phd oder dr

Ph.D. & Dr. rer. nat. - Different names for a doctoral degree

Written by Karla 22.06.2021

Previously, we wrote about being a researcher in Germany. Here, we will discuss doctoral degrees and some country-dependent differences.

Internationally, a doctoral degree can be awarded in any field of science. Depending on each doctoral program and the country where it is taking place, the time and requirements to graduate vary. In the majority of cases, a degree is awarded after delivering a written thesis summarizing the research and defending it in front of a panel of experts in the specific field or a committee involved in the research study from start until completion. If you are interested in pursuing a doctoral degree in natural sciences in Germany, you should know that German institutions may award either the title of Ph.D. or Dr. rer. nat. If you are new to the German system of higher education, you may wonder about the difference between Ph.D. and Dr. rer. nat. Here we’re gonna break it down for you.

What is a Ph.D.? The Doctor of Philosophy , better known for its abbreviation Ph.D., is a degree of postgraduate education awarded for an original research study where individuals have contributed to the understanding of a field. According to the author Keith Allan Noble, the first doctoral degree was conferred in Paris around the year 1150 (Noble, 1994). In the following centuries, the Ph.D. degree gained popularity and shaped into the highest academic degree worldwide.

Why Germany uses the Dr. rer. nat. title? In Germany, the doctoral degree is awarded after one completes the process known as “Promotion”, which ends with presenting the thesis dissertation to a committee. Rather than universally receiving the Ph.D. title, latin suffixes are used to specify the field of the doctoral degree awarded in Germany (Academic positions, 2018). This is why after completing a doctoral programme in natural sciences in Germany, the degree obtained is Dr. rer. nat. from the latin Doctor rerum naturalium , or doctor of natural sciences.

Here are some examples of different discipline-specific doctoral degrees that can be obtained at the Ludwig-Maximilians-University in Munich, depending of the field of study (LMU München, 2021): Dr. rer. nat. (natural sciences) Dr. phil. nat. (humanities and natural sciences) Dr. med. (human medicine) Dr. med. dent. (dental medicine) Dr. rer. biol. hum. (human biology)

Ph.D. or Dr. rer. nat. - Is there a difference? Ph.D. and Dr. rer. nat. are both recognized as doctoral degrees. As an example of this parallelism, the Max-Planck institute states that the Dr. rer. nat. degree awarded by the Faculty of Science at the University of Tübingen is the german equivalent to a Ph.D. (Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 2021)

Some Universities give you the opportunity to choose between obtaining a Ph.D. or a Dr. rer. nat. title, which can arguably be confusing to foreigners pursuing a Ph.D. in Germany. Examples of those universities are the Freie Universität Berlin (Freie Universität Berlin, 2021) and the University of Ulm (Universität Ulm, 2020). This reinforces that a Dr. rer. nat. degree is equivalent to a Ph.D.

Nevertheless, keep in mind that you should be careful about what you call yourself in official documents in Germany. According to German regulations, if you have a Ph.D. title you are allowed to write your name as either “Name Surname, Ph.D.” or “Dr. Name Surname”. Conversely, if you have a Dr. rer. nat. title you can only use it like this or as “Dr. Name Surname”. Make sure to comply when writing any official documents! Written by Karla Azucena Juárez Núñez; Edited by Gabrielle Sant. Image: NGC/Design.

LMU München. 2021. Doctoral degrees. Retrieved from this link .

Freie Universität Berlin. 2021. Dr. rer. nat. or Ph.D.?. Retrieved from this link .

Academic positions. 2018. German Academic Job Titles Explained. Retrieved from this link .

Universität Ulm. 2020. Infos zur Promotion. Retrieved from this link .

Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology. 2021. PhD Degree/ Dr. rer. nat. Retrieved from this link .

Noble, Keith Allan. 1994. Changing Doctoral Degrees: An International Perspective. Taylor and Francis, 1900 Frost Road, Suite 101, Bristol, PA 19007-1598.

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Dr. vs. PhD: Was ist der Unterschied?

Das Wichtigste auf einen Blick

• Während in Deutschland am Ende eines Promotionsstudiums der Doktortitel verliehen wird, ist es in englischsprachigen Ländern meistens der PhD.
• Beide Grade berechtigen zum Lehren an einer Universität und werden international anerkannt.
• Die Systeme der beiden Titel haben jedoch einige Unterschiede.

Dr. oder PhD?

Wenn Du Deinen Bachelor und Master bereits hinter Dir hast, die Universität aber nicht verlassen möchtest, bietet es sich an, in der Forschung und Entwicklung zu arbeiten . Dazu benötigst Du einen Promotionsplatz – und von denen gibt es immer mehr. Das ist die Reaktion auf die Nachfrage der wachsenden Zahl an Studenten in Deutschland. Wissenschaft und Forschung werden aber auch international immer wichtiger . So bietet sich Dir vielleicht sogar die Chance, die Promotion mit einem Auslandsaufenthalt zu verknüpfen.

Was bringt ein Dr. oder PhD?

Wer denkt, der Doktortitel sorgt nur für Anerkennung oder schmückt den eigenen Namen, liegt falsch. Ein Doktortitel öffnet nicht nur Türen in Medizinberufen oder im naturwissenschaftlichen Sektor. Auch Juristen und Wirtschaftswissenschaftler verdienen mit einem Titel spürbar mehr oder bekommen sogar erst dadurch Zugang zu höheren Positionen . Für Geisteswissenschaftler bedeutet der Titel leider kaum Zuwachs beim Gehalt, dafür kannst Du in einem Sektor forschen, der Dich interessiert, oder auch am Lehrstuhl arbeiten.

Begriffliche Unterscheidung

Während der klassische Grad des Doktors in Deutschland verbreitet ist, wird in englischsprachigen Ländern vor allem vom PhD , also vom Philosophical doctorate, gesprochen. Das leitet sich vom lateinischen philosophiae doctor ab, der aus der antiken Wissenschaftstradition kommt, heute aber nichts mehr mit dem Fach Philosophie zu tun hat . Stattdessen berechtigt der Titel zum selbstständigen und alleinverantwortlichen Lehren an einer Universität. Gleichzustellen ist der PhD im Englischsprachigen jedoch nicht mit einer Promotion in medizinischen Fächern. Hierbei handelt es sich um einen MD-PhD, der nur an Schools of Medicine verliehen wird. Der PhD hat meistens noch den Zusatz ‚in’, der angibt, in welchem Fach man den Titel erlangt hat.

