outline different assignment operators with examples

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Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables:

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Python Assignment Operator

The = (equal to) symbol is defined as assignment operator in Python. The value of Python expression on its right is assigned to a single variable on its left. The = symbol as in programming in general (and Python in particular) should not be confused with its usage in Mathematics, where it states that the expressions on the either side of the symbol are equal.

Example of Assignment Operator in Python

Consider following Python statements −

At the first instance, at least for somebody new to programming but who knows maths, the statement "a=a+b" looks strange. How could a be equal to "a+b"? However, it needs to be reemphasized that the = symbol is an assignment operator here and not used to show the equality of LHS and RHS.

Because it is an assignment, the expression on right evaluates to 15, the value is assigned to a.

In the statement "a+=b", the two operators "+" and "=" can be combined in a "+=" operator. It is called as add and assign operator. In a single statement, it performs addition of two operands "a" and "b", and result is assigned to operand on left, i.e., "a".

Augmented Assignment Operators in Python

In addition to the simple assignment operator, Python provides few more assignment operators for advanced use. They are called cumulative or augmented assignment operators. In this chapter, we shall learn to use augmented assignment operators defined in Python.

Python has the augmented assignment operators for all arithmetic and comparison operators.

Python augmented assignment operators combines addition and assignment in one statement. Since Python supports mixed arithmetic, the two operands may be of different types. However, the type of left operand changes to the operand of on right, if it is wider.

The += operator is an augmented operator. It is also called cumulative addition operator, as it adds "b" in "a" and assigns the result back to a variable.

The following are the augmented assignment operators in Python:

Augmented Addition Operator
Augmented Subtraction Operator
Augmented Multiplication Operator
Augmented Division Operator
Augmented Modulus Operator
Augmented Exponent Operator
Augmented Floor division Operator

Augmented Addition Operator (+=)

Following examples will help in understanding how the "+=" operator works −

It will produce the following output −

Augmented Subtraction Operator (-=)

Use -= symbol to perform subtract and assign operations in a single statement. The "a-=b" statement performs "a=a-b" assignment. Operands may be of any number type. Python performs implicit type casting on the object which is narrower in size.

Augmented Multiplication Operator (*=)

The "*=" operator works on similar principle. "a*=b" performs multiply and assign operations, and is equivalent to "a=a*b". In case of augmented multiplication of two complex numbers, the rule of multiplication as discussed in the previous chapter is applicable.

Augmented Division Operator (/=)

The combination symbol "/=" acts as divide and assignment operator, hence "a/=b" is equivalent to "a=a/b". The division operation of int or float operands is float. Division of two complex numbers returns a complex number. Given below are examples of augmented division operator.

Augmented Modulus Operator (%=)

To perform modulus and assignment operation in a single statement, use the %= operator. Like the mod operator, its augmented version also is not supported for complex number.

Augmented Exponent Operator (**=)

The "**=" operator results in computation of "a" raised to "b", and assigning the value back to "a". Given below are some examples −

Augmented Floor division Operator (//=)

For performing floor division and assignment in a single statement, use the "//=" operator. "a//=b" is equivalent to "a=a//b". This operator cannot be used with complex numbers.

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Home » Learn C Programming from Scratch » C Assignment Operators

C Assignment Operators

Summary : in this tutorial, you’ll learn about the C assignment operators and how to use them effectively.

Introduction to the C assignment operators

An assignment operator assigns the vale of the right-hand operand to the left-hand operand. The following example uses the assignment operator (=) to assign 1 to the counter variable:

After the assignmment, the counter variable holds the number 1.

The following example adds 1 to the counter and assign the result to the counter:

The = assignment operator is called a simple assignment operator. It assigns the value of the left operand to the right operand.

Besides the simple assignment operator, C supports compound assignment operators. A compound assignment operator performs the operation specified by the additional operator and then assigns the result to the left operand.

The following example uses a compound-assignment operator (+=):

The expression:

is equivalent to the following expression:

The following table illustrates the compound-assignment operators in C:

A simple assignment operator assigns the value of the left operand to the right operand.
A compound assignment operator performs the operation specified by the additional operator and then assigns the result to the left operand.

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Python Assignment Operator

Introduction

Chained Assignment

Shorthand assignment, shorthand assignment operators, playground: assignment operator practice, assignment methods.

All assignment operators are used to assign values to variables. Wait, is there more than one assignment operator? Yes, but they're all quite similar to the ones you've seen. You've used the most common assignment operator, and its symbol is a single equals sign ( = ).

For example, to assign x the value of 10 you type the following:

Different Assignment Methods

You have used this assignment statement before to assign values to variables. Apart from this very common way of using it, a few other situations use the same symbol for slightly different assignments.

You can assign the same value to multiple variables in one swoop by using an assignment chain:

This construct assigns 10 to x , y , and z . Using the chained assignment statement in Python is rare, but if you see it around, now you know what that's about.

Shorthand assignments, on the other hand, are a common occurrence in Python code. This is where the other assignment operators come into play. Shorthand assignments make writing code more efficient and can improve readability---at least once you know about them!

For example, think of a situation where you have a variable x and you want to add 1 to that variable:

This works well and is perfectly fine Python code. However, there is a more concise way of writing the same code using shorthand assignment :

Check out how the second line in these two code snippets is different. You don't need to write the name of the variable x a second time using the shorthand operator += like in the example above.

Both code examples shown achieve the exact same result and are equivalent. The shorthand assignment allows you to use less code to complete the task.

Python comes with a couple of shorthand assignment operators. Some of the most common ones include the following:

These operators are combinations of familiar arithmetic operators with the assignment operator ( = ). You have already used some of Python's arithmetic operators, and you'll learn more about them in the upcoming lesson.

