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Phases of the Moon Primary Resource

Learn about the different phases of the moon as it orbits the earth.

This Space primary resource helps children learn about the phases of the Moon. Discover why our view of the Moon changes each night. Why does the Moon shine bright at night? How long does it take for the Moon to orbit the Earth?  What is a “New Moon”?

In our National Geographic Kids’ Science primary resource, pupils will learn how our view of the Moon changes according to its position relative to the Earth and the Sun. It is useful for study group tasks to learn about the phases of the Moon, as well as discussion about the Solar System.

This teaching resource can be used  as a printed handout for each pupil to review and annotate, or for display on the interactive whiteboard using the images included in the resource for class discussion.

Activity:  Ask your pupils to record the phases of the Moon over the course of a month. Make printed copies of a calendar month, with a blank circle in each day of the week. Ask your pupils to look at the Moon every night and colour in the circle to show which phase it is in. You could also use the diagram in the primary resource sheet to make a classroom display showing the different phases of the Moon. The Sun, Earth and different phases of the Moon could be made from balloons and papier-mâché.

N.B.  The following information for mapping the resource documents to the school curriculum is specifically tailored to the  English National Curriculum  and  Scottish Curriculum for Excellence . We are currently working to bring specifically tailored curriculum resource links for our other territories; including  South Africa ,  Australia  and  New Zealand . If you have any queries about our upcoming curriculum resource links, please email:  [email protected]

This Science primary resource assists with teaching the following Upper Key Stage 2 Science (Year 5) objectives from the National Curriculum :

Pupils should be taught to:  

• describe the movement of the Earth, and other planets, relative to the Sun in the solar system
• describe the movement of the Moon relative to the Earth
• describe the Sun, Earth and Moon as approximately spherical bodies

This Science primary resource assists with teaching the following Sciences Early level objectives from the Scottish Curriculum for Excellence :

I have experienced the wonder of looking at the vastness of the sky, and can recognise the sun, moon and stars and link them to daily patterns of life.

By safely observing and recording the sun and moon at various times, I can describe their patterns of movement and changes over time. I can relate these to the length of a day, a month and a year.

This Science primary resource assists with teaching the following Sciences Second level objectives from the Scottish Curriculum for Excellence :

• By observing and researching features of our solar system, I can use simple models to communicate my understanding of size, scale, time and relative motion within it.

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Facts about the Moon for Kids

February 4, 2020 By Emma Vanstone Leave a Comment

I’ve got lots of fun activities and facts about the Moon to share today. The Moon is probably more important to the Earth than you think. Did you know it stabilises the wobble of the Earth on its axis, giving us a fairly stable climate and causing tides?

Did you know the Moon is slowly drifting away from the Earth? It moves around 3.5 cm further away each year!

The Moon is the Earth’s only natural satellite and the fifth largest Moon in the Solar System.

We only see one side of the moon from Earth. This is because it rotates in exactly the same time it takes to orbit Earth, so we always see the same face. This phenomenon is known as tidal locking .

The moon formed around 4.5 billion years ago!

The surface of the moon is called regolith.

Did you know if you were to fly from the Moon to the Sun, it would take about 20 years??

Gravity on Earth is six times stronger than that on the Moon.

Why do the sun and moon look to be the same size?

The Sun and Moon look to be a similar size from Earth, but we know the Sun is much bigger. The reason they look to be similar in size is because the Moon is about 400 times smaller than the Sun, but the Sun is 400 times further away from the Earth than the Moon.

How is the Moon different to the Earth?

The surface of the Moon is dry and lifeless. There’s no water and very little atmosphere.

As the Earth moves around the Sun, it also rotates on its axis. The Moon helps Earth not wobble too much because of its gravitational pull.

Without the Moon, the tilt of the Earth’s axis would vary, and the climate would be much more unstable.

Does the moon impact tides?

Tides on Earth are mostly caused by the pull of the Moon’s gravity.

How hot is the Moon?

It depends on which side you’re on. On the side of the moon, where the sun shines, temperatures can reach about 100 degrees Celsius!! This is because the Moon has no atmosphere to shield it from the sun’s rays.

How cold is the moon?

On the dark side of the Moon, where the sun can’t reach, temperatures drop as low as – 173 degrees Celsius.

Are there really footprints on the moon?

There is no wind on the Moon, so there is nothing to move anything on the surface. The footprints left by astronauts who landed on the moon are still there today.

Why does the moon look different on different days?

