problem solving 101 bahasa indonesia pdf

About the Book

About the Author

CLASS #1: Problem-Solving Kid Basics

CLASS #2: Rock Bands and Root Causes

CLASS #3: Fishy Goals and Solid Achievements

CLASS #4: Football School Pros and Cons

PROBLEM-SOLVING TOOL BOXES:

Yes/No Tree

Problem-Solving Design Plan

Hypothesis Pyramid

Pros and Cons; Criteria and Evaluation

Acknowledgments

Problem Solving 101 started out as a simple guide to teach Japanese schoolchildren critical thinking skills. But it quickly became an international bestseller for readers of all ages, thanks to the powerful effectiveness of Ken Watanabe’s unique methods.

Full of useful diagrams and quirky drawings, Problem Solving 101 is packed with practical tools and techniques to train your brain to solve problems, create solutions and make faster, better decisions.

Simple enough for a high school student to understand but sophisticated enough for CEOs to apply to their most challenging problems, Problem Solving 101 has helped millions of people around the world to find successful solutions to even the toughest of problems.

Ken Watanabe grew up in Japan and studied in the United States at Yale and Harvard Business School. He was a management consultant at McKinsey & Company for 6 years. He is now the founder and CEO of his own education, entertainment and media company, Delta Studio. He lives in Tokyo.

what is your delta?

WHY PROBLEM SOLVING?

We all have to make decisions. Whether you’re a student, a parent, a businessperson, or the president of the United States, you face problems every day that need solving. The problems may vary. Maybe you need to pass a maths class, or decide where to live, or figure out how to improve your company’s bottom line. Maybe you want to lose some weight or simply get better at golf.

Whether the issue is big or small, we all set goals for ourselves, face challenges, and strive to overcome them. There’s a fundamental approach to solving these real-life problems, one that can consistently lead you to effective and satisfying solutions. And chances are, no one has ever bothered to show you how.

One of my missions in writing this book was to show everyone a simple way to deal with the problems they face in their everyday lives. But I wasn’t just trying to communicate a skill set. Being a problem solver isn’t just an ability; it’s a whole mind-set, one that drives people to bring out the best in themselves and to shape the world in a positive way. Rather than accepting the status quo, true problem solvers are constantly trying to proactively shape their environment. Imagine how different our world would be if leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., Eleanor Roosevelt, JFK, and Steve Jobs lacked this attitude.

I hope this book will help inspire both children and adults to develop this proactive mind-set by first tackling the problems in their own lives. Once you learn this simple way to solve the personal challenges you face every day, you just might see that your bigger dreams and accomplishments are also within your reach.

WHY I WROTE THIS BOOK

Before I wrote this book, I was a consultant for the global management consulting firm of McKinsey & Company. For six years I worked with major companies all over the world to help solve their business challenges using a straightforward yet powerful set of problem-solving tools.

These are tools that anyone can use. They don’t require complicated computer software or a room full of expert analysts. They’re simply approaches to broaden and organize one’s thinking about a problem, so that more possible solutions become clear.

In 2007 Japan’s prime minister made education his nation’s top agenda. As the country turned its focus to the educational system, I felt compelled to do my part. Although Japanese business leaders, educators, and politicians have long talked about the need for Japan to shift from “memorization-focused education” to “problem-solving-focused education,” no one had figured out a concrete and effective way to make this happen.

So I left McKinsey to write this book and to teach kids. My aim was to teach Japanese children how to think like problem solvers, to take a proactive role in their own education and in shaping their lives. I tried to frame the tools we used at McKinsey in a fun and approachable way, one that would show kids what a practical approach to problem solving could help them accomplish. Although I don’t claim to be any kind of expert on education, I hoped that the book would at least provide a starting point, one that would help shift the debate from whether we should teach problem solving to how we should go about teaching it.

Then a surprising thing happened: The book took off—and not just with kids. It first caught fire in the business segment, becoming Japan’s number one business best-seller in 2007. Then it spread through the education community and to a wider general audience. It turned out that adult readers in Japan, from parents and teachers to CEOs of major corporations, had been craving a simple and useful guide to problem-solving techniques.

Now I’m focusing on helping kids put Problem Solving 101 into practice. I think the experience kids get from having an idea, taking initiative, and learning from both their successes and their failures is what we have to put more emphasis on. So I’m creating more opportunities for them to learn more from real-life situations rather than just in the classroom.

