dissertation ideas on homelessness

An official website of the United States government

The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

• Publications
• Account settings

Preview improvements coming to the PMC website in October 2024. Learn More or Try it out now .

• Advanced Search
• Journal List
• Int J Environ Res Public Health

Homelessness and Public Health: A Focus on Strategies and Solutions

David a. sleet.

1 School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; moc.liamg@teelsadivad

2 Veritas Management, Inc., Atlanta, GA 30324, USA

Louis Hugo Francescutti

3 School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada

4 Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada

5 Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, AB T5H 3V9, Canada

On any given night, hundreds of thousands of people are homeless in the United States and Canada. Globally, the problem is many times worse, making homelessness a global public health and environmental problem. The facts [ 1 ] are staggering:

• On a single night in January 2020, 580,466 people (about 18 out of every 10,000 people) experienced homelessness across the United States—a 2.2% increase from 2019.
• While 61% percent of the homeless were staying in sheltered locations, the remainder—more than 226,000 people—were in unsheltered locations on the street, in abandoned buildings, or in other places not suitable for human habitation.
• Homelessness has increased in the last four consecutive years.
• The increase in unsheltered homelessness is driven largely by increases in California.
• In 2020, 171,575 people in families with children experienced homelessness on a single night.
• A total of 3598 homeless people were children under the age of 18 without an adult present.
• Veterans comprised 8% of all homeless adults (over 46,000 veterans struggle with homelessness).
• People of color are significantly over-represented among those experiencing homelessness.

A layman’s definition of homelessness is usually “a person that has no permanent home”. However, many scholars have divided the broad group of people characterized as homeless into three (or more) categories:

• - People without a place to reside;
• - People in persistent poverty, forced to move constantly, and who are homeless for even brief periods of time;
• - People who have lost their housing due to personal, social, or environmental circumstances.

While this definition refers specifically to homeless individuals, it is equally applicable to homeless families.

Homelessness is closely connected to declines in physical and mental health. Homeless persons experience high rates of health problems such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and Hepatitis A infections, alcohol and drug addiction, mental illness, tuberculosis, and other serious conditions. The health problems facing homeless persons result from various factors, including a lack of housing, racism and discrimination, barriers to health care, a lack of access to adequate food and protection, limited resources for social services, and an inadequate public health infrastructure. Legal and policy interventions have often been used to attempt to address homelessness, although not always from a public health perspective.

In health care, for example, if someone experiencing homelessness comes to an emergency department for medical aid, once treated, the only alternative is to release the patient back onto the street. This creates an endless cycle of emergency department visits, increasing costs and expending resources in the health care system.

Recent work [ 2 ] has emphasized the important role of public health, the health care system, and health care providers in homelessness prevention. In this Special Issue of the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH), we have brought together researchers, practitioners, and community organizers to articulate the public health problem of homelessness and identify clear strategies to reduce homelessness and provide more adequate health care and housing for this population. We also explore solutions for important subpopulations, including adults, families with children, adolescents, women, transitional aged youth, and those suffering from mental illness, PTSD, alcohol dependency, mental illness, adverse childhood experiences, and chronic homelessness.

We address many of these issues in the context of public health and explore the public health implications and potential solutions to homelessness, focusing on contemporary and emerging research and innovative strategies, and highlighting best practices to address homelessness among key populations. The papers in this Special Issue attempt to answer several questions related to homelessness and public health, such as:

• What is the extent of homelessness and why do people become homeless?
• What are the public health and health services implications of homelessness?
• What role does housing play as a precursor to and potential solution for homelessness?
• What public health and health care interventions are being employed, and what effectiveness is being achieved?
• What long-term strategies can be developed to prevent homelessness?

The 13 research papers and one commentary in this Special Issue are summarized as follows:

• Conceptualizing an Interdisciplinary Collective Impact Approach to Examine and Intervene in the Chronic Cycle of Homelessness. This study by Abdel–Samad et al. [ 3 ] focuses on a novel, interdisciplinary academic–practice partnership model for addressing the problem of homelessness. Whereas singular disciplinary approaches may fall short in substantially reducing homelessness, this approach draws from a collective impact model that integrates discipline-specific approaches through mutually reinforcing activities and shared metrics. The paper describes what is necessary for capacity-building at the institution and community levels, the complementary strengths and contributions of each discipline in the model, and future implementation goals to address homelessness in the Southern California region using a cross-disciplinary approach.
• Mental Illness and Youth-Onset Homelessness: A Retrospective Study among Adults Experiencing Homelessness . Iwundu et al. [ 4 ] conducted a retrospective study and evaluated the association between the timing of homelessness onset (youth versus adult) and mental illness. The results indicated that mental illness (as a reason for current homelessness) and severe mental illness comorbidities were each associated with increased odds of youth-onset homelessness, providing a basis for agencies that serve at-risk youth in order to address mental health precursors to youth homelessness.
• Well-Being without a Roof: Examining Well-Being among Unhoused Individuals Using Mixed Methods and Propensity Score Matching. Ahuja et al. [ 5 ] found that the mean overall well-being score of unhoused participants was significantly lower than that of matched housed participants, with unhoused participants reporting lower mean scores for social connectedness, lifestyle and daily practices, stress and resilience, emotions, physical health, and finances. The unhoused participants had a statistically significantly higher mean score for spirituality and religiosity than their matched housed counterparts. The qualitative interviews highlighted spirituality and religion as a coping mechanism for the unhoused.
• Combatting Homelessness in Canada: Applying Lessons Learned from Six Tiny Villages to the Edmonton Bridge Healing Program. Authors Wong et al. [ 6 ] discuss the Bridge Healing Program in Edmonton, Alberta, a novel approach to combatting homelessness by using hospital emergency departments (ED) as a gateway to temporary housing. The program provides residents with immediate temporary housing before transitioning them to permanent homes. The paper discusses effective strategies that underlie the Tiny Villages concept by analyzing six case studies and applying the lessons learned to improving the Bridge Healing Program and reducing repeat ED visits and ED lengths of stay among homeless individuals.
• Change in Housing Status among Homeless and Formerly Homeless Individuals in Quebec, Canada: A Profile Study. Kaltsidis et al. [ 7 ] used a cluster analysis to develop a typology of the housing status change for 270 currently or formerly homeless individuals who were residing in shelters and temporary or permanent housing. The findings suggest that the maintenance or improvement in the housing status requires the availability of suitable types and frequencies of service use (enabling factors) that are well-adapted to the complexity of health problems (needs factors) among homeless individuals. Specific interventions, such as outreach programs and case management, are prioritized as necessary services, especially for individuals at a higher risk of returning to homelessness.
• Urban Stress Indirectly Influences Psychological Symptoms through Its Association with Distress Tolerance and Perceived Social Support among Adults Experiencing Homelessness. To investigate the simultaneous impact of intrapersonal characteristics (distress tolerance) and interpersonal characteristics (social support) and their association with homelessness, Hernandez et al. [ 8 ] recruited homeless adults from six homeless shelters in Oklahoma City who self-reported urban life stress, distress tolerance, social support, major depressive disorder, and PTSD symptoms. Based on the resulting associations, their findings stress the importance of implementing interventions aimed at increasing social support for homeless persons, something that may also increase skill development for distress tolerance and indirectly lead to a reduction in depression and PTSD.
• “I Felt Safe”: The Role of the Rapid Rehousing Program in Supporting the Security of Families Experiencing Homelessness in Salt Lake County, Utah. Garcia and Kim [ 9 ] describe their research into The Road Home (TRH) program, which provides services to homeless individuals and families. TRH is known for their emergency shelters and also administers the Rapid Rehousing Program (RRHP), designed to help homeless families transition back into stable housing. After collecting qualitative data from focus groups with participants and families, landlords, case managers, and service providers, they make recommendations for program improvements that can increase the residential security of families experiencing homelessness.
• “It’s Just a Band-Aid on Something No One Really Wants to See or Acknowledge”: A Photovoice Study with Transitional Aged Youth Experiencing Homelessness to Examine the Roots of San Diego’s 2016–2018 Hepatitis A Outbreak. In this study, Felner et al. [ 10 ] examined the experiences and needs of transitional aged youth (TAY) aged 18–24 experiencing homelessness who may have been uniquely affected by an unprecedented outbreak of hepatitis A virus (HAV). The findings documented a stigmatization of TAY, interventions that failed to address root causes of the outbreak, and interactions with housing- and social support-related resources that limited rather than supported economic and social mobility. The findings have implications for understanding how media and public discourse, public health interventions, and the availability and delivery of resources can contribute to and perpetuate stigma and health inequities faced by TAY experiencing homelessness.
• Predictors of Overnight and Emergency Treatment among Homeless Adults. Iwundu et al. [ 11 ] aimed to identify the sociodemographic predictors associated with overnight and emergency hospital treatment among a sample of homeless adults. Participants were recruited from a shelter in Dallas, Texas and were predominantly uninsured, low-income men and women from various social and ethnic groups. In logistic regression models, gender emerged as the only predictor of overnight treatment in a hospital and treatment in an emergency department. Women were more likely than men to be treated overnight and use emergency care. The authors concluded that interventions and policies targeted toward homeless women’s primary health care needs would reduce health care costs.
• Association of Problematic Alcohol Use and Food Insecurity among Homeless Men and Women. In a study on alcohol use and food insecurity among homeless men and women, Reitzel et al. [ 12 ] investigated the link between problematic alcohol use and food insecurity among homeless adults in Oklahoma. Problematic alcohol use was measured using the Alcohol Quantity and Frequency Questionnaire and the Patient Health Questionnaire. Food insecurity was measured with the USDA Food Security Scale-Short Form. The results indicated that heavy drinking and probable alcohol dependence/abuse were each associated with increased odds of food insecurity. The results question whether alcohol may take precedence over eating or food purchases among this population of homeless individuals.
• Exploring Tiny Homes as an Affordable Housing Strategy to Ameliorate Homelessness: A Case Study of the Dwellings in Tallahassee, FL. “Tiny Homes” is an emerging strategy to combat homelessness, and Jackson et al. [ 13 ] raise a number of questions about the intentions, efficacy, and policy feasibility of this strategy. The paper seeks to understand the strategies used by stakeholders to plan, design, and implement a “Tiny Homes” strategy, and to assess their effectiveness. Using a case study, they examined how the community was planned, the experiences of residents, and the constraints to success. Their findings highlighted how funding constraints and NIMBYism (Not in My Backyard-ism) stymied stakeholder efforts to achieve equity and affordability, resulting in the inability to achieve project aims to develop affordable housing that served homeless populations.
• Predictors of Emergency Department Use among Individuals with Current or Previous Experience of Homelessness. The study by Gabet et al. [ 14 ] assessed the contributions of predisposing, enabling, and needs factors in predicting emergency department (ED) use among 270 individuals with a current or previous experience of homelessness. Participants were recruited from types of housing in Montreal, Quebec (Canada) and were interviewed about their ED use at baseline and again 12 months later. The findings revealed two needs factors associated with ED use: having a substance use disorder and low perceived physical health. Two enabling factors—the use of ambulatory specialized services and stigma—were also related to ED use. ED use was not associated with the type of housing. The authors suggest that improvements are needed to manage substance use disorders and the physical health of homeless individuals in order to reduce ED use.
• Being at the Bottom Rung of the Ladder in an Unequal Society: A Qualitative Analysis of Stories of People without a Home. The Mabhala and Yohannes article [ 15 ] examines the stories of homeless people and their perceptions of their social status using interviews in three centers for homeless people in Cheshire, in the English Northwest. Education, employment, and health were three domains that provided a theoretical explanation for the reasons that led to their homelessness. Participants catalogued their adverse childhood experiences, which they believe limited their capacity to meaningfully engage with social institutions for social goods, such as education, social services, and institutions of employment. They conclude that, although not all people who are poorly educated, in poor health, and unemployed end up being homeless, a combination of these together with multiple adverse childhood experiences may weaken resilience and contribute to homelessness.
• Commentary: Investing in Public Health Infrastructure to Address the Complexities of Homelessness. In a final commentary, Allegrante and Sleet [ 16 ] introduce the notion that investments in public health infrastructure are needed to address the complexities of homelessness, including the continued threats posed by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and its variants. The lack of affordable housing, widespread unemployment, poverty, addiction and mental illness, which all contribute to the risk of homelessness, would be well-served by improving the fundamental public health infrastructure. They argue that homelessness is exacerbated by system-wide infrastructure failures at the municipal, state and federal governments and from the neglect to invest in public infrastructure, including a modern public health system.

In conclusion, shelter is a basic human need. Thus far, we have an inadequate understanding of all the medical and nonmedical, public health, and infrastructural influences that drive homelessness and why so many people are living without adequate shelter. Housing is one of the most critical factors in addressing homelessness and one of the best-researched social determinants of health. Several articles here focus on innovative approaches to providing temporary or permanent housing for those who need it, and it is well known that selected housing interventions can improve health and decrease health care costs. From that perspective, some professionals in the field contend that housing equates to health [ 17 ] and that improved housing options for homeless individuals and families would advance population-level health.

Many of the articles in this Special Issue [ 18 ] focus on specific aspects of life, quality of life, and co-morbidities related to behavioral and social variables influencing homelessness. Explored in detail are factors such as lack of housing, distress, wellness, emergency department use, mental health, drug and alcohol addiction, poverty, low educational attainment, inadequate health care and social services, adverse childhood experiences, ongoing infections, unemployment, and public health infrastructure. In addition to highlighting the impact these factors can have on the likelihood that someone would become homeless, many of the articles also provide recommendations for relevant policies, practices, and interventions that could help reduce homelessness and improve overall well-being.

The intersection of environmental, behavioral, and social factors, in addition to the lack of an adequate infrastructure, must also be considered when studying the determinants of homelessness and designing appropriate interventions. Our ultimate goal in producing this Special Issue of IJERPH is to encourage the development of better evidence to inform public health, social services, and medical care policies and practices that will result in better health for homeless populations.

Acknowledgments

We thank the authors and reviewers for their commitment to preparing and editing these manuscripts and for adding to the knowledge base of this important public health problem.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Perspectives on Homelessness: A Qualitative Study With Clinical Psychologists in Secondary Care Mental Health Services

Prof Doc Thesis

https://repository.uel.ac.uk/item/8884w

Log in to edit

Download files

236 Brilliant Homelessness Essay Topics & Free Paper Examples

Homelessness is a compound problem that consists of many different aspects and causes, and you want to discuss as many as possible in your essay on homelessness. Check our article to get homelessness essay topics and thesis ideas, research questions, and inspiration from free paper examples!

🌎 How to Write a Homelessness Essay

🏆 best homelessness topics & essay examples, 👍 good homeless essay topics, ⭐ simple & easy homelessness essay titles, 💡 interesting topics to write about homelessness, ✍️ homelessness essay topics for college, 📑 memorable research topics about homelessness, ❓ research questions about homelessness.

Some people encounter obstacles in their lives and end up on the streets while they try to find a new job and improve their livelihood. Others become homeless veterans, resigning to a life without a proper dwelling.

There are also rare people who choose a homeless lifestyle of their own volition due to personal beliefs. Such individuals may be better off than the rest, but they still warrant an inspection. Depending on the category you want to discuss, you will have to select an appropriate homelessness essay thesis.

You should discuss homelessness as a systemic issue that happens to a group of people. You may use individual cases as illustrations for some of your points, but anecdotal evidence is not sufficient for strong statements.

Statistics and scholarly articles are preferable sources, though you may use journalistic pieces to support a theoretical framework. If you do so, make sure that the articles maintain an objective tone and try to remain impartial instead of appealing to feelings.

Poor journalism is possibly even less trustworthy than the unsupervised websites your instructions may have warned you to avoid. Their use would damage the credibility of your essay and, therefore, its impact.

As can be seen from the above, the reasons why people may become homeless are an excellent topic for discussion. You can link the people who are temporarily homeless to the region’s economic performance or similar factors.

Additional research would be necessary to do so, including economic analyses and interviews with homeless people. Nevertheless, the discussion will show your insight and originality in linking different ideas to explain phenomena.

It will also demonstrate your knowledge of various economic and political topics and further your understanding of social factors. You can also use a discussion of the reasons why people may lose their homes as a homelessness essay hook to shift to their current situation.

On its own, homelessness may be viewed in a manner similar to that of unemployment, with some degree of it being unavoidable and necessary to power the real estate industry. However, when people remain without a residence for an extended period, their state becomes an issue and should be explored.

In your homelessness essay topics, you should discuss the reasons why homeless people may be unable to obtain a permanent home. Physical factors such as the inability to obtain a job or the high prices of housing are excellent examples.

Mental issues such as depression and other conditions also warrant discussion. You will be able to obtain a more complete overview of the issue by inspecting its various components.

Here are some additional tips for your essay:

• The phenomenon of homelessness as it occurs on a societal level has been researched thoroughly. You may voice original ideas, but make sure that they are supported with strong evidence.
• Try to differentiate between various categories of homeless people. Homogenizing them without considering their differences and attitudes may lead you to make mistaken assessments.
• Try to consult historical data to identify periods when homelessness rose or fell and associate them with other events. You may discover effective or ineffective policy, economic growth and crises, or other ideas you can use.

Come to IvyPanda for homelessness essay titles and other helpful paper samples!

