesters of independent study or research may be taken by a student.

Please note that these courses require a significant level of departmental approval. Read on for important enrollment details.

Independent Study/Internship forms are obtainable by e-mailing the the department's Undergraduate Advising Office at [email protected]. The forms must be instructor-signed and returned via e-mail to [email protected] no later than the deadlines given below.

PS 99 Independent Study

For lower-division students (59 or fewer units at the beginning of the relevant semester) who wish to work one-on-one with a member of the Political Science faculty on a research project.

Requirements: a minimum of 10 pages of written work for each unit of credit. Students must gauge the size of the paper they wish to write beforehand, discuss it with their faculty sponsor, and choose the number of units to enroll for accordingly. 1-4 units. Pass/Not Pass only.

Eligibility: PS 99 requires a cumulative gpa of 3.3, prior completion of at least two Political Sciences courses, and adequate background for the proposed study.

PS 199 Independent Study

For upper-division students (60 or more units completed at the beginning of the relevant semester) who wish to work one-on-one with a member of the Political Science faculty on a research project.

Eligibility: PS 199 requires a cumulative gpa of 2.0 overall and in the major,and adequate background for the proposed study.

PS 196 Independent Study

Eligibility: PS 196 requires a cumulative gpa of 2.0 overall and in the major,and adequate background for the proposed study.

Limitations on PS 196: Students cannot sign up with the same faculty sponsor twice.

Enrollment Procedure

Obtain the Independent Study form via e-mail from the Office of Undergraduate Advising at [email protected]
Complete the form and obtain your faculty sponsor's signature.
Submit the instructor-signed form to [email protected] no later than Friday at 4 pm during the 2nd week of classes (spring or fall semester) or Friday at 4 pm during the 1st week of summer classes (Summer sessions A and D).

Your Independent Study proposal will be submitted by the Undergraduate Office for departmental review. Once approved, you will be emailed a Course Control Number to enroll for the units.

Students should enroll in back-up units in case their applications are denied.

Failure to submit the form by the end of the 2nd week (or 1st week in summer) will result in the forfeiture of credit.

About 10- 15% of Political Science majors pursue an Honors Thesis. If you have a strong interest in a particular topic and would like the experience of researching and writing a long research paper, consider writing an Honors Thesis. Students who write an honors thesis enroll in a year-long seminar, PS H190A and B, and work independently with a faculty sponsor. Political Science majors who have 1) completed 90 units; 2) at least graded upper-division Political Science courses at UC Berkeley; 3) have an overall GPA of 3.3 and a minimum of 3.5 in the major are eligible to apply. For specifics, please refer to the Honors web site and consult with a Political Science undergraduate adviser.

Research and Writing Resources

These books are recommended by Dr. Terri Bimes, one of the coordinators of the Political Science Honors Program. Many of these books can be found at one of the campus libraries (external link) .

Kate L. Turabian, Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (Univ. of Chicago Press). 7th.
W. Phillips Shively, The Craft of Political Research (Prentice Hall)
Wayne C. Booth, Gregory G. Colomb, and Joseph M. Williams, The Craft of Research (Univ. of Chicago Press)
Gregory C. Scott and Stephen M. Garrison, The Political Science Student Writer's Manual (Prentice Hall)
Stephen Van Evera, Guide to Methods for Students of Political Science (Cornell University Press)
Janet Johnson, Richard Joslyn, and H.T. Reynolds, Political Science Research Methods (CQ Press)
Michael Corbett, Research Methods in Political Science (Thompson)
Stella Theodoulo and Rory O'Brien, eds., Methods for Political Inquiry (Prentice Hall)
John Creswall, Research Design (Sage)
James Carlson and Mark Hyde, Doing Empirical Political Research (Houghton Mofflin)

Various units on campus offer or administer grants, scholarships, and awards for purposes ranging from: introductory and senior thesis research, study abroad and research related travel, community and university service projects, and merit based awards acknowledging outstanding scholarship. For more information about these funding opportunities, check out the listings below.

The Charles H. Percy Undergraduate Grant for Public Affairs Research http://igs.berkeley.edu/csr/csr_percy_grant.html (external link)
Haas Scholars Program http://research.berkeley.edu/haas_scholars/ (external link)
McNair Scholars Program http://aap.berkeley.edu/mcnair.shtml (external link)
SURF: Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowships (L&S) http://research.berkeley.edu/surf/ (external link)
Florence Mason Palmer Memorial Prize http://students.berkeley.edu/finaid/undergraduates/palmerprize.htm (external link)
Owen D. Young Prize in International Relations http://students.berkeley.edu/finaid/undergraduates/youngprize.htm (external link)
Philo Sherman Bennett Prize in Political Science http://students.berkeley.edu/finaid/undergraduates/bennettprize.htm (external link)
Office of Undergraduate Research & Scholarships - Listings open to students in the Social Sciences https://research.berkeley.edu/ opportunities/discipline? field_discipline_value=Arts- Humanities-Social% 2FBehavioral+Science (external link)

The Berkeley Undergraduate Journal

The Berkeley Undergraduate Journal (external link) is dedicated to publishing the academic work of undergraduates from the Humanities, Social Sciences, and related fields at the University of California, Berkeley. Essays are selected on the basis of academic content, general interest, and clarity of writing. Papers should be 15-60 pages long, on topics that would be of interest to the generally well-educated reader. For submission instructions, applications to the all-undergraduate Editorial Board, or further information, call (510) 643-5374 or email [email protected] .

For additional research opportunities, check out this summary (external link) of campus-wide research programs or visit the Office of Undergraduate Research (external link) .

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Ethics in Political Science Research

Regulatory Practices and Practical Suggestions

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First Online: 29 November 2019
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Daniela R. Piccio 2 &
Alice Mattoni 3

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Ethical dilemmas are much more common in political science than it is commonly envisaged. In this chapter we use the tripartite division between politics, polity, and policies and discuss the specific ethical concerns of these three core areas of research in political science. Additionally, we discuss some of the current and future challenges of research ethics in the field addressing ethics issues related to the use experiments, digital media, and the adoption of research designs that rest on action research. Overall, ethics considerations have become – and will become – increasingly important also in political science.

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Piccio, D.R., Mattoni, A. (2020). Ethics in Political Science Research. In: Iphofen, R. (eds) Handbook of Research Ethics and Scientific Integrity. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76040-7_65-1

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The Department of Political Science is one of the leading centers for the study of politics in the world. Our strengths span the traditional subfields of the discipline—including American politics, comparative politics, international relations and security studies, political economy, political theory, and political methodology—and also transcend those subfields with research and teaching that incorporate computer science and AI, history, and economics. The department prepares students to be rigorous analytical thinkers, effective communicators, and engaged citizens.

The Department has an internationally-recognized graduate program and a world-class undergraduate program that includes a major, three minors, and a HASS concentration.

The Department’s research occurs within individual faculty research programs as well as a number of interdisciplinary centers and initiatives.

Learn more about Political Science at MIT through a timeline of key developments, events, and contributions.

Centers and Initiatives

MIT Center for International Studies (CIS)
MIT Security Studies Program (SSP)
MIT International Science and Technology Initiatives (MISTI)
Consortium on the American Political Economy (CAPE)
MIT Election Data + Science Lab (MEDSL)
The Global Diversity Lab at MIT (GDL)
MIT Governance Lab (GOV/LAB)
MIT Industrial Performance Center (IPC)
Political Experiments Research Lab (PERL)
Political Methodology Lab (PML)
MIT Washington DC Internship Program

2024–25 Faculty Research Projects

All positions for the 2024–25 Predoctoral Fellowship year have been filled. If you applied and did not receive an offer, please consider reapplying to the 2025–26 cohort. Check back here in Fall 2024 for an updated list of faculty projects and application deadlines.

Projects are grouped below by discipline. Click on a particular discipline of interest to jump to the relevant project(s):

Communication

Political science, project a: ai-mediated communication.

Jeff Hancock (Communication)

The Stanford Social Media Lab works on understanding psychological and interpersonal processes in AI-mediated communication . The predoctoral research fellow will work with Professor Jeff Hancock, researchers, and graduate students in the lab to conduct experiments and computational field experiments to understand the dynamics of AI-mediated communication. The position is ideal for individuals with an interest in pursuing a Ph.D. in psychology or communication seeking to gain greater familiarity and experience with research before applying to graduate schools. Please contact Sunny Liu at sunnyxliu [at] stanford.edu (sunnyxliu[at]stanford[dot]edu) if you have questions. Job responsibilities will include:

conducting data collection;
performing statistical analyses; and
designing and running experiments.

Eligibility Requirements

Familiarity with R and computational skills are highly desired.

Project B: House Rules and Polarization

Brandice Canes-Wrone (Political Science)

The US House of Representatives has shifted its internal rules over the past decades to give more control to the parties over the lawmaking process. This project will document the House and party rules over time in order to assess how they are associated with polarization of the parties, legislative productivity, and public trust in Congress. Additionally, the project will consider developments in congressional campaign finance practices and how they relate to legislative behavior.

The predoc will contribute to the development of databases, conduct literature reviews, and contribute to the data analysis. Conditional on sufficient contribution to the project, there is the possibility of co-authorship.

Some statistical/data analysis coursework or training; experience with STATA or R preferred, and a willingness to learn these statistical packages is expected; facility with Excel for database management; comfort summarizing academic articles in political science.

What you will learn

The position will enable growth in data analysis, experience with putting together scholarly articles, and a capacity to evaluate social science research.

Project C: Long-run Dynamics of Change in Ideas and Identities

Vicky Fouka (Political Science)

How do ideologies, group identities, and societal values and beliefs change during periods of economic and political transformations? This research agenda studies these changes in Europe and the US from early modernity to the 20th century, taking advantage of new data and techniques to quantify social change. The predoctoral fellow will work on two distinct, but interrelated projects. The first one relies on large text corpora (newspapers, legal, and religious texts) for tracing changes in identity and ideology that followed the Industrial Revolution in Europe, but also changes that preceded and enabled industrialization and modernization. The second project uses data from census and birth registries in Europe and the US to track identity changes of immigrant communities in their new environments, or of religious minority communities in response to economic and political change. The predoc will help with cleaning, merging, and visualizing data from different sources, and analyzing data using NLP and applied statistics methods. Some background work, such as conducting literature reviews or collecting data from historical sources, may also be required.

The ideal candidate will be proficient in STATA and/or R, have a background in applied statistics/econometrics and causal inference and be familiar with Python and text-as-data methods. The most important requirement is willingness to learn more about these methods and the substantive questions they are used to answer.