When I work with kids, I don’t start by teaching the skills from Problem Solving 101 in a classroom. Instead, I let them learn the same way Warren Buffett did. Buffett got his first business experience when he was only six years old, buying Coke bottles from his grandfather’s store and selling them for a profit. The kids I work with get to run a food and drink business using a 1965 VW van I’ve renovated for use as a transportable shop. The kids decide what food and drinks to sell, where to sell, and how to compete against other teams by actually selling what they have cooked or prepared. The kids learn the importance of not just problem solving skills, but also leadership, teamwork, creativity, persistence, charm, and kaizen (continuous improvement) to make their vision come true. Only after this experience do I help them ask the important questions and provide them with the problem-solving tools that could help them with future projects.

The value of problem-solving-oriented thinking obviously extends far beyond the classroom into every facet of our lives. It enables us to take control of the challenges we encounter and to change the world in a positive way. My hope is that English-reading audiences will benefit from the book in the same way many Japanese readers have.

Best, Ken Watanabe

YOU’RE NEVER TOO OLD TO BECOME A PROBLEM-SOLVING KID

This is a book about kids solving problems. They face some pretty tricky challenges—the kinds of problems that might cause most people to throw up their hands and give up. But problem-solving kids aren’t like most people—even though most people should be more like them.

As you’ll see, problem-solving kids come in all ages, shapes, and sizes. They may seem to have special talents, or at least more than their fair share of luck. But the truth is, they’re people just like you, who have learned how to think, make decisions and act on their own, and to live proactive lives. They’ve also picked up some helpful problem-solving tools along the way.

If you follow the simple lessons in these pages, you too can become a problem-solving kid (even if you consider yourself a grown-up). Rather than feeling as though your life is out of your control, you can take charge and shape the world around you. Instead of being overwhelmed by the challenges you face every day, you can learn to enjoy them and overcome them.

In fact, you may even feel like a better person at the end of this course . Your dreams and goals will seem less out of reach. And you’ll be better able to accomplish whatever you’re passionate enough and imaginative enough to conceive and pursue.

It could be something as simple as becoming a better dancer or learning how to cook French cuisine. Or maybe it’s a bigger goal, like running for government or solving the global warming crisis. Whatever it is, you’ll learn how to tackle it.

Problem solving isn’t a talent limited to the lucky few. It’s actually a skill and a habit that you can learn. This book will introduce you to a basic problem-solving approach through three case studies:

• The Mushroom Lovers, a new band trying to improve their concert attendance numbers
• John Octopus, a bright young man with aspirations of becoming a computer graphics animator who needs to buy his first computer
• Kiwi, an aspiring football player looking for the best training school in Brazil

It will also give you a full toolbox of proven problem-solving techniques, the same techniques used by successful problem-solving people and companies all over the world. But before we start learning the problem-solving approach, let me introduce you to the problem-solving kids and their friends.

PROBLEM-SOLVING KIDS AND COMPANY

So by now you’re probably wondering what is it exactly that makes someone a problem-solving kid. First, let’s talk about what they’re not. There are several common attitudes that can get in the way of effective problem solving. While the following characters may sound like caricatures of real people, I bet these non-problem-solving kids also sound pretty familiar. Chances are you know people just like them at school or at work. Maybe they’re your friends or members of your family. Some of them may even remind you of yourself!

For instance, take Miss Sigh.

Miss Sigh is the kind of person who gives up immediately whenever she faces even the smallest challenge. She just sighs and says, “I’ll never be able to do that.” Which isn’t to say she couldn’t achieve things if she tried. Sometimes she has a great idea or notices a problem that can be fixed. But she’s terrified of failing and having people laugh at her. Instead of speaking up or taking action, she sits around feeling sorry for herself.

Miss Sigh can’t take control of her own life. She feels as though no one understands her, and she blames anything bad that happens on everybody else. Over and over, she says the same kinds of things:

• “I’ll never be able to do that. I’m just not that talented.”
• “I’m not going to try. What if I fail? Everyone will make fun of me!”
• “I blame my parents. I blame society. I blame you!”
• “Nobody understands me. Nobody cares about me. Everybody is out to get me.”

