essay for upsc in english pdf

UPSC Essay Topic wise Question Papers of last 31 years (1993-2023) for Civil Services IAS/IPS Exam Free Download

In the UPSC mains examination, essay paper is worth 250 marks and three hours. Here is the topic wise questions from the earlier years for the benefit of civil service IAS IPS aspirants.

1.1 India Since Independence

1.2 federalism, decentralization, 1.3 administration, 1.4 judiciary, 1.5 poverty, social justice, 1.6 indian society, culture and values, 1.7 media, tv & cinema, literature, 2.1 growth vs development, 2.2 environment vs development, 2.4 sectors of economy, 3.1 values in education, 3.2 scheme implementation, 3.3 higher education, 4.1 character, honesty, ethics, 4.2 knowledge, 4.3 compassion, 4.4 truth and reality, 4.5 youth, discipline, 4.6 towards excellence, 5.1 @national politics, 5.2 @world / quote type, 5.3 empowerment overall, 5.4 compared to men, 6.1 globalization, 6.2 international org./ bilateral, 6.3 security, 6.4 history, 7.1 science and religion, 7.2 science and education, 7.3 computer and internet, 7.4 sci-tech: others, appendix: linear paper of upsc essay 2023, appendix: linear paper of upsc essay 2022, appendix: model answer pe free lecture & powerpoint, appendix: syllabus of essay paper in upsc, 1 india: democracy, administration, society, culture.

Is the Colonial mentality hindering India’s Success? -2013
In the context of Gandhiji’s views on the matter, explore, on an evolutionary scale, the terms ‘Swadhinata’, ‘Swaraj’ and ‘Dharmarajya’. Critically comment on their contemporary relevance to Indian democracy -2012
Dreams which should not let India sleep. -2015
Why should we be proud of being Indians? -2000
Whither Indian democracy? -1995
How far has democracy in India delivered the goods? -2003
What we have not learnt during fifty years of independence. -1997
What have we gained from our democratic set-up? -2001
My vision of India in 2001 a.d. -1993
Impact of the new economic measures on fiscal ties between the union and states in India. -2017
Water disputes between States in federal India. -2016
Cooperative federalism : Myth or reality. -2016
Creation of smaller states and the consequent administrative, economic and developmental implication -2011
Evaluation of panchayati raj system in India from the point of view of eradication of power to people. -2007
Water resources should be under the control of the central government. -2004
The language problem in India: its past, present and prospects. -1998
There are better practices to “best practices”. -2021
How should a civil servant conduct himself? -2003
Politics without ethics is a disaster. -1995
The VIP cult is a bane of Indian democracy -1996
Need for transparency in public administration -1996
The country’s need for a better disaster management system. -2000
Politics, bureaucracy and business – fatal triangle. -1994
We may brave human laws but cannot resist natural laws. -2017
Justice must reach the poor -2005
Judicial activism and Indian democracy. -2004
Judicial activism. -1997
A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity. (- जिस समाज में अधिक न्याय होता है उस समाज को दान की कम आवश्यकता होती है।) – 2023
There can be no social justice without economic prosperity but economic prosperity without social justice is meaningless (बिना आर्थिक समृद्धि के सामाजिक न्याय नहीं हो सकता, किन्तु बिना सामाजिक न्याय के आर्थिक समृद्धि निरर्थक है ) -2020
Neglect of primary health care and education in India are reasons for its backwardness. -2019
The focus of health care is increasingly getting skewed towards the ‘haves’ of our society. -2009
Food security for sustainable national development -2005
Reservation, politics and empowerment. -1999
Culture is what we are, civilization is what we have (जो हम है, वह संस्कार; जो हमारे पास है, वह सभ्यता ) -2020
Indian culture today: a myth or a reality? -2000
Modernism and our traditional socio-ethical values. -2000
The composite culture of India. -1998
The Indian society at the crossroads. -1994
From traditional Indian philanthropy to the gates-buffet model-a natural progression or a paradigm shift? -2010
New cults and godmen: a threat to traditional religion -1996
Biased media is a real threat to Indian democracy. -2019
Responsibility of media in a democracy. -2002
Role of media in good governance -2008
Does Indian cinema shape our popular culture or merely reflect it? -2011
How has satellite television brought about cultural change in Indian mindsets? -2007
Is sting operation an invasion on privacy? -2014
Mass media and cultural invasion. -1999
The misinterpretation and misuse of freedom in India. -1998
Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world (कवि संसार के अनधिकृत रूप से विधायक होते हैं) – 2022

2 Economy, Development

Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere. -2018
Digital economy: A leveller or a source of economic inequality. -2016
Innovation is the key determinant of economic growth and social welfare. -2016
Near jobless growth in India: An anomaly or an outcome of economic reforms. -2016
Crisis faced in India – moral or economic. -2015
Was it the policy paralysis or the paralysis of implementation which slowed the growth of our country? -2014
GDP (Gross Domestic Product) along with GDH (Gross Domestic Happiness) would be the right indices for judging the wellbeing of a country-2013
Can capitalism bring inclusive growth? -2015
Resource management in the Indian context. -1999
Economic growth without distributive justice is bound to breed violence. -1993
Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence (आर्थिक समृद्धि हासिल करने के मामले में वन सर्वोत्तम प्रतिमान होते हैं।) – 2022
Alternative technologies for a climate change resilient India. -2018
Should a moratorium be imposed on all fresh mining in tribal areas of the country? -2010
Urbanisation and its hazards -2008
Protection of ecology and environment is essential for sustained economic development. -2006
Urbanization is a blessing in disguise. -1997
Ecological considerations need not hamper development. -1993
Globalization would finish small-scale industries in India. -2006
Multinational corporations – saviours or saboteurs -1994
Special economic zone: boon or bane -2008
Is the criticism that the ‘Public-Private-Partnership’ (PPP) model for development is more of a bane than a boon in the Indian context, justified ?-2012
Farming has lost the ability to be a source of subsistence for majority of farmers in India. -2017
BPO boom in India. -2007
Tourism: Can this be the next big thing for India? -2014
Are our traditional handicrafts doomed to a slow death? -2009

3 Education

Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in – school. (- शिक्षा वह है जो विद्यालय में विधालय में सीखी गई बातों को भूल जाने के बाद भी शेष रह जाती है।)
Destiny of a nation is shaped in its classrooms. -2017
Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather to make a man more clever devil-2015
Independent thinking should be encouraged right form the childhood. -2007
Are the standardized tests good measure of academic ability or progress? -2014
Irrelevance of the classroom. -2001
Is the growing level of competition good for the youth? -2014
Literacy is growing very fast, but there is no corresponding growth in education. -1996
Is an egalitarian society possible by educating the masses ? -2008
What is real education? -2005
“Education for all” campaign in India: myth or reality. -2006
Restructuring of Indian education system. -1995
Privatization of higher education in India. -2002
Credit – based higher education system – status, opportunities and challenges -2011

