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The Ph.D (Law) programme offers candidates an opportunity to contribute to the academic field in their chosen areas of study. ​As a part of the programme, candidates are also provided an opportunity to teach or participate in ongoing research at NLSIU, in areas related to their dissertation, allowing for deeper integration with the NLSIU community and providing diverse feedback opportunities.

Related Videos

Watch videos on the programme here .

Eligibility for Ph.D. (Law)

The following candidates shall be eligible to apply for the Ph.D. (Law) programme:

a) Candidates having a 5-year/ 10-semester/ 15-trimester bachelor’s degree programme in Law through regular mode from a recognized University having secured a minimum of 75% marks in aggregate or its equivalent grade on a point scale wherever the grading system is followed (70% of marks or its equivalent grade in case of SC/ST/OBC- NCL/Persons with Disability.)

b) Candidates having a 3-year/ 6-semester/ 9-trimester bachelor’s degree programme in Law (LL.B.) through regular mode from a recognized University having secured a minimum of 75% marks in aggregate or its equivalent grade on a point scale wherever the grading system is followed (70% of marks or its equivalent grade in case of SC/ST/OBC-NCL Persons with Disability); and

c) Candidates having a Masters in Law degree (LL.M.) through regular mode from a recognized University having secured an aggregate of at least 55% marks or its equivalent grade (50% of marks or its equivalent grade in case of SC/ST/OBC-NCL)/ Persons with Disability);

d) Candidates having passed the Solicitors Examination conducted by the Bombay Incorporated Law Society and having a completed a bachelor’s in Law (LL.B./LL.B. (Hons.)) degree from a recognized University through regular mode; or

(e) Candidates having a Master of Business Laws (MBL) degree from the National Law School of India University with minimum CGPA (Cumulative Grade Point Average) of 4.00 and having completed a bachelor’s degree from a recognized University through regular mode.

Provided that candidates in their final year of study in the respective degrees in (a), (b) and (c) shall be eligible to apply, subject to the candidate securing the minimum marks or equivalent grade prior to July 2024.

International Students

Candidates can apply for the NLSAT – International Examination for “international student” category, if they fulfil the following conditions:

• They should be a citizen of a country other than India; AND
• They should have completed a minimum of ten years of their education in a school/college/university outside India.

For more details, click here.

Admission Process

Admission to the programme will be through an all-India written admissions test, the National Law School Admissions Test (NLSAT-PhD). Candidates shall submit the application form duly filled up along with a research proposal of about 6-8 pages. The application form is available here.

The research proposal should contain: i. Tentative Title ii. Statement of the problem and the background information on the subject. iii. A brief outline of the research design including a set of research questions, a brief review of the relevant literature on the issue identified for research, a research hypothesis (where applicable) and the proposed methodology. Students who demonstrate a firm grasp of these foundational issues will be awarded higher marks.

The NLSAT-PhD shall have the following scheme: a) Research Aptitude: 50 marks b) Essays/Answers on relevant topics pertaining to law/ other disciplines: 50 marks

Candidates securing not less than 50% marks on the aggregate in the written test will qualify for evaluation of their Research Proposal and making an oral presentation before a Panel of Experts on the date specified by the University.

Selection Process

Candidates will be selected based on the marks obtained by the candidate in the NLSAT- PhD, the research proposal, and the oral presentation. The weightage of each score component shall be as follows:

a) NLSAT-PhD: 50% b) Research Proposal: 35% c) Oral Presentation: 15%

Important Dates

• The National Law School Admissions Test-PhD (NLSAT-PhD) will be held on March 17, 2024 (Sunday), from 10.00 am to 12.30 pm in specified centres across the country. The duration of the test shall be 150 minutes.
• Application deadline has been extended to 11:59 pm IST, on February 28, 2024. View official notification. An application fee of Rs. 3000/- (Rupees Three Thousand Only) shall be payable at the time of submission of the application.
• The dates for the oral presentation shall be announced after the completion of the NLSAT-PhD. They are likely to be held in April – May 2024.
• Classes for coursework component of the Ph.D. programme shall commence in the University in July 2024.

The maximum number of Ph. D seats for the Academic Year 2024-25 are 8 (Eight). This includes 4 in Ph.D (Law) and 4 in Ph.D (Interdisciplinary). The University reserves the right not to fill all the seats where sufficient candidates do not satisfy the admission requirements.

PhD Regulations

Regulations governing the PhD programme are available here.  Candidates should familiarize themselves with the requirements of the programme, before applying.

The admission notification for AY 2024-25 is available here.

For Indian Nationals

For international students.

The total amount payable at the time of admission by foreign students for AY 2024-25 is Rs. 2,55,000/- as provided below:

Registration Fee – one time 90,000/- Course Work Fee – one time 90,000/- Annual Fee 75,000/- Total fee – per annum 2,55,000/-

* Fees mentioned above are provisional and subject to ratification by the University Governing Bodies.

Sample questions for NLSAT 2024 will be released to candidates who have registered through the admissions portal prior to the admissions test.

The University’s PhD programme in the previous year was offered in terms of the Ph.D. Degree Programme Regulations, 2021. The Regulations have been revised since the Academic Year 2023-24. 

The FAQs below reflect the Ph.D. Degree Programme Regulations 2023.  

NLSIU currently offers two Ph.D programmes:

– The Ph.D. (Law) programme allows a candidate to contribute academically in the field of law; – The Ph.D. (Interdisciplinary) involves research across disciplines to arrive at a more comprehensive perspective and solution for a particular problem.

Yes, they may apply for the Ph.D (Law) programme.

a) Candidates having a 5-year/ 10-semester/ 15-trimester bachelor’s degree programme in Law through regular mode from a recognized University having secured a minimum of 75% marks in aggregate or its equivalent grade on a point scale wherever the grading system is followed (70% of marks or its equivalent grade in case of SC/ST/OBC- NCL/Persons with Disability.)

b) Candidates having a 3-year/ 6-semester/ 9-trimester bachelor’s degree programme in Law (LL.B.) through regular mode from a recognized University having secured a minimum of 75% marks in aggregate or its equivalent grade on a point scale wherever the grading system is followed (70% of marks or its equivalent grade in case of SC/ST/OBC-NCL Persons with Disability); and

Provided that candidates in their final year of study in the respective degrees in (a), (b) and (c) shall be eligible to apply, subject to the candidate securing the minimum marks or equivalent grade prior to the date of the commencement of Ph.D.

No, there is no age limit to apply for the programmes.

Candidates will have to appear for the admission test NLSAT – Ph.D, conducted by the University. To apply, visit admissions.nls.ac.in

Note: While submitting the application for the admission test, candidates should also submit a research proposal of about 6-8 pages. The research proposal should contain: i. Tentative Title ii. Statement of the problem and the background information on the subject. iii. A brief outline of the research design including a set of research questions, a brief review of the relevant literature on the issue identified for research, a research hypothesis (where applicable) and the proposed methodology. Students who demonstrate a firm grasp of these foundational issues will be awarded higher marks.

No. Candidates may apply for either Ph.D (Law) or the Ph.D (Interdisciplinary) programme.

To apply for the Ph.D programmes, visit admissions.nls.ac.in

The University shall conduct a written test (NLSAT-Ph.D) along the following scheme:

a) Research Aptitude – 50 marks b) Essays on relevant topics pertaining to law/ other disciplines – 50 marks 

The list of selected candidates as above shall be displayed on the NLSIU website.

Candidates are required to be present at the NLSIU campus for the duration of their coursework spread over three trimesters. Course work is compulsory for all the Ph.D. candidates.

The first component of the course work must be completed during the first trimester upon their admission. The remaining two trimesters of the course work needs to be completed within the first two academic years.  

a) The candidate will have to complete a minimum of three (3) years’ research in their chosen subject, including the mandatory course work as provided in these Regulations.

b) Maximum period: The maximum duration of the Ph.D. programme shall be six (6) years* from the date of admission in the Ph.D. programme, subject to the fulfilment of the requirements per the Regulations.

*- Provided that candidates who are Persons with Disabilities (having more than 40% disability) may be allowed a relaxation of upto two (2) years; however, the total period for completion of a Ph.D. programme in such cases should not exceed eight (8) years from the date of admission in the Ph.D. programme; – Provided further that female Ph.D. candidates may be provided Maternity Leave/ Child Care Leave for up to 240 days in the entire duration of the Ph.D. programme; however, the total period for completion of a Ph.D. programme in such cases should not exceed six (6) years and eight (8) months from the date of admission in the Ph.D. programme.

c) Failure to complete the course within the maximum period set out in point (b) above will automatically result in cancellation of registration.

There are a total of six courses that a doctoral candidate has to complete. Three of these are compulsory taught courses. Each taught course will extend for around 10 weeks and will be held on campus.

The first compulsory taught course is to be completed in the initial trimester on admission to the programme. The second compulsory taught course can be completed in the initial or any subsequent trimester (depending on when the course is offered). These two taught courses have to be completed prior to the first presentation before the Research Advisory Committee. In addition, there are also two course requirements relating to review of literature and fine-tuning of the proposal which need to be completed under the guidance of the Supervisor prior to the first presentation before the Research Advisory Committee.

The third compulsory taught course has to be completed prior to the second presentation before the Research Advisory Committee. In addition, candidates also will also need to complete the course requirement relating to teaching/research assistantships as will be decided by the Supervisor/relevant University body of the University.

There is a Research Advisory Committee for each Ph.D. scholar consisting of a Supervisor and two members (one from within NLSIU and one external member).

Please refer to the fee tab on the respective programme pages for fee details. 

Yes, the University will release sample questions at a later date.

We do not offer rolling admissions to the PhD programme. New students are admitted once a year, to begin studying at the start of the Academic Year in July.

Yes, but only in the next academic year. Candidates will have to appear for the NLSAT after applying for the programme in any given year.  

Yes. The University will notify a ‘Campus Open Day’ for you to visit us and familiarize yourself with the campus before applying for any programme through the NLSAT. Follow our website for further updates.

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• Ph.D. in Law

The Doctoral Research (Ph.D.) programme in Law is an exciting and advanced academic programme that offers a unique opportunity to specialize and delve deep into various legal areas and offers an enriching journey of academic and intellectual growth in the field of law. It goes beyond conventional disciplines, allowing researchers to explore contemporary issues and tackle the challenges of our time. Pursuing a Ph.D. in Law demands not only a strong commitment to critical thinking but also a genuine passion for legal research and analysis. At its core, the Research Program in Law aims to produce competent legal researchers who can bring about potential and significant changes in the existing legal literature, policies, and practices. As research scholars, you will be empowered to tackle original research problems that have the potential to push the boundaries of legal understanding and address complex legal issues. This will involve conducting extensive reviews of literature, analysing landmark cases, studying statutes and legal philosophies, and developing innovative arguments and theories. Embarking on a Ph.D. in Law opens doors to a multitude of career opportunities allowing the graduates to pursue rewarding paths in academia as professors and researchers, where they can contribute to shaping the future generation of legal professionals. Additionally, they can find employment in think tanks, policy institutions, and government agencies, where their advanced research skills and specialized knowledge are highly valued. The skills and expertise gained during this programme provide a solid foundation for a wide range of career opportunities that require a strong legal background.

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• School of Law

PhD Law - Course Overview

PhD in Law is the highest academic degree awarded in the study of Law. It is a prestigious and highly sought-after degree for those seeking to pursue a career in legal academia, research, or consultancy. The School of Law offers a doctoral program in Law. The program provides students with a comprehensive understanding of the legal system and its various branches and advanced research skills and methodologies necessary to undertake original research in the field.

With a team of experienced and renowned faculty members, state-of-the-art research facilities, and a vibrant intellectual community, the PhD (Law) program at UPES School of Law offers an excellent platform for students to engage in cutting-edge research and contribute to advancing of legal scholarship. The program duration can range from a minimum of 3 years to a maximum of 6 years.