Experience in handling and analyzing large historical datasets
Familiarity with methods used to conduct empirical research at the intersection of history and social science
Exposure to scholarship on political economy, group identity and social dynamics
Exposure to the growing field of historical political economy (HPE)
Active involvement in all the steps of the research process

Project D: GeoMatch

Jens Hainmueller (Political Science)

The Immigration Policy Lab (IPL) is seeking a predoctoral fellow to assist with research associated with its GeoMatch tool, a matching algorithm that helps refugees, asylum seekers, and other immigrants find the locations where they are most likely to thrive. Within the GeoMatch portfolio, specific areas of research include testing the tool's effectiveness through randomized control trials, measuring how users interact with the tool, and exploring ways to improve the tool’s effectiveness through algorithmic and methodological innovations.The predoctoral fellow would work with IPL Faculty Directors Jens Hainmueller, David Laitin, and Jeremy Weinstein, and an active product team at IPL focused on deploying the GeoMatch tool and supporting its associated research. They would attend team meetings with the staff at IPL and the faculty team that directs the project. Example projects that the predoctoral fellow would assist with include improving the machine learning models used by GeoMatch by finding and integrating new data sources, creating usability and explainability documentation for the tool, designing and analyzing surveys on immigration location preferences, and analyzing refugee out-migration patterns within administrative datasets.

Candidates should have strong coding proficiency in R. Additional proficiency in Python would be preferred but not required. Candidates should have experience with machine learning and statistics. No specific degree is required, but candidates should have a strong technical background commonly found in economics, statistics, applied mathematics, computer science, or related fields.

Project E: Causal Inference with Panel Data

Yiqing Xu (Political Science)

This project aims to develop a causal inference toolkit for panel data, specifically designed for social science applications. Relevant examples are available on Professor Xu's website . The predoc will contribute to software development, support methodological advancements in causal inference, and assist in producing tutorials and a textbook on the subject. Additionally, the predoc will have opportunities to engage in applied research on the political economy of China. Regular weekly updates to the supervising professor are mandatory.

Solid foundation in mathematics, including linear algebra and probability theory
Completion of intermediate-level courses in econometrics or statistics
Ability to comprehend original research in applied statistics or econometrics
Proficiency in programming (e.g., R, Python, or C)
Proficiency in English, both spoken and written

Desirable (but not required)

Experience in IMO or IPhO
Familiarity with Github repository management
Fluency in Chinese, both spoken and written
Enhanced understanding of causal inference
Development of Stata, R, & Python packages
Advanced data analysis and simulation techniques
Engagement in political economy research on China

Project F: Motivations for Intergenerational Contact

Laura Carstensen (Psychology)

There has been a sudden and dramatic shift in age distribution in the global population. Whereas a century ago, only 5 % of the population in the United States was over 65, today, there are roughly the same number of five-year-olds and 65-year-olds. Age diversity is a novel resource, yet age segregation limits potentially productive exchanges and relationships. Several projects in my laboratory explore intergenerational relationships within families, workplaces, and neighborhoods. A full-time predoc can be integrated into all of these projects.

The Life-span Development Lab within the Department of Psychology at Stanford University is seeking a highly motivated and organized individual to join our team as a full-time Lab Manager. As the Lab Manager, you will play a crucial role in supporting ongoing research projects and ensuring the smooth operation of the lab. Responsibilities include managing day-to-day activities, overseeing participant recruitment, coordinating research protocols, and maintaining a well-organized and efficient work environment.

The ideal candidate will have a strong background in psychology, excellent organizational and communication skills, and the ability to work collaboratively with a diverse team of researchers. Previous experience in a research setting, familiarity with psychology, and proficiency in basic statistics and relevant software are highly desirable.

Basic familiarity with statistics, data entry, and data analysis

Project G: How the Infant Brain Processes Food Rewards

Cameron Ellis (Psychology)

Predocs are invited to apply for a new project in the Scaffolding of Cognition team focused on how the infant brain supports reinforcement learning and cognitive control. Reinforcement learning is a type of learning that orients behavior towards maximizing reward (e.g., physical comfort, food). Cognitive control is the exertion of mental effort to facilitate goal-directed behavior and inhibit undesirable behavior. Infants are capable of both reinforcement learning and cognitive control, yet how their brains support these capacities remains unknown. In this project, we wish to study how the infant brain responds to the most potent reward they regularly experience: food. Additionally, we will ask how infants can inhibit a response when there is no reward. We will conduct functional magnetic resonance imaging while infants are awake and watching a video screen. They will be given a pacifier that can supply milk. We will then time the delivery of milk to events on the screen they are watching so that they can learn to associate the delivery of milk with the stimuli. This will allow us to measure how the brain processes rewards and whether it predicts upcoming rewards. In other conditions, sucking will not lead to reward, and thus, they are expected to learn to withhold sucking in these contexts.

The position is ideal for individuals who wish to gain experience that will prepare them for a Ph.D. in Cognitive Neuroscience. Candidates with undergraduate degrees outside of Psychology and Neuroscience who nonetheless have the appropriate skills will be considered closely.

The predoc's responsibilities will be to construct the food delivery pump, pilot its use, and conduct experiments testing the neural response to food rewards. Developing the pump will require substantial technical and practical skill; however, I will closely guide them throughout this process.

As part of the technical skills, the candidate is expected to be familiar with programming (e.g., MATLAB, Python, high-performance computing), as evidenced by class work or independent research. Additional desirable qualities include statistical rigor, neuroimaging experience, and familiarity with office tools (e.g., MS Office, Slack). Finally, candidates must show initiative, problem-solving skills, and excellent communication.

The successful candidate is unlikely to have all of the skills listed above; however, it is expected that by the end of their time, they will have advanced skills in each of these domains.

Project H: Measuring, Modeling, and Improving Data Visualization Literacy

Judith Fan (Psychology)

Scientists use data visualizations to make new discoveries and communicate their findings to the public. So it is important for everyone to be able to understand data visualizations (and not just professional scientists!). The catch is that researchers are still figuring out how a person’s brain changes as they learn these skills and how to measure these changes reliably. Our project will contribute to this effort by developing improved measures to test different theories of data visualization literacy, with the longer-term goal of improving how core data literacy skills are taught. If you join us, you can expect to be closely involved in designing & conducting the behavioral studies to test existing & new measures of data visualization literacy, as well as coordinate with our partner organizations.

The Cognitive Tools Lab generally looks for prospective lab members who have a positive attitude, strong motivation, scientific curiosity, and willingness to quickly/independently learn new things. For more information, please visit our lab website .

Data analysis and statistical reasoning
Web programming for developing behavioral experiments
Maintaining reproducible research workflows
Professional communication and organizational skills

Project I: Causality in Cognition

Tobias Gerstenberg (Psychology)

The Causality in Cognition Lab (CiCL) studies how the mind learns to represent the causal structure of the world, and how we use this knowledge to predict what will happen, explain what happened, and hold others responsible for the consequences of their actions. In our research, we formalize people’s mental models as computational models that yield quantitative predictions about a wide range of situations. To test these predictions, we use a combination of large-scale online experiments, interactive experiments in the lab, and eye-tracking experiments. The predoc will help with developing computational models, designing and running online and eye-tracking experiments, analyzing and visualizing data, and preparing conference presentations and manuscripts. Find out more about what we do, what we value, and how to join us .

Project J: Investigating Cognitive Development during Early Childhood Using an Online, Scalable, Meta-Science Platform

Hyowon Gweon (Psychology)

The Social Learning Lab in the Department of Psychology at Stanford University is accepting applications for the IRiSS Predoctoral Research Fellowship. The selected predoc will assist with empirical research investigating the cognitive underpinnings of social cognition and communication. Research in the Social Learning Lab asks: How do humans communicate with others by reasoning about their own and others’ mental states, and how does this ability develop in early childhood? To answer these questions we conduct in-person research with adults and children, both in-person (in lab, at partner museums, and at local nursery schools) and online (e.g., Prolific, Zoom, Lookit). This position will offer a great opportunity for prospective PhD students in Cognitive Science and Cognitive Development (Psychology) to gain the expertise and experience critical for a successful application, and sharpen their research interests.

In the Social Learning Lab, the predoc will have the following responsibilities:

supporting data collection for developmental experiments on online platforms (eg., Lookit) and analyzing the data using automated gaze-coding software, both of which require fluency with JavaScript and Python;
assisting with data-collection for in-person or live-on-Zoom developmental experiments, which requires being comfortable interacting with families and conducting developmental studies with preschool-aged children;
aiding in stimuli design, qualitative data coding, quantitative data analysis as well as other aspects of the empirical research process;
depending on the fellow’s expertise and interest, there may be opportunities to engage in developing experiments for adults in VR environments.

A BA or BS degree in Psychology, Cognitive Science, Computer Science, or a related field is required. Programming experience (e.g., R, Python, Javascript) is preferred. In the selection process, we will consider all aspects of the applicant’s qualifications, including (but not limited to):

general quantitative skills for data analysis (e.g., multilevel linear regression);
technical skills necessary for the main tasks (e.g., fluency in Python, JavaScript, R);
experience interacting with children and families;
prior research experience in cognitive science & cognitive development;
organizational and communicative skills;
the ability to work independently and in teams.

We also expect the successful candidate to show initiative to learn (both from others and by self-teaching) and demonstrate a clear motivation for engaging in cognitive development research.

The predoctoral fellow will work closely with a postdoc / PhD student and the PI. Through working on research projects, the fellow will gain experience in all aspects of the research process, including but not limited to: designing and programming studies, participant recruitment, data collection, qualitative behavioral coding from video recordings, and quantitative data analysis; these experiences will offer opportunities to acquire and strengthen various technical skills such as R, Matlab, Python, HTML, JavaScript, and video editing software. As one of the core members of the lab, the fellow will benefit from departmental seminars and lab meetings as well as other informal learning opportunities such as regular meetings with the PI and other lab members. The fellow may be able to audit or take courses that are relevant to the research projects and their interests. These opportunities as well as other social events will provide a supportive environment for the fellow’s intellectual and professional development.