Play around and combine different operators you can think of with the assignment operator below.

Which ones work and do what you expect them to?
Which ones don't?

Summary: Python Assignment Operator

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables
Shorthand assignment is the most commonly used in Python
The table summarizing the assignment operators is provided in the lesson
Chain Assignment : A method used to assign multiple variables at one
Shorthand Assignment : A series of short forms for manipulating data

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The assignment operator allows us to change the value of a modifiable data object (for beginning programmers this typically means a variable). It is associated with the concept of moving a value into the storage location (again usually a variable). Within C++ programming language the symbol used is the equal symbol. But bite your tongue, when you see the = symbol you need to start thinking: assignment. The assignment operator has two operands. The one to the left of the operator is usually an identifier name for a variable. The one to the right of the operator is a value.

The value 21 is moved to the memory location for the variable named: age. Another way to say it: age is assigned the value 21.

The item to the right of the assignment operator is an expression. The expression will be evaluated and the answer is 14. The value 14 would assigned to the variable named: total_cousins.

The expression to the right of the assignment operator contains some identifier names. The program would fetch the values stored in those variables; add them together and get a value of 44; then assign the 44 to the total_students variable.

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Operators are special symbols that perform operations on variables and values. For example,

Here, + is an operator that adds two numbers: 5 and 6 .

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Types of Python Operators

Here's a list of different types of Python operators that we will learn in this tutorial.

Arithmetic operators
Assignment Operators
Comparison Operators
Logical Operators
Bitwise Operators
Special Operators

1. Python Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc. For example,

Here, - is an arithmetic operator that subtracts two values or variables.

Example 1: Arithmetic Operators in Python

In the above example, we have used multiple arithmetic operators,

+ to add a and b
- to subtract b from a
* to multiply a and b
/ to divide a by b
// to floor divide a by b
% to get the remainder
** to get a to the power b

2. Python Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables. For example,

Here, = is an assignment operator that assigns 5 to x .

Here's a list of different assignment operators available in Python.

Example 2: Assignment Operators

Here, we have used the += operator to assign the sum of a and b to a .

Similarly, we can use any other assignment operators according to the need.

3. Python Comparison Operators

Comparison operators compare two values/variables and return a boolean result: True or False . For example,

Here, the > comparison operator is used to compare whether a is greater than b or not.

Example 3: Comparison Operators

Note: Comparison operators are used in decision-making and loops. We'll discuss more of the comparison operator and decision-making in later tutorials.

4. Python Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to check whether an expression is True or False . They are used in decision-making. For example,

Here, and is the logical operator AND . Since both a > 2 and b >= 6 are True , the result is True .

Example 4: Logical Operators

Note : Here is the truth table for these logical operators.

5. Python Bitwise operators

Bitwise operators act on operands as if they were strings of binary digits. They operate bit by bit, hence the name.

For example, 2 is 10 in binary and 7 is 111 .

In the table below: Let x = 10 ( 0000 1010 in binary) and y = 4 ( 0000 0100 in binary)

6. Python Special operators

Python language offers some special types of operators like the identity operator and the membership operator. They are described below with examples.

Identity operators

In Python, is and is not are used to check if two values are located on the same part of the memory. Two variables that are equal does not imply that they are identical.

Example 4: Identity operators in Python

Here, we see that x1 and y1 are integers of the same values, so they are equal as well as identical. Same is the case with x2 and y2 (strings).

But x3 and y3 are lists. They are equal but not identical. It is because the interpreter locates them separately in memory although they are equal.

Membership operators

In Python, in and not in are the membership operators. They are used to test whether a value or variable is found in a sequence ( string , list , tuple , set and dictionary ).

In a dictionary we can only test for presence of key, not the value.

Example 5: Membership operators in Python

Here, 'H' is in x but 'hello' is not present in x (remember, Python is case sensitive).

Similarly, 1 is key and 'a' is the value in dictionary y . Hence, 'a' in y returns False .

Introduction
Python Arithmetic Operators
Python Assignment Operators
Python Comparison Operators
Python Logical Operators
Python Bitwise operators
Python Special operators

Video: Operators in Python

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Python Operators

Written by Rahul Lath

Updated on: 07 Dec 2023

Python Tutorials

What are Python Operators?

Operators are special symbols or characters that are used in programming to do things to one or more operands.Variables, values, or expressions could be used as these operands. Like other programming languages, Python offers a wide range of operators that can be used to alter data in various ways.

Operators are an important part of programming languages like Python because they make it easier and faster for programmers to do different things with data.We can carry out operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, comparison, and many more thanks to operators.

We’ll talk about Python operators and their types in this blog article. We will focus on bitwise operators, identity operators, membership operators, comparison operators, arithmetic operators, and more.

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Python Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical operations on numeric operands. Python provides the following arithmetic operators:

Addition (+): This operator is used to add two or more values. For example, 2 + 3 = 5.
Subtraction (-): This operator is used to subtract one value from another. For example, 5 – 2 = 3.
Multiplication (*): This operator is used to multiply two or more values. For example, 2 * 3 = 6.
Division (/): This operator is used to divide one value by another. In Python 3, the division operator always returns a float value. For example, 6 / 3 = 2.0.
Modulus (%): This operator returns the remainder of a division operation. For example, 7 % 3 = 1.
Exponentiation (**): This operator is used to raise a number to a certain power. For example, 2 ** 3 = 8.
Floor Division (//): This operator performs integer division and returns the floor value of the quotient. For example, 7 // 3 = 2.