• On How to Eradicate Homelessness The truth of the matter is that majority of the homeless are people with dreams, ambitions and desire to succeed. According to the National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty, paucity has been the key […]
• Homelessness and its Solutions This problem is caused by either inability to afford the costs of proper medication or as a result of the congestion within the concentration camps of the homeless.
• Homelessness in the US: Causes and Solutions Due to the income disparity, insufficient accommodations, and racial inequality, the homelessness crisis in the US has been exacerbated. To recommend the most appropriate and effective policies, the causes should be analyzed in detail.
• The Causes and Impacts of Homelessness Liberalists argue that homelessness results from the general nature and the poor economic structures and the manner in which finances and resources are distributed in the society.
• Homelessness as a Global Social Issue In the US, homelessness is on the increase because of economic melt- down and foreclosures. Moreover, differences in perception of homelessness by liberal and conservative on homeless have increased homelessness in the US.
• Homelessness in the US The existing policies do not address the problem of homelessness in the US. The constitution was adjusted in 1949 to cater for the needs of the poor in society.
• Mumbai Great Problem: Homelessness Problem in Cities From the discussion of the categories of the homeless, it is clear that it can prove to be difficult to define what homelessness truly is.
• Helping the Homeless in the Community The main task during the two hours is preparing cutlery and to serving the food to the homeless people. We particularly have to focus on the living conditions of the homeless people to highlight the […]
• Tell Them Who I am, the lives of Homeless Women by Elliot Liebow The writer though reports that it is not the interest of women to be homeless since they have the capacity to work and provide themselves with whatever they want.
• Homelessness and Housing in Oneida County and City of Utica This research aims to assess the well-being of the community of Oneida County and the City of Utica, using the data on homelessness rates and housing prices.
• Homelessness as a Social Issue Research further indicates that the group is at a high risk of suffering from addiction in an effort to contain stress and ignominy associated with homelessness.
• Why Is Being Homeless Not a Bad Idea? Another benefit of living on the streets is a chance to be withdrawn from the misery of modern life and technological advancements.
• Overpopulation and Homelessness in the Modern World According to the United Nations, more than half of the population resides in urban areas, making the problem of homelessness visible: cities cannot keep up with the high demand for housing, resulting in people living […]
• Homelessness in Northern California The residents of Northern California faced frustration and anxiety, raising health and safety fears and causing multiple debates about poverty and discrimination in one of the wealthiest states of the country.
• The Impact of Homelessness in California: Economic and Other Reasons The crisis intensified after the recession of 2008 when prices soared up, and now hundreds of thousands of people live in their tents or vehicles in LA, San Francisco, and other cities.
• Kids and Youth Homelessness: Facts and Statistics in the United States There have been numerous government interventions in the form of policies since the times of the Great Depression, but the number of homeless children and teenagers has only increased.
• Social Work and Homelessness Research Methodology A randomized controlled trial will be conducted to answer the following research question: what is the effectiveness of the Housing First program to street homelessness based on the experiences of both human service professionals and […]
• Homelessness Studies and Their Ethical Dimensions It is clear that the individuals were not made aware of the consequences of these experiments. Such research can be made ethical if researchers devote more attention to people’s health during and after the trials’ […]
• Homelessness as a Major Healthcare Issue As such, relocating the money to provide shelter and improve housing for homeless people would ensure a positive result of spending the budget to care for the homeless.
• Homelessness: Improving Health Outcomes However, in the 1880s, the public perceptions of homelessness improved following the development of literature that appreciated their courage and willingness to deviate from monotony and oppression associated with industrial work.
• Health Problems Among Homeless People To sum up, it should be noted that homeless people, one of the most vulnerable groups in society, suffer from numerous health problems.
• The Issue of Homelessness in New York City The enormous drop in the number of single-room dwelling units in New York City during the rise of contemporary homelessness was the most crucial single shift in the city’s housing stock.
• Giving Money to the Homeless: Is It Important? The question of whether a person should give money to a homeless person or not is a complicated one and cannot have the right answer.
• Le Guin’s “The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas” and Homelessness in the U.S. This paper aims to briefly summarize the plot and the themes of this short story and relate it to the current problem of homelessness in the United States.
• Debunking the Myths on Homelessness: Misconceptions About the Social Status and Mental Health The point of concern is that the housing market, particularly in the United States, does not have enough low-cost living space that is affordable to the economical marginals and people with low income.
• Human Services and Needs Assessment of Homeless In the case study by Giffords, Alonso, and Bell, the purpose of gathering needs information is to assess and record the level of individual adolescents’ skills. A needs assessment is crucial for identifying the goals […]
• The Problem of Homeless People in Modern World In 1987, the number of homeless people in Canada was between 100,000 and 250,000 out of a total population of 28 million people. There are several negative impacts of homelessness to the homeless people.
• Homelessness in the United States Additionally, a variety of factors contributes to homelessness and they are deep within the makeup of the economy thus homelessness has remained an area of concern to the government, the social service providers and the […]
• Homelessness in Australia: Geography of Unhealthy Housing The two primary domains that govern the social welfare needs of this population group are income support and housing assistance; however, there can be limitations in these policies that impact the well-being of homeless Australians.
• The Rights of the Homeless and the Contradictions of the Law Thus, there is a direct contradiction in this and similar municipal laws to the provision of the Constitution, as the Court of Appeals affirmed.
• Safe Golf in Sacramento: Solving the Homelessness Problem There are many problems and misunderstandings related to the problem of homelessness in Sacramento, but the Haggin Oaks Golf Complex is probably the most damaged organization in this context.
• Homelessness Solutions for the Haggin Oaks Golf Complex The point is that there is a homeless encampment behind the organization on Roseville Road, and the behavior and lifestyles of its resident deter golfers and potential guests of the complex from playing at the […]
• Homelessness in the Veteran Community Such social conditions may consist of bureaucracy, the lack of government investments, class distribution, the lack of ethical considerations within the scope of the legislation, and many others which can deprive the mentioned population of […]
• Nature and Importance of a Center for Homeless People The organizations offer community members an opportunity to give back to the community, and they will always be appreciated due to the fact that needy and homeless individuals will exist endlessly in the world.
• Understanding the Causes of Homelessness Poverty, in this case, was defined as the inability of a person to afford essential commodities such as food, shelter, and clothing. In this case, although alcoholism and drug use contributed to homelessness, the precedent […]
• Homeless People and Their Key Challenges Therefore, I continue to view homeless people as those deserving of equal compassion and sympathy as those having a home. Since I view homeless people as fellow human beings first, I continue to promote the […]
• Homeless as At-Risk Population Based on the statistics from the National Alliance to End Homelessness, about 580466 people were “experiencing homelessness on our streets and in shelters in America” as of 2020.
• Poverty and Homelessness as a Global Social Problem What makes the task of defining poverty particularly difficult is the discrepancy in the distribution of social capital and, therefore, the resulting differences in the understanding of what constitutes poverty, particularly, where the line should […]
• Organization’s Mission to End Homelessness The rate of homelessness has been steadily increasing over the last decade in the U.S.due to foreclosures and unprecedented recessionary cycles.
• Poverty and Homelessness in American Society It is connected with social segregation, stigmatization, and the inability of the person to improve their conditions of life. The problem of affordable housing and poverty among older adults is another problem that leads to […]
• Homeless Populations in the United States For example, power is the ability to affect and manage external resources related to human behaviors and decisions that contribute to social movements and community change.
• Providing Medical Care to Homeless People During the COVID-19 Pandemic The first barrier affecting the provision of medical care to the homeless is social. The first possible socio-economic support for changes may be the opening of a department in each hospital to work with the […]
• The Homelessness Issue in Canada The amount of Canadians who are homeless on any nightly basis in Canada is believed to be at least 35,000 people.even though the average duration of stay in emergency housing is about 50 days, more […]
• Drug Abuse Among Homeless Young Adults in New Jersey The reason why young adults in New Jersey get involved in drugs and alcohol after becoming homeless is to manage their situations in an attempt to attain the tentative pleasure of life despite their problems. […]
• Promoting Wellbeing in Homeless People: Group Fitness Intervention The authors of this article conducted the study to give insight into the importance of considering homeless people in the society they belong. The importance of the study was to encourage people to have inclusivity […]
• Homelessness in the US: Effectiveness of Intervention The issue of properly maintaining a home was addressed as the client learned how to adapt to a home by himself.
• Issue of Youth Homelessness in Canada The third and fourth factors, the lack of education and unemployment, are interconnected, resulting in inconsistent and low income and the inability to afford proper housing.
• Homeless People and COVID-19: Maricopa Country Moved Homeless People In other words, it is necessary to increase the level of social assistance to the homeless, increasing the availability of housing and social benefits.
• The Health Care Delivery System for Homeless States are currently working to enhance the delivery of health services to the homeless via different shelters, abandon buildings, programs, and so on.
• Homelessness: Its Causes, Effects, and Prevention In this article, the professors collaborate in addressing the issue of homelessness and its impact on public health. In this article, the authors focus on the effects of homelessness on economies and public health.
• Vancouver Homeless Problem and Solutions It does not address the main source of the problem the financial struggles of homeless people and their inability to pay the rent.
• The National Intensive Case Management Program for Homeless Veterans: Critique The program is assessed using the four principles of community psychology, which include problems addressed, values reflected in the program approach and methods, conceptual foundation of the program, and action and research tools.
• Individual-Level Predictors for Becoming Homeless and Exiting Homelessness The research will enhance my skills into pertinence in analysis surrounding the identification of homelessness. Ways and methods that enable the analysis of a population cohort with defined characteristics to the aspect issues that impact […]
• “Homelessness, Housing Insecurity and Social Exclusion” in Asian Regions The article Homelessness, housing insecurity and social exclusion in China, Hong Kong, and Japan, written by Kennett and Mizuuchi, examines the issue of homelessness in Asian regions, emphasizing housing insecurity in Hong Kong.
• Homelessness in Canada: Reflective Analysis This analysis is intended to be an academic reflection and to cover issues related to the clarification of the topic, personal experiences, and the connection of the problem to global citizenship.
• “Homelessness Monologue”: A Fictional Story He is also white, and his appearance is disheveled: the face appears dirty and tired and has bruises; the clothes are torn, and the shoes can barely protect the feet. The partition in the middle […]
• Homelessness in Los Angeles County, California Hence, the purpose of this research is to explore the background of the homelessness issue in Los Angeles County, California, and provide a specific health education program for the identified vulnerable population.
• Poverty and Homelessness as Social Problem The qualifications will include a recommendation from the community to ensure that the person is open to help and willing to be involved in the neighborhood of Non-Return.
• Single, Low-Income, or Homeless Mothers’ Health and Parenting Problems To promote their wellbeing, health professionals may support homeless mothers in practices such as the use of strengths-anchored nursing, supporting ideas of good parenting, overcoming stigma, and discovering and eliminating the unsurmountable hindrances encountered within […]
• Community Meeting on Homelessness in the US The purpose of the public deliberations was to help the City Council make more informed decisions about how homeless encampments should be serviced and managed in the future. Power and influence are some of the […]
• The Issue of Homeless Veterans I learned a lot in the framework of the issue of homeless veterans. Among the primary problems, there is the absence of programs for the rapid adaptation of servicemen to a peaceful life.
• Navigating the System For Families Experiencing Homelessness As a social phenomenon, it is caused by a complex of social, economic, civil, and cultural conflicts, as a result of which a part of the population is deprived of living conditions, which are recognized […]
• The Problem of Homelessness in Society Societies begin to realize that the growth of homelessness is partly their fault, and it is also their responsibility not to let this issue get worse.
• Cultural Immersion Project for Homeless Group My practice was relatively positive and in line with the expectations and previously received information about the cultural group, as clients voluntarily underwent training and sought to reduce the level of aggression.
• Health Care for the Homeless According to Gent, people tend to dehumanize the people they see on the streets and respond to them as they would to objects, attempting to view them neutrally and seeing their need for help as […]
• The Problem of Homeless Youths With HIV-AIDS Studies carried out in the city of New York in 2008 showed that 21 percent of homeless youth males and 24 percent of homeless female youths had “more than 100 lifetime partners”. 5 percent of […]
• The Problem of Homeless People in St. Petersburg The problem under consideration concerns the number of homeless people living on the streets of the second-largest city in Russia. The intended results of the project’s activities are to increase the awareness of the residents […]
• Regulating Society: Criminalising Homelessness Intolerance of homelessness and homeless people by cities, law enforcement agencies, and the public accounts for such violent crimes against homeless people.
• Vulnerable Population: Homelessness In such a way, they will be more prepared to come up with quality personalized approaches to health care for this vulnerable population’s representatives.
• Drug Addiction Problem Among Homeless People There is a need to fill the data gap regarding the issues of magnitude, location, period, severity, and changeability of the SUD in the Skid Row community.
• Shelter and Public Welfare Resources for the Homeless One of the issues the campaign is currently facing is the lack of information about the problem, the current government programs, their strengths and weaknesses, and the input that general citizens can make for the […]
• Chronic Homelessness: Definition and Addressing the Issue The problem was first reported in the 1850s though it became a national problem in the 1870s shortly after the Civil War.
• Responding to Natural Disasters Considering Homeless Individuals In particular, I would ask them to pay attention to how culturally appropriate it is to put homeless people of different genders together to be compliant with Standard 11, which requires service providers to be […]
• Housing Interventions for Homelessness The interventions studied were TH and RRH with ES serving as a reference point or control, and the time length is manifested in the analysis, which assesses the general likelihood of a household returning to […]
• Homelessness: Social and Economic Problems It is these and other factors that contribute to homelessness, a condition that is seldom a choice for people who must live outside the comfort and security of a home environment.
• Homeless Shelter Health Care Services The search for articles was based primarily on the issues they addressed: they all concern the issue of health care for homeless people and try to single out the most optimal models of it.
• About the California Homeless The population of concerns is homeless youth under age 18 who seek shelter in the community of San Diego, California.
• Homelessness and Education in the USA Every child, homeless or not, has the right to a public school education that is equal to the standards of achievement that are available for all youths and children.
• Community Service Experience: Homeless Shelter The shelter also organizes outreach and humanitarian work during the day to ensure that homeless people in the community know about the shelter and the services it provides.
• Understanding of the Homeless Population The state of focus is Georgia and the County of Fulton. 2 percent of homeless individuals had severe cases of mental illnesses Nearly 34.
• Decision-Making in Business: Help Our Homeless Offspring The decision remains with the financial controller of the donor-corporation who is tasked with advising its organisation on whether to grant the funding.
• Homeless Persons as Vulnerable Population in the US The nature of homelessness and its link to the resources available, the status of health and related risks can be of great significant to nurses.
• Aggregate Homeless in Fulton County, Georgia The individuals who are homeless constituted 52% of the total homeless people in Fulton. The decrease in the numbers of the homeless was by 21 people.
• Mental Health & Incidences of Homelessness in Australia In Australia, as is the case in other countries across the world, it is generally assumed that most homeless individuals are faced with mental health challenges and that mental illness is a principal cause of […]
• Homeless Women and Healthcare: Access to Health Care, Medication, and Health Facilities Farmer suggested that the utter disregard to the plight of the marginalized who are most vulnerable in all aspects of social benefits is the “pathologies of power” that are symptoms and signs of structural inequality.
• Homeless Families Analysis One of the highlights of the existing studies is the idea of a “hunger-obesity paradox” determined by the body mass indicator of homeless adults and the rest of the people.
• A Need for an Effective Homelessness Policy in Florida 3 million disparity in the number of units available for rent and the number of households exacerbated the problem of homelessness in the country.
• The Problem of Homelessness in Australia: Social, Political, and Political Dynamics The involvement and collaboration of all key partners and stakeholders will make it possible for the country to overcome this problem.
• Self-Efficacy and Smoking Urges in Homeless Individuals Pinsker et al.point out that the levels of self-efficacy and the severity of smoking urges change significantly during the smoking cessation treatment.
• Political Issue of Homelessness: Finding Solutions Despite the undoubted successes of the Trump administration in the economic sphere – it appeared possible to significantly reduce unemployment and overcome the mortgage crisis – the number of homeless people is constantly growing.
• The Issue of Homeless People in Los Angeles A reliable organization that provides statistics on the problem and aims to overcome it is the Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority, or LAHSA. The latter makes it difficult to find a well-paid job and get […]
• Christian Ethics: Homelessness in Atlanta According to it, it is a norm for all people to have an appropriate home where they can be safe. There is no legislation that can make others provide a vulnerable population with home, but […]
• Urban Planning Optimization and Homelessness Therefore, the urban planning should be revised regarding those private providers’ interests: the risk of failure for future city development would strongly increase in the areas of possible economic concern.
• Optimizing Urban Planning to Address Homelessness Researchers use sensitivity analysis to assess the contribution of single preference parameters to the uncertainty of the ranking of alternatives. In the same manner, authorities can create a database consisting of all the shelters for […]
• Homelessness in the Context of Middle-Range Theories The purpose of this paper is to discuss the selected vulnerable group and its current health and social issues and then to analyze the application of several middle-range theories to the mentioned issues.
• The York Region Alliance to End Homelessness The following are the objectives of the organization; To ensure that there is safe storage of furniture and other properties that belong to persons living in temporary shelters and those properties that have been donated […]
• Media’s Role in Framing Homelessness Apart from this whatever the weakness or merits of the commission’s plan are, there also exists a great and a huge gap between the policy’s level and the ways for an ordinary citizens in order […]
• The Hidden Homelessness in the City of Los Angeles Private organizations as well as volunteer groups have come to the rescue of homeless Skid Row’s residents, offering them shelter and other necessities.
• The Problem of Homeless People Is a Social The subject of homelessness allows me to understand that stable employment and control of financial accounts are the main things in the life of every person.
• Health Implications of Homelessness: Experiences and Emotional Feelings This study considers the aspect of health implications in homelessness through the essay written by a noted writer, Lars Eighner, through his various essay, significant among them being called ‘On dumpster diving.’ In this article […]
• The Homelessness Problem in the US: Issue Review A report dubbed “The changing character of homelessness in the United States” identifies a new breed of homeless in the US. According to them this was a contributing factor to the rising level of the […]
• The Problem of Homelessness in Metropolitan Areas In this sense, the authors identify four types of causes, which might appear one after another in a cycle: the underlying causes; the direct causes or catalysts which result in the loss of a home […]
• Homeless Students Problem in USA This essay discusses the causes and consequences of homelessness in the nation and a solution to decrease the problems faced by the homeless youngsters.
• The Problem of Homelessness: Media View It understands the role of the media in problem construction and the definition of the weight the matter carries to the public.
• Homelessness as a Cause of Concern Around the World Shortage and high cost of housing and the increasing cost of health care are becoming the main reasons for homelessness amongst people in most parts of the developed world. In the absence of houses to […]
• Volunteer Group Event for Homeless Children Such children will be the pillars of the future generation and hence it becomes a duty for each of us to contribute in making the lives of deprived children better.
• The Problem of Homelessness It should be pointed out that status of homeless people in the society varies from one country to another: in the United States, Western Europe or Australia, they have better opportunities of deriving support of […]
• Homeless Youths and Health Care Needs From such a perspective therefore, it is the intention of this research study to explore the issue of the challenges that are faced by the homeless youths in Cardiff, in the United Kingdom, as regards […]
• The Problem of Homelessness in the US That is why every government tries to provide the strategies for homelessness to help people to deal with the problem, but not all of them are successful.
• Problem of Homeless People in New York New York City, the city that never sleeps, and one of the most populous places on the earth, has been facing the huge task of providing homes to its citizens.
• The Homeless in Our Community The estimated half a million children that, at any one time, is homeless in America and their mothers represent the “fastest growing segment of the homeless population”.
• New York’s Homeless Children and Foster Care System Foster homes have to also face the challenge of developing the mentalities of the children are their clients, and care should be provided on that basis.
• Amicus Curiae: Defending the Rights of the Homeless Laws by the government that the poor should not be homeless and that those who are homeless should not be permitted to sit or roam around the sidewalks of the US cities are not fair.
• Evaluating the Self-Esteem of the Homeless The mission statement of the program indicates the central role played by the agency to the welfare of the society.”The Doe Fund’s mission is to develop and implement cost-effective, holistic programs that meet the needs […]
• Homelessness: A Huge Social Problem in Canada Lastly, homelessness was chosen as a topic of research because there is very little information about the issue especially in relation to health.
• Homeless Problem in the US In contrast to independent media, the task of mainstream media is to impress the audience and impress them by ‘current news’ and reports.
• Mental Healthcare Quality and Homelessness Levels According to the World Health Organization, “Health is a state of complete mental, physical and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”.
• Medical Care for Homeless Drug Users Homeless injection-drug abusers are a medically vulnerable group predisposed to high morbidity and limited access to high-quality care compared to non-drug users.
• Transitional Living Program Design for Homeless Adolescents The Homeless Trust organizes and directs the Miami-Dade County Homeless Plan, which is a central document of the county that regulates the government policy that addresses the issues of the homeless.
• The Issue of Homelessness in Modern World The problem is viewed from various perspectives by different authors, and many conclusions are valuable in terms of drawing attention to the issue.
• Homeless Population’s Needs and Human Services In short, the needs of homeless people are diverse and complex. In other words, rather than providing people with their everyday needs, the programs should aim at teaching the homeless about ways to overcome their […]
• Human Services: Transition for Homeless Adolescents The purpose of the program evaluation was to determine the effectiveness of the provided services and identify the barriers to the successful implementation of the program.
• Housing Families Inc. Addressing Homelessness The organization’s mission is to eliminate family homelessness with the help of providing a safe shelter and high-quality services for homeless families in need in Massachusetts.
• The US Government and Homes for Homeless People The situation with homeless people differs from one state to another, but common features of the issue and the ways the local authorities choose to deal with homelessness are similar.
• Social Work in the Military With Homeless Veterans The purpose of this statement is to immediately provide the patient with emotional support and encouragement while establishing initial rapport at the same time.
• “Death of a Homeless Man” by Scott Russell Sanders The author stresses that the aim of the story is not simply to inform about the fact or some statistics concerning poverty or alcoholism in the USA.
• Violating Norms: A Day in the Life of a Homeless Person He said it in a concerned manner that when my friend told him what I was up to, he laughed at the humor of it.
• Social Work and Homelessness in the United States The new study will analyze how different programs such as the Housing First have managed to minimize the impacts of homelessness.
• Affordable Housing Policy for American Homeless I have recently heard a politician saying that the government should offer more affordable housing to low-income housing. You may be right to some degree, but the task of government is to help those citizens […]
• The Real Needs of Homeless Youth in the United States Another threat for the homeless youth is sex trafficking the occurrence of which was documented in all the states of the USA.
• Anti-Homelessness Program’s Cost Benefit Analysis For the first program, the major benefit is the reduction of homelessness among adolescents and young adults as one of the most serious current social problems.
• Social Justice Group Work for Homeless Young Mothers The group discussed in the article was started for the purpose of assisting residents address the problem of homelessness especially in aspects of parenting and during pregnancy periods.
• Mental Illness and Homelessness in the United States Hence, there is a need to establish elaborate policies for addressing the problem of mental illness among homeless people in all regions in the US.
• The Needs of Students Experiencing Homelessness Thus, counselors will have a possibility to identify common patterns in the target learners’ behaviors and design the interventions that will help manage the emotional and psychological concerns of homeless students. It is crucial that […]
• A Look at Homelessness in Chicago When speaking about this problem in the context of the American city of Chicago, Illinois, it is worth noting that here, the level of homelessness is quite high.
• Crowdfunding Project to Help Homeless People To assess the marketability of the proposed project, it is important to answer the question, “Why is the project important?” Providing free haircuts and showers to homeless people proved to be a beneficial activity.
• Homelessness Among Students in the United States The number of homeless students is increasing due to rising costs of living and the lack of programs aimed at assisting this vulnerable population.
• Aboriginal Homelessness in Vancouver One of the examples of institutionalized discrimination is the existence of the Indian Act, first established to define the “Indian Status” and control the identity of Indigenous people.
• Homelessness in the US as a Solvable Problem The problem is believed to be caused by a wide range of social issues that have affected the country for the past centuries.
• American Homelessness, Its Causes and Solutions The United States of America has a fair share of the homeless. In the absence of poverty, the population would afford decent housing and avoid residing on the streets.
• Los Angeles: Housing, Homelessness, Drugs, Crimes For example, it is evident that Los Angeles has a number of gangs and groups living in the neighborhood. In this regard, agents recorded a significant decrease in the sale of houses in Los Angeles.
• Homelessness in “Light in August” and “Wise Blood” The concept of home is commonly regarded in relation to the process of formation of individual identity, and, in almost every culture, the definition of a home serves as an indicator of a person’s wholeness […]
• The Self-Care Habits and Patterns in Homeless Individuals This paper focuses on the collection and analysis of data in the study by Rew that targeted the self-care behaviors of homeless youth.
• Mentally Ill Homeless People: Stereotypes Therefore, it is interesting from the research point of view to analyze the stereotypes about the homeless with chronic mental conditions.
• Homelessness and School Readiness Evaluation Rog expected to define and underline the necessities of homeless families and their mechanisms of coping with the situation, review the correlation between homelessness in families, child and domestic abuse, and incidents of rape, and […]
• Mayor Schell’s Homeless Policy Reengineering The paper will also highlight the steps taken by Mayor Schell to redesign the program in order to fit the fresh goals.
• Issue of Homelessness in America Currently the numbers of homeless families have significantly increased compared with the number in 1980s and earlier. However, the numbers of homeless individuals and families have considerably augmented by over thirty percent in the last […]
• The Homeless Population Reducing The number of homeless Americans is increasing and these people, in the vast majority of cases, are also suffering from numerous diseases including HIV/AIDS, drug and alcohol abuse, various mental disorders and so on.
• Homeless Veterans Causes and Effects The inability of the Department of Veterans Affairs to fast track compensation and funding for disabled veterans is linked to homelessness among many veterans.
• Christian Duty to Care for Homeless People While Catholic Social Teachings call for the people in the society to promote equality, the poor people in the society are seen as a nuisance to the financially liberated members of the society.
• Catholic Dealing With Poverty and Homelessness The idea of “common good” will support many people in the world. The practice will support many people in the world.
• Homelessness in Phoenix Arizona State People have different views regarding the help rendered to the homeless people, and indeed, there are those who feel that Arizona State should pay no attention to the homeless people.
• Public Administration: Homeless in Phoenix Various models have been adopted to eradicate the problem, but the general formula to control the issue has been through the exclusion of the homeless from the main city as lepers into the territorial confinement […]
• Minority Population at Risk: Homelessness For example, in improving the conditions of the homeless, employers should review the employment requirements and level of competencies in order to absorb the unemployed homeless.
• Homelessness in Canadian Society As a result, the demand for housing has surpassed the supply because of changes in government policies and efforts to address the issue of homelessness.
• Counting Homeless People in Seattle This research paper explores the possibilities of solving the problem of homeless and street families through counting them and presenting the best alternatives and suggestions on how this exercise should be done.
• Cultural Immersion of Homeless Veterans Veterans value their country and therefore the Department of Veterans Affairs should make an effort to ensure that the lives of all veterans are improved.
• Policy Analysis: Homelessness This paper identifies some of the solutions to the problem and analyzes the viability of each solution. It is only through evaluation that policy makers can account for each cent spent in the project.
• An Action Plan for Settling Homeless People in Seattle The problem of homelessness in Seattle is worsened by the lack of affordable housing units for the poor citizens in the city.
• Homelessness Problem in the Kenora District With regard to the focus group, it is necessary to highlight the reasons for the increased number of homeless individuals, analyze the consequences of the problem for social welfare of the town, and provide new […]
• Crimes, Homelessness, Mental Disorders
• Approaching Homelessness in America
• Disparities in health outcomes in homeless people
• Public Policy: Homelessness
• Ending Chronic Homelessness in the United Kingdom
• Herts Young Homeless Group Marketing Strategy
• Poverty, Homelessness and Discrimination in Australia: The Case of the Aboriginal
• More Homeless than Athletes in 2010 by Paulsen
• The Canadian Government should Offer Additional Support for Homeless People
• Public Administration in America: Grants to Help Homeless
• The Concept of Community Development to the Homeless Youths in Australia
• Homelessness as the Social Phenomenon
• Volunteering for Horizon House: Homeless Neighbours’ Motivation to Find Jobs
• Homelessness and Schizophrenia
• The Effects of Homelessness in Ohio
• The Problem of Homeless Veterans in US
• Homeless Veterans in the United States
• Homeless Rights in US
• Climate Shift Could Leave Some Marine Species Homeless
• Homelessness in Vancouver, Canada: Discussing its Causes & Effects
• Homelessness as the Scourge of the Modern Society: The Causes, the Outcomes and the Means to Eliminate It
• Combating Homelessness With Affordable Housing
• Culture and Individual Development of Homelessness
• The Impact of the American Economic System on Homelessness
• Homelessness, Mental Illness, and Social Intervention
• The Federal Strategic Plan For Prevent and End Homelessness
• Homelessness and Other Issues Caused by the Mergers and Advancement of Companies in the United States
• Overview Homelessness and the Lawson Panhandling in America
• Family Homelessness and Its Effects on Children
• The Link Between Mental Illness and Homelessness
• Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Lifetime Prevalence of Homelessness in the United States
• Analysis Homelessness Postmodernist and Feminist Perspective
• Homelessness and Substance Abuse
• Analysis Homelessness and the Effect It Has on Social Health
• Homelessness and Domestic Violence Awareness
• Child Abuse and Neglect, Homelessness, and Marital Problems
• Homelessness Among Formerly Incarcerated African American Men: Contributors and Consequences
• Overview City Life, Homelessness, Race, and Sociology
• Homelessness: Rates, Causes, Conflicts and Solutions
• General Information Abouthomelessness Among Those With Mental Illness
• Dealing With the Problem of Homelessness in the United States
• Features the Homelessness Among Youth in Canada
• Helping People With a Chronic Homelessness Problem
• Analysis Homelessness Amongst Marginalized LGBTQ Youth
• Homelessness, Property Rights and Institutional Logics
• Domestic Violence and Homelessness Among Women
• Why Has Homelessness Gained Worldwide Attention?
• Homelessness Is an Epidemic That Affects Everyone?
• What Are the Ways To Prevent Youth Homelessness?
• How Is Homelessness in Connecticut Fought With Supportive Housing?
• What Are the Consequences of Homelessness for Women?
• How Does Social Inequality Contribute to Homelessness in the United States?
• Can Symbolic Interactionism Help With Homelessness?
• How Aware of Homelessness and Domestic Violence in European Countries?
• What Are the Main Causes and Consequences of Homelessness?
• How Can People Help Solve the Problem of Homelessness?
• What Are the Social Justice Challenges for the Homeless?
• How Does New York Fight Homelessness?
• What Are the Problems and Consequences of Homelessness in New York?
• How Does Homelessness Affect Society?
• What Causes Homelessness Across America?
• How Can You Avoid Homelessness Using Rent Control?
• Why Is Domestic Violence Seen as a Cause of Homelessness Among Women?
• Does Public Housing Reduce Homelessness?
• What Are the Social Issues of the Size of Homelessness in Savannah, Georgia?
• How Does Homelessness Affect Children?
• What Are the Problems of Homelessness in America and Their Future Solutions?
• Homelessness and Why You Should Think Twice Before Aiding the Homeless?
• Why Are There So Many Homeless American Veterans?
• What Is Canada’s Homelessness Policy?
• How Do Denver Area Fight Homelessness?
• What Is the Relationship of Homelessness, Mental Health, and Substance Abuse?
• What Are the Reasons for Youth Homelessness?
• How Do You Fight Homelessness With Shelters?
• What Are the Problems and Consequences of Homelessness?
• How To Help Homelessness With Permanent Assisted Housing?
• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2024, February 29). 236 Brilliant Homelessness Essay Topics & Free Paper Examples. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/homelessness-essay-examples/