Project K: Psychology, Race, and the Real World

Jordan Starck (Psychology)

This predoctoral position will have the opportunity to work on two research programs. The primary program seeks to evaluate how the representations and motivations of one of our partner organizations, Black Girls Code, are perceived by different key constituents, including current and prospective clients from their target client demographic and potential funders. We plan to accomplish this in at least two ways. First, we will build on Dr. Ellen Markman's findings that the linguistic formulations often used to indicate equivalence between two groups can actually backfire. Specifically, subject-complement statements such as "girls are as good at math as boys," lead people to believe that boys are actually naturally more skilled in math than are girls. For Black Girls Code, this raises the possibility that hearing the name of the organization may tacitly prompt them to believe that White boys are the standard when it comes to coding. We will assess whether this perception occurs, the impact of this possible perception, and strategies to address it among client and partner populations. Second, we will build on Dr. Jordan Starck's findings that the reasons organizations provide for why they commit to issues regarding diversity, equity, and inclusion, can have diverging impacts on Black and White Americans' perceptions of the organization. While instrumental reasons based on the benefits embracing diversity can provide (e.g., maximizing human capital, boosting employee retention, developing creative team outputs) are particularly appealing among White Americans and make them feel like they will gain greater value, feel greater belonging, and experience greater identity safety there, the opposite tends to be true among Black Americans. For Black Americans, moral reasons focused on the values and principles undergirding diversity commitments are associated with these better outcomes. As such, organizations striving to appeal to diverse stakeholders are in a conundrum in determining how to effectively communicate about the motivations driving their commitments. We will explore the implications of, and possible strategies to address, this conundrum in the case of Black Girls Code.

Depending on the predoctoral scholar's interests and skillset, they may have the opportunity to pursue an additional line of work related to racial inequality in media, education, or the law.

Strong applicants will have had some prior experience conducting social science research, including designing and implementing experiments and observational studies. They will also have some experience with quantitative and qualitative analyses. Familiarity with psychological research regarding race, prejudice, intergroup relations, and inequality is required. They will also have some proficiency in SPSS or R for statistical analyses.

Predoctoral scholars can expect to gain substantial experience in designing and conducting experiments and observational studies, quantitative and qualitative analyses, literature reviews, and managing research partnerships with professional organizations. They may also gain experience with scientific writing.

Project L: Gentrification and Residential Instability in Oakland, CA

Jackelyn Hwang (Sociology)

This project will examine how gentrification and declining housing affordability affect residential instability in the city of Oakland, CA. The project is in partnership with the City of Oakland's Department of Housing and Community Development. The project involves analyzing patterns of residential displacement, financial instability, and housing conditions and assessing a homelessness prevention pilot program through large-scale consumer data, program applications, surveys, interviews, and focus groups. The predoc’s primary responsibilities will be managing and analyzing datasets, producing deliverables for policymakers and broader public audiences, and coordinating data collection. Additionally, the predoc will work closely with project partners to help apply the findings of the research towards the evaluation and improvement of housing policy interventions. Tasks related to data management include documentation, data merges, measures, coding, and analysis, and the predoc will direct undergraduate and graduate students working with these data. The predoc will also prepare data visualizations for academic and non-academic deliverables and write reports and other translation pieces to communicate results to partners, practitioners, and broader public audiences. The predoc will also have opportunities to contribute to academic deliverables stemming from this project. Prof. Hwang will work closely with and mentor the predoc through weekly individual meetings, weekly team meetings with all undergraduate and graduate students working on the project, partner meetings, and frequent communication via slack/email.

Ideal candidates will have strong communication and organizational skills, prior background on social science research design, and experience with qualitative coding (e.g., NVivo) and statistical software (e.g., R).

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Graduate funding opportunities.

There are multiple funding opportunities available to graduate students in the Department of Political Science, detailed below. Please contact the Graduate Chair, Dr. Ingrid Haas , with questions.

Graduate Teaching Assistant positions

All Ph.D. applicants are considered for GTA positions at the time of application. GTA positions come with a stipend (currently $18,036 for the academic year), tuition remission, and subsidized health insurance. Students have the opportunity to serve as TA for faculty and/or teach their own independent courses. We do not currently have GTA positions available for MA students in the department. International students may be required to complete the Institute for International Teaching Assistants (ITA) at UNL prior to being assigned to a teaching position.

Graduate Research Assistant positions

Some of our students are funded as Graduate Research Assistants, typically by faculty research grants. These opportunities are available on an ad hoc basis depending on faculty funding.

Graduate Fellowships

At the time of application, we also consider eligible M.A. and Ph.D. students for available fellowships from the College of Arts and Sciences (CAS) and the Office of Graduate Studies (OGS). No additional application is needed. This typically includes Othmer Fellowships (PhD students), CAS Dean's Fellowships (PhD students), and Edgren Tuition Fellowships (MA students). More information on the OGS Fellowships is available at: https://graduate.unl.edu/funding/fellowships

Current graduate students may also be eligible for other Graduate Fellowships from OGS, also detailed here: https://graduate.unl.edu/funding/fellowships . Students must be nominated for these by the faculty, so current students are encouraged to discuss these with their PhD advisor and/or the Graduate Chair.

Conference Travel Funding

The department typically supports some conference travel for graduate students. Students can apply for departmental travel awards through the Graduate Chair. Other travel awards are available from OGS: https://graduate.unl.edu/funding/travel-awards and through the Graduate Student Assembly (GSA): https://www.unl.edu/gsa/graduate-travel-awards-program-gtap

Summer Research Fellowships

The department also supports student research in summer months through Summer Research Fellowships. Applications for these awards are typically accepted in Spring Semester and reviewed by the Graduate Committee. Typical awards are around $2000.

Summer Teaching Opportunities

Ph.D. students who have completed a M.A. degree are eligible to apply for summer teaching opportunities in the department. The Graduate Chair takes applications for these positions during Spring Semester.

For additional information:

UNL Tuition and Fees: https://studentaccounts.unl.edu/tuition-fees

UNL Office of Scholarships and Financial Aid: https://financialaid.unl.edu/

OGS Info on Tuition and Fees: https://graduate.unl.edu/admissions/tuition

OGS Application Fee Waivers: https://graduate.unl.edu/admissions/requirements#appfee

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May 13, 2024

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Psychological research offers strategies for healthy political discussions among people with opposing views

by American Psychological Association

Civilized political debates may seem increasingly out of reach as democracies across the world face rising polarization, but people still want to discuss issues with people they disagree with—especially those who present themselves as balanced and willing to seek solutions that work for everyone or open to learning new information, according to two studies published by the American Psychological Association.

One study, published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , examines how U.S. politicians and ordinary Americans with opposing political beliefs could share their ideas on divisive issues in a way that improved respect regardless of political party.

While reviewing a video series featuring real-world politicians solving political dilemmas designed to help voters evaluate the thoughtfulness of political candidates, researchers realized that the videos made viewers from the opposing party more open to learning about the politicians' platform. They found this was because the videos made the politicians look balanced and pragmatic, two key characteristics of wise decision-makers.

"It's easy for us to think about members of both parties as being completely biased in favor of their side. But what happens so much of the time is that people talk past each other or show more interest in pointing out the ridiculous things the other side is doing rather than actually finding solutions," said co-author Curtis Puryear, Ph.D., a post-doctoral researcher in the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University.

"Our findings suggest that if you show you care about understanding the other side's concerns, it goes a long way towards fostering respect."

Puryear and co-author Kurt Gray, Ph.D., of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, conducted eight experiments with more than 3,500 participants to test the effectiveness of political messages that relied on balanced pragmatism, an approach to conflict that focuses on showing concern for both sides' interests while prioritizing practical solutions.

In one experiment, 505 Americans from different political parties evaluated a series of posts on the social media platform X by members of the U.S. House of Representatives. From a sample of more than 50,000 posts made by the representatives' official accounts, the researchers selected 120 posts that discussed political issues without criticizing the opposing party and varied in how balanced and pragmatic each post was.

Each participant evaluated 30 posts, rating them based on how balanced and pragmatic each post seemed, the post's overall tone, how divisive the post seemed, how much they respected the politician and how interested they would be in hearing more about the politician's point of view.

The researchers found that posts that combined balance with pragmatism were the most likely to increase participants' respect for a politician and their willingness to engage with them. Posts in which a politician mainly expressed a desire to find effective solutions improved participants' respect regardless of party, but this was not as effective at garnering respect compared with politicians who also presented a balanced view of an issue.

The benefits of balanced pragmatism for fostering respect were even more pronounced for posts discussing highly divisive issues, like immigration and abortion.

"Logical analyses and strong arguments can make us see someone as competent, which is a trait we value in leaders and friends," said Puryear. "But people also want leaders who understand their constituents, who care about their concerns, and have the practical knowledge to find solutions. These are the qualities of balanced and pragmatic leaders."

In another experiment, researchers focused on whether ordinary Americans could also use balanced pragmatism to improve their political conversations. They recruited 211 Democrats in favor of decreasing deportations of undocumented immigrants and 85 Republicans in favor of increasing deportations. The participants were shown four comments written by participants in a previous experiment who argued their position on deportation using either balanced pragmatism or logical reasoning.

Overall, people were just as likely to say they wanted to have a conversation with someone who disagreed with their views on immigration when that person appeared balanced and pragmatic as they were to say they wanted to talk with someone from their own political party.

While it can be difficult for people to present their views on a divisive issue in a way that respects an opposing viewpoint and looks for a common solution, it could help solve the rising political animosity that we are facing, Puryear said.

"Being balanced and pragmatic takes effort," he said. "But it is like building any other habit: Changing how we approach politics takes commitment and practice. We can each take it upon ourselves to do that."

Another study, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , found that people could be willing to discuss controversial topics, such as gender-neutral language, with people who had opposing views when both express intellectual humility.

Intellectual humility is the recognition that your knowledge has limits and your beliefs could be wrong. It does not mean that someone who is intellectually humble is insecure or that they don't have informed opinions, only that they are willing to acknowledge that they do not know everything.

"Intellectual humility could be an important aspect when trying to understand how to help people engage in these discussions on divisive issues," said the study's lead author, Larissa Knöchelmann, MSc, a research fellow and advanced Ph.D. student at Philipps-Universität Marburg. "Political discussions are important for a democratic society. When people have conversations, they can learn about new perspectives, reduce misunderstandings and work together."

The researchers conducted four experiments with more than 1,600 participants. In one experiment, they asked 451 Germans about their beliefs regarding the COVID-19 vaccine and whether it should be mandatory, a highly polarized debate in Germany when the experiment was conducted.

They were then asked to imagine an online meeting with a new neighbor whose views on vaccination were either the same as or contrary to theirs. They also saw a statement from their neighbor that indicated whether controversial discussions were "boring" because the neighbor felt they knew enough about the topic already or "exciting" because it was an opportunity to learn more.

The researchers found that intellectually humble participants had warmer feelings and more positive evaluations toward groups of people with different political opinions.

Additionally, intellectual humility shaped whether participants were willing to interact with others or not. While non-humble participants would rather talk with someone who shared their opinion, intellectually humble participants did not discriminate between those having the same or a contrary opinion.

Overall, intellectually humble conversation partners were approached more and avoided less because participants perceived them as more likable and the respective conversation as more calm, comfortable and open.