Here are some example code snippets that demonstrate the use of arithmetic operators in Python:

Addition (+)
Subtraction (-)
Multiplication (*)
Division (/)
Modulus (%)
Exponentiation (**)
Floor Division (//)

Python Assignment Operators

In Python, assignment operators are used to assign values to variables. They are a shorthand way of performing an arithmetic operation and then assigning the result back to the same variable. Assignment operators combine the operation and assignment of a variable in one step, making the code shorter and more concise. Python provides several types of assignment operators, including simple assignment, addition assignment, subtraction assignment, multiplication assignment, division assignment, modulus assignment, exponentiation assignment, floor division assignment, and bitwise assignment.

Here are some example code snippets that demonstrate the use of assignment operators in Python:

Simple assignment (=)

In this example, the value 10 is assigned to the variable x using the assignment operator.

Addition assignment (+=)

In this example, the value 5 is added to the existing value of the variable x using the addition assignment operator (+=).

Subtraction assignment (-=)

In this example, the value 5 is subtracted from the existing value of the variable x using the subtraction assignment operator (-=).

Multiplication assignment (*=)

In this example, the existing value of the variable x is multiplied by 5 using the multiplication assignment operator (*=).

Division assignment (/=)

In this example, the existing value of the variable x is divided by 5 using the division assignment operator (/=).

Modulus assignment (%=)

In this example, the existing value of the variable x is divided by 3 using the modulus assignment operator (%=), and the remainder is assigned back to x.

Exponentiation assignment (**=)

In this example, the existing value of the variable x is raised to the power of 3 using the exponentiation assignment operator (**=).

Floor division assignment (//=)

In this example, the existing value of the variable x is divided by 3 using the floor division assignment operator (//=), and the result is assigned back to x.

Bitwise assignment

In this example, the bitwise OR assignment operator (|=) is used to perform a bitwise OR operation between the existing value of the variable x (0b101) and the binary value 0b010, and the result (0b111) is assigned back to x.

Python Comparison Operators

Explanation of comparison operators: In Python, comparison operators are used to compare two values and return a Boolean value (True or False) based on the result of the comparison. Comparison operators are used to test the relationship between two values and are an important part of programming. Python provides several types of comparison operators, including equal to, not equal to, greater than, less than, greater than or equal to, and less than or equal to.

Example code snippets for comparison operators: Here are some example code snippets that demonstrate the use of comparison operators in Python:

Equal to (==)

In this example, the values of x and y are compared using the equal to operator (==), which returns True because they have the same value.

Not equal to (!=)

In this example, the values of x and y are compared using the not equal to operator (!=), which returns True because they have different values.

Greater than (>)

In this example, the values of x and y are compared using the greater than operator (>), which returns True because x is greater than y.

Less than (<)

In this example, the values of x and y are compared using the less than operator (<), which returns True because x is less than y.

Greater than or equal to (>=)

In this example, the values of x and y are compared using the greater than or equal to operator (>=), which returns True because x is equal to y.

Less than or equal to (<=)

In this example, the values of x and y are compared using the less than or equal to operator (<=), which returns True because x is less than y.

Python Logical Operators

A. Explanation of logical operators: In Python, logical operators are used to combine multiple Boolean expressions into a single expression. Logical operators include AND, OR, and NOT, and are used to evaluate whether a condition is True or False. Logical operators are useful for controlling the flow of a program, as they allow programmers to create complex conditions that must be met for certain code to be executed.

B. Example code snippets for logical operators:

Logical AND (and)

In this example, the logical AND operator (and) is used to combine two Boolean expressions. The if statement checks if both conditions are True, and since x is greater than 0 and y is less than 20, the print statement is executed.

Logical OR (or)

In this example, the logical OR operator (or) is used to combine two Boolean expressions. The if statement checks if at least one condition is True, and since x is not less than 0 but y is greater than 20, the print statement is executed.

Logical NOT (not)

In this example, the logical NOT operator (not) is used to invert the value of a Boolean expression. The if statement checks if x is not True, but since x is True, the else statement is executed and “x is True” is printed.

Python Identity Operators

A. Explanation of identity operators:

In Python, identity operators are used to compare the memory location of two objects. Identity operators include is and is not, and are used to check if two objects are the same object in memory. Identity operators are useful for checking if two variables refer to the same object, which can be important when working with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.

B. Example code snippets for identity operators:

In this example, the identity operator is (is) is used to check if x and y refer to the same object in memory. Since x and y have the same values but are different objects, the first if statement is False. However, z is assigned to the same object as x, so the second if statement is True.

In this example, the identity operator is not (is not) is used to check if x and y do not refer to the same object in memory. Since x and y have the same values but are different objects, the if statement is True.

Python Membership Operators A. Explanation of membership operators In Python, membership operators are used to test whether a value or variable is a member of a sequence or not. The membership operators are ‘in’ and ‘not in’.

The ‘in’ operator returns True if a value is found in the sequence and False otherwise. For example:

The ‘not in’ operator returns True if a value is not found in the sequence and False otherwise. For example:

B. Example code snippets for:

Example code snippet for in:

Example code snippet for not in:

Python Bitwise Operators

A. Explanation of bitwise operators

In Python, bitwise operators are used to perform bitwise operations on integers. Bitwise operators operate on bits and perform the AND, OR, XOR, and NOT operations.

The bitwise AND operator returns a 1 in each bit position where both operands have a 1, and a 0 otherwise. For example:

The bitwise OR operator returns a 1 in each bit position where either or both operands have a 1, and a 0 otherwise. For example:

The bitwise XOR operator returns a 1 in each bit position where only one of the operands has a 1, and a 0 otherwise. For example:

The bitwise NOT operator returns the complement of the operand, i.e., it flips all the bits. For example:

Note: The output is a negative number because the binary representation of -11 is 11111111111111111111111111110101 in two’s complement notation.

