comprehensible output hypothesis pdf

The comprehensible output (CO) hypothesis states that we acquire language when we attempt to transmit a message but fail and have to try again. Eventually, we arrive at the correct form of our utterance, our conversational partner finally understands, and we acquire the new form we have produced. The originator of the comprehensible output ...

1 Introduction. In the SLA literature, the role of output in language learning process was relatively unexplored at the very beginning (Izumi, 1999, p.46). Input was considered an important factor for language learning and remained a hot-spot of research in the 1980s. Krashen (1985) proposed the Input Hypothesis, claiming that " If input is ...

plicate the significance of the Comprehensible Output Hypothesis to my self-directedlearning, I will concentrate on three issues: (1) comprehensi­ ble output and negative input; (2) comprehensible output and incomprehen­ sible output; (3) comprehensible output and comprehensible input. In con­

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Swain's Comprehensible Output Hypothesis (1985) maintains that the development of a learner's communicative competence does not merely depend on comprehensible input: the learner's output has an ...

Swain's Comprehensible Output Hypothesis (1985) maintains that the development of a learner's communicative competence does not merely depend on comprehensible input: the learner's output has an ...

Download as PDF; Printable version ... One theory of language acquisition is the comprehensible output hypothesis. Developed by Merrill Swain, the comprehensible output (CO) hypothesis states that learning takes place when learners encounter a gap in their linguistic knowledge of the second language (L2).

hypotheses set at the outset, the first hypothesis predicting greater noticing. of the target form for the EG than for the CG was not confirmed in this. This was because not only the EG, but also the CG, increased significantly their noticing of the target form on the second input in the first task of 1.

Swain, the most influential figure for Output Hypothesis, has argued that comprehensible output also plays a part in L2 acquisition. She pointed out early in 1985 that only when learners are "obliged" to produce comprehensible output otherwise comprehensible input alone is insufficient to L2 learning process.

The comprehensible output (CO) hypothesis states that we acquire language when we attempt to transmit a message but fail and have to try again. Eventually, we arrive at the correct form of our utterance, our conversational partner finally understands, and we acquire the new form we have produced. The originator of the CO hypothesis, Merrill ...

comprehensible output (CO) hypothesis, there is still a severe lack of data showing that learner output or output modifications have any effect on second-language (L2)

James Asher (Asher, 2000) and Harris Winitz (Winitz, 1981) among others, also hypothesized that comprehension is the mechanism underlying language acquisition in publications that predate mine. Output Hypotheses. The chief rivals of the Comprehension Hypothesis are two kinds of "output plus feedback" hypotheses.

Semantic Scholar extracted view of "Comprehensible Output" by S. Krashen. Investigating the impact of Swain's (1985) oral pushed output hypothesis on EFL intermediate students' L2 oral production under a mixed method approach revealed that students can modify more oral output through one-way pushed output activities than two-way activities and equalize their semantic and syntactic competence.

The constructs of comprehensible input and comprehensible output have been influential in classroom teaching for the past few decades. This chapter provides a picture of these terms critically evaluates their relevance for learning both in and out of the classroom. The chapter focuses on input and output as they relate to the Interaction Approach.

Output Hypothesis： Its History and Its Future. In this interview, Professor Swain discussed the history and future of the Output Hypothesis. First, she explained the context in which she proposed the Output Hypothesis in 1985. Then she stated that the Output Hypothesis proposes producing language (speaking or writing) as a part of the process ...

The significance to language acquisition of pushing for comprehensible output is discussed and Swain's thesis has proved to be of relevance to the writer's experience as a self-directed learner. In the course of his diary study dealing with communication strategies, the writer of this paper has found that the way of acquiring a language is not merely as simple as "understanding the message" as ...

Output also plays a direct role in enhancing fluency by turning declarative knowledge into procedural knowledge (Bot, 2010). 3 The study of output hypothesis theory 3.1 Theoretical research 3.1.1 The relationship between input and output hypothesis Swain's output hypothesis changes people's perception of the role of language output.

system has not been fully acquired. This can account for why comprehensible input is not the only factor in second language acquisition. Swain suggests that output is the missing factor and calls the concept: comprehensible output, which has come to be called the Output Hypothesis. To understand Output Hypothesis, we should know what output it is.

The Output Hypothesis has been examined broadly in terms of its role in second language acquisition since it was first proposed by Swain. This paper introduces the Output Hypothesis with regard to its basic claims, related research both from home and abroad. Literature will be reviewed from two main dimensions: theoretical discussions and research on teaching practice. This paper will also put ...

In an essay subsequent to his book, Krashen acknowledges a sixth hypothesis which he calls the compelling input hypothesis ( 2013 ). Simply put, he proposes based on evidence that acquisition of L2 is more successful when the input (reading and listening) is made up of material that the learner finds compelling.

hypothesis (Krashen, 1980, 1983, 1985) and an important extension of it, the input and interaction hypothesis (Long, 1980, 1983a, 1985; Pica, Young, & Doughty, 1987). ... argued that, in addition to comprehensible input, comprehensible output is also necessary for SLA. This argument hinges on the fact that learner production some-

By analyzing. and collating domestic and foreign literature, this paper studi es the five aspects of Krashen's Input. Theory in detail, expounds their resp ective definitions and aca demic ...