stratford regeneration case study geography

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Detailed resources for pre-university Geography students

Case study: London Olympics 2012

By Matt Burdett, 17 January 2018

On this page, we look at the London Olympics of 2012 as a case study of the costs and benefits for one country hosting an international sports event.

Why was London chosen?

London competed with other cities to host the 2012 Olympics. It was chosen from nine cities, with five shortlisted to make formal bids (Paris, Madrid, Moscow, London, and New York). London won the final round, beating Paris by 54 votes to 50.

It seems likely that there was a political influence in the decision – such as the French president insulting the Finnish delegation by complaining about the quality of Finnish food. However, the criteria of the IOC included government support and public opinion, city infrastructure (such as transport), sports venues and experience, olympic village and accommodation, environmental impact and legacy, safety and security, and finance. The following factors were partly responsible for the success of the bid:

• Youth engagement in sport was one of the pillars of London’s bit
• Sustainability and ‘legacy’ were pillars of London’s bid
• Regeneration was emphasised as part of the bid: the IOC was shown photos of the derelict former industrial areas
• The UK government had decided to focus its Olympic bids on London after failing to win the Games in 1992, 1996 and 2000 with bids from Birmingham and Manchester (two other major UK cities)
• Gender and age issues: most of those who spoke in the Paris presentation were male and middle aged; the London presentation included children and represented a multicultural London
• Financial: the British government was ready to back any over-spend on the construction of Games facilities. The initial estimate of GBP2.2bn was totally wrong and the games eventually cost around GBP10bn!

A further issue was the very local focus of London’s bid. Rather than being simply shown as a city- or country-wide bid, it suggested that the Olympics would have a lasting tangible impact on a deprived area of London, called Stratford.

The choice of Stratford in London

The area chosen for the main Olympic facilities was a relatively deprived part of London:

The area was therefore identifiably in need of regeneration and expected to benefit from improvements to infrastructure that would mean:

• Location of main venue just seven minutes by train from Central London
• London’s bid was one of the most compact Olympic Parks – only about 2 ½ square kilometres, so minimal impact on land use in the area
• Sizeable available brownfield sites for redevelopment, as well as the green spaces of the Lower Lea Valley, so there would be opportunity for further growth
• Development of a major transport hub in the form of Stratford International Station
• The athlete’s village was planned to be converted into 2818 new homes, of which about 40% would be ‘affordable’ homes for low and middle income families and disabled people
• Emphasis on urban regeneration: the swimming pools were planned for conversion into public pools after the Games
• Suitable location for further post-Games industry e.g. the media centre, where 20,000 people worked during the Games, was planned for conversion into one of Europe’s largest data storage centres

The costs and benefits of hosting the Games

Whether the Games were cost-effective depends very much on the perspective of the individual. Socially there were many benefits (see below) but these were not always long-lived, and participation in sport has now returned to pre-2012 levels. Economically, the Games occurred during the recovery from the global financial crisis of 2008-10, and many people felt that the approximate cost of GBP10bn to be too high, despite the lasting benefits to the environment and the future of the economy. Over the total period of the Olympics, some sources suggest “the city brought in around US$3.5 billion in revenues, and spent in excess US$18 billion – a negative balance of $14 billion plus” (Zimbalist, 2015).

However, many people feel that the London Games were overall a success, and provided a benefit to the city. It should be remembered that London is already the world’s second most globalised city (Dessibourg, Hales, and Mendoza Peña, 2017) and has been in that position since the index began in 2008. London has great wealth and experience in putting on large events and is used to welcoming visitors from around the world, so it was organisationally capable of running the Olympics. Other cities have fared less well with the legacy of such complex and expensive events.

• Eventual cost nearly £10 billion paid for by lottery fund so other things lose out e.g. arts
• Massive construction scheme lasting years disrupts local communities
• Better image for London and East End
• New sports venues around London and elsewhere e.g. sailing in Weymouth
• The UK government invested GBP 300 million to transform the Olympic site into the “Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park”, which includes housing, new schools, health centres, business space and sports venues.
• The first Join In weekend (encouraging volunteerism as the profile was increased from volunteers at the Olympics), in August 2012, featured over 6,000 events.
• 9000 new homes in total
• The Olympic Village was converted into more than 2,800 flats in 11 residential plots, with spacious courtyards, gardens and balconies.
• Five new neighbourhoods are being established around the park to include 11,000 residences, one third of which will be affordable housing
• The London Olympic Athletes’ Village is the largest sustainable homes project in the UK.

Education and sports participation

• A new youth sport strategy for the UK invested GBP1bn in youth sport over the five years following the Games and created 6,000 new community sports clubs.
• The Department of Education provided GBP 65 million to encourage efforts by physical education teachers to organise competitive sports, embed best practice and train primary school teachers.
• The official London 2012 education programme “Get Set” operated over a four-year period across the UK providing flexible teaching resources for over 25,000 schools and 6.5 million young people to assist them in learning more about the London 2012 Games, the Olympic and Paralympic values and global citizenship. An impressive 85 per cent of UK schools signed up to this programme
• The Olympic and Paralympic Games inspired over 2,000 community projects designed to educate young people in the UK about sport, health & fitness, art and Olympic values.

Environmental and general infrastructure

• Some people lost homes, allotments, and areas for fishing
• Olympic Park ‘largest [new] urban park in Europe for 150 years’ (ODA, 2015)
• Prior to construction, the Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA, 2015) excavated and cleaned more than 2.3 million cubic metres of contaminated soil.
• Transport for London invested GBP 6.5 billion in transport infrastructure in preparation for the 2012 Games.
• Ten railway lines and 30 new bridges continue to connect London communities after the Games.
• The UK’s Home Office (the ministry of the interior) invested GBP 40 million in communications upgrades for London’s Underground, doubling radio capacity at key stations to help authorities deal with any emergency.
• At least 60 Games-related projects promoted greener travel, including a GBP 10 million investment to upgrade pedestrian and cycling routes across London.
• A fleet of 200 electric vehicles transported Olympians, supported by 120 charging stations that created the UK’s largest network of recharging points. The charging stations continue to support emission-free travel long after the Games
• More than 98 percent of the demolition waste from decrepit buildings that were torn down was recycled.
• Organisers helped develop 45 hectares of habitat, with a 10-year ecological management plan to encourage biodiversity.
• 300,000 plants were planted in the Olympic Park’s wetland area.
• Over 1,000 new trees were planted in East London.
• 380 businesses relocated away from park to make way for Olympics
• Cost of living in the area for poorer people will increase
• 3000 new jobs (ODA, 2015)
• Factoring in pre-Games construction and other early Games-related economic activity, an Oxford Economics study commissioned by the Lloyds banking group estimates that the Games will generate GBP 16.5 billion for the British economy from 2005 to 2017.
• During July and August 2012, visitors spent about GBP 760 million in the UK, averaging GBP 1,290 per person – almost double the normal amount.
• Expenditure from overseas visitors in August, including Games ticket sales, totalled GBP 4.5 billion
• 75 pence of every pound spent on the Olympics went towards providing a lasting legacy to East London residents.
• Independent experts said Games preparations were a major factor behind a 1.2 percent reduction in London’s unemployment rate in early 2012.
• More than 46,000 people worked on the Olympic Park and Olympic Village, 10 percent of whom were previously unemployed.
• The five Host Boroughs surrounding the Olympic Park provided nearly a quarter of the workforce throughout the project. For example, the Host Borough of Newham had 4,364 residents employed by LOCOG or by their contractors and a further 5,518 employed indirectly on the Games in the lead-up and at Games time.
• The (new) Westfield Stratford shopping centre houses 250 retailers, 70 dining establishments and represents a GBP 1.4 billion investment in East London.
• The Westfield Stratford shopping centre created 10,000 permanent new jobs from day one, including 2,000 for local people who were previously unemployed.

Anonymous, no date. Why was London chosen to host the 2012 Olympiad? https://www.rgs.org/NR/rdonlyres/1E506FE2-3179-439C-81F2-B43D0B97D058/0/CGT_NetRaising_8Olympicpresentation.pdf Accessed 17 January 2018.

Dessibourg, Hales, and Mendoza Peña, 2017. Global Cities 2017. https://www.atkearney.com/global-cities/full-report Accessed 17 January 2018.

Dugan, E. 2013. Olympics legacy: Did the Games succeed in rejuvenating East London? http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/olympics/olympics-legacy-did-the-games-succeed-in-rejuvenating-east-london-8711691.html Accessed 17 January 2018.

ODA [Olympic Delivery Authority], 2015. Olympic Delivery Authority 2006-2014 – final report. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/olympic-delivery-authority-report Accessed 17 January 2018.

Stevens, A. 2008. 2012 London Olympics to regenerate one of the poorest areas of the capital http://www.citymayors.com/sport/2012-olympics-london.html Accessed 17 January 2018.

Wihbey, J. 2016. Olympics and their economic impact: Updated research roundup. https://journalistsresource.org/studies/government/infrastructure-government/economic-and-cultural-benefits-of-the-olympics-research-roundup Accessed 17 January 2018.