4 Quote based, Philosophy, Ethics

A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities (हर असमंजस के लिए मुस्कराहट ही चुनिन्दा साधन है) – 2022
Philosophy of wantlessness is a Utopian, while materialism is a chimera. -2021
Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me. -2021
Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication (सरलता चरम परिष्करण है ) -2020
Ships don’t sink because of water around them ships sink because of water that gets into them (जहाज अपने चारों तरफ के पानी के वजह से नहीं डूबा करते, जहाज पानी के अंदर समां जाने की वजह से डूबता हैं ) -2020
Life is a long journey between being human and being humane. (मनुष्य होने और मानव बनने के बीच का लम्बा सफर ही जीवन है)-2020
Values are not what humanity is, but what humanity ought to be -2019
Best for an individual is not necessarily best for the society -2019
Courage to accept and dedication to improve are two keys to success -2019
Wisdom finds truth -2019
A people that values its privileges above its principles loses both. -2018
Customary morality cannot be a guide to modem file. -2018
Need brings greed, if greed increases it spoils breed. -2016
Character of an institution is reflected in its leader. -2015
With greater power comes greater responsibility. -2014
Words are sharper than the two-edged sword. -2014
Attitude makes, habit makes character and character makes a man. -2007
He would reigns within himself and folds his passions and desires and fears is more than a king. -1993
Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team. (- सोच एक खेल की तरह है, यह तब तक शुरू नहीं होता है जब तक कि एक विपरीत टीम/पक्ष न हो।) – 2023
Mathematics is the music of reason. (- गणित ज्ञान का संगीत है।) – 2023
The real is rational and the rational is real. -2021
Mindful manifesto is the catalyst to a tranquil self (विचारपरक संकल्प स्वयं के शांतचित्त रहने का उत्प्रेरक है )-2020
‘The past’ is a permanent dimension of human consciousness and values. -2018
A good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge. -2018
There is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so. -2003
Disinterested intellectual curiosity is the lifeblood of civilisation. -1995
Joy is the simplest form of gratitude. -2017
Compassion is the basic of all morality of the world -1993
Lending hands to someone is better than giving a dole. -2015
Be the change you want to see in others (Gandhi)-2013
Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right (केवल इसलिए कि आपके पास विकल्प हैं, इसका यह अर्थ कदापि नहीं है कि उनमें से किसी को भी ठीक होना ही होगा) – 2022
Reality does not conform to the ideal, but confirms it. -2018
Truth is lived, not taught -1996
When money speaks, the truth is silent. -1995
Search for truth can only be a spiritual problem. -2002
The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining (छप्पर मरम्मत करने का समय तभी होता है, जब धूप खिली हुई हो) – 2022
You cannot step twice in the same river (आप उसी नदी में दोबारा नहीं उतर सकते) – 2022
Discipline means success, anarchy means ruin -2008
Youth is a blunder, manhood a struggle, old age a regret -1994
If youth knew, if age could. -2002
Youth culture today. -1999
Fifty Golds in Olympics: Can this be a reality for India? -2014
Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic. (- दूरदर्शी निर्णय तभी लिए जाते है अंतर्ज्ञान और तर्क का परस्पर मेल होता है।) – 2023
Not all who wander are lost. (- भटकने वाले सभी गुम नहीं हो जाते।) – 2023
Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane (- रचनात्मकता की प्रेरणा अलौकिक ता में चमत्कार ढूंढने के प्रयास से उपजति है) – 2023
A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for (जहाज बन्दरगाह के भीतर सुरक्षित होता है, परन्तु इसके लिए तो वह होता नहीं है) – 2022
Quick but steady wins the race. -2015
Useless life is an early death. -1994
Our deeds determine us, as much as we determine our deeds. -1995
The paths of glory lead but to the grave. -2002
The pursuit of excellence. -2001

5 Women empowerment

Greater political power alone will not improve women’s plight. -1997
Women’s reservation bill would usher in empowerment for women in India. -2006
The new emerging women power: the ground realities. -1995
Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world. -2021
If women ruled the world -2005
The hand that rocks the cradle -2005
Patriarchy is the least noticed yet the most significant structure of social inequality (पितृ-सत्ता की व्यवस्था नजर मैं बहुत काम आने के बावजूद सामाजिक विषमता की सबसे प्रभावी संरचना है) -2020
Fulfilment of ‘new woman’ in India is a myth. -2017
If development is not engendered, it is endangered. -2016
Whither women’s emancipation? -2004
Empowerment alone cannot help our women. -2001
Women empowerment: challenges and prospects. -1999
Woman is god’s best creation. -1998
Men have failed: let women take over. -1993
Managing work and home – is the Indian working woman getting a fair deal ?-2012

6 International issues, Internal Security, History

South Asian societies are woven not around the state, but around their plural cultures and plural identities. -2019
Modernisation and westernisation are not identical concepts. -1994
‘globalization’ vs. ‘nationalism’ -2009
National identity and patriotism -2008
Globalizations and its impact on Indian culture. -2004
The masks of new imperialism. -2003
As civilization advances culture declines. -2003
The implications of globalization for India. -2000
My vision of an ideal world order. -2001
India’s contribution to world wisdom. -1998
The world of the twenty-first century. -1998
Preparedness of our society for India’s global leadership role. -2010
Technology as the silent factor in international relations (अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संबंधों मैं मौन करक के रूप मैं प्रौद्योगिकी) -2020
Has the Non-Alignment Movement (NAM) lost its relevance in a multipolar world ? -2017
Restructuring of UNO reflect present realities -1996
The global order: political and economic -1993
India’s role in promoting ASEAN co-operation. -2004
Importance of Indo-US nuclear agreement -2006
Management of Indian border dispute is a complex task. -2018
In the Indian context , both human intelligence and technical intelligence are crucial in combating terrorism -2011
Are we a ‘soft’ state ? -2009
Good fences make good neighbours -2009
Is autonomy the best answer to combat balkanization? -2007
Terrorism and world peace -2005
True religion cannot be misused. -1997
History repeats itself, first as tragedy, second as farce. -2021
Geography may remain the same ; history need not. -2010

7 Science-Technology

Spirituality and scientific temper. -2003
Science and Mysticism : Are they compatible ?-2012
What is research, but a blind date with knowledge! -2021
Modern technological education and human values. -2002
Value-based science and education. -1999
The march of science and the erosion of human values. -2001
The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced. -2021
Rise of Artificial Intelligence: the threat of jobless future or better job opportunities through reskilling and upskilling. -2019
‘Social media’ is inherently a selfish medium. -2017
Cyberspace and Internet : Blessing or curse to the human civilization in the long run -2016
Increasing computerization would lead to the creation of a dehumanized society. -2006
The cyberworld: its charms and challenges. -2000
Computer: the harbinger of silent revolution. -1993
Technology cannot replace manpower. -2015
Science and technology is the panacea for the growth and security of the nation-2013
The modern doctor and his patients. -1997
The lure of space. -2004

Section-A (write any one)

Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team. (- सोच एक खेल की तरह है, यह तब तक शुरू नहीं होता है जब तक कि एक विपरीत टीम/पक्ष न हो।)
Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic. (- दूरदर्शी निर्णय तभी लिए जाते है अंतर्ज्ञान और तर्क का परस्पर मेल होता है।)
Not all who wander are lost. (- भटकने वाले सभी गुम नहीं हो जाते।)
Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane (- रचनात्मकता की प्रेरणा अलौकिक ता में चमत्कार ढूंढने के प्रयास से उपजति है)

Section-B (write any one)

Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines. (-लड़कियां बंदिशों के तथा लड़के अपेक्षा के बोझ तले दबे हुए होते हैं दोनों ही समान रूप से हानिकारक व्यवस्थाएं हैं।)
Mathematics is the music of reason. (- गणित ज्ञान का संगीत है।)
A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity. (- जिस समाज में अधिक न्याय होता है उस समाज को दान की कम आवश्यकता होती है।)

Answer one-one essay from each section in 1000-1200 words

History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man (इतिहास वैज्ञानिक मनुष्य के रूमानी मनुष्य पर विजय हासिल करने का एक सिलसिला है।) – 2022
A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for (जहाज बन्दरगाह के भीतर सुरक्षित होता है, परन्तु इसके लिए तो वह होता नहीं है) & 2022
Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right (केवल इसलिए कि आपके पास विकल्प हैं, इसका यह अर्थ कदापि नहीं है कि उनमें से किसी को भी ठीक होना ही होगा) – 2022

Essay: Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. They will be expected to keep closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.

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Essay Syllabus – Civil Services Mains Exam UPSC

Last updated on April 3, 2024 by Alex Andrews George

Table of Contents

Tips for UPSC Essay Paper from ClearIAS.com

Do keep in mind the below-mentioned tips. Following these strategies can make a huge boost in your Essay Paper marks .

Try to write a few essays in full during your preparation, simulating the environment in the examination hall.
Familiarize yourself with previous essays asked by UPSC so that you will have a clear picture of the type and standard of questions to be expected.
UPSC/the examiner normally gives credit to new perspectives and fresh analysis.
Avoid verbosity and flowery language. Use a simple style instead.
You may use relevant quotes to reinforce your arguments. But never try to alter the quotes of great personalities.
Good handwriting is always an asset. If your handwriting is not legible, put some effort into that area.
Make your statements precise. Avoid guesses.
The introductory paragraph should have clear indications about what you are going to write in the essay.
You may show your inferences in the concluding paragraph.

Also read: ClearIAS launches Essay Writing Course for UPSC

Additional Links:

Useful Civil Services Books .
Civil Services Study Materials for Online Preparation .
IAS Question Papers .

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Reader Interactions

October 16, 2015 at 12:03 am

Hello sir…. May I know what is the language to write an essay…. I mean English or hindi…thanks

August 8, 2016 at 7:44 pm

Your exam medium is essay langauge

July 7, 2022 at 1:37 am

What types of eassy come in upsc?

May 12, 2016 at 12:59 am

Hello sir…… May I know that what is trade under in IAS. & which is the best course after 12th & which is the best subjects for IAS preparation.

August 28, 2020 at 7:20 am

Make any one of the optional subject as your UG stream .it will help you in the preparation

May 23, 2016 at 7:03 am

plz suggest me books for essay in hindi and english language

October 5, 2016 at 12:25 pm

pls tell me good essay book of bengali version.