The School of Law, UPES, was established in 2007 and presently offers UG, PG and PhD programs. Law School of UPES is among the top 21 NIRF (2022).School of Law is known for its Academic rigour, innovative teaching pedagogy, industry connections and research. Different programs at all levels include research components. The undergraduate and postgraduate students write dissertations as part of their compulsory credit course. This orients them towards research and writing. Evidence of success in delivering research orientation to our students, is that a good number of students are working for law firms, creating mark in litigation and corporate apart from lot LLM graduates working for many reputed institutions in Academics. Major research areas of our research scholars have been Corporate Law, Intellectual Property , Environmental Law and Cyber Law. UPES SoL is also a favoured destination for industry persons to pursue their research interests. This is because of the industry-relevant research and adequate mentoring is being available. Faculty research has also been a strength at SoL. Most of our faculty members are doctorates, and the rest of the faculty are pursuing their PhD

School of Law, UPES, is firmly established in its research orientation. Even the UG students write dissertations as part of compulsory credit courses. The dissertation qualifies all research requirements, and students are closely guided and mentored for their dissertations. In the beginning, they are provided workshop-based guidance on research methodology.

PG students are also well guided on research methodology and research tools. Repeated sessions are organised for PG and PhD scholars on RM, use of research tools, databases and research ethics.

Moreover, faculty are also encouraged to publish. SoL also supports its faculty to participate in conferences in India and abroad for high-quality research and development. Research rewards are also provided to promote and facilitate research at the faculty level. Faculty colleagues are encouraged to work towards Research projects and publications through Seed Funding and support from the Research and Development Department of the University.

The Ph.D. program in Law at UPES School of Law is a comprehensive research opportunity that delves into the intricacies of policy formulation, rules, regulations, and the legislative process. The program encourages interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary research, fostering exploration in fields with significant potential for advancement. Offered on a full-time or part-time basis, the doctoral program employs a meticulous two-step admission process. Candidates undergo an objective-based entrance test, exempting those who have qualified the UGC NET, followed by a discussion/interview with a panel of experts.

Upon successful admission, scholars embark on a structured academic journey. They must complete coursework examinations within a stipulated timeframe, ensuring a robust academic foundation. The research phase involves an intensive literature review, where scholars explore relevant sources to build a strong theoretical underpinning for their research. Close collaboration with experienced supervisors ensures guidance and feedback throughout this process, ensuring the quality and relevance of the research synopsis. Once the synopsis meets academic standards, it undergoes official approval, marking the transition to the final stage.

The culmination of the Ph.D. journey involves defending the thesis in the presence of expert members. During this defense, scholars present their research findings, methodologies, and conclusions, engaging in a scholarly discussion with the expert panel. This comprehensive approach ensures that scholars not only contribute to the academic discourse but also develop the skills necessary for effective communication and scholarly debate. The program at UPES School of Law thus stands as a rigorous and intellectually stimulating pathway for aspiring scholars to make substantial contributions to the field of law through original and impactful research.

• The Ph.D. in Law program at UPES School of Law prioritizes the development of a robust academic culture, fostering an environment where researchers are empowered to make significant contributions to legal advancements.
• Scholars are encouraged to engage in interdisciplinary research, allowing them to incorporate diverse perspectives and methodologies into their legal studies, enriching the depth and breadth of their research.
• The admissions process involves a comprehensive two-step evaluation, including an entrance test focused on research techniques and legal domains, followed by a panel interview with experts, ensuring a selective and rigorous selection of candidates.
• The Ph.D. in Law program mandates scholars to successfully complete coursework examinations within a stipulated timeframe, establishing a strong academic foundation and equipping them with essential skills for advanced research.
• Close collaboration between scholars and experienced supervisors is emphasized for crafting research synopses, ensuring alignment with academic norms and incorporating valuable insights from extensive literature reviews.
• The program aims to cultivate critical thinking abilities among participants, encouraging the analysis of legal issues, generation of innovative solutions, and active contribution to the progression of legal studies. Academic community engagement further enhances research experiences through participation in seminars, conferences, and workshops.

The Ph.D. in Law program at UPES School of Law is designed to cultivate a cadre of scholars who demonstrate exceptional proficiency in legal research, analysis, and critical thinking. The program's primary education objectives encompass the development of advanced research skills, the ability to contribute substantially to the existing body of legal knowledge, and the cultivation of innovative thinking within the field of law. UPES School of Law aims to nurture doctoral candidates who can engage in interdisciplinary research, addressing complex legal issues that intersect with other domains. Graduates of this program are expected to make significant scholarly contributions, advancing the understanding of legal principles and their practical applications. Moreover, the program emphasizes the development of effective communication and teaching skills, preparing candidates to disseminate their research findings and contribute meaningfully to legal education and practice. Overall, the Ph.D. in Law program at UPES School of Law aspires to produce accomplished legal scholars capable of making substantial intellectual contributions to the legal profession and academia.

The future scope of a Ph.D. in Law is promising, marked by an increasing trend towards interdisciplinary collaboration. Legal scholars are partnering with professionals in technology, economics, sociology, and environmental science to address complex societal issues. Research in legal tech, AI, and blockchain is revolutionizing legal processes, from research to dispute resolution. The globalization trend necessitates experts in international law, including trade law, human rights law, and environmental law. The rising concern for environmental issues boosts demand for specialists in environmental and sustainability law. The digital era introduces challenges in data privacy and cybersecurity, offering employment opportunities in law firms, corporations, and regulatory entities. Advancements in healthcare, biotechnology, and bioethics create a demand for health law experts contributing to policy development and ethical frameworks. Human rights, social justice, and equality remain focal points, with Ph.D. recipients finding opportunities in NGOs, international institutions, and academia. The growing emphasis on corporate responsibility creates a need for scholars with expertise in corporate governance and compliance to navigate complex regulatory landscapes, highlighting the multifaceted and expanding landscape for Ph.D. graduates in Law.

Students must pay the fees within the stipulated time frame to secure their admission into the course. The fee can be paid online or offline through various modes of payment such as credit/debit card, net banking, or demand draft.

Part-time Ph.D.

Rs 1,00,000 per semester

Full-time Ph.D.

75% waiver on Program Semester fee. Program Semester fee after waiver – INR 25000.

A monthly stipend of INR 30000/- is payable to selected full-time PhD scholars.

*All scholarships are payable as per the University’s policy

Click here to know about additional fee payments.

Candidates for admission to the Ph.D. program shall have a Master's degree or a professional degree declared equivalent to the Master’s degree by the corresponding statutory regulatory body, with at least 55% marks in aggregate or its equivalent grade 'B' in the UGC 7-point scale (or an equivalent grade in a point scale wherever grading system is followed) or an equivalent degree from a foreign educational Institution accredited by an Assessment and Accreditation Agency which is approved, recognised or authorised by an authority, established or incorporated under a law in its home country or any other statutory authority in that country to assess, accredit or to assure quality and standards of educational institutions.

A relaxation of 5% in marks, from 55% to 50%, or an equivalent relaxation of grade, may be allowed for those belonging to SC/ST/OBC (non-creamy layer)/Differently-abled and other categories of candidates as per extant UGC Regulations from time to time; or for those who had obtained their Master's degree prior to 19th September 1991.The eligibility marks of 55% (or an equivalent grade in a point scale wherever the grading system is followed) and the relaxation of 5% to the categories mentioned above are permissible based only on the qualifying marks without including the grace mark procedures.

Click here to download the PhD Admission Details

The PhD (Law) program best suits individuals passionate about legal research and aspiring to become legal scholars, researchers, or consultants. The program is designed to provide students with advanced research skills, critical thinking abilities, and in-depth knowledge of the legal system and its various branches. It is ideal for those seeking a career in legal academia or research.

The program also benefits legal professionals who wish to enhance their research skills and knowledge to become more effective practitioners or consultants in their respective fields. Overall, the Ph.D. (Law) program at UPES School of Law is an excellent choice for individuals who are committed to pursuing a career in legal scholarship and making a significant contribution to the field of law.

The LLM program offered by UPES School of Law provides students with extensive specialised legal knowledge and practical skills, equipping them for success in various legal professions. Focusing on contemporary legal issues and industry requirements, the program covers diverse areas such as Corporate and Commercial Laws, Alternate Dispute Resolution, Intellectual Property Rights, Environmental and Energy Laws, Cyber Security and Digital Laws. The program highlights include a curriculum designed by industry experts, experienced faculty members, interactive teaching methodologies, research opportunities, and exposure to real-world legal scenarios. The program prepares students to excel in their chosen legal fields, enabling them to make a significant impact in the dynamic global legal landscape.

The PhD in Law program at UPES is perfect for those with a clear career goal in mind, as it is a rigorous and demanding program that requires significant time and effort. Postgraduates can pursue a legal academic and research career, with opportunities to work as professors or researchers at universities and research institutions. They can also work as legal consultants or advisors for government agencies, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), or private corporations.

Other career opportunities include working as legal researchers or policy analysts for think tanks or research organisations. Postgraduates may also opt to pursue a career in international organisations or pursue a postdoctoral fellowship to enhance their research skills and knowledge further. Overall, the PhD (Law) program at UPES School of Law offers excellent career prospects for postgraduates in various law and legal practice fields.

The UPES School of Law is a distinguished educational institution that offers high-quality legal education to students aspiring to become successful lawyers, judges, and legal professionals. With a comprehensive curriculum that covers various aspects of law and legal practices, our program is designed to equip students with the knowledge and skills necessary to excel in the legal field. Our team of experienced faculty members is committed to providing excellent education and mentorship to our students. UPES School of Law strives to create a dynamic and inclusive learning environment that fosters critical thinking, intellectual curiosity, and a passion for justice.

The university has received numerous accolades, including a QS 5-star rating for Employability, University of the Year (North India) awarded by ASSOCHAM, and an Accredited Grade 'A' by NAAC. The law courses are co-developed and co-delivered by industry partners, ensuring that students receive a practical education relevant to the current legal landscape. Additionally, the program has academic collaboration with the University of Law, UK, and a tie-up with prestigious law firm Surana & Surana International Attorneys. The university also provides a Masterclasses platform for students to interact with prominent legal professionals and lawyers, and UPES law students have won over 210 awards. Finally, the program offers unmatched global opportunities, ensuring students are well-prepared for the international legal market.

Collecting feedback and reviews from our former students provides valuable insights into the course's quality, faculty, infrastructure, and career prospects.

With a placement record of 80% (approx.), we assure exceptional career opportunities for our students. School of Law, UPES, allures renowned law firms/ corporate houses, ensuring a promising future in law.

Internships are crucial stepping stones toward a thriving legal career for any law graduate. At the School of Law, UPES, we go the extra mile to connect our students with the best internship opportunities available. This enables them to gain practical exposure, hone of their skills, and establish valued alliances in their interned organisations.

At the School of Law, UPES, we believe in nurturing well-rounded individuals, and to boost further chances of securing a dream job, we provide a comprehensive pre-placement boot camp. This specialised training program prepares for Group Discussions (GD) and Personal Interviews (PI), ensuring students shine during placement. Our expert faculty and industry professionals will equip students with the necessary skills and techniques to ace any interview. We are committed to shaping students into confident and accomplished professionals.

Join the School of Law, UPES, today and embark on a transformative journey that propels you toward legal excellence. Immerse yourself in a supportive community, state-of-the-art facilities, and limitless opportunities to excel in the legal profession.

The Ph.D. (Law) Program is a research-oriented doctoral program that offers in-depth knowledge of legal concepts, advanced research skills, and critical thinking abilities. It is designed to equip students with the necessary skills and expertise to undertake original research in the field of law and contribute to legal scholarship.

A relaxation of 5% of marks, from 55% to 50%, or an equivalent relaxation of grade, may be allowed for those belonging to SC/ST/OBC (non-creamy layer)/Differently-abled and other categories of candidates as per extant UGC Regulations from time to time; or for those who had obtained their Master's degree prior to 19th September 1991. The eligibility marks of 55% (or an equivalent grade in a point scale wherever the grading system is followed) and the relaxation of 5% to the categories mentioned above are permissible based only on the qualifying marks without including the grace mark procedures.

All scholarships are payable as per the University’s policy. Refer to the Ph.D. (Law) program page/Fee for more details.