Die wichtigsten Unterschiede

Dr. vs. PhD

4–6 Jahre (ausgenommen Mediziner)

Viel Eigenarbeit

Ausrichtung

Starke Bindung an Professor und Lehrstuhl

Angestrebtes Karriereziel

Strukturiert; Vorlesungen & Kurse gehören zum Programm

Betreuung und Austausch; Keine feste Bindung an einen Lehrstuhl oder einen Professor

Der Hauptunterschied zwischen Dr. und PhD ist also, dass man beim PhD nicht an einen bestimmten Lehrstuhl gebunden ist. Damit kannst Du beim PhD auch leichter den Betreuer wechseln. Beim Dr. ist das in der Regel schwer bis gar nicht möglich. Zusätzlich musst Du beim PhD im Schnitt eine größere Anzahl an Kursen belegen - also im Endeffekt mehr ECTS Credits sammeln. Der Umfang und die erwartete Qualität Deiner Doktorarbeit bzw. Deiner PhD-Thesis unterscheiden sich jedoch nicht voneinander. In jedem Fall ist sehr viel Eigenarbeit gefragt.

Achtung: Dr. nicht in PhD übersetzen

Auch wenn der deutsche Doktortitel im Ausland genauso anerkannt wird wie der PhD, solltest Du ihn auf gar keinen Fall übersetzen. Das ist sogar illegal . Grund dafür ist der Unterschied der beiden Systeme – vor allem die wissenschaftliche Forschung in PhD-Programmen ist intensiver als im Promotionsstudium.

Weitere Artikel

PhD oder Doktortitel - Was passt zu Dir?

Auch wenn der PhD im Ausland für Arbeiten auf Augenhöhe mit den Professoren steht, darfst Du das natürlich nicht verallgemeinern. Es kann sowohl im Ausland als auch an deutschen Universitäten große Unterschiede im Promotionsstudium geben. Falls Du die Wahl zwischen beiden Optionen hast, ist es wichtig, dass Du Dir Gedanken über Deine Zukunft machst. Dazu gehört zum Beispiel auch die Frage danach, wo Du später arbeiten möchtest. Du solltest Dich außerdem fragen, ob Du für diese Zeit ins Ausland gehen willst .

Falls Du das mit Nein beantwortest, der PhD aber trotzdem besser zu Dir passt, kannst Du nach geeigneten Programmen in Deutschland suchen, die es mittlerweile auch schon gibt.

Wo finde ich Doktorandenstellen?

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Phd - foundation models for improving and auditing data at scale, phd - mems sensors robustness and miniaturization, professur (m/w/d) für maschinenbau – schwerpunkt: versorgungs- und energiemanagement, doktorand – auftrennung von metalllegierungen in elementare bestandteile (w/m/d), post-doc in der versorgungsforschung mit routinedaten (m/w/d), doktorand – kostenoptimale direct-air-capture-and-storage-anlagenparks zur realisierung von treibhausgasneutralität (w/m/d), promotion - hybride modellierung von mechanischen prozessen in der halbleiterfertigung, promotion im bereich der entwicklung von kathoden für lkw-anwendungen ab juli 2024, wissenschaftliche mitarbeiterin / wissenschaftlicher mitarbeiter (m/w/d) medizindidaktik und ausbildungsforschung als post-doktorand mit option der habilitation.

Doctorate vs. PhD: Understanding the Key Differences [2024]

If you’re interested in pursuing a doctoral degree, you may wonder about the differences between a doctorate vs. PhD.

A doctorate and a PhD are both terminal degrees that allow you to develop specialized knowledge and skills in your chosen field. But these degrees typically have different areas of focus, requirements, and career outcomes.

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Understanding the difference between PhD and doctorate can help you pick the degree that most aligns with your career aspirations and interests.

What’s the Difference Between Doctorate vs. PhD Degrees?

A doctorate and a Ph.D. are the highest college degrees students can earn. Graduates of both types of programs receive the title of “doctor” and may qualify for specialized careers in their fields.

But, while doctorate programs focus on professional competencies and knowledge, PhD programs prioritize academic research.

What Is a Doctorate Degree?

A doctorate degree is a professional degree that enables students to become experts in a specific field or industry. This degree focuses on applying academic research and theories in the workplace to improve performance and solve problems.

Courses vary by field and program but typically emphasize professional skills like collaboration, leadership, and project management. Additionally, many doctorate programs require students to complete a capstone project that addresses real issues affecting their industry.

Graduates often qualify for advanced administrative, leadership, and managerial positions in their fields.

What Is a PhD Degree?

A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree is an opportunity to strengthen your academic research skills and generate original knowledge. This degree trains students to become independent scholars who conduct cutting-edge research in their areas of expertise.

PhD curriculums cover advanced concepts and theories in a discipline. They also teach students qualitative and quantitative methodologies to design studies and conduct research. Additionally, most PhD programs require students to produce a dissertation that contributes fresh knowledge to the field.

Current professionals with PhDs often work as academic researchers and professors. They may also secure government and industry jobs.

Key Differences Between a PhD vs. Doctorate Degree

What’s a PhD degree ? What’s a doctorate degree? The main difference between a doctorate and a PhD is their area of focus. A doctorate prioritizes applied knowledge and professional skills, while a PhD emphasizes academic research. Let’s compare some more differences between a professional doctoral degree vs. PhD.

A doctorate enables students to become expert practitioners in their discipline. Students study existing concepts and theories and learn how to apply these ideas in the workplace.

By contrast, a PhD prepares students to conduct innovative research and educate others.

Goals and Outcomes

Doctorate programs help prepare students for senior administrative and leadership positions in their industries. They also help students enhance their professional competencies and tackle industry-specific challenges.

Students who pursue PhDs aim to advance their disciplines by generating new knowledge. They may also publish peer-reviewed research and teach undergraduate courses.

Student Population

Doctorate degrees are designed for current or aspiring working professionals who want to become industry leaders. These programs also enable students to increase their knowledge and credibility.

PhD programs attract students who want to expand their knowledge of research methodologies and theories. These learners also frequently pursue academic careers.

Admissions Requirements

Doctorate and PhD programs typically require students to have bachelor’s and master’s degrees.

Additionally, prospective doctorate students may be asked to provide evidence of work experience, while PhD students might demonstrate their research abilities with a writing sample.

Program Length

Requirements vary by program, but full-time students typically complete a doctorate in 3 to 5 years. Programs that require a capstone project may take longer. For those considering quick degrees, a number of universities now offer accelerated doctoral programs online .

PhD programs often take 4 to 7 years to finish. The speed at which students research and write their dissertations can significantly impact the timeline.

The curriculum for doctorate programs typically centers on practical skills and contemporary issues in the field. Topics may include communication, ethics, and leadership.

PhD programs offer classes on research methods, theories, and disciplinary trends. Students also learn how to write journal articles and present at conferences.

Assessment and Completion Requirements

Doctorate and PhD students both complete 2 or more years of coursework. They also demonstrate their knowledge during comprehensive exams.

Doctorate students may produce a capstone project that applies their knowledge to real problems. By contrast, PhD students write dissertations based on original research.

If You Have a PhD, Are You a Doctor?

Is a PhD a doctor ? While graduates who earn a PhD are referred to as doctors, a PhD is different from a Doctor of Medicine (MD).

Doctors with MDs are medical doctors who can legally prescribe medications, perform surgery, and treat patients. They typically apply existing medical knowledge instead of conducting research. Doctors with PhDs don’t have any of these abilities. Instead, they have specialized knowledge and perform academic research in a particular field.