December 2, 2016 at 9:15 pm

January 7, 2017 at 4:53 pm

Wt is the medium of essay writing Any language…? We can choose

February 18, 2017 at 9:25 pm

suggest some topics for essay writing

October 13, 2017 at 3:24 pm

Which syllabus for essay writing

October 13, 2017 at 3:26 pm

which topics for essay writing tell me please

April 7, 2017 at 4:45 pm

One of the most discriptive and very helpful website for civil services aapirants..

November 8, 2018 at 1:36 pm

Sir IAS yaa IPS Ke liye physical yaa medical exam bhi dena hota h kya

November 22, 2018 at 11:45 am

PLEASE CLEAR CIVIL SERVICE MAINS PAPER A & B

August 5, 2019 at 9:49 am

my mother tongue is Bengali .can I give the mains exam in Bengali??

August 10, 2019 at 1:15 pm

Hello sir!! Can I know from which topic these essays will be given. Like, generally or from optional subjects we choose?!

September 14, 2019 at 12:39 pm

Go through the previous years question papers to find out what type of essay do UPSC ask

October 13, 2019 at 10:52 am

Sir , What are those tips & advices you are gonna give for school students who’s aim is to become an IAS officer ?

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UPSC Mains 2021 Essay Question Paper

UPSC Mains 2021 Essay Question Paper - Download PDF

The UPSC Mains 2021 was conducted on 7th, 8th, 9th, 15th and 16th January 2022. The Essay paper has been conducted on 7th January 2022 in the forenoon session (9 AM to 12 PM).

The Mains (Written) Examination consists of nine papers in total. The first stage, that is, Prelims, was conducted on October 10, 2021.

UPSC Mains 2021 Essay Question Paper:- Download PDF Here

Download compulsory language papers from the links below:

UPSC Mains 2021 Indian Language Paper PDF
UPSC Mains 2021 English Language Paper PDF

To download all question papers of UPSC Mains 2021 from the linked article.

UPSC 2021 Mains Essay Question Paper PDF

In the UPSC Essay paper, there are two sections, namely Section A and Section B. Each section consists of four questions. The aspirants have to choose one topic from each section and in total have to answer 2 essay questions. Each essay question has to be answered with a word limit ranging from 1000-1200 words. One essay question has been awarded 125 marks and the total marks allotted to the essay paper is 250 marks. This paper is counted for merit ranking.

The Essay Topics asked in the UPSC Mains 2021 are given below:

The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced.
Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me.
Philosophy of wantlessness is Utopian, while materialism is a chimera.
The real is rational and the rational is real.
Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.
What is research, but a blind date with knowledge!
History repeats itself, first as a tragedy, second as a farce.
There are better practices to ‘best practices’.

Some of the useful links for the candidates to prepare for an essay paper are as follows:

The candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. While answering the essay questions, the aspirants are expected to keep closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in an orderly manner and to write concisely. It is important to remember that credit will be given for effective and exact expression.

To download the question paper PDFs of General Studies papers, the aspirants can check the links below:

The candidates can also download the question paper PDFs of UPSC Mains 2021 Optional Paper from the linked article.

UPSC Mains 2021 Essay Paper:- Download PDF Here

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The UPSC essay paper is one of the nine papers for the IAS main exam. With this, the scores obtained in the UPSC essay topics will also be considered in the merit list. Hence, it is important to cover all the aspects of the UPSC essay syllabus .

In this paper, candidates need to write two essays, each with a word limit of 1000-1200 words. Moreover, they are required to choose one IAS essay topic out of the four options in each section i.e. A and B.

The UPSC essay paper is conducted for 250 marks with one essay UPSC paper for 125 marks. Therefore, aspirants should use the best books and strategies to excel in this section.

In this article, we have compiled all the details of the UPSC IAS essay for the candidates aspiring for the upcoming civil services exam.

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UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Structure

As per the UPSC exam pattern , the essay paper is one of the nine subjects in the civil services main exam. In this paper, aspirants need to write essays on assigned UPSC essay topics .
Candidates should practice writing essays on multiple topics in order to learn how to arrange their ideas and execute the same in the proper order.
Furthermore, the UPSC essay paper will carry 250 marks with an exam duration of 3 hours.

UPSC Essay Previous Year Papers

The previous year’s UPSC essay paper is one of the finest resources to prepare well for this section. This will strengthen their vocabulary and writing skills and also provide them insights into the type of essay topics UPSC asked over the years.

Hence, we have compiled below the official UPSC essay previous paper PDF link for 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, and 2018 for the reference of the candidates.

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Best Strategy for UPSC Essay Writing

UPSC essays must be well-formatted and presented in a manner that the readers can easily understand without any obstacles. Above all, it must include the ideas about the issue mentioned in the question.

Candidates must note that the general essay papers also play an important role in compensating for the less scores in general studies and optional papers. Hence, it is advisable to focus on improving the vocabulary and writing skills from the first leg of the preparation.

Let’s look at the best strategy to score high marks in the UPSC essay topics in the main exam.

Go through the entire UPSC essay syllabus to cover all the aspects of the section.
Build a habit of reading newspaper editorials and journals every day. Going by the trend analysis, it is found that many essay questions were asked directly from current affairs in the past few years.
Next, note down relevant quotes from the books/magazines/journal and implement them whenever required in the essay writing.
Focus on IAS essay topics related to democracy, environment/urbanization, judiciary, social justice/poverty, philosophies, media & society, education, economic sector, etc as questions can be asked from these topics.
Pick the essay topic very carefully. Also, it is advised to take some time to think about the topic and collect ideas and thoughts.
One should make sure that the essay comprises sections like introduction, main body, theme, and conclusion.
Moreover, aspirants can also reach out to their mentors, experts, seniors, or teachers for feedback on their essay writing. This will allow them to recognize their mistakes and focus more on their weak points for effective preparation.

Read More: How to write an essay for UPSC here!

Best Books for UPSC Essay Writing

Along with the best UPSC essay strategy , aspirants should also choose the finest books that comprise multiple essay topics UPSC for the exam. Here, we have shared below the best books and resources to strengthen the preparation of the general essay section:

Monthly Current Affairs Magazines by OnlyIAS
Only IAS Yogana Magazine
Only IAS Praarambh Post-Independence India
Only IAS Kurukshetra Magazine
Only IAS Praarmabh Indian Society
The Hindu (editorial articles)

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. How to score 150 in UPSC essay?

Ans. One can score 150 marks on the UPSC essay paper by managing time effectively throughout the exam and avoiding any kind of deviation from the topic.

Q2. What are the topics for UPSC essay?

Ans. Some of the important IAS essay topics include democracy, environment/urbanization, judiciary, social justice/poverty, philosophies, media & society, education, economic sector, etc

Q3. What is essay paper 1 in UPSC?

Ans. The UPSC essay paper 1 is one of the nine papers for the IAS main exam. In this paper, candidates need to write two essays, each with a word limit of 1000-1200 words. The maximum mark is 250 with a duration of 3 hours.

Q4. Is UPSC essay tough?

Ans. Yes, the UPSC essay paper is moderately tough as per the past year’s exam analysis. However, it also depends on the aspirant knowledge of the topic.

Q5. How many pages is 1,000 words in UPSC?

Ans. 2 pages single-spaced or 4 pages double-spaced is about 1000 words in UPSC.

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UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Analysis, Check PDF Download Link

The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) has administered the CSE Mains 2023 Essay Paper on September 15. Download PDF and Check the UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Analysis of question here.

Table of Contents

UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Analysis

The UPSC Essay Paper is an important component that evaluates candidates’ knowledge as well as their ability to clearly and simply express concepts. This analysis explores the subtleties of this exam section, revealing trends, approaches, and ideas for future civil employees. The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) conducted the IAS Mains 2023 Essay Paper on September 15, 2023. Check here UPSC Essay Paper 2023 detailed analysis below with proper model answers.

UPSC Essay Paper 2023 PDF

The Essay Paper of UPSC Mains 2023 is available in PDF format. The exam was successfully administered by UPSC at Forenoon on September 15, 2023. 9:00 AM – 12:00 PM, session. The UPSC Essay Paper is of 250 Marks. Candidates can check the UPSC Essay Paper 2023 PDF Link below

UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Questions

The questions asked in the UPSC Essay paper 2023 have been mentioned below:

Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.
Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.
Not all who wander are lost
Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane
Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines
Mathematics is the music of reason
A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity
Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in the school

UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Section A

Check here 4 questions of a UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Section A.

UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Section B

Check here 4 questions of a UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Section B.

UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Detailed Discussion Question-wise

Check the Question-Wise detailed discussion on UPSC Essay Paper 2023 below:

1. Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.

Approach :

Thinking as a human nature.
Features of thinking as a GAME – connecting thinking to a game.
Game is based on competition.
Various dimensions to connect

Thesis – Thinking (like a game) begins with a competition (it can be opposite views, adversary conditions/Challenges.

Philosophical basis : Hegels idea of dialectics.

Meaning/Context:

Thinking in simple terms is a problem-solving activity.
pondering or reflecting on something.
Analysing and evaluating options
Goal-directed behaviour.
From choosing a dress to wear to solving a mathematical problem, all activities involve thinking.

Historical Examples:

Ancient : To protect from animal attacks and other dangers , humans started to live in bands–thats the basis of community/society.
Modern: Masses of Indian -sub-continent as a united against the oppressive policies of the British in the National Movement.

Examples from Different Dimensions

Individual : In day to day life of individual, its the competition that drives our thinking from simple decisions like chosing a dress to major decisions like deciding on the careers.
Societal : Ex: Social reforms in Hindu society were initiated through Arya Samaj due to the fear of westernisation and threat of conversions.
Political : Fear of opposition from rival political parties in the Parliament checks the misuse of power by the incumbent government. (or) Presence of multiple political parties and their debates during the election campaigns ignites the thinking of the common man towards the major issues.
Ex: Presence of multiple competitors in the telecom sector resulted in faster adoption of 4g technology in India.
Governance : Competitive fedaralism by NITI Aayog giving best outputs,
Environmental : Modern Environmentalism started due to the opposition to industrial revolution.
International Relations : Countries’ goal to become superpower makes them to adher to the principles of peace.
Other examples – Covid, globalization

Anti-Thesis : Thinking does not always require Competition to begin.

Thinking can also happen by chance without any goal –For ex: it can happen through curiosity–Example: Newtons’ discovery of gravity, Human discovery of fire etc.
Destructive thinking: Hitler

2. Visionary decision making happen at the intersection of intuition and logic

Decision making in everyday life – basis of human survival. E.g. Evolution of Humans from apes and role of decision making
Role of Intuition in decision making ( Navigating Ambiguity, Intuition is a source of creativity, as are innovation, Making social and interpersonal decisions, Risk assessment: Personal Values and Ethics )
Logic as assistance in decision making ( Identifying Relevant Information, Analyzing Options, Consistency, Problem Solving)
Requirement of both intuition and logic for visionary decision.
How to develop intuition and logic and balance them for visionary decision making.

Thesis: Visionary decision possible at intersection.

Examples and Arguments:

Innovation and creativity – Steve Jobs’ visionary choice to create the iPhone – result of his creative vision and intuition about what consumers needed.
Financial innovations in the form of UPI – logic made it difficult as financial transactions were already happening, but intuitive ness about its adoption was the major factor for its success.
Risk-taking: Elon Musk’s visionary choice to use SpaceX – intuition about the significance of extraterrestrial colonisation drove him to take the risk despite logic’s assertions to the contrary.
Long-Term Perspective: Mahatma Gandhi had a brilliant idea to use nonviolent resistance – while logic might have suggested a more combative strategy, his gut feeling about the long-term advantages of nonviolence and unity resulted in a historic change.
Human and societal factors: requires knowledge of societal dynamics, human behaviour, and values. E.g. A doctor may have logical medical data but also needs to consider the patient’s emotional state and unique circumstances .
Transcending Conventions: Visionary choices go against accepted beliefs and norms. Nelson Mandela’s visionary choice to seek out forgiveness and reconciliation in South Africa after the end of apartheid.

More examples –

Watson and Crick’s Discovery of DNA’s Structure.
Alexander Fleming’s discovery of penicillin.
Alfred Wegener’s intuition about continents drifting led to the plate tectonics theory and logic through dscoveries of fossils.
Charles Darwin’s intuition about natural selection and the evolution of species led to his groundbreaking work, “On the Origin of Species.”
Franklin D. Roosevelt – The New Deal: FDR’s intuition led him to understand the desperation and suffering caused by the Great Depression. The New Deal was a well-thought-out set of policies aimed at reviving the economy through public works projects, banking reforms, and social programs.

Anti Thesis: Why intuition and logic alone are not sufficient to achieve it.

Challenges and Pitfalls: Potential challenges of relying too heavily on intuition or logic in visionary decision making.

Over Reliance on logic: Nokia’s Missed Smartphone Revolution – Over Reliance on logic can lead to a reluctance to embrace disruptive innovations. Fall of Kodak cameras.
Over Reliance on intuition: Elizabeth Holmes, the founder of Theranos, had a vision to revolutionize blood testing. Holmes ignored red flags and critical feedback, ultimately undermining the company’s credibility . Also – 2008 economic crisis, NASA’s Space Shuttle Challenger disaster in 1986 was partially attributed to a decision made based on intuition
Importance of self-awareness in decision-makers: Balancing intuition and logic is crucial in visionary decision-making. Self-awareness is the key to achieving this balance.

How to develop intuition and logic and balancing them for visionary decision making:

Cultivate Intuition: Self-Reflection, Trust Your Gut, Embrace Creativity, Mindfulness and Meditation etc.
Develop Logical Thinking: Analytical Exercises, Data Analysis, Scenario Planning
Balancing Intuition and Logic: Collaborate, Feedback Loops, Continuous Learning

Conclusion: Visionary decision-making resulted from the harmonious interplay of intuition and logic. Intuition provided the overarching purpose and direction, while logic offered the means to translate those visionary goals into practical, achievable outcomes. – “Intuition alone can be a powerful guiding force, but logic is the tool that transforms vision into reality.”

3. Not all who wander are lost

Introduction with anecdote
Arguments on essence of wandering – Integrating examples
Counter viewpoints
Pre-conclusion – Administrative dimension – Need of balancing wandering with clarity of purpose

Introduction – Story of Siddhartha Gautama/ Columbus’ quest of exploring the unknown

The topic reflects the idea that those who may appear lost or aimless may, in fact, be on a heroic quest . This perspective challenges preconceived notions and encourages us to look beyond appearances.

Essence of Wandering

Leads to exploration – Societal level, Individual introspection (Linking this with introductory story of Gautam Buddha)
Personal growth and self-discovery (Introspection leads to critical thinking, we understand why one behaves in a certain way). Example – Philosophy of Tao
Quest for knowledge (Such deep wandering into the psyche of oneself and others may lead to gaining significant knowledge). Ex – Ferdinand Magellan discovery of the nature of Earth surface.
Creativity and innovation (Insights and knowledge acquired through wandering may lead to creativity and innovation) Thomas Alva Edison
Breaking free from conformity (Innovation/Creativity will challenge deep seated stereotypes and prejudices and in turn lead to breaking the conformity bias)
Struggling for change/reform – Cuba cost effective health care and education despite being wandering with revolutions and system of government

Embracing uncertainty/Resisting the fear of unknown

It suggests that not having a fixed destination can be liberating, allowing us to adapt to the unexpected and be open to new experiences. This is particularly relevant in a rapidly changing world where flexibility and adaptability are highly valued.

Movements for social justice – LGBTQIA+, Environment, Women Empowerment, Caste equality movements.

Counter viewpoint

Survivorship bias

Bias for those who do not get lost after wandering – but what about those who have / will lose after wandering?

Potential for Wasted Time :

Wandering without a purpose or goal can lead to a significant amount of time and resources being spent without tangible results.
In certain contexts, such as education or career planning, meandering aimlessly may result in missed opportunities or delayed achievements.

Risk of Disconnection

Individuals who prioritise aimless exploration over obligations to family, work, or community may find themselves isolated or struggling to meet their obligations.

Pre conclusion remarks – Linkage with Indian administration –

How wandering in the realm of bureaucratic rigidities led to the loss of purpose (welfare state). However, the decision to explore the path of “Digital world” has made governance citizen-centric. Balancing the wandering/exploration with clarity of purpose is paramount to achieve the dreams of AMRIT KAAL.

“Not all who wander are lost” invites us to navigate the complexities of life with an open heart and a curious mind, to embrace uncertainty and spontaneity, and to recognize that even those who appear to be wandering aimlessly may be on profound journeys of self-discovery and growth. It is an intellectual call to balance the pursuit of goals and the pursuit of wisdom, acknowledging that both are valuable and, at times, intertwined in the tapestry of human existence.

4. Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane

Idea of creativity and basis for inspiration
Creativity thrives when we uncover the extraordinary within the ordinary—finding magic in the mundane.
This drives innovation across art, science, and technology, spurring personal growth, solving everyday problems, and shaping history.
It serves as a catalyst for progress and enriches the human experience.

Anecdote for Introduction

Walking on the sand – taking a stroll on a beach, same sand – Silicon – semiconductors , Uranium – nuclear weapons/energy.

Thesis: Creativity is the spark that ignites our imagination, enabling us to see the extraordinary in the ordinary. What fuels this inexhaustible well of creativity?

It is the ability to see the extraordinary within the ordinary, to find the magical in the mundane.

It reminds us that the world is full of wonder waiting to be discovered, even in the most ordinary of circumstances.

Dimensions:

Art and Aesthetics

Vincent van Gogh’s “Starry Night.”

Artists take commonplace objects, scenes, and emotions and elevate them to the realm of the extraordinary.

Startups and small businesses
Companies like Uber and Airbnb turned everyday tasks like transportation and lodging into magical, on-demand experiences, revolutionizing their respective sectors.
The “Dabbawalas” of Mumbai , who efficiently deliver home-cooked lunches to workers across the city.
Science and Innovation
Think of Isaac Newton’s observation of an apple falling from a tree, which led to his groundbreaking insights into gravity.
Consider Iphones ( Steve Jobs) , initially designed for communication but now integral to our lives, connecting us to an expansive digital world.
Economy/Finance
UPI Payments – brining financial revolution – from McDonalds to Street vendors
Energy Security
Renewable energy – like Solar – tapping the potential of Sun
Biofuels – driving vehicles with cleaner, simple fuels
Administrative Innovation : Bureaucrats using simple /mundane solutions for fixing societal issues.
Armstrong Palme – People’s Road
Operation Sulaimani – Prashant Nair – ‘’Compassionate Kozhikode’ – hunger and food security
Problem Solving/ Challenges

Consider a chef in a bustling restaurant kitchen. They take ordinary ingredients—flour, water, and yeast—and transform them into the magical delight of freshly baked bread.

On a personal level, seeking the magical in the mundane is a pathway to self-discovery and personal growth. The daily routines and tasks of life may seem routine, but they can be opportunities for mindfulness and reflection.

Antithesis /Alternate Perspective

AI usage – killing creativity – only some will use AI for creativity but for the majority, creativity will get killed.
Specific class of intellectuals – Gramsci’s Manufacturing Consent
Circumstances for thinking – societal norms controlling mind – reducing innovation

Conclusion:

Embracing the idea that inspiration can be found in everyday experiences is crucial for fostering innovation and ensuring a brighter, more imaginative future.
As we navigate the complexities of our ever-changing world, let us remember that even the most ordinary of things can hold the spark of creativity and the potential for magic.
The magic is not just out there; it’s within us, waiting to be uncovered in the world around us.

5. Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines

Introduction

Breaking down the first part- Girls are weighed down by restrictions
Breaking down the second part – Boys are weighed down with demands
Why such a scenario
Multidimensional Impact of these harmful disciplines – Family level, society, nation, Political, economical, etc.
Are these two disciplines equally harmful?

Countering these harmful disciplines

India, a nation heralded for its rich cultural heritage and a history spanning millennia , is also a place where gender disparities have endured for generations.
The intricate web of expectations placed upon girls, often characterised by social, familial, and cultural restrictions, can inhibit their aspirations, education, and personal freedoms.
Simultaneously, boys face the weight of societal demands that prescribe specific notions of masculinity, often emphasising stoicism, competitiveness, and emotional restraint

Girls are weighed down by restrictions

Traditional gender roles and expectations may dictate that girls should prioritise domestic responsibilities over personal aspirations, conform to rigid standards of beauty and behaviour , and shy away from traditionally male-dominated fields.
Emotional: Cannot express anger /aggressiveness–only love, empathy, care etc. are acceptable.
Family and Marriage: Patriarchy; Restrictions on choosing life partner; child birth etc.
Career: Restrictions on taking up professions like Mechanical Engineering , Combat role in Army etc. ( Gender ceiling ; Pink collared jobs etc.)
Economy: Restrictions/ non-inclusion /no independence in major financial decisions.
Consequences : These restrictions can stifle their ambitions, self-expression, and personal growth.

Boys with demands

Boys often grapple with societal demands that pressure them to conform to notions of masculinity that may not align with their authentic selves.
Emotional : Boys are not supposed to cry even in bitter conditions.
Clothes : Colours and style as set up the society Ex: Pink is almost not acceptable
Physical : Physical Strength
Relationship : Not to show equality towards spouse
Marriage: Taking Dowry
Career : Towards Engineering, Army, Police etc.
Economy: To bear the financial burden of the entire family
Culture: To carry out the legacy of family
Consequences : These demands may include suppressing emotions, pursuing aggressive behaviours, and demonstrating dominance. The pressure to meet these demands can lead to emotional repression, mental health issues, and a perpetuation of harmful stereotypes about masculinity.

Why? – Social norms, Perpetuation of stereotypes through social interactions, misinterpretation of religious texts, popular culture, cinema, etc.

Impact of these two harmful disciplines:

Limiting Personal Growth
Impeding social progress – Not conducive for national development
Non inclusive society

Are the two disciplines equally harmful or not?

Arguments in favour
Reinforces Gender stereotypes – limits individual freedom and self expression
Adversely impacts emotional well being .
Perpetuates gender inequality and disturbs social peace–Men Vs. Women debate will continue.
Limits life choices thereby repressing personal autonomy and Individual freedom
Arguments against
Biological limitations: Physical strength is a natural fact. Therefore, such limitations may not be harmful for certain segments.
Cultural limitations: To preserve the culture to bind together the families through division of work and responsibilities.
Societal Limitations: Society is not yet matured enough to accept breaking the gender roles and stereotypes.
Infrastructural Limitations: Ex: Lack of Toilets and other necessary infrastructure for women is an issue to recruit women in combat roles in the army.
More harmful to girls than boys as boys through demands at least get opportunities. However such opportunities are denied to girls due to restrictions.

Breaking barriers and building the nation – Countering the two harmful disciplines.

Conclusion:

There are examples of women breaking their restrictions. Ex- Kiran Bedi
Matrelinial societies build on breaking restrictions.
Husbands also contributing in breaking limitations. Ex – division of house work.

6. Mathematics is the ‘music of reason’

Similarity between Maths and Music
Linkage between Maths and Reason
Why Maths is considered as the ‘Music of Reason’
Way Ahead – Steps which can be taken to build Passion for Maths among young people

Similarity between Maths and Music

Similar to Music, to do mathematics is to engage in an act of

Discovery of Pythagorous
Ex Srinivisa Ramanujan contribution to pure mathematics, without any formal knowledge, which led to many discoveries.
His last notebooks just before his death caused excitement among Mathmaticians
Aryabhatta discovery of zero
to be in a state of confusion— Do not know what your creation can lead to
Newton contributions in calculus, technology of telescope etc and how it helped in Modern Physics
Recent research, in which Math models were used to gain new insight on how breast cancer metastasizes.
to be frustrated as an artist;
to be awed and overwhelmed by an almost painful beauty; to be alive, damn it.”

Linkage b/w Maths and Reason

Mathematics is often described as a discipline rooted in pure reason. While it is influenced by empirical observations and practical applications, it is ultimately built on a foundation of abstract reasoning and logical deduction.

Reason why Mathematics is considered the ‘Music of Reason’

Requires Passion

Continuous pursuit of Knowledge

Can lead to collaborations for greater good

Inculcates logical Thinking and Reason

Results in creation which stand the test of time

Provides Harmony in patterns – music of reason because it emphasized beauty of patterns, symmetry and harmony.
Mathematical concepts underpin various technological advancement.
Mathematical equation and concepts reveal the inherent order in the Universe.
Transcends cultural and linguistic barriers → Universal language Understood by scientist, engineering and Finance
International collaboration in the above field takes place.
Cultivates Problem solving skills and logical thinking → Helps tackle real world problems.
Cultivates Reason → Valuable in decision making
Forms the basis of artificial intelligence, cryptography and data science etc.
Ancient times – Jantar Mantar,
Add examples –
Economic Significance → Role played by Maths in economics finance, resource allocation etc.
for example calculus is used to determine the rate of speed required for the spaceship to successfully reach space from the Earth.
India’s achievements in space exploration, especially Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan), Chandrayaan 3 mission which was celebrated for its cost-effectiveness and precision in trajectory calculations, demonstrating the role of mathematics in space endeavours.
Educational and Skill development → Provides Individuals with analytical skills and problem solving → example of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) will help develop future professionals.
Interdisciplinary Connections: Intersects with various other disciplines such as Computer Science, economics and Social Science. Thus, helps with Interdisciplinary research to provide Innovative solutions to the problems

Way Ahead – Change in culture to make Maths be seen as an artistic pursuit

Talk about why Maths should be taken as an intellectually engaged, artistic pursuits.
Take Maths as a a tool for collaboration (Similar to Music where artists collaborate example of collaboration in field of Space), persistence (similar to music work towards persistently finding new algorithms etc.), growth mindset (offer praise, nurturing the passion for Maths among student), Make students love Maths (stop the culture of hating Maths etc.)