The Ph.D. (Law) program opens up various career opportunities for graduates, including legal academia, research, and consultancy. Graduates can work as professors, legal advisors, consultants, or researchers in universities, research institutions, think tanks, NGOs, or government agencies.

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Programme Details

JGU is a research-intensive University, and the Ph.D. Programme is designed keeping in mind the need and vision of Jindal Global Law School’s aspiration to be at the forefront of cutting-edge research. Keeping in view the vision of the O.P. Jindal Global (Institution of Eminence Deemed to Be University) to provide globalized legal education, the Ph.D. course work aims to equip our Ph.D. students with skills to conduct research on legal issues from a global perspective, enabling them to think, innovate and apply their knowledge to emerging global legal issues. The outstanding faculty of JGLS will inspire and motivate you to work hard and to engage in meticulous research reflecting a sense of passionate commitment to achieving excellence. The Global Ph.D. Programme seeks to provide our research aspirants with the best of opportunities to develop their thesis.

Broad Areas of Research

• International Law: Law of Outer Space, International Legal Systems, Humanitarian Law
• Constitutional Law: Election Law, Electoral Reforms, Rights of Refugees, Right to Health, Indigenous Rights, Judicial Delays
• Comparative Law: Comparative Constitutionalism
• Competition Law: Law and Procedure of Competition Commission of India
• Law of Taxation: International Taxation
• Criminal Law: Juvenile Offenders, Restorative Justice
• Socio-Legal Studies: Cause Lawyering, Commercial Surrogacy
• Intellectual Property Rights: Policy on Innovation, Data Privacy
• Legal Philosophy: Organizational Theory

Eligibility Criteria

• LLM with at least 55% marks or an equivalent grade. Professional qualification such as CA/ ICWA/ CFA/ CS (both 5 year integrated or 3 years after graduation) with minimum 55% marks.
• Master’s degree in a discipline relevant to the proposed research with at least 55% marks or equivalent grade.
• Applicants with more than 3 years industry/ teaching/ practicing/ managerial/ professional experience will be given preference.
• Relaxation of 5% of marks, from 55% to 50%, or an equivalent relaxation of grade, may be allowed for those belonging to SC/ST/Differently-Abled categories or for those who had obtained their Master’s degree prior to 19th September, 1991. The eligibility marks of 55% (or an equivalent grade in a point scale wherever grading system is followed) and the relaxation of 5% to the categories mentioned above are permissible based only on the qualifying marks without including the grace mark procedures.

Categories of Admission

Applicants shall be admitted to the Ph.D. Programme under one of the following categories:

• Full-time Ph.D. Student (with or without fellowship) “means a person enrolled in the Ph.D. Programme devoting full-time to completing the requirements of the degree.”
• Part-Time Ph.D. Student (without fellowship) “means a person who is registered in the Ph.D. Programme devoting part of his/ her time for completing the requirements of the degree while discharging other employment obligations.”

Application & Selection Procedure

Admission & Selection

Duration of the Course

The minimum and maximum period of study and research shall be three years and six years respectively from the date of registration of the student.

Credit Requirement & Coursework Details

• Credit Requirement & Coursework Details

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ILS LAW COLLEGE, PUNE, INDIA

Established in 1924. NAAC accredited ‘A’ (2019-24) Among Top Ten Law Institutions of India for many years.

INDIAN LAW SOCIETY

Ph.d. research centre, ils law college ph.d. research centre, about centre.

Since the establishment of Indian Law Society, one of the mottos is to promote socially relevant and professionally desired clinical legal education. Attainment of the same is contingent on pursuing in real earnestness the research activities. Keeping this objective in mind the Indian Law Society established Institute of Advanced Legal Studies and following its footsteps, the College gave formal shape to its research activities. On 15th July 2011 the College constituted the Legal Research Centre, which was merged into ILS Law College Ph.D. Research Centre in 2015, affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University (SPPU) since the academic year 2015-16.

Composition of  Centre

Functions of the centre.

• To Function as focal point for monitoring the entire research activities of the college.
• To Evolve ethical code to adhere to fundamental and ethical conventions during research  activities.
• To Discourage plagiarism while conducting research.
• To Motivate teachers and students to engage in creative and innovative research and the former must engage the latter in research.
• To Emphasize on holding student-teacher seminar for participative dialogue.
• To Inculcate interdisciplinary approach while designing research projects.
• To Evaluate, monitor and approve financial assistance of in-House sanctioned Research Projects by teachers, individually or with students.
• To Constitute subcommittees to coordinate research on identified themes.
• To Emphasize the need for undertaking major and minor research projects sponsored by UGC and SPPU by the teachers.
• To Approve seminars and conferences on contemporary legal themes to be conducted by college.
• To Organize research methodology workshops to train students in research skills.
• To Supervise and guide students for participation in “Aavishkar” activity of Savitribai Phule Pune University.
• To Encourage students and teachers to publish and authenticate the findings of their research.
• To Earmark budget for research activities.

Activities of the Centre

• To regulate admissions of Ph.D. research scholars as per the rules of SPPU
• To administer the Ph.D. research programme
• To hold the meetings of expert committees (Research advisory committees) to continuously monitor the progress of Ph.D. research scholars in accordance with the rules of SPPU
• To run the course work for Ph.D. research scholars
• In-House Ph.D. Course Work We have also designed a course work for the research students pursuing Ph.D. in accordance with the norms under the Circular of Savitribai Phule Pune University Nos. 14/2017. Two course works have been conducted so far in the years 2018 and 2022. The duration of this course is 60 hours which includes a rigorous training on research methodology in a span of 3 to 4 months.
• Certificate course in Fundamentals of Legal Research Methodology This course is a must for an academic or a student who is interested to know the ABC of legal research methodology. During the program participants would be exposed to discourses from leading academics of this area along with lecturing method. The focus would also be on interactions and assignments. This course is open to all the students and Professionals interested in Legal research. The Course has 4 modules. Module I: Introductory; Module II: Planning the research; Module III: Conducting research and writing; Module IV: Miscellaneous

Students Researchers and Guides

List of the Research Students pursuing Ph.D. in Law Program and their guides 

Award of Ph.D. 

The Centre is happy to announce that following Research Scholars have been awarded the Ph.D. Degree –

•   Amitkumar Ashok Khatu
•   Sunita Tryambakrao Bachchhav
•   Sanjay Janardan Ambekar
•   Pradnya Vikram Rajebahadur
•   Mayura Borde
•   Nitin Ramling Kumbhar
•   Madhavi Bajarang More
• Damodar Mayappa Hake
• Prabhavati Baskey
• Satish Hanmantrao Mane
• Manjusha Nitin Suryawanshi

Code of Ethics

• Every research project submitted by faculty or the students shall be undertaken subject to the approval of ILS Law College Ph.D. Research Centre, Pune.
• To deal with plagiarism the Centre shall resort to URKUND software in respect of research projects of students and teachers.
• The scrutiny of Ph.D. research in respect of plagiarism shall be done by the PhD research guides of the college by resorting to ‘URKUND’ a plagiarism software provided by Savitribai Phule Pune University.
• With respect to the LL.M. Program, the dissertation submitted by students in partial fulfillment of their LL.M. Degree shall be also scrutinized for plagiarism by resorting to URKUND software.
• To adequately and legally address the  issues pertaining to plagiarism the college has formed ‘ Departmental Academic Integrity Panel (DAIP)’  with reference to SPPU circular No. : 175/2018 dated on 27/09/2018.  The board has been approved by the Hon’ble Vice Chancellor of SPPU.
• All researchers, faculty and students shall scrupulously observe the provisions of Copyright Act, 1957 and the College shall not take responsibility on their behalf for the same.

DAIP and IAIP

As per Circular No. 175/2018 of Savitribai Phule Pune University, the College is required to form Departmental Academic Integrity Panel (DAIP) for investigating inquiry matters pertaining to plagiarism charge against students and faculty. In compliance of this circular college has constituted DAIP and IAIP.

Departmental Academic Integrity Panel (DAIP)

Institutional academic integrity panel (iaip), important circulars.

• Minimum Standards and Procedure for Award of M.Phil/Ph.D. Degrees
• Academic Integrity Regulation 2018

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NLSIU offers Ph.D in law and in Ph.D Interdisciplinary Programme, Integrated Ph.D. Programme in Public Policy and Doctor of Laws (Full time & Part time) every year. The research scholars who are enrolled in an honours degree are assigned a particular topic to write about or he/she to choose a topic. With his guide’s guidance the research scholar will submit his/her thesis. Once the submission of his/her thesis he/she will be awarded the honours degree.

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Blog a great future relies on great effort., top 10 ph.d in law programs india, albert einstein.

Embarking on a journey to attain a Ph.D. in Law is a monumental decision for individuals seeking to deepen their legal expertise and contribute to the ever-evolving legal landscape. In India, where the demand for specialized legal professionals is on the rise, choosing the right program becomes crucial. This article explores the top 10 Ph.D in Law programs India, shedding light on the criteria for selection, the advantages of pursuing such a program, and the future trends in legal education.

The Need for Specialized Legal Education

As the legal landscape in India continues to evolve, the need for experts in niche legal areas becomes more apparent. General legal knowledge is no longer sufficient to address complex legal issues. Specialized education through Ph.D. programs equips individuals with the depth of knowledge required to navigate these challenges successfully.

Advantages of Pursuing a Ph.D. in Law

Let’s delve into the myriad advantages that come with pursuing a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Law, showcasing how this advanced degree can be a transformative and enriching experience for those passionate about the intricacies of legal systems.

Specialization and Expertise:

One of the primary advantages of pursuing a Ph.D. in Law is the opportunity to specialize in a particular area of interest. While a Juris Doctor (JD) degree provides a comprehensive understanding of the law, a Ph.D. allows for an in-depth exploration of a specific legal niche. Whether it’s international law, human rights, environmental law, or another specialization, a Ph.D. enables scholars to become true experts in their chosen field, contributing valuable insights to the legal community.

Contribution to Legal Scholarship:

Ph.D. candidates in Law are actively engaged in legal research, contributing to the ever-expanding body of legal scholarship. Through the production of a doctoral thesis, students are encouraged to identify gaps in existing knowledge, propose innovative solutions, and critically analyze legal issues. This contribution not only adds to the academic discourse but also has the potential to influence legal practice, policymaking, and societal understanding of legal matters.

Career Opportunities:

While a Ph.D. in Law is often associated with academia, the skills acquired during the program are highly transferable. Graduates may find rewarding career opportunities in various sectors, including government, international organizations, non-profits, and private firms. The analytical and research skills developed during a Ph.D. program are highly valued, making graduates well-equipped for roles such as legal consultants, policy analysts, or even leaders in legal education.

Networking and Collaborations:

Engaging with peers, mentors, and experts in the field is an integral part of the Ph.D. journey. This networking opportunity not only fosters collaboration but also opens doors to conferences, seminars, and workshops where candidates can present their research findings, receive constructive feedback, and stay abreast of the latest developments in the legal landscape. Such interactions can lead to collaborative research projects, enhancing the overall academic experience.

Intellectual Growth and Critical Thinking:

A Ph.D. program in Law is a rigorous intellectual challenge that demands critical thinking, creativity, and perseverance. The process of developing, conducting, and defending a doctoral thesis requires scholars to navigate complex legal concepts, think analytically, and communicate their ideas effectively. This intellectual growth extends beyond the academic sphere, shaping individuals into adept problem-solvers and leaders in their respective fields.

Contribution to Policy Development:

Ph.D. graduates in Law often play a pivotal role in shaping legal and public policies. Through their specialized knowledge, they can contribute to the development of laws that address contemporary challenges. This influence extends to both national and international levels, where Ph.D. holders may participate in think tanks, governmental advisory boards, or international organizations, influencing the creation of policies that impact societies on a global scale.

Top 10+ PhD in Law Programs in India

Renaissance university, indore:.

Emerging as a notable player in legal education, Renaissance University in Indore offers a promising PhD in Law program. With a focus on fostering research excellence and providing a supportive academic environment, the university is carving a niche for itself in the field of legal academia.