"Many German citizens have the impression that open political debates and an exchange of opinions are not possible anymore. This is especially the case when it comes to emotionally charged political topics," said Knöchelmann. "Our research now shows that intellectual humility can help to make people more willing to engage with others."

Curtis Puryear et al, Using "Balanced Pragmatism" in Political Discussions Increases Cross-Partisan Respect, PsyArXiv (2021). DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/yhpdt

Journal information: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

Provided by American Psychological Association

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FEATURING Robert Lawrence and Dustin Tingley

51 minutes and 01 seconds.

Populism—the political term that describes a group of self-described “common people” who oppose a group of elites—has turned up in what for many is an unexpected place: the push for a worldwide transition to clean energy. Even though clean energy measures are vital to preventing the most catastrophic consequences of the manmade global climate crisis, they are encountering pushback from multiple sources, ranging from local citizens groups to cost-conscious consumers to self-styled conservationists to right-wing politicians to corporate boardrooms. Harvard Kennedy School Professor Robert Z. Lawrence and Professor Dustin Tingley from Harvard’s Department of Government say a number of forces are shaping the new clean energy pushback, including genuine popular resentment in some communities left over from economic transitions like the loss of manufacturing jobs due to globalization. Robert Lawrence is a former member of the President's Council of Economic Advisers and an economist affiliated with the Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government who studies trade policy. Dustin Tingley of Harvard's Faculty of Arts and Sciences is a political scientist researching the politics of the climate crisis and is co-author of the new book “Uncertain Futures: How to Unlock the Climate Impasse.” With time running out for the world to make significant reductions in fossil fuel use, they join PolicyCast host Ralph Ranalli to discuss strategies and policy ideas to keep the momentum going toward a sustainable energy future.

Episode Notes

Robert Z. Lawrence is the Albert L. Williams Professor of International Trade and Investment at HKS, affiliated with the Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government. He is also a Senior Fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics, and a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research. His research focuses on trade policy and he currently serves as Faculty Chair of The Practice of Trade Policy executive program at Harvard Kennedy School. He served as a member of the President's Council of Economic Advisers from 1998 to 2000 and has also been a Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution. He is the author or co-author of numerous books, including “Crimes and Punishments? Retaliation under the WTO;” “Regionalism, Multilateralism and Deeper Integration;” and “Can America Compete?” Lawrence has served on the advisory boards of the Congressional Budget Office, the Overseas Development Council, and the Presidential Commission on United States-Pacific Trade and Investment Policy. He earned his PhD in economics at Yale University.

Dustin Tingley of Harvard's Faculty of Arts and Sciences is a Professor of Government in the Harvard Department of Government and Deputy Vice Provost for Advances in Learning. His research has spanned international relations, international political economy, climate change, causal inference, data science/machine learning, and digital education, with most focus now on the politics of climate change and energy transitions. His new book with Alex Gazmararian, “Uncertain Futures: How to Unlock the Climate Impasse,” was published with Cambridge University Press. The book features the voices of those on the front lines of the energy transition—a commissioner in Carbon County deciding whether to welcome wind, executives at energy companies searching for solutions, mayors and unions in Minnesota battling for local jobs, and fairgoers in coal country navigating their community's uncertain future. His book on American foreign policy with Helen Milner, "Sailing the Water's Edge," was published in fall 2015, and was awarded the Gladys M. Kammerer Award for the best book published in the field of U.S. national policy. He teaches courses on the politics of climate change and the environment, data science, and international relations. In the fall of 2023 he is teaching a new course called Energy at Harvard Business School. He received a PhD in Politics from Princeton and BA from the University of Rochester.

Ralph Ranalli of the HKS Office of Communications and Public Affairs is the host, producer, and editor of HKS PolicyCast. A former journalist, public television producer, and entrepreneur, he holds an AB in Political Science from UCLA and an MS in Journalism from Columbia University.

Editorial support for PolicyCast is provided by Nora Delaney , Robert O’Neill , and James Smith of the HKS Office of Communications and Public Affairs. Design and graphics support is provided by Lydia Rosenberg , Delane Meadows , and the OCPA Design Team. Social media promotion and support is provided by Natalie Montaner and the OCPA Digital Team.

Preroll: PolicyCast explores research-based policy solutions to the big problems we’re facing in our society and our world. This podcast is a production of the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.

Intro (Robert Lawrence): People are seeing what's happening to their environment in a palpable way, and I think they need to be reminded that they are custodians of this world, and in sense what they care about because a lot of these people, a lot of what's driving populism is a concern about people's children and their future. And you need to tap into that when you talk about climate change because what this is about is preserving the world as we know it, and that's why we love it, in order to be sustainable. So I think that's a pitch that isn't stressed enough to relate it directly to people and what they are concerned about.

Intro (Dustin Tingley): So I sometimes ask my students: Electricity transmission is a big part of this, and we need to get the electricity from where the renewables are really good to where we actually use the electricity. Now to do that, we've got to build high voltage, direct current lines, really big ones. Not your telephone pole electricity distribution, I mean, these are the big guys, and I ask them—these are students who are scared about climate change, they want to do something in the world, they're getting going—"How many of you would want that in your backyard or within a kilometer even?" You don't get many volunteers. And so I think we have to start with the fact that some of these things are disruptive.

Intro (Ralph Ranalli): Hi, it’s Ralph Ranalli. Welcome back to the Harvard Kennedy School PolicyCast. Populism is a funny word. When you say it out loud, it sounds like it should mean something good or beneficial. It comes from the Latin term “populus,” or “the people,” the same root that gave us words like “public,” “popular,” “publish,” and “population.” It first appeared in politics in the late 19th Century, when it was adopted by an alliance of reform-minded farmers in the American Midwest. The Populist Party advocated for economic democracy, as well as electoral, banking, land, and monetary reforms. Its proposals include many things we now take for granted: a graduated income tax, secret-ballot elections, and the direct election of U.S. Senators. But things took a darker turn after that. While the original populists did oppose the financial and political elites of the Gilded Age, populism would come to connote not only a conflict between the ordinary people and the elites, but also the manipulation of the populus by demagogues and other elites who stoked popular anger to advance their own ends. And now that darker version of populism as popped up in what for many is an unexpected place: the push for a worldwide transition to clean energy to prevent the most catastrophic consequences of the manmade global climate crisis. Clean energy measures are encountering pushback from multiple sources ranging from local citizens groups, to cost-conscious consumers, to self-styled conservationists, to right-wing politicians, and to corporate boardrooms. My guests today, Harvard Kennedy School Professor Robert Z. Lawrence and Professor Dustin Tingley from Harvard’s Department of Government, have been studying this phenomenon, it’s root causes, and ways to address it. Robert Lawrence is a former member of the President's Council of Economic Advisers and an economist who studies trade policy. Dustin Tingley is a political scientist researching the politics of the climate crisis and co-author of the new book “Uncertain Futures: How to Unlock the Climate Impasse.” They say a number of forces are shaping the new clean energy pushback, including genuine popular resentment in some communities left over from economic transitions like the loss of manufacturing jobs due to globalization. With time running out for the world to make significant reductions in fossil fuel use, they’re here to discuss strategies and policy ideas to keep the momentum going toward a sustainable energy future.

Ralph Ranalli: Dustin, Robert, welcome to PolicyCast.

Robert Z. Lawrence: Thank you.

Dustin Tingley: Hey, thanks for having us.

Ralph Ranalli: So I'm generally a pretty upbeat person, but I find myself being sorely tested when I tackle this subject of anti-clean-energy populism. It’s just hard to fathom people actively working against saving the planet we live on. But I think before we start, we should go over some definitions, because I'm not sure that everybody knows what populism is exactly, and what we mean by the term climate populism. Robert, would you like to start? What is populism?

Robert Z. Lawrence: Well, it's a very complex phenomenon, often used for a variety of different political situations. But I would say characteristics of populism are firstly the idea that the society is split between an elite and the common people. That's a major feature. Second is that the elite is pursuing its own interest as opposed to that of the common people. And so what we have are leaders who now either get elected or get power in order to advance the interests of what they define as the real nation, or the real people, as opposed to everybody who lives in a particular country.

Ralph Ranalli: So what do we mean then when we talk about climate populism, Dustin?

Dustin Tingley: Yeah, I think what we mean by climate populism is that the pursuit of goals related to the reduction of the climate threat are being pursued by elites at the detriment of the broader public. The broader set of constituencies that they have. And this can take the form of a variety of things; just making things more expensive. When you make energy more expensive and you're a hardworking person who is having difficulty making ends meet, then that starts to hit … it starts to hit home. And the sort of backlash against climate policy that we're speaking about today, it's real and it is lived through the experience of people and is egged on by populist leaders who will claim that they are not the elite, that they're just out to save the common person, the common family. And sadly, at the end of the day, this wraps up into opposing policies that are designed to make everyone better off in the longer term, but that in the short term can pose some real costs. And so how political leaders can navigate that tension is the million-dollar question of the day.

Ralph Ranalli: There are various sources of this climate pushback. Can you talk a little bit about that, about the places its coming from?

Dustin Tingley: Yeah, I think there are at least a couple different buckets and then Robert, of course, will have thoughts here. I think one source of pushback is when it comes to policies that have a very direct impact on communities that historically have been producing energy products that are used by the rest. And so this is a type of pushback that would come from regions that historically have producing coal. And so when you talk to folks in those regions. They'll say, "Hey, what gives? We have powered the rest of the country on our backs. We have lived through miserable working conditions, black lung disease, so on and so forth, and now you're coming along and you're putting us out of work and you've got nothing for us."

And so that is one type of pushback that is in a sense highly geographically and economically targeted. There's a second type of pushback, at least, that is much more diffuse, which is your canonical the price of gas, the price of electricity, the price of living is going up due to your elite climate policies. So one is very concentrated, it's oftentimes geographically concentrated, and later we can talk about strategies to unlock that, and then the other one is much more diffuse that would apply to many people. That's one way that we might be able to think about that. There are definitely others that Robert can speak to.

Robert Z. Lawrence: No, I agree with that distinction. I also think that the whole issue of climate change is almost ideally designed for a populist agenda. The first thing is we are being told by the experts, by the scientists, that we have to do this. We have to curtail our emissions of CO₂. So this is not the politics of choice or volition. This is the politics of they are telling us exactly what we have to do, and so we have to accept science. And we saw in the experience of COVID, how certain groups of people reacted when they were told to take vaccines or wear masks. So that's one dimension I think that makes this kind of an ideal, say, topic for populist leaders.

