How Do You Use et al. in Scientific Papers? (with many examples)
How to write an et al
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How to write an et al
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How Do You Use et al. in Scientific Papers? (with many examples)
Maybe the most common problem in using et al. is knowing where to put the period. It should be after the "al." and not after the "et". This is because, as mentioned, "et al." is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase "et alia.". The "et" is itself a word. The "et al." may be followed by any other punctuation. For example:
Et Al.
Revised on November 10, 2022. "Et al." is short for the Latin term "et alia," which means "and others.". It is used in academic citations when referring to a source with multiple authors. Example: Using "et al.". Hulme et al. (2019) argue that ….
How to Use Et Al. Effectively in Your Research Paper
Use "et al." when a source has a large list of authors: When there are several authors of a source, the term "et al." is used to shorten the citation, and it is commonly used when there are three or more writers; nevertheless, verify your citation style guidelines. After the first author's name, add "et al.".
How to Use Et Al. in Every Format—Et Al. Meaning
In the bibliography section of your paper, you can use et al. for academic citations of sources with four or more authors. Unlike Chicago, you don't have to list a certain number of authors before you list et al.—you can simply use et al. after the first author's name. Here are two examples, one for a book citation and one for a web citation ...
When to use et al. in APA citation style
Only use et al. in in-text citations. The abbreviation "et al." is used only for in-text citations in the 7 th edition. This is a big change from the 6 th edition where it was also used in the reference list. This means that references in APA 7 do NOT use the phrase "et al." In-text citation format with et al.
Using "et al." for in-text citations in research papers
Papers with three or more authors are always cited giving the name of the first author followed by et al. Papers with six or more authors are always cited giving the name of the first author followed by et al. Therefore, it is best to style in-text citations after studying the instructions to authors of your target journal as well as its recent ...
Using et al.
According to Lai and Sookochoff (2018)…. In APA 7, for a work with three or more authors, list the first author and "et al." for all citations, including the first citation, unless doing so would create ambiguity. (Note that this rule has changed from APA 6 guidelines on using "et al.," which recommend listing all author names in the ...
How to Use ''et al.'' in APA Style (7th Edition)
The term ''et al.'' is the abbreviated form of the Latin term ''et alia,'' which means ''and others.''. It is used in academic in-text citations when referring to a source with multiple authors. In APA style, for a source with three or more authors, list the first author's last name and "et al." for all citations ...
The Proper Use of Et Al. in APA Style
Namely, use et al. as usual but also include lowercase letters after the year (2010a, 2010b, etc.) to tell the references apart. For more information and examples on citing references in text, see Chapter 6 of our sixth edition Publication Manual (pp. 174-179).
"Et al." Meaning and Examples
Et al. is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase et alia or et alii, which translates to and others or and colleagues. The use of Latin abbreviations in academic writing dates back to the Renaissance period when Latin was the lingua franca of scholars. Et al. became a shorthand way to indicate multiple authors without the need for lengthy lists.
How to Effectively Use "Et al." in APA, MLA, and Chicago Style
For example, if a research paper has four authors, instead of listing all the authors every time their names are mentioned, the first author's name is followed by "et al." after the first mention. ... Inconsistent use of "et al." in the same work: If "et al." is used to shorten a list of authors in one citation, it should be used consistently ...
What does 'et al.' mean and How to Use 'et al.' in a Research Paper
A majority of researchers wonder how to use et al. in a research paper. Et al. is one of the most commonly used Latin abbreviations, just like as, etc., versus, circa, ibid. and id., and often crops up in academic writing.While the English phrases of all these above mentioned words are acceptable, researchers use Latin abbreviations as they take less time and fewer characters to write.
When to use "et al." in Harvard referencing style
Create manual citation. " Et al. " is used in Harvard style to indicate that a source has four or more authors. By using " et al. ", writers can also avoid having very long citations that list every single author. For more help creating Harvard-style citations that use " et al. ", try the EasyBib Harvard referencing generator!