National Law School of India University (NLSIU), Bangalore:

Renowned as the pioneer of the National Law University system in India, NLSIU offers a stellar PhD in Law program. Its faculty, which includes esteemed legal scholars, and state-of-the-art research facilities make it a preferred choice for aspiring legal researchers.

National Law University (NLU), Delhi:

NLU Delhi’s PhD program is marked by its interdisciplinary approach and emphasis on cutting-edge research. The university’s strong linkages with the legal industry and international collaborations provide students with unique opportunities for academic and professional growth.

Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi:

JNU’s School of Law and Governance hosts a vibrant community of legal scholars, making it an ideal environment for pursuing a PhD in Law. The university’s emphasis on critical thinking and diverse research methodologies sets it apart in the academic landscape.

NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad:

With a commitment to fostering academic excellence, NALSAR’s PhD program attracts scholars with a penchant for interdisciplinary legal research. The university’s research centers and collaborations with international institutions enhance the research ecosystem.

National Law Institute University (NLIU), Bhopal:

NLIU’s PhD in Law program combines traditional legal research with contemporary perspectives. The university’s focus on nurturing a research-oriented mindset equips students to make meaningful contributions to legal scholarship.

Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law (RGNUL), Patiala:

RGNUL’s PhD program is characterized by its emphasis on empirical legal research. The university’s commitment to promoting research culture is evident through its research centers and frequent national and international conferences.

Symbiosis Law School, Pune:

Symbiosis Law School’s PhD program stands out for its focus on emerging areas of law. The school’s strong industry connections and emphasis on experiential learning create a conducive environment for innovative legal research.

The West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences (NUJS), Kolkata:

NUJS’s PhD in Law program is distinguished by its faculty expertise in diverse legal domains. The university’s commitment to fostering a research-intensive environment is reflected in its numerous publications and research initiatives.

Gujarat National Law University (GNLU), Gandhinagar:

GNLU’s PhD program combines academic rigor with practical insights. The university’s research centers, workshops, and seminars contribute to a vibrant research community, making it an attractive choice for doctoral candidates.

University of Delhi, Faculty of Law:

The University of Delhi’s Faculty of Law boasts a rich history and a distinguished faculty. Its PhD program, rooted in a strong academic tradition, provides students with a solid foundation for contributing to legal scholarship.

Each of these programs offers unique features, and prospective Ph.D. candidates should thoroughly research the admission process, program duration, and curriculum to make an informed decision.

Top 10 PhD in Law Specialization India

Here are the top 10 PhD specializations in law in India, shedding light on the unique facets and opportunities each specialization presents.

Constitutional Law:

At the core of India’s legal framework, Constitutional Law remains a cornerstone for legal scholars. A PhD in Constitutional Law allows researchers to dissect and analyze the intricacies of the Indian Constitution, exploring its historical context, amendments, and contemporary relevance.

Criminal Law:

With the criminal justice system at the forefront, a PhD in Criminal Law provides scholars the chance to investigate the nuances of criminal statutes, procedures, and the broader ethical and moral dimensions of criminality in Indian society.

Environmental Law:

In an era of increasing environmental concerns, a PhD in Environmental Law is both timely and crucial. Researchers in this field engage in examining legal frameworks addressing environmental issues, sustainable development, and the intersection of law and ecology.

Intellectual Property Law:

In the digital age, protecting intellectual property has become paramount. A PhD in Intellectual Property Law equips scholars to navigate the complexities of patents, copyrights, trademarks, and emerging challenges in the rapidly evolving world of innovation.

International Law:

For those with a global perspective, a PhD in International Law opens doors to exploring the intricacies of treaties, diplomatic relations, and the role of international organizations. This specialization is ideal for scholars interested in the intersection of law and diplomacy.

Corporate Law:

In the realm of business and commerce, Corporate Law holds significant importance. A PhD in Corporate Law delves into issues such as corporate governance, mergers and acquisitions, and the legal aspects of business transactions, preparing scholars for a career in academia or corporate law practice.

Human Rights Law:

Advocating for justice and equality, a PhD in Human Rights Law allows researchers to focus on issues like civil liberties, social justice, and the protection of human rights on a national and international scale.

Family Law:

Navigating the complexities of familial relationships, a PhD in Family Law explores aspects such as marriage, divorce, child custody, and inheritance. Scholars in this field contribute to shaping legal frameworks that address the evolving dynamics of family structures in India.

As technology advances, so does the need for legal frameworks in the digital realm. A PhD in Cyber Law enables researchers to delve into the legal challenges posed by cyberspace, including issues related to data privacy, online security, and the regulation of emerging technologies.

Health Law:

In the wake of global health crises, the importance of health law has come to the forefront. A PhD in Health Law allows scholars to examine legal frameworks related to healthcare, medical ethics, and the intersection of law and public health.

Challenges and Opportunities in Pursuing a Ph.D. in Law

Challenges:.

• Research Intensity: Undertaking a Ph.D. in Law demands an unparalleled level of research intensity. The need to contribute significantly to the existing body of legal knowledge requires an in-depth exploration of both primary and secondary sources. The sheer volume of information to sift through can be overwhelming, and the challenge lies in synthesizing this information into a coherent and original contribution.
• Isolation and Loneliness: The life of a Ph.D. candidate can be isolating. Hours of solitary research, reading, and writing can lead to a sense of loneliness. Unlike structured coursework, the Ph.D. journey often lacks the camaraderie of classmates, making it essential for candidates to actively seek out networking opportunities and build a support system.
• Navigating Complex Methodologies: Legal research often involves intricate methodologies, and Ph.D. candidates must grapple with choosing and mastering these methodologies. Whether employing qualitative or quantitative methods, the challenge is not only in understanding but also in applying these methodologies effectively to answer complex legal questions.
• Time Management: A Ph.D. is a time-intensive commitment that requires exceptional time management skills. Juggling teaching responsibilities, administrative tasks, and personal commitments alongside research can be overwhelming. Striking a balance is crucial to avoid burnout and ensure sustained progress.

Opportunities:

• Intellectual Independence: One of the unique opportunities presented by a Ph.D. in Law is the chance to develop intellectual independence. Candidates have the freedom to explore niche areas of interest, formulate their research questions, and contribute to the evolution of legal scholarship. This independence fosters creativity and originality in thought.
• Interdisciplinary Exploration: The interdisciplinary nature of legal research provides an exciting opportunity to engage with other academic disciplines. Ph.D. candidates in law often find themselves collaborating with scholars in fields such as sociology, political science, or economics, enriching their research with diverse perspectives.
• Publication and Networking: The Ph.D. journey offers numerous opportunities for publication and networking. Presenting research at conferences, submitting articles to journals, and engaging with the wider academic community can enhance a candidate’s visibility and open doors to collaborations and post-Ph.D. opportunities.
• Career Advancement: While pursuing a Ph.D. is a significant investment, it can also serve as a stepping stone to diverse career paths. Beyond academia, Ph.D. graduates in law are sought after in legal practice, policy-making, and research institutions. The qualification opens doors to leadership roles and positions of influence.

Tips for Success in a Ph.D in Law programs India

As you delve into the realm of legal academia, it’s essential to equip yourself with a toolkit of skills and approaches that will not only ensure successful completion of your Ph.D. but also contribute to your growth as a legal scholar. In this blog post, we’ll explore some invaluable tips for success in a Ph.D. in Law program.

Define Your Research Focus Clearly:

One of the first steps to success in a Ph.D. in Law program is to clearly define your research focus. Your dissertation will be the cornerstone of your academic contribution, so it’s crucial to identify a niche within the field of law that both excites you and aligns with the current discourse. A well-defined research question will guide your work throughout the program, providing a sense of direction and purpose.

Build Strong Relationships with Your Supervisors:

Establishing a positive and collaborative relationship with your supervisors is key to a successful Ph.D. journey. Regular communication, constructive feedback, and a mutual understanding of expectations will contribute to a smoother research process. Don’t hesitate to seek guidance when needed, and consider your supervisors as mentors who can offer valuable insights and support.

Develop Effective Time Management Skills:

Time management is a critical skill for any Ph.D. candidate. Balancing research, coursework, and other responsibilities requires careful planning. Create a realistic timetable for your research milestones, and be prepared to adapt it as needed. Prioritize tasks, set deadlines, and allocate specific time slots for focused research and writing.

Engage Actively in Academic Discourse:

Participate actively in academic conferences, workshops, and seminars within and outside your institution. Engaging with the broader academic community will not only expose you to diverse perspectives but also provide opportunities for networking and collaboration. Presenting your research at conferences can be a valuable experience, allowing you to receive feedback and refine your ideas.

Stay Informed About Legal Developments:

A successful legal scholar is one who stays abreast of current legal developments. Subscribe to legal journals, attend relevant events, and follow reputable legal blogs. A deep understanding of the current legal landscape will not only enhance the quality of your research but also position you as a knowledgeable and informed contributor to the field.

Cultivate Effective Writing Habits:

The ability to articulate your research findings effectively is paramount in a Ph.D. program. Cultivate strong writing habits early on, and seek feedback on your drafts from peers and supervisors. Take advantage of writing workshops and resources offered by your institution to refine your writing style and ensure that your dissertation is a polished and coherent piece of academic work.

Prioritize Self-Care:

Ph.D. programs can be mentally and emotionally demanding. It’s essential to prioritize self-care to maintain a healthy work-life balance. Establish regular breaks, engage in activities that bring you joy, and don’t hesitate to seek support when needed. A well-balanced lifestyle will contribute to your overall well-being and enhance your academic performance.

Future Trends in Legal Education in India

Legal education in India has long been revered for its rich history and rigorous academic traditions. However, as the legal landscape evolves globally, the need for innovation in legal education becomes increasingly apparent. In this era of rapid technological advancements and changing societal dynamics, it is imperative for legal education in India to adapt and embrace future trends to produce competent and forward-thinking legal professionals. This guide explores the key trends shaping the future of legal education in India.

Technology Integration:

The integration of technology is a transformative trend that is reshaping legal education globally. In India, institutions are incorporating technology-driven tools and platforms to enhance the learning experience. Virtual classrooms, online research databases, and interactive simulations are becoming integral components of legal education. This not only makes education more accessible but also equips students with the tech-savvy skills crucial for modern legal practice.

Interdisciplinary Approach:

The future of legal education in India is moving towards a more interdisciplinary approach. Law is increasingly interconnected with fields such as technology, business, and social sciences. Legal education programs are now incorporating modules that allow students to explore the intersectionality of law with other disciplines, fostering a holistic understanding of legal issues in a broader societal context.

Clinical Legal Education:

The shift towards experiential learning is gaining momentum in legal education. Clinical legal education, which involves practical training through simulated legal scenarios, internships, and real-world case studies, is becoming a cornerstone of legal curricula. This hands-on approach not only enhances students’ practical skills but also instills a sense of social responsibility and ethical practice.

Globalization and Comparative Law Studies:

As the legal landscape becomes increasingly globalized, legal professionals in India need to have a comprehensive understanding of international legal systems. Future trends in legal education are likely to emphasize globalization and encourage students to engage in comparative law studies. This exposure equips them to navigate cross-border legal challenges and understand the implications of global legal norms on local practices.

Focus on Soft Skills:

Beyond legal expertise, the legal professionals of the future need to possess strong soft skills. Communication, negotiation, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills are becoming paramount in legal practice. Legal education in India is recognizing the importance of nurturing these skills alongside doctrinal learning to produce well-rounded and adaptable professionals.

Ethics and Professionalism:

The legal profession is built on principles of ethics and professionalism. Future trends in legal education in India emphasize the cultivation of ethical values and a sense of professional responsibility. Courses dedicated to legal ethics, integrity, and professional conduct are gaining prominence to ensure that the next generation of legal professionals upholds the highest standards of integrity.

Adaptive Curriculum:

The dynamic nature of the legal landscape requires a curriculum that can adapt to evolving trends. Future legal education in India is expected to have a flexible and adaptive curriculum that can respond to emerging legal fields and specialties. This ensures that students are well-prepared for the evolving demands of the legal profession.