PhD or Doctorate Degree – Which Is Right for You?

Understanding the difference between a doctorate and a PhD can help you select the right degree for you.

Professional doctorate degrees help students become leading practitioners and problem solvers. By contrast, PhD degrees enable students to hone their research skills and learn advanced concepts. Both degrees allow you to enrich your understanding of your chosen discipline or profession. They also help you boost your credentials and develop new skills.

After you decide between a doctorate degree vs. PhD, you can explore program options from accredited schools to find the best fit.

• October 11, 2023
• Education Advice

Ph.D. vs. Doctorate: What are the Differences?

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For those who have a deep-seated attitude, pursuing a doctoral degree can be a tough yet beneficial journey. Currently enrolled in a doctorate program means that a person has already scooched over college admissions, went through high stake tests and exams, and finished all those research papers and long hours spent in university libraries hitting the books. While studying for a doctorate entails asserting oneself to an extensive amount of quality time and money , its significance and purpose usually pave the way to a lucrative end.

After having finished the Master’s Degree , students begin to think about their next step in their academic career. Then, paradoxically, while navigating through academia, they find themselves baffled by the immense terms and terminologies used to label specific degrees. Because the terms “Doctorate” and “Ph.D.” are somehow interlocked and overlap, and because “PhD” is sometimes used inconsistently, it can lead to considerable confusion. Ph.D. vs. Doctorate? You might wonder what their difference is, and why they are important. E xplaining what each of these terms stands for, the difference between them, and why they are valuable, can help you steer yourself down the right path from the outset.

Doctorate Degree vs. Ph.D.

At first glance, it is pretty easy to confuse these two terms. But it is important for everyone to be able to make a distinction between the two. In this article, we will discuss the difference between Ph.D. and Doctorate in detail in order to get rid of any confusion you may have. In the academic world, the terms Doctorate and Ph.D. are currently used interchangeably. Both of them are the top cap of the ladder. However, a doctorate is mostly used as an umbrella term covering many fields ranging from professional degrees, humanities, and scientific disciplines.

A Ph.D. or Doctor of Philosophy, on the other hand, is a subcategory of a doctoral degree, it is much more distinct and clear-cut and is usually narrower in nature encompassing only humanities and scientific fields. In plain English, when someone says they are enrolling on a doctoral degree, it means they are doing a Ph.D. in a specific field. So, technically, in common parlance, there is no difference between the two terms.

But at the other end of the spectrum, one should be careful not to confuse a professional doctoral degree with a Ph.D. The former is more practical and is designed to prepare students to apply existing knowledge to find solutions to real-life problems and has a direct application to a particular profession.

A Ph.D. is theoretical by nature and is more academic and research-focused. it is often fixed on disseminating knowledge by conducting authentic research which means reviewing and identifying gaps in current literature and evaluating the relevance of existing and emerging theories within a particular field.

What Is a Ph.D. Degree and Why Should You Go for It?

Students who acquire a Ph.D. are justly proud — they wear it as a badge of identity in the academic elite. Traditionally, a Ph.D. was associated with teaching, which from Latin licentia docendi meant “license to teach”. However, the concept of Ph.D. has been on shifting sands nowadays and has become a more general term that isn’t necessarily confined to teaching only.

The Value of a PhD

Obtaining a Ph.D. helps you capitalize on the emerging academic opportunities making you more easily identifiable to employers or businesses seeking to fill professional, higher-level job positions. Many of these career options, conversely, are not available to those who do not belong to the Ph.D. club. While pursuing a Ph.D. requires devoting a tremendous effort and time and making significant personal sacrifices pushing the boundaries of knowledge, it’s all in service of the area of study you’re most passionate and zealous about. Ultimately, once you’ve attained your Ph.D., you will have achieved the pinnacle of education— something not too many people have or are able to accomplish.

FREE RESOURCE

A Guide to Choosing and Applying to Ph.D. Programs

Learn everything you need to know about selecting and applying to Ph.D. programs. Learn tips and tricks for a successful application and find your ideal program today!

What Is a Doctorate Degree?

A doctoral or doctorate degree is usually the most advanced degree one can earn in an academic discipline. Many pursue a doctorate degree to increase their professional credibility, be acknowledged as an expert in a specific field, and improve their resume.

A doctorate degree is a graduate-level credential that is usually earned after multiple years of graduate school. Earning a doctoral degree requires a significant level of research and work. In order to get this degree, one has to research a subject thoroughly, conduct new research and analysis, and provide a solution or interpretation into the field. But what types of doctoral degrees are available?

Types of Doctorate Degrees

There are two categories of doctorate degrees: an academic degree and a professional doctorate degree. An academic degree focuses on research, data analysis, and the evaluation of theory. A professional doctorate degree, on the other hand, is considered a terminal degree, which means that one has achieved the most advanced degree in the field. This degree is specifically designed for working professionals who want to grow in their careers.

Professional Doctorate Degrees

A professional doctorate is designed for working professionals who have experience in the field and want to increase their knowledge, improve their credibility, and advance their careers. This degree focuses on applying research to practical issues, coming up with interpretation and solutions, as well as designing effective professional practices within a particular field.

Professional doctoral degrees include:

Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)

The DBA degree is ideal for students who already have a general business background and are interested in delving deeper into the practical and theoretical aspects that underpin business education. More to the point, in DBA you will develop the ability to solve real-life problems, discover the relevant expertise to innovate and uphold complex business issues and so much more. Upon completion, DBA students will possess enhanced leadership and strategic skills as well as the tools to propel their careers in today’s marketplace. The Business Administration industry is keen on finding such graduates with business skills and this is indicated by the immense job positions currently available.

Doctor of Education (Ed.D.)

If you are interested in setting your eyes on creating lifelong learning among your students, making a positive influence in educational culture, contributing to the growing body of research in the education realm , or just enhancing your subject matter expertise, the Doctor of Education program ticks all the boxes. This degree maintains a rigorous approach in academic education that prepares graduates to showcase the skills and expertise to devise solutions in tackling the challenges in contemporary education practice and become transformational leaders in the industry.

Doctor of Computer Science (DCS)

The demand for computer scientists has reached its peak and it is among the most sought-after positions nowadays. With a degree in DCS, you will have the opportunity to design, apply innovative experiments, predict trends and, ultimately, develop a richer understanding and contribute to your area of expertise. After all, who doesn’t want an exciting and financially stable career?

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Doctor of Medicine (M.D.)

The Doctor of Medicine degree is designed to prepare you for various medical challenges in different settings nationally and internationally. This program will further develop your critical thinking and clinical reasoning skills required for safe, high-quality medical practices. It will also improve your leadership, communication, and teamwork skills for collaborative patient care.

Doctor of Optometry (O.D.)

This professional degree typically requires four years of study. It focuses on basic biological sciences such as anatomy and physiology, microbiology, neuroanatomy, and so on. This doctoral degree will prepare, educate, and train professionals to practice at the highest level of proficiency, professionalism, and integrity.