"236 Brilliant Homelessness Essay Topics & Free Paper Examples." IvyPanda , 29 Feb. 2024, ivypanda.com/essays/topic/homelessness-essay-examples/.

IvyPanda . (2024) '236 Brilliant Homelessness Essay Topics & Free Paper Examples'. 29 February.

IvyPanda . 2024. "236 Brilliant Homelessness Essay Topics & Free Paper Examples." February 29, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/homelessness-essay-examples/.

1. IvyPanda . "236 Brilliant Homelessness Essay Topics & Free Paper Examples." February 29, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/homelessness-essay-examples/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "236 Brilliant Homelessness Essay Topics & Free Paper Examples." February 29, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/homelessness-essay-examples/.

• Social Development Essay Topics
• Social Justice Essay Ideas
• Social Responsibility Topics
• Social Work Essay Titles
• Macroeconomics Topics
• Segregation Research Topics
• Urbanization Ideas
• Illegal Immigration Topics

• Bibliography
• More Referencing guides Blog Automated transliteration Relevant bibliographies by topics
• Automated transliteration
• Relevant bibliographies by topics
• Referencing guides

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'People in homelessness'

Create a spot-on reference in apa, mla, chicago, harvard, and other styles.

Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'People in homelessness.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

Hewitt, Jennifer. "Young people, home and homelessness : a narrative exploration." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2014. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/71338/.

Akilu, Fatima. "A multimethod investigation into the experience of single homelessness." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307003.

Ehmling, Amelia E. "PEOPLE EXPERIENCING HOMELESSNESS WITHIN MUSIC THERAPY SETTINGS: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/music_etds/106.

Hodgson, Kate. "The mental health of young people with experiences of homelessness." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/59590/.

Myers, Paul Michael. "Hepatitis C testing among young people who experience homelessness in Melbourne /." Connect to thesis, 2007. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00003848.

Keenan, Lynn D. "Identifying risk factors for homelessness among people living with HIV disease /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11169.

Cuncev, Alexandra. "Narratives of 'single homeless people' : reformulating and reinterpreting the homelessness experience." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2015. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/809489/.

Rosebert, Che-Louise. "The role of clinical psychology for homeless people." Thesis, Open University, 2000. http://oro.open.ac.uk/58078/.

Harding, Jamie. "Success and failure in independent living among 16-17 year olds." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366535.

Coward, Sarah. "Home life : the meaning of home for people who have experienced homelessness." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21626/.

Clutton, Samantha. "Young people : from homelessness to citizenship? : an evaluation of the Foyer approach." Thesis, Swansea University, 2001. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42802.

Lenhard, Johannes Felix. "Making better lives : home making among homeless people in Paris." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/274609.

Donley, Amy Melissa. "The perception of homeless people important factors in determining perceptions of the homeless as dangerous /." Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002261.

Phillips, Joshua Daniel. "From Losing Everything to Finding Community: How Homeless People Narrate their Lived Experiences." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/965.

Luscombe, Claire. "Mental health and social exclusion in people experiencing homelessness : the case for improved assessment." Thesis, University of Kent, 2015. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/47950/.

Donley, Amy. "THE PERCEPTION OF HOMELESS PEOPLE: IMPORTANT FACTORS IN DETERMINING PERCEPTIONS OF THE HOMELESS AS DANGEROUS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3813.

Czechowski, Konrad. "“What the Fuck is the Point of Unpacking?”: Perceptions of Residential Transitions Among People with Histories of Residential Instability." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38086.

Marsh, Kate. "People Out of Place: Representations and Experiences Of Female Homelessness In Christchurch, New Zealand (Aotearoa)." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Sociology and Anthropology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/965.

Kissoon, Priya N. "Pathways to homelessness a case study of the housing careers of the homeless people in Toronto /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ56185.pdf.

Kemp, McKinsey. "Social Work Services: How can Social Workers Improve the Healthcare Experience for People who are Homeless?" CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/639.

Coles, Emma. "A qualitative exploration of the public and private faces of homelessness : engaging homeless people with health promotion." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2013. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/3837305d-7c34-412c-b535-32f8b3482a85.

Robinson, Catherine Social Policy Research Centre Faculty of Arts &amp Social Sciences UNSW. "Being somewhere: young homeless people in inner-city Sydney." Awarded by:University of New South Wales, 2002. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/36679.

Embleton, Lonnie, Hana Lee, Jayleen Gunn, David Ayuku, and Paula Braitstein. "Causes of Child and Youth Homelessness in Developed and Developing Countries." AMER MEDICAL ASSOC, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614740.

Westaway, Coral. "The experiences of men who have had multiple moves within projects for people who are homeless." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/21097.

Silva, George Randell. "Powerlessness and Service Utilization by People without Homes by Chronic Homelessness, Age, Gender, Mental Health, and Substance Use." Thesis, Alliant International University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3620289.

This dissertation examined correlates of powerlessness, chronic homelessness (more than one-year homelessness), age, and gender, by analysis of the mental health (MH) and substance use (SU) service requests made by 699 people who attended a San Francisco, California homeless outreach event in May of 2005. People without homes (PWH) suffer MH and SU issues at a much higher rate than housed people, yet PWH who acknowledged they experienced MH and SU issues were least likely to request MH and SU services. PWH may have experienced chronic feelings of powerlessness, which resulted from marginalization. These chronic feelings of powerlessness contributed to a person's belief that his or her actions would produce no positive results. The concept of powerlessness may help explain PWH's reluctance to request MH and SU services. The author explored the relationship between chronicity of homelessness and requests for MH and SU services. Analyses showed that non-chronic PWH requested more MH services than those who were chronically homeless. However, this association was not seen when requests for SU services was examined. Additional analysis examining the relationship between service requests, age and gender did not result in significant findings. These findings provided support for the idea that powerlessness was an intrapersonal factor in PWH's choices to request or not request MH and SU services, based upon non-chronic homelessness and theoretically less exposure to powerlessness. These results assist in identifying intrapersonal factors influencing a person's experience in overcoming homelessness, providing an alternative to the current suggestion from the literature that services were unattractive to PWH.