In-Text Citations: Author/Authors
In et al., et should not be followed by a period. Only "al" should be followed by a period. ... A similar study was done of students learning to format research papers ("Using Citations," 2001). Note: In the rare case that "Anonymous" is used for the author, treat it as the author's name (Anonymous, 2001). In the reference list, use the name ...
When to Use Author "et al." in Citation and References
Always write "et al." in lowercase and include a period after "al.", even when it appears in the middle of a sentence. The abbreviation "et al." replaces author names in endnotes, footnotes, and in-text citations; it depends on the target journal whether "author et al." citation style can also be used in the reference list or ...
How to Use Et Al. in Every Format: A Comprehensive Guide
Introduction: Whether you're a researcher working on an academic paper, a researcher citing multiple authors, or simply someone looking to enhance their writing skills, understanding how to use "Et Al." correctly is crucial. This guide will walk you through the ins and releases of using "Et Al." in different formats, ensuring you communicate your sources accurately and professionally.
How to Use "Et al." in Academic Writing
One lesser known use of "et al." is as an abbreviation of "et alibi." "Et alibi" translates to "and elsewhere.". It is used in academic writing to indicate locations that do not appear in a list. For example, we could write "Magpies of the genus Pica are found in temperate regions of Europe, Asia, et alibi.".
3 Ways to Use Et Al
First citation - (Balboa, Creed, & Drago, 1985) Subsequent citations - (Balboa et al., 1985) 3. Apply et al. to all citations of works with six or more authors. Listing six or more authors is cumbersome, even for the initial reference. As such, using et al. allows the shortening of such references universally.
Deciphering et al Meaning and Use with a Variety of Formats
This is because the meaning of et al. is "all others". For instance: Zoe H et al. (2023) mention that…. Using "et al." without providing the year or publication details in the citation. Including the abbreviation "et al." in the reference list instead of listing all authors. Never confuse et al. with etc.
Use of et al.
In a Nutshell. Et al. is an abbreviation for a Latin term "et alia" which means "and others.". The expression is commonly used in academic papers when a writer wants to cite more than one author. Each citation style has its own rules on how to use et al. in both the in-text citations and in the works cited section.
Using 'Et Al.' in Research Papers: What It Means and How to Use It
The correct way to use et al. in your writing is to put two periods after the abbreviation, followed by the word 'and', followed by the word 'others'. All lowercase letters and no italics or quotation marks are used for et al. Since the phrase 'and others' is a part of the original title, you don't need to italicize or put ...
Mastering Et Al: The Essential Guide to Proper Usage in Academic
It covers everything from the definition and correct use to common errors to avoid, citation styles that use et al, alternatives, and advanced techniques for using this abbreviation correctly. ... In academic writing, citations are an integral part of any research paper. They establish the credibility of the writer by providing evidence for ...
Clinical Reasoning of a Generative Artificial Intelligence Model
Limitations For clinical cases chosen…there seemed to be lack of compensation for inter rater variability for the 5 EDITORS chosen? For survey, lack of demographical data for residents and attendees besides pgy1 since most internal medical residents are pgy1…pgy2 they are more specialized ..ie ophthalmology
[2404.07143] Leave No Context Behind: Efficient Infinite Context
Leave No Context Behind: Efficient Infinite Context Transformers with Infini-attention. This work introduces an efficient method to scale Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) to infinitely long inputs with bounded memory and computation. A key component in our proposed approach is a new attention technique dubbed Infini-attention.
Extreme work in organizations: mapping the field and a future research
Systematic review: scope and methodology. To bring coherence to a fragmented and diverse field of investigation we conducted a systematic review using the 15-step method developed by Bolt et al. (Citation 2022) (Figure 1).Following Bolt et al. (Citation 2022), we categorized our approach in 'bite size' sections.Steps 1-4 involved identification of the parameters of the field and ...
PDF CHAPTER 1: Index Report 2024 Research and Development
Source: Shumailov et al., 2023 1.3 Frontier AI Research Chapter 1: Research and Development Figure 1.3.9 7 In the context of generative models, density refers to the level of complexity and variation in the outputs produced by an AI model. Models that have a higher generation density produce a wider range of higher-quality outputs.