The left shift operator shifts the bits of the operand to the left by a specified number of positions, and fills the empty bits with 0s. For example:

Operator Precedence

A. Explanation of operator precedence :

Operator precedence refers to the order in which operators are evaluated in an expression. This is important because it can affect the outcome of an expression. Python has a set of rules for operator precedence, which are used to determine the order in which operators are evaluated.

The following is a list of Python operators in order of precedence, from highest to lowest:

Parentheses – ()
Exponentiation – **
Multiplication, Division, Modulus, and Floor Division – *, /, %, //
Addition and Subtraction – +, –
Bitwise Shifts – <<, >>
Bitwise AND – &
Bitwise XOR – ^
Bitwise OR – |
Comparison Operators – ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=
Logical NOT – not
Logical AND – and
Logical OR – or

B. Example code snippets:

In the expression 3 + 4 * 5, multiplication has a higher precedence than addition, so the expression is evaluated as 3 + (4 * 5) = 23.
In the expression 2 ** 3 ** 2, exponentiation has a higher precedence than exponentiation, so the expression is evaluated as 2 ** (3 ** 2) = 2 ** 9 = 512.
In the expression 10 + 5 % 3 * 2, multiplication and modulus have the same precedence, so they are evaluated from left to right. The expression is evaluated as 10 + (5 % 3) * 2 = 10 + 2 * 2 = 14.

X. Associativity of Operators

A. Explanation of associativity of operators:

Associativity of operators refers to the order in which operators of the same precedence are evaluated in an expression. Operators can be left-associative or right-associative. Left-associative means that the operators are evaluated from left to right, while right-associative means that the operators are evaluated from right to left.

In Python, most operators are left-associative, meaning that they are evaluated from left to right. The only right-associative operator is the exponentiation operator (**).

In the expression 4 – 3 + 2, the addition and subtraction operators have the same precedence and are left-associative. Therefore, the expression is evaluated as (4 – 3) + 2 = 1 + 2 = 3.
In the expression 2 ** 3 ** 2, the exponentiation operator is right-associative, meaning that it is evaluated from right to left. Therefore, the expression is evaluated as 2 ** (3 ** 2) = 2 ** 9 = 512.
In the expression 5 * 3 / 2, the multiplication and division operators have the same precedence and are left-associative. Therefore, the expression is evaluated as (5 * 3) / 2 = 15 / 2 = 7.5.

Equality Comparison on Floating-Point Values

A. Explanation of equality comparison on floating-point values:

In Python, comparing floating-point values for exact equality can be problematic due to precision issues. This is because floating-point numbers are represented in binary, and some decimal values cannot be represented exactly in binary. Thus, comparisons of floating-point values are often done using a tolerance, meaning the values are considered equal if they are within a certain range of each other.

For example, consider the following code snippet:

One might expect the output of this code to be True, since 0.1 + 0.2 is indeed equal to 0.3 in decimal notation. However, due to the way floating-point numbers are represented in binary, a and b are not exactly equal. Thus, the output of this code will be False.

To compare floating-point values with a tolerance in Python, you can use the built-in math.isclose() function. This function takes two arguments, the values to be compared, and an optional rel_tol argument that specifies the relative tolerance. The default value of rel_tol is 1e-9, which is often sufficient for most use cases.

Here is an example:

This code will output True, since a and b are considered close enough to be equal with the default tolerance.

In this blog post, we have covered Python operators. Operators are symbols that perform operations on one or more operands, and they are an essential part of any programming language. In Python, there are various types of operators, such as arithmetic, assignment, comparison, logical, membership, and bitwise operators.

We started by defining operators and discussing their importance in Python. We then covered the different types of operators and provided code snippets for each. We also discussed operator precedence and associativity, two important concepts that help determine the order in which operators are evaluated.

Finally, we discussed the issues with comparing floating-point values for exact equality and provided a solution using the math.isclose() function.

Operators are an essential part of any programming language, and Python is no exception. Understanding how operators work and how to use them effectively is crucial for writing efficient and effective code. By using the examples and explanations provided in this blog post, you should be well-equipped to start using operators in your Python code

What are the types of Python Operators?

Python has a wide range of operators which are used to perform different operations. There are seven categories of operators in Python which are: Arithmetic Operators: used to perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulus Comparison Operators: used to compare two values and return Boolean values of True or False Assignment Operators: used to assign values to variables Logical Operators: used to combine conditional statements and return Boolean values of True or False Bitwise Operators: used to perform bitwise operations on integers Membership Operators: used to test if a value is a member of a sequence Identity Operators: used to compare the memory locations of two objects

What is an operator in Python?

Operators in Python are special symbols that represent specific actions. These actions can be mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, etc., or logical operations like AND, OR, and NOT. Python has various types of operators that are used to perform different types of operations.

How to use %= in Python?

In Python, the %= operator is used to perform the modulus operation on two operands and then assigns the result to the left operand. For example, if we have two variables a and b, and we want to perform the modulus operation on them and assign the result to a, we can use the %= operator as follows: a %= b This is equivalent to writing: a = a % b

What does -= do in Python?

In Python, the -= operator is used to perform subtraction and assignment in a single operation. For example, if we have two variables a and b, and we want to subtract the value of b from a and then assign the result to a, we can use the -= operator as follows: a -= b This is equivalent to writing: a = a – b

outline different assignment operators with examples

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Python Operators: Arithmetic, Assignment, Comparison, Logical, Identity, Membership, Bitwise

Operators are special symbols that perform some operation on operands and returns the result. For example, 5 + 6 is an expression where + is an operator that performs arithmetic add operation on numeric left operand 5 and the right side operand 6 and returns a sum of two operands as a result.