Zimbalist, 2018. The Illusory Economic Gains from Hosting the Olympics World Cup. In World Economics, 16, issue 1, p. 35-42, https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:wej:wldecn:606 . Accessed 17 January 2018.

Case study: London Olympics 2012: Learning activities

• Outline the political, social, economic and environmental reasons why London was chosen for the 2012 Games. [8]
• Suggest reasons why some people feel that the Games were not an appropriate way to spend the money. [4]
• Suggest why some people feel that the Games provided a tangible legacy. [3]
• Create a spider diagram showing at least three social impacts, three economic impacts and three environmental impacts of the Games.
• Do you consider that the Games were a sustainable event? Explain your answer. [4]
• Overall, do you think that the Games were a success? Why? [6]

Other tasks

Imagine that you live in the area that is going to be transformed by the Games. Write a letter to the International Olympic Committee explaining why you do or don’t want the Games to come to London. Remember to attempt a counter-argument and rebuttal, and that this is a formal letter so you should be using formal ‘business’ language.

Going further

This site has a great number of additional sources that you could explore, for example if you are looking at the Olympics for the purposes of an extended essay. Page 11 is especially good.

• http://crln.acrl.org/content/75/1/24.full

Look at these sites for more in-depth information.

• http://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/23434844
• https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/02/140221-olympics-sochi-rio-de-janeiro-london-boris-johnson-montreal-athens-world/
• https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/02/03/270950685/did-london-get-an-economic-boost-from-the-2012-olympics
• https://d2rpq8wtqka5kg.cloudfront.net/129049/open20120701120000.pdf?Expires=1511793842&Signature=R043y307dmxOAQKbZckf67uuGsQhQUZ3~Fuml0zdCMn0Y2ZjYobP36CAdEROzjj4QvHUN0aFZKha~v7h8RAt1XLxQKkIZGyf6Z5h3N~U01FZv~N5u4gIXs~z43IkDQMr~1ShM9I4Px7hWR6~yG7TRi57jLt8x3Ti~2HiHGZYAiDpXP68St7EadjRxLr6HDZRtf-mOBRGCSKCxx7S-bhDyZWlDqR8kP4jayZQr7UtYoN-qSbdz6SqNBd3AIrQNhaCLp51mWZkSFex8XdXJblqSZDlAgdPYHvGLyD6wsZLSZAmvUE9MDQ4ol~SOhQ9qI9-zggFSUgaagHj1mPDR9Ak9A__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJVGCNMR6FQV6VYIA

And even further:

• http://www.olympic.org/Documents/Reference_documents_Factsheets/London_2012_Facts_and_Figures-eng.pdf Interesting facts in general.
• http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_282767.pdf Visitors impact – especially useful on p8
• http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/ott/overseas-travel-and-tourism—monthly-release/august-2012/index.html Also pretty strong, same basic source as above but with other links that might be useful.

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London 2012 Olympic Park

This resource was written before the London 2012 Olympics. We have kept it available as the material is still useful to teachers running fieldwork in the Stratford area. 

On 6 July 2005, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) announced that London would host the 2012 Olympics. London won its bid on the back of three factors:

Its status as a global city with one of the world's most culturally and ethnically diverse populations

Its focus upon regenerating one of the poorest areas of the city, which is ongoing, where the Olympics have a specific role to play in providing a legacy of amenities for local people

A focus upon children as the benefactors of the Olympics, and the inspiration that could link nations through sport

London's bid was focused upon a complete rebrand and reconstruction of a brownfield site along the Lea Valley in east London. A range of new facilities is currently being built in the area. The central hub will be the Olympic Park, parallel to the Lea River, which will contain several Olympic venues located within walking distance of each other. As the Olympic Park develops, there will many opportunities for engaging students in geographical learning, focusing upon the topics of regeneration, sustainability, culture and sport.

Opportunities for fieldwork in the Olympic area

Download the full Opportunities for fieldwork in the Olympic area article

Download a list of relevant websites 

Between July 2005, when London won the right to host the 2012 Olympics and Paralympics, and July 2007, East London was ripe for geographical field study. The plans for the Olympic Park were being firmed up, organisations being put in place, and infrastructural change - such as underground electricity cables to replace the pylons - was largely being carried out underground and out of sight. The images of future Olympics and Paralympics venues could be downloaded. All that the willing geographer needed was a sense of imagination - record the present, take a glimpse into the future, and leave the rest to the imagination.

However, like all large plans, London's Olympics and Paralympics are being subjected to ‘events'. Just as Canary Wharf blighted the progress of London's Docklands regeneration when it went into receivership in 1993, so too London's Olympics and Paralympics are likely to alter as part of the credit crunch that began in September 2007.

What kind of fieldwork?

London's Olympics and Paralympics offer geographers considerable potential for fieldwork study.

They offer a discrete study in which the themes of change , regeneration , and sustainability can be given a place focus

Because they are part of a process of regeneration that began with Docklands in the early 1980s and is likely to continue with commercial development such as Stratford City, they have a context in which regeneration for some of the poorest and most deprived areas of London and the UK

They allow first hand study of economic, social, and environmental impact - in which secondary sources can play as important a part as primary data

Getting access to the sites

Access is now more difficult, and the imagination required of both teachers and their students is considerable. In July 2007, the ODA assumed ownership of the Marshgate Lane area, which forms the hub of the Olympics facilities. For both security and safety, the entire site - stretching from the southern borders close to Stratford north to the A12 - was fenced off, creating a tall blue security fence that the ‘Guardian' and others have referred to as east London's Berlin wall. Clearly, this made access difficult to the public generally and to geographers specifically!

Nonetheless, provided that fieldwork parties come to see the Olympics in the context of regeneration - and not simply observe only the Olympics sites - there are plenty of opportunities for students of all ages. Placed around the theme of regeneration, students could investigate and collect primary data for the following:

Investigate Docklands and the nature of 1980s style regeneration, that was market led, which focused upon the development of a service economy, redeveloped areas of derelict land into secure housing, and convert warehousing and lofts, each of which would attract the middle-classes

Investigate the nature of communities such as Canning Town South, for which 2001 census data are available. In 2002, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL) took its second year undergraduates into Canning Town and questioned a large sample of residents about what Canning Town was like to live in. 

Investigate local perceptions of the Olympics as seen by local people in parts of Newham, for example Stratford shopping centre which is undercover, safe, and where residents are generally friendly enough towards students to answer questions. A perception framework covers economic, social and environmental aspects, and those questioned are asked to respond how well they believe that the Olympics will benefit them and the area

Investigate environmental quality in the areas which are still accessible from, for example the canal or Lea River towpath and which pass the Olympics sites. These are the core area of Olympics sites and those which will form the new Olympics Park - and thus it will be possible to compare environmental quality now with the environmental impact of the new Olympics park using the computer-generated images on the London 2012 website

Investigate the environmental impact of the security wall on people's live sin east London and the extent to which they are being or are not being inconvenienced by the work going on. This could take the form of an environmental quality bi-polar assessment, like that used for environmental quality above

Observe the new Olympics Park using accessible sites such as the Stratford town centre multi storey car park. This overlooks Stratford station, is easily accessed, and a view from the open deck top floor shows the Olympics Park in its entirety. It is also possible to view the new Channel Tunnel Rail Link station from this site, and therefore the site of the new Stratford City development

Students can then also use secondary data , such as:

Photographs from 2005 onwards of different parts of the Olympics sites, enabling them to assess the degree of change

The London 2012 website which shows computer-generated images of the Olympics stadia and facilities, and of the new Olympic Park

The Census 2001 website which shows data for the different wards of Newham. Click on ‘Neighbourhood' and type in ‘Canning Town South' for data for this ward. Other wards can be accessed by name or postcode

In carrying out just some of these data collection techniques and using sources, students might be able to generate as much as:

Identifying the need for regeneration - environmental

EQS results for accessible Olympic sites. Examples include the overall view over the future Olympic Park from the multi-storey car park in Stratford, the view of the stadium from across the railway tracks from Pudding Mill Lane station (DLR - first stop outside Stratford)

EQS results for areas such as Canning Town, compared to sites in Docklands, for example Canary Wharf or ExCel

Annotated photos of locations visited

The impact of regeneration - environmental

Environmental Impact Assessments of the Olympic sites using the computer images on the London 2012 website

Annotated photos/images of these images and that of the aerial view of the Olympic Park

The need for regeneration - social and economic

Graphs of social and economic data for wards such as Canning Town using 2001 census data

Graphs generated from data collected by the 2002 Canning Town survey by QMUL

The impact of regeneration - social and economic

Environmental Quality Survey graphs from Canary Wharf

Graphs generated from perception surveys held in Canning Town or Stratford about how well local people think the Olympics will benefit them and the communities of east London

Do not forget places outside London!

There are several Olympics and Paralympics sites outside London. Progress at some venues is exceptional. Sailing events are to be held next to Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy (WPNSA), in Dorset on the south coast. The old Naval Air Station at Portland has been renovated and redesigned, and is now known as Osprey Quay; new residential, commercial and marina facilities have been given planning permission and building started in May 2008. On one of the most exposed locations in the western English Channel, it provides superb natural sailing waters. Facilities include:

A new slipway, 70 moorings and associated facilities

A new 600 berth commercial marina nearby. Part of the sailing venue, 250 of its berths will be used for test events as well as during the Games

Construction was completed by late 2008, making Weymouth and Portland one of the first venues completed for 2012.