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

The Doctoral of Psychology degree concentrates on the clinical and applied aspects of psychology. This type of doctorate prepares students for professional practice and clinical placement. This degree will be highly beneficial when working directly with patients who need psychology services. In addition, this degree allows doctors of psychology to confidently function as researchers and clinicians.

How to Choose a Ph.D. Program?

Choosing a Ph.D. program can be pretty challenging; it is a big academic decision and investment that requires commitment and perseverance. But how can you pick the right Ph.D. program for you? Well, there are some tips to help you choose the best fit for your goals and preferences:

• Think about the reasons why you want a Ph.D., what you expect to gain from it, and whether it is compatible with your professional goals.
• Consider your research environment.
• Take your time to research, compare, and consider multiple opportunities carefully.
• Pick a subject that interests and motivates you but is also practical.
• Ask your professors and other scholars in the field for advice.

All in all, the terms “Doctorate’’ and “Ph.D.” are in essence the same, which means all Ph.D. students are Doctoral students as well. On the other hand, earning a Ph.D. degree is no joke. If anything, Ph.D. students have the tenacity, patience, persistence, and years of hard work that you can vouch for. Ultimately, deciding what type of doctoral degree you should hop on, depends on your career goals, what you are passionate about and how you are going to achieve it.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between a doctorate and a ph.d..

In academic contexts, the terms “Doctorate” and “Ph.D.” are often used interchangeably, but there is a distinction. A Doctorate is an umbrella term covering a wide range of fields, including professional degrees, humanities, and scientific disciplines. A Ph.D., or Doctor of Philosophy, is a specific type of doctoral degree, typically focused on research and academic pursuits in the humanities and scientific fields.

Why should I pursue a Ph.D.?

Pursuing a Ph.D. can be a valuable endeavor, as it opens up academic and research opportunities, enhances your expertise in a specific field, and makes you more attractive to employers seeking candidates for high-level positions. It’s a chance to push the boundaries of knowledge and become an expert in your chosen study area.

What are the benefits of a professional doctorate?

Professional doctorate degrees, such as Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) or Doctor of Education (Ed.D.), are designed for working professionals who want to apply research to practical issues in their field. These degrees can enhance your career prospects, leadership skills, and problem-solving abilities within your profession.

How do I choose the right Ph.D. program?

To choose the right Ph.D. program, consider your career goals, research environment, and personal interests. Take your time to research and compare programs, seek advice from professors and experts in your field, and ensure that the program aligns with your professional aspirations.

What are the main differences between academic and professional doctorate degrees?

Academic doctorate degrees focus on research, theory evaluation, and data analysis, often leading to careers in academia or research. Professional doctorate degrees are more practical, designed for working professionals, and concentrate on applying research to real-world problems within a specific field.

Can I earn a Ph.D. in any field?

Ph.D. programs are available in various fields, including humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, engineering, and more. However, the specific availability of Ph.D. programs may vary by field and university.

Is a Ph.D. a challenging journey?

Yes, pursuing a Ph.D. can be a challenging journey that requires dedication, patience, and years of hard work. It involves conducting original research, writing a dissertation, and often teaching or assisting in courses. It’s a significant commitment, but it can be highly rewarding.

What are the potential career opportunities after earning a Ph.D.?

With a Ph.D., you can pursue careers in academia as a professor or researcher, work in research and development roles in various industries, or take on leadership positions in organizations. The specific career path will depend on your field of study and personal interests.

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Is a PhD a Doctor? [The full guide]

The term “Dr” is very prestigious and projects expertise and respect in those who use it. There is a long and complicated history with the doctor title and who should (and shouldn’t) use it. Medical doctors, lecturers, and other medical professionals use it, but where did it come from and is a PhD a doctor?

Yes, a person with a PhD is a Doctor and use the “Dr” title before their name. This is not to be confused with a medical doctor. There is a complex history with this term but is currently accepted for people who hold a PhD as well as a wide range of other professions.

I have a PhD in chemistry and I call myself Doctor Stapleton in professional settings and when I want to let certain entities know that I have been awarded a PhD. In my experience, other PhD holders mainly use their titles in a similar way.

This article will cover everything you need to know about the Dr title and who can and cannot use it.

There have been people who have argued that the term doctor should be reserved for people who have studied and are practising medicine so that there is little confusion about the people suitably qualified to make health care decisions for you.

However, as you will see through this article the doctor title has a very long history that has nothing to do with the medical field at all.

Where the term Doctor comes from

For those that love a little bit of word history:

The word doctor comes from the Latin verb ”docere” which means to teach or is used to refer to a scholar.

In history the doctor title was invented to signify that a person was an imminent scholar. The doctorates date as far back as the 1300s and those who were able to get the doctor title in front of their name were rewarded with a lot of respect and prestige.

These people were often the lecturers of their day and would therefore teach many students in their areas of expertise.

Therefore, I think it is reasonable to conclude that the original intended use of doctor was for academics and scholars.

As time went on, the doctor title was awarded to other professions that wanted to elicit the same level of respect and prestige.

Health professionals receive an undergraduate degree in medicine and can call themselves doctor. However, these are professional degrees (undergraduate qualifications) and not really considered doctorates in the true sense of the word – it is more of an honorary title.

I don’t think that anyone with a PhD really cares about who is using it and accept that the majority of the public think that anyone with a doctor title has a medical degree.

I know that I was very excited to receive my doctor title but the excitement soon wears off when you realise that it doesn’t really matter in everyday life – but it still makes you and your parents proud.

These days, the doctor title is used by a variety of non-academic professions and it can get a little bit confusing.

So let’s have a look at who can actually use the doctor title and where it came from.

Who can use “doctor”

Even though the original use of the doctor title was for imminent scholars, nowadays there are several different professional qualifications that can use the doctor title.

It’s no surprise that more professional qualifications want to use the doctor title as it indicates many years of study, status and makes parents very proud.

A 2016 peer-reviewed publication submitted to the Canadian Medical Association Journal asks who is entitled to the title of Doctor?

Exactly who can use this term is starting to get a little bit confusing for the public.

There are many honorific doctor titles, including those found in the table below.

The use of the doctor term for many healthcare-related qualifications can cause a fair bit of confusion about what qualification the person has achieved.

That is why the title of a person is only the second most important thing to look at.

If in doubt, have a look at the letters after their name to really understand what the doctor title is referring to.

There are some interesting deviations in the doctor title and interestingly, in the UK, surgeons do not refer to themselves as doctor but rather use the term Mr/Miss/Mrs/Ms etc. I had a family friend who was a brain surgeon who was a medical doctor and, after becoming a surgeon, changed back to Mr – a prestigious indicator in the medical field.

It’s strange to me how each field has its own customs to denote prestige.

There are arguments that in a professional and medical setting that the term doctor should be reserved for those who are medical doctors.

This can be difficult as many other healthcare professionals have also received doctorates in their specialisation and would want recognition for that effort and achievement.