Python includes the operator module that includes underlying methods for each operator. For example, the + operator calls the operator.add(a,b) method.

Above, expression 5 + 6 is equivalent to the expression operator.add(5, 6) and operator.__add__(5, 6) . Many function names are those used for special methods, without the double underscores (dunder methods). For backward compatibility, many of these have functions with the double underscores kept.

Python includes the following categories of operators:

Arithmetic Operators

Assignment operators, comparison operators, logical operators, identity operators, membership test operators, bitwise operators.

Arithmetic operators perform the common mathematical operation on the numeric operands.

The arithmetic operators return the type of result depends on the type of operands, as below.

If either operand is a complex number, the result is converted to complex;
If either operand is a floating point number, the result is converted to floating point;
If both operands are integers, then the result is an integer and no conversion is needed.

The following table lists all the arithmetic operators in Python:

The assignment operators are used to assign values to variables. The following table lists all the arithmetic operators in Python:

The comparison operators compare two operands and return a boolean either True or False. The following table lists comparison operators in Python.

The logical operators are used to combine two boolean expressions. The logical operations are generally applicable to all objects, and support truth tests, identity tests, and boolean operations.

The identity operators check whether the two objects have the same id value e.i. both the objects point to the same memory location.

The membership test operators in and not in test whether the sequence has a given item or not. For the string and bytes types, x in y is True if and only if x is a substring of y .

Bitwise operators perform operations on binary operands.

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Assignment operators

An assignment operator assigns a value to its left operand based on the value of its right operand.

The basic assignment operator is equal ( = ), which assigns the value of its right operand to its left operand. That is, x = y assigns the value of y to x . The other assignment operators are usually shorthand for standard operations, as shown in the following definitions and examples.

Simple assignment operator which assigns a value to a variable. The assignment operation evaluates to the assigned value. Chaining the assignment operator is possible in order to assign a single value to multiple variables. See the example.

Addition assignment

The addition assignment operator adds the value of the right operand to a variable and assigns the result to the variable. The types of the two operands determine the behavior of the addition assignment operator. Addition or concatenation is possible. See the addition operator for more details.

Subtraction assignment

The subtraction assignment operator subtracts the value of the right operand from a variable and assigns the result to the variable. See the subtraction operator for more details.

Multiplication assignment

The multiplication assignment operator multiplies a variable by the value of the right operand and assigns the result to the variable. See the multiplication operator for more details.

Division assignment

The division assignment operator divides a variable by the value of the right operand and assigns the result to the variable. See the division operator for more details.

Remainder assignment

The remainder assignment operator divides a variable by the value of the right operand and assigns the remainder to the variable. See the remainder operator for more details.

Exponentiation assignment

This is an experimental technology, part of the ECMAScript 2016 (ES7) proposal. Because this technology's specification has not stabilized, check the compatibility table for usage in various browsers. Also note that the syntax and behavior of an experimental technology is subject to change in future version of browsers as the spec changes.

The exponentiation assignment operator evaluates to the result of raising first operand to the power second operand. See the exponentiation operator for more details.

Left shift assignment

The left shift assignment operator moves the specified amount of bits to the left and assigns the result to the variable. See the left shift operator for more details.

Right shift assignment

The right shift assignment operator moves the specified amount of bits to the right and assigns the result to the variable. See the right shift operator for more details.

Unsigned right shift assignment

The unsigned right shift assignment operator moves the specified amount of bits to the right and assigns the result to the variable. See the unsigned right shift operator for more details.

Bitwise AND assignment

The bitwise AND assignment operator uses the binary representation of both operands, does a bitwise AND operation on them and assigns the result to the variable. See the bitwise AND operator for more details.

Bitwise XOR assignment

The bitwise XOR assignment operator uses the binary representation of both operands, does a bitwise XOR operation on them and assigns the result to the variable. See the bitwise XOR operator for more details.

Bitwise OR assignment

The bitwise OR assignment operator uses the binary representation of both operands, does a bitwise OR operation on them and assigns the result to the variable. See the bitwise OR operator for more details.

Left operand with another assignment operator

In unusual situations, the assignment operator (e.g. x += y ) is not identical to the meaning expression (here x = x + y ). When the left operand of an assignment operator itself contains an assignment operator, the left operand is evaluated only once. For example:

Specifications

Browser compatibility.

Arithmetic operators

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What are Operators in Python - Types of Operators in Python ( With Examples )

Python Operators: An Overview

Operators in Python Programming are the fundamental concepts that are important to know. These operators are needed to perform various operations in Python such as arithmetic calculations, logical evaluations, bitwise manipulations, etc.

In this Python Tutorial , you will get to know about Python Operators, Types of Operators in Python with Example, and Precedence of Operators in Python. If you are new to Python and want to learn it from scratch, our Python Certification Training will help you with that.

What are Operators in Python?

In Python, operators are special symbols or keywords that carry out operations on values and python variables . They serve as a basis for expressions, which are used to modify data and execute computations. Python contains several operators, each with its unique purpose.

Types of Python Operators

Arithmetic Operators
Comparison (Relational) Operators
Assignment Operators
Logical Operators
Bitwise Operators
Membership Operators
Identity Operators

2. Python Comparison Operators

To compare two values, Python comparison operators are needed.
Based on the comparison, they produce a Boolean value (True or False).

Example of Python Comparison Operators

This code compares the values of python variables 'a' and 'b' and prints if they are equal, not equal, greater than, less than, more than or equal to, and less than or equal to each other.

