reference thesis article

APA Style 7th Edition: Citing Your Sources

• Basics of APA Formatting
• In Text Quick View
• Block Quotes
• Books & eBooks
• Thesis/Dissertation

Standard Format

Formatting rules, various examples.

• Audiovisual
• Conference Presentations
• Social Media
• Legal References
• Reports and Gray Literature
• Academic Integrity and Plagiarism
• Additional Resources
• Reference Page

Adapted from American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed).  https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

Formatting:

• Italicize the title
• Identify whether source is doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis in parentheses after the title

See Ch. 10 pp. 313-352 of APA Manual for more examples and formatting rules

• << Previous: Articles
• Next: Websites >>
• Last Updated: Jun 5, 2024 4:00 PM
• URL: https://libguides.usc.edu/APA7th

• AUT Library
• Library Guides
• Referencing styles and applications

APA 7th Referencing Style Guide

• Theses and dissertations
• Referencing & APA style
• In-text citation
• Elements of a reference
• Format & examples of a reference list
• Conferences
• Reports & grey literature
• Figures (graphs and images)

Terminology - Thesis, dissertation or exegesis?

Published theses and dissertations, unpublished theses and dissertations.

• Audio works
• Films, TV & video
• Visual works
• Generative artificial intelligence (AI)
• Computer software, games & apps
• Lecture notes & Intranet resources
• Legal resources
• Personal communications
• PowerPoint slides
• Social media
• Specific health examples
• Standards & patents
• Websites & webpages
• Footnotes and appendices
• Frequently asked questions

Thesis and dissertation can mean different things depending on where the degree is awarded. Always check the title page, or subsequent pages, to determine exactly what the work is and use the information for your reference. ​

Auckland University of Technology (and other NZ universities)

• Thesis is either for a doctoral or a master's degree.
• Dissertation is either for a master's or a bachelor's degree with honours.
• Exegesis is the written component of a practice-based thesis where the major output is a creative work;  e.g., a film, artwork, novel.

Other parts of the world

• In North America and some other countries, dissertation is used for a doctoral degree and thesis for a master's degree.

Theses available in a database, a university archive or from a personal website.

Reference format

Theses published online (e.g. in institutional repositories), theses from proquest dissertations and theses global.

Find how to cite in text on the  In-text citation  page.

 Unpublished thesis or dissertations are usually sourced directly from the university in print form.

 Reference format

• << Previous: Tables
• Next: Audiovisual media >>
• Last Updated: Jun 5, 2024 9:32 AM
• URL: https://aut.ac.nz.libguides.com/APA7th

• Subject guides
• Citing and referencing
• Theses/Dissertations

Citing and referencing: Theses/Dissertations

• In-text citations
• Reference list
• Books and book chapters
• Journals/Periodicals
• Newspapers/Magazines
• Government and other reports
• Legal sources
• Websites and social media
• Audio, music and visual media
• Conferences
• Dictionaries/Encyclopedias/Guides
• University course materials
• Company and Industry reports
• Patents and Standards
• Tables and Figures
• Abbreviations used in referencing
• Medicine and Health sources
• Foreign language sources
• Music scores
• Journals and periodicals
• Government sources
• News sources
• Web and social media
• Games and apps
• Ancient and sacred sources
• Primary sources
• Audiovisual media and music scores
• Images and captions
• University lectures, theses and dissertations
• Interviews and personal communication
• Archival material
• In-Text Citations: Further Information
• Reference List: Standard Abbreviations
• Data Sheets (inc. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS))
• Figures & Tables (inc. Images)
• Lecture Materials (inc. PowerPoint Presentations)
• Reports & Technical Reports
• Theses and Dissertations
• Reference list guidelines
• Journal articles
• Government and industry publications
• Websites, newspaper and social media
• Conference papers, theses and university material
• Video and audio
• Images, graphs, tables, data sets
• Personal communications
• In-text Citations
• Journals / Periodicals
• Encyclopedias and Dictionaries
• Interviews and lectures
• Music Scores / Recordings
• Film / Video Recording
• Television / Radio Broadcast
• Online Communication / Social Media
• Live Performances
• Government and Organisation Publications
• Medicine & health sources
• Government/organisational/technical reports
• Images, graphs, tables, figures & data sets
• Websites newspaper & magazine articles, socia media
• Conferences, theses & university materials
• Personal communication & confidential unpublished material
• Video, audio & other media
• Generative AI
• Indigenous knowledges