Stewart, Alasdair B. R. "Managing a tenancy : young people's pathways into, and sustaining independent tenancies from, homelessness." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/20409.

Collins, Jennifer. "Characterising homeless people in Scotland : can oral health, health and psycho-social wellbeing enhance the ETHOS typology of homelessness?" Thesis, University of Dundee, 2012. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/ab21eefa-2aab-4937-92e8-aa7ac4470d87.

Talley, Jennifer. "A Comparison of Coping Strategies Among Homeless Women with Children and Homeless Women without Children." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2018. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/cauetds/129.

Spieth, Russell E. "An Exploration of Behavioral Health Workers’ Attitudes Toward Treating People Without Homes." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1402155134.

Alden, Sarah L. "'At the coalface' : the role of the street level bureaucrat in provision of statutory services to older people affected by homelessness." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8378/.

Irving-Clarke, Yoric. "'Supporting People' : how did we get here and what does it mean for the future?" Thesis, De Montfort University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/13055.

Gazy, Michael G. "What is a City but the People?: An Evaluative Study of the Development and Implementation of a 10-Year Plan to End Chronic Homelessness in Macon, Georgia." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/174.

Kerman, Nicholas. "The Role of Services for Homeless and Housed People with Mental Illness: The Relationship Between Service Use and Housing Stability, Recovery, and Capabilities." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39596.

Roebuck, Benjamin S. "Exclusion and Resilience: Exploring the Decision-Making Processes of Young People Who Are Homeless." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30710.

Battams, Samantha Jane, and sam battams@flinders edu au. "Housing for people with a psychiatric disability; community empowerment, partnerships and politics." Flinders University. Public Health, 2008. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20080926.215213.

Edgar, Gemma Tamsin Social Sciences &amp International Studies Faculty of Arts &amp Social Sciences UNSW. "What does it mean to engage with the state? a comparative case study of two non-government organisations working with marginalised young people." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Social Sciences & International Studies, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44569.

Hedlund, Camilla, and Camilla Jeppsson. "Att få bo och komma till ro : Om arbetet på Gamlebo ett äldreboende för personer som varit hemlösa." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete - Socialhögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-89373.

Allgire, David James. "Evaluation of field based ministry project 11 week class designed to facilitate recovery for people experiencing homelessness resulting in part from struggles with drug addiction and/or alcoholism /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2006. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p062-0292.

Johansson, Markus, Mats Jakobsson, and Jane Kotz. "Titel: ”Det ska inte vara något jävla fyllställe där man släpar hem folk och grejer” : En studie om hemlösa missbrukares syn på socialtjänstens gruppboenden i Gotlands kommun." Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-363.

Studiens syfte har varit att få kunskap om hemlösa klienters syn på sin boendesituation. Samt att få fördjupad kunskap om klienternas upplevelse av möjlighet till förändring och hur de beskriver att de bemöts och behandlas på Beroendeverksamhetens gruppboenden. En kvalitativ metod har använts för att besvara syftet. Det empiriska materialet består av intervjuer med sju personer som för närvarande bor på ett kommunalt gruppboende. Tolkningsramen har utgjorts av teorier och forskning kring förändringsprocesser och strategier för att motverka hemlöshet. Rollteori har också använts för att ge en djupare förståelse för interaktionen mellan individer och mellan individ och organisation.

Resultaten visar att det är svårt att trivas på en institution. Det har mycket att göra med den maktstruktur som präglar en sådan inrättning. I studien framkom att det skapas motståndsstrategier för att värja sig i en sådan situation. Resultatet visar också att motstånd skapas när man inte känner sig delaktig i sin egen förändringsprocess. Det är viktigt för de boende att kunna påverka sin boendesituation. Boende som tycker de får hjälp på boendet anser att de kan använda vistelsen till något positivt.

Personalens roll inskränker sig för de boendes del till att vara behjälpliga med praktiska saker, ett slags yttre förändring. Någon tycker att personalen även kan vara ett socialt stöd i en inre mening, att hjälpa de boende med strategier som gör att de kan fortsätta att leva ett drogfritt liv. Studien visar vidare att man både önskar mer av socialt stöd samtidigt som några upplever att man själv är det bästa verktyget i en förändringsprocess. Resultatet visar slutligen att institutionens strikta regler blir en viktig förändringsfaktor i klienternas liv. Kravet på drogfrihet gör att de boende får upp ögonen på ett alternativt sätt att leva. Slutsatsen är att institutionen bidrar till att förmedla känslan av att en förändring är möjlig.

Title: ”It’s not supposed to be a bloody hangout where you bring people and stuff” A study on how homeless clients feels about living in communal group homes provided to them by the social services.

The purpose of this paper has been to gain knowledge about homeless clients view on their housing situation. And also to learn more about how clients perceive the possibility to change and how they feel they are being treated at the social services collective housing facilities. A qualitative approach has been used in order to answer these questions. The empirical material consists of seven interviews with people currently staying at the communal homes mentioned above. The study’s frame of interpretation has consisted of theories and research about changing processes and strategies to counteract homelessness. Role theory has also been used in order to provide a deeper understanding of the interaction between individuals and between individual and organisation.

The results in general show that it is hard to feel at home in an institutional setting. This has mainly to do with the unequal power structure that exists in such places. The study shows that under such circumstances oppressed people develop resistance strategies in order to cope. Furthermore the results points to the fact that resistance is more likely to occur when you’re feeling that you have no influence on your own future life situation. It is vital for the residents’ well being to be able to have an active part in their living situation. Those who feel they get adequate help in the institution are most likely to see the stay as a positive experience.

The role of the staff is primarily limited to helping out with practical things. This can be seen as a way of helping the residents to adapt to society’s rules. Someone thinks that the staff also can function as a social support that helps them rethink their attitude towards their drug abuse. The results are somewhat ambiguous in that respect. The clients do want more of social support from the staff. At the same time they emphasises that the best agent in a successful changing process is the own self. The results finally show that the strict rules of the institution turn out to play an important role as a changing factor in the lives of the clients. The demand for total abstinence from drugs and alcohol helps in demonstrating for the clients an alternative way to live. The conclusion of this is that the institution contributes in conveying the message that change is in fact possible.

Westerdahl, Caroline, and Therese Jonsson. "Hemlöshet bland äldre : -Ett komplext fenomen." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för beteendevetenskap och socialt arbete, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-27720.

Velli, Linda Joan. "Young people's transition into and out of homelessness /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19972.pdf.

Williams, Julia. "Street homelessness : people's experiences of health and health care provision." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426214.

Borysow, Igor da Costa. "O Consultório na Rua e a atenção básica à população em situação de rua." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5137/tde-12062018-132859/.

Valado, Martha Trenna. "Factors Influencing Homeless People's Perception and Use of Urban Space." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195017.

Marcolino, Sheila Costa. "Saída das ruas ou reconstrução de vida: a trajetória de estudantes universitários ex-moradores de rua em São Paulo." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/17587.

HSIEH, HAN-HSIN, and 謝翰昕. "The Course of Exiting From and Returning Into Homelessness: A Pilot Study of The New Taipei City Homelessness People." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/exu6r9.

Rollinger, Laura. "Health, hygiene, and practical interventions, for people who are experiencing homelessness." Thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/41717.

Mahlangu, Timson. "The collaborative role of social workers and homeless people in addressing street homelessness." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27082.

Tenning, Jillian. "If suit people are going to listen. A strengths-based perspective on Indigenous homeless youth." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/13309.

""Man, I just need a job": Serving People Experiencing Homelessness in an Economic-Focused Society." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.14485.

• < Previous

Home > Salve's Dissertations and Theses > Pell Theses > 88

Pell Scholars and Senior Theses

Homelessness: Causes, Culture and Community Development as a Solution

Kaitlin Philipps , Salve Regina University Follow

Document Type

This thesis seeks to explain the reasons that homelessness occurs, and how it is currently being dealt with in public policy. Triggers and predictors of homelessness are explored and it is shown that triggers are almost always compounded, indicating a multitude of factors that lead to homelessness. The culture and community surrounding the homeless lifestyle is seen as playing a significant role in how the individual copes with their homelessness. The norms and values of their culture are investigated and its role in rehabilitation is explored. Current institutions for helping the homeless are analyzed for different success rates. Additionally, initiatives and solutions to homelessness from two Western countries, The United States and Denmark are compared for varying successes and failures. Based on the analyzed factors this thesis proposes what could be done to improve the situation of homeless individuals by shaping public policy. Specifically the benefits that community building programs of rehabilitation such as Assertive Community Treatment and Critical Time Intervention could offer if public policy was changed to increase their use are discussed. Specifically, Assertive Community Treatment and Critical Time Intervention are advocated for due to their ability to encourage community development in conjunction with its use of community creation as a tool in decreasing recidivism rates and creating long term solutions for homeless individuals and their reintegration into society.

Since October 04, 2012

Included in

Community-Based Research Commons , Community Health and Preventive Medicine Commons , Social Policy Commons , Social Welfare Commons , Social Work Commons

Rights Statement

In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted. URI: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/ This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s).

Advanced Search

• Notify me via email or RSS
• McKillop Library
• Collections
• Disciplines

Home | About | FAQ | My Account | Accessibility Statement

Privacy Copyright

• Browse by author
• Browse by year
• Departments
• History of Thought
• Advanced search

The thesis argues that homelessness is complex and synergical in nature. It discusses the life events and processes that often trigger, protect against and predict the likelihood of someone becoming homeless (and/or roofless). It argues, that people's routes into homelessness are complex, multiple and interlinked and are the result of biographical, structural and behavioural factors. This complexity increases with the age of the individual and the duration of their rooflessness. The thesis explores the homeless culture as a counter-culture created through people being pushed out of mainstream society. It argues, that what happened to people in the past, created the nature of the homeless culture. Furthermore it is argued that any serious attempt at resettling long-term rough sleepers needs to consider what it is that the homeless culture offers and whether or how this can be replicated within housed society. The thesis goes on to demonstrate that there are immense, complex, multi-dimensional difficulties to be faced by those exiting rooflessness. These difficulties arise from complex structural, behavioural and emotional factors that are inextricably entwined within people's lives and, at times, negate positive influences or exacerbate existing problems. It is argued that the current system inadvertently actively discourages and/or prevents people from leaving homelessness and fully re-integrating back into housed society. Radical changes are needed in the way we perceive and tackle rooflessness. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the types of policies and interventions that could prevent rooflessness from occurring or would actively promote meaningful reintegration back into housed society.

Actions (login required)

Downloads per month over past year

View more statistics

What can social workers do to help the growing number of people experiencing homelessness? The view from an urban hospital Emergency Department

Article sidebar.

Main Article Content

Homelessness is a growing problem nationwide. According to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the number of people experiencing homelessness rose 12% from 2022 to 2023 (HUD Exchange, 2024b). Low vacancy rates, increased rent costs, and income inequality all comprise difficult structural factors locking people out of the housing market. Those who most harshly bear the brunt of this crisis are people with social vulnerabilities. This paper analyzes the social problem of homelessness from the perspective of an urban hospital Emergency Department (ED), Yale New Haven Hospital (YNHH) in New Haven, Connecticut. Social workers in these settings have a dual role: working directly with individuals and families to connect them with available services and resources and advocating for structural interventions that can ultimately ease this problem. Social workers are also at the forefront of combating any stigma unhoused persons face by both approaching patients experiencing homelessness with dignity and respect while educating others that this problem is not one of the individual, but is rather a consequence of multiple other social problems we have collectively failed to address.

Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License .

150 Research Questions Homelessness Essay Topics & More

Welcome to our list of research questions about homelessness! On this page, you will find qualitative and quantitative homelessness essay topics, thesis ideas, and title options. Check them out below!

🔝 Top 7 Research Questions about Homelessness

🏆 best homelessness essay topics, 👍 good homelessness research topics & essay examples, 🎓 most interesting homelessness titles for research, 💡 simple homelessness essay ideas, ❓ homelessness research questions.