As the  Moon orbits the Earth , different parts of it are lit by the sun, which is why it seems to change shape. We call the different shapes phases of the moon. The Moon itself doesn’t emit any light. What you actually see is sunlight reflected off the Moon.

A Full Moon is when you can see the whole of the moon, and a New Moon is when you can’t see any of the moon.

How long does the Moon take to orbit the Earth?

The Moon takes 27.32 days to orbit the Earth, and in that time, we see all the phases of the moon. New Moon to New Moon is 29.5 days.

Who was the first person to walk on the moon?

Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon in 1969!

How was the Moon formed?

Scientists think the Moon formed when a huge ( possibly Mars sized ) object collided with the Earth. Another theory is that the Moon was an asteroid captured by the Earth’s gravity.

Last Updated on January 12, 2024 by Emma Vanstone

Safety Notice

Science Sparks ( Wild Sparks Enterprises Ltd ) are not liable for the actions of activity of any person who uses the information in this resource or in any of the suggested further resources. Science Sparks assume no liability with regard to injuries or damage to property that may occur as a result of using the information and carrying out the practical activities contained in this resource or in any of the suggested further resources.

These activities are designed to be carried out by children working with a parent, guardian or other appropriate adult. The adult involved is fully responsible for ensuring that the activities are carried out safely.

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Phases of the moon

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Identify phases of the moon

How much of the moon we see depends on the position of the earth, moon and sun. In this worksheet, students will match the phase of the moon to its name .

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Celebrate the 50th anniversary of the first Apollo Moon Landing in your school. Here are lots of ideas and activities all about the Moon.

Quality Assured Category: Science Publisher: Tig Tag

Aimed at primary learners, this resource provides a lesson which looks at the phases of the Moon and how we observe it from the Earth. A detailed lesson plan incorporates subject knowledge, classroom activities, structured educational films, possible misconceptions and questions which check understanding. The film clips show the phases of the moon, the first moon landing and how the Moon’s phases affect life on Earth. Also included is information on gravity, the tides and how to model solar and lunar eclipses.

Paxi and Our Moon: Phases and Eclipses

Quality Assured Category: Science Publisher: European Space Agency (ESA)

In this short animation Paxi, the friendly alien from Space, explores our moon. Paxi looks at the orbit of the Moon and explains the phases of the moon as seen from the Northern and Southern hemispheres. The animation also highlights key concepts related to the moon and demonstrates how solar and lunar eclipses occur.

Daytime Moon Viewing

Quality Assured Category: Science Publisher: Royal Observatory Greenwich

This resource, from the Royal Observatory Greenwich, uses daytime viewing of the Moon to reinforce ideas learned in the classroom about light, shadow and the Moon itself. Advice is given on the best times to view the Moon, and the compulsory and optional equipment needed. By viewing the Moon during the day, students will be able to study six of the eight phases of the Moon during school hours with the direct assistance of teachers. The Royal Observatory Greenwich resource, Phases of the Moon , can be used as an extension activity.

Footprints on the Moon

Quality Assured Category: Science Publisher: Science and Technology Facilities Council - UKRI

In this lesson, students will learn a bit more about the Apollo missions and what the Astronauts did at the landing sites. They will then perform an experiment to determine which material, sand or flour, is most like the lunar soil, and observe samples of these under the USB microscopes to determine which is most like the actual soil samples returned from the Moon. By looking at the shapes of the particles, they will then explain why the Apollo astronaut’s footprints are still on the Moon 50 years later.

The Rotating Moon

Quality Assured Category: Physics Publisher: Open University

This animated clip explains how we always see the same side of the Moon and that the Moon used to spin much faster and has since become gravitationally tidally locked to the Earth. This is the case with most moons within the solar system.

Moon Landing: Apollo 11

Quality Assured Category: Science Publisher: NASA

The astronaut Neil Armstrong was the first human to set foot on the moon. From NASA, these images illustrate the story behind "One small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind." Truly a milestone moment in space exploration.

Phases of the Moon

Quality Assured Category: Science Publisher: Institute of Physics

This Teaching Astronomy and Space video, from the Institute of Physics (IOP), Teachers TV and the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), illustrates a simple demonstration of the phases of the Moon.

Using a light source and a small ball, the Moon's phases can be seen by a central observer representing the Earth. Students can take turns to be the observer or alternatively a web cam could be used to show the whole class.

Please refer to the information and acknowledgements for this resource.

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