APA Contents

• Introduction to APA style
• In-Text Citations
• Abbreviations
• Audio and Visual media
• Journals/periodicals
• Tables and figures
• Sample reference list

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

• Follow these examples closely for all layout, punctuation, spacing, italicizing and capitalizing.
• The title should be italicized and followed by Doctoral dissertation or Master's thesis in brackets.
• If the work is retrieved from a database it should include the name of the database and the accession number

Published Thesis

Unpublished thesis.

Home / Guides / Citation Guides / MLA Format / How to Cite a Thesis or Dissertation in MLA

How to Cite a Thesis or Dissertation in MLA

Citing a thesis or dissertation.

Thesis – A document submitted to earn a degree at a university.

Dissertation – A document submitted to earn an advanced degree, such as a doctorate, at a university.

The formatting for thesis and dissertation citations is largely the same. However, you should be sure to include the type of degree after the publication year as supplemental information. For instance, state if the source you are citing is an undergraduate thesis or a PhD dissertation.

MLA Thesis and Dissertation Citation Structure (print)

Last, First M.  Title of the Thesis/Dissertation. Year Published. Name of University, type of degree.

MLA Thesis and Dissertation Citation Structure (online)

Last, First M.  Title of the Thesis/Dissertation. Year Published. Name of University, type of degree.  Website Name , URL.

Wilson, Peggy Lynn. Pedagogical Practices in the Teaching of English Language in Secondary Public Schools in Parker County . 2011. University of Maryland, PhD dissertation.

In-text Citation Structure

(Author Last Name page #)

In-text Citation Example

(Wilson 14)

MLA Formatting Guide

MLA Formatting

• Annotated Bibliography
• Bibliography
• Block Quotes
• et al Usage
• In-text Citations
• Paraphrasing
• Page Numbers
• Sample Paper
• Works Cited
• MLA 8 Updates
• MLA 9 Updates
• View MLA Guide

Citation Examples

• Book Chapter
• Journal Article
• Magazine Article
• Newspaper Article
• Website (no author)
• View all MLA Examples

How useful was this post?

Click on a star to rate it!

We are sorry that this post was not useful for you!

Let us improve this post!

Tell us how we can improve this post?

MLA Citation Examples

Writing Tools

Citation Generators

Other Citation Styles

Plagiarism Checker

Upload a paper to check for plagiarism against billions of sources and get advanced writing suggestions for clarity and style.

Get Started

• Plagiarism and grammar
• Citation guides
• Cite This For Me™ Premium

Reference a Thesis

- powered by chegg.

Cite smarter, worry less with Cite This For Me Premium

Upgrade to save your work, check with plagiarism, and more, is your source credible don't forget to consider these factors:, purpose : reason the source exists.

• Is the point of the information to inform, persuade, teach, or sell?
• Do the authors/publishers make their intentions clear?
• Does the information appear to be fact or opinion?
• Does the point of view seem impartial? Do they identify counter-arguments?

Authority - Author:Source of the information

• Who is the author? What are their credentials or qualifications?
• What makes the author qualified to write on this topic?
• Are there clearly defined contact information for the author?

Authority - Publisher:Source of the information

• Who is the publisher? Is it a non-profit, government agency, or organisation? How might this affect their point of view?
• What makes the publisher qualified to generate works on this subject?
• What can the URL tell you about the publisher? For instance, .gov may signify that it is a government agency.

Accuracy : Reliability and truthfulness of the content

• Where does the information come from?
• Can the information presented be verified? Is it supported by evidence that is clearly cited?
• Does the language used seem free of emotion, and does the work seem impartial and objective?
• Are there any spelling or grammatical errors? If an online source, are all links working?
• If it was reproduced, who edited/reproduced it? Where was the information originally published?
• How original are the ideas presented in the work? Do they seem to be common knowledge?

Relevance : Importance of the information to your topic

• Does the information relate to your topic, or answer the question you have presented?
• Who is the intended audience of the work? Does that audience match with yours?
• Have you looked at other sources related to this one? Does it seem there are many others on the topic?
• Are you utilizing the entire source, or just a part of it?