How do I get to the sites shown in the field booklet?

In an ideal world, a coach will help you to see the contrasts between:

Places that have undergone regeneration in Docklands

Places that have been left behind such as Canning Town South

The Olympic sites

Stratford and Stratford City, with an overview of the Olympic Park

However, public transport is perfectly feasible. Book your students in advance and you should be able to purchase one day Travelcards for your students for 80p each (October 2008 prices). This can be checked at Transport for London .

Start at Canary Wharf or ExCel . Each is on the DLR.

Custom House for Excel station will also allow you access into Canning Town South . The main shopping parade on Freemasons Road is opposite the station once you have crossed Victoria Dock Road. Here you can carry out perception surveys as well as EQS

A short trip back on the DLR will take you to Stratford. To see the Olympic Park in progress is easy - simply cross the road form the station, go into the shopping centre and take the lifts inside the door to the eighth floor. One of the best free views in eats London.

To see other sites around Stratford

Walk east and then northwards along Major Road, past the construction college, to the site of the old Clays Lane Housing estate - to be the site of the Olympic Village

Take the overground to Hackney Wick and walk along Rothbury Road (see the photograph on page two) as far as the blue wall; the area gives a good idea of what regenerated housing can look like in east London, and how housing like this will probably encircle much of Olympic Park after 2012

The stadium is best viewed from Pudding Mill Lane station, one stop east out of Stratford on the DLR

Author: Bob Digby 2008

Bob Digby’s Olympic fieldtrip

Bob Digby is a Chartered Geographer, Community Geographer for the Geographical Association, GCSE Principal Examiner and an education consultant and author. He has a particular interest in teaching about London's 2012 Olympics, and has led many fieldtrips to the site with both students and other teachers. 

Since Bob wrote his original fieldtrip resources for the Olympic site, accessibility to the area has been considerably reduced to allow the site development to proceed. The fieldwork booklet available to download on this page is therefore an adaptation of the original, taking into account these changes. The fieldtrip follows a route around the Olympic sites to investigate the need for regeneration in East London and the potential impacts of the games. 

What lessons for urban regeneration in East London can be learnt from projects in the past?

In January 2008 a group of Year 11 students from Guildford High School undertook a day of fieldwork in East London. The aim of their visit was to study four different areas, two of which have undergone urban regeneration and two of which will be regenerated in the future.

The four areas were:

Canary Wharf: An example of 1980s urban regeneration, focusing on commerce and retail

ExCel London: An example of 1990s urban regeneration, focusing on leisure and service industries

Canning Town: A deprived residential area with plans for regeneration

Stratford: The heart of the ongoing Olympics regeneration project, with additional Stratford City and transport developments also underway

At each site, they collected social, economic and environmental data, which they subsequently used to write a GCSE case study of urban regeneration in East London. Their case study focused on the positive and negative impacts of regeneration as well as the lessons that can be learnt for regeneration projects in the future. It was presented back in school in the form of an annotated map.

In addition, resources are included for a fifth site, the Coin Street Community Builders Programme on the South Bank, SE1. This successful social enterprise and development trust scheme is located in the area between the Oxo Tower and the National Theatre in the heart of the South Bank area. It was visited by a group of AS and A2 students attending the RGS-IBG Winter School in February 2008 and is an additional scheme with which to contrast the East London redevelopments. The aim of the AS/A2 trip was to collect information and data to resource a case study of urban regeneration. The students subsequently used the information to write their own exam question and mark scheme, which they shared with others in the group.

Follow-up work

Year 11 students

Listed below are links to some examples of work produced by Year 11 students from Guildford High School following their fieldtrip to East London.

Their brief was to summarise the positive and negative impacts of the urban regeneration projects they visited in Canary Wharf and ExCeL London socially, environmentally and economically, and to consider the lessons that can be learnt for the future.

The students also considered positive and negative aspects to the Canning Town and Stratford areas, and the possible impacts of regeneration in these places.

Finally, the students superimposed digital photos onto a map of the site as a visual representation and comparison of social, economic and environmental features of the areas.

AS/A2 students

The aim of the fieldtrip for AS/A2 students was to collect data for an exam case study. Rather than using their findings to answer a question, however students studied a range of past papers and used these as a framework for writing their own exam question with resources and a detailed mark scheme.

Background to the 2012 site

Olympic park photos, canary wharf, excel london, canning town, coin street.

File name Files

Background to the 2012 Stratford's Transport Links

Background to the 2012 Site Location of Olympic Park

Background to the 2012 Site London 2012 Article

Background to the 2012 Updated Article

Background to the 2012 Deprivation Indicators of Canning Town South

Olympic Park Photos Clays Lane

Olympic Park Photos Canning Town and Marshgate Lane

Olympic Park Photos Olympic Park

Olympic Park Questionnaire

Olympic Park Shopping Survey

Olympic Park Business Survey

Olympic Park Shopping Survey (1)

Olympic Park Museum Worksheet

Olympic Park Historical Map

Olympic Park Photo Task

Olympic Park Environmental Quality Survey

Olympic Park Questionnaire (1)

Olympic Park Business Survey (1)

Olympic Park Museum Worksheet (1)

Olympic Park Photo Task (1)

Olympic Park Estate Agent Survey

Olympic Park KS3 West India Quay Tour

Olympic Park Reasons to Relocate to Canary Wharf

Olympic Park Historical Maps and Clues

Olympic Park Historical Maps and Clues (1)

Olympic Park Environmental Quality Survey (1)

Olympic Park Estate Agent Survey (1)

Olympic Park Reasons to Relocate to Canary Wharf (1)

ExCel London Field Sketches Worksheet

ExCel London Photo Task

ExCel London Notes on ExCel Sheet

ExCel London Historical Map

ExCel London Historical Map Task

ExCel London Notes on ExCel Sheet (1)

ExCel London Photo Task (1)

ExCel London Field Sketches Worksheet (1)

ExCel London Environmental Quality Survey

ExCel London Environmental Quality Survey (1)

ExCel London Historical Map Task (1)

Canning Town Notes from Canning Town Worksheet

Canning Town Photo Task

Canning Town 2001 Census Data for Canning Town South

Canning Town Notes from Canning Town Worksheet (1)

Canning Town Analysis of Social Data

Canning Town Analysis of Social Data (1)

Canning Town Photo Task (1)

Canning Town Environmental Quality Survey

Canning Town QMUL Social Survey Summary

Canning Town Environmental Quality Survey (1)

Canning Town QMUL Social Survey Summary (1)

Statford Environmental Quality Survey

Statford Local Opinion Questionnaire

Statford Environmental Quality Survey (1)

Statford Historical Map North

Statford Local Views on the Olympics Task

Statford Local Views on the Olympics Task (1)

Statford I-Spy Activity

Statford I-Spy Activity (1)

Statford Photo Task

Statford Photo Task (1)

Statford Historical Map South

Statford Local Selection of Views on the Olympics

Statford Local Opinion Questionnaire (1)

Statford Local Selection of Views on the Olympics (1)

Coin Street Worksheet

Coin Street Worksheet (1)

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Stratford Olympic Park

The Olympic Park was a Brownfield site having suffered from Deindustrialisation .

When the Olympics were hosted here, it caused Regeneration of the area.

This is partly due to Gentrification of the East Village as city workers move in.

The London 2012 Olympic Legacy was a plan to make sure that the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games had Long Term Benefits .

This legacy was to cover 4 main areas:

• Economic – supporting new jobs and skills, encouraging trade, inward investment and tourism
• Sports – continuing elite success, development of more sports facilities and encouraging participation in schools sports and wider
• Social and volunteering – inspiring others to volunteer and encouraging social change
• Regeneration – reuse of venues, new homes, and improved transportation

The key is urban regeneration. Urban Regeneration is the improvement of the buildings and infrastructure of an area.