Use of et al.
Use of et al.: Definition. Definition 1: et al. and others: It's an abbreviation of 'et alii' which is used when the author is referring to a group of people. Definition 2: et al. and elsewhere: Authors use it when they want to refer to other occurrences in the text. Why it's used: When citing papers that use the name and dating system, it can prove awkward when the author provides a ...
PDF Deepening our Understanding of Savings Automation in Retirement and N
enrolled participants, particularly when combined with automatic escalation (Vanguard Research 2021; Beshears et al. 2017). Although the literature on non-retirement savings is smaller, a quasi- ... (see, for instance, Hardisty, et al. 2013). As we described in our 2018 paper, the implied rate of return for this tradeoff is approximately 23.4% ...
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Maybe the most common problem in using et al. is knowing where to put the period. It should be after the "al." and not after the "et". This is because, as mentioned, "et al." is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase "et alia.". The "et" is itself a word. The "et al." may be followed by any other punctuation. For example:
Revised on November 10, 2022. "Et al." is short for the Latin term "et alia," which means "and others.". It is used in academic citations when referring to a source with multiple authors. Example: Using "et al.". Hulme et al. (2019) argue that ….
Use "et al." when a source has a large list of authors: When there are several authors of a source, the term "et al." is used to shorten the citation, and it is commonly used when there are three or more writers; nevertheless, verify your citation style guidelines. After the first author's name, add "et al.".
In the bibliography section of your paper, you can use et al. for academic citations of sources with four or more authors. Unlike Chicago, you don't have to list a certain number of authors before you list et al.—you can simply use et al. after the first author's name. Here are two examples, one for a book citation and one for a web citation ...
Only use et al. in in-text citations. The abbreviation "et al." is used only for in-text citations in the 7 th edition. This is a big change from the 6 th edition where it was also used in the reference list. This means that references in APA 7 do NOT use the phrase "et al." In-text citation format with et al.
Papers with three or more authors are always cited giving the name of the first author followed by et al. Papers with six or more authors are always cited giving the name of the first author followed by et al. Therefore, it is best to style in-text citations after studying the instructions to authors of your target journal as well as its recent ...
According to Lai and Sookochoff (2018)…. In APA 7, for a work with three or more authors, list the first author and "et al." for all citations, including the first citation, unless doing so would create ambiguity. (Note that this rule has changed from APA 6 guidelines on using "et al.," which recommend listing all author names in the ...
The term ''et al.'' is the abbreviated form of the Latin term ''et alia,'' which means ''and others.''. It is used in academic in-text citations when referring to a source with multiple authors. In APA style, for a source with three or more authors, list the first author's last name and "et al." for all citations ...
Namely, use et al. as usual but also include lowercase letters after the year (2010a, 2010b, etc.) to tell the references apart. For more information and examples on citing references in text, see Chapter 6 of our sixth edition Publication Manual (pp. 174-179).
Et al. is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase et alia or et alii, which translates to and others or and colleagues. The use of Latin abbreviations in academic writing dates back to the Renaissance period when Latin was the lingua franca of scholars. Et al. became a shorthand way to indicate multiple authors without the need for lengthy lists.
For example, if a research paper has four authors, instead of listing all the authors every time their names are mentioned, the first author's name is followed by "et al." after the first mention. ... Inconsistent use of "et al." in the same work: If "et al." is used to shorten a list of authors in one citation, it should be used consistently ...
A majority of researchers wonder how to use et al. in a research paper. Et al. is one of the most commonly used Latin abbreviations, just like as, etc., versus, circa, ibid. and id., and often crops up in academic writing.While the English phrases of all these above mentioned words are acceptable, researchers use Latin abbreviations as they take less time and fewer characters to write.
Create manual citation. " Et al. " is used in Harvard style to indicate that a source has four or more authors. By using " et al. ", writers can also avoid having very long citations that list every single author. For more help creating Harvard-style citations that use " et al. ", try the EasyBib Harvard referencing generator!