In a 2011 article in the New York Times , physicians said that they were worried about losing control over the title of doctor because it could lead to a loss of control over the perception of the medical profession itself.

Anything that makes it more difficult for patients to make an informed decision about their healthcare could be very dangerous.

However, the fact that they are using this doctor title at all is a deviation from its original intention. Here is why the doctor title really is only meant for holders of a Doctor of Philosophy.

PhDs – the original doctors(?)

PhD stands for Doctor of Philosophy and, arguably, accounts for the only true use of the doctor title.

Being awarded a PhD means that you have completed postgraduate original and/or applied research that adds a significant contribution to the knowledge in a particular field.

It could be a PhD gained at a university or a professional doctorate but should signify that the owner of the title has completed the highest qualification obtainable in their field.

I talk about this in my short YouTube video:

You don’t necessarily have to use your doctor title after you have your PhD.

I know that there are many people who only use their Dr title in professional settings or as a way to stand out in other settings.

I only use my PhD title when I am in a setting where it is traditionally used. For example, I use my doctor title if I am giving a talk at a university or I am applying for funding within my field of expertise.

Some PhD holders find it a little bit awkward using their Dr title in everyday life whilst others use it on everything from rental applications to restaurant bookings.

How people use their Dr title once they have one is completely up to personal and individual choice. Initially, I was very excited to use my doctor title in as many situations as possible but quickly became wary of using it when it wasn’t required.

However, one of my guilty pleasures is seeing my doctor title on a plane ticket – I’m not quite sure why that is!

What you should call a PhD holder/your lecturers

One of the most common questions that I get asked when I am lecturing at a university is what students should call their lecturers.

Students can get confused with all of the formalities – especially if they have never been in a university before.

Professors, associate professors, doctors, lecturers, researchers – what does it all mean and how should you refer to academics?

Ultimately, it depends on the person.

Some PhD holders who lecture in a university want to be called by their official title and surname during every interaction.

Other lecturers and PhD holders are happy with students calling them by their first name. I certainly didn’t mind people calling me Andy during my workshops or lectures.

Also, some cultures are much more formal than others and wish to show respect by always using the official title of an academic.

Feel free to use whichever mode of interaction you wish – but, as a general rule, always err on the side of caution and use the more formal term for safety. Quite often, I have seen academics prompt students to use their first name as they also feel a little bit awkward being called their professional titles.

Doctor vs professor

When you graduate from a PhD you are entitled to call yourself by the doctor title.

All PhD holders are called Doctor in their professional setting. This can be on business cards, newsletters, websites, and other official documentation.

Universities in some countries also have a graduated career progression title system which denotes the expertise and seniority of the academic.

For example, in Australia the academic system is graduated like this:

• Senior lecturer
• Associate Professor

Therefore, in Australia it is not always appropriate to call someone in a university professor. Even if they are teaching your subject.

Professor is reserved for those who have achieved demonstrated expertise and outcomes in a variety of academic areas such as administration, teaching, research, and community outreach.

In other countries, however, you are automatically deemed a professor if you are teaching at a university. For example, in America your students will refer to you as a professor no matter your seniority in your university.

One of the first things you should do if you want to talk to your lecturer in a university setting is ask what their preference would be to be called.

Ask your lecturer about their preference

Whenever I gave a lecture, I would always start by saying that people can call me by my name (Andy), or they can choose to use Dr Stapleton if they feel that is more appropriate.

In my experience, most academics will not mind if you call them by their first name and, in countries like Australia, it seems to be the most common way for students to interact with their teachers.

It is not uncommon for the opposite to be true – and, like I have mentioned above, always start with the formal interactions. It is likely that you will be invited to call the PhD holder by their first name.

Outside of a formal setting most PhD holders really don’t mind how you talk to them.

The things a PhD student needs to do to become a doctor

The reason a PhD can call themselves doctor is because they have been awarded the highest qualification possible in their field.

A PhD requires you to perform research and produce a thesis or dissertation. The new information must contribute significantly to the field and report novel and new findings.

The PhD thesis is examined by other experts in the field (known as peers) and these other experts are responsible for telling the university whether or not you have satisfied the criteria to become a PhD.

There are other, more modern, ways of reporting your findings including peer-reviewed journals and professional doctoral reports.

Either way, admission to a PhD requires many years of hard work and dedication to answering a unique and unanswered question in your field.

I think that this satisfies the original use of the term doctor and is a great accomplishment for anyone.

It’s hard work but with the right guidance and dedication it is achievable by almost anyone.

Wrapping up

This article has covered everything you need to know about whether a PhD is a doctor.

The original term was introduced in the 1300s to denote an imminent scholar. This scholar would teach and pass on information to their students.

In modern times, the term doctor has been used as an honorary title for other professional careers in recognition of the hard work that they have put in to achieve their position.

However, there are fears that the doctor title is slowly becoming used for too many health professional areas leading to confusion around who is a medical doctor and who has other health-related qualifications such as dentistry, naturopathy, and others.

Nonetheless, people without an understanding of the convention can still get confused between medical doctors and holders of a higher degree PhD.

Dr Andrew Stapleton has a Masters and PhD in Chemistry from the UK and Australia. He has many years of research experience and has worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow and Associate at a number of Universities. Although having secured funding for his own research, he left academia to help others with his YouTube channel all about the inner workings of academia and how to make it work for you.

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Dr. rer. nat. or Ph.D.?

Based on the doctorate regulations, the Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy awards the academic title “Dr. rer. nat.” for individual doctoral degree programs (according to PromO Section 1 (1)). The title “Ph.D.” is only awarded on request to doctoral candidates who have successfully completed a structured doctoral studies program (according to PromO Section 1 (2)).

Doctoral studies programs recognized for the award of the title "Ph.D." in the Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy include the following:

• Doctoral Program Natural Sciences (DPNS)
• Graduate Program Biodiversity, Evolution & Ecology
• Graduate School Plant Sciences
• Biomedical Sciences
• International Max Planck Research School for Biology AND Computation (IMPRS-BAC)
• Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT)
• Berlin School of Integrative Oncology (BSIO)

A complete listing can be found here .

Doctoral students who have successfully completed a doctoral studies program may decide once, at the time of dissertation submission, which title they wish to be awarded; no subsequent change is possible. However, we recommend that you decide which title you will pursue at the beginning of your doctoral studies program, if possible. For advice, please feel free to contact the coordinators of the Graduate Center : [email protected]

The term “Ph.D. student”, which is frequently used in working groups, is familiar to everyone internationally, but also suggests that you will receive the title “Ph.D.” at the end of the process. However, as a “doctoral student” you will be awarded the title “Dr. rer. nat.” upon successful completion of the doctoral degree program and you may only use the title in the form it was awarded to you. Note: The term “Ph.D.” is not a possible translation, but a different title; the title “Dr. rer. nat.” also remains in the English version of the doctoral certificate.

What is a PhD?