In conclusion, pursuing a Ph.D in Law programs India offers a unique opportunity for individuals to become experts in their chosen field and contribute significantly to the legal community. The top 11 programs highlighted in this article provide a diverse range of options, each with its own strengths. Prospective candidates should carefully consider their goals, research interests, and the specific offerings of each program before making a decision.

Frequently Asked Questions

• The duration varies but is typically around 3 to 5 years, depending on the program and individual progress.
• Some programs offer part-time options, allowing candidates to balance their studies with professional commitments.
• Many universities offer scholarships and financial aid for Ph.D. candidates based on merit and research potential.
• Graduates can pursue careers in academia, legal practice, policy-making, and research institutions.
• Consider factors such as faculty expertise, research opportunities, and program curriculum to align with your research goals.

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Eligibility for Admission

National Law University Delhi offers the following Ph.D. Programmes:

• Ph.D. Degree in Law

Ph.D. Degree in Social Sciences viz., Political Science, Sociology, Criminology, Economics, and English

Ph.d. degree in law : eligibility for admission for ph.d. in law for indian nationals.

• A Master's degree in Law or a professional degree declared equivalent to the Master’s degree in Law by the corresponding statutory regulatory body, with at least 55% marks in aggregate or its equivalent grade 'B' in the UGC 7-point scale (or an equivalent grade in a point scale wherever grading system is followed) or an equivalent degree from a foreign educational institution accredited by an Assessment and Accreditation Agency which is approved, recognized or authorized by an authority, established or incorporated under a law in its home country or any other statutory authority in that country for the purpose of assessing, accrediting, or assuring quality and standards of educational institutions.
• Obtained a degree in law and Master’s Degree in social sciences or humanities from any recognised educational institution, Indian or a foreign educational institution accredited as per UGC Regulations, with at least 55% marks in aggregate or its equivalent grade 'B' in the UGC 7-point scale (or an equivalent grade in a point scale wherever grading system is followed). Provided that candidates with qualifications in social sciences and humanities may be admitted to the programme if the research they wish to pursue interfaces with the discipline of law with a special focus on Public Policy or Law. For the above two categories, a relaxation of 5% of marks, from 55% to 50%, or an equivalent relaxation of grade, may be allowed for those belonging to SC/ST/OBC (non-creamy layer)/ Differently-Abled/ Economically Weaker Section) candidates and other categories of candidates, as per the decisions of the UGC from time to time, or for those who had obtained their Master's degree prior to 19th September, 1991. The eligibility marks of 55% (or an equivalent grade in a point scale wherever grading system is followed) and the relaxation of 5% to the categories mentioned above are permissible based only on the qualifying marks without including the grace mark procedures.
• Degree in law and passed the Company Secretary examination conducted by the Institute of Company Secretaries of India and awarded the Associate Membership of the Institute shall be eligible for admission to the programme, if the research they wish to pursue interfaces with the discipline of law.
• Degree in law and passed the final examination of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India shall be eligible for admission to the programme, if the research they wish to pursue interfaces with the discipline of law.
• Judge of any State High Court in India with three years’ experience or Judge of Supreme Court of India.
• Obtained a Bachelor’s Degree and Master’s Degree in relevant Social Sciences or humanities from any recognised educational institution, Indian or a foreign educational institution accredited as per UGC Regulations, with at least 55% marks in aggregate or its equivalent grade 'B' in the UGC 7-point scale (or an equivalent grade in a point scale wherever grading system is followed). A relaxation of 5% of marks, from 55% to50%, or an equivalent relaxation of grade, may be allowed for those belonging to SC/ST/OBC (non-creamy layer)/ Differently-Abled/Economically Weaker Section) candidates and other categories of candidates, as per the decisions of the UGC from time to time, or for those who had obtained their Master's degree prior to 19th September, 1991. The eligibility marks of 55% (or an equivalent grade in a point scale wherever grading system is followed) and the relaxation of 5% to the categories mentioned above are permissible based only on the qualifying marks without including the grace mark procedures.

The Vice Chancellor may also permit a NLUD faculty member to enroll for the Ph.D. programme along with the teaching assignment of the concerned faculty member in the interest of faculty improvement on the condition that teaching and other responsibilities of the faculty member are not hampered in any way provided such candidates fulfill the conditions prescribed in the Ph.D. Regulations.

Eligiblity criteria for admission of Foreign Nationals

• Admission through Study in India : A foreign national may apply for enrolment in Ph.D. programme through Study in India Programme of Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India. The candidates shall have sufficient proficiency in English language. Foreign nationals are exempted from the entrance examination conducted by NLUD for Ph.D. enrolment. All other requirements for admission which are applicable to Indian nationals shall be applicable to foreign nationals also. The number of seats available for foreign nationals will be decided by the university on year-to-year basis. In the event of non-availability of suitable candidates, NLUD reserves the right not to fill up the seats and if required, these seats shall be converted to any other categories of Ph.D. admission for foreign nationals. Candidate will be required to pay the fees applicable to foreign nationals under R. 4A.
• Admission through ICCR : A foreign national may apply for enrolment in Ph.D. programme through ICCR Programme of Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India. The candidates shall have sufficient proficiency in English language. Foreign nationals are exempted from the entrance examination conducted by NLUD for Ph.D. enrolment. All other requirements for admission which are applicable to Indian nationals shall be applicable to foreign nationals also. The number of seats available for foreign nationals will be decided by the university on year-to-year basis and will be within the seats fixed by the university for ICCR. In the event of non-availability of suitable candidates, NLUD reserves the right not to fill up the seats and if required, these seats may be converted to any other categories of Ph.D. admission for foreign nationals. Fee applicable to candidates under this category will be at par with Indian Ph.D. scholars. For the purpose of this regulation, a foreign national shall mean a candidate who possesses citizenship of a country other than India and holds a valid passport.
• For admissions under Study in India and ICCR category, the Vice- Chancellor reserves the right to provide extended time period for completing the admission procedure. Extension up to 2 years may be provided by the Vice- Chancellor on case-to-case basis.
• A foreign national, who is interested in enrolling for the Ph.D. programme at NLU Delhi, and is currently enrolled for Ph.D. programme at a foreign university/institution having MoU with NLU Delhi, may be allowed to be registered for Ph.D. programme at NLU Delhi subject to the condition that one supervisor will be from NLU Delhi and one from the parent foreign university/institution of the candidate. Such a candidate will be exempted from appearing in the entrance test, subject to the condition that the candidate fulfils the other minimum eligibility conditions.
• The Vice-Chancellor will be the competent authority to allow registration of such candidates on case-to-case basis, on the recommendations of the Doctoral Committee.
• The candidate will be required to visit NLU Delhi for Viva-Voce to defend the thesis as per NLU Delhi Ph.D. Regulations.
• The fee for the programme shall be in accordance with the terms and conditions of the MoU between NLU Delhi and the concerned foreign university/ institute.
• No separate Ph.D. degree of NLU Delhi will be awarded in such cases. A joint degree may be awarded, if required under the MOU.

For the purpose of this regulation, a foreign national shall mean a candidate who possess citizenship of a country other than India and holds a valid passport of Foreign Country.

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Top Ph.D in Law Colleges in India

PhD in law is a very niche specializations and in a way it can be termed as the epitome of legal knowledge. There are many widely regarded top PhD law colleges in India. The general eligibility criteria for  PhD in India is  LLM or any other equivalent qualification.  NLSIU Bangalore ,  National Law University, Delhi ,  NALSAR Hyderabad ,  WBNUJS Kolkata are some of the best PhD Law colleges in India. Usually these universities accept admission on the basis of entrance exams like AILET, NLSAT-PhD etc. The National Law University Delhi conducts its separate entrance exam for admissions to PhD in law courses.

Eligibility Criteria of Top PhD Law Colleges in India

Candidates seeking admission to the best PhD in law colleges in India must fulfill the eligibility criteria specified by these colleges. The general eligibility criteria for top Doctorate in law colleges in India have been mentioned below:

Educational Qualifications: Candidates must have completed their LLM or equivalent degree from a recognized institute.

Minimum Marks: Candidates are required to score minimum 50% aggregate score in their LLM degree.

Age Limit: There is no age limit to pursue PhD in law.

Also check - 

Best LLB Colleges in India

Best BA LLB Colleges in India

Best Private Law Colleges in India

Best Law Colleges in India

Best LLM Colleges in India

Entrance Exams for Top PhD Law Colleges in India

There are various entrance exams for admissions to best PhD law  colleges in India. Here are some of these entrance exams:

AILET : The National Law University, Delhi conducts the All India Law Entrance Test (AILET) for admission to BA LLB, LLM and PhD programmes at the institute. The entrance exam is conducted in offline mode every year.

NLSAT-PhD : The  National Law School Admission Test - PhD is an annual entrance exam conducted by NLSIU Bangalore for admission to the PhD course at the institute.

Apart from these two exams, different national law universities and other law schools conduct their separate entrance examination for admission to PhD course.

Top 10 PhD Law Colleges in India with Fees

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Gender diversity, popular private law colleges.

DSU- Dayanand Sagar University LAW 2024

60+ Years of Education Legacy | UGC & AICTE Approved | Prestigious Scholarship Worth 6 Crores | DSAT exam date: June 8 & 9

Centurion University Integrated Law Admissions 2024

Moot court Available | Legal Aid Cell | Moot Court Available

Birla Global University BBA-LLB Admissions 2024

Almost 100% Placements

NIRMA UNIVERSITY Law Admissions 2024

Scholarship Worth 1.25 Crore | Approved by BCI

Lovely Professional University | Law Admissions 2024

BCI approved | Meritorious Scholarships up to 5 lacs / Student | Application closing soon

Abhyuday University, Khargone

• Fees : ₹ 2.40 Lakhs

Agra College, Agra

• Ph.D ( 1 Course )

Aliah University, Kolkata

Top institutes accepting applications.

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PhD Law - Course, Eligibility, Admission, Fees, Exam, Syllabus, Jobs, Salary

Ph.D in Law is a doctoral-level programme in legal studies that span three to six-year duration. The curriculum focuses on providing knowledge of the constitutional law of India, legal theory, international law, and various other specialisation and types of law . Candidates with an LLM degree are eligible to apply for these programmes, provided they meet other eligibility as well.

Latest: Top Ph.d Colleges in India

Don't Miss: UGC NET Previous Year Question Papers

Highlights - PhD in Law

Phd in law eligibility criteria, doctorate degree in law admission procedure, doctorate of law entrance exams, phd in law cutoff, doctorate in law degree skills, phd in law syllabus, phd law fees, phd law degree scope, career options after phd law, top recruiters, benefits of studying phd law degree, phd law salary, list of top ph.d. in law colleges in india with fees, top private ph.d. in law colleges in india with fees, top government ph.d. in law colleges in india with fees.

Ph.D is always the preferable choice of candidates interested in pursuing a career as an academician or researcher. UGC-NET, UGC-CSIR NET (including JRF), and GATE are some of the popular PhD Law entrance examinations. Several universities in India offer Ph.D. in Law courses, among them; JNU, JMI, and Delhi University are well regarded.

There is no fixed PhD Law eligibility criteria and it varies across institutions. Generally, a master's degree with minimum marks, along with the passing marks in the entrance exam is required. The minimum marks and entrance exams are not static and universities or colleges hold the right to modify them. The PhD Law eligibility criteria are provided below.

Candidates must have an LLM or equivalent degree with a minimum of 50 per cent marks from a recognised university.

All candidates should complete the pre-PhD course first.

Final-year students can also apply for the course, provided they submit all the documents at the time of admission.

For reserved category candidates, the minimum required marks are 45 per cent.

The admission process for each course can be found on the official website of the provider colleges. Public colleges have a more rigid PhD in Law admission process as compared to private colleges. Below, we have listed the PhD Law application procedure as followed by most universities.

Candidates must pass the required national-level or university-specific entrance exam; UGC-NET, UGC-CSIR NET, GATE, GLAET , or other university-level exam.

They can apply for the course through the official websites of their respective colleges.

Candidates who clear the cutoff of respective colleges will be invited to the next rounds.