In et al., et should not be followed by a period. Only "al" should be followed by a period. ... A similar study was done of students learning to format research papers ("Using Citations," 2001). Note: In the rare case that "Anonymous" is used for the author, treat it as the author's name (Anonymous, 2001). In the reference list, use the name ...
Always write "et al." in lowercase and include a period after "al.", even when it appears in the middle of a sentence. The abbreviation "et al." replaces author names in endnotes, footnotes, and in-text citations; it depends on the target journal whether "author et al." citation style can also be used in the reference list or ...
Introduction: Whether you're a researcher working on an academic paper, a researcher citing multiple authors, or simply someone looking to enhance their writing skills, understanding how to use "Et Al." correctly is crucial. This guide will walk you through the ins and releases of using "Et Al." in different formats, ensuring you communicate your sources accurately and professionally.
One lesser known use of "et al." is as an abbreviation of "et alibi." "Et alibi" translates to "and elsewhere.". It is used in academic writing to indicate locations that do not appear in a list. For example, we could write "Magpies of the genus Pica are found in temperate regions of Europe, Asia, et alibi.".
First citation - (Balboa, Creed, & Drago, 1985) Subsequent citations - (Balboa et al., 1985) 3. Apply et al. to all citations of works with six or more authors. Listing six or more authors is cumbersome, even for the initial reference. As such, using et al. allows the shortening of such references universally.
This is because the meaning of et al. is "all others". For instance: Zoe H et al. (2023) mention that…. Using "et al." without providing the year or publication details in the citation. Including the abbreviation "et al." in the reference list instead of listing all authors. Never confuse et al. with etc.
In a Nutshell. Et al. is an abbreviation for a Latin term "et alia" which means "and others.". The expression is commonly used in academic papers when a writer wants to cite more than one author. Each citation style has its own rules on how to use et al. in both the in-text citations and in the works cited section.
The correct way to use et al. in your writing is to put two periods after the abbreviation, followed by the word 'and', followed by the word 'others'. All lowercase letters and no italics or quotation marks are used for et al. Since the phrase 'and others' is a part of the original title, you don't need to italicize or put ...
It covers everything from the definition and correct use to common errors to avoid, citation styles that use et al, alternatives, and advanced techniques for using this abbreviation correctly. ... In academic writing, citations are an integral part of any research paper. They establish the credibility of the writer by providing evidence for ...
Limitations For clinical cases chosen…there seemed to be lack of compensation for inter rater variability for the 5 EDITORS chosen? For survey, lack of demographical data for residents and attendees besides pgy1 since most internal medical residents are pgy1…pgy2 they are more specialized ..ie ophthalmology
Leave No Context Behind: Efficient Infinite Context Transformers with Infini-attention. This work introduces an efficient method to scale Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) to infinitely long inputs with bounded memory and computation. A key component in our proposed approach is a new attention technique dubbed Infini-attention.
Systematic review: scope and methodology. To bring coherence to a fragmented and diverse field of investigation we conducted a systematic review using the 15-step method developed by Bolt et al. (Citation 2022) (Figure 1).Following Bolt et al. (Citation 2022), we categorized our approach in 'bite size' sections.Steps 1-4 involved identification of the parameters of the field and ...
Source: Shumailov et al., 2023 1.3 Frontier AI Research Chapter 1: Research and Development Figure 1.3.9 7 In the context of generative models, density refers to the level of complexity and variation in the outputs produced by an AI model. Models that have a higher generation density produce a wider range of higher-quality outputs.
Use of et al.: Definition. Definition 1: et al. and others: It's an abbreviation of 'et alii' which is used when the author is referring to a group of people. Definition 2: et al. and elsewhere: Authors use it when they want to refer to other occurrences in the text. Why it's used: When citing papers that use the name and dating system, it can prove awkward when the author provides a ...
enrolled participants, particularly when combined with automatic escalation (Vanguard Research 2021; Beshears et al. 2017). Although the literature on non-retirement savings is smaller, a quasi- ... (see, for instance, Hardisty, et al. 2013). As we described in our 2018 paper, the implied rate of return for this tradeoff is approximately 23.4% ...