The second thing is that generally, we're myopic in the sense that it’s hard to mobilize a society to implement policies that are going to pay off over the long run. Now just think about what we're talking about with climate change. We're saying you need to adopt this policy to avoid something that is going to take place in the long run. And indeed, if you do, you may never know that your policies actually succeeded. So showing tangible evidence that the policies themselves are working is very difficult and it takes persuasion. So I'd say that's a second dimension.

And then just a third is that this also when we are talking about climate populists here, those who are against tend to be on the right. You see, for people on the left, we said populism has this division. And there's an elite and there are the people. The left looks at what's going on and says, “Well, the elite is actually holding back action on climate change because it is the corporations who benefit from fossil fuel production that are promoting resistance. On the other hand, it's the ordinary people who are being hurt by the climate change policies.” So because the left in a sense approaches this particular division in that way, they actually are quite supportive of populism.

Ralph Ranalli: Right. The definition of who is in the elite group is in the eye of the beholder. To me that’s always been the interesting paradox of populism: When the so-called common people rebel against a certain elite, they do so at the urging of—and to the benefit of—a different elite. On the right, they’re demonizing scientific and governing elites, while on the left they’re saying, “No, the elites you need to watch out for are the financial elites, the people who are still getting rich from fossil fuels.” But partisan polarization aside, I think it’s fair to say the scientific consensus now is that the consequences for the future livability of the earth for future generations will be very dire if we don’t take make significant progress on the clean energy transition soon, so it’s important to know exactly where the opposition to that progress is coming from. I’ve read that you can roughly put the opposition into three baskets. First, there are local governments and communities where you have opposition to economic policies or land use policies, like siting power lines or wind farms. Then there are corporations that benefit from the existing fossil fuel infrastructure. And when we talk about the political right in the United States we’re talking about the Republican Party, which has lumped urgent energy transition measures in with everything else they dismiss as “woke.” How do you fight this battle on all those fronts?

Dustin Tingley: Well, I think there's one starting point—and it is a starting point that isn't necessarily as familiar maybe to some elites as it should be—which is to recognize and have a conversation about where are there more or less legitimate concerns? So I sometimes ask my students: You know electricity transmission is a big part of this; we need to get the electricity from where the renewables are really good to where we actually use the electricity. Now to do that, we've got to build high voltage, direct current lines, really big ones. Not your telephone pole electricity distribution, I mean, these are the big guys, and I ask them—these are students who are scared about climate change, they want to do something in the world, they're getting going—"How many of you would want that in your backyard or within a kilometer even?" You don't get many volunteers.

And so I think we have to start with the fact that some of these things are disruptive and that is not then a statement of, well, we should just concede and not proceed with figuring out how to build renewables and transmission. But it is starting with a premise that there are in some of these cases, legitimate concerns. And that is something that I think is important to do, because it's taking away the elite narrative. Because it is very easy to say, well, the elite doesn't have to have these electricity cables, or they don't have to look at the wind turbines. They only benefit from the net proceeds. So I think that's one example.

A second example, again, more addressing the local opposition side. We can talk about some of these other groups as well. There's a common refrain, I already said it, but I'll just reinforce it, that the benefits of all of this new renewable energy, electricity... That the benefits all go to the other side, whatever the other side is. They all go to the elites, they all go to the cities on the coast, is a sort of one way to think about it. So when you talk with folks from Wyoming, and that will be something that comes up. Where are the benefits for us? Where are the direct benefits? In the words of economics, where are our rents from this? And I think that that's a very reasonable conversation to have. I think it becomes challenging because quite frankly, not all green energy companies are the savior heroes. There can be evil corporations on any side of this. So having real conversations about where do the economic benefits of these things flow?

Robert Z. Lawrence: And I think when it comes to who's going to benefit, the politicians, and I think the Biden administration would be a prime example, they actually don't have much faith in selling the policy as a climate policy. When President Biden wants to talk about climate change, he wants to talk about the jobs. He has to accentuate some other positive benefit. And when they have designed the policies, it's quite remarkable how, as a byproduct of fighting climate change, there are incentives in the program. You get four times as much if you pay union wages, you should be locating in energy communities, or poor communities. He's trying to achieve climate justice. He's trying to remedy the past—by the way, we don't like being dependent on the Chinese for all of the technology and for the electric vehicles. So we need to enhance our competitiveness. So what we have is the climate policy on itself by itself isn't really being sold purely as a climate measure, but rather has all these other efforts at forming coalitions, so that we'll get some support for the policy.

And there tends to be a tendency to accentuate the positive and not really to have the adequate programs in place for those who are genuinely hurt. Because that's a downer. And I think politicians don't like talking about that. But we saw the experience with international trade, that when we had disruptive trade, say with China, inadequate policies in place to take care of those who are hurt. And not being able to do that can really result in antagonism and ultimately opposition. And our whole country and advanced countries have moved in a protectionist direction, I think partly because of inadequate policies. And Dustin's done a lot of good work on how we could make those policies more effective.

Ralph Ranalli: We've been through this before with the so-called China shock and the loss of manufacturing jobs in the American heartland. There are communities who are saying, "Look, fool us once, shame on you, fool us twice, shame on us," because the policies to mitigate the economic damage caused by the loss of those manufacturing jobs were not adequate. And Dustin, you define this as what you call a credibility problem. Can you talk a bit about that concept of a credibility problem: Where it comes from, and maybe how we can start to move toward restoring some of that lost faith?

Dustin Tingley: Yeah, sure. I'm going deconstruct this into two separate pieces. The first one is what Robert brought up, which I just want to hammer home, and then I'm going to get to the more kind of the credibility problem side of it.

So the first one is that when we had these shocks from opening up to international trade, and we had mechanisms to compensate the "losers", the reality was there just wasn't much there. These were slivers put in as if say, "Hey, you might lose your job, but it'll be okay." And then when the sort of policy came through, it was like, "Oh, well here's some worker retraining money. And oh, by the way, you need to get a job working anyways while you're getting retrained because how else are you going to pay the bills at home?" And then a lot of this money was only being targeted at individuals rather than thinking more holistically about investments in communities. And why did they do that? They didn't have the money. And so just the paltry amounts of investment into this then led to these feelings of despair, hope, decline in hope, and ultimately many communities just really still being in a very hard place. So that's one bucket.

The second is what we call more of a credibility problem. That's the idea that I, as a political administration, could say, "Look, I'm passing some policy now that I know is going to hurt you" to say, for example, a traditional fossil fuel community. "And I recognize that. And so what I'm going to do is I'm going to try to get some investment. I might do it through what the Biden administration's doing by saying, "Oh, I'm going to give extra tax credits if you invest in this area," so on and so forth. But here's the problem. These things are taking place over time. They are not some right-away snapshot thing. We make an investment and the next year everything's fine. This is decades long transitions that we're talking about. So the credibility problem is that I could say that to you right now: "Hey, I'm going to make some investments in you, but two years from now, if I'm still in power as that politician, well my priorities well could have changed. There could be other communities and people that I want to help. Or you know what? I might get booted out of office and someone else could come in and they've got their own problems or priorities, et cetera." And so the credibility problem ultimately is that it is hard for me to make long-term commitments that last into the future because when the future arrives, my preferences, my incentives might have changed.

And this is a canonical problem in politics and political economy. But in a setting like this where we're talking about these long-term transitions that require sustained investment over long periods of time, that's really hard for politics and politicians to get right and be able to credibly commit. And that's a challenge. And so, I think it's really important to recognize that communities have gone through these sorts of things. So in some of my book we talk about the Pacific Northwest and timber. I was largely raised in tobacco country in North Carolina. My dad's family is from West Virginia. They have seen all of these things over time. And so this climate stuff is just, just another rodeo.

Ralph Ranalli: You did a lot of survey work in Appalachia, including West Virginia, where your dad is from. What concerns did the people in those the surveys have?

Dustin Tingley: A systematic lack of trust that the government commitments to see them through and make them whole would actually follow through. They also had hope and a very strong sense of: "We're good people, we're hard workers, we're smart, but the deck of cards being dealt to us isn't even giving us a chance." So I think that was definitely one theme that came through. I'll tell you something I didn't see as much of as you might think. You didn't see this... You got opposition to the science and the elitism, but you'd also then get pulled aside and say, "Look, I know climate change is happening. I'm a hunter." But because the messaging is so elite and so these prestigious scientists, there's this like, "No, I've got to reject them. I've got to reject them." Even though these are smart folks, these are naturalists. And you see a lot of that.

Robert Z. Lawrence: So I would like to add onto what Dustin has said. One of the things he said was we're not allocating enough resources to help the losers. And this is particularly the case in the United States, where our federal system has a huge problem of directing resources to place-based policies, which are inherently at the state or the county level. And if you look at how much money we spend in total, its a pittance of what is required. So we traditionally leave this up to the states in the same way as we make local communities pay for their own schooling. And when we're talking about climate change or any one of these adjustments where the benefits are accruing to the nation, and in the case of climate change to the world, then these losers are expected somehow to find the resources to look after themselves. And basically, that's I think part of our problem.

If you look at other societies, Scandinavia and elsewhere, where they have active labor market policies, they do much better, in a sense, helping those losers. And they're devoting a hugely large amount of resources to help people adjust to change. So I think that's a very fundamental issue that is sort of uniquely American. So the way we try to sell these policies, and the way we've done it actually in climate change is to define what an energy community is, so that it includes almost a third of the whole country or more. And they're all now energy communities. They're entitled to get these tax breaks, and that kind of is the way you'll get it through Congress, but it's not the way you will focus enough resources in helping the people who really need it. So prioritization in our federal government is virtually impossible.

Ralph Ranalli: How much is the federal government helping the states and local communities fund these place-based responses?

Robert Z. Lawrence: We have an economic development agency that provides, I would say a maximum about $4 or $5 billion. And the states themselves, the estimates are, spending $50 or $60 billion in trying to do these place-based policies. So it just gives you an order of magnitude difference. And yet you would say if you're taking something like international trade where the benefits accrue to the nation and the redistribution therefore should be by the nation, it's just inadequate.

Ralph Ranalli: So what's the consequence for the world if the United States—which should be a leader on climate—doesn't get this right? US credibility is important for the worldwide effort on the green energy transition, especially because while developed countries have issues, the developing world has a set of issues that are even tougher. They don't have the resources that the developed world does to tackle these tough problems.

Dustin Tingley: Well, we've got a real credibility problem on our hands when it comes to helping the developing world. So just to give you some examples, the Paris Agreement—which is one of the more recent climate agreements—a big part of that was a commitment to send $100 billion per year to developing countries to aid in their own climate and energy transitions. All right, fast-forward. How are we doing? How are we doing not so well? A lot of that money is coming in the form of loans and we're not coming close to hitting those targets. And that's not just the US; a number of countries are struggling to meet those commitments. So then you go and talk to these countries, and I have a little bit of research here, and you sort of ask, "Well, yeah, so how's it going?" And they'll say, "We've got no money. Our interest rate context is through the roof. To install renewables, that's an upfront capital expenditure.