For most colleges, personal interviews and group discussions are part of the next round.

The final selection of candidates will be based on their overall performance and total seat intake.

Selected candidates need to pay the course fees and submit the required documents to confirm the selection.

Ph.D. is the highest level degree one can pursue in any specialisation and interested candidates need to go through various exams to gain admission to well-reputed institutions. Below, we have listed important PhD Law entrance exams that facilitate admission to the best colleges in India.

UGC-NET: UGC-NET stands for University Grants Commission–National Eligibility Test and it is facilities twice a year in June and December. It is conducted by the National Testing Agency and provides candidates with the position of Assistant professor in universities across the country as well as with a Junior Research Fellowship.

UGC NET Eligibility Criteria

UGC NET Preparation Tips

UGC NET Syllabus

UGC NET Exam Pattern

UGC-CSIR NET: UGC-CSIR NET stands for University Grants Commission-Council of Scientific and Industrial Research National Eligibility Test and it is conducted by the National Testing Agency. It facilitates admission to Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) programmes across various universities in India. Candidates clearing this exam are eligible to become an assistant professor in any Indian university.

CSIR UGC NET Eligibility Criteria

CSIR NET Exam Pattern

CSIR NET Syllabus

CSIR NET Cut-off

The PhD in Law cutoff is published by providers colleges annually and it depends on various factors. These factors include the difficulty level of the exam, total seat intake, and number of applicants. Also, in public colleges, reservation plays an important role in determining the PhD Law cutoff.

Generally, the cutoff of the reserved category is less compared to general category candidates. Colleges release their PhD Law cutoff for respective entrance exams on their official website, some days after the exam.

A doctorate of law course equips students with various skills such as advanced research, analytical and critical thinking. Expertise in a specific legal area and staying ahead of current legal developments are essential for success in the field. The following listed PhD Law skills are beneficial for candidates during their curriculum, although not mandatory.

Critical Thinking

Legal Research

Academic Writing

Strong Communication

Presentation Skills

The PhD Law curriculum is of three to six years duration and divided into six to twelve semesters respectively. The first semester provides techniques and tools for legal research followed by the necessary skills for conducting research in the second semester. Below, we have compiled the PhD Law subjects taught at GGSIPU Delhi .

The governing body of the institution determines the course fees and includes tuition fees, admission fees, security deposit, and other service charges. The PhD Law fees vary across institutions and public colleges generally have low fees compared to private colleges. The average PhD Law fees range from Rs. 16,800 to Rs. 6.25 lakhs, depending on the choice of college.

A PhD in Law offers diverse career paths, including academia, legal research, policy analysis, and consulting. It provides expertise in specialised areas of law and opens doors to roles in universities, think tanks, government agencies, and international organisations. Graduates can also explore international opportunities if they have specialised in international law .

After graduating with a doctoral law degree, candidates can find employment in both the public and private sectors offering high-paying job roles. Below are some of the most pursued PhD in Law job roles.

Judges : Judges preside over legal proceedings, and interpret and apply the law. They impart decisions or verdicts based on the evidence presented in court.

Legal Advisors : Legal advisors are individuals with high expertise in law and related subjects. They are hired by the government, large companies, and other organisations for legal advice.

Academicians : Academicians are professionals whose primary work involves teaching and research activities. They are specialists in any one subject and are hired by colleges and universities.

Researchers : Researchers are individuals who conduct research and investigate topics of their interest or specialty. They work for any private organisation, government department, or university or conduct their own research.

Lawyers : Lawyers are professionals with high legal knowledge and they can also be called attorneys, solicitors, counsellors, or barristers. They represent their clients in legal proceedings before courts.

Many recruiters in India, both private and public, hire professionals with legal expertise for various roles. Graduating from top law schools will provide students with worthy job roles and a high salary package, allowing them to pursue careers in India as well as abroad.

Hester Bioscience Ltd

Khaitan & Co

Canara Bank

All India Judicial Service

A PhD in Law allows students to explore a specific legal area and opens doors to a career in academia, allowing them to teach, publish research, and contribute to the advancement of legal knowledge. Students will develop strong research skills, critical thinking, and analytical abilities that are valuable in various professional areas.

This legal doctorate degree offers a global perspective on legal issues, especially if students’ research involves international or comparative law . It also equips students with diverse career paths in legal consulting, government advisory roles, think tanks, NGOs, and international organisations.

Various legal PhD Law job roles are available in the current job market, as all organisations sought after professionals with legal knowledge. Below, we have provided the average PhD in Law salary for respective job roles.

Source: Payscale

Hundreds of law schools and universities offer legal PhD, each having its own eligibility and application process. Below, we have compiled the list of top PhD Law colleges in India, as per the NIRF ranking.

Among top providers, several private institutions have established themselves on the list. These institutions offer excellent academic and placement records, along with other facilities. More information on these institutions is provided in the table below.

Government colleges or universities that offer PhD in Law are available in most states in India. In the following table, we have highlighted the best government PhD Law colleges in India, along with their total course fees.

A PhD in law involves in-depth research, academic writing, and the development of expertise in the legal area. This coursework generally involves project, thesis, exams, and collaboration with faculty members. However, it is essential to check the curriculum and requirements first with the institution before applying.

Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)

The Ph.D. in Law programme spans a duration of three to six years.

The curriculum emphasises constitutional law, legal theory, international law, and various specialisations and types of law.

Candidates with an LLM degree or an equivalent master's degree with a minimum of 50 per cent marks are eligible.

UGC-NET, UGC-CSIR NET (including JRF), and GATE are some of the popular entrance exams for Ph.D. in Law.

Candidates must pass a national-level or university-specific entrance exam, followed by personal interviews and group discussions in some cases. The final selection is based on overall performance and total seat intake.

Graduates can pursue careers as Judges, Legal Advisors, Academicians, Researchers, and Lawyers.

The average salary varies depending on the job profile, ranging from Rs. 6.07 LPA for Legal Advisors to Rs. 12.12 LPA for Judges.

Yes, final-year students are eligible to apply for the Ph.D. in Law programme, provided they submit all required documents at the time of admission.

Yes, in public colleges, reservation plays a role in determining the cutoff, with generally lower cutoffs for reserved categories compared to the general category.

Top recruiters include Hester Bioscience Ltd, SEBI, JAG, Reliance, Khaitan & Co, Canara Bank, Tata Group, and All India Judicial Service.

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Questions related to Ph.D

In most universities, selecting a PhD supervisor or guide is a crucial step during the application process or shortly after being accepted. You need to find a faculty member whose research interests align with your own and who is willing to mentor you throughout your PhD journey. Even if not strictly mandatory during registration, it is highly recommended to start researching potential PhD supervisors well before applying. Reaching out to faculty members whose work interests you demonstrates your initiative and allows you to discuss potential research fit. https://www.careers360.com/phd-full-form I hope it helps !

These are some of best universities where you can do your PhD:

• University of Delhi
• Jawaharlal Nehru University
• Banaras Hindu University
• Jamia Milia Islamia
• Tezpur University
• Aligarh Muslim University
• Assam University
• Visva Bharati University
• University of Hyderabad
• North-Eastern Hill University

Hope this information will help you. Thank you.

Yes, Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) offers a PhD program in Political Science that can be pursued through Hindi medium. One of IGNOU's objectives is to provide educational opportunities through Hindi and other Indian languages. IGNOU offers PhD programs in various subjects, including Hindi, through Hindi medium. Political Science is likely one of them. https://www.careers360.com/university/indira-gandhi-national-open-university-new-delhi I hope it helps!

Yes, Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) does offer a Ph.D. program in Political Science that can be pursued through Hindi medium. One of IGNOU's objectives is to make education accessible through Hindi and other Indian languages. Since IGNOU offers Hindi as a medium for various programs, it's safe to assume the Ph.D. in Political Science is also available in Hindi. https://university.careers360.com/download/ebooks/all-about-ignou I hope it helps!

Hello aspirant

Universities offering phD in philosophy are

Jadavpur university

Jawaharlal Nehru university

IIT Gandhinagar

MIT school of Humanities

Aligarh muslim university, Nirf rank 9

Amrita vishwa vidyapeetham Coimbatore , Nirf rank 7

Andhra university , Visakhapatnam

Assa. University , Guwahati

Awadesh pratap singh university, Rewa , Madhya pradesh

BU bhopal , Madhya pradesh.

Binod Bihari Mahto university ,Dhanbad, Jharkhand

Career point university,  Kota

For details you may visit the site given below

https://university.careers360.com/colleges/list-of-phd-in-philosophy-universities-in-india

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PhD Topics in Law

PhD in Law enables the young scholars to contribute to the academic field and development of law and order. It offers the career opportunities such as law teachings, legal practice, judiciary, academia, business, and clerkships. For commencing on the path of PhD, selecting a viable, interesting, and original topic is the first milestone. The topic you chose for your law research and thesis ought to be niche and relevant. It is expected from doctoral students to research and formulate a topic, but it is evident that they struggle with identifying and defining an effective topic.

Deciding upon a PhD topic in law is not less than a challenge since you have to choose a single topic out of the many legal rules governing the society with a broad history. You have to examine legal developments; legal issues, scholarly publications, and get updated with current affairs. And there are times when after much research and analysis, you are unable to come up with a focused, original, and an efficient topic. Getting ideas from the topics of recent researches or suggestions from a person who is proficient in your academic field will ease your job to figure out which particular topic or area appeals to you. This is why; our law experts are suggesting some PhD topics in Law to make this difficult task of topic selection of yours easy:

• The role of socio-economic factors in international commercial arbitration
• Impact of foreign direct investment on Indian economic developing: the mediating role of government policies
• Cybercrime and related laws : Current trends, challenges and need of reforms
• Does culture and religion manipulate the enforcement of an award in international commercial arbitration?
• Racism and prejudice in sports : A case of equality, justice and supremacy
• The legal obligations and implications in hostile takeovers of non-performing assets
• Investigating the legal status, ethical codes and guidelines in clinical and medical practices
• Marital laws in India : An illustration of Shah Bano case
• Labour laws in Indian manufacturing sector : A study on regulations, law enforcement and contemporary issues
• Economic, social and cultural rights : Extrapolating from the experiences of human rights committee

You can also derive a unique PhD topic for your Law thesis with our team of expert consultants. Contrary to popular belief, first research is done, and then the topic is formulated. We work with each of our clients and conduct a thorough research in your interest area to provide you with suggestions regarding the PhD topics. The topic delivered to you by us is 100% original and niche upon which you can conduct your research successfully. Enquire our experts today for complete PhD thesis help in Law.

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Dissertation Topics in Law for LLM Students

• Updated on  
• May 9, 2023

The last academic challenge before the completion of your postgraduate degree is a dissertation or thesis. Many students pursuing LLM are often confused while deciding the correct topic for the dissertation as it requires a lot of research. To help you with the dissertation this blog contains ideal law dissertation topics for LLM in India. Keep reading to know more!

This Blog Includes:

How to choose the best dissertation topic, advantages of choosing a good dissertation topic, criminal law dissertation topics, international law dissertation topics, family law dissertation topics, employment law dissertation topics, international commercial law dissertation topics, law dissertation topics india, intellectual property law topics in dissertation, constitutional law topics in dissertation, sports law topics in dissertation, medical law topics in dissertation, commercial law dissertation topics, company law dissertation topics, tort law dissertation topics, eu law dissertation topics, the english legal system and constitutional and administrative law dissertation topics.

A lot of research and hard work is required to decide what is a correct and valuable topic for the dissertation or thesis. It is seen in various students that before graduation the dissertation is the last hurdle in the way. It is advised to pursue a topic after valuable research and most importantly that goes with the student’s interests.

Also Read: Dissertation Topics

There are an array of benefits when you choose a good and valuable dissertation topic. These advantages include:

• This helps you in the analysis of the topic and deep research.
• Present you with a program to enhance your investigative skills.
• In explaining your subject option, you should be prepared to show how your previous research experiences ended up with great knowledge. 
• You can find a degree of education useful for postgraduate research.