• Homelessness: Causes and Solutions
• The Problem of Homelessness: Sociological Perspectives
• Homelessness and Poverty in Developed and Developing Countries
• The Homelessness Issue in the World
• Arguments on Homelessness in California
• Homelessness in the New York City
• Homelessness Crisis in Canada
• The Problem of Homelessness in Canada Homelessness is a common societal issue in Canada and many other developing nations. Every year, about 235,000 people in Canada experience homelessness.
• Poverty and Homelessness in Jackson, Mississippi This paper will review the statistics and information about poverty and homelessness in Jackson, MS. The community of Black Americans is suffering from poverty and homelessness.
• Homelessness in California: Homelessness in California California should rethink some of its property rules, provide more money to affordable homes initiatives, and streamline the application form.
• Homelessness in Rochester, NY Analysis Homelessness is a prevalent issue in some areas in the United States, particularly in the state of New York. People lose their places of residence and are forced to live on the streets.
• Homelessness in Western Australia Homelessness is a concern that has received widespread attention in Australia’s social justice framework. It remains an important issue that needs to be addressed by authorities.
• Homelessness and Racial Disparities of African Americans African Americans possess the highest rate of homelessness and racial disparities in America, with the resultant causes and effects being the legacy of slavery and poverty.
• Policy Solutions to Address Homelessness in California There is a need for California to change some of the housing policies by simplifying the registration process and providing more resources for developing affordable housing programs.
• Vulnerabilities Associated With Homelessness The paper discusses the nature of vulnerabilities of the health of homeless people in the United States and its influence on society.
• Christopher Gardner’s Rise from Homelessness The essay demonstrates the rise of Gardner from homelessness to richness using various psychological theories.
• Solving Problems Caused by Homelessness The reasons causing homelessness vary a lot. They can be both of personal or global character from a home violence to a financial crisis.
• Poverty and Homelessness in Canada Poverty and homelessness figure prominently in government policies and the aims of many social service organizations even in a country like Canada.
• Homelessness and Depression Among Illiterate People There are various myths people have about homelessness and depression. For example, many people believe that only illiterate people can be homeless.
• Hunger and Homelessness Consequences on Development The article discusses the consequences of hunger and homelessness during the early developmental years on children’s growth and development.
• Homelessness Among College Students This paper explains why there is homelessness at a high rate, stating that fewer well-paying jobs for those without a college degree is one of the reasons.
• Homelessness in San Bernardino Homelessness is a crucial problem not only in San Bernardino but in the whole of Southern California and the situation is generally worsening.
• Discussion of Homelessness in Modern Society Martha Stone discusses homelessness the matter sharing information on the causes of it, consequences, and what society can do about it.
• Homelessness Due to Unemployment During COVID-19 This paper is a research on how unemployment resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic has left many homeless in the United States.
• Addressing Homelessness Issue: Current Policies This discussion identifies the latest policies intended to address the social issue of homeless Americans.
• Homelessness and Housing-Levels of Policy Impact on Services User The correlated causes of housing insecurity include discrimination, physical, financial, behavioral, and mental challenges, and the lack of appropriate and affordable housing.
• Homelessness Among Children in the United States Homelessness among children in the United States is a growing problem. Children are particularly vulnerable because many run away from their homes.
• Encampment Project: Homelessness Eradication Encampment projects are usually helpful for few people or families. Homelessness eradication is almost impossible without efforts to combat unemployment.
• The City of Atlanta, Georgia: Poverty and Homelessness This project goal is to address several issues in the community of the City of Atlanta. Georgia. The primary concern is the high rate of poverty and homelessness in the city.
• Poverty and Homelessness Among African Americans Even though the U.S. is wealthy and prosperous by global measures, poverty has persisted in the area, with Blacks accounting for a larger share.
• The Homelessness Problem in California Several causes can contribute to the high incidence of homelessness in California, including challenges in treating individuals with mental disorders and substance abuse.
• Addressing the Homelessness Crisis in California Homelessness and rising housing expenses are two of California’s most pressing issues. California has the nation’s second-highest homelessness rate.
• The Issue of Homelessness The paper states that homelessness is still an urgent issue nowadays, and many people still try to survive on the streets, and they often do not succeed.
• The Effects of Homelessness on Single-Parent Families in Black Community The paper states that single-parent families can be adversely impacted by homelessness, especially during the current COVID-19 pandemic.
• Homelessness in United States of America The increased rate of homelessness in the United States of America, particularly in parts of California, confirms to go up daily.
• Homelessness During COVID-19 in the US and Europe The paper reviews “Homelessness during COVID-19” by Rodriguez et al. and “Lifetime, 5-year and past-year prevalence of homelessness in Europe” by Taylor et al.
• Homelessness as a Social Issue in California The issue of homelessness has brought several issues in California, owing to the large population of financially unstable citizens.
• Reconsidering Housing Policies in California The problem of unaffordable housing in California is complex and needs to be addressed by various techniques with a primary focus on fighting inequality and discrimination.
• The Veteran Homelessness Issue Analysis While the official statistics on homeless veterans are relatively low, the statistics do not include veterans who experience financial struggles.
• Researching the Homelessness Issues This paper presents the annotated bibliography dedicated the poverty issues and understanding the homelessness.
• Administrative Policy on Homelessness The issue of homelessness needs to be addressed with the use of national and state policies. The current measures are composed of a combination of harmful and beneficial policies.
• Strategies for Ending Homelessness in America The problem of homeless people in America is extremely worrisome in the context of the social and psychological well-being of the people of the country.
• Analysis of Homelessness in California Homelessness in California is a leading social problem due to high housing prices and increasing psychological and medical issues.
• Treating Substance Use Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness in California Homelessness puts the youths in unstable housing situations and at a higher risk of substance use. Homelessness in California has been one of the top challenges.
• Mental Disorders and Homelessness About 15 percent of people with extreme mental illness were homeless over one year in California. Homelessness is familiar to persons with some mental disorders, like paranoia.
• Public Health and Health Policy: Newham’s Cases of Homelessness Newham’s cases of homelessness may be on the rise as the report indicated. The problem affects people of all ages in the borough who experience several and unique health problems.
• Socio-Economic Plan: Homelessness The purpose of the paper is to critically evaluate the changes in socioeconomic factors that affect the homeless and the influence of various stakeholders on the issue.
• The Problem of Homelessness in America This paper reviews existing literature on homelessness to shed more light on how it impacts the homeless in New York City.
• Homelessness in Imperial Valley The two practical solutions for homelessness in Imperial Valley include providing affordable housing and mobilizing community-based initiatives and programs.
• Homelessness Policy in California There are several cities in which the number of homeless people is so big that the situation with the growth of homelessness in them is called an epidemic.
• Alleviation of Homelessness in California This paper discusses five ways that could be used to alleviate homelessness in California. For every strategy, this paper offers an opposing view and why such views fall short.
• Homelessness in Los Angeles: Causes and Solutions In this paper, a crisis of homelessness in Los Angeles will be discussed with consideration of traditional, feminist, and Pragmatic concepts.
• Homelessness and Poor Health Relationship Homeless people can be described as that group of people who lack adequate, fixed, or regular night-time shelter. Homeless people include single men and women, young families.
• Homelessness and Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy In homeless populations, the application of traditional measures for enhancing adherence to antiretroviral therapy also proves to lead to less impressive results.
• Patients Experiencing Homelessness: Mental Health Issues It is acknowledged that the association between homelessness and mental health has been explored while this link is still under-researched when it comes to specific populations.
• Homelessness and Its Primary Reasons Every country in the world, no matter how abundant or easy to live in, will have some proportion of homeless people.
• Homelessness and Solutions in the United States In this paper, the researcher seeks to explain the cause of homelessness, its implications, and the effort that different stakeholders are taking to address the problem.
• Poverty and Homelessness: Dimensions and Constructions With the growth of the economy and the failure of employment, the number of people living in poverty and without shelter increases.
• Homelessness and Mass Incarceration Relationship Homelessness is an issue that affects not only those individuals who do not have their own residence but also the rest of society.
• Homelessness in Californian Public Places Public places in California house inhabitants who lack permanent residencies. It is reported that this decision is propelled by several factors.
• American Veteran Homelessness & Advocacy Practice A study by Lusk, Staudt, and Moya (2012), shows that subjecting these veterans to constant gun violence causes emotional stress to them
• Swanscombe Community’s Homelessness and Urban Health The urban health profile at hand has enabled one to examine the selected community, Swanscombe, from the perspective of a healthy environment.
• Regional-Level Challenges: California’s Homelessness The major problem connected with homelessness is that social service organizations tend to adopt narrow practice approaches reducing the human need to basic ones.
• Homelessness to Mass Incarceration The objective of this paper is to analyze the correlations between the homelessness and crime rates, as well as its connections to the mental disorders and substance abuse.
• Homelessness for Female-Headed Homes
• The Issues and Future Solutions to Homelessness in America
• Major Depression Disorder and Homelessness
• Homelessness Among NYC Youth
• Family, Resilience, Homelessness, and Mental Health
• US Citizenship Rights and Homelessness
• Domestic Violence and Homelessness Among Women
• Homelessness and Mental Health and Substance Abuse
• Social Problems and Homelessness in Savannah, Georgia
• Preventing and Reducing Homelessness
• Homelessness and Children’s Health Issues
• Veterans and Their Struggle With Homelessness
• Racial Differences Regarding Homelessness in the US
• Analyzing Homelessness and the Effect It Has on Social Health
• The Factors Associated With Youth Homelessness and Arrest
• Homelessness, Mental Illness, and Social Intervention
• The Structural and Individual Causes of Homelessness
• Homelessness and Sociological Perspectives
• Alleviating Homelessness Within New York City
• Homelessness Among Those With Mental Illness
• Homelessness Among the Veteran Community America S Forgotten Heroes
• Early Illicit Drug Use and the Age of Onset of Homelessness
• Homelessness Among the Community of Drug Addicts
• United States Interagency Council on Homelessness
• Sociology and Race, Homelessness, and Urban Life
• Homelessness and the Effects It Has on Humans
• Societal Inequalities Foster Homelessness in the United States
• The Need for Sustainability as It Relates to Homelessness in Australia
• The Relationship Between Homelessness in Australia and Rising Cases of Health Issues
• Deviance: Mental Illness and Homelessness
• The Link Between Homelessness and Mental Health
• City Life, Homelessness, Race, and Sociology
• Homelessness Amongst Marginalized LGBTQ Youth
• Family Homelessness and Its Effects on Children
• Homelessness, Mental Illness, and the Advocate Role
• Youth Homelessness Structural Factors
• Homelessness and Food Insecurity
• The Main Causes and Prevention Strategies of Homelessness
• Homelessness and Its Effects on America
• Post-1900 American Homelessness
• Homelessness and Its Effects on Licking County
• Homelessness Among American Veterans Research
• Reasons for Preventing Homelessness Among Youth
• Homelessness and Housing Problems in the United States
• Family Homelessness and the Impact on Health and Healthcare Provision
• Homelessness Affects Adults and Children
• Analyzing the Statistics and Problem of Homelessness in the U.S
• Ethnography and Homelessness Research
• Problems and Resolutions for Homelessness in the Northeast
• Child Abuse and Neglect, Homelessness, and Marital Problems
• The Growing Concern Over the Homelessness Around the Globe
• Reducing Homelessness In the United States
• Mental Illness, Homelessness, and Public Administration
• Homelessness and Permanent Supportive Housing
• Policy for Addressing Homelessness Canada
• Developing Social Theories and Perspectives on Homelessness
• The Homelessness and Its Effects on Women
• Federal Funding for Housing and Homelessness
• Homelessness Affecting the United States
• The Unemployment, Poverty, Homelessness, and Safety and Security Problem
• What Is the Impact of Homelessness on Children?
• Does Rent Control Cause Homelessness?
• Does Public Housing Reduce Homelessness?
• What Is a Longitudinal Analysis of Homelessness?
• Why Woman Headed Households Are Suffering From Homelessness?
• What Are the Structural Determinants of Homelessness in the United States?
• What Are the Definitions of Homelessness in Developing Countries?
• What Are Public Beliefs About the Causes of Homelessness?
• What Are the Prevalence of Homelessness Among Adolescents in the United States?
• What Is the Social History of Homelessness in Contemporary America?
• What Are the Risk Factors for Homelessness Among Indigent Urban Adults?
• What Is the Connection Between Severity of Homelessness and Adverse Birth Outcomes?
• What Are Some Reflections on the Policy History of Youth Homelessness in Australia?
• What Are the Risk Factors for Homelessness Among Women With Schizophrenia?
• Why Maternal Depression Is a Risk Factor for Family Homelessness?
• What Are the Pathways to Homelessness Among the Mentally Ill?
• What Are the Reasons for Youth Homelessness?
• What Are the Links Between Domestic Violence and Homelessness?
• What Is the Data Dilemma in Family Homelessness?
• What Are the Faith-based Programs and What’s Their Influence on Homelessness?
• What Is the Intersection of Homelessness, Racism, and Mental Illness?
• What Are the Complexities of Elder Homelessness?
• What Is the Impact of Homelessness on the Health of Families?
• What Are the International Perspectives on Rural Homelessness?
• What Are the Factors Associated With Youth Homelessness and Crime Rates?

Cite this post

• Chicago (N-B)
• Chicago (A-D)

StudyCorgi. (2022, March 1). 150 Research Questions Homelessness Essay Topics & More. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/homelessness-essay-topics/

"150 Research Questions Homelessness Essay Topics & More." StudyCorgi , 1 Mar. 2022, studycorgi.com/ideas/homelessness-essay-topics/.

StudyCorgi . (2022) '150 Research Questions Homelessness Essay Topics & More'. 1 March.

1. StudyCorgi . "150 Research Questions Homelessness Essay Topics & More." March 1, 2022. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/homelessness-essay-topics/.

Bibliography

StudyCorgi . "150 Research Questions Homelessness Essay Topics & More." March 1, 2022. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/homelessness-essay-topics/.

StudyCorgi . 2022. "150 Research Questions Homelessness Essay Topics & More." March 1, 2022. https://studycorgi.com/ideas/homelessness-essay-topics/.

These essay examples and topics on Homelessness were carefully selected by the StudyCorgi editorial team. They meet our highest standards in terms of grammar, punctuation, style, and fact accuracy. Please ensure you properly reference the materials if you’re using them to write your assignment.

This essay topic collection was updated on January 21, 2024 .

MINI REVIEW article

Homeless people: a review of personality disorders.

• 1 Centro de Investigação em Ciência Psicológica (CICPSI), Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
• 2 Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, Lisboa, Portugal
• 3 Consulta de Esquizofrenia Resistente, Hospital Júlio de Matos (HJM), Unidade Local de Saúde São José (ULSSJ), Centro Clínico Académico de Lisboa (CCAL), Lisboa, Portugal
• 4 Clínica Universitária de Psiquiatra e Psicologia Médica (CUPPM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa (FMUL), Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa (CAML), Lisboa, Portugal
• 5 Homeless Outreach Psychiatric Engagement for Lisboa (HOPE 4 Lisboa), Santé Mentale et Exclusion Sociale (SMES) Europa, Lisboa, Portugal

Personality disorders in homeless people pose a challenge to the medical community and society, requiring specialized approaches for these super-difficult patients. The prevalence of personality disorders is higher in homeless populations than in the general population. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding personality disorders among people experiencing homelessness, and the implications of this lack of recognition are substantial. This paper provides a brief narrative review of personality disorders among homeless individuals. The primary importance and specificity of these disorders in this population remain unexplored. We searched PubMed and Web of Science databases in February and November 2023 using the keywords ‘homeless’ and ‘personality disorder’, and selected fifty-eight studies to be included in this literature review. The main themes of the results were personality disorders in homeless individuals and comorbid psychiatric disorders; risk factors and other psychological and behavioral data; clinical and intervention outcomes; and challenges linked to assessment, treatment, and intervention. The homeless population experiences significant diagnostic variability and the diagnosis of personality disorders is still evolving, contributing to difficulties in diagnosis, assessment, and treatment. A future challenge is to raise clinical awareness and optimize research knowledge, assessment, and intervention in personality disorders among homeless individuals with comorbid psychiatric disorders.

1 Introduction

Personality disorders (PD) among the homeless pose a challenge to medicine and society and are many times framed as difficult or super-difficult patients. Difficult, because they are prevalent in primary care settings, have more psychiatric disorders, functional impairment, health care utilization, and dissatisfaction with care ( 1 ). Super difficult, because besides all that, they are homeless, living and dying on the streets, neglected by society, lacking the appropriate health care from community psychiatry ( 2 ).

PD’s affect more than 10% of the population but are widely ignored by health professionals due to the associated stigmas ( 3 ). However, available data remain scattered; two recent meta-analyses reported varying prevalence estimates for lifetime PD of 25.4% ( 4 ) and, around 7.8% ( 5 ). Studies have shown that PD causes considerable morbidity, is associated with high service and societal costs, and usually has an adverse effect on the progress in the treatment of other psychiatric disorders ( 6 ). Challenges also include difficulty in approaching the patient because of poor pharmacological results and a significant treatment abandonment rate ( 7 ). According to some experts, PD should be recognized as a psychiatric priority and a major condition in mainstream psychiatry across the world ( 5 , 6 ). The principal challenge of the 21st century is determining the most efficient treatment for PD ( 7 ).

The prevalence of PD’s is much higher in homeless individuals than in the general population ( 7 – 9 ). A recent systematic review ( 10 ) highlighted that PD is very common in homeless individuals, with frequencies ranging from 64% to 79% for any PD. Some authors ( 9 , 11 , 12 ) have drawn attention specifically to the gap in knowledge about PD in individuals experiencing homelessness based on the absence of reliable and valid PD diagnoses. The implications of this lack of recognition of PD and the limited data about them in homeless populations are substantial ( 8 , 9 ).

Research on PD in homeless people is limited. This article briefly reviews the existing literature on PD in homeless population and intends to address the existing data based on the state-of-the-art research topic.

Our research was conducted with the terms ‘homeless’ and ‘personality disorder’, in searches managed on PubMed (search details: (homeless*[Title/Abstract]) AND (personality disorder [Title/Abstract])), and on Web of Science (search details: (homeless*[Title]) AND (personality disorder [Title])) – both without any time limit. On February 20 th and November 17 th , 2023, the results yielded 65 articles on PubMed and 66 articles on Web of Science based on the above-mentioned keywords. A book was included following a manual search. The two authors served as evaluators. Of the 131 entries, considering the exclusion criteria of duplicates and articles unrelated to the topic. Only English and French documents (with abstracts in English) were considered. Finally, a total of 58 articles were subjected to analysis in this narrative review.

3.1 Personality disorders in patients living homeless and comorbid psychiatric disorders

Fazel’s ( 8 ) systematic review and meta-regression analysis, drawing on data from 5684 homeless individuals, reported the prevalence of PD among the homeless in Western countries as 23.1% (CI 15.5%–30.8%). Similar data were observed in a population of 500 homeless patients in Portugal ( 13 ) and in Germany ( 14 ) both at 24%. While in Stockholm, a prevalence of 12% was reported in 1704 homeless patients receiving hospital care ( 15 ). In Japan it was 3.5% (≈114 homeless) ( 16 ). Conversely, a prevalence of 50% was observed in data from London with 560 homeless men ( 17 ) and 57% based on the Edinburgh survey (≈44) ( 18 ). The prevalence reached a record high of 80% in a French study using epidemiological measures (≈1200 homeless men) ( 19 ) and 88% (with a mean of 3.5 diagnoses per participant) in the United States of America (USA) (≈99) ( 20 ). These examples illustrate the extensive range and diversity of conditions analyzed, emphasizing the clinical relevance of data on the presence of the PD’s among homeless populations.

A substantial number of psychiatric disorders are well documented in homeless populations ( 13 ). Homeless people with multiple diagnoses have greater mental health needs and worse general health determinants ( 9 , 13 ). A general synthesis of the prevalence of comorbid psychiatric disorders in homeless patients, according to reports reveals the following figures: psychotic disorders among 4.4%–57% ( 8 , 13 , 14 , 16 ); major depression among 11.4% ( 8 ); bipolar disorders among 11.4%–17.5% ( 8 , 16 ); alcohol dependence among 14.3%–37.9% ( 8 , 13 , 14 , 16 ); drug dependence among 14.3%–34% ( 8 , 13 , 14 , 16 ); acute stress reaction among 23%–24% ( 13 , 14 ); and anxiety disorder among 2.3% ( 16 ). These references are based on studies carried out in the USA, France, Japan, Portugal, and Germany.

The findings from ten-year records of homeless patients attending emergency services (≈2750) in the USA show greatly increased rates of admissions for alcohol, substance abuse and psychiatric-related problems, particularly for schizophrenia (Odd Ratio, OR:16.6) and PD (OR:15.4) ( 21 ). Lipton’s study ( 22 ) of homeless patients at a hospital emergency department supported this finding: 96.6% of this patient population had a previous psychiatric hospitalization, 72% had been diagnosed with schizophrenia, and the second most common diagnosis was PD (13.3%). In another study conducted in Portugal by Bento and Barreto ( 23 ) with a reference population of 511 homeless patients, 94% of the overall sample included patients with psychiatric disorders, excessive alcohol/drug consumption, and PD’s.

A small number of studies have recognized the existence of specific PD among the homeless, including antisocial, schizoid, dependent, and borderline PD’s ( 12 ). Connoly et al. ( 12 ) reported that the rates of specific Axis II disorders exceeded the rates of specific Axis I disorders by 50%. However, few studies have conducted systematic assessments of the full range of PD or evaluated their relationship with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) Axis I diagnoses, often relying on unstructured assessments ( 11 , 12 ). In this brief review, we identified only seven studies addressing the full range of PD diagnoses ( 7 , 12 , 19 , 20 , 24 – 26 ). For data systematization vide Table 1 , where we also included the geographic area and its respective climate type ( 27 ). All studies were done in both sides of North Atlantic Ocean: four in the East coast of the United States of America and three in the Western part of the European Union. We believe the harder winters in humid continental climates at the states of Massachusetts, New York and Connecticut may have an influence in how homeless people live, somehow different from what happens in Spain with Hot Summer Mediterranean and France Oceanic climate types ( 27 ). On the other hand, the cultural differences may not have such an impact, as all studies were performed in the prevalent and quite accepted homogeny of the Western world. Culturally speaking the White Anglo-Saxon Protestant (WASP) culture in the northeastern USA has little contrast with the Latin catholic culture in the western EU, in the impact how psychiatric homeless people live in the streets. Furthermore, in a systematic review ( 10 ) which is based on analysis of five of these studies ( i.e ., 7,12,24,25,26), it is globally reported that the most prevalent PD diagnoses in homeless populations were paranoid (14%–74%), avoidant (14%–63%), borderline (6%–62%), and antisocial (4%–57%).

Table 1 General data of the specific personality disorders among the homeless people in the studies included in the present review.

Other studies ( 28 , 29 ) identified the most prevalent diagnoses among the homeless population as substance abuse and PD’s, including antisocial PD ( 28 ). This population had higher rates of alcohol abuse disorder (men), drug abuse disorder (women), and antisocial PD (both men and women) ( 28 ). The only diagnosis that was more prevalent in homeless clinics than in communities was antisocial PD ( 28 ). Similarly, Caton ( 30 ) reported a significantly higher number of homeless individuals with a concurrent diagnosis of antisocial PD and borderline PD ( 9 ).

However, some authors have argued that among the homeless, many of the features of antisocial personality may be artifacts of homelessness and that strict application of the diagnostic criteria may be insensitive to nurture factors ( 11 ). A study among 600 homeless individuals ( 31 ), found that data support the appropriateness of the diagnosis of antisocial PD among these populations. Most adult symptoms of antisocial PD were associated with the number of childhood conduct disorder symptoms (nature), and the onset of symptoms usually preceded the onset of homelessness ( 31 ).

Other important findings suggest a higher-than-normal prevalence of schizoid PD potentially playing a role in treatment engagement and chronicity of homelessness ( 32 ) and schizotypal PD ( 33 ). Finally, the diagnosis of emotionally unstable PD appeared to be associated with homelessness referrals to an acute young adult psychiatric unit ( 34 ). Still, a single case report of a schizoaffective homeless man with a previous diagnosis of haltlöse PD highlights the need for more studies examining PD Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) ( 35 ).

3.2 Personality disorders related to risk factors among homeless people and associated psychological and behavioral outcomes

Personality disorders (OR: 2.2) are identified as a risk factor associated with an increased risk of homelessness. They along with severe psychiatric disorders, substance abuse, and pathological gambling constitute the most significant modifiable factor, as determined by a USA big data study examining risk and protective factors for homelessness ( 36 ).