Currency : Timeliness of the information

• When was the information published? When was it last updated? Does it reflect the most current information available?
• How does your topic fit in with this source’s publication date? Do you need current information to make your point or do older sources work better?

Comprehensiveness

• Does the source present one or multiple viewpoints on your topic?
• Does the source present a large amount of information on the topic? Or is it short and focused?
• Are there any points you feel may have been left out, on purpose or accidentally, that affect its comprehensiveness?
• Style Guides
• Chrome Extension
• Terms of Use
• Global Privacy Policy
• Cookie Notice
• Cookie Settings

Purdue Online Writing Lab Purdue OWL® College of Liberal Arts

Welcome to the Purdue Online Writing Lab

Welcome to the Purdue OWL

This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice.

Copyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use.

The Online Writing Lab at Purdue University houses writing resources and instructional material, and we provide these as a free service of the Writing Lab at Purdue. Students, members of the community, and users worldwide will find information to assist with many writing projects. Teachers and trainers may use this material for in-class and out-of-class instruction.

The Purdue On-Campus Writing Lab and Purdue Online Writing Lab assist clients in their development as writers—no matter what their skill level—with on-campus consultations, online participation, and community engagement. The Purdue Writing Lab serves the Purdue, West Lafayette, campus and coordinates with local literacy initiatives. The Purdue OWL offers global support through online reference materials and services.

A Message From the Assistant Director of Content Development 

The Purdue OWL® is committed to supporting  students, instructors, and writers by offering a wide range of resources that are developed and revised with them in mind. To do this, the OWL team is always exploring possibilties for a better design, allowing accessibility and user experience to guide our process. As the OWL undergoes some changes, we welcome your feedback and suggestions by email at any time.

Please don't hesitate to contact us via our contact page  if you have any questions or comments.

All the best,

Social Media

Facebook twitter.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics

Determination of energetic positions of electronic states and the exciton dynamics in a π-expanded n-heterotriangulene derivative adsorbed on au(111) †.

* Corresponding authors

a Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Tel: +49 (0) 6221 548475

b Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany

Bridged triarylamines, so-called N-heterotriangulenes (N-HTAs) are promising organic semiconductors for applications in optoelectronic devices. Thereby the electronic structure at organic/metal interfaces and within thin films as well as the electronically excited states dynamics after optical excitation is essential for the performance of organic-molecule-based devices. Here, we investigated the energy level alignment and the excited state dynamics of a N-HTA derivative adsorbed on Au(111) by means of energy- and time-resolved two-photon photoemission spectroscopy. We quantitatively determined the energetic positions of several occupied and unoccupied molecular (transport levels) and excitonic states (optical gap) in detail. A transport gap of 3.20 eV and an optical gap of 2.58 eV is determined, resulting in an exciton binding energy of 0.62 eV. With the first time-resolved investigation on a N-HTA compound we gained insights into the exciton dynamics and resolved processes on the femtosecond to picosecond timescale.

Supplementary files

• Supplementary information PDF (401K)

Article information

Download Citation

Permissions.

Determination of energetic positions of electronic states and the exciton dynamics in a π-expanded N-heterotriangulene derivative adsorbed on Au(111)

J. Steidel, I. Michalsky, M. Ajdari, M. Kivala and P. Tegeder, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. , 2024, Advance Article , DOI: 10.1039/D4CP01713G

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence . You can use material from this article in other publications without requesting further permissions from the RSC, provided that the correct acknowledgement is given.

Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content .

Social activity

Search articles by author.

This article has not yet been cited.

Advertisements

Help | Advanced Search

Electrical Engineering and Systems Science > Image and Video Processing

Title: multi-task multi-scale contrastive knowledge distillation for efficient medical image segmentation.