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Hardcover: 128 pages Publisher: Portfolio; 1 edition (March 5, 2009) Language: English ISBN-10: 9781591842422 ISBN-

13: 978-1591842422 ASIN: 1591842425 Product Dimensions: 5.6 x 0.6 x 8.5 inches

Book Description

The fun and simple problem-solving guide that took Japan by storm Ken Watanabe originally wrote Problem Solving 101

for Japanese schoolchildren. His goal was to help shift the focus in Japanese education from memorization to critical

thinking, by adapting some of the techniques he had learned as an elite McKinsey consultant. He was amazed to discover

that adults were hungry for his fun and easy guide to problem solving and decision making. The book became a surprise

Japanese bestseller, with more than 370,000 in print after six months. Now American businesspeople can also use it to

master some powerful skills. Watanabe uses sample scenarios to illustrate his techniques, which include logic trees and

matrixes. A rock band figures out how to drive up concert attendance. An aspiring animator budgets for a new computer

purchase. Students decide which high school they will attend. Illustrated with diagrams and quirky drawings, the book is

simple enough for a middleschooler to understand but sophisticated enough for business leaders to apply to their most

challenging problems.

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Problem Solving 101: A Simple Book for Smart PeopleDownload and Read online, DOWNLOAD EBOOK, [PDF EBOOK EPUB], Ebooks download, Read EBook/EPUB/KINDLE, Download Book Format PDF. Read with Our Free App Audiobook Free with your Audible trial, Read bookFormatPDF EBook, Ebooks Download PDF KINDLE, Download [PDF] and Readonline, Read book Format PDF EBook, Download [PDF] and Read OnlineFORMAT FILEebook, pdf, epub, mobi pocket, audiobook, txt, doc, ppt, jpeg, chm, xml, azw, pdb, kf8, prc, tpzBOOK DETAILAmazon Business : For business-only pricing, quantity discounts and FREE Shipping. Register a free business accountHardcover: 128 pages Publisher: Portfolio; 1 edition (March 5, 2009) Language: English ISBN-10: 9781591842422 ISBN-13: 978-1591842422 ASIN: 1591842425 Product Dimensions: 5.6 x 0.6 x 8.5 inchesBook DescriptionThe fun and simple problem-solving guide that took Japan by storm Ken Watanabe originally wrote Problem Solving 101for Japanese schoolchildren. His goal was to help shift the focus in Japanese education from memorization to criticalthinking, by adapting some of the techniques he had learned as an elite McKinsey consultant. He was amazed to discoverthat adults were hungry for his fun and easy guide to problem solving and decision making. The book became a surpriseJapanese bestseller, with more than 370,000 in print after six months. Now American businesspeople can also use it tomaster some powerful skills. Watanabe uses sample scenarios to illustrate his techniques, which include logic trees andmatrixes. A rock band figures out how to drive up concert attendance. An aspiring animator budgets for a new computerpurchase. Students decide which high school they will attend. Illustrated with diagrams and quirky drawings, the book issimple enough for a middleschooler to understand but sophisticated enough for business leaders to apply to their mostchallenging problems.

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• Zenius untuk Guru

Pembelajaran Pendekatan Pemecahan Masalah (Problem Solving) – Zenius untuk Guru

• Posted by by Zenius untuk Guru
• Mei 15, 2022

Bapak dan Ibu Guru, pasti pernah dong bermain teka-teki? Atau, justru sering memecahkannya untuk mengisi waktu luang?

Nggak hanya untuk hiburan Bapak dan Ibu Guru, teka-teki juga bisa digunakan di kelas, lho. Contohnya, sebelum memulai pelajaran IPA, kita bisa memberikan pertanyaan atau teka-teki yang merangsang pemikiran siswa. 

Nah, coba perhatikan teka-teki di bawah ini.  

Gigiku panjang, tapi juga pendek. Gigiku berakhir dengan cepat. Siapakah aku?

Dari teka-teki di atas, mintalah siswa untuk mencari jawabannya sendiri. Biarkan mereka berpikir kreatif dan berimajinasi akan kemungkinan jawabannya.

Kalau menurut Bapak dan Ibu Guru sendiri, kira-kira apa jawabannya? 

Iya, betul banget. Jawabannya adalah petir!

Setelah siswa berhasil menjawab, Bapak dan Ibu Guru bisa mengaitkan jawabannya dengan materi. Misalnya, materi tentang proses terjadinya petir atau fenomena listrik statis.

Wah, teka-teki menyenangkan juga, ya. Tapi, tahu nggak Bapak dan Ibu Guru? Teka-teki bisa bantu meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah atau problem solving , lho.

Teka-teki membantu kita untuk berpikir logis, menguji prediksi, memecahkan masalah, dan menggunakan penalaran Matematika. Bahkan, dengan bermain teka-teki, kemampuan kerjasama atau kolaborasi juga meningkat.