3. Python Assignment Operators

Python assignment operators are used to assign values to variables in Python .
The single equal symbol (=) is the most fundamental assignment operator.
It assigns the value on the operator's right side to the variable on the operator's left side.

Example of Python Assignment Operators

The Python assignment operators are shown in this code in the Python Editor . It begins with the value of 'a' equal to 10, and then goes through the steps of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, remainder, exponentiation, and floor division, updating 'a' as necessary and outputting the results.

4. Python Bitwise Operators

Python bitwise operators execute operations on individual bits of binary integers.
They work with integer binary representations, performing logical operations on each bit location.
Python includes various bitwise operators, such as AND (&), OR (|), NOT (), XOR (), left shift (), and right shift (>>).

Example of Python Bitwise Operators

The binary representations of the numbers 'a and b' are subjected to bitwise operations in this code. It displays the results of binary AND, OR, XOR, Ones Complement, Left Shift, and Right Shift operations.

5. Python Logical Operators

Python logical operators are used to compose Boolean expressions and evaluate their truth values.
They are required for the creation of conditional statements as well as for managing the flow of execution in programs.
Python has three basic logical operators: AND, OR, and NOT.

Example of Python Logical Operators in Python Online Editor

The code assigns the values 5 and 10 to variables x and y. It determines whether x is larger than 3 and y is less than 15. If both conditions are met, it writes "Both x and y are within the specified range."

6. Python Membership Operators

Python membership operators are used to determine whether or not a certain value occurs within a sequence.
They make it simple to determine the membership of elements in various Python data structures such as lists , tuples , sets, and strings .
Python has two primary membership operators: the in and not in operators.

Example of Python Membership Operators

The code defines a list of fruits and tests to see if the word "banana" appears in the list. If it is, the message "Yes, banana is a fruit!" is displayed; otherwise, the message "No, banana is not a fruit!" is displayed.

7. Python Identity Operators

Python identity operators are used to compare two objects' memory addresses rather than their values.
If the two objects refer to the same memory address, they evaluate to True; otherwise, they evaluate to False.
Python includes two identity operators: the is and is not operators.

Example of Python Identity Operators

The code sets the variables x and y to 10 and 5, respectively. It then uses the is keyword to determine whether x and y relate to the same item in memory. If they are, it displays "x and y are the same object"; otherwise, it displays "x and y are not the same object."

Python Operators Precedence

Python Operators Precedence can be explained by this given table,

Best Practices

Guidelines for using operators effectively.

You must use parentheses to write more readable and clearer expressions.
Python allows for chaining operators but using it in excess will only make the code more complex and difficult to read so avoid it as much as you can.
Use names for variables that clearly describe the purpose of the operands.
Pay extra attention while using Membership and Identity operators.
Use Bitwise operators only when necessary as they can be a little complicated to use.
Test your code thoroughly to check if all the operators are working correctly or not.

Tips for writing clean and efficient code

It is always advisable to sticking to the coding standards and style guidelines like PEF 8 (Python), Google's Python Style Guide.
Make variable names as descriptive and meaningful as possible.
Maintain the conciseness of your functions so that it is easy to read, test and debug.
Avoid repetition of the code.
Write comments explaining the logic wherever needed clearly and concisely.

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Basic Operators in Python With Examples

Operators are symbols which tells the interpreter to do a specific operation such as arithmetic, comparison, logical, and so on.

The different types of operators in Python are listed below:

Arithmetic Operators

Relational operators, bitwise operators, assignment operators, logical operators, membership operators, identity operators.

An arithmetic operator takes two operands as input, performs a calculation and returns the result.

Consider the expression, “a = 2 + 3” . Here, 2 and 3 are the operands and + is the arithmetic operator . The result of the operation is stored in the variable a .

Note: To get the result in floating type, one of the operands must also be of float type.

A relational operator is used to compare two operands to decide a relation between them. It returns a boolean value (true or false) based on the condition.

A bitwise operator performs operations on the operands bit by bit

Consider a = 2 (in binary notation, 10) and b = 3 (in binary notation, 11) for the below usages.

An assignment operator is used to assign values to a variable. This is usually combined with other operators (like arithmetic, bitwise) where the operation is performed on the operands and the result is assigned to the left operand.

Consider the following examples, a = 18 . Here = is an assignment operator, and the result is stored in variable a. a += 10 . Here += is an assignment operator, and the result is stored in variable a. This is same as a = a + 10.

A logical operator is used to make a decision based on multiple conditions. The logical operators used in Python are and , or and not .

A membership operator is used to identify membership in any sequence (lists, strings, tuples).

in and not in are membership operators.

in returns True if the specified value is found in the sequence. Returns False otherwise.

not in returns True if the specified value is not found in the sequence. Returns False otherwise.

An identity operator is used to check if two variables share the same memory location.

is and is not are identity operators.

is returns True if the operands refer to the same object. Returns False otherwise.

is not returns True if the operands do not refer to the same object. Returns False otherwise.

Please note that two values when equal, need not imply they are identical.

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Practice With Arithmetic Operators

Practice these programming examples to internalize these concepts.

9. Assignment Operators

The most common assignment operator is one you have already used: the equals sign = . The = assignment operator assigns the value on the right to a variable on the left. For example, v = 23 assigns the value of the integer 23 to the variable v .

When programming, it is common to use compound assignment operators that perform an operation on a variable’s value and then assign the resulting new value to that variable. These compound operators combine an arithmetic operator with the = operator, so for addition we’ll combine + with = to get the compound operator += . Let’s see what that looks like:

First, we set the variable w equal to the value of 5 , then we used the += compound assignment operator to add the right number to the value of the left variable and then assign the result to w .