• Types of Doctorates
• A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) is the highest globally recognized postgraduate degree that higher education institutions can award.
• PhDs are awarded to candidates who undertake original and extensive research in a particular field of study.
• Full time PhD programmes typically last three to four years, whilst part time PhD programmes typically last six to seven years.
• A PhD can lead to an academia teaching role or a career in research. A PhD can also equip you with skills suitable for a wide range of jobs unrelated to your research topic or academia.

Definition of a PhD – A Doctor of Philosophy (commonly abbreviated to PhD , Ph.D or a DPhil ) is a university research degree awarded from across a broad range of academic disciplines; in most countries, it is a terminal degree, i.e. the highest academic degree possible.

PhDs differ from undergraduate and master’s degrees in that PhDs are entirely research-based rather than involving taught modules (although doctoral training centres (DTCs) offer programmes that start with a year of lecture-based teaching to help develop your research skills prior to starting your project).

In most English-speaking countries, those that complete a PhD use the title “Doctor” (typically abbreviated to Dr) in front of their names and are referred to as such within academic and/or research settings. Those that work in fields outside of academia may decide not to use the formal doctor title but use post-nominal letters (e.g. John Smith PhD); it’s unusual though for someone to use both the Doctor title and post-nominal letters in their name.

PhD vs Doctorate

A PhD and a professional doctorate are both research-based terminal degrees.

However, where a PhD focuses on original research mostly around theoretical concepts, a professional doctorate focuses on examining existing knowledge to solve real-life, practical problems.

While there is much crossover between the two, a PhD is generally better suited for an individual to wants to advance the knowledge and understanding in their field, and a professional doctorate degree is better suited to a working professional who wants to better be able to apply knowledge and understanding to their field.

What Are the Entry Requirements for a PhD?

To be accepted on to a PhD programme, students usually need to hold at least a high ( 2:1 and above ) undergraduate degree that is related to the field of research that they want to pursue. A PhD candidate may also be expected to hold a Master’s degree , however, this does not mean you must have one, as it is still possible to enrol into a PhD without a Master’s .

Self-funded courses may sometimes be more relaxed in relation to entry requirements. It may be possible to be accepted onto a self-funded PhD programme with lower grades, though these students typically demonstrate their suitability for the role through professional work experience.

Whilst a distance learning project is possible , most PhD candidates will carry out their research over at least three years based at their university, with regular contact with two academic supervisors (primary and secondary). This is particularly the case for lab-based projects, however, some PhD projects require spending time on-site away from university (e.g. at a specialist research lab or at a collaborating institution abroad).

How Long Does a PhD Take?

Typically, full-time PhDs last 3-4 years and part-time PhDs last 6-7 years. However, at the discretion of the university, the thesis writing-up period can be extended by up to four years.

Although most doctoral programmes start in September or October, they are generally much more flexible than taught-courses and can start at any time of the year.

How Much Does a PhD Cost?

Tuition fees for UK and EU students vary between £3,000 and £6,000 per year, with the average tuition fee of £4,712 per year for 2023/24 programmes.

Tuition fees increase considerably for international students, varying between £16,000 to £25,000 per year, with an average tuition fee of £19,600 per year .

Nonetheless, most students will secure PhD funding in the form of studentships, scholarships and bursaries to help pay for these fees. These funding opportunities can either be partial, which cover tuition fees only, or full, which cover both tuition fees and living expenses.

UK national students can also apply for Doctoral Loans from Student Finance England if they are unable to secure funding.

Finding a PhD has never been this easy – search for a PhD by keyword, location or academic area of interest.

What Does a PhD Involve?

To be awarded a PhD, a doctoral student is required to produce a substantial body of work that adds new knowledge to their chosen field.

A PhD programme will typically involve four key stages:

Stage 1: Literature Review

The first year of a PhD involves attending regular meetings with your supervisors and carrying out a search on previously published work in your subject area. This search will be used to produce a literature review which should set the context of the project by explaining the foundation of what is currently known within the field of research, what recent developments have occurred, and where the gaps in knowledge are. In most cases, this will be an extension of your research proposal should you have produced one as part of your application. The literature review should conclude by outlining the overarching aims and objectives of the research project. This stage of setting achievable goals which are original and contribute to the field of research is an essential first step in a successful PhD.

The supervisor is the main point of contact through the duration of a PhD – but remember: they are there to mentor, not to teach, or do it for you . It will be your responsibility to plan, execute and monitor your own work as well as to identify gaps in your own knowledge and address them.

Stage 2: Research

The second year (and prehapse some of your third year) is when you work on your research. Having identified novel research questions from your review of the literature, this is where you collect your data to help answer these questions. How you do this will depend on the nature of your doctoral research: for example, you may design and run experiments in a lab alongside other PhD students or visit excavation sites in remote regions of the world. You should check in regularly with your supervisors to update them and run any ideas or issues past them.

Have the structure and chapters of your thesis in mind as you develop and tackle your research questions. Working with a view of publishing your work will be very valuable later on.

Stage 3: Write up of Thesis

The next key stage of a PhD is writing a doctoral thesis , which typically takes from anywhere between three months to one year. A thesis is a substantial body of work that describes the work and outcomes of the research over the previous two to three years. It should tell a detailed story of the PhD project – focusing on:

• The motivations for the research questions identified from the literature review.
• The methodologies used, results obtained, and a comprehensive analysis and discussion of the findings.
• A detailed discussion of the key findings with an emphasis on the original contributions made to your field of research and how this has been impactful.

There is no universal rule for the length of a PhD thesis, but general guidelines set the word count between 80,000 to 100,000 words.

For your thesis to be successful, it needs to adequately defend your argument and provide a unique or increased insight into your field that was not previously available.

Stage 4: Attending the Viva

A viva voce , most commonly referred to as just a ‘ viva ‘, is an interview-style examination where the PhD student is required to engage in a critical appraisal of their work and defend their thesis against at least two examiners. The examiners will ask questions to check the PhD student has an in-depth understanding of the ideas and theories proposed in their thesis, and whether they have developed the research skills that would be expected of them.

The viva is one of the final steps in achieving a PhD, and typically lasts at least two hours, but this duration can vary depending on the examiners, the university and the PhD project itself.

Once you have done the viva – you’re on the home stretch. You will typically be asked to make some amendments to your thesis based on the examiner’s feedback. You are then ready to submit your final thesis for either:

• PhD – If you pass the requirements you will be awarded a PhD degree (most common outcome),
• MPhil – If you failed to meet requirements for a PhD, you may be downgraded to an MPhil degree (uncommon outcome),
• Fail – No award is given, typically for cases of plagiarism (extremely uncommon outcome).

What Is It Like to Undertake a PhD?

We’re often asked what it is like to undertake a PhD study. Unfortunately, this isn’t a simple answer to this question as every research project is different.

To help give insight into the life of a PhD student, we’ve interviewed PhD students at various stages of their programmes and put together a series of PhD Student Interviews . Check out the link to find out what a PhD is like and what advice they have to offer you.

What Are the Benefits of A PhD?