Sebab itu, teka-teki bisa jadi salah satu media dalam model pembelajaran pemecahan masalah. Meskipun awalnya membingungkan, teka-teki memaksa siswa untuk berpikir tentang cara menyederhanakan informasi. Inilah keterampilan yang bermanfaat untuk pemecahan masalah.

Selain teka-teki, apa saja kegiatan yang bisa dilakukan dalam pembelajaran pendekatan pemecahan masalah? Yuk, kita bahas bersama, Bapak dan Ibu Guru.

Apa yang Dimaksud Pemecahan Masalah?

Pastinya, kita sudah nggak asing lagi dengan yang namanya masalah. Karena, setiap individu dihadapkan dengan suatu permasalahan yang menuntut penyelesaian.

Contohnya, setelah lulus S1, saya ingin melanjutkan pendidikan S2. Tapi, biaya yang dibutuhkan nggak sedikit. Nah, penyelesaiannya adalah dengan saya tetap harus bekerja sambil berkuliah atau mencari beasiswa.

Dalam buku Belajar dan Pembelajaran, Teori dan Praktik (2015) dijelaskan bahwa pemecahan masalah adalah proses pemikiran dan pencarian jalan keluar. Macam-macam metode pemecahan masalah di antaranya lewat pengalaman masa lalu, berdasarkan firasat, trial and error , pemikiran ilmiah, dan secara rasional.

Dalam prosesnya, ada empat tahap yang dilalui seseorang untuk menyelesaikan masalah. Prosedur pemecahan masalah selengkapnya bisa dilihat di gambar berikut ini.

Lefudin dalam bukunya Belajar & Pembelajaran (2017) juga menyebutkan bahwa pemecahan masalah mempunyai strategi tersendiri. Beberapa di antaranya adalah melalui gambar atau diagram, menemukan pola, membuat tabel, memperhatikan semua kemungkinan secara sistematik, atau menebak dan memeriksa.

Lalu, bagaimana kaitannya pemecahan masalah ini dalam pembelajaran?

Baca Juga: Problem Based Learning, Belajar dari Masalah

Pemecahan Masalah dalam Pembelajaran

Nggak cuma ditemui dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, suatu persoalan dalam pembelajaran juga termasuk masalah yang harus diselesaikan. Jika sering dihadapkan pada suatu masalah di kelas, siswa akan terbiasa untuk mencari jalan keluarnya.

Menurut buku Metodologi Pengajaran (2016), pembelajaran pendekatan pemecahan masalah menggunakan kegiatan yang melatih siswa untuk menghadapi berbagai masalah agar dipecahkan sendiri atau bersama-sama. Di pendekatan ini, orientasi pembelajarannya adalah investigasi dan penemuan yang didasarkan pemecahan masalah.

Jadi, model pembelajaran ini memungkinkan siswa untuk mendapatkan pengalaman belajar dari proses penggunaan pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang sudah dimiliki untuk memecahkan masalah.

Baca Juga : Ragam Strategi Pembelajaran

Langkah-Langkah Model Pembelajaran Pemecahan Masalah

Untuk menerapkan pembelajaran pendekatan problem solving , ada beberapa langkah yang perlu dilakukan. Di antaranya:

• Merumuskan masalah , untuk mengetahui dan merumuskan masalah secara jelas. 
• Menelaah masalah , dengan menggunakan pengetahuan untuk merinci dan menganalisis masalah dari berbagai sudut.
• Merumuskan hipotesis , sehingga siswa bisa berimajinasi dan memahami ruang lingkup, sebab akibat, serta alternatif penyelesaian.
• Mengumpulkan dan mengelompokkan data sebagai bahan pembuktian hipotesis.
• Pembuktian hipotesis, dengan mengkaji dan membahas data.
• Menentukan penyelesaian masalah , melalui kegiatan penarikan kesimpulan dan memperhitungkan akibat yang terjadi.

Setelah memperhatikan langkah-langkahnya, kita juga harus memilih bahan pelajaran yang mempunyai permasalahan. Nggak terbatas dari buku sekolah saja, materi juga bisa didapatkan dari lingkungan sekolah atau peristiwa di masyarakat. 

Contohnya, masalah banjir yang terjadi di beberapa daerah di Indonesia. Selain menemukan solusi alternatif dari masalah ini, kita juga bisa mengajarkan siklus air, proses terjadinya hujan, pentingnya mendaur ulang sampah, dan menjaga lingkungan.