7. A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity

Meaning/Context : A just society is one that strives to eliminate the root causes of inequality and suffering , thereby reducing the need for charitable assistance.
Idea of Justice
Historical dimension
Interplay of Justice and Charity through multiple layers of society
Significance of charity in today’s society

Historical Dimension

Concept of charity started when social justice took a backseat with caste and gender divisions–charity in fact shows the inequalities in society (where rich are able to donate to poor).

Different Dimensions of Society

Ex: Stephen Hawking’s disability did not let him to depend on charity.
Community : Historically Disadvantaged sections of Indian society like SC/STs- were ensured with social justice through affirmative action in the constitution.
Subnational level : Hilly and tribal regions are provided with special provisions in the constitution. (Fifth and Six Schedule )
Social Justice has no room for freebies in elections , farm loan waivers etc.
World : Inclusion of African Union to G20–African nations need no charity but chances for opportunities for growth.

Significance of Charity in Current Times

Historical injustices have perpetuated inequalities in the society in the form of caste class, gender , religion etc.— constitution ensures social justice to these sections– but it will take a long time to correct these (even though progress has been significant) -hence charity (from individuals. Corporates and institutions) provide support to the desired sections of population to a certain extent.
Global North vs Global South
Impact of Climate Change – Common but Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR)
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) – balancing profits with the social needs.

Conclusion : The ultimate goal of society is to reduce the need for charity.

8. Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in the school

Meaning of Education and significance for humans.
Role of learning: Learning is a process which results in a more or less permanent modification of behaviour as a result of practice or experience.
Distinguish between education and schooling/learning → Only positive or desirable learning contributes to the process of education while negative or undesirable learning is not considered a part of education.
The Importance of Lifelong Learning and how education inculcates this.

Meaning/Context

Education has different contextual meaning – the economist would see education as a commodity in which it is profitable for the community to invest. Sociologists would tell people that education is a socializing force, Education as a Spiritual Pursuit: According to the Upanishads, “Education is that whose end product is salvation”
Nevertheless, education is there in all of the above and each one is linked to the process of education, yet it lies above all these.
It is believed that education should prepare individuals for active participation in a democratic society.

Historical Dimension

Education is derived from – “Educare”, which refers to “to bring up’ or “to nourish”.
In India, the concept of education is traced back to the “Gurukula Parampara” which developed in ancient times.

Distinguish between education and schooling/learning

Value system/ wisdom comes from experience while learning teaches academic knowledge and information. Example – only after seeing pain, death and suffering Siddhartha became Buddha.
True education extends beyond memorization and tests, leaving a lasting imprint on an individual’s character, values, and ability to navigate the complexities of life. E.g. NEP fosters foundational learning away from rote learning.
Education exposes individuals to diverse cultures, histories, and perspectives, nurturing cultural and social awareness. This understanding promotes tolerance, inclusivity, and the ability to thrive in a globalized world.

The success of renowned entrepreneurs like Steve Jobs and Bill Gates, who dropped out of college, highlights how the problem-solving skills and innovative thinking acquired in their educational journey laid the foundation for their groundbreaking careers.

The Importance of Lifelong Learning and how education inculcates this?

Adaptation to Change : In a rapidly changing world.
Personal Growth : Lifelong learning fosters personal growth and self-improvement.
Career Advancement : Lifelong learners are often more competitive in the job market.
Problem Solving : Lifelong learning enhances critical thinking and problem-solving abilities.
Cognitive Health : Continuous learning helps maintain cognitive health and may delay cognitive decline associated with aging.
Increased Confidence : Acquiring new knowledge and skills boosts self-confidence and self-esteem.
Enhanced Communication : Lifelong learning can improve communication skills, including written and verbal communication.
Social Engagement : Lifelong learners often engage in social activities related to their interests, fostering connections and a sense of belonging within communities of learners.
Innovation and Creativity : Exposure to diverse ideas and experiences through lifelong learning can inspire innovation and creativity.

Way Forward: John Dewey’s 7 principles: Experiential Learning, Child-Centered Education , Learning by Doing, Integration of Subjects, Democratic Education, Continuous Learning, Problem-Centered Curriculum, Social Interaction.

Conclusion: Aristotle advocated for a balanced education that included the cultivation of moral virtues, intellectual virtues, and practical skills. In essence, education endures as a beacon that guides individuals throughout their lives, illuminating the path toward personal growth, societal progress, and the betterment of humanity as a whole.

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UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Analysis FAQs

What are the rules for writing essay in upsc.

Candidates have to select a topic from each section and write about it in 1,000 to 2,000 words within the given time of three hours.

How to score good marks in essay UPSC?

Here are a few tips to help you achieve this score: - Understand the essay topic: Read the topic carefully and analyze its various dimensions. Develop a clear understanding of what the essay demands. - Plan your essay: Spend some time brainstorming and organizing your thoughts before you start writing.

Do essay questions repeat in UPSC?

Yes, UPSC does repeat its previous year's questions in the Prelims exam.

Can essay be written in bullet points?

Yes. There is no hard and fast rule; that being said, if this is for a course assignment, I would be careful about it. Some instructors might consider bullet points too informal for an essay.

What is a decent score in essay UPSC?

As the essay paper is out of 250, marks which are above 50% can be considered good, ie. 125. Marks between 110-125 is considered as average.

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Prabhat 151+ Essays for Civil Service Examination PDF | B Ramaswamy

February 28, 2024
Banking Exams , Education , Pavithran.Net , Premium Content , SSC Exams , UPSC Exams

Are you preparing for the upcoming UPSC Civil Services Examination? We’ve compiled 151+ Essays for Civil Service Examinations that will help you ace the exam. The book is available in PDF format and can be downloaded instantly.

Table of Contents

Prabhat 151+ Essays for Civil Services & other Competitive Exams - Dr. B. Ramaswamy PDF

The book covers all facets of essay writing that are usually found in any UPSC examination. This book, in my opinion, is a must-read for all students of UPSC. Prabhat 151+ Essays Writing book is helpful and essential reading for all students who are interested in UPSC examinations. Essays are a major part of the UPSC examination and other Competitive examinations. The Prabhat publication orients readers towards better essay writing, it also offers tips and tricks for the readers.

Prabhat 151+ Essays for Civil Service Examinations PDF

This book is a compilation of 151+ Essays written by the author Dr B Ramaswamy. The book is available in both PDF and e-book formats. This book is specifically designed for students preparing for the Civil Services Examination. However, anyone looking to improve their English writing skills can benefit from this book as well.

Social, Economic, Political, Science & Tech, Health & Medical, Ethics and Moral, Educational, Philosophy & Religious, Cultural, Environmental, Governance, Psychological, Rural and Agrarian, Urbanisation, Women, Children, Contemporary (till 2018-19).

About Prabhat Publication:

The only publication to teach essay writing from the leading teacher and trainer of essay writing is finally here. The vast experience of this author is unmatched in the industry.

Prabhat 151+ Essays for UPSC & Other Competitive Exams PDF

151+ Essays for Civil Services Examination book on essay writing is one of the most useful books out there. It’s not just for students, but for anyone who wants to learn how to write a better essay, and it includes information about the UPSC exam.

This book on essay writing is a must-read for everyone who wants to succeed on the UPSC examination!

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Our book is easy to read and understand. It’s written in a conversational tone so it won’t put you to sleep like your textbook. Click the above download button now to get your Pdf of this valuable resource that will help you get into the Indian Civil Service!

Prabhat’s 145+ Essays for Civil Services Exam [PREVIOUS EDITION]

145+ Essays for Civil Services Examination PDF

Edition: 2019
No of Pages: 429
File Size: 4 MB

Useful Essay Books you should prepare for:-

Essay writing tips for upsc, ias, ssc exams.

The most important examination that a student may ever have is the one that decides his future. The pressure of writing the examination, the importance of it, the fear and anxiety that it creates are some of the factors that may inhibit a person from doing well in the examination. When it comes to writing the examination, the first step is to know what it is all about.