Compound assignment operators are used frequently in the case of for loops, which you’ll use when you want to repeat a process several times:

With the for loop, we were able to automate the process of the *= operator that multiplied the variable w by the number 2 and then assigned the result in the variable w for the next iteration of the for loop.

Python has a compound assignment operator for each of the arithmetic operators discussed in this tutorial:

Compound assignment operators can be useful when things need to be incrementally increased or decreased, or when you need to automate certain processes in your program.

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Operators are symbols that perform operations on variables and values. For example, + is an operator used for addition, while * is also an operator used for multiplication.

Operators in Java can be classified into 5 types:

Arithmetic Operators
Assignment Operators
Relational Operators
Logical Operators
Unary Operators
Bitwise Operators

1. Java Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform arithmetic operations on variables and data. For example,

Here, the + operator is used to add two variables a and b . Similarly, there are various other arithmetic operators in Java.

Example 1: Arithmetic Operators

In the above example, we have used + , - , and * operators to compute addition, subtraction, and multiplication operations.

/ Division Operator

Note the operation, a / b in our program. The / operator is the division operator.

If we use the division operator with two integers, then the resulting quotient will also be an integer. And, if one of the operands is a floating-point number, we will get the result will also be in floating-point.

% Modulo Operator

The modulo operator % computes the remainder. When a = 7 is divided by b = 4 , the remainder is 3 .

Note : The % operator is mainly used with integers.

2. Java Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used in Java to assign values to variables. For example,

Here, = is the assignment operator. It assigns the value on its right to the variable on its left. That is, 5 is assigned to the variable age .

Let's see some more assignment operators available in Java.

Example 2: Assignment Operators

3. java relational operators.

Relational operators are used to check the relationship between two operands. For example,

Here, < operator is the relational operator. It checks if a is less than b or not.

It returns either true or false .

Example 3: Relational Operators

Note : Relational operators are used in decision making and loops.

4. Java Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to check whether an expression is true or false . They are used in decision making.

Example 4: Logical Operators

Working of Program

(5 > 3) && (8 > 5) returns true because both (5 > 3) and (8 > 5) are true .
(5 > 3) && (8 < 5) returns false because the expression (8 < 5) is false .
(5 < 3) || (8 > 5) returns true because the expression (8 > 5) is true .
(5 > 3) || (8 < 5) returns true because the expression (5 > 3) is true .
(5 < 3) || (8 < 5) returns false because both (5 < 3) and (8 < 5) are false .
!(5 == 3) returns true because 5 == 3 is false .
!(5 > 3) returns false because 5 > 3 is true .

5. Java Unary Operators

Unary operators are used with only one operand. For example, ++ is a unary operator that increases the value of a variable by 1 . That is, ++5 will return 6 .

Different types of unary operators are:

Increment and Decrement Operators

Java also provides increment and decrement operators: ++ and -- respectively. ++ increases the value of the operand by 1 , while -- decrease it by 1 . For example,

Here, the value of num gets increased to 6 from its initial value of 5 .

Example 5: Increment and Decrement Operators

In the above program, we have used the ++ and -- operator as prefixes (++a, --b) . We can also use these operators as postfix (a++, b++) .

There is a slight difference when these operators are used as prefix versus when they are used as a postfix.

To learn more about these operators, visit increment and decrement operators .

6. Java Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators in Java are used to perform operations on individual bits. For example,

Here, ~ is a bitwise operator. It inverts the value of each bit ( 0 to 1 and 1 to 0 ).

The various bitwise operators present in Java are:

These operators are not generally used in Java. To learn more, visit Java Bitwise and Bit Shift Operators .

Other operators

Besides these operators, there are other additional operators in Java.

The instanceof operator checks whether an object is an instanceof a particular class. For example,

Here, str is an instance of the String class. Hence, the instanceof operator returns true . To learn more, visit Java instanceof .

The ternary operator (conditional operator) is shorthand for the if-then-else statement. For example,

Here's how it works.

If the Expression is true , expression1 is assigned to the variable .
If the Expression is false , expression2 is assigned to the variable .

Let's see an example of a ternary operator.

In the above example, we have used the ternary operator to check if the year is a leap year or not. To learn more, visit the Java ternary operator .

Now that you know about Java operators, it's time to know about the order in which operators are evaluated. To learn more, visit Java Operator Precedence .

Introduction
Java Arithmetic Operators
Java Assignment Operators
Java Relational Operators
Java Logical Operators
Java Unary Operators
Java Bitwise Operators

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Types of operators in programming are symbols or keywords that represent computations or actions performed on operands. Operands can be variables , constants , or values , and the combination of operators and operands form expressions. Operators play a crucial role in performing various tasks, such as arithmetic calculations, logical comparisons, bitwise operations, etc.

Table of Content

Arithmetic Operators in Programming
Comparison Operators in Programming
Logical Operators in Programming
Assignment Operators in Programming
Increment and Decrement Operators in Programming
Bitwise Operators in Programming

Types of Operators in Programming:

Here are some common types of operators:

Addition ( + )
Subtraction ( - )
Multiplication ( * )
Division ( / )
Modulus ( % )
Basic Assignment ( = )
Add and Assign ( += )
Subtract and Assign ( -= )
Multiply and Assign ( *= )
Divide and Assign ( /= )
Modulus and Assign ( %= )
Increment ( ++ )
Decrement ( -- )
Unary Plus ( + )
Unary Minus ( - )
Logical NOT ( ! )
Equal to ( == )
Not Equal to ( != )
Less Than ( < )
Greater Than ( > )
Less Than or Equal To ( <= )
Greater Than or Equal To ( >= )
Logical AND ( && )
Logical OR ( || )
Bitwise AND ( & )
Bitwise OR ( | )
Bitwise XOR ( ^ )
Bitwise NOT ( ~ )
Left Shift ( << )
Right Shift ( >> )
Ternary Operator ( ?: )

These operators provide the building blocks for creating complex expressions and performing diverse operations in programming languages. Understanding their usage is crucial for writing efficient and expressive code.