Findings of a French research ( 19 ) (≈1200 homeless men) lead to the conclusion that PD increases the risk of substance abuse, subsequently increasing the risk of homelessness. This dual diagnosis has a high impact on homelessness. The comorbidity of drug abuse and PD multiplies the risk of homelessness by a factor of 7, accounting for 46% of the cases. Conversely, the association between PD and homelessness multiplies the risk of drug abuse by a factor of 13, accounting for 3/4 of drug abuse cases ( 19 ). Moreover, PD’s appear to have a basic role in the etiopathology of such a morbid constellation because the frequency of their observation is independent of the association between homelessness and drug abuse ( 19 ). Another study ( 37 ) highlighted the association between homeless individuals and a specific group of people - those with serious substance misuse and PD (39.3%).

In a two-year longitudinal study conducted in Canada ( 38 ) young adults experiencing first-episode psychosis, within the homeless group were more likely to have childhood abuse, forensic history, non-affective psychosis, negative symptoms, substance use disorder, and the DSM-IV Cluster B PD (referred to as bad PD). It is also associated with poorer symptomatic and functional outcomes despite having more long-acting injectable antipsychotics, community treatment orders, and hospitalizations ( 38 ). Poor prognostic factors were related to Cluster B PD in intensive outreach services dedicated to homeless youth experiencing first-episode psychosis and addiction in another longitudinal study ( 39 ).

Studies have reported that high rates of deliberate self-harm and suicide in the homeless are related to high rates of psychiatric disorders found in this population, predominantly schizophrenia ( 40 ). Among homeless individuals, those exhibiting high rates of drug and alcohol abuse and PD were most often those without a stable residence. They were more likely to be male, single, unemployed, recent victims of violence, prone to have violent behavior toward others ( 40 ), a criminal record, and to have a PD ( 40 , 41 ), as well as increased mortality from all causes ( 40 ).

Data focusing on gender and prevalence of psychiatric disorders among hospitalized homeless patients ( 15 ) revealed the following. Homeless women were at a higher risk for psychiatric disorders than homeless men (1.20), and younger homeless women had the highest risk (2.17). Alcohol use disorders were equally common, but women had a higher prevalence of drug use disorders (1.32). Women were at higher risk of schizophrenia (2.79) and PD’s (2.73). Indices of low quality of life include middle-aged homeless women living in temporary housing with criminal records, PD, and substance use disorders ( 42 ). Risk factor evaluation for homelessness among patients with severe psychiatric conditions ( 43 , 44 ) show distinct patterns. Among homeless women with schizophrenia, higher rates of concurrent diagnosis of alcohol abuse, drug abuse, and antisocial PD, including less adequate family support ( 43 ); Among homeless men with schizophrenia, there was widespread concurrent substance abuse and antisocial PD (42%), and 72% had a history of incarceration ( 44 ). In addition to childhood antecedents, data indicate that drug abuse and antisocial PD preceded homelessness ( 44 ). Notably, 4/5 male patients experiencing homelessness had a triple diagnosis – concurrent schizophrenia, substance abuse, and antisocial disorder–indicating the presence of these traits even before adolescence ( 45 ). Consequently, inadequacies in psychiatric service discharge planning are most apparent among homeless men with heavy tri-morbidity ( 30 ).

Furthermore, antisocial PD is associated with illegal economic activities (selling drugs, theft, and prostitution) for income generation among the homeless ( 46 ). This association extends to youth homelessness ( 47 ), which in combination with arrest history serves as a risk factor for recurrent homelessness ( 48 ). Moreover, it is coupled with gambling disorder ( 49 ), violent behavior ( 50 ), and HIV risk in homeless individuals ( 51 ).

Engaging in survival sex is over-represented within homeless populations ( 52 ), and data show robust associations with symptoms of borderline PD, childhood abuse, and post-traumatic stress disorder among homeless women ( 52 , 53 ), suggesting that older individuals with high levels of impulsivity symptoms may be especially at risk ( 52 ). Similar approaches among homeless men have shown that risky sexual behavior is accompanied by common symptoms of PD’s and predicts treatment outcomes and suboptimal achievements in health-promoting or prosocial behaviors ( 54 – 56 ). Nevertheless, a risk index comprising key symptoms of antisocial/borderline disorders plays an essential role in sexual risky behaviors in both sexes ( 57 ).

Another focus comes from the sheltered homeless families, with suspicions of probable child abuse or neglect, where it is observed that 1/4 of the mothers had the presence of major clinical psychiatric syndromes and 70% of the mothers had PD ( 25 ). In this follow-up on the relationship between homelessness, mental health, and motherhood, the findings showed that 2/3 of the young mothers with children in their care met the criteria for lifetime antisocial PD ( 58 ) and borderline PD ( 59 ). These were further associated with criteria for lifetime major depressive episodes, post-traumatic stress disorder, and drug abuse ( 58 ).

3.3 Personality disorders in relation to clinical and intervention outcomes among homeless people

The risk factors for unplanned hospital admission in homeless individuals have been reported ( 60 ). Enduring psychiatric conditions and/or PD (OR:3.84), establish themselves as the greatest risk factors increasing the likelihood of admission by almost four-fold. This impact on the likelihood of poor physical health outcomes, potentially because of a lack of engagement or late presentation to services. When homeless patients access health services, maladaptive behaviors are often associated with poor attendance, reduced effectiveness of therapeutic alliances, failure to follow through on referrals, noncompliance with medications for medical or psychiatric symptoms, and suicidal behaviors ( 24 ).

A congregation is characterized by high rates of PD’s among profiles of homeless individuals, and high overall medical service use ( 29 , 42 ). In contrast, homeless patients who underuse mental health services ( 24 , 30 , 61 ) are more likely to receive psychiatric treatment in hospitals rather than in outpatient services and have inadequately planned psychiatric hospital discharge. This is more likely if they have comorbidities of schizophrenia, substance abuse, and antisocial PD ( 30 ).

PD’s significantly influence the failure of homeless people to adhere to treatment ( 12 ). When homelessness and PD coexist, the likelihood of treatment non-adherence increases. Notably, Cluster B PD are associated with avoiding permanence in the treatment process, while Cluster C PD (referred to as sad PD) are connected to favored treatment adherence and improved prognosis ( 7 ). Specifically, borderline and passive-aggressive PD’s (another type of PD NOS) were reasons for treatment abandonment in 100% of the patients. Additionally, patients with antisocial, obsessive-compulsive, or paranoid PD seemed to be related to treatment abandonment ( 7 ).

Concerning factors associated with health service use, the literature reports that, in young homeless people, the presence of PD (OR:4.9) was estimated to be one of the factors that improved lifetime health service utilization or follow-up ( 62 ).

In addition, the presence of PD in the homeless is linked to several factors: poorer rates of adherence and completion of psychiatric and therapeutic treatment ( 63 ), worse outcomes for treatment of depression, and an increased risk of deliberate self-harm ( 8 ), insecure types of attachment that may impact intervention strategies ( 10 ), acting as a barrier to the formation of a therapeutic alliance ( 64 ), influencing the benefits of therapeutic approaches ( 19 ), and contributing to comorbidity in dual diagnosis that may benefit from pharmacist intervention to address medication-related problems ( 65 ).

3.4 Challenges linked to personality disorders in the assessment, treatment, and intervention for homeless people

Traditional models of service delivery in Western countries, which focus on those with severe psychiatric disorders, may not meet the mental health needs of most homeless individuals with substance dependence and PD ( 8 ).

Authors such as Bassuk et al. ( 25 ) drew attention to PD as a diagnosis of social dysfunction and did not consider the influence of environmental factors extrinsic to the organization of personality, such as poverty, racism, and gender bias. The criteria for these disorders are descriptions of behavioral disturbances that are long-term and predate homelessness. Thus, the labels should primarily be used to indicate severe functional impairment and the need for help rather than implying strict causality ( 25 ).

According to Ball et al. ( 24 ), some of the paranoid, hostile, and bizarre symptoms of the homeless may be adaptive or at least understandable, given the extreme challenges of living on the streets or in a shelter. Although a diagnosis of PD requires evidence of the early onset of maladaptive traits, it is difficult to rule out the possibility that some Cluster A PD (referred to as mad PD) may be better understood as a consequence rather than as a cause of homelessness ( 24 ).

Furthermore, there are very few studies on homeless populations that have systematically assessed the full range of PD’s using appropriate and rigorous methodologies and evaluation criteria for PD assessment, thus concluding that this is an important gap and challenge ( 11 , 12 ).

Mental health services for the homeless facing particularly high levels of factors associated with suicide and homicide, a significantly higher prevalence of PD, and targeting poor compliance and complexity of disorders, require significant input from multidisciplinary mental health team members ( 66 ). Managing mood in this population remains a major challenge and nonpharmacological treatments (including complementary agents and psychosocial interventions) should be evaluated to address this issue ( 50 ). Additionally, data indicate that PD’s in the homeless are probably more common among women emphasize an important factor for social and healthcare services to bear in mind ( 15 ).

Although it remains unclear whether this group of patients is amenable to individual or group psychotherapy, they have a profound need for other social services, and some may benefit from counselling or pharmacotherapy to help improve adaptive functioning or reduce Axis I symptoms ( 24 ).

Clinicians treating homeless outpatients may benefit from having special facilities for the diagnosis and management of PD’s and substance abuse along with expertise in other comorbid psychiatric disorders ( 28 ). Homeless treatment seekers might benefit from the specialized programming and services of clinicians who are especially proficient in recognizing and treating the disorders best represented in these populations, which are notoriously difficult to manage ( 28 ).

Highlighting that, early trauma experiences have lifelong consequences, so complex trauma, appears to be intrinsic related to psychopathology and personality disorders in the homeless persons ( 8 , 10 , 29 ). Within the developing of Trauma-Informed Care (TIC), an awareness of these issues in a range of services, should improve the establishment of Psychologically Informed Environments (PIE) first taking place in re-designed facilities for homeless people ( 29 , 67 ).

Nevertheless, we cannot be sure if paranoid, avoidant, or even obsessive-compulsive personality disorders are cause or consequence of being homeless. All these three personality disorders may be mimicked by survival street behavior. For example, a person experiencing homelessness can perfectly assume an avoidant and/or paranoid to avoid conflicts with other people. On the other hand, obsessive compulsive personality disorder can be mimicked by a hoarding behavior, especially with food or other essential items, in order to increase the chances of survival ( 10 ). Regarding the anti-social PD is even more difficult to distinguish cause/nature from consequence/nurture: was the homeless born genetically vulnerable to psychopathy or it was the street hard life than made that person a sociopath?

Further investigations are needed regarding homeless people with psychiatric disorders and their treatment, particularly those with multiple diagnoses that have worse health determinants ( 13 ).

As a main conclusion and guideline for further research, Salavera et al. ( 7 ) viewed PD as a prognostic factor in treatment. Therefore, reintegration processes, and prevention strategies must be clearly established, considering the subject’s personality as a basic element, and providing an individualized therapeutic process ( 7 , 29 ). Knowledge of these personality traits should be used to advocate for better healthcare services for supporting homeless individuals ( 7 ).

4 Conclusion

The homeless population suffers from major diagnostic variability and the diagnosis of PD’s is still evolving, contributing to difficulties in diagnosis, assessment, and treatment. However, further studies are warranted and should focus more on the causes and effects of events. It is important to highlight as a limitation that the percentages of personality disorders analyzed in this review are based on studies with a disparate number of participants.

Does PD predispose individuals to homelessness? Does precocious homelessness contribute to PD? Does antisocial psychopathy increase the probabilities of homelessness? Or is it the homeless lifestyle that produces antisocial sociopaths? Do obsessive-compulsive personality hoarding habits lead to people being expelled from home and condemned to street life? Or is it homelessness that produces hoarding behavior for better chances of surviving on the streets? How many PD’s are NOS, such as haltlöse or passive-aggressive, and are underestimated among homeless people? What is the importance of attachment dysfunctions? What is the role of PD’s secondary to organic conditions such as seizures or epilepsy, which is also common among homeless people ( 68 )?

A challenge for the future is to raise clinical awareness and optimize research knowledge, assessment, and interventions for PD’s among homeless individuals with comorbid psychiatric disorders and drug abuse. These individuals are often referred to as super-difficult patients, the subjects of Marontology, a new, unborn, medical specialty, suggested after the Greek word maron-tos , which means unwanted ( 69 ).

Author contributions

JH-C: Funding acquisition, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. JGM: Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing.

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work received national funding from FCT -Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P [Foundation for Science and Technology] through the Research Center for Psychological Science of the Faculty of Psychology, University of Lisbon (UIDB/04527/2020; UIDP/04527/2020).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Publisher’s note

All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

1. Carnot MJ, Gama Marques J. ['Difficult Patients': A perspective from the tertiary mental health services]. Acta Med Port . (2018) 31:370–2. doi: 10.20344/amp.10619

PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

2. Gama Marques J. Super difficult patients with mental illness: homelessness, marontology and John Doe syndrome. Acta Med Port . (2021) 34:314. doi: 10.20344/amp.15868

3. Tyrer P, Mulder R. Personality Disorder: from evidence to understanding. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ Press . (2022). doi: 10.1017/9781108951685

CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar

4. Gutwinski S, Schreiter S, Deutscher K, Fazel S. The prevalence of mental disorders among homeless people in high-income countries: an updated systematic review and meta-regression analysis. PloS Med . (2021) 18:e1003750. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003750

5. Winsper C, Bilgin A, Thompson A, Marwaha S, Chanen AM, Singh SP, et al. The prevalence of personality disorders in the community: a global systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry . (2020) 216:69–78. doi: 10.1192/bjp.2019.166

6. Tyrer P, Mulder R, Crawford M, Newton-Howes G, Simonsen E, Ndetei D, et al. Personality disorder: a new global perspective. World Psychiatry . (2010) 9:56–60. doi: 10.1002/wps.2010.9.issue-1

7. Salavera C, Tricás JM, Lucha O. Personality disorders and treatment drop out in the homeless. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat . (2013) 9:379–87. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S38677

8. Fazel S, Khosla V, Doll H, Geddes J. The prevalence of mental disorders among the homeless in western countries: systematic review and meta-regression analysis. PloS Med . (2008) 5:e225. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050225

9. Dell NA, Vaughn MG, Huang J, Mancini M, Maynard BR. Correlates of homelessness among adults with personality disorder. Psychiatr Q . (2023) 94:281–95. doi: 10.1007/s11126-023-10027-w

10. Neves Horácio A, Bento A, Gama Marques J. Personality and attachment in the homeless: a systematic review. Int J Soc Psychiatry . (2023) 69:1312–26. doi: 10.1177/00207640231161201

11. North CS. Gaps in knowledge about personality disorders in homeless populations (commentary for article by Whitbeck, Armenta, and Welch-Lazoritz, "Borderline personality disorder and Axis I psychiatric and substance use disorders among women experiencing homelessness in three US cities"). Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol . (2015) 50:1293–5. doi: 10.1007/s00127-015-1066-6

12. Connolly AJ, Cobb-Richardson P, Ball SA. personality disorders in homeless drop-in center clients. J Pers Disord . (2008) 22:573–88. doi: 10.1521/pedi.2008.22.6.573

13. Monteiro Fernandes A, Gama Marques J, Bento A, Telles-Correia D. Mental illness among 500 people living homeless and referred for psychiatric evaluation in Lisbon, Portugal. CNS Spectr . (2022) 27:699–708. doi: 10.1017/S1092852921000547

14. Jalilzadeh Masah D, Schouler-Ocak M, Gutwinski S, Gehrenbeck K, Deutscher K, Schindel D, et al. Homelessness and associated factors over a 13-year period among psychiatric in-patients in Berlin, Germany: routine data analysis. BJPsych Open . (2023) 9:e118. doi: 10.1192/bjo.2023.501

15. Beijer U, Andréasson S. Gender, hospitalization and mental disorders among homeless people compared with the general population in Stockholm. Eur J Public Health . (2010) 20:511–6. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckq033

16. Nishio A, Yamamoto M, Horita R, Sado T, Ueki H, Watanabe T, et al. Prevalence of mental illness, cognitive disability, and their overlap among the homeless in Nagoya, Japan. PloS One . (2015) 10:e0138052. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138052

17. Patch ICL, Patch IC. Homeless men in London: I. demographic findings in a lodging house sample. Br J Psychiatry . (1971) 118:313–7. doi: 10.1192/bjp.118.544.313

18. Priest RG. The homeless person and the psychiatric services: an Edinburgh survey. Br J Psychiatry . (1976) 128:128–36. doi: 10.1192/bjp.128.2.128

19. Combaluzier S, Gouvernet B, Bernoussi A. [Impact of personality disorders in a sample of 212 homeless drug users]. Encephale . (2009) 35:448–53. doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2008.06.009

20. Samuel DB, Connolly AJ, Ball SA. The convergent and concurrent validity of trait-based prototype assessment of personality disorder categories in homeless persons. Assessment . (2012) 19:287–98. doi: 10.1177/1073191112444461

21. Lombardi K, Pines JM, Mazer-Amirshahi M, Pourmand A. Findings of a national dataset analysis on the visits of homeless patients to US emergency departments during 2005-2015. Public Health . (2020) 178:82–9. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.09.003

22. Lipton FR, Sabatini A, Katz SE. Down and out in the city: the homeless mentally ill. Hosp Community Psychiatry . (1983) 34:817–21. doi: 10.1176/ps.34.9.817

23. Bento A, Barreto E. Sem-amor sem-abrigo [Loveless homeless]. Lisboa: Climepsi . (2002).

Google Scholar

24. Ball SA, Cobb-Richardson P, Connolly AJ, Bujosa CT, O'Neall TW. Substance abuse and personality disorders in homeless drop-in center clients: symptom severity and psychotherapy retention in a randomized clinical trial. Compr Psychiatry . (2005) 46:371–9. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2004.11.003

25. Bassuk EL, Rubin L, Lauriat AS. Characteristics of sheltered homeless families. Am J Public Health . (1986) 76:1097–101. doi: 10.2105/ajph.76.9.1097

26. Salavera C, Antoñanzas JL, Bustamante JC, Carrón J, Usán P, Teruel P, et al. Comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with personality disorders in homeless people. BMC Res Notes . (2014) 7:916. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-916