Menurut Gulo dalam Belajar dan Pembelajaran, Teori dan Praktik (2015), ada beberapa kriteria dalam memilih materi pelajaran, yaitu:

• Materi bersifat isu konflik atau kontroversial.
• Materi bersifat umum sehingga tidak asing dan mudah dipahami siswa.
• Materi pelajaran mendukung pengajaran dan sesuai dengan kurikulum sekolah.
• Materi mencakup kepentingan banyak orang dalam masyarakat.
• Materi pelajaran bisa mengembangkan kelas dan membantu mencapai tujuan pembelajaran.
• Materi menjamin kesinambungan pengalaman siswa.

Nah, selain materi pelajarannya, satu hal lagi yang nggak kalah penting. Bapak dan Ibu Guru perlu menggabungkan pendekatan pemecahan masalah dengan berbagai media pembelajaran.

Kalau ingin menggunakan media pembelajaran yang kreatif, Bapak dan Ibu Guru bisa baca informasinya di artikel 6 Tips Membuat Pembelajaran Kreatif .

Sekarang, mari kita lanjut membahas bagaimana menerapkan pemecahan masalah di kelas.

Baca Juga: Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning

Contoh Pembelajaran Problem Solving

Dalam memecahkan masalah, siswa perlu menganalisis materi, memahaminya, dan menarik kesimpulan. Karena itu, pendekatan pemecahan masalah mengharuskan siswa berperan aktif dan bisa berpikir kritis.

Nah, seperti yang saya sebutkan sebelumnya. Salah satu contoh pendekatan pemecahan masalah dalam pembelajaran IPA adalah menggunakan media teka-teki.

Menurut Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Dasar, Efektivitas Model Creative Problem Solving dengan Media Teka-Teki Silang Daun Terhadap Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar IPA Sekolah Dasar (2018), diketahui kalau teka-teki silang bisa meningkatkan aktivitas pembelajaran sebesar 82,3%. Penelitian ini juga menemukan kalau hasil belajar siswa lebih baik dibandingkan dengan model pemecahan masalah yang nggak menggunakan media teka-teki.

Tapi, nggak hanya pelajaran IPA saja, teka-teki juga bisa diterapkan untuk ilmu lain. Contohnya, model pembelajaran IPS SD dengan menggunakan pendekatan pemecahan masalah.

Wah, ternyata teka-teki bermanfaat banget dalam pembelajaran. Selain teka-teki dan kegiatan di kelas, Bapak dan Ibu Guru juga bisa mendorong kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa melalui buku atau film.

Kaitannya sama buku dan film, saya punya rekomendasi nih, Bapak dan Ibu Guru. Salah satu buku yang bisa mengembangkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah kita adalah Detective Conan (1994–sekarang). 

Disajikan dalam bentuk komik, Detective Conan mengajak kita untuk berpikir dan memecahkan kasus yang diceritakan. Penyampaiannya juga cukup ringan, tapi bisa meningkatkan rasa penasaran. 

Jadi, kita bisa sama-sama berlatih memecahkan masalah lewat komik Detective Conan . Kalau Bapak dan Ibu Guru atau siswa nggak begitu tertarik dengan komik, ada juga video animasi dan filmnya.

Selain tentang pemecahan masalah, ada juga rekomendasi buku terkait pendidikan lainnya yang bisa Bapak dan Ibu Guru baca. Klik tautan di bawah ini, ya!

Baca Juga : Rekomendasi Buku Bertema Pendidikan untuk Guru

Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Pembelajaran Pendekatan Masalah

Setiap hal ada kelebihan dan kekurangannya, termasuk pendekatan pembelajaran yang satu ini. 

Dalam menerapkan pembelajaran pendekatan pemecahan masalah, kelebihannya antara lain:

• Melatih siswa untuk mendesain suatu penemuan.
• Mengembangkan pemikiran dan tindakan kreatif.
• Siswa terbiasa untuk memecahkan masalah yang dihadapi secara realistis.
• Memudahkan siswa dalam mengidentifikasi dan melakukan penyelidikan.
• Siswa bisa menafsirkan dan mengevaluasi hasil pengamatan.
• Merangsang perkembangan kemajuan berpikir siswa untuk menyelesaikan masalah yang dihadapi dengan tepat.
• Membuat pengetahuan yang didapatkan di sekolah lebih relevan dengan kehidupan nyata.

Sementara itu, kekurangan dari model pembelajaran problem solving di antaranya:

• Sulitnya menerapkan metode ini untuk beberapa pokok bahasan.
• Membutuhkan waktu yang lebih lama dibandingkan metode pembelajaran yang lainnya.