A PhD is the highest globally recognised postgraduate degree that higher education institutions can award. The degree, which is awarded to candidates who demonstrate original and independent research in a particular field of study, is not only invaluable in itself, but sets you up with invaluable skills and traits.

Career Opportunities

First, a PhD prepares you for a career in academia if you wish to continue in this area. This takes form as a career in the Higher Education sector, typically as a lecturer working their way to becoming a professor leading research on the subject you’ve studied and trained in.

Second, a PhD also enables the opportunity for landing a job in a research & development role outside of the academic environment. Examples of this include laboratory work for a private or third sector company, a governmental role and research for commercial and industrial applications.

Transferable Skills

Finally, in possessing a PhD degree, you can show to employers that you have vital skills that make you an asset to any company. Three examples of the transferable skills that you gain through a PhD are effective communication, time management, and report writing.

• Communication – presenting your work in written and oral forms using journal papers and podium presentations, shows your ability to share complex ideas effectively and to those with less background knowledge than you. Communication is key in the professional environment, regardless of the job.
• Time management – The ability to prioritise and organise tasks is a tremendous asset in the professional industry. A PhD holder can use their qualification to demonstrate that they are able to manage their time, arrange and follow a plan, and stick to deadlines.
• Report writing – Condensing three years of work into a thesis demonstrates your ability to filter through massive amounts of information, identify the key points, and get these points across to the reader. The ability to ‘cut out the waffle’ or ‘get to the point’ is a huge asset in the professional industry.

Aside from the above, you also get to refer to yourself as a Doctor and add fancy initials after your name!

What Can I Do After a PhD?

One of the most desirable postdoctoral fields is working within independent Research and Development (R&D) labs and new emerging companies. Both industries, especially R&D labs, have dedicated groups of PhD graduates who lead research activities, design new products and take part in crucial strategic meetings. Not only is this a stimulating line of work, but the average salaries in R&D labs and emerging start-ups are lucrative. In comparison, an undergraduate with five years of experience within their given field will, on average, likely earn less than a new PhD graduate taking on a R&D position.

It’s a common misunderstanding that PhDs only opens the door for an academic career such as university lecturers and training providers. Although obtaining a PhD opens these doors, the opportunities extend far beyond educational roles. In fact, recent data from the UK’s Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) indicates only 23% of PhD graduates take a position in educational roles . This low percentage is primarily because PhD graduates have a wide range of skills that make them suitable for a broad spectrum of roles. This is being seen first hand by the increasing number of PhD graduates who are entering alternative roles such as research, writing, law and investment banking.

How Do I Find a PhD?

We appreciate that finding a PhD programme to undertake can be a relatively daunting process. According to Higher Education Student Statistics , over 22,000 PhDs were awarded in 2016/17 within the United Kingdom alone. Clearly there are a huge number of PhD programmes available. This can sometimes be confusing for prospective doctorates, particularly when different programmes are advertised in different places. Often, it is difficult to know where to look or where to even start. We’ve put together a list of useful sources to find the latest PhD programmes:

• A great place to start is with our comprehensive and up-to-date database of available PhD positions .
• Assuming you are still at university, speak to an existing PhD supervisor within your department.
• Attend as many postgraduate open days as you can. Whilst there, speak to current PhD students and career advisors to get an awareness of what PhDs are on offer.
• Visit the postgraduate section of university websites and the PhD Research Council section of the UKRI website.

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PhD – Unterschiede PhD und Doktor

Der Ph. D. ( Philosophiae Doctor ) ist in englischsprachigen Ländern (engl. Doctor of Philosophy) der wissenschaftliche Doktorgrad der höchste Abschluss des Postgraduiertenstudiums. Auch in Deutschland wird der PhD als akademischer Grad in PhD-Programmen, von einigen Universitäten und gleichgestellten Hochschulen verliehen. Der Ph.D. steht im Einklang mit dem traditionellen deutschen Doktortitel (z.B. Dr. rer. nat., Dr. phil., Dr. ing.) und repräsentiert ebenfalls den höchsten akademischen Grad in einem Fachgebiet. Der wesentliche Fokus eines PhD-Programms liegt auf der Forschung, die in einer Dissertation oder Doktorarbeit mündet und einen bedeutenden Beitrag zum jeweiligen Fachgebiet leisten soll.

Was bedeutet Ph.D.

Ph.D. steht für Philosophiae Doctor und entspricht in Deutschland dem akademischen Doktorgrad . Der Ph.D. wird vor allem in englischsprachigen Ländern verliehen, doch auch in Deutschland wird dieser Titel verliehen, insbesondere an international ausgerichteten Hochschulen und Forschungseinrichtungen. Der Ph.D. ist nicht, wie es die wörtliche Übersetzung „Doktor der Philosophie“ vermuten ließe, an eine wissenschaftliche Disziplin gebunden.

Die Erlangung eines PhD in Deutschland erfordert die Durchführung eines eigenständigen Forschungsprojekts, das in einer Dissertation mündet, sowie das Bestehen einer mündlichen Prüfung oder eines Rigorosums. Die Dauer eines PhD-Programms kann variiert typischerweise zwischen drei bis fünf Jahren. PhD-Programme in Deutschland sind oft strukturiert und beinhalten Kurse sowie die Teilnahme an Seminaren und Konferenzen.

Einführung PhD in Deutschland

Die Einführung des PhD-Titels in Deutschland ist eng mit dem Bologna-Prozess verknüpft, der Ende der 1990er Jahre begann. Der Bologna-Prozess zielte darauf ab, einen gemeinsamen europäischen Hochschulraum zu schaffen, um die Mobilität von Studierenden und Akademikern zu erleichtern und die Vergleichbarkeit der Hochschulabschlüsse zu verbessern. Obwohl der Prozess in erster Linie die Struktur des Studiums (Bachelor/Master-System) harmonisieren sollte, hatte er auch Auswirkungen auf die Doktorandenausbildung und die Verwendung des PhD-Titels.

In Deutschland wurden traditionelle Doktortitel wie Dr. rer. nat., Dr. phil., Dr. ing. und andere schon lange vor der Einführung des PhD-Systems verliehen. Diese traditionellen Titel sind in Deutschland und international hoch angesehen. Der PhD als spezifische Bezeichnung begann jedoch, größere Verbreitung in Deutschland im Zuge der Bologna-Reformen zu finden, vor allem seit den frühen 2000er Jahren. Die Einführung von strukturierten Promotionsprogrammen, oft in Form von Graduiertenschulen, die den PhD verleihen, trug dazu bei, die Doktorandenausbildung stärker zu internationalisieren und die Attraktivität Deutschlands für ausländische Studierende und Forschende zu erhöhen.