Tower Hamlets were in dire need of regeneration as they had:

• A lot of abandoned old industrial sites
• Low achievement at school in terms of GCSE points score
• Industrial wastelands
• Higher than average unemployment than the rest of London
• Higher deprivation and poverty for the people that lived there
• Lower household incomes then the London average
• The athletes’ village has been relaunched as a housing estate. Almost half of these 2,818 new homes (40%) are affordable.
• The Olympics has helped schools in the area – there was a shortage of spaces but a new school opened in the grounds of the park.
• The aquatics centre now uses its 50m pools as facilities for the community and schools, as well as elite athletes.
• Unemployment OVERALL fell across London during the Olympic period

Negatives :

• Anne Power at the London School of Economics said “The ‘affordable rents’ for the 2,800 new homes will be unaffordable to Newham’s poorest households.
• During the construction of the Olympics, very few jobs were created for local people. There are still high levels of unemployment in the borough and it was a missed opportunity to train people up for work.
• Many people in the boroughs surrounding the Olympic Park remain in poverty
• Properties for poorer people had to be demolished to make way for the site, 450 Housing Association flats were torn down for example.
• Stratford is now second only to King’s Cross as the most connected part of London.
• The Olympics brought more than £9bn of investment to east London, much of which went into transport.
• ALL of the Olympic venues have been sold.
• The Olympic stadium is estimated to have cost £701 million pounds, almost 3 times the original estimate
• £8.77 billion of tax payer’s money
• Existing businesses had to move, including H. Forman and Sons, a salmon-smoking factory with 50 employees
• Rents and property prices have gone up

Environmentally

• Many of the grounds in the Olympic Park have been kept as parkland and are open to the public for use. New green spaces and wildlife habitats were created, including ponds and woodlands.
• The stadiums were made of 25% recycled materials
• The River Lea that runs through the Olympic Park was improved as has the quality of its water. Green areas were placed along the banks of the river.
• The Olympic Site was built largely on 560 acres of brownfield land
• Researchers helped choose sustainable & biodiverse vegetation suited to an urban environment, including 4,000 trees.
• Much wildlife had to be relocated; 4,000 smooth newts, 100 toads and 300 common lizards as well as fish including pikes and eels were moved by the Olympic Delivery Authority.
• Many of the materials for the stadiums and the Olympic Park came from overseas
• The games produced 3.3 million tons of CO2

E15Campaign

How does this opinion frame the Olympics?

East Village London

Compare this to E15.

Regeneration

Gentrification is the process by which older (often run down) parts of the city, often close to the city centre, become culturally desirable, so wealthier people move in and change the area.

The gentrification applies to areas around the Olympic Park.

In particular, Hackney Wick.

Some of the park was invested by TNCS. An Australian TNC Invested with the building of the shopping centre. Lendlease are a TNC helping to build the International Quarter.

Regeneration Outside of Stratford

Studentification is the gradual change (social and environmental) of an area of a the city by the arrival of increasing numbers of students and the conversion of older, often 19th century, houses into student flats by subdividing large properties.

Universities bring employment and student spending which regenerates pubs, shops and buy to let properties.

The rural-urban fringe (areas outside of the inner city, close to rural areas) have experienced regeneration too. For example “London Square Chigwell Village is a gated oasis of forty three homes, set in and around stunning landscaped gardens, creating a spacious and beautiful environment.’’

London Square’s reputation for developing award-winning homes in some of London’s most desirable locations is exemplified in Chigwell Village, perfectly located in the heart of Chigwell itself. Prices from £1,095,000.

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Sustainable Urban Living - East Village

Sustainable Urban Living – East Village

East Village is one of the most sustainable communities in the UK. It is part of the London 2012 Olympic legacy and was converted from the Athletes’ Village into new homes after the Games. One of the main aims of the Olympics was to be the most sustainable Games ever.

East Village, London – CC2.0 EG Focus https://www.flickr.com/photos/egfocus/7090449501/

How is East Village an example of sustainable urban living?

Transport 

East Village has an integrated transport solution. Local trains and bus services connect to the London Underground. Stratford International station provides access to Central London and Europe.

Green open spaces

10 hectares of parkland have been created, containing hundreds of newly planted trees and ponds. These provide habitats for wildlife.

Modern, high-density apartments

The athletes’ village has been transformed into modern, high-density apartments. These have been constructed to a high standard of energy efficiency and insulation. Apartments lose less heat than low-rise housing.

Green roofs 

A green roof or living roof is a roof of a building that is partially or completely covered with vegetation and a growing medium planted over a waterproofing membrane.

Green roofs have been included on residential blocks, providing habitats for wildlife as well as slowing the flow of surface run-off from rain.

Affordable housing 

Half of the homes are available to ordinary people in East London. They are affordable as they are available to rent at lower rates.

Car parking 

Parking is provided for each apartment block and residents must pay extra for a space. However, the area has good walking and cycling routes to encourage people from their cars.

Shops and services 

There are 35 independent   shops, cafes and bars serving the local community. This keeps money   in the local area as they are less likely to travel to shop.

Public services 

A large health centre has been constructed along with a school for 2000 3 to 18-year-olds. These services are essential to support the local community.

What green spaces have been created in East Village?

Although East Village is a high-density urban area, 37 per cent of the land is green open space. 10 of the 27 hectares that make up East Village is green space, including:

• a wetland area that recycles rainwater, which is used for flushing toilets and water plants;
• a large green park containing a children’s play area;
• green roofs;
• each apartment block having a shared, private green space; and
• fruit trees in an orchard in the children’s play area.

Waste Recycling

• 99% of parkland waste is recycled instead of being sent to landfill.
• Households are also encouraged to recycle with fortnightly collections of cardboard, paper, plastic bottles, tins and cans.
• Recycling is taken to a sorting facility at Jenkins Lane Reuse and Recycling Centre, where materials are separated. The sorted materials are made into bales and sent off to be recycled into new products.

How efficient is East Village?

Compared to other urban areas, East Village uses much less water and energy.

Water use in East Village is 50 per cent less than typical in urban areas. This has been achieved through recycling water naturally and using reed beds in wetland areas. Rainwater is filtered naturally before being recycled and used for irrigating plants and flushing toilets. Fresh drinking water is on a separate system.

East Village uses 30 per cent less energy than an average urban area. This is because of combined heat and power (CHP). CHP involves generating electricity and heat from the same energy source, in this case, burning biomass. Water is heated to create steam that drives a turbine to generate electricity. The hot water produced in this process is pumped around the nearby apartments and is used to heat them.

What are the benefits of East Village?

Social  

• More than 10,000 new homes will have been built by 2030, and more than 10,000 new homes will have been built in the park.
• Five new neighbourhoods will be completed by the end of the decade.
• New jobs in tourism and construction have created a multiplier effect .
• By 2030 over 20,000 jobs could be created, bringing £5 billion into the area. 
• The Westfield Stratford shopping centre created 10,000 permanent new jobs from day one, including 2,000 for previously unemployed local people.

Environmental

• The Olympic bid was, in part, successfully based on sustainability . The park is sustainable in many ways, including public transport , walking and cycling routes, the water and energy-efficient design of homes and the protection of green spaces and natural habitats .
• 300,000 new plants have been planted in the wetlands. 
• The London Olympic Athletes’ Village is the largest sustainable homes project in the UK.
• Before construction, the Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA, 2015) excavated and cleaned more than 2.3 million cubic metres of contaminated soil.

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Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park - Stratford

The Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park in east London (Stratford) was developed and constructed for the 2012 Olympic Games. The key features of the development are:

Olympic Park

• An area of 350 hectares of abandoned and derelict land was converted into sports and residential facilities.
• There are 100 hectares of new green space, with 4,000 trees and 600,000 tonnes of soil cleaned (to remove contaminants like arsenic and ammonia).
• 3km of rivers and canals were cleaned and 230,000 cubic metres of contaminated groundwater was removed.

• The accommodation that was built for Olympic athletes in the Olympic Village was converted into new housing for 2,800 people.

Transport and infrastructure

• The rail, bus and cycle routes in Stratford were improved to cater for the volume of people visiting during the Olympics and for residents afterwards.
• A new rail station was built at Stratford International.

• A new Westfield shopping centre was constructed within walking distance of the Olympic Park and Olympic Stadium.

Sports facilities

• The Olympic Stadium has become the London Stadium, which is home to West Ham Football Club.
• The London Aquatics Centre has become a public swimming pool.

• There are plans to build a lot of cultural buildings and experiences in Stratford. These include the Victoria & Albert East museum, Sadler's Wells East, which is a dance theatre and the London College of Fashion.

Stratford - Urban Regeneration

The redevelopment of Stratford illustrates many of the core principles of regeneration.

International impact

• The presence of many MNC retailers like Zara in the Westfield shopping centre illustrates the significance of global influences on places.
• Furthermore, the Olympic Park was primarily built initially to host the Olympics, which is a global competition. London probably only won the rights to host the 2012 Olympics because of good rail, underground and air transport links.

Regeneration strategies

• Sport-led regeneration is clear with the London Stadium, Aquatic Centre and Olympic Games.
• Tourism-led regeneration is evident because the Olympic Park hosted the Olympic Games.
• Retail-led regeneration is shown by the construction of a Westfield shopping centre nearby.
• Culture-led regeneration is shown by the establishment of museums like the Victoria & Albert Museum East nearby.

Win-win redevelopment

• Although, many stakeholders may have attachment and life experiences of the pre-development Stratford, regenerating derelict and unused land is likely to be less controversial than developing other areas.