Nah, dari kelebihan dan kekurangannya di atas, apakah Bapak dan Ibu Guru sudah menentukan? Kira-kira, ingin menggunakan pendekatan pemecahan masalah atau nggak di kelas?

Demikian penjelasan tentang pembelajaran pendekatan pemecahan masalah. Semoga artikel ini bisa membantu Bapak dan Ibu Guru dalam memilih pendekatan pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan kelas.

Selain memilih pendekatan pembelajarannya, Bapak dan Ibu Guru juga bisa memanfaatkan LMS (Learning Management System) Zenius untuk Guru. Ada ratusan video materi dan latihan soal yang bisa dibagikan ke siswa lewat kelas virtual. Penasaran? Langsung saja klik gambar di bawah ini!

Model Pembelajaran Problem Solving (Penjelasan Lengkap) – Serupa (2022)

Belajar & Pembelajaran, Dilengkapi dengan Model Pembelajaran, Strategi Pembelajaran, Pendekatan Pembelajaran dan Metode Pembelajaran – Lefudin (2017)

Efektivitas Model Creative Problem Solving dengan Media Teka-Teki Silang Daun Terhadap Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar IPA Sekolah Dasar – Erwin Putera Permana (2018)

Belajar dan Pembelajaran, Teori dan Praktik – M. Thobroni (2015)

Metodologi Pengajaran – Jumanta Hamdayama (2016)

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PENERAPAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA KELAS V SD

• Dewi Nurkhasanah SD Negeri Noborejo 01 Salatiga
• Wahyudi Wahyudi Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana
• Endang Indarini Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana

This study aims to describe the increase of critical thinking skills in learning Mathematics of fifth-grade students in SD N Noborejo 01 Argomulya sub-district, Salatiga. This study is a spiral action class study of the Mc. Taggart model which consists of 2 cycles, where each cycle has 4 stages, namely the stages of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting, however at the acting and observing stages were carried out at the same time. The data collection techniques carried out in this study were observation and tests. The instruments used were the observation sheet of teacher and student activities as well as a test sheet for students’ critical thinking skills. Data analysis was performed using comparative descriptive analysis, this was done by comparing the pre-cycle, cycle I and cycle II. The researcher determined the success indicator of 80% of students completing with the Minimum Criteria of Mastery Learning ≥ 70. The results showed that by applying the Problem Based Learning model students’ critical thinking skills in mathematics subjects can be improved, where it was shown that in the first cycle students’ critical thinking skills was 58.98% and in the second cycle, it increased to 97.44%. The number of students who completed the pre-cycle was 15 (38.5%) students, where it increased to 22 (56.4%) students in cycle I and increased again to 33 (84.6%) students in cycle II. The research can be said successful because it has reached a success indicator of 80% of all fifth-grade students who completed the Minimum Criteria of Mastery Learning ≥ 70. Based on these results, research with Problem Based Learning learning models can improve students’ critical thinking skills thus it influences student learning outcomes on the subject of mathematics.

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Problem Solving 101 started out as a simple guide to teach Japanese schoolchildren critical thinking skills. But it quickly became an international bestseller for readers of all ages, thanks to the powerful effectiveness of Ken Watanabe's unique methods. Full of useful diagrams and quirky drawings, Problem Solving 101 is packed with practical tools and brain training techniques that will improve your problem-solving and decision-making ability, and enable you to find better solutions faster. Simple enough for a high school student to understand but sophisticated enough for CEOs to apply to their most challenging problems, Problem Solving 101 has helped millions of people around the world to find successful solutions to even the toughest of problems. Once you've mastered the problem-solving skills in this book, you'll wonder how you ever got by without them.

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Unit 1: introduction to algebra, unit 2: solving basic equations & inequalities (one variable, linear), unit 3: linear equations, functions, & graphs, unit 4: sequences, unit 5: system of equations, unit 6: two-variable inequalities, unit 7: functions, unit 8: absolute value equations, functions, & inequalities, unit 9: quadratic equations & functions, unit 10: polynomial expressions, equations, & functions, unit 11: exponential & logarithmic functions, unit 12: radical equations & functions, unit 13: rational expressions, equations, & functions, unit 14: trigonometric functions, unit 15: algebraic modeling, unit 16: complex numbers, unit 17: conic sections, unit 18: series & induction, unit 19: vectors, unit 20: matrices.