I mean, it's neat and terrifying about renewables. You make the upfront capital expenditure and then you get pretty really cheap energy after. But you got to have that upfront capital, so the interest rates are hitting them even harder. And by the way, all of all those promises that you made us, you're not carrying through on. So you know what we're going to do? Well, we'll go into renewables where it makes sense, but we're going to take advantage of burning our coal and burning our oil and doing whatever it is." Of course.

Robert Z. Lawrence: What we see is that the most adverse effects of climate change are on the poor countries in the world. So they are being expected to bear the biggest... I mean they are going to have to do adaptation, and their adaptation challenges are much larger than those of the rich countries. But in terms of emissions, with the exception of China, the bulk of the emissions are coming from advanced countries, from rich countries.

And so, from the standpoint of the typical developing country; you are asking me to take steps to mitigate, to try to limit my amount of CO2 emissions, which is going to hinder my ability to grow economically. You are not giving me any money to compensate me either for the money I have to pay in order to do that mitigation, and particularly, where's the money that's going to help me adapt to the mess coming from the advanced countries? Our earlier discussion was of the United States and how we can compensate the losers, but this problem is even larger when it comes to the global issue where the brunt of the burdens are on these poor countries.

And in a way, the only real... I think there are only two real ways in which you're going to change the behavior of the poor countries. One is there's got to be technological improvement so that actually it makes economic sense for them to go green. So green power has to become cheaper than brown power. And we're not quite there yet. There are some places where we are, but you have to make advances really in that area for them to come on board. The second thing is that you need to show them how they can benefit from helping in the green transition, so that when we look around the world, what we see is a huge amount of minerals, which are located in many places that don't have the resources to exploit them, but are vital, say for things like batteries and other kinds of inputs. We have the ability to use forests as sinks. So if we could have a system where we paid them to do that, they could then see it's in their economic interest actually to contribute to the world's mitigation challenges.

So I think that's very important, because that'll galvanize them to actually see this as compatible with their long-term strategies. So when we take a technology like solar panels, which are very labor-intensive, and we say, "Well, these should be made in the United States with huge subsidies," we are depriving in a sense, developing countries from specializing in products in which they have a natural advantage. So I actually think our trade protection is hindering. We talk about friend-shoring, but we really need to look after our friends in a sense and invest in their minerals so that we and they benefit.

Ralph Ranalli: Again, that's a tough political sell, though. It doesn't sell quite as well as: "We're going to build a factory here in your town as part of the Inflation Reduction Act." It's our major climate legislation and the word climate wasn't even in it. It was sold as inflation reduction.

So bringing it back United States on a more local scale, is this a situation where well-designed policies can change hearts and minds and counter this trend towards populism? Perhaps with a from-the-bottom-up versus a top-down approach?

Dustin Tingley: So in some sense, that's the $100 million dollar question that certainly the Biden administration is pretty hopeful that the answer to that is yes. I think there are some things that really hinge on the phrase "well-designed policies," that make that more or less likely. Robert already spoke to one of them, which is, if we have policies that take these investments and so spread them out that the places who actually really need them really aren't getting all that much, then that doesn't sound like a very well-designed thing that's going to change a lot of hearts and minds. I think a second thing is making sure that, to the extent these investments are happening, they're actually good investments that are to the benefit of the communities that they are being located in. And when you get an investment where, yes, there might be some prevailing wage requirements, this sort of thing, but the companies themselves are kind of monkeying with the numbers, the average salary versus the median salary such that if you get some well-paid CEOs, it drags that number up, but you look at what the rank and file are getting, it's a different story that becomes pretty concerning. That doesn't sound like that great of investment, even if the outcome is making batteries or something that's good for the environment. So I think there needs to be sustained attention on making sure that these investments are being made, and that there's accountability, quite frankly. So if you are benefiting from a tax incentive and you are found to not having met the conditions of that tax incentive, there needs to be consequences. And guess, right now, lo and behold, some of those consequences are like, "Oh, you just have to pay the back wages." Well, I mean, come on. That doesn't sound overly well-intentioned.

And this is something that there is a tendency right now in US discourse, to do a couple things. One is to make all potential climate policy that we're interested in thinking about be through the lens of the Inflation Reduction Act. And I think that's fundamentally a mistake. And it's a mistake for a couple of reasons. One is the political sort of motivations of the Inflation Reduction Act, that is to say, how you got it done and through Congress then meant that it was sort of... I don't know what the right expression is, a sort of Christmas tree of policies where there's all these different ornaments on it, and for all sorts of different objectives. And that then that can make it hard. The second, Robert already mentioned, which is we've got to be really careful about the extent to which we're jettisoning the affordances and the advantages of a more open trade system. I completely understand why there are incentives to bulk up our ability to make our own solar panels, or be more independent, et cetera. The reality is cheap solar panels from China has been a boon to saving the planet. You can't run away from that. Now politically, as you said, it's a tough pill. The third is there are policy opportunities or changes that could happen. They need to happen likely through Congress, that we can think a lot more that would start to address some of the local community ability to tap into the advantages and benefits of things like renewable energy. I'll give you just one, it's something that I've been working on as have others.

So there's a lot of federal land in this country, especially out west. On federal land if you are extracting oil, gas, coal, other minerals, and you're leasing your land from the federal government through the Bureau of Land Management, etc., that money goes back into the US Treasury. And then a huge chunk of it goes back to the state and surrounding counties and communities of that federal land that's for oil, gas, coal and mineral resources. Under current law, if you locate a renewable energy site on federal land, the money that is say the lease, other things that are generated from that, that all stays with the Feds. And the reason is literally in the legislation, it is written that for oil and gas, this is how much has to go back to the communities. And it just has not, in some sense been updated to do that. Now that's money that's going back to these communities, and there are a couple of congresspersons that have proposed changes to this, but in a dysfunctional congress, it's hard to get through, and there's some complexities about how this would score with a Congressional budget office.

But nonetheless, there are things that are smaller, aren't the big signature legislation, but there are vehicles that in some senses could in principle counter some of this populist rhetoric. No, no, the federal government is getting this money back to your community. And the reality is the renewable energy developers love this. The communities and the association of counties in our country, they love this because it's getting money back to them. But it's not going to be through this one legislative vehicle of the IRA, which oh, by the way is in the cross-hairs of a future Republican administration. So I think it's important to think more holistically about what are all the other levers that we can do and leverage that can chip away at this climate-populist opposition side of this?

Robert Z. Lawrence: Let me, if I may start with your question, which had to do with kind of the narrative. How are we going to convince people that this is an important issue? And I also think that is a very important question. I think this whole issue has to be couched in terms that are relevant to the people you're speaking to. And so what do they care about? I mean, Dustin mentioned earlier, hunters. People are seeing what's happening to their environment in a big way, and I think they need to be reminded that they are custodians of this world, and in sense what they care about because a lot of these people, a lot of what's driving populism is a concern about people's children and their future. And you need to tap into that when you talk about climate change because what this is about is preserving the world as we know it, and that's why we love it, in order to be sustainable. So I think that's a pitch that isn't stressed enough to relate it directly to people and what they are concerned about.

At the same time, I'm quite depressed, because this issue has become so politically polarized. So we're all seeing around us, this evidence of climate change. Everybody knows this—those who are in favor of these policies and those who are against. But for those who are against, it seems that we have become two tribes. We have a Republican tribe and a Democratic tribe. And the Republican tribe have defined themselves and put a huge priority in being against climate change policies, as the Democratic side has done the opposite. And so people may oppose these policies because they feel it's not part of their tribe, it's not part of the positions they were supposed to be taking in order to keep in line with their party members. And that's why I’m kind of pessimistic that the narratives that I was describing are really going to change people's behavior. I think at the end of the day, it's going to have to be a huge investment in technology that literally makes taking action for climate change the smart thing to do. And that's why people will buy... When electric vehicles are cheaper than combustion engine ones, they'll be buying the electric vehicles and it doesn't matter what they believe about the future. And so I would take much more of the money that we're currently allocating to encourage people to buy technologies that are going to become obsolete and use it to promote research into finding those cheaper alternatives. I think that's a crucial thing.

I think another is that we don't allow... The future for these communities who have been hurt does not necessarily rely in energy. The wind and the sun are not the places necessarily where the coal came from, or the oil came from, or the natural gas came from. For some places, yes, they have a future in energy, but many don't. And so you need to go down to the local level and work with the community in a strategy which is unique to their circumstances and in which they have ownership. And so, it has to be developed by the communities themselves. In Europe, they try to do this with just transitional plans that go down to the local level, and Brussels kind of tries to orchestrate them. The United States has made some progress, but has taken the coward's way out, and that is rather than put a price on carbon and tax it, we have subsidized people to invest in renewables. Now what does that mean? Well, you can say, look, it's just as good if you pay for the renewable as if you penalize the CO2 emitting technology or product. But there is a huge difference, because in the one case, if you use a tax, the government lands up with money. In another case, where's the money coming from? Well, we've pushed it down the road, and so our federal debt is going to grow with our climate change policies, and then we're going to have to figure out how to finance that debt. And that's been pushed out into the future. By contrast, if you use a tax, you can then take the money, and some countries in Europe have done it, Switzerland's done it, and European countries are free to do it. They've raised money through a tax, and now they can have a green dividend in which they give the money back to the citizens so that the citizens on average are not made worse off, and those who conserve do even better. So there is a mechanism there, but you've got to start with the tax, and you've got to put the price on carbon. And I think that's where unfortunately, the United States policies are a failure.

Ralph Ranalli: Robert, well, thank you because you anticipated my final question, which was for some concrete policy recommendations, you just gave us some good ones. Dustin, I want to throw it back to you. If all of a sudden there were a bipartisan committee of Republicans and Democrats who came to you and said: “OK, we’ve agreed that despite our differences we must address the climate crisis, so please give us a couple of policy recommendations that you would prioritize in the near term,” what would they be?

Dustin Tingley: Yeah, so I think one already mentioned, let's figure out the public finance challenge that states and communities are going to face. In Wyoming, 40 to 50% of the state budget is coming from taxes from the extraction of fossil fuels. So we get rid of all that. What the heck are they going to do? Right now, some of my earlier comments about we'll be able to raise some money through taxing renewables, but in those contexts and certainly more than we currently are, but there's a range of things that can be thought about. And those are local public goods. Those are the football stadiums. Those are the libraries, the sort of glue, the social fabric of a lot of places that is going to be hit. So I think we need to systematically take a good look at that.