1 Tectonic Processes & Hazards

1.1 Tectonic Processes & Hazards

1.1.1 Tectonic Plates

1.1.2 Distribution of Tectonic Hazards

1.1.3 Theoretical Frameworks

1.1.4 Earthquakes

1.1.5 Earthquake Hazards

1.1.6 Volcanoes

1.1.7 Tsunamis

1.1.8 End of Topic Test - Tectonic Processes

1.1.9 Exam-Style Question - Earthquakes

1.2 Natural Disasters

1.2.1 Introduction to Natural Disasters

1.2.2 Impacts of Hazards

1.2.3 Comparing Hazards

1.2.4 Development & Governance

1.3 Natural Disaster Case Studies

1.3.1 Tohoku Earthquake & Tsunami

1.3.2 Gorkha Earthquake

1.3.3 Mount Merapi Eruption

1.4 Trends & Patterns

1.4.1 Disaster Trends

1.4.2 Prediction

1.5 Disaster Modification

1.5.1 Hazard Management

1.5.2 Modifications

1.5.3 End of Topic Test - Natural Disasters

1.5.4 Exam-Style Question - Disaster Modification

2 Option 2A: Glaciated Landscapes & Change

2.1 Glaciated Landscapes Over Time

2.1.1 Timeline of Glacial Change

2.1.2 Natural Causes

2.1.3 Ice Distributions

2.2 Periglacial Landscapes

2.2.1 Periglacial Processes

2.2.2 Periglacial Landforms

2.3 Glacial Processes

2.3.1 Mass Balance

2.3.2 Glacial Movement

2.4 Glacial Landforms

2.4.1 Landscapes

2.4.2 Erosional Landforms

2.4.3 Erosional Landforms 2

2.4.4 Erosional Landforms 3

2.4.5 Depositional Landforms

2.4.6 Fluvioglaciation

2.5 The Future of Glaciated Landscapes

2.5.1 The Value of Glaciated Landscapes

2.5.2 The Value of Glaciated Landscapes 2

2.5.3 Threats to Glaciated Landscapes

2.5.4 Managing the Threats to Glaciated Landscapes

3 Option 2B: Coastal Landscapes & Change

3.1 Coastal Landscapes

3.1.1 The Wider Coastal Landscape

3.1.2 Geological Structure

3.1.3 Lithology & Vegetation

3.2 Coastal Erosion & Deposition

3.2.1 Shaping Coastlines

3.2.2 Coastal Formations

3.2.3 Sediment Transportation

3.2.4 Subaerial Processes

3.3 Coastal Risks

3.3.1 Sea Level Change

3.3.2 Coastal Retreat

3.3.3 Coastal Flooding

3.4 Managing Coastlines

3.4.1 Consequences of Coastal Recession

3.4.2 Engineering Management Approaches

3.4.3 Governance Approaches

4 Globalisation

4.1 Globalisation

4.1.1 Intro to Globalisation

4.1.2 Development of Globalisation

4.1.3 Economic Policy & Globalisation

4.1.4 Government Policy & Globalisation

4.1.5 International Organisations & Globalisation

4.1.6 Measuring Globalisation

4.1.7 TNCs & Globalisation

4.1.8 TNCs - Aramco & Anglo-Iranian Oil

4.2 Negatives of Globalisation

4.2.1 'Switched Off' Places

4.3 Global Shift

4.3.1 Global Shift for Developing Nations

4.3.2 Global Shift for Developing Nations 2

4.3.3 Global Shift for Developed Nations

4.3.4 End of Topic Test - Globalisation

4.4 Migration

4.4.1 Megacities

4.4.2 International Migration

4.4.3 Country Interdependence

4.5 Culture

4.5.1 Global Culture

4.5.2 Cultural Erosion

4.6 Measuring Development

4.6.1 Measuring Development

4.7 Responses to Globalisation

4.7.1 Tensions Caused by Globalisation

4.7.2 Government Control of Globalisation

4.7.3 Ethical Responses to Globalisation

4.7.4 End of Topic Test - Migration, Culture, & Response

5 Option 4A: Regenerating Places

5.1 Types of Economies

5.1.1 Economic Activity

5.1.2 Employment

5.1.3 Economic Activity - Health & Life

5.1.4 Economic Activity - Education & Inequality

5.2 Function of Places

5.2.1 Characteristics of Places

5.2.2 Changes in Places

5.2.3 International Influences on Places

5.2.4 Historic Influences on Places

5.2.5 The Perception of Places

5.2.6 Lived Experience & Attachment

5.3 Regeneration

5.3.1 Migration & Capital

5.3.2 Success & Regeneration

5.3.3 Tensions & Conflict in Communities

5.3.4 Regeneration in the UK

5.3.5 Local Government Policies

5.3.6 Regeneration Strategies

5.3.7 Measuring Regeneration Success

5.4 Regeneration Case Studies

5.4.1 Stratford

5.4.2 Salford Quays

5.4.3 Croyde

6 Option 4B: Diverse Places

6.1 Population Structure

6.1.1 The UK

6.1.2 Population Characteristics

6.1.3 Government & Change

6.2 Past & Present Connections

6.2.1 International Influence on Places

6.2.2 Historic Influences on Places

6.2.3 The Perception of Places

6.2.4 Image & Identity

6.3 Urban & Rural Spaces

6.3.1 Perceptions of Urban Places

6.3.2 Perceptions of Rural Places

6.3.3 Evaluating Living Space

6.4 Diversity

6.4.1 UK Migrations

6.4.2 Challenges

6.4.3 Tensions & Conflict

6.4.4 Wider Outcomes of Tensions

6.4.5 Managing Tensions

6.5 Urban & Rural Case Studies

6.5.1 Stakeholders

6.6 Case Study - Tower Hamlets

6.6.1 Background

6.6.2 Characteristics

6.6.3 Issues

6.7 Case Study - Sturton-le-Steeple

6.7.1 Background

6.7.2 Characteristics

6.7.3 Issues

7 The Water Cycle & Water Insecurity (A2 only)

7.1 Hydrological Processes Global to Local

7.1.1 Global Hydrological Cycle

7.1.2 Drainage Basin Hydrological Cycle

7.1.3 Water Budgets

7.1.4 River Regimes

7.1.5 Storm Hydrographs

7.2 Influences on the Water Cycle

7.2.1 Causes of Drought

7.2.2 Impacts of Drought

7.2.3 Causes of Flooding

7.2.4 Impacts of Flooding

7.2.5 Climate Change & The Water Cycle

7.2.6 Impacts of Climate Change

7.2.7 End of Topic Test - The Water Cycle

7.3 Water Insecurity

7.3.1 Water Stress

7.3.2 Causes of Water Insecurity

7.3.3 Water Insecurity Risk

7.3.4 Conflict Over Water

7.4 Water Supply Management

7.4.1 Hard Engineering Schemes

7.4.2 Sustainable Management

7.4.3 Water Treaties & Framework

7.4.4 End of Topic Test - Water Insecurity & Management

8 The Carbon Cycle & Energy Security (A2 only)

8.1 The Carbon Cycle

8.1.1 Carbon Stores

8.1.2 Carbon Stores 2

8.1.3 Biological Carbon

8.1.4 Atmospheric Carbon

8.1.5 Burning Fossil Fuels

8.2 Energy Consumption

8.2.1 Consumption

8.2.2 Access to Energy

8.2.3 Energy Players

8.2.4 Supply & Demand

8.2.5 Pathways

8.2.6 End of Topic Test - Carbon & Consumption

8.3 Alternative Energy

8.3.1 Unconventional Fuels

8.3.2 Non-Fossil Fuels

8.3.3 Non-Fossil Fuels 2

8.4 Growing Demand for Resources

8.4.1 Deforestation

8.4.2 Water

8.4.3 Climate Change

8.5 The Future

8.5.1 Future Uncertainty

8.5.2 Adaptation Strategies

8.5.3 Mitigation Strategies

9 Superpowers (A2 only)

9.1 Superpowers

9.1.1 Introduction to Superpowers

9.1.2 Superpowers - Economic Power & Size

9.1.3 Superpowers - Political & Military Power

9.1.4 Superpowers - Culture, Demography & Resources

9.1.5 Geo-Strategic Location

9.2 Hard & Soft Power

9.2.1 Hard & Soft Power

9.2.2 Emerging Powers - China Rivalry

9.2.3 Emerging Powers - Chinese Sources of Power

9.2.4 Emerging Powers - Brazil

9.2.5 Emerging Powers - Russia

9.2.6 Emerging Powers - India

9.2.7 Theories of Development

9.2.8 Power Case Studies: Chinese One Belt One Road

9.2.9 Power Case Studies: Pakistan Nuclear Arms

9.2.10 Power Case Studies: OPEC

9.3 IGOs, TNCs & Alliances

9.3.1 Superpowers & IGOs

9.3.2 Superpowers & TNCs

9.3.3 Superpowers & Global Action

9.3.4 Superpowers & Alliances

9.3.5 Superpowers & the Environment

9.4 Changing Global Influence

9.4.1 Recent Tensions between Powers

9.4.2 China in Africa & Asia

9.4.3 Tensions in the Middle East

9.4.4 Economic Problems for Superpowers

9.4.5 Future Pattern of Power

10 Option 8A: Health & Human Rights (A2 only)

10.1 Human Development

10.1.1 Measuring Development

10.1.2 Factors Improving Development

10.1.3 Variations in Health

10.2 Role of Governments & IGOs

10.2.1 Targets & Attitudes

10.2.2 Financial IGOs

10.2.3 The United Nations (UN)

10.2.4 The UN's MDGs & SDGs

10.3 Human Rights

10.3.1 Human Rights

10.3.2 Differences Between Countries

10.3.3 Transitions to Democracy

10.3.4 Differences Within Countries

10.3.5 The Demand for Equality

10.4 Interventions

10.4.1 Geopolitical Interventions

10.4.2 International Intervention Players

10.4.3 Evaluating Geopolitical Intervention

10.4.4 Military Interventions

10.4.5 Evaluating Military Interventions

10.5 Development Aid

10.5.1 Forms

10.5.2 Successes

10.5.3 Criticisms

10.5.4 Development Aid & the Environment

10.5.5 Evaluating Development Aid

10.5.6 Economic Inequalities

11 Option 8B: Migration & Identity (A2 only)

11.1 Globalisation & Migration

11.1.1 Intro to Migration

11.1.2 Trends in Migration

11.1.3 Common Migration Patterns

11.1.4 Causes of Migration

11.1.5 Restrictions on Migration

11.2 Consequences of Migration

11.2.1 Intro to Culture

11.2.2 Social & Demographic Tensions of Migration

11.2.3 Political & Economic Tensions of Migration

11.3 Nation States

11.3.1 Intro to Nation States

11.3.2 Borders

11.3.3 Nationalism

11.4 Responses to Global Migration

11.4.1 Responses to Global Migration

11.4.2 Global Organisations

11.4.3 IGOs and World Trade

11.4.4 Financial IGOs

11.4.5 Environmental IGOs

11.5 Sovereignty & Identity

11.5.1 Sovereignty & Nationalism

11.5.2 Complex Identities

11.5.3 Challenges to National Identities

11.5.4 Tensions within Nations

11.5.5 Failed States

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• Olympic Park Case Study

Dive into the fascinating depths of the Olympic Park Case Study, a detailed exploration of one of the world's most dynamic urban regeneration projects. Offering a comprehensive understanding of the key factors that drove its success, this article serves as an authentic guide. Learn about the local and environmental challenges faced, the inventive solutions implemented, and the significant impacts of this extraordinary case study. Whether it's the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, or the wider London Olympic Park, you will discover the intrinsic details and noteworthy insights that have been gained from this transformative endeavour.