27. Rubel F, Kottek M. Comments on: 'The thermal zones of the Earth' by Wladimir Köppen (1884). Meteorologische Z . (2011) 20:361–5. doi: 10.1127/0941-2948/2011/0285

28. North CS, Thompson SJ, Pollio DE, Ricci DA, Smith EM. A diagnostic comparison of homeless and nonhomeless patients in an urban mental health clinic. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol . (1997) 32:236–40. doi: 10.1007/BF00788244

29. Timms P, Drife J. Mental health services for single homeless people. BJPsych Adv . (2021) 27:104–14. doi: 10.1192/bja.2020.54

30. Caton CL. Mental health service use among homeless and never-homeless men with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv . (1995) 46:1139–43. doi: 10.1176/ps.46.11.1139

31. North CS, Smith EM, Spitznagel EL. Is antisocial personality a valid diagnosis among the homeless? Am J Psychiatry . (1993) 150:578–83. doi: 10.1176/ajp.150.4.578

32. Rouff L. Schizoid personality traits among the homeless mentally ill: a quantitative and qualitative report. J Soc Distress Homeless . (2000) 9:127–41. doi: 10.1023/A:1009470318513

33. Vacher C, Launay C, Petitjean F. [Schizotypal disorder among prodromal signs of schizophrenia: a study in a center for the homeless]. Ann Med Psychol . (2001) 159:330–5. doi: 10.1016/S0003-4487(01)00043-9

34. Dymond A, Branjerdporn G. Factors associated with homelessness referrals for an acute young adult psychiatric unit. Int J Soc Psychiatry . (2021) 67:713–9. doi: 10.1177/0020764020970239

35. Gama Marques J. Pharmacogenetic testing for the guidance of psychiatric treatment of a schizoaffective patient with haltlose personality disorder. CNS Spectr . (2019) 24:227–8. doi: 10.1017/S1092852917000669

36. Edens EL, Kasprow W, Tsai J, Rosenheck RA. Association of substance use and VA service-connected disability benefits with risk of homelessness among veterans. Am J Addict . (2011) 20:412–9. doi: 10.1111/ajad.2011.20.issue-5

37. Kahn MW, Hannah M, Kirkland S, Lesnik S, Clemens C, Chatel D. Substance misuse, emotional disturbance, and dual diagnosis in a meal-line population of mixed ethnicity. Int J Addict . (1992) 27:317–30. doi: 10.3109/10826089209068745

38. Lévesque IS, Abdel-Baki A. Homeless youth with first-episode psychosis: A 2-year outcome study. Schizophr Res . (2020) 216:460–9. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.10.031

39. Doré-Gauthier V, Côté H, Jutras-Aswad D, Ouellet-Plamondon C, Abdel-Baki A. How to help homeless youth suffering from first episode psychosis and substance use disorders? The creation of a new intensive outreach intervention team. Psychiatry Res . (2019) 273:603–12. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.076

40. Haw C, Hawton K, Casey D. Deliberate self-harm patients of no fixed abode: a study of characteristics and subsequent deaths in patients presenting to a general hospital. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol . (2006) 41:918–25. doi: 10.1007/s00127-006-0106-7

41. Mitchell RJ, Burns N, Glozier N, Nielssen O. Homelessness and predictors of criminal reoffending: a retrospective cohort study. Crim Behav Ment Health . (2023) 33:261–75. doi: 10.1002/cbm.2298

42. Gentil L, Grenier G, Bamvita J-M, Dorvil H, Fleury M-J. Profiles of quality of life in a homeless population. Front Psychiatry . (2019) 10:10. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00010

43. Caton CL, Shrout PE, Dominguez B, Eagle PF, Opler LA, Cournos F. Risk factors for homelessness among women with schizophrenia. Am J Public Health . (1995) 85:1153–6. doi: 10.2105/ajph.85.8_pt_1.1153

44. Caton CL, Shrout PE, Eagle PF, Opler LA, Felix A, Dominguez B. Risk factors for homelessness among schizophrenic men: a case-control study. Am J Public Health . (1994) 84:265–70. doi: 10.2105/ajph.84.2.265

45. Caton CL, Shrout PE, Eagle PF, Opler LA, Felix A. Correlates of codisorders in homeless and never homeless indigent schizophrenic men. Psychol Med . (1994) 24:681–8. doi: 10.1017/s0033291700027835

46. Ferguson KM, Bender K, Thompson SJ. Gender, coping strategies, homelessness stressors, and income generation among homeless young adults in three cities. Soc Sci Med . (2015) 135:47–55. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.04.028

47. Quimby EG, Edidin JP, Ganim Z, Gustafson E, Hunter SJ, Karnik NS. Psychiatric disorders and substance use in homeless youth: a preliminary comparison of San Francisco and Chicago. Behav Sci . (2012) 2:186–94. doi: 10.3390/bs2030186

48. McQuistion HL, Gorroochurn P, Hsu E, Caton CL. Risk factors associated with recurrent homelessness after a first homeless episode. Community Ment Health J . (2014) 50:505–13. doi: 10.1007/s10597-013-9608-4

49. Nower L, Eyrich-Garg KM, Pollio DE, North CS. Problem gambling and homelessness: results from an epidemiologic study. J Gambl Stud . (2015) 31:533–45. doi: 10.1007/s10899-013-9435-0

50. Fond G, Boyer L, Boucekine M, Girard V, Loubière S, Lenoir C, et al. Illness and drug modifiable factors associated with violent behavior in homeless people with severe mental illness: results from the French Housing First (FHF) program. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry . (2019) 90:92–6. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.11.006

51. Reback CJ, Kamien JB, Amass L. Characteristics and HIV risk behaviors of homeless, substance-using men who have sex with men. Addict Behav . (2007) 32:647–54. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.06.008

52. Ivanich J, Welch-Lazoritz M, Dombrowski K. The relationship between survival sex and borderline personality disorder symptoms in a high risk female population. Int J Environ Res Public Health . (2017) 14:1031. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14091031

53. Houston E, Sandfort TG, Watson KT, Caton CL. Psychological pathways from childhood sexual and physical abuse to HIV/sexually transmitted infection outcomes among homeless women: the role of posttraumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder symptoms. J Health Psychol . (2013)18:1330–40. doi: 10.1177/1359105312464674

54. Fletcher JB, Reback CJ. Antisocial personality disorder predicts methamphetamine treatment outcomes in homeless, substance-dependent men who have sex with men. J Subst Abuse Treat . (2013) 45:266–72. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2013.03.002

55. Fletcher JB, Reback CJ. Mental health disorders among homeless, substance-dependent men who have sex with men. Drug Alcohol Rev . (2017) 36:555–9. doi: 10.1111/dar.12446

56. Bennett WR, Joesch JM, Mazur M, Roy-Byrne P. Characteristics of HIV positive patients treated in a psychiatric emergency department. Psychiatr Serv . (2009) 60:398–401. doi: 10.1176/ps.2009.60.3.398

57. Mainville CH, Richardson MA, Brady SM, Berger-Greenstein J, Bacic J. HIV risk, substance use, and personality characteristics among adults with history of serious mental illness. Behav Med . (2017) 43:165–75. doi: 10.1080/08964289.2017.1301874

58. Crawford DM, Trotter EC, Hartshorn KJ, Whitbeck LB. Pregnancy and mental health of young homeless women. Am J Orthopsychiatry . (2011) 81:173–83. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.2011.01086

59. Welch-Lazoritz ML, Whitbeck LB, Armenta BE. Characteristics of mothers caring for children during episodes of homelessness. Community Ment Health J . (2015) 51:913–20. doi: 10.1007/s10597-014-9794-8

60. Himsworth C, Paudyal P, Sargeant C. Risk factors for unplanned hospital admission in a specialist homeless general practice population: case-control study to investigate the relationship with tri-morbidity. Br J Gen Pract . (2020) 70:e406–11. doi: 10.3399/bjgp20X710141

61. Pollio DE, North CS, Thompson S, Paquin JW, Spitznagel EL. Predictors of achieving stable housing in a mentally ill homeless population. Psychiatr Serv . (1997) 48:528–30. doi: 10.1176/ps.48.4.528

62. Dauriac-Le Masson V, Mercuel A, Guedj MJ, Douay C, Chauvin P, Laporte A. Mental healthcare utilization among homeless people in the greater Paris area. Int J Environ Res Public Health . (2020) 4:8144. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17218144

63. Justus AN, Burling TA, Weingardt KR. Client predictors of treatment retention and completion in a program for homeless veterans. Subst Use Misuse . (2006) 41:751–62. doi: 10.1080/10826080500411353

64. Olesek KL, Outcalt J, Dimaggio G, Popolo R, George S, Lysaker PH. Cluster B personality disorder traits as a predictor of therapeutic alliance over time in residential treatment for substance use disorders. J Nerv Ment Dis . (2016) 204:736–40. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000000553

65. Marks SA, Moczygemba LR, Gatewood SBS, Osborn RD, Wallace N, Lakhani S, et al. The relationship between medication-related problems and behavioural health condition among patients served by a health care for the homeless centre. J Pharm Health Serv Res . (2012) 3:173–8. doi: 10.1111/j.1759-8893.2012.00091.x

66. Dunne E, Duggan M, O'Mahony J. Mental health services for homeless: patient profile and factors associated with suicide and homicide. Ir Med J . (2012) 105:71–4.

PubMed Abstract | Google Scholar

67. Barreto E, Cockersell P. Attachment, trauma and homelessness. Ment Health Soc Incl . (2024) 28:30–41. doi: 10.1108/MHSI-06-2023-0066

68. Pontes Silva R, Gama Marques J. The homeless, seizures, and epilepsy: a review. J Neural Transm . (2023) 130:1281–9. doi: 10.1007/s00702-023-02685-8

69. Gans JS. Difficult topics in group psychotherapy: my journey from shame to courage . Abingdon: Routledge (2010).

Keywords: homeless, personality, psychiatry, psychology, psychopathology, mental health

Citation: Henriques-Calado J and Gama Marques J (2024) Homeless people: a review of personality disorders. Front. Psychiatry 15:1362723. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1362723

Received: 28 December 2023; Accepted: 22 April 2024; Published: 08 May 2024.

Reviewed by:

Copyright © 2024 Henriques-Calado and Gama Marques. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

*Correspondence: Joana Henriques-Calado, [email protected]

Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Advertisement

Supported by

Skewering Leftist Excess With Mockery and Sneers

In “Morning After the Revolution,” an attack on progressive activism, the journalist Nellie Bowles relies more on sarcasm than argument or ideas.

• Share full article

By Laura Kipnis

Laura Kipnis is the author, most recently, of “Love in the Time of Contagion: A Diagnosis.”

MORNING AFTER THE REVOLUTION: Dispatches From the Wrong Side of History, by Nellie Bowles

Activists! Attention-grabbing grifters, making everything worse by thinking the world could be better. What’s to be done but slay them with mockery? This is the general project of Nellie Bowles’s “Morning After the Revolution ,” a slim collection of polemical reportage that I suspect is meant to be courageous stuff, also funny. Why, Bowles demands, does politics have to be so “deathly serious”?

Formerly a reporter for The New York Times, Bowles quit in 2021 as the paper’s newsroom, she writes, was devolving into a monoculture of utopian progressivism, “so sure everyone was good, except of course, conservatives, who were very very bad and whose politics only come from hate.”

I sense that Bowles is trying to channel Tom Wolfe, who skewered liberal pretension in high style, often by slipping stealthily into his subjects’ points of view. But where Wolfe was a precision-guided stiletto, Bowles is more of a dull blade, ridiculing her former colleagues by saddling them with laughably vacuous thoughts and dreams — their “beautiful vision of the role of journalism for such a beautiful time,” for instance. What twits!

“Morning After the Revolution” transports us to the heady days of 2020 and 2021 when protesters massed coast to coast demanding social change: Black Lives Matter, Seattle’s “autonomous zone,” police abolition marches. But it’s activists for the homeless who really gall Bowles, especially after she buys a house in a gentrifying Los Angeles neighborhood of multimillion-dollar properties. A 200-person homeless encampment had recently sprung up in a nearby park; private security costs her nearly $4,000 a year.

Cue the organizers, opportunists and socialists who think “homelessness is a tool of the revolution” — a chance to show the world what a community operating outside the capitalist system might look like, not a problem to be fixed with something simple, such as housing. One activist is from a well-off family and drives a BMW! When the park was finally cleared by the city, 180 pounds of excrement had to be shoveled out, she reports, nose wrinkled. Bowles, who says that she has “always voted yes on every homeless housing supplement I come across,” wishes the unhoused could just have better manners — be less rowdy, perhaps more constipated. More like middle-class homeowners.

Worse than the L.A. activists are their San Francisco counterparts, whom Bowles blames for abetting fentanyl deaths with their empathy-driven progressivism, and driving up homelessness. The issue Bowles seems reluctant to take up is income inequality, even though a major story in the period she’s covering was the $26 trillion in new wealth funneled to the world’s richest 1 percent. When inequality rises, so does homelessness, which seems unfair to pin on progressives. Nor were they the ones who decided that deinstitutionalizing the mentally ill was a great idea. That would be Ronald Reagan .

I was intrigued to learn that Bowles was once an activist herself: a high school crusader for gay rights who has since married a woman. She acknowledges being the beneficiary of a previous generation’s progressivism, and her vestigial liberal heart still occasionally bleeds; she reports tearing up during an antiracism workshop. It’s the crazy activism she’s against — you know, the “fringe” stuff.

By fringe, she means trans. She’s peeved that some trans women are trying to redefine feminism in ways that seem to her to be anti-woman, resents that lesbians risk being erased by trendy all-purpose queerness and fears that as a married lesbian mother she will have her own rights swept away by anti-trans backlash. Given the Dobbs decision, all precedents are possibly imperiled, but the culprit isn’t transgender-rights activists. It’s the religious right and the Supreme Court, both of which get a pass from Bowles, as do Donald Trump and every elected Republican.

I was, of course, eager to read good gossip about The Times. The best nugget: After Bowles started dating a “known liberal dissident” at the paper (the former opinion writer Bari Weiss, whom she wed and now works with at The Free Press , the media company Weiss founded), she says an editor Bowles was friendly with asked how she could be doing this. “She’s a Nazi,” the editor exclaimed about Weiss, which I take to mean he disagreed with Weiss’s politics. Despite Bowles’s own penchant for political gibes — frequently hyperbolic and in questionable taste — she felt hurt.

Her most serious charge is that the editor thought her story ideas weren’t as good after that. The obvious question is whether her heterodox turn has conferred much benefit when it comes to ideas. The ones on display here seem pretty shopworn. I recall admiring a sharp-elbowed profile of the psychologist and anti-identity politics commentator Jordan Peterson that Bowles wrote early in her Times tenure. Nothing in this book hits that level.

Bowles’s rationale for returning us to the early 2020s, she explains in her conclusion, is that the ideas embraced by activists at the time have since become the operating principles of big business and mainstream institutions. To the extent that this is true, what accounts for it? The term “ woke capitalism ” might be a place to start: Who benefits from social-justice window dressing? Who are the useful stooges? Where does the actual power lie?

What’s frustrating about Bowles’s book is that there are usually better arguments in support of her case than the ones she bothers to make. She seems to be trying to say that the left needs to adopt elements of liberalism — a more robust defense of free speech — and to ditch the moral authoritarians. (Many leftists would agree.)

But the book’s central fallacy is that idiocy on the left requires moving to the right. It doesn’t. It’s eminently possible for people with brains to make distinctions and stick to their principles, if they have any. And, by the way, you’re not going to find any fewer authoritarians and idiots by switching sides.

MORNING AFTER THE REVOLUTION : Dispatches From the Wrong Side of History | By Nellie Bowles | Thesis | 242 pp. | $30

Explore More in Books

Want to know about the best books to read and the latest news start here..

As book bans have surged in Florida, the novelist Lauren Groff has opened a bookstore called The Lynx, a hub for author readings, book club gatherings and workshops , where banned titles are prominently displayed.

Eighteen books were recognized as winners or finalists for the Pulitzer Prize, in the categories of history, memoir, poetry, general nonfiction, fiction and biography, which had two winners. Here’s a full list of the winners .

Montreal is a city as appealing for its beauty as for its shadows. Here, t he novelist Mona Awad recommends books  that are “both dreamy and uncompromising.”

The complicated, generous life  of Paul Auster, who died on April 30 , yielded a body of work of staggering scope and variety .

Each week, top authors and critics join the Book Review’s podcast to talk about the latest news in the literary world. Listen here .

Elections Today

Recent projections, delegate tracker, maryland, west virginia and nebraska primaries 2024: alsobrooks beats trone, gop incumbents survive, teen walks at graduation after completing doctoral degree at 17.

Dorothy Jean Tillman II was 10 when she entered college as a freshman.

A teenager from Chicago walked in her graduation ceremony this month after earning her doctoral degree at 17.

Dorothy Jean Tillman II told " Good Morning America " that she was homeschooled in her early years before entering college at age 10.

In 2020, she said she earned a Master of Science degree, and then, one year later, at age 15, was accepted into the Doctorate of Behavioral Health Management program at Arizona State University.

In December 2023, at 17, Tillman successfully defended her dissertation to earn her doctoral degree in integrated behavioral health from ASU's College of Health Solutions.

On May 6, she walked at ASU's spring commencement ceremony.

Tillman told "GMA" she has always held education in such high regard in part due to her family's background.

"People in my life like my grandmother, who was part of the Civil Rights movement, she of course harped on the importance of education and consistently learning something always," Tillman said. "But the way I always held education so high on my own, aside from being raised that way, was finding different things to be educated about."

She continued, "I feel like that urge to learn something new just never didn't exist for me."

Teen who battled leukemia and homelessness as a child graduates college at 18

Dr. Lesley Manson, a clinical associate professor at ASU, told "GMA" that Tillman is the youngest person in school history to earn a doctoral degree in integrated behavioral health.

Manson said she oversaw Tillman's dissertation for the doctoral program offered through ASU Online.

Popular Reads

New portrait of King Charles draws mixed reactions

• May 14, 1:51 PM

Man's body found in Grand Canyon National Park

• May 14, 4:36 AM

DOJ says judge should send Bannon to prison

• May 14, 8:57 AM

During her studies, Tillman wrote a journal article of her dissertation and completed an internship at a university student health center, according to Manson.