The proposal for a carbon tax. I am in the camp of like, yeah, we need to get there for political reasons. We've been hard-pressed to, I have this sneaking hope that all the inefficiencies of this industrial policy and the amount of money it's going to cost to keep doing it is going to kind of wake people up. It might be Republicans to say, "All right, well, given that we jump started this green energy economy with this industrial policy, we can't sustain that, so maybe we should get this carbon price back on the table." Because you know what? At one point it was back on the table, or it was on the table. We just couldn't take advantage of it. And so maybe there's a way, our meandering way to a carbon price in the future is something that I would love to help do that. I think there needs to be more transparency such that when we do have these green investments in communities, that they're actually good and that these companies are playing by the rules and making them be green investments.

At the same time, this is less of a policy thing, but I would implore these companies to get involved with their communities. I'll give you a little story based on just some recent research data I collected with some undergraduates here at Harvard. We went out to a sample of counties throughout the United States that had mixtures of fossil fuel extraction and renewable energy in the mix, and we looked at who sponsored the county fair. Who sponsored the county fair? Maybe all of our listeners don't know what a county fair is, but I'll tell you what a county fair was, for me, which was you go and there's a livestock display. I grew up a little bit more rural, but whatever, it doesn't matter. It's the county fair. The county gets together. We barely found any renewable energy companies sponsoring. And we found loads of fossil fuel companies sponsoring. So that's kind of a message for this new industry to, in some senses, take the playbook of the earlier oil and gas and fossil sector about, well, how are they investing in these communities? So that's less of a policy solution and more of a real business strategy sort of thing that needs to be part of it.

The final one is, and this is going to connect up with Robert's commentary about research into new technologies. And I don't think it's just a research thing, because we need to scale the innovation, but we also need to have a way to scale the production of that in ways that are efficient. So some of it will be here, some of it can be overseas, and we can do that in partnership. I also think that that helps speak to things like technology transfer to developing countries. We could make investments here in the United States, building, inventing, scaling the production of green energy technologies, some of which would be deployed overseas as part of our commitments to these other countries, and working with them to figure out how that can then further scale their production of similar things. And you know what's good about that? That still involves American companies. That still involves American companies that can be a part of that larger harnessing of new technologies. And that's good politically, and it would be good for the planet.

Robert Z. Lawrence: Let me just add on. If we really place a priority on decarbonization, we want, take the renewables power to be available, the components to be available as cheaply as possible because that's going to encourage the diffusion and use in the United States. So what have we done? We have at the moment, a 25% tariff on imported steel. Think about a wind turbine. It's like the tower with a propeller on it. It uses a huge amount of steel and aluminum and metals. But we've raised the cost of that. Now, the steel tariffs exist for their own purposes. I don't think they're a good idea at all. However, at a minimum, I would exempt the importation of the steel that is used in wind turbines.

Take solar panels. There again, we actually have put very large tariffs on those solar panels that come from China. The Chinese companies have moved to other parts of the world and we're buying from them. But again, we have to look at each of these items and ask, is there a national security risk? Is there an alternative in other countries which would be cheaper? But instead, we have a policy that is obsessed with creating more jobs in the United States at a time when our economy is totally at full employment. So what scares today is not jobs. It's people. So there's completely a win-win option that would involve us buying cheaper components for renewables than the one we've been following.

Ralph Ranalli: Great. Well, I want to thank you both for being here. It's been a very interesting conversation and let's hope that someone's out there listening to these great policy recommendations.

Dustin Tingley: It's great to be here. Thank you.

Robert Z. Lawrence: Thanks. Thank you very much.

Outro (Ralph Ranalli): Thanks for listening. If you haven’t already, please subscribe to PolicyCast on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or your favorite podcast app so you don’t miss a single episode. And please leave us a review while you’re there.

Editorial support for PolicyCast is provided by Nora Delaney, Robert O’Neill, and Jim Smith of the Harvard Kennedy School Office of Communications and Public Affairs. Design support is provided by Laura King and Delane Meadows. Our social media management is provided by Natalie Montaner. If you’d like to learn more about PolicyCast or explore previous episodes, please visit our home page at hks.harvard.edu/policycast. And until next time, remember to speak bravely, and listen generously.

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Celebrating family firsts and resourcefulness in the Class of 2024

Lynn larabi, crystal marshall, and jason chu all entered penn as first-generation college undergraduates and the children of immigrants and pursued different paths: political science, film, and finance and accounting..

Lynn Larabi recalls that growing up in Northeast Philadelphia some of her earliest school memories involved students at the local library looking over her writing assignments, at her parents’ request. A few years later, her mother—who works at the local elementary school—paid the favor forward by offering Larabi’s help with homework to younger students. Larabi says this emphasized for her the cyclical nature of public service and community involvement.

“I’ve developed a passion for education policy and a passion for workforce development because you really see that spaces like libraries and community centers are needed for families like my own,” she says, in reference to the Free Library of Philadelphia, considering her parents—immigrants from Morocco—faced a language barrier and didn’t attend college. Larabi, a fourth-year student in the College of Arts and Sciences , channeled these passions into a political science major, public service internships, and community engagement.

She also says that observing her father’s experiences as a taxi driver has shaped her views of labor rights. Abderrahim Larabi says he has kept his “Penn Dad” hat in his car for the past four years, and that he’s a lucky dad to have her as his daughter.

“She works hard,” he says, saying she made his dreams of higher education and community impact come true. “In her, I see myself. She is my eyes. What she’s going through, it’s like I am going through.”

Larabi is among the one-in-five members of Class of 2024 who are first-generation college students, according to Penn First Plus . The resource hub uses this term for students whose parents or guardians did not complete a bachelor’s degree.

First-generation students at Penn have a diversity of interests and accomplishments, but from childhood through university they share some attributes and experiences: Resourcefulness in seeking out information, the navigation of unspoken social norms and the implications of generational wealth and, especially in the case of second-generation immigrants, self-imposed pressure to make the most of opportunities their parents provided.

Those in the Class of 2024 navigated all this on top of the unusual experience of beginning college remotely, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

“We’re a population that is sprinkled everywhere. We all have different talents, different skills,” says Larabi, who, as president of the First-Generation/Low-Income Dean’s Advisory Board , surveyed students involved in athletics, Greek life, music, and more. “It’s an identity that you honor because it is a triumph to be at an institution like Penn as a first-generation student, and it’s up to us to have a community and have a support system.”

Her resilience as a first-generation student gave her the guts to start a pop-rock band, Menagerie . She says starting it alongside a group of friends has allowed her to show the Penn community that students of a variety of musical backgrounds and experiences can unite under a shared desire to perform and produce music.

Larabi says one of her favorite experiences at Penn has been her involvement in Ase Academy , a mentorship group for Black middle and high school students from West Philadelphia. “I am one of two mentors from Philly who is involved in this program, and that’s important to me because it’s almost like getting a chance to serve as a mirror to versions of my younger self that I didn’t have,” she says.

Larabi says she always believed in public service and the power of policy to enact change. She learned about the importance of local government interning at the White House Office of Intergovernmental Affairs , saw how to uplift youth as a United Nations Foundation intern, and saw her faith in public service increase serving as a campaign fellow for U.S. Rep. Gabe Amo of Rhode Island, also a child of African immigrants.

One of nine Thouron Scholars , Larabi is headed to the University of Oxford to pursue a master’s degree in evidence-based social intervention and policy evaluation.

Studying representation in films and festivals

As a communication major with a minor in cinema and media studies, Crystal Marshall says she began to have questions in film classes about who she was watching and why. Taking a course her second year on Black joy—with Chaz Antoine Barracks, an Annenberg School for Communication postdoctoral fellow at the time—provided further direction.

For the final paper for an independent study her third year, supervised by former Annenberg postdoctoral fellow Perry B. Johnson and funded by the Center for Undergraduate Research and Fellowships , Marshall examined the film canon, which she describes as a “subset of films people expect you to see to give yourself a degree of credibility.” Looking at lists from entertainment outlets, she found “there were very few films by women, very few films by women of color, and almost no films by Black women, so that was very concerning to me.”

She says going to the Cannes Film Festival last summer changed her life and she subsequently “went down a film festival rabbit hole,” volunteering at BlackStar Film Festival in Philadelphia and attending the Philadelphia Film Festival. She was co-director for this year’s Bifocal Film Festival, Penn’s first student-led film festival, and is co-president of Monolith Arts Collective, a group dedicated to showcasing the work of Black artists in West Philadelphia.

Marshall, who is a lso a Thouron Scholar , will pursue a master’s degree in film programming and curating at the University of London, Birbek. She says she also hopes to continue screenwriting.

With parents who immigrated from Jamaica and didn’t go to college, Marshall, who is from Miami Gardens, Florida, says it was a big deal when she applied for the Thouron Award. She says being a first-generation student comes with a great deal of self-imposed pressure and she felt a sense of, “What did my parents come to this country for if I wasn’t going to go to college and be successful?”

Expressing his pride, her father, Leroy Marshall says, “she has strength and perseverance and here she is.” Seeing her matriculate, he says, “is remarkable.”

“UPenn was the last letter she got in that mail, and everybody was just screaming; we were jumping, and we were shouting. It was great,” recalls her mother, Claudett Marshall. She says at the time she wondered, “Can Crystal manage by herself? How is it going to work?”

Marshall has been working in the Penn First Plus office since the fall of her second year and says she didn’t realize the expansiveness of the first-generation and limited-income (FGLI) identity until working there. “FGLI is something that’s an applicable term even outside of the college setting because it is a big reality for people entering tight-knit industries like entertainment in particular,” she says, noting the industry is also competitive and full of people whose parents worked in entertainment.

First-generation advocacy and research

Jason Chu says a lot of people in his hometown of Sachse, Texas, never left the state, that there was the precedent of going to the local community college and getting a job in the Dallas area. But Chu says going to accounting competitions in high school and seeing students from other schools made him realize he should start looking outwards.

“When I was a sophomore, a senior at my school had gotten into Penn, and he was the first person who had gotten into an Ivy in a while, so that was kind of a mind-blowing moment,” says Chu, a Wharton School student with concentrations in finance and accounting. He searched for top business schools and says he also realized that Penn had a strong FGLI community with a lot of resources.

Chu, who is headed into investment banking in San Francisco after graduation, became a mentee in Penn First Plus’s Pre-First Year Program, Wharton’s Successful Transition & Empowerment Program , and the PEER Mentoring Program , helping Asian and Pacific-Islander students adjust to life at Penn. He went on to join the Wharton Undergraduate Society of Accounting, Wharton Asia Exchange, and Phi Chi Theta, a business fraternity.