Arithmetic Operators in Programming:

Arithmetic operators in programming are fundamental components of programming languages, enabling the manipulation of numeric values for various computational tasks. Here’s an elaboration on the key arithmetic operators:

These operators are foundational for mathematical calculations, financial computations, and various algorithmic implementations. They are commonly used in everyday programming scenarios, providing the tools necessary for handling numerical data and solving mathematical problems within a program. Understanding how to use arithmetic operators is essential for performing precise and efficient calculations in programming.

Comparison Operators in Programming:

Comparison operators in programming are used to compare two values or expressions and return a Boolean result indicating the relationship between them. These operators play a crucial role in decision-making and conditional statements. Here are the common comparison operators:

These operators are extensively used in conditional statements, loops, and decision-making constructs to control the flow of a program based on the relationship between variables or values. Understanding comparison operators is crucial for creating logical and effective algorithms in programming.

Logical Operators in Programming:

Logical operators in programming are used to perform logical operations on Boolean values . These operators are crucial for combining or manipulating conditions and controlling the flow of a program based on logical expressions. Here are the common logical operators:

These logical operators are frequently used in conditional statements (if, else if, else), loops, and decision-making constructs to create complex conditions based on multiple Boolean expressions. Understanding how to use logical operators is essential for designing effective and readable control flow in programming.

Assignment Operators in Programming:

Assignment operators in programming are used to assign values to variables. They are essential for storing and updating data within a program. Here are common assignment operators:

Assignment operators are fundamental for updating variable values, especially in loops and mathematical computations, contributing to the dynamic nature of programming. Understanding how to use assignment operators is essential for effective variable manipulation in a program.

Increment and Decrement Operators in Programming:

Increment and decrement operators in programming are used to increase or decrease the value of a variable by 1, respectively. They are shorthand notations for common operations and are particularly useful in loops. Here are the two types:

These operators are frequently employed in loops, especially for iterating through arrays or performing repetitive tasks. Their concise syntax enhances code readability and expressiveness.

Bitwise Operators in Programming:

Bitwise operators in programming perform operations at the bit level , manipulating individual bits of binary representations of numbers. These operators are often used in low-level programming, such as embedded systems and device drivers. Here are the common bitwise operators:

Bitwise operators are useful in scenarios where direct manipulation of binary representations or specific bit patterns is required, such as optimizing certain algorithms or working with hardware interfaces. Understanding bitwise operations is essential for low-level programming tasks.

In conclusion, operators in programming are essential for tasks like math, comparison, and logical decision-making. They handle basic operations, value comparison, and variable manipulation. Understanding these is crucial for efficient coding in different languages.

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Assignment Operators in Python
Bitwise XOR Assignment Operator . The Bitwise XOR Assignment Operator is used to perform Bitwise XOR operation on the operands and then assigning result to the left operand. Syntax: a ^= b Example: In this code we have two variables 'a' and 'b' and assigned them with some integer value. Then we have used the bitwise XOR assignment ...
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To create a new variable or to update the value of an existing one in Python, you'll use an assignment statement. This statement has the following three components: A left operand, which must be a variable. The assignment operator ( =) A right operand, which can be a concrete value, an object, or an expression.
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Different types of assignment operators are shown below: 1. "=": This is the simplest assignment operator. This operator is used to assign the value on the right to the variable on the left. Example: a = 10; b = 20; ch = 'y'; 2. "+=": This operator is combination of '+' and '=' operators. This operator first adds the current ...
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Introduction to the C assignment operators. An assignment operator assigns the vale of the right-hand operand to the left-hand operand. The following example uses the assignment operator (=) to assign 1 to the counter variable: #include<stdio.h>intmain() { int counter; // assign 1 to counter counter = 1; printf("%d\n", counter); // 1return0; }
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Assignment operators are used to assign value to a variable. The left side of an assignment operator is a variable and on the right side, there is a value, variable, or an expression. It computes the outcome of the right side and assign the output to the variable present on the left side. C supports following Assignment operators: 1.
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Assignment Operators. An assignment operator is used to assign values to a variable. This is usually combined with other operators (like arithmetic, bitwise) where the operation is performed on the operands and the result is assigned to the left operand. Consider the following examples, a = 18. Here = is an assignment operator, and the result ...
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The most common assignment operator is one you have already used: the equals sign =.The = assignment operator assigns the value on the right to a variable on the left.For example, v = 23 assigns the value of the integer 23 to the variable v. When programming, it is common to use compound assignment operators that perform an operation on a variable's value and then assign the resulting new ...
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2. Java Assignment Operators. Assignment operators are used in Java to assign values to variables. For example, int age; age = 5; Here, = is the assignment operator. It assigns the value on its right to the variable on its left. That is, 5 is assigned to the variable age. Let's see some more assignment operators available in Java.
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Operator Description Examples = (Assignment) Assigns the value on the right to the variable on the left. x = 10; assigns the value 10 to the variable x. += (Addition Assignment) ... A ^ B sets each bit to 1 if the corresponding bits in A and B are different. ~ (Bitwise NOT) Inverts the bits of a single operand, turning 0s to 1s and vice versa ...

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Arithmetic Operators

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