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• Challenges In The Human Environment
• London Urbanisation
• Rio de Janeiro Case Study
• UK Population Distribution
• Urban Issues and Challenges
• Changing Economic World
• Coasts Geography
• Diverse Places
• Dynamic Landscapes
• Energy Security
• Glaciated Landscapes
• Global Resource Management
• Globalisation
• Health And Human Rights
• Living With The Physical Environment
• Living World
• Migration and Identity
• Regenerating Places
• River Landscapes
• Superpowers of the World
• Sustainable Urban Development
• Water Cycle

Understanding the Olympic Park Case Study

When you delve into the realm of geography, you often encounter fascinating multi-dimensional studies like the Olympic Park Case Study. This intriguing example throws light on how major global events can contribute positively to urban development and regeneration.

An Olympic Park is a sports complex built for the Olympic Games. It typically includes sporting, recreational, and ancillary facilities used during and after the events.

An Overview of the Olympic Park Case Study

In the exciting world of geographical studies, the Olympic Park Case Study stands out as a shining example of urban regeneration. This case study chiefly focuses on the Olympic Park constructed for the 2012 London Olympics.

Key details of this project are :

The site's former use: The area prior to redevelopment was a neglected, inequalities affected part of East London with many challenges, including high deprivation levels and infrastructure shortcomings.

Infrastructure created: The Olympic Park regeneration project was vast, covering an area of 2.5 square km.\( {\displaystyle \text{Area} =2.5 \text{km}^{2}} \)

This massive development saw the construction of venues for the Games, residential buildings, parks, and world-class infrastructure.

Post-Games use: Following the Games, the legacy plan aimed to transform East London, improving the quality of life and creating a sustainable community.

The Olympic Park regeneration project has since been hailed as a global model for urban regeneration, inspiring similar developments worldwide.

Key Factors in the Olympic Park Case Study

The Olympic Park Case Study is packed with a notable depth of dimensions.

• The planning process: a comprehensive plan, well-thought-out and executed meticulously.
• Impact on the local economy: A substantial increase in potential job opportunities and economic growth within the region.
• Geographical considerations: Choices in terms of location, dealing with existing geographical obstacles, and sustainability issues.

Insight into these key factors provides an essential understanding of why this redevelopment project has been so successful.

Sustainability in this context refers to the project's capacity to maintain its operations and values over the long term without negatively affecting the surrounding environment or society.

As you further delve into the Olympic Park Case Study, you will gain deeper insights into the world of Geography through the lens of urban regeneration.

Into the Details: Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park Case Study

Shifting the focus to the heart of our discussion - the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park Case Study. This case study offers a deeper and more intricate exploration of the impact of the Olympic Games, coupled with the strategic regeneration of a deprived urban area. It's a remarkable blend of sports, urban planning, and geography.

Understanding the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park Case Study

When you delve into the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park Case Study, it feels like unravelling a multifaceted narrative laden with geographical significance. The park, formerly known as the Olympic Park , was renamed to honour Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee in 2012.

A Diamond Jubilee is a celebration held to mark a 60th anniversary. In this case, it marked the 60th anniversary of Queen Elizabeth II's reign.

The vast 560-acre Park is located in Stratford, East London , and was developed to host the 2012 London Olympics and Paralympics. It was one of the most significant urban transformations in the UK for decades.

The ambitious project's key objectives included improving the local economy, environment, social aspects, and sports infrastructure. It was not just about hosting the Olympics but about benefiting the local community long after the Games. That's what makes it a prime case study in geography, where studying the interaction between people and places holds significance.

Interestingly, the construction team for the Olympic Park focused on using recycled materials whenever possible. For example, the concrete used was made of 30% recycled content, showing an admirable commitment to sustainable construction.

Major Aspects of the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park Case Study

Diving into the major aspects of the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park Case Study, you'll discover some fascinating facts and considerations. Among them, the project's planning and execution, the engagement with the local community, its socio-economic impact, and last but not least, the focus on sustainability .

Sustainability refers to meeting our own needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It intertwines with all aspects of human life, from economic growth and social inclusiveness to environmental protection.

Let's break down these major aspects:

• Planning and execution: Comprehensive masterplanning allowed for meticulous execution. The team behind this ambitious project prioritised health and safety, efficient management, and timely delivery.
• Community engagement: Community involvement was integral to the project. Activities included consultations, local employment, and volunteer opportunities, all aimed at fostering community spirit.
• Socio-economic impact: The project significantly contributed to East London's socio-economic development, bringing in investments, creating jobs, and attracting businesses.
• Sustainability: Sustainability was at the heart of the project. It was built into the design, construction, and legacy of the Park.

One example of sustainability was the creation of the UK's largest man-made wetland in over a century. This wetland provides a habitat for wildlife and manages flood risk in the area.

The Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park Case Study provides a comprehensive look at how major sporting events can serve as a catalyst for considerable urban regeneration. The study showcases how strategic planning, sociological insight, and environmental stewardliness can combine to create a lasting legacy of growth and development.

Exploring the London Olympic Park Case Study

When it comes to exploring the intersection of geography and large-scale urban regeneration projects, the London Olympic Park Case Study stands as a testament to the transformative power of such initiatives. This thorough investigation unearths how the 2012 Olympic Games served as an opportunity to initiate widespread change, reshaping and revitalising an entire district of London.

A Detailed Look at the London Olympic Park Case Study

An in-depth dive into the story behind the London Olympic Park brings to light its intriguing genesis, multifaceted execution, and its ongoing impact on the local community and beyond.

Before the ambitious regeneration project took shape, the area now known as the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park was characterised by industrial wasteland, rundown buildings, and a lack of sufficient infrastructure.

The project planning aimed at not merely building a temporary sports facility, but the long-term strategy focused on revitalising the entire community—building new homes, commercial spaces, parks and sports facilities that would continue to serve the community and attract visitors long after the Games concluded.

The massive 2.5-square km area was to host a collection of Olympic venues on a grand scale. These included the Olympic Stadium, the Aquatics Centre, the Velodrome, and the IBC/MPC complex that was set up to serve the world’s media during the Games.

Apart from these, the project also involved a comprehensive upgrade of the local infrastructure including transport links, power, sewage and water systems, ensuring the area was well-equipped to handle the influx of spectators during the Games, while serving as a robust foundation for future growth.

Infrastructure refers to the fundamental physical and organisational structures, facilities, and systems required for the operation of a city or society. This includes transportation, utilities, and various public services.

Noteworthy Insights from the London Olympic Park Case Study

The London Olympic Park Case Study is a treasure trove of valuable insights, examining not only the planning and development aspects but also the socio-economic and environmental impacts of the project.

A key aspect that stands out in this case study is the deliberate focus on creating a sustainable legacy . A significant part of this was the emphasis on 'green' construction methods. For instance, over 98% of the demolition materials from the old structures were recycled and used in the new development.