Unterschiede Ph.D und Doktortitel

In Deutschland unterscheidet sich der Ph.D. (Philosophical Doctorate) vom traditionellen Doktorgrad (Dr.) in mehreren Aspekten. Beim Ph.D.-Programm wird die Betreuung der Doktoranden oft von mehreren Professoren übernommen, die den Studierenden als Ansprechpartner zur Verfügung stehen, während bei der Promotion zum Dr. in der Regel nur ein Professor die Betreuung des Promovierenden übernimmt. Ein Ph.D.-Programm ist strukturiert und ähnelt einem Studium, das neben den üblichen Kursen auch die Anfertigung einer Dissertation umfasst. Im Gegensatz dazu ist die Promotion zum Dr. meist individueller gestaltet und verbindet oft die wissenschaftliche Mitarbeit am Institut mit der Erstellung der Dissertation. Es gibt aber auch strukturierte Promotionsprogramme wie Graduiertenkollegs, die zum Doktorgrad führen. Die Dauer des Ph.D.-Programms ist meist auf drei bis fünf Jahre festgelegt, während die Promotion zum Dr. flexibler ist, aber üblicherweise mit einer Höchstdauer von vier bis sechs Jahren verbunden ist. Für beide Abschlüsse wird zunehmend eine kürzere Dauer von 3 Jahren angestrebt. Der Ph.D. legt den Fokus mehr auf allgemeine wissenschaftliche Forschung, wohingegen beim Dr. der Erwerb der Fähigkeit, selbständig wissenschaftlich zu arbeiten, im Vordergrund steht.

Der Ph.D. ist in englischsprachigen Ländern, wie in Deutschland der Doktorgrad, der höchste Abschluss des Postgraduiertenstudiums. In diesen Ländern ist der Ph.D.-Abschluss in aller Regel mit der Berechtigung verbunden, an einer Universität selbstständig und alleinverantwortlich zu lehren. In Deutschland hängt die Wahl zwischen der Bezeichnung „PhD“ und dem traditionellen „Doktortitel“ (wie Dr. rer. nat., Dr. phil., Dr. ing. etc.) oft vom Fachgebiet, der spezifischen Hochschule und manchmal von der Präferenz des Promovierenden ab.

Naturwissenschaften und Ingenieurwissenschaften

• Doktortitel: In den Naturwissenschaften (wie Physik, Chemie, Biologie) und den Ingenieurwissenschaften ist der traditionelle Doktortitel wie Dr. rer. nat. (Doctor rerum naturalium) oder Dr.-Ing. (Doctor Ingenieur) in Deutschland sehr verbreitet. Diese Bereiche haben eine lange Tradition in der Vergabe spezifischer Doktortitel, die eng mit der deutschen akademischen Geschichte verknüpft sind.
• PhD: Es gibt allerdings auch zunehmend internationale PhD-Programme in diesen Fachbereichen, besonders in Graduiertenschulen und Forschungsinstituten, die sich an internationale Studierende richten oder Teil internationaler Forschungsnetzwerke sind.

Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften

• Doktortitel: In den Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften ist der Dr. phil. (Doctor philosophiae) traditionell der verbreitetste akademische Grad. Dieser Bereich neigt dazu, die traditionellen deutschen Titel stärker zu bewahren, was teilweise auf die tiefe Verwurzelung dieser Fächer in der nationalen Kultur und Geschichte zurückzuführen ist.
• PhD: Jedoch gibt es auch hier internationale PhD-Programme, die oft interdisziplinär ausgerichtet sind oder sich speziell an internationale Forschungsfragen richten.
• Doktortitel: In der Medizin ist der Dr. med. (Doctor medicinae) der traditionelle Grad. Die medizinische Doktorarbeit in Deutschland unterscheidet sich in Umfang und Tiefe oft von den Forschungsarbeiten in anderen Disziplinen und ist in der Regel weniger umfangreich.
• PhD/MD: Für Mediziner, die eine stärkere Forschungsausrichtung verfolgen, gibt es spezielle PhD-Programme oder kombinierte MD/PhD-Programme. Diese sind allerdings weniger verbreitet als in einigen anderen Ländern und richten sich speziell an diejenigen, die eine Karriere in der medizinischen Forschung anstreben.

Wirtschaftswissenschaften

• Doktortitel und PhD: In den Wirtschaftswissenschaften findet man sowohl traditionelle Doktortitel (wie Dr. rer. pol. für Wirtschaftswissenschaften) als auch PhD-Programme. Die Wahl hängt oft von der internationalen Ausrichtung der Fakultät und den Karrierezielen des Promovierenden ab.

Passende Jobs

Phd position in generative ai.

PhD position (f/m/d)

Phd student (f/m/d).

Insgesamt lässt sich sagen, dass die Vergabe von PhDs in Deutschland tendenziell in Fachgebieten und bei Programmen häufiger ist, die stark international ausgerichtet sind oder an internationalen Standards orientiert werden müssen. Traditionelle deutsche Doktortitel dominieren weiterhin in vielen Disziplinen, besonders in solchen mit einer starken nationalen Tradition oder solchen, die weniger international ausgerichtet sind.

Was ist besser Ph.D. oder Doktor?

Ob ein Ph.D. oder ein traditioneller Doktortitel besser ist, hängt von den individuellen Karrierezielen, dem Fachbereich und der geographischen Ausrichtung ab. Hier findest du die Vorteile der beiden Abschlüsse in der Übersicht:

Vorteile des Ph.D.

Internationale Anerkennung :

• Der Ph.D. wird weltweit anerkannt und ist besonders in englischsprachigen Ländern gut etabliert, was bei internationalen Karriereambitionen nützlich sein kann.

Strukturiertes Programm :

• Ph.D.-Programme bieten oft ein klar strukturiertes akademisches Umfeld mit festgelegten Kursen und regelmäßigen Bewertungen, was hilfreich sein kann, um Fortschritte zu messen und Forschungskompetenzen systematisch zu entwickeln.

Netzwerkmöglichkeiten :

• Durch die internationale Ausrichtung vieler Ph.D.-Programme können Studierende von umfangreichen Möglichkeiten zur Vernetzung und Zusammenarbeit auf globaler Ebene profitieren.

Forschungsorientierung :

• Ph.D.-Programme legen starken Fokus auf die Entwicklung von Forschungskompetenzen und das Erstellen von Publikationen, was für eine akademische oder forschungsorientierte Karriere vorteilhaft sein kann.

Vorteile des traditionellen Doktortitels (Dr.)

Anerkennung in Deutschland :

• Der traditionelle deutsche Doktortitel ist in Deutschland besonders hoch angesehen und bietet eine exzellente Grundlage für Karrieren in Wissenschaft, Forschung und auch in der Industrie.

Flexibilität im Forschungsansatz :

• Promotionsprogramme zum Erwerb des Dr.-Titels sind oft individueller gestaltet und bieten mehr Freiheit bei der Wahl des Forschungsthemas und der Methodik.

Fähigkeit zur selbständigen Forschung :

• Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf dem Erwerb der Fähigkeit, unabhängig wissenschaftlich zu arbeiten, was besonders in der deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft geschätzt wird.

Dauer und Flexibilität :

• Obwohl die Promotionsdauer variabel ist, ermöglicht die individuelle Gestaltung oft eine bessere Anpassung an persönliche Umstände und Karrierepläne.

Dr. Eva Birkmann, MBA

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