Also Read: Law Entrance Exams: India & Abroad

Criminal law is the body of law regulating crime and criminal activities in India. This proves to be an important topic and is interesting as well. Some of the criminal law dissertation topics are:

• A Significant Study of Struggle against Girls in India
• Case Debate on business trial in India
• An Analysis on Terrorism and Lawlessness Against Infants in India
• A survey on Legislation against private terrorism in India
• Significant Evaluation Of Death Cost In India
• An Analysis of Juvenile Justice System and Order in India
• The appearance of the group is in the criminal law process
• The Root Elements of the Infant Mergers
• White-Collar Crime Law in India
• Criminology and Criminal Justice

Also Read: How to Write a Dissertation?

International law dissertation is another amazing topic where you can add your relevant thoughts. Some of the unique international law dissertation topics are:

• What are the significant aspects of collective civil obligations in now’s global order?
• What are the causes that cause application of foreign order at the state standard also complex?
• Figure out the very important issues encountered by establishing universal rules.
• What are the effects of accelerated market restraints on people? Can such a thing be explained?
• What are global challenges encountered by international businessmen, when installing service projects in third group societies?
• What are the effects of letting offenders continue to their native land for action?
• How seeing abuse as a foreign war case will change the position of African people?
• What are the important challenges encountered by companies that are coming in the global travel industry from the ocean.
• What universal rules regulate copy? How should this case be corrected?
• Which governmental law of the UK is sufficiently sufficient to be carried out universally?

Also Read: What is a Dissertation? Meaning, Projects, Report Work

Some of the most important and unique family law dissertation topics are:

• Separation case for father and female representatives of the group, makes it favour any particular gender or is it merely a sense
• Matrimonial Act and how it affects women who join without their permission. What is the attitude of decisions about made mergers and how can one explain it in the court of decision
• Residential part by stepmothers and offspring, how goes on the case provide everybody has their got right and place
• Youth insurance problems in the unified kingdom, which of the state shows to have very trouble with such arguments and why is it so
• Adolescent abuse-is it important to discipline your children and youths? What is the perimeter between youth abuse and correcting your children for setting their limits
• Internal disorder and its effect on the boy and female representatives personally, which of them picks up a greater claim in the mind of order and how can we get rid of that biasness
• Protection problems for separated mothers, how goes on it go and what goes on the statute have to do about the protection of the child for each mother
• How looks at the proper form thing if a man is incapable to provide and provide his house owing to lack or scarcity of means
• Long-distance communications and their fair significance cut off from the spiritual and artistic attitudes
• Minor job- what are we looking at to abolish it and how goes on our constitutional process set limits and provide that they are found

Employment law dissertation enables you to craft perfect research on your thesis or dissertation. Some of the employment law dissertation topics are:

• The link between trade and morality in the UK. An academic context.
• A study of the relationship between sports departments and their service contracts.
• The effect of variation in the business decisions of the UK after starting the EU.
• The task of infant employment regulations in the UK. How does the judiciary remain fighting developing youth employment?
• The influence of civil responsibility service in UK regulations.
• A study of the market association in the UK study of the business requirements and principles.
• A provisional review of business decisions in the station waggon part of the UK and EU. Who gets the first job benefit and rights insurance systems?
• An in-depth study of justice fees in the validities of UK legislation.

Some of the international commercial law dissertations you can choose from are:

• An assessment of the enemy-pollution bill in the UK. Its origins and effects on the state leaders.
• A strategic study of the joint cloak and how the decision can pass through it.
• The performance of UK legislation in affecting joint difficulties while preserving major human rights.
• A symposium on the differences enveloping the purview of field 33 groups do 2006 in the UK
• The effects of setting reasonable requirements for the principal’s needs. How does the organisation do well under this?
• An in-depth assessment of economic regulation programs at attending institutions in the UK.
• The effect of UNCITRAL’s performance on the unification of universal economic legislation in the UK.

Also Read: How to Write Acknowledgement for Dissertation?

Some of the Indian legal topics you can choose for your dissertation are:

• Handgun Case in India: Provision of a Different Structure
•  Animal investigation: Order in India
• Wire advertising and constitutional structure
•  Joint Civil Power and change
• Moral Orders and Cases in producing societies
• Men Investigations and Indian constitutional practice
•  Improvement of infants and proper conflict

Some of the catchy and interesting dissertation topics that you can choose as a dissertation topic for law assignment:

• Scientific advances and present IP rule in India
• IP rules and the safety of/on Internet
•  New patent statutes and digitalisation

Also Read: University of Law: Eligibility, Application, Courses & More

Here are some of the finest dissertation or thesis topics for constitutional law dissertation topics are:

• Accident plans in India: A study
• Legal exploitation and its interest: An assessment
• Application of International Cases in Indian Legal Structure
• Able expression in virtual life and Indian Custom

Also Read: Dissertation vs Thesis

A constantly fascinating subject, sports provides a large range of fields and issues to judge from to create your analysis report. It can deal with universal order, national order, carrying out parties, power, and often better.

Here are some of the finest dissertation (thesis)points on Sports law:

• Doping and Sports: National and International fair innuendo
• Legalisation of speculating in India: Law and Cons
• Handling sports organisations and their constitutional ramifications
• Transgender animals and Indian Custom

Medical law dissertation is another great topic you can choose from, some of the medical law dissertation topics are:

• Member retention: Fair experts and cons
• Miscarriage in India: A global review
• Made fertilisation: Provision of primary training to find out these matters
• Supported suicide: Fair, honest and therapeutic ethics
• Animal torture: A fair claim research

Also Read: Law Courses

Commercial Law is one such topic where a wide area of study is to be covered because it cannot be described within a single legal jurisdiction. A commercial law dissertation often involves comparisons with other countries. Listed below are some topics for Commercial Law Dissertation:

• A critical assessment of the international commercial arbitration system as a cost-effective and efficient means to administer justice in commercial disputes
• An assessment of security over personal property when it comes to the matter of possessory and non-possessory forms of security and other legal devices
• An investigation of the emergence of new manifestations of international commercial law
• A critical assessment of the passing of risk in the commercial law in England and Wales
• A critical assessment of the Future of consumer protection in England and Wales in the post-Brexit era

There is a great scope of producing an effective Company Law Dissertation as it provides you with potential sources. From the Companies Act 2006 to corporate governance, you have a lot of options to choose from. Listed below are some great Company Law Dissertation Topics:

• A critical analysis of the shareholder versus stakeholder basis of corporate governance
• Arguments for and against ‘stakeholder theory’ and to what extent are they still valid?
• Should the OECD’s Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital 2010 be ratified into UK Law?
• To what extent has Environmental Law merged together Vicarious and Corporate Liability
• Is the English maintenance of the “internal management” model failing to bring company law in the 21st Century?

The word Tort comes from the Latin term torture which means “Wrong”. In simple terms, Tort Law is supposed to address the civil wrongs done to a person, accidentally or incidentally. The victim/injured/aggrieved party is provided with compensation for the damages.

This area of law is one of the most important aspects of law study as it demonstrates the circumstances through which an individual is held accountable for another party’s injury either done intentionally or omissions or even by accident. Listed below are some topics for a Tort Law Dissertation to make it easier for you to draft an effective dissertation:

• Importance of foreseeability and policy in establishing a duty of care
• Analysis of the rules regarding the recovery of economic losses in tortious actions
• When it comes to matters of occupiers’ liability under the Occupiers Liability Acts of 1957 and 1984 respectively, when is a trespasser, not a trespasser?
• Wrongful Restraint of a man’s Liberty: Meaning, Defense and Remedy
• Why might the duty of care afforded to children be considered to be a step too far regarding the recognition of tortious liability?

Also Read: All About PhD Thesis

EU Law is considered as an expandable area of academic interest, particularly due to the UK’s recent Brexit from the Union. There is a wide range of dissertation topics you can consider for an EU Law Dissertation, from UK’s Brexit to the superiority of EU Law. Listed below are some great dissertation topics to start with your EU Law Dissertation:

• Critical Analysis of the UK’s Separation from the EU.
• Brexit and EU economy: How the UK’s decision has affected EU trade.
• An argument: Is EU Law actually superior?
• Importance of the enforcement actions against EU Member States as part of the European law-making process.
• How has the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of 1950 contributed to the recognition of human rights internationally?

The English Legal System and Constitutional and Administrative Law may be classified into 3 key areas-

• The nature of the Constitution may be considered in areas including, but not limited to, the recognition and application of conventions and the rule of law. 
• Evaluation of the roles of the legislature, executive and parliament in the context of the recognition of the separation of powers, which could include legislation’s passage through Parliament, the delegation of legislation, the relationship between Parliament, the crown and the Royal Prerogative, and the executive, legislative and judiciary’s relationship.
• Judicial Review includes the basis for intervention, such as ultra vires and illegality, procedural irregularity, irrationality, proportionality, and the nemo judex rule.

A number of areas can be covered in this dissertation as the English Legal System and Constitutional and Administrative Law is quite different from other legal systems as the role of the judge differs in an adversarial system. The major difference is in how a trial is pursued. Some topics for an English Legal System and Constitutional and Administrative Law Dissertation are as mentioned below:

• The Role of natural justice  in the UK Constitution
• Are conventions still a valid part of the UK Constitution?
• Is the Royal Prerogative an essential part of the British Constitution?
• Are the current models of statutory interpretation fit for purpose, especially as the jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) and European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) infer a more active approach for judges?
• In what ways will the relationship between constitutional and administrative law in England and Wales be affected by Brexit?

The following are the popular law universities in the world: Harvard University Columbia University Stanford University

Here are some of the finest dissertation or thesis topics for constitutional law dissertation topics are: Accident plans in India: A study Legal exploitation and its interest: An assessment Application of International Cases in the Indian Legal Structure Able expression in virtual life and Indian Custom

The average salary of a lawyer in India is 3.5 Lakh per year.

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100 Law Dissertation Topics For LLM in India

100 Law Dissertation Topics For LLM in India – A Master of Laws (LLM) is a postgraduate degree that focuses on specialized legal training for individuals who already possess a law degree. In India, pursuing an LLM is a popular option for law graduates who wish to further their education and specialize in a particular area of law. A crucial aspect of completing an LLM in India is writing a dissertation, which involves conducting independent research on a legal topic of the student’s choice. Here are some Law Dissertation Topics for LLM in India.