Abstract: This thesis aims to investigate the feasibility of knowledge transfer between neural networks for medical image segmentation tasks, specifically focusing on the transfer from a larger multi-task "Teacher" network to a smaller "Student" network. In the context of medical imaging, where the data volumes are often limited, leveraging knowledge from a larger pre-trained network could be useful. The primary objective is to enhance the performance of a smaller student model by incorporating knowledge representations acquired by a teacher model that adopts a multi-task pre-trained architecture trained on CT images, to a more resource-efficient student network, which can essentially be a smaller version of the same, trained on a mere 50% of the data than that of the teacher model. To facilitate knowledge transfer between the two models, we devised an architecture incorporating multi-scale feature distillation and supervised contrastive learning. Our study aims to improve the student model's performance by integrating knowledge representations from the teacher model. We investigate whether this approach is particularly effective in scenarios with limited computational resources and limited training data availability. To assess the impact of multi-scale feature distillation, we conducted extensive experiments. We also conducted a detailed ablation study to determine whether it is essential to distil knowledge at various scales, including low-level features from encoder layers, for effective knowledge transfer. In addition, we examine different losses in the knowledge distillation process to gain insights into their effects on overall performance.

Submission history

Access paper:.

• Other Formats

References & Citations

• Google Scholar
• Semantic Scholar

BibTeX formatted citation

Bibliographic and Citation Tools

Code, data and media associated with this article, recommenders and search tools.

• Institution

arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators

arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website.

Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them.

Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs .

Search within the TIB website or find specialist literature and information in the TIB Portal.

The TIB Portal allows you to search the library's own holdings and other data sources simultaneously. By restricting the search to the TIB catalogue, you can search exclusively for printed and digital publications in the entire stock of the TIB library.

Spielwiese MOOCs – Drei Experimente im #neuland (German)

• New search for: Pscheida, Daniela
• New search for: Lißner, Andrea
• New search for: Müller, Maria
• New search for: DIPF | Leibniz-Institut für Bildungsforschung und Bildungsinformation
• Further information on DIPF | Leibniz-Institut für Bildungsforschung und Bildungsinformation:

• ISBN: 978-3-8309-3338-0
• Article/Chapter (Book)  /  Electronic Resource

How to get this title?

Show citation formats, export, share and cite, pricing information, please choose your delivery country and your customer group.

*   Mandatory field

Der Artikel leistet einen Beitrag zur Dokumentation und Systematisierung von Erfahrungen bei der Durchführung interdisziplinär ausgerichteter und interinstitutionell produzierter Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). Vorgestellt werden drei Kurse, die als Praxisexperimente unterschiedliche didaktische Konzepte, Themen, Zielstellungen sowie Zielgruppen adressierten und auf verschiedenen technologischen Infrastrukturen basierten. Im Fokus stehen die „Lessons Learned“ für den Einsatz von MOOCs im Hochschulkontext. (DIPF/Orig.)

More details on this result

• Title: Spielwiese MOOCs – Drei Experimente im #neuland
• Contributors: Pscheida, Daniela ( author ) / Lißner, Andrea ( author ) / Müller, Maria ( author ) / DIPF | Leibniz-Institut für Bildungsforschung und Bildungsinformation ( host institution )
• Published in: Digitale Medien und Interdisziplinarität ; Medien in der Wissenschaft, 68 ; 132-140
• Publisher: Waxmann : Münster, u.a.
• New search for: Waxmann : Münster, u.a.
• Publication date: 2015
• Remarks: Nistor, Nicolae [Hrsg.]; Schirlitz, Sabine [Hrsg.]: Digitale Medien und Interdisziplinarität. Münster, u.a. : Waxmann 2015, S. 132-140. - (Medien in der Wissenschaft; 68)
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.25656/01:11347
• Type of media: Article/Chapter (Book)
• Type of material: Electronic Resource
• Language: German
• New search for: 370
• Further information on Dewey Decimal Classification
• Keywords: Virtuelles Studium , Virtuelle Gemeinschaft , Mediendidaktik , Hochschulentwicklung , Hochschuldidaktik , Virtuelle Lehre , Medieneinsatz , Hochschullehre , Medienpädagogik , Mediennutzung University didactics , University teaching , University lecturing , Media didactics , Utilization of media , Deployment of media , Media pedagogics , Higher education lecturing , University development , Media education , Use of media , Utilisation of media
• Licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.de
• Source: DataCite

Table of contents

Table of contents ebook.

The tables of contents are generated automatically and are based on the data records of the individual contributions available in the index of the TIB portal. The display of the Tables of Contents may therefore be incomplete.

Similar titles