Chu says he is passionate about sharing the first-generation experience and says peers may not understand his experience of working a job every semester—and sometimes multiple jobs—to pay rent and expenses.

Having been on the receiving end of help for a while, he says that once he could give back he sought out first-generation spaces. He became involved with Seven|Eight , a Penn community for first-generation Asian American and Pacific Islander students, and 1vyG, the country’s largest summit for FGLI students. Penn hosted the conference last year.

Chu’s honors thesis focuses on how first-generation students fare in the workplace after graduating. “First-generation students are a very understudied area in academia,” Chu says. “A lot of the research is centered around how these students do transitioning into college and how they do getting a job, but there’s kind of a drop-off in understanding how they do long-term, which was my goal.”

He says of his own experience, “I think being a first-generation student at Penn specifically, at an elite institution, is coming to realize the privilege that a person holds. I think coming to Penn I realized how much more power I have relative to the people I grew up with, and I’m trying to understand the best way to harness that toward helping the same people.”

His father, Minh Chu, says he always encouraged his children to at least get a four-year degree, that it will help them down the line and make looking for a job easier. He and Jason’s mother, Jade Tiuong, immigrated from Vietnam. They told Jason they would try to support him the best they could and are “very, very, very happy that four years passed and he’s about to graduate. He has grown so much, and I’m very proud,” Minh Chu says.

Class of 2025 relishes time together at Hey Day

students working with clay slabs at a table

Arts, Humanities, & Social Sciences

Picturing artistic pursuits

Hundreds of undergraduates take classes in the fine arts each semester, among them painting and drawing, ceramics and sculpture, printmaking and animation, photography and videography. The courses, through the School of Arts & Sciences and the Stuart Weitzman School of Design, give students the opportunity to immerse themselves in an art form in a collaborative way.

interim president larry jameson at solar panel ribbon cutting

Penn celebrates operation and benefits of largest solar power project in Pennsylvania

Solar production has begun at the Great Cove I and II facilities in central Pennsylvania, the equivalent of powering 70% of the electricity demand from Penn’s academic campus and health system in the Philadelphia area.

Education, Business, & Law

Investing in future teachers and educational leaders

The Empowerment Through Education Scholarship Program at Penn’s Graduate School of Education is helping to prepare and retain teachers and educational leaders.

barbara earl thomas with seth parker woods

‘The Illuminated Body’ fuses color, light, and sound

A new Arthur Ross Gallery exhibition of work by artist Barbara Earl Thomas features cut-paper portraits reminiscent of stained glass and an immersive installation constructed with intricately cut material lit from behind.

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Top 100 Political Science Project Topics [Updated]
Explore top 100 political science project topics from traditional to emerging areas and considerations for impactful research. ... privacy, and confidentiality when selecting project topics. Ensure that research projects adhere to ethical guidelines and protect the rights and well-being of participants. See also Top 12 Interesting Blockchain ...
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800 Political Science Research Paper Topics
Political Science Research Paper Topics. This page provides a comprehensive list of political science research paper topics, carefully curated to assist students pursuing studies in the field of political science. Covering a wide array of categories, these topics offer a wealth of options for research and exploration.
Political Science Research Topics
Top 10 Political Science Research Paper Topics. 1. Building Government Capacity to Address Global Environmental Challenges. Complex tradeoffs are part of environmental policy, especially in the 21st Century. Green technology investments can boost the economy and create jobs.
PDF Research in political science: An Undergraduate guide
A Guide to Writing Research Projects in Graduate Political Science Courses helped establish my foundation for conducting research in political science. A tea-stained, crumpled up version of Enterline's guide served as my most essential resource while a graduate student. As a professor, Enterline's guide has become an essential teaching tool ...
Current Projects
The Security and Political Economy (SPEC) Lab conducts interdisciplinary, policy-relevant research on issues at the intersection of climate change, security, and economic development. These research projects provide opportunities for undergraduate students to develop data science and other research skills and apply them directly to the policy ...
PDF A Guide to Writing Research Projects in Graduate Political Science Courses
1.2 Version 1.0. The following Guide to Writing a Research Project in Graduate Political Science Courses (hereafter The Guide) was originally developed for the graduate-level seminar (PSCI 5820) taught during spring semester 2005 in the Department of Political Science at the University of North Texas.
Undergraduate Research Opportunities: Department of Political Science
Take advantage of several exciting research opportunities, ranging from collaboration with faculty to engaging in your own research. Political Science Department Opportunities. Farrell Fellowship In our competitive research mentorship program, Political Science majors work alongside professors on faculty-generated research projects. As paid ...
PDF GUIDE TO POLITICAL SCIENCE RESEARCH
for students in Political Science and other so-cial sciences, getting involved in research may not be as clear-cut as finding a lab to work in. There are two broad paths to get started in po-litical science research: (1) assist faculty mem-bers with their ongoing research or (2) begin your own independent research project. Gen-
The SAGE Handbook of Research Methods in Political Science and
The SAGE Handbook of Research Methods in Political Science and International Relations offers a comprehensive overview of research processes in social science — from the ideation and design of research projects, through the construction of theoretical arguments, to conceptualization, measurement, & data collection, and quantitative & qualitative empirical analysis — exposited through 65 ...
340 Political Science Research Topics & Ideas for Your Paper
Current Research Topics in Political Science. Political science is a progressing field, so the problems you research will always be relevant. Our list of up-to-date topics of political science will help you make sure your paper is on point. Artificial intelligence in global governance.
PDF A Guide to Developing and Writing Research Papers in Political Science
The Six Parts of a Research Paper. A research paper in political science typically has 6 parts: (1) Introduction, (2) Literature review, (3) Theory, (4) Research Design, (5) Analysis, and (6) Conclusion/ Discussion. While papers do vary in their construction, that variation usually finds a way to embrace these 6 parts.
Political Science Research Methods in Action
Through accounts from innovative research projects by world-leading political scientists, this volume offers a unique perspective on research methodology. It discusses the practical and intellectual dilemmas researchers face throughout the research process in a wide range of fields from implicit attitude testing to media analysis and interviews.
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76154. Josue Franco. Cuyamaca College. Introduction to Political Science Research Methods is an Open Education Resource Textbook that surveys the research methods employed in political science. The textbook includes chapters that cover: history and development of the empirical study of politics; the scientific method; theories, hypotheses ...
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Research and Writing Resources. These books are recommended by Dr. Terri Bimes, one of the coordinators of the Political Science Honors Program. Many of these books can be found at one of the campus libraries (external link). Kate L. Turabian, Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (Univ. of Chicago Press). 7th.
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ABOUT PEW RESEARCH CENTER Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions.
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A recent overview of research ethics frameworks in Europe (Piccio 2016), for example, has shown that research projects in political science departments do not generally require ethical clearance by Research Ethics Committees (RECs). With the exception of the United Kingdom and the Nordic countries, ethical scrutiny bodies introduced at ...
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CSAP funds are available for up to $5,000 for research projects, or up to $5,000 for conferences or other types of events (special lecture, panel, or book events), held at Yale during the academic year. ... We will be introducing a new ISPS/CSAP research grant program for Political Science PhD students in the field of American politics to take ...
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The American Political Science Association awards grants, fellowships, and scholarships with the aim of advancing education and research in political science. These include grants to support scholarly research, grants to support civic engagement programming, collaborative projects on teaching political science, and research projects aimed at ...
About MIT Political Science
The Department of Political Science is one of the leading centers for the study of politics in the world. Our strengths span the traditional subfields of the discipline—including American politics, comparative politics, international relations and security studies, political economy, political theory, and political methodology—and also ...
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Political Science Research Topics What we have here is analysis and an in-depth study of processes that relate to politics. A scientist can approach certain event and study cause-and-effect of an issue, study political leader personality or write reflection essay about police officers behavior that have bias towards African American teenagers or those that wear a hood.
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2) The Literature Review. • Focus on scholarly (peer-reviewed) sources: instructors will usually provide guidelines to let you know the minimum number of books and peer-reviewed articles. • The lit review is both the hardest and easiest part of a research proposal. o It's easiest in the sense that it's pretty easy to do a search on ...
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POL S 500 A: Political Research Design And Analysis
Major quantitative methods of empirical research in political science. Primary emphasis on research design, data collection, data analysis, and use of computers. Skip to main content ... Department of Political Science University of Washington 101 Gowen Hall, Box 353530 Seattle, WA 98195. Phone: (206) 543-2780 Fax: (206) 685-2146 [email protected] ...
Graduate Funding Opportunities
University of Nebraska-Lincoln 511 Oldfather Hall Lincoln, NE 68588-0328 Phone : (402) 472-2343 Fax : (402) 472-8192. This is a social sciences area of
Psychological research offers strategies for healthy political
In one experiment, 505 Americans from different political parties evaluated a series of posts on the social media platform X by members of the U.S. House of Representatives.
The populism of self-destruction: How better policy can blunt the anti
HKS Professor Robert Z. Lawrence and Harvard Professor Dustin Tingley say better economic policies can boost clean energy projects in communities that oppose or are wary of them. Populism—the political term that describes a group of self-described "common people" who oppose a group of elites ...
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Furman University has a rich history of producing graduates who excel in fields such as law, public policy, nonprofits and government. The Riley Institute, named after Richard W. Riley, former Secretary of Education under President Bill Clinton, was founded in 1999 at Furman University.Riley himself graduated from Furman in 1954 with a bachelor's degree in political science.
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Dr. Virginia (Ginny) Lee Lussier is a distinguished alumna of the Department of Government and Politics, having received both her master's degree and her Ph.D. from the department. She is now a professor emerita of political science at the California State University at Northridge. In her time at GVPT, Lussier worked with Dr. Jonathan Wilkenfeld as a graduate assistant, served as a Maryland ...
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Topics & Ideas: Comparative Politics

Topics & Ideas: International Relations

Tops & Ideas: Public Administration

Topics & Ideas: Public Policy

Examples: Politics Dissertations & Theses

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Political Science Research Paper Topics

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2. Influence of Social Movements and Advocacy Groups on Policymaking

3. Effect of an Interdependent World on the Roles of Governments and Institutions

4. Prosperity and Equality Through Public Policy

5. Factors Influencing Policymaking Around Taxes, Regulation, and Trade

6. Influence of Gender, Race, Class, and Other Aspects of Identity on Policymaking

7. The Role of Government in Providing Affordable Healthcare

8. Mitigating Cyber Breaches And Security Challenges Through Policymaking

9. Harnessing Data for Good Governance

10. Regulating Disinformation In the United States Through Public Policy

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