• The role of the judiciary in promoting social justice in India
• Human rights and the Indian constitution
• The effectiveness of Alternative Dispute Resolution mechanisms in India
• Intellectual Property Rights and the Indian legal framework
• The impact of the Right to Information Act on Indian democracy
• The legal and ethical implications of surrogacy in India
• The regulation of cryptocurrencies in India
• Cybersecurity laws in India: current status and future prospects
• The intersection of gender and law in India
• The liability of online intermediaries under Indian law
• The legal and ethical implications of artificial intelligence in India
• The regulation of e-commerce in India: challenges and opportunities
• The intersection of law and medicine in India
• The role of NGOs in promoting access to justice in India
• The legal framework for environmental protection in India
• The Indian judiciary and the separation of powers
• The constitutional validity of the death penalty in India
• The regulation of insider trading in India
• The impact of the Goods and Services Tax on Indian businesses
• The regulation of foreign investment in India: challenges and opportunities
• The role of the National Green Tribunal in environmental protection in India
• The Indian banking sector and the prevention of financial crimes
• The Indian judiciary and the protection of fundamental rights
• The legal framework for corporate social responsibility in India
• The regulation of medical negligence in India
• The impact of intellectual property rights on pharmaceutical innovation in India
• The Indian legal framework for data protection and privacy
• The legal and ethical implications of genetically modified organisms in India
• The Indian legal framework for child protection and welfare
• The regulation of online defamation in India
• The Indian legal framework for labor rights and industrial relations
• The impact of globalization on Indian competition law
• The legal and ethical implications of assisted suicide in India
• The Indian legal framework for consumer protection
• The regulation of food safety and standards in India
• The Indian legal framework for animal rights and welfare
• The role of the media in shaping public opinion on legal issues in India
• The regulation of medical malpractice in India
• The Indian legal framework for juvenile justice
• The impact of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code on the Indian economy
• The Indian legal framework for disaster management
• The legal and ethical implications of artificial reproductive technologies in India
• The regulation of online gambling in India
• The Indian legal framework for child marriage prevention
• The impact of the Companies Act, 2013 on Indian corporate governance
• The Indian legal framework for intellectual property licensing
• The regulation of medical research in India
• The Indian legal framework for renewable energy
• The legal and ethical implications of animal testing in India
• The regulation of multi-level marketing in India
• The Indian legal framework for copyright infringement
• The impact of the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act on the Indian real estate sector
• The Indian legal framework for data retention and surveillance
• The regulation of ride-hailing services in India
• The legal and ethical implications of climate change in India
• The Indian legal framework for franchise agreements
• The impact of demonetization on the Indian economy and its legal implications
• The Indian legal framework for cross-border insolvency
• The regulation of drone operations in India
• The legal and ethical implications of biometric authentication in India
• The role of the Indian Constitution in protecting fundamental rights.
• The scope and limitations of the right to freedom of speech and expression in India.
• The constitutional framework for protecting the rights of minorities in India.
• The constitutional validity of affirmative action policies in India.
• The evolution of the doctrine of basic structure and its impact on Indian constitutional law.
• The constitutional protection of religious freedom in India.
• The intersection between environmental law and constitutional law in India.
• The constitutional framework for ensuring accountability in public governance in India.
• The constitutional validity of the death penalty in India.
• The role of the judiciary in protecting human rights under the Indian Constitution.
• The constitutional framework for protecting the rights of women in India.
• The constitutional framework for protecting the rights of children in India.
• The constitutional validity of the right to privacy in India.
• The role of the President and Governors under the Indian Constitution.
• The constitutional framework for ensuring social justice in India.
• The constitutional validity of anti-defection laws in India.
• The constitutional framework for protecting the rights of disabled persons in India.
• The constitutional validity of the Right to Education Act in India.
• The constitutional framework for ensuring economic rights in India.
• The constitutional protection of property rights in India.
• The role of the Election Commission of India under the Indian Constitution.
• The constitutional framework for ensuring the independence of the judiciary in India.
• The constitutional validity of the sedition law in India.
• The constitutional framework for protecting the rights of LGBTQ+ persons in India.
• The constitutional framework for ensuring the right to a fair trial in India.
• The constitutional validity of reservation policies in India.
• The constitutional framework for protecting the rights of migrant workers in India.
• The constitutional validity of the National Register of Citizens (NRC) in India.
• The constitutional framework for protecting the rights of prisoners in India.
• The constitutional validity of the Triple Talaq law in India.
• The constitutional framework for protecting the rights of indigenous peoples in India.
• The constitutional validity of the Right to Information Act in India.
• The constitutional framework for ensuring transparency and accountability in the governance of political parties in India.
• The constitutional validity of the Aadhaar (UID) scheme in India.
• The constitutional framework for ensuring the right to health in India.
• The constitutional protection of the right to protest in India.
• The constitutional validity of the anti-conversion laws in India.
• The constitutional framework for protecting the rights of persons with mental illnesses in India.
• The constitutional framework for protecting the rights of refugees in India.

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Relocating to Stuart like 'Twilight Zone'; Martin sheriff opines on addiction center

Relocation to stuart good "twilight zone"-type experience.

We are artists, have been married for more than 40 years and have explored various countries, living in the Dominican Republic most of the time. We spent many years in South Florida and at the tender age of 75, we decided to cash it in and move back to Florida.

Our oldest daughter relocated and purchased a home in Stuart in Martin County. We followed her to Stuart and three or four months after, we discovered how pleasant Stuart and its residents are.

While driving, I mentioned to Mayra: “Have you noticed how polite the people of Stuart are?”

Entering or leaving stores, we were met with smiles and courtesy, strangers opened doors and asked us if we needed help carrying packages, always with smiles and some cheerful comments. Even while driving, cars would give us the right of way with smiles and waves of the hands. We waved back, saying thanks.

I could hear the voice of Rod Sterling in my head as he would recite his monologue before every "Twilight Zone" episode:

”Here we have Mr. and Mrs. Velez. They reached their 75th birthdays and are ready to re-retire in the friendly and hospitable town of Stuart, Florida, full of smiles and helpful and friendly people. Like them, they also searched for a friendly retirement. Little did they realize their last stop was here in Stuart, Florida: forwarding address, with a signpost up ahead, the Twilight Zone.”

In the background, I could hear the famous "Twilight Zone" theme music, de de de ti, de de de ti …

It is a real pleasure, Stuart.

Denis Velez, Stuart

Martin County sheriff offered good reason to oppose rehab center

After reading Blake Fontenay's column, "Shunning addiction center sends uncaring message about our community," I could not help but think he might have missed a news story in another media outlet a few weeks ago.

It was about a man from out of state who came to Florida for substance abuse treatment only to leave the treatment facility a few days later against medical advice and, after allegedly scoring a bunch of drugs and then stealing a car, led Martin County Sheriff officers on a high-speed chase that ended in a terrifying crash. Luckily, no one was killed as a result.

Against this backdrop, is there any wonder why Sheriff William Snyder, along with much of the local community, are adamantly against the proposed 140-bed substance abuse treatment facility in Stuart?

Joe O'Grady, Palm City

DeSantis expenses: Keep public in loop

"Florida conceals records on DeSantis travel costs," reads the headline May 20 in your newspaper.

It may be more appropriate if it read: "Public figure. Public money. Public disclosure."

The new law (from 2023) is argued that it blocks the public from knowing. I say change that law, or, if the governor is for the citizens of Florida, keep them in the loop.

Ronald D. Roberts, Sebastian

High-profile Trump detractors have one thing in common

Michael Cohen, George Conway, Mitt Romney, Chris Christie, Stormy Daniels: What do they all have in common?

They were all looking for something from President Donald Trump, a position in his White House or a spot on "The Apprentice," and like children when not getting their way, became angry ―- and nasty, vengeful adults.

Joan Hall, Vero Beach

Lies about Biden, Israel show GOP hypocrisy

GOP critics of President Joe Biden's decision to withhold 2,000-pound bombs from alleged war criminal Benjamin Netanyahu's murderous attack on innocent Gaza civilians use typical GOP distortions and lies.

Fact: Far from defeating Hamas, those bombs destroy whole city blocks, killing masses of innocents while not penetrating the Hamas tunnels, where terrorists operate and hide hostages.

Fact: Biden continues to send defensive weapons (Iron Shield) to Israel.

Fact: These same GOP critics in Congress blocked and delayed by six months Biden's bipartisan legislation providing crucial military aid to Ukraine and Israel.

Fact: Right-wing extremists like Marjorie Taylor Greene attack House Speaker Mike Johnson for working with Democrats to save Ukraine and delay Netanyahu's genocidal policies.

Fact: We need a policy that establishes a Palestinian-Israeli policy that enables both sides to live in peace and security. This means self-governance in Gaza after Hamas is destroyed by means similar to those Gen. David Petraeus used to pacify Iraq by isolating and destroying Arab terrorists.

Voting Democratic in November will promote a path to peace in Gaza and victory over Donald Trump's pal Vladimir Putin in Ukraine. It's time to "throw the bums out" and, sadly, the once honorable Grand Old Party now has the "bums" at every level of our government.

Hopefully, such cleansing will bring the GOP to its senses and restore a functioning Congress for all Americans , not just the rich and powerful.

Robert A. Gibbons, Stuart

Make America land of opportunity again

Donald Trump promises everything is going to be all right. 

He’ll close the border — again.  He’ll make us energy independent — again.  He’ll rebuild our national defense — again. 

We trust him because he did these things before. 

He says he’ll cut inflation. It was only 1.9% under him. Prices are up 20% since Joe Biden took office. We all know that Biden opened the border to 10 million illegal immigrants and now won’t close it. Biden tries to buy votes; for example, student loan forgiveness. The Supreme Court says no; he tries anyway. Trump cut taxes big time; Biden says he’ll raise them.

Starting with the rout in Afghanistan, our foreign policy is a mess. Trump kept the wolves guessing. Biden is on the verge of World War III.

We need a full-scale housecleaning. Beginning at the top, electing Trump is a good start, but even a strong leader is not enough. We have to vote the career do-nothings out of office and replace them with patriots who will help Trump complete his agenda. This means electing Republican majorities in both houses.

What is Trump's agenda? In addition to the items listed above, he’ll cancel programs that are obsolete and shift funds to other areas. In the long run, eliminating overregulation and government spending opens opportunity for market solutions. 

John Kennedy and Ronald Reagan proved tax cuts free up capital for new technologies and economic expansion. This growth creates new jobs and a more competitive society. 

America was the land of opportunity. It can be again.

Tom Miller, Vero Beach

DeSantis, Legislature, GOP endanger Florida with climate change law

Per your recent front-page story, " Bill's OK cuts references to climate change ":

Gov. Ron DeSantis continues the ignorance of the Rick Scott administration and has signed legislation that disallows any mention of the phrase "climate change." This is just another example of his disagreements with scientific evidence available to those who circumscribe to facts and truth.

Climate change is a known fact; to say otherwise is foolish and dangerous.

This news assaulted our senses when the National Weather Service issued the highest heat warning possible and meteorologists have issued "serious" heat advisories only May 17, not Sept. 17. These warnings were not just concerning Florida, but many other states.

Has the current GOP been diagnosed with brain death?

The majority of that party has now joined the MAGA cult, so it should be no surprise to see this dogged reliance on lies and disinformation.

Due to word limitation, I cannot list each of the anti-climate changes enacted by this legislation and noted in the article, but please read it in total to get the full gist as it is fairly disturbing for anyone who believes in a fair democratic process. Governor Cruel strikes again. 

I will end by adding this quote from Greg Knecht, executive director of The Nature Conservancy:

"Striking climate change language from the current law not only harms Florida's future, but our present economy, too. This bill is a disservice to the renewable energy sector, local communities and all Floridians."

It's a sad state of affairs when your governor and his GOP controlled Legislature can, at will, destroy our environment, mock scientific information and degrade our living conditions. 

Sharon E. Garland, Hobe Sound

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• May 24, 2024   •   25:18 Whales Have an Alphabet
• May 23, 2024   •   34:24 I.C.C. Prosecutor Requests Warrants for Israeli and Hamas Leaders
• May 22, 2024   •   23:20 Biden’s Open War on Hidden Fees
• May 21, 2024   •   24:14 The Crypto Comeback
• May 20, 2024   •   31:51 Was the 401(k) a Mistake?
• May 19, 2024   •   33:23 The Sunday Read: ‘Why Did This Guy Put a Song About Me on Spotify?’
• May 17, 2024   •   51:10 The Campus Protesters Explain Themselves
• May 16, 2024   •   30:47 The Make-or-Break Testimony of Michael Cohen
• May 15, 2024   •   27:03 The Possible Collapse of the U.S. Home Insurance System
• May 14, 2024   •   35:20 Voters Want Change. In Our Poll, They See It in Trump.
• May 13, 2024   •   27:46 How Biden Adopted Trump’s Trade War With China
• May 10, 2024   •   27:42 Stormy Daniels Takes the Stand

Whales Have an Alphabet

Until the 1960s, it was uncertain whether whales made any sounds at all..

Hosted by Michael Barbaro

Featuring Carl Zimmer

Produced by Alex Stern ,  Stella Tan ,  Sydney Harper and Nina Feldman

Edited by MJ Davis Lin

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Engineered by Alyssa Moxley

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Ever since the discovery of whale songs almost 60 years ago, scientists have been trying to decipher the lyrics.

But sperm whales don’t produce the eerie melodies sung by humpback whales, sounds that became a sensation in the 1960s. Instead, sperm whales rattle off clicks that sound like a cross between Morse code and a creaking door. Carl Zimmer, a science reporter, explains why it’s possible that the whales are communicating in a complex language.

On today’s episode

Carl Zimmer , a science reporter for The New York Times who also writes the Origins column .

Background reading

Scientists find an “alphabet” in whale songs.

These whales still use their vocal cords. But how?

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