An essay is a crucial part of the examination process in competitive exams. There are many different types of essays that can be asked in the exam hall. An essay must be well-researched, organized, and well-written. In an exam, the examiner expects the candidate to have a strong understanding of the essay question and the candidate’s arguments to be well structured. I will give you some of my own Tips or Tricks you should follow to improve your Essay writing skills,

Essay writing is one of the most important skills required to clear competitive exams
It is a skill that can be developed through practice
The approach to essay writing is different from normal writing
Start by reading the question carefully
What is the examiner looking for?
Start with an overview of the topic
The introduction should be very short
The body should be divided into paragraphs
This is where you need to tell the examiner what he wants
Switch between the counter-arguments and your argument
Also, make sure to include very specific examples
The conclusion should be very short

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In the journey to cracking the Civil Services Examination, UPSC previous year question papers play an important role. They offer valuable insights into the exam pattern, question types, priority areas, and time management strategies. Moreover, they provide a means for aspirants to assess their progress and build confidence. Aspirants should incorporate the practice of solving UPSC previous year papers into their study routine, making it an integral part of their preparation strategy. In doing so, they enhance their chances of mastering this challenging examination and realising their dream of serving the nation in prestigious administrative roles.

Every year, thousands of aspirants strive to crack this examination to secure prestigious positions in the Indian Administrative Service, Indian Police Service, and various other central services. Among the myriad resources available for CSE preparation, UPSC previous year question papers stand out as invaluable assets. On this page, you can download the last 10 years UPSC question papers PDF and understand how they aid aspirants in their journey toward success.

UPSC Previous Year Question Paper

UPSC previous year question papers offer a window into the variety of question types that the Commission employs. UPSC Questions are designed to test candidates' analytical, problem-solving, and decision-making abilities. These may include multiple-choice questions, essay-type questions, and those requiring subjective responses. By reviewing past papers, aspirants can identify common question structures and practice answering them effectively.

Last 10 Years UPSC Prelims Question Papers PDF

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Solving UPSC previous year question papers is one of the most important things you can do to prepare for the UPSC exam . Here are some of the benefits of solving previous year's question papers:

Get familiar with the exam pattern and the type of questions asked. The UPSC exam is a very competitive exam, and the question paper is designed to test your knowledge and understanding of a wide range of subjects. By solving UPSC previous year question papers, you will get a good idea of the type of questions that are asked, the level of difficulty, and the time it takes to answer them. This will help you to prepare better for the actual exam.
Identify your strengths and weaknesses. As you solve UPSC previous year papers, you will start to identify your strengths and weaknesses in different subjects. This will help you to focus your studies on the areas where you need the most improvement.
Learn time management skills. The UPSC CSE is a three-hour exam, and you will need to manage your time wisely in order to answer all of the questions. By solving previous year question papers, you will get a better understanding of how much time you need to spend on each question.
Gain confidence. The more you practice, the more confident you will become in your ability to answer the questions in the exam. Solving UPSC previous year question papers is a great way to build your confidence and prepare for the actual exam.

Essay for UPSC PDF Free Download

Essay book PDF for UPSC Civil Services Mains Exams in Hindi and English for Free Download. A collections of books includes best and selected Essay, Last 7 years IAS/IPS Mains Solved Paper, for Hindi Compulsory Paper from reputed coaching Institutes and Publishers.

यूपीएससी सिविल सेवा मुख्य परीक्षा के लिए निबंध पुस्तक पीडीएफ हिंदी और अंग्रेजी में मुफ्त डाउनलोड के लिए। पुस्तकों के संग्रह में प्रतिष्ठित कोचिंग संस्थानों और प्रकाशकों से पिछले 7 वर्षों के IAS / IPS मेन्स सॉल्व्ड पेपर, हिंदी अनिवार्य पेपर के लिए सर्वश्रेष्ठ और चयनित निबंध शामिल हैं।

Disha Publication Essay for Civil Services Mains

Name : IAS/PCS & Other Competitive Exams निबंध : 151 Publisher : Disha Publication Medium : Hindi Number of Pages : 328

Name : IAS/PCS & Other Competitive Exams Essays : 101 Publisher : Disha Publication Medium : English Number of Pages : 289

दृष्टि IAS The Vision Hindi Essay Book PDF

Name : मध्य प्रदेश लोक सेवा आयोग (MPPSC) Subject : दृष्टि The Vision Medium : Hindi Number of Pages : 105

Name : A Handbook of Select Essays for Civil Services Examinations Publisher : Drishti Medium : English Number of Pages : 35

Prabhat Publication Essay for Civil Services in English

Name : Essays for Civil Services Examinations 145+173 Previous CSE Essays Publisher : Prabhat Publication Dr. B. Ramaswamy Medium : English Number of Pages : 429

Modern Essays by Arihant PDF

Name : Modern Essays Publisher : Arihant Author : Swati Agarwal Medium : English PDF Pages : 355

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UPSC CAPF Previous Year Paper: PDF Download

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UPSC CAPF Previous Year Paper is a crucial study resource to prepare well for the written exam. Practising questions from the UPSC CAPF AC previous year question paper with solutions will help candidates master the concepts and advance their preparation. The UPSC CAPF question paper provides information about the topics from which questions are asked frequently in the exam. Solving past papers will also help them identify the sections requiring more focus and dedication. In this article, we have compiled PDFs of UPSC CAPF Previous Year Papers with the latest exam patterns and trends.

UPSC CAPF Previous Year Paper 2024

UPSC CAPF Previous Year Paper is a useful resource to get insights into exam format, distribution of marks and marking scheme. Those planning to appear in the upcoming written exam must get their hands on the UPSC CAPF previous year's paper PDF to identify the level of their preparation and strategize accordingly. Get the direct link to download the UPSC CAPF previous question paper PDF from 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019 and 2018 on this page.

UPSC CAPF Previous Year Papers PDF

Aspirants must solve questions from the UPSC CAPF Previous Year Paper pdf to know the types of topics trending over the years along with their weightage in the exam. Additionally, they must attempt the UPSC CAPF AC previous year question papers to learn about the mistakes that must be avoided in the exam. Here are the UPSC CAPF previous papers PDFs for 2023, 2022, 2021, and 2020 shared below.

Benefits of Solving UPSC CAPF Previous Year Papers

Solving questions from the UPSC CAPF previous year papers comes with endless benefits. Some of them are discussed below.

It enables candidates to gauge their preparation level and build a strategic plan to achieve favourable results.
Practising UPSC CAPF previous papers will also help them to revise the concepts that have been studied so far and will strengthen their base.
Solving questions from the previous year papers will help them discover their strengths and weaknesses.

How to Attempt UPSC CAPF Previous Year Paper?

Here is the step-by-step guide to solving questions from the UPSC CAPF Previous Year Paper shared below:

Read carefully all the questions in the UPSC CAPF Previous Year Question Paper.
Place the stopwatch or timer to solve questions in a real-time environment.
Attempt easy questions first and keep difficult ones for last to solve UPSC CAPF AC previous year papers.
Once the entire paper is solved, tally your response with the UPSC CAPF answer key to elevate your preparation.

UPSC CAPF Exam Pattern 2024

Candidates must go through the UPSC CAPF Previous Year Paper pattern to learn about the exam details prescribed in the official notification. Paper I will be of the objective (multiple answers) type, in which the questions will be set in English as well as Hindi. In Paper II, candidates will be allowed the option of writing the essay component in English or Hindi, but the medium of precis writing, comprehension components and other communications/language skills will be English only. The UPSC CAPF exam pattern 2024 for the written exam is shared below.

The Hindu Editorial Analysis- 15th May 2024 | Current Affairs & Hindu Analysis: Daily, Weekly & Monthly - UPSC PDF Download

The National Human Rights Commission of India (NHRC) was formally informed late last week that the deferral of its status would continue for a year more. The deferral was put in place by the sub-committee on accreditation (SCA) of the Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions (GANHRI) for a year, in 2023. While the SCA did not agree with the plea of some leading international non-governmental organisations, to put the NHRC in category ‘B’, it also rejected India’s request to lift the deferral.

What is the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)?

Ensures protection of fundamental rights such as life, liberty, equality, and dignity.
Upholds rights outlined in the Indian Constitution and international agreements, enforceable in Indian courts.

Establishment:

Founded on October 12, 1993, through the Protection of Human Rights Act (PHRA), 1993.
Amendments: 2006 and 2019, aligning with international standards outlined in the Paris Principles.