"She really led change and worked on different forms of management to really reduce healthcare stigma and improve that student population there to be able to enter and accept student health services," she said of Tillman. "It was wonderful to see her and help her navigate some of those personal and professional interactions and grow through those experiences."

Manson described Tillman as an "inquisitive" and "innovative" student, and emphasized just how rare it is to accomplish what she has so far.

"It's a wonderful celebration ... but this is still something so rare and unique," she said. "She has innovative ideas and motivation, which is wonderful, and truly, I think what is inspiring is that she embodies that meaning of being a true leader."

Manson said she hopes Tillman continues to inspire people with her love of learning, saying, "That curiosity is always there, and I think all learners come with that, but it's great to be able to see it in someone so young as well."

Her inspiration and how she gives back to community

Tillman said her own journey wouldn't be possible without the support of her mom, who she said is one of her biggest motivators.

"Seeing my mother consistently work so hard to continuously uphold our family's legacy, and be that person that everyone was able to go to, if they needed anything ... always seeing [her] like [a] 'wonder woman' definitely made me want to grow up [into] an accomplished person," she said.

An advocate for education, Tillman is also the founder and CEO of a leadership institute that emphasizes the arts and STEM.

"I feel like adding art and putting a focus on it throughout science, technology, engineering and math makes the kids excited to learn all those things," she said. "And it opens them up to all of the possibilities and all the knowledge provided in that area of just STEM."

'Super dad' graduates with master's while working 3 jobs

As for her plans after graduation, Tillman said she is "just like any other teenager, still figuring out what my specific dreams and goals are."

"I'm really just grateful that the world is my oyster, and that I've done so much so young," she said. "And I have time to kind of think that through."

Tillman added that she hopes young people will take away from her story that it's OK to continually figure out what you want to do in life.

"Always remember that everyone has points in their life where they feel like they're figuring it out," she said. "And so figuring things out, not knowing what you want isn't a bad thing. But making the choice not to sit down and try to figure it out is."

Editor's note: This story has been updated with additional quotes from Tillman since its original publish date of May 13, 2024.

US skier Johnson banned over anti-doping rules

• May 14, 7:44 AM

Melinda French Gates resigns from Gates Foundation

• May 13, 6:34 PM

ABC News Live

24/7 coverage of breaking news and live events

College of Social Work

Main navigation, dean osteen to the class of 2024.

Philip Osteen, PhD Dean & Professor

It is an understatement to say that the last year has been challenging for many of us here today. Many of these challenges are unique and personal, whereas others have arisen at the College, across the state, and throughout the nation. But we are not daunted by the challenges we face. Rather, we stand firm when called on to do so, and go boldly into the unknown when needed, with courage rooted in the core values and ethics of our profession, so that we can lay the path for those who follow.

I often reflect on why I chose to become a social worker, and then an educator and researcher, and ultimately the dean of this incredible College. And it always comes back to the deep calling I have to be of service to others. My dissertation, from a long, long time ago, explored this issue with hundreds of social work students around the country. Everyone had their own unique reasons, as I am sure everyone here today does. But throughout these many stories was the consistent message that service is the heart of social work. Which is why I often refer to social work as a noble calling. We did not come here to become wealthy (and if you did, I have some unfortunate news for you…). We did not come here for recognition or accolades. We came because each of us, on some level, was called to be of service. That, above all else, is what it means to be a social worker.

When I reflect upon my journey as a social worker, I am filled with deep gratitude. I am grateful for the opportunity to go to school and to acquire the knowledge and skills necessary to be an effective social worker. I am grateful to the many individuals and families who placed their trust in me and allowed me to be part of their journey toward recovery and healing. I am grateful for the mentors, colleagues, and teachers who shaped my understanding of the world and pushed me to become a reflexive and critical thinker. And I am grateful to you, our students—our graduates—who inspire me and give me purpose and meaning though this work. And finally, I am grateful to be part of a profession that grounds me in core ethics and values that challenge me to be my best, not for me, but for others, calls me to advocacy and activism, and inspires me to believe that together, we will accomplish great things. I truly hope that when you think about your journey, you are also filled with gratitude and proud to be a part of this amazing profession.

I have witnessed, firsthand, the power of your advocacy and activism, and I am inspired when I see you bring to life the values and ethics of social work. The choices you make and the actions you engage in have real impact in the world. As I have watched the class of 2024 over the past two years, I have seen, time and time again, your commitment to a better society. Through education, research, and community engagement, you bring the mission of the College of Social Work to life—the mission to alleviate human suffering, enhance wellbeing, and promote social justice.

In the Social Justice Seminar: Engaging Organizations and Communities in Social Change, students are asked to address a community concern they identify. Past projects have included building a well to provide running water on a reservation, and connecting immigrants with culturally competent mental health services. In Fall 2023, a group of three MSW students collaborated on a project to create safer and more inclusive school environments in Utah by training school social workers in restorative justice practices that address incidents of bullying. The student team developed an informational flyer, presented to 24 social workers in the Alpine School District, and set up a booth in April for the district’s mental health night. Often change happens in incremental steps, and the students in this team diligently worked to create materials that can transcend the semester-long project, and effect long-lasting change in the lives of kids who are bullied every day. 

An annual highlight in the Social Policy course is the writing and submission of opinion articles, for which students are asked to exercise their right to free speech by developing an op-ed on a social welfare policy topic that they submit to a news outlet. In fall of 2023 alone, 16 student op-eds were published in local newspapers. In these pieces, students reflected on their experiences as social work students—sometimes including their own lived experience perspectives—with topics ranging from the rights of transgender and non-binary persons, to advocacy for reproductive health and choice, to ways to build law enforcement capacity to work with community members with autism. The students appealed to local and national audiences to pay attention, speak up, and become involved in these important causes.

Our BSW students also tackle problems on all levels—and they’ve proven particularly adroit this year at zeroing in on issues large and small that need addressing. They lead the annual Officers Hollow Halloween event that brings hundreds of community children and their families to campus for a safe, fun-filled, costume-rich Saturday each October. And this year the BSW Student Association gathered supplies and put together harm reduction kits for a Salt Lake Harm Reduction Project focused on public health service.

There are many, many more examples of this impressive work—certainly a story for every student here today. But I hope this sampling provides a bigger picture of the richness and complexity of your contributions. Whether on campus or in the community, whether through the written word in publications or the spoken word with clients and agencies, we are proud of the collective actions of our students.

Students—graduates—and soon to be colleagues: it will always be important to stand up for the values and ethics of the social work profession. And you’ve demonstrated you are up to the challenge.

Of course, there will inevitably be times when advocacy doesn’t work—or doesn’t work the way we want, or doesn’t work at first try. Does that mean we give up? Absolutely not.

As Martin Luther King, Jr. said: “The arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends towards justice.” And you are all part of the progress. Through your actions—in the classroom and beyond—you have:

• Inspired community members and clients to consider different perspectives;
• Led faculty and staff to think of new ways to provide support for future students;
• Influenced the way College leadership considers ideas and responds to them; and
• Changed the way University administration will manage and communicate about potentially controversial events on campus.

I encourage you to also think about how we fit in with the diverse array of disciplines that impact our world.

Our colleagues in architecture and planning focus on the creation of meaningful spaces and structures, as we work with those without housing.

Our colleagues in science engage in groundbreaking research to unravel the mysteries of life and the universe, and we engage in rigorous research to understand the practices most likely to benefit our clients and communities.

Our colleagues in engineering create some of the finest and most exciting technologies in the world, and we work to bridge the gap to ensure that underserved peoples and communities have access to these advances.

Our colleagues in business serve as catalyst for entrepreneurial creations and sound business and financial practices, and we work with poor, financially vulnerable, and under resourced peoples and communities.

Our colleagues in humanities seek to understand the nuances of cultural issues, the human experience, and the power of words and ideas, and we engaged in the challenging process of critical self-reflection of our own culture and experiences so that we can be more effective social workers.

I could list so many more examples, but my point is that wherever you find people, you will find social workers. There are no issues impacting society that we don’t engage with.

And as evidenced by these examples, we stand on the fundamental truth that together, we are better.

interACTION Blog

Blog archive.

• All 2024 (4)
• All 2023 (20)
• All 2022 (15)
• All 2021 (22)
• All 2020 (16)
• All 2019 (14)
• All 2018 (22)
• All 2017 (13)
• All 2016 (6)
• All 2015 (9)

Search form

Seven yalies to hone leadership skills as knight-hennessy scholars.

Top row, from left, Daviana Berkowitz-Sklar, Tilly Brooks, and Gabe Malek. Second row, Qusay Omran, Henry Smith, Lina Volin, and Barkotel Zemenu.

A Yale College senior and six Yale alumni are among 90 scholars from 30 countries to be named Knight-Hennessy Scholars at Stanford University. The scholars were selected for their independent thought, leadership, and civic-mindedness.

At Stanford, the cohort will pursue graduate degrees in 45 degree programs across all seven schools.

Knight-Hennessy Scholars is a multidisciplinary, multicultural graduate scholarship program that helps develop future leaders. The scholars receive up to three years of financial support to pursue graduate studies at Stanford while also engaging in experiences that prepare them to tackle global challenges.

The seven Yale affiliates named to the 2024 cohort of Knight-Hennessy scholars follows:

Daviana Berkowitz-Sklar ’23, who studied ecology and evolutionary biology as an undergraduate at Yale College, will pursue a Ph.D. in oceans at the Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability. Raised in Costa Rica and California, Berkowitz-Sklar aspires to develop collaborative, science-based solutions to improve the health of ecosystems and the people who depend on them. She is interested in marine spatial ecology and socio-ecological systems and has conducted research in Costa Rican fishing communities with the DynaMAR Project at Stanford. She was awarded a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship as well as a Yale postgraduate fellowship to research whale migrations at OKEANOS-University of the Azores and a Rohr Reef Resilience Fellowship to study coral reef resilience at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama. Berkowitz-Sklar is the co-founder and president of a nonprofit organization, Nature Now International, through which she leads programs to engage youth in community-based science and conservation, including hands-on work with wildlife, citizen science, and STEM education.

Tilly Brooks  ’23, who was a linguistics major as a Yale College undergraduate, will concurrently pursue a Ph.D. in linguistics at Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences and a J.D. at Yale Law School. Brooks, who is from New Haven, studied Indo-European philology at Yale before discovering an interest in action-based research and the relationship between language and law. Focusing both on the effects of law and policy decisions on marginalized linguistic communities and the application of linguistic theories, research methods, and tools to interpretive legal processes, she researches what she calls “the law of language and the language of law.” In the long term, Brooks aims to draw communities of legal scholars, linguists, and legal practitioners together with the common goals of advancing linguistic justice in the practice of law, and refining the use of linguistic evidence and tools for law and policy purposes.

Gabe Malek ’20, who was a double major in American studies and anthropology at Yale, will pursue a J.D. at Stanford Law School. He aspires to leverage commercial law, financial regulation, and tax policy to accelerate the clean energy transition. Malek has served as chief of staff at Fervo Energy, a next-generation geothermal power developer, and deputy chief of staff to Mark Carney, co-chair of the Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero and former governor of the Bank of England. He began his career at Environmental Defense Fund, where he helped formalize and scale the organization’s investor engagement strategy. At Yale, Malek received the Edward Sapir Prize for his research on international climate finance and the Institute for Social and Policy Studies Director’s Fellowship for his commitment to public service.

Qusay Omran ’21, who studied chemistry as an undergraduate at Yale College, will pursue an M.D. and Ph.D. in genetics at Stanford School of Medicine. He aspires to develop innovative therapies for cancers and immunologic disorders through research in chemical and synthetic biology. In college, he studied nucleic acid chemical biology at Yale and the National Cancer Institute, publishing his senior thesis on a novel self-splicing assay. Omran also led the Yale Review of International Studies, where he edited and published academic essays on global affairs solicited from around the world. Originally from Bahrain, Omran is a passionate advocate for displaced populations. He worked at Havenly, a nonprofit dedicated to breaking the cycle of poverty for refugee women. He earned a Dwight Hall Community Response Fellowship and the Berkeley College Fellows’ Prize for his contributions to the greater community.

Henry Smith  ’22, who was a double major in mathematics and statistics at Yale, is pursuing a Ph.D. in statistics at Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. Through his Ph.D., Smith, who is from Hanover, Pennsylvania, aims to improve statistical understanding of machine learning algorithms so they can be more confidently applied across various domains. After graduating from Yale, he spent a year conducting research at the University of Cambridge, where he and a team developed a novel machine learning algorithm to solve a challenging problem in multi-drone flight. At Yale, Smith served as a leader of the Yale Votes Coalition to strengthen university voting policy and managed data for numerous political campaigns. He also spent three years preparing taxes for low-income New Haven residents. At Yale, Smith received the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship, an award for the best undergraduate thesis, and Yale’s Emerson Tuttle award for scholastic achievement.

Lina Volin ’19, who studied history at Yale, is pursuing a J.D. at Stanford Law School. Volin, who is from Hollywood, Florida, also holds a Master of Science degree in modern Middle Eastern studies from the University of Oxford. She aspires to advance access to health care and improve health outcomes through policymaking that centers equity and addresses intersecting social, economic, and legal issues. For three years, she served at the White House Gender Policy Council, most recently as director for health policy, where she worked on policy development and litigation response related to reproductive rights and helped to launch a new White House initiative aimed at closing critical research gaps in women’s health. Volin previously served as the council’s chief of staff and led efforts to advance pay equity and strengthen worker protections.

Barkotel Zemenu , an intensive physics major will graduate from Yale College this month, will pursue a Ph.D. in physics at Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. Zemenu, who is from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, has conducted in research on three continents, including work that has spanned particle physics, quantum gravity, and observational astronomy. At Stanford, he plans to leverage this background to investigate fundamental questions in cosmology, with a focus on the elusive neutrinos and the hidden dark sector. As a Yale undergraduate, Zemenu was selected to join the 73rd Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting in Physics, named Top Oral Presenter at the annual international conference hosted by the American Physical Society, and awarded multiple national scholarships by the American Institute of Physics. At Yale, he enjoyed being a physics tutor and studying numerous foreign languages.

Campus & Community

Perinatal substance use may shape how strongly mothers feel toward infants

Rebecca Kramer-Bottiglio wins NSF Alan T. Waterman Award

Bringing mobile health services to veterans experiencing homelessness

‘Anthem of Praise’: A salute to Richard Smallwood

• Show More Articles

Two Graduating Rollins Students Awarded Heart of Emory

By Shelby Crosier

In mid-April, Emory Campus Life hosted the 2024 Student Organization & Achievement Recognition Awards , which recognize outstanding service from student leaders across campus. The highest honor of the night is the Heart of Emory award, an award given to three undergraduate and three graduate students who represent the best of Emory.

The Heart of Emory award recognizes student leaders who contribute to a flourishing community on campus and who create “a legacy through connection, creativity and, a commitment to social justice.” This year, two of the three graduate recipients were Rollins students: Cameron Goetgeluck, of the Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health; and Alanna Aboulafia, of the Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences.

Cameron Goetgeluck

Goetgeluck’s longtime interest in biology and emergency management transformed into a passion for public health during the COVID-19 pandemic. While working in vaccine access and infection control projects, including at Super Bowl LV, he realized that he enjoyed population-based health and decided to pursue an MPH at Rollins.

“I came to Rollins to pursue my master's in environmental health and epidemiology,” he says. “That way I could see how infectious diseases can impact a whole population, but also specifically how the environment could come into play and how the animal and human interface impacts that.”

In addition to completing coursework and conducting research to track antimicrobial resistance using wastewater, Goetgeluck threw himself into a variety of student leadership positions. As one of two Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health representatives in the Rollins Student Government Association (RSGA), he dedicated himself to creating opportunities for students and faculty to connect outside of the classroom. He also served as co-president of the Student Outbreak Response Team for a year and a half, helping to establish partnerships with both local medical reserve corps units and the CDC that engage students in real-world outbreak response efforts.

Goetgeluck centered community engagement and social justice in everything he did at Rollins—both on campus and off. Receiving the Heart of Emory award has only cemented his commitment to these values.

“It’s nice to be recognized for having a voice and standing for what I believe in, but I also think it's good to recognize that the award does not mean everything,” he says. “There are so many students contributing around our campus and around Rollins to so many different activities, from social justice to various research projects. What this award means to me is that I will continue to stand on the values that the award says that it's for, and that includes social justice.”

Alanna Aboulafia

For as long as she can remember, Aboulafia has been involved in community and social justice work. According to her, this is a fundamental piece of her which guides everything she does.

“What community work looked like for me when I was really young was putting together hygiene kits and go bags for people who were experiencing homelessness,” she says. “When I was older, probably 9 or 10, my mom allowed me and my sister to go with her to distribute these bags. That really sparked my particular interest and passion in working with people who are experiencing homelessness.”

She continued to volunteer with people experiencing homelessness in Baltimore (where she is from) throughout her adolescence and young adulthood. It was her passion for working with this population that eventually led her to pursue her MPH at Rollins.

Aboulafia’s commitment to social justice continued to flourish during her time as a student. She served on RSGA as the diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) co-chair, where she led efforts to increase DEI conversations, initiatives, and transparency at the school. This included organizing educational and awareness events, hosting tabling days to get student feedback, and creating a framework for RSGA members to be trained on how to have critical conversations about DEI. She also created the first RSGA DEI handbook, which she notes is to “ensure that all members within and outside of the Rollins community have access to information about the DEI committee such as how we operate, our current structure, and the overall purpose of the committee.”

Outside of her official role in RSGA, Aboulafia has consistently gone above and beyond to create a sense of community not just within Rollins, but across schools and colleges at Emory. It is important to her to reach out and form personal connections with people across the university and learn their stories. This also extends outside of Emory to the greater Atlanta community, where Aboulafia is a member of the local chapter of Jewish Voice for Peace.

To Aboulafia, this award is a perfect representation of the work she has dedicated her life to.

“It was an overwhelming honor to receive this award, and I felt an immense sense of gratitude to even be considered,” she says. “For me, it is meaningful and valuable to just do the work and have that work be recognized and appreciated by those around me and those who are impacted by it. It's another thing to be recognized on Emory's stage. It feels like this award is fitting for the person that I am, and not only the actions and the deliverables that I've done, but also who I am to my core.”

Associated Topics:

• Awards and Distinctions
• Rollins Community
• Student Life
• Rollins News
• In the Media
• Rollins Experts