Some of the most noteworthy accomplishments include:

• Job creation: The project resulted in the employment of around 30,000 workers during its development phase and continues to provide an economic boost to the local community through the creation of jobs and businesses.
• Urban regeneration: The Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park has breathed new life into the Stratford area, transforming it from a deprived to a thriving community.
• Infrastructure development: Significant upgrade of public infrastructure, including roads, bridges, utilities, and public transportation, enhancing the overall quality of life in the area.
• Environmental protection: Sustainable construction methods and the development of green spaces, contributing to the global sustainability agenda.

Urban regeneration is the process of redeveloping underused or derelict urban areas to bring about physical and economic improvements. This often involves upgrades to infrastructure, the creation of new job opportunities, and improvements to the local environment.

The London Olympic Park Case Study is a shining example of how astute planning, sustainable practices, and a community-centric approach can lead to transformative urban development, making it an intriguing area of study in the broader field of geography.

The Olympic Park Regeneration Case Study

The Olympic Park Regeneration Case Study serves as an impressive beacon of urban renewal and sustainable development. It showcases the strategic alignment of sports, urban planning, community needs, and environmental considerations to reimagine and revitalise a significant part of East London.

An Examination of the Olympic Park Regeneration Case Study

Undertaking a detailed exploration of the Olympic Park Regeneration Case Study, you'll be introduced to a remarkable transformation story, marked by careful planning, innovative design, social upliftment, and environmental safeguarding.

Focusing on the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, the case study takes you through the park's journey from being an underutilised and neglected area to a vibrant, modern and sustainable community-space post the 2012 London Olympics. Through the lens of geography and urban planning, this study sheds light on the interplay of spatial relationships, socio-economic factors, and biodiversity concerns that shaped this project.

For instance, the transformation took into account the existing waterways in the area. These were not only cleaned and protected, but also seamlessly integrated into the park's layout to enhance the space's attractiveness and support local biodiversity.

The fact that designs encouraged the use of repurposed materials from the site during construction is an exemplar of sustainable practices. Moreover, through the creation of renewable energy sources within the park, a commitment to protecting the environment for the long term was demonstrated.

The case study further examines the positive social impact resulting from the project. The development of new residential areas, creation of numerous jobs, focus on public access, and commitment to maintaining a communal recreational space emphasised people's needs and improved the quality of life.

Quality of life is a measure of the general well-being and satisfaction derived from a combination of factors like physical health, employment, education, environmental quality and recreational opportunities.

Important Factors in the Olympic Park Regeneration Case Study

Investigating important factors within the scope of the Olympic Park Regeneration Case Study reveals key takeaways spanning from design strategies and sustainability practices to social integration and urban planning.

Four crucial aspects underpinning the success of the project were:

• Design strategy: Careful and detailed planning took into consideration the geographical features and accommodated infrastructural needs, community areas, and the overall aesthetic appeal.
• Sustainability practices: Eco-friendly construction methods and renewable energy sources were central in laying out foundations and future developments in the park, aligning with global sustainability goals.
• Social integration: Factoring in the needs of the local community ensured long-term benefits. This is apparent in the creation of housing, business opportunities, and recreational spaces.
• Urban planning: Key infrastructural upgrades, including improved transportation links, played a significant role in revitalising East London and connecting it efficiently with wider London.

A unique example of urban planning was the establishment of the Chobham Academy within the Olympic Park. This institution welcomed students regardless of their ages or abilities, acting as a hub for education and community events right from the start.

Urban planning is a technical and political process concerned with the use of land and design of the urban environment, encompassing air, water, and infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas. It effectively promotes sustainability, health, and safety in communities.

These key insights from the Olympic Park Regeneration Case Study provide a nuanced understanding of the planning, execution, and impact of a redevelopment at such a grand scale. Several aspects highlighted in this example demonstrate the complexities and intricacies of balancing social, environmental, and logistical considerations - serving as a worthy referential case for urban geographers.

Olympic Park Case Study Challenges

Embarking on the ambitious Olympic Park regeneration project was far from smooth sailing. It was filled with considerable challenges, both predicted and unforeseen, adding layers of complexity to the tasks at hand. Despite these difficulties, the lessons learnt and triumphant overcoming of these hurdles make the journey even more intriguing.

Discovering the Challenges in the Olympic Park Case Study

Turning a mostly neglected area of East London into an impressive, modern, and sustainable community within a strict timeline was a considerable undertaking. The difficulties faced were vast, varied, and required innovative solutions.

Some of the notable challenges recorded in the Olympic Park Case Study include:

• Geographical constraints: The location of the site, with existing water bodies and undulating terrains, posed great difficulties during construction.
• Logistical issues: Managing an operation of this magnitude, with a myriad of parties involved and time-sensitive deliveries, was unquestionably challenging.
• Environmental considerations: Ensuring the development adhered to sustainability guidelines, with an aim to minimising carbon footprint and maximising the use of recycled materials, added an extra layer to the complexities.
• Community engagement: Meaningfully involving the local community, maintaining transparency, and ensuring minimal disruption to local lives was paramount but not without challenges.

Sustainability in urban development refers to the ability to accommodate population growth and development without depleting resources, causing detrimental environmental impact, or compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Logistical issues posed a significant challenge when it came to waste management. With the commitment to using recycled materials wherever possible, managing and sorting waste effectively was both an essential part of the project and a major logistical feat.

A particularly challenging aspect was ensuring the right balance between building sporting venues for the Olympics and creating spaces that would be relevant and beneficial to the community in the long term. This dual-purpose planning required forward-thinking and versatile design solutions.

Overcoming Challenges in the Olympic Park Case Study

Despite the seemingly insurmountable challenges posed by the Olympic Park regeneration project, exceptional planning, foresight, and problem-solving skills were leveraged to turn these obstacles into opportunities and lessons for future initiatives.

The solutions employed to tackle various challenges included:

• Clever design: The geographical constraints were addressed with innovative architecture and engineering solutions, using the existing natural features as assets rather than hindrances.
• Effective project management: A robust project management strategy handled logistical complexities. This involved streamlining communication, implementing strict schedules, and enforcing health and safety regulations.
• Emphasis on sustainability: Throughout the project, sustainability was made a priority, influencing design decisions, choice of materials, waste management methods, and even transport solutions for the Games.
• Community Consultation: A series of consultations, public meetings, feedback mechanisms, and updates ensured the local community was kept informed, engaged, and accommodated throughout the process.

Project Management is the application of processes, methods, skills, knowledge and experience to achieve specific project objectives according to the project acceptance criteria within agreed parameters. It includes initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and closing the work of a team to achieve specific goals and meet specific success criteria.

For example, to incorporate sustainability, the project introduced measures such as green travel plans, which recommended spectators to cycle, walk or use public transport to reach the Olympic venues, thereby reducing carbon emissions. This simple yet effective method reaffirmed the foundational principles of sustainable development pledged by the project.

Overcoming these complexities demonstrated the profound ability of the team behind the Olympic Park Case Study to face seemingly daunting obstacles and evolve stronger, constructing a legacy that still stands as an exemplar in urban regeneration.

Investigating the Olympic Park Environmental Case Study

Intricately woven into the Olympic Park Case Study is the notably significant Environmental Case Study. This perspective illuminates an essential aspect of any extensive urban planning project - its environmental footprint and how it contributes to achieving a sustainable future.

Factors in the Olympic Park Environmental Case Study

Deciphering the environmental facets of the Olympic Park Case Study provides a detailed view of the careful considerations and forward-thinking strategies employed to mitigate the project's environmental impacts. The studious approach to the environmental aspect of the project gave birth to several crucial factors that facilitated a sustainable outcome.

• Sustainable Infrastructure: Building from scratch provided a unique opportunity to incorporate sustainable design elements in all the park's infrastructure. Bio-diverse landscaping, green roofs, and sustainable drainage systems were some of the implemented green initiatives.
• Waste Management: With such a colossal construction project, dealing with waste was a significant challenge. The solution lay in an exceptional commitment to recycling. This initiative not only reduced landfill waste but also minimized the need for new materials.
• Energy Efficiency: One of the key focuses was creating an energy-efficient park, which led to the construction of a combined cooling, heat and power (CCHP) plant on-site.
• Water conservation: Considering England's lack of water resources, incorporating water-saving measures into the project was paramount. Rainwater harvesting, greywater recycling, and water-efficient appliances were among the applied solutions.

Greywater is relatively clean wastewater from baths, sinks, washing machines, and other kitchen appliances. It can be recycled for uses such as toilet flushing and garden irrigation , offering an effective way to save water.

For example, the Olympic Stadium's roof illustrates sustainable infrastructure implementation. Its lightweight design used 2,500 tonnes less steel than traditional construction methods, while the top covering consisted of a recyclable PVC material, thereby reducing material usage and promoting recyclability.

Remarkably, the project succeeded in achieving a 50% reduction in carbon emissions through the combined effect of sustainable construction methods, efficient infrastructure and the use of the CCHP plant.

Key Impacts From the Olympic Park Environmental Case Study

The successful execution of a sustainability-focused approach in the Olympic Park project has led to demonstrable positive environmental impacts, qualifying it as an exceptional example of eco-friendly urban regeneration.

Carbon footprint is a measure of the impact our activities have on the environment in terms of the amount of greenhouse gases we produce. It's measured in units of carbon dioxide.