Composition:

Comprises a chairperson, five full-time members, and seven deemed members.
Chairperson: Former Chief Justice of India or Supreme Court judge.

Appointment and Tenure:

Appointed by the President based on a six-member committee's recommendations.
Committee includes the Prime Minister, Lok Sabha Speaker, Rajya Sabha Deputy Chairman, Opposition leaders from both Houses of Parliament, and Union Home Minister.
Term : Three years or until reaching age 70.

Role and Function:

Possesses judicial powers akin to a civil court.
Authorized to engage central or state government officers or investigative agencies for probing human rights violations.
Can investigate incidents within one year of occurrence.
Primarily offers recommendations.

What are the Shortcomings in Functioning of NHRC?

Recommendations Aren't Mandatory : The NHRC investigates human rights violations and gives suggestions, but it can't force authorities to act on them. Its influence is more about what's right rather than what's legally binding.
Can't Punish Wrongdoers : Even if the NHRC finds someone guilty of violating human rights, it can't directly punish them or compensate victims. This makes it less effective in enforcing accountability.
Limited Control Over Military Cases : The NHRC can't investigate all cases involving the military, which makes it hard to ensure accountability across the board.
Can't Address Older Cases : If a human rights violation is reported more than a year later, the NHRC can't do much about it. This means it's not equipped to handle historical or delayed grievances well.
Short on Resources : The NHRC doesn't have enough staff or funds to handle its workload efficiently. This affects its ability to investigate cases, run inquiries, and raise public awareness effectively.
State Commissions Also Struggle : Many state human rights commissions, like the NHRC, don't have enough staff, especially without their leaders. This adds to the problem of limited resources.
Not Entirely Independent : Because the government appoints members of the NHRC, it's hard for it to be completely free from political influence. This affects how much people trust its decisions.
Needs to Be More Proactive : The NHRC mostly reacts to complaints rather than taking action before problems escalate. Being more proactive could make it more effective in preventing human rights abuses.

What are the Steps Need to be Taken to Strengthen Working of NHRC?

Broaden Mandate : Expand the NHRC's responsibilities to tackle emerging human rights issues such as Artificial Intelligence, Deep Fake, and Climate Change. This would ensure that it remains relevant and effective in addressing modern challenges.
Grant Enforcement Powers : Equip the NHRC with the authority to enforce its recommendations. By giving it punitive powers, it can hold perpetrators of human rights violations accountable and ensure compliance with its directives.
Composition Reforms : Diversify the composition of the NHRC by appointing members from civil society, activists, and experts. This will provide a more comprehensive perspective and enhance the credibility of the commission.
Independent Cadre Development : Establish an independent cadre of staff within the NHRC who specialize in human rights issues. This will address resource constraints and ensure that the commission has the expertise needed to effectively investigate and address violations.
Strengthen State Human Rights Commissions : Support state Human Rights Commissions by facilitating collaboration, capacity building, and knowledge sharing. Strengthening these commissions will improve human rights protection at the grassroots level.
Advocacy and Public Awareness : Shift from reactive responses to proactive advocacy, awareness campaigns, and education initiatives. Empowering citizens with knowledge about their rights will help prevent violations and increase the impact of NHRC interventions.
International Cooperation : Foster collaboration with international human rights bodies to learn from their experiences and adopt best practices. By leveraging international expertise, India can enhance its approach to human rights protection and enforcement.

UPSC Civil Services Examination, Previous Year Questions (PYQs)

Q1. . Other than the Fundamental Rights, which of the following parts of the Constitution of India reflect/reflects the principles and provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)? (2020)

Directive Principles of State Policy
Fundamental Duties

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

Q2. Consider the following: (2011)

Right to education
Right to equal access to public service
Right to food.

Which of the above is/are Human Right/Human Rights under “Universal Declaration of Human Rights”?

(a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only (c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

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IAS Study Materials and Notes for FREE!
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Essay Paper UPSC 2021 (Mains): Question Paper and Analysis
UPSC conducted the Essay Paper, as part of the Civil Services Main Exam 2021 on 07-01-2022. There were 8 Essay topics, out of which candidates were asked to write on two topics in 3 hours. Candidates were supposed to answer about 1000 words for each essay (about 10-12 pages).
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WEEKLY UPSC IAS ESSAY WRITING CHALLENGE
WEEKLY UPSC IAS ESSAY WRITING CHALLENGES - 2024. April 28, 2024 : We come nearest to the great when we are great in humility. April 21, 2024 : Well done is better than well said. April 14, 2024 : Consistency is the last refuge of the unimaginative. April 07, 2024 : Came from plant, use it; made in plant, don't.
Essay Syllabus
UPSC Civil Service Mains Paper 1 (popularly known as essay paper) is now of 250 marks. Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. They will be expected to keep close to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.
UPSC Mains 2021 Essay Question Paper
The Essay paper has been conducted on 7th January 2022 in the forenoon session (9 AM to 12 PM). The Mains (Written) Examination consists of nine papers in total. The first stage, that is, Prelims, was conducted on October 10, 2021. UPSC Mains 2021 Essay Question Paper:- Download PDF Here. Download compulsory language papers from the links below:
UPSC Essay Topics
Here are some UPSC Essay Topics on Science and Technology: Deglobalisation is good for the world. Science is organised Knowledge. Wisdom is Organised life. Technology is a Weapon against Poverty. Prioritising Education Technology for Global Growth. Technology is the silent factor in International Relations.
UPSC Essay
The UPSC essay paper is one of the nine papers for the IAS main exam. With this, the scores obtained in the UPSC essay topics will also be considered in the merit list. Hence, it is important to cover all the aspects of the UPSC essay syllabus. In this paper, candidates need to write two essays, each with a word limit of 1000-1200 words.
UPSC Toppers Answer Copy
Gaurav Agrawal Rank - 1, 2013, Medium - English. Bharti Dixit Rank - 5, 2013, Medium - English. Sakshi Sawhney Rank - 6, 2013, Medium - English. Divyanshu Jha Rank - 9, 2013, Medium - English. Analyze your Preparation by referring to UPSC Toppers' Answer Copy | 8 in Top 10 Selections in CSE 2021 - Vision IAS - Toppers' Choice.
PDF tra I I QUESTION PAPER SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS
Word limit, as specified, should be adhered to. Any page or portion of the page left blank in the Question-cum-Answer Booklet must be clearly struck off. tra I I QUESTION PAPER SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS CC 2017 DETACHABLE ESSAY Time Allowed : Three Hours : 250 Maximum Marks : 250. 'Social media' is Inherently a selfish medium.
UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Analysis, Check PDF Download Link
The Essay Paper of UPSC Mains 2023 is available in PDF format. The exam was successfully administered by UPSC at Forenoon on September 15, 2023. 9:00 AM - 12:00 PM, session. The UPSC Essay Paper is of 250 Marks. Candidates can check the UPSC Essay Paper 2023 PDF Link below.
Prabhat's 145+ Essays for Civil Services Examination Book PDF
Prabhat 151+ Essays for Civil Service Examinations PDF. This book is a compilation of 151+ Essays written by the author Dr B Ramaswamy. The book is available in both PDF and e-book formats. This book is specifically designed for students preparing for the Civil Services Examination. However, anyone looking to improve their English writing ...
Previous Year Question Papers
Previous Year Question Papers. Search Exam Name. Apply. Year: 2024. National Defence Academy and Naval Academy Examination (I), 2024. General Ability Test. Mathematics. Combined Defence Services Examination (I), 2024. Elementary Mathematics.
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UPSC previous year question papers offer a window into the variety of question types that the Commission employs. UPSC Questions are designed to test candidates' analytical, problem-solving, and decision-making abilities. These may include multiple-choice questions, essay-type questions, and those requiring subjective responses.
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UPSC Civil Services Mains 2021 Essay Question Paper PDF Download. First Published: January 8, 2022. Swamy Vivekananda. January 8, 2022.
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UPSC Essay Topic wise Question Papers of last 31 years (1993-2023) for Civil Services IAS/IPS Exam Free Download

1.1 India Since Independence

2 Economy, Development

3 Education

4 Quote based, Philosophy, Ethics

5 Women empowerment

6 International issues, Internal Security, History

7 Science-Technology

Section-A (write any one)

Section-B (write any one)

Essay Syllabus – Civil Services Mains Exam UPSC

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UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Section A

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UPSC Essay Paper 2023 Detailed Discussion Question-wise

1. Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.

2. Visionary decision making happen at the intersection of intuition and logic

3. Not all who wander are lost

4. Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane

5. Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines

6. Mathematics is the ‘music of reason’

7. A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity

8. Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in the school

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