A remarkable feat is the accomplishment in waste management. With a commitment to minimising waste, an impressive 98-99% of construction waste was diverted from landfill, either reused or recycled back in the supply chain.

The lasting impacts from the project are not just confined to the location itself. With its visible commitment to sustainability, the Olympic Park project has set a precedent for future developments in London and beyond.

Olympic Park Case Study - Key takeaways

• The Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park Case Study highlights the strategic planning, sociological insight, and environmental stewardliness involved in making a major sporting event contribute to significant urban regeneration.
• Before its transformation, the area known as the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park was characterised by industrial wasteland, rundown buildings, and a lack of sufficient infrastructure.
• The London Olympic Park Case Study showcases how sustainability was a crucial part of the construction, over 98% of the demolition materials from old structures were recycled and used in the new development.
• The Olympic Park Regeneration Case Study emphasises that the inclusion of design strategies, sustainability practices, social integration and urban planning were key to the success of the project. An example of this includes repurposing materials from the site during the construction phase as well as the creation of renewable energy sources within the park.
• The Olympic Park Case Study faced challenges including geographical constraints, logistic issues, environmental considerations and community engagement. Despite these, the project succeeded by finding innovative solutions to these problems.

Flashcards inOlympic Park Case Study 27

Which statements are FALSE?

The Olympic Park has been renamed Queen Victoria Olympic Park after the 2012 Games. 

What is urban regeneration?

Urban regeneration is when an urban area, such as a town or a city, is transformed by refurbishing buildings, building or improving infrastructure, and creating landscapes.

Why was the Olympic Park built over Stratford, Bow, Leyton and Hackney Wick?

They were more deprived compared to the rest of the UK.

Regenerating business developments to house companies such as Transport for London and the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) bring _____ to the area.

TRUE or FALSE:  After the games, the London Aquatics Centre was made accessible and affordable for the public to use.    

What was the Olympic Media Centre redeveloped into?

 The "East London Tech City" and "Here East"

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Frequently Asked Questions about Olympic Park Case Study

How did the Olympic Park solve urban problems?

The Olympic park solved urban problems such as cleaning up the industrial site it was built on and working on water quality in River Lea. The athlete's village was turned into housing which was said to be affordable.

What were the challenges in building the Olympic Park?

There were several challenges:

• Economic - construction costs were higher than estimated.
• Education and sports - the Olympic Stadium is now used by West Ham United F.C. with high annual expenses.
• Social - businesses and people had to relocate. Furthermore, many jobs did not go to locals and construction jobs were temporary.
• Regeneration - many houses deemed 'affordable' were not actually affordable to the majority of the people, only the more affluent people. 

What happened to London's Olympic Park?

The London Olympic Park now serves different purposes. It was renamed Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park and is open to the public for free to enjoy. The Athletes Village became East Village, a housing development. The Olympic stadium is now the London Stadium, home to the Premier League football club, West Ham United. The Aquatic Centre is London Aquatics Centre and is open to the public.

How has London's Olympic Park been regenerated?

London's Olympic Park has been regenerated by changing the functions of the infrastructure of the Olympic Games to serve the public and the local residents.

What are some of the issues involved in London's Olympic Park?

Some of the issues involving the London Olympic Park are that many properties with residents and businesses had to move to make space for the construction. Also, local wildlife was relocated for construction. The house and rental prices making it hard for locals to stay in the area.

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UIC - London - Regeneration

The London Olympics of 2012 was a fantastic sporting spectacle and put the spotlight of the World on our capital city.  Part of the aims of the Olympics was to completely transform an area of East London that is lagging behind the rest, East London.  The idea was to leave a lasting legacy or impact not just for sport but for the urban area in the East of London.

The London 2012 Olympic Legacy was a plan to make sure that the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games had LONG TERM BENEFITS. This legacy was to cover 4 main areas; 1. Economic – supporting new jobs and skills, encouraging trade, inward investment and tourism 2. Sports – continuing elite success, development of more sports facilities and encouraging participation in schools sports and wider 3. Social and volunteering – inspiring others to volunteer and encouraging social change 4. Regeneration – reuse of venues, new homes, and improved transportation

The key for this unit is Legacy point 4 – urban regeneration.  Urban Regeneration is the whole sale improvement of the buildings and infrastructure of an area.   The Olympic athletes village was converted to a new housing area in London.

The areas hosting the Olympics like Stratford and nearby Tower Hamlets were in dire need of regeneration as they had; • a lot of abandoned old industrial sites, • low achievement at school in  terms of GCSE points score • industrial wastelands, • higher than average unemployment than the rest of London and • higher deprivation and poverty for the people that lived there • Lower household incomes then the London average as shown on the map below

There were many POSITIVES in the long run from the Olympics, in terms of regenerating East London socially, economically and environmentally.

NEXT TOPIC - UIC - Sustainability in Urban areas

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Stratford Urban Regeneration GCSE Geography Case Study

Subject: Geography

Age range: 14-16

Resource type: Assessment and revision

Last updated

25 March 2023

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This resource is relevant to the section of the AQA GCSE Geography specification which states:

“An example of an urban regeneration project to show: • reasons why the area needed regeneration • the main features of the project”

In this resource there are notes on why Stratford was in need of regeneration, the benefits of the regeneration that took place and the main features of the regeneration project. It contains accurate statistics and knowledge which will be excellent in exam questions, specifically 9 markers. I used these exact statistics and knowledge in my exam and this greatly contributed to my grade 9.

I collated knowledge for my case studies onto documents such as these over long periods of time, adding to them whenever I learnt or found out something new about the study, so this document contains all of the best and most relevant information already collated and condensed for you.

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This bundle includes all of the case studies I used in my GCSE geography exams, in which I achieved a grade 9. I made documents, as part of my revision, for all of the case studies, in a table format which helped me to remember the facts. I spent hours collating my knowledge of the case studies onto these documents, combining class learning with internet research to ensure that I had the most relevant, impressive knowledge and statistics to use in my exams. Purchasing these will save so much time and provide you with all the knowledge that the specification requires. I followed the AQA GCSE geography specification line by line, to ensure my revision and case studies included all of the details required and that I didn't miss a thing.

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Stratford Place Study and Olympic Park Regeneration

• Created by: Larissabrooke1305
• Created on: 09-04-21 08:04

Stratford Place Study

What type of place is Stratford?

·          Post industrial, mainly tertiary based economy, large cultural and ethnic mix.

·          Huge disparities in wealth, one of the most deprived boroughs in London.

·          Influxes of capital in the last 15 years for regeneration projects hoping to improve QofL.

Factors affecting Character of Place

Endogenous Factors

·          Location

®      N of Thames, E of River Lea, East End, Newham

·          Land Use

®      Fish Island: Rapid industrial expansion around waterways and railways

®      Blitz WW2 = Carpenters Estate

®      Deindustrialisation = mass unemployment, outsourcing, dereliction of industrial parks leaving brownfield sites.

®      Green space from cleaned up BF sites, Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park

·          Built Environment

®      Fish Island: Victorian terrace housing

®      Council housing = affordable

®      Stratford Plaza, East Village, Westfield, Arcelor Mittal Orbit

·          Infrastructure

®      UEL campus

®      Low Emissions Zone

®      Stratford Station

®      Stratford Regional = UK’s 7 th busiest station

®      Highest rate of households in temp acc at 48 in 1000.

·          Demographics

®      White British = largest ethnic group (44% born in England)

®      Christianity + Islam = main religions

®      Average age = 30

·          Economic Profile

®      Industrial to post industrial economy

®      Westfield = one of Europe’s largest shopping centres

®      29% jobs are low paid

®      6 th most deprived borough in London

®      Income deprivation, child poverty and the elderly living in deprivation are all significantly higher than NA.

®      12.8% own their homes (NA = 30%)

®      Gross added value of £1660 million in 2017 from real estate

Exogenous Factors

®      Flows of People

®      International in-migration to Newham = 33% 2018-9

®      Culturally diverse: 42% immigrants from outside EU (NA= 9.4%)

®      Pop. of Newham that is NOT White British = 83.3% (NA = 20.2%)

®      Flows of Capital

®      £9 billion for accelerated regeneration

®      Olympic village = 3500 new homes (half affordable)

®      Construction of Sugar House Island by Vastint (International org)

®      Stratford Halo, Stratosphere, East Village, Stratford Plaza

®      £4 billion investment from 2012 over next 15 years

®      Flows of Resources

®      Unilever factories

®      HS1 and cross rail lines

®      Flows of Ideas

®      Anish Kapoor: ArcelorMittal Orbital

®      Zaha Hadid: London Aquatics Centre

How Stratford has Changed

Remained the same or change over time?

19 th Century: industrial suburb, train station, noxious trade established (Stinky Stratford)

Bombed heavily during WW2, 27% of residential property destroyed, economic decline.

1970s-2000s: Stratford Centre = indoor market village, Stratford City Challenge = new cultural quarter (Stratford Picture House), Stratford Circus Art Centre

Pre Olympics: 33 buildings demolished for Olympic Stadium, UEL former halls of residence demolished, 193 businesses …

• Case studies Rural and urban challenges and regeneration

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