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Students are encouraged to apply to the  Interdepartmental Program  or may apply directly to the CEE or IDSS departments and indicate on their application their interest in pursuing research in Logistics and Supply Chain. Students must apply through either CEE or IDSS and indicate on their application their interest in pursuing research in Logistics and Supply Chain. Students would then develop an  interdisciplinary degree proposal  with their department committee and submit to the Office of Graduate Education for approval.

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Doctoral dissertations in logistics and supply chain management: a review of Nordic contributions from 2009 to 2014

• Original Paper
• Open access
• Published: 14 March 2016
• Volume 9 , article number  5 , ( 2016 )

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• Christopher Rajkumar 1 ,
• Lone Kavin 1 ,
• Xue Luo 1 &
• Jan Stentoft 1  

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The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze Nordic doctoral dissertations in logistics and supply chain management (SCM) published from the years 2009–2014. The paper is based on a detailed review of 150 doctoral dissertations. Compared with previous studies, this paper identifies a trend toward: more dissertations based on a collection of articles than monographs; more dissertations focusing on inter-organizational SCM issues; a shift from a focal company perspective to functional aspects and supply chain-related research; and finally, a continued decreased focus on the philosophy of science. A score for measuring the significance of article-based dissertations is also proposed.

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1 Introduction

One way to keep track of the progress of logistics and supply chain management (SCM) discipline is to analyze the doctoral dissertations within the research area. By reviewing such dissertations, it will be possible to gain some interesting information regarding the development and direction of research within the discipline. Specifically, such a review will help us to understand the different approaches in relation to research framework, methodologies, theories applied and the empirical interpretations. Furthermore, the review could not only provide valuable insights into potential research gaps within the discipline, but also pave way for recognizing interesting topics for future research [ 13 , 41 ]. Besides, given that PhD students are likely to form the next generation of established researchers, research conducted by them is important to the SCM discipline as it helps keeping the discipline on track with emerging topics as well as stimulate theory generation.

The number of PhD students in the Nordic countries has increased significantly during the last decades [ 24 , 41 ]. Based on the rise in the number of dissertations as well as their varying content, it is interesting to investigate the requirements that are part of completing a PhD dissertation. There has been an escalation in dissertations that are based on collections of articles instead of a monograph [ 41 ]. A reason for this might be an increasing pressure to publish at the universities [ 21 ], which might be driving PhD students to learn and master the craft of publishing from the very start of their career. No matter what, the culture of many research departments is characterized by a high focus on performance in terms of publications in ranked journals [ 2 , 20 , 22 , 27 ]. Therefore, by choosing an article-based dissertation, PhD students might have a better opportunity to work together with other PhD students and senior researchers; in doing so, they also learn how to “play the game.”

The first two comprehensive digest of doctoral dissertations completed within the Nordic countries was conducted by Gubi et al. [ 13 ] and Zachariassen and Arlbjørn [ 41 ]. These efforts provide PhD students, other academic staff as well as practitioners with an overview of what has been researched within the logistics and SCM area. These studies have also facilitated the comparison of Nordic dissertations themes to those in the USA (e.g., compiled by Stock [ 31 ] and Nakhata et al. [ 25 ]). Prior research has demonstrated that much confusion exists concerning SCM definitions and its overlap with logistics [ 32 ]. This paper extends the work of Zachariassen and Arlbjørn [ 41 ] that applies what Halldórsson et al. [ 14 ] call a relabeling approach between the terms of logistics and SCM. The purpose of this paper is to document the progress of doctoral work in logistics and SCM within the Nordic countries between 2009 and 2014. In all, 120 relevant dissertations were identified; however, we were unable to retrieve eight dissertations either in physical form or electronically; therefore, only 112 dissertations were reviewed. With a point of departure within the dimensions and classified categories of these two above-mentioned reviews, this paper provides two analyses:

An analysis of identified Nordic dissertations from the year 2009–2014; and

A longitudinal analysis that compares the above analysis with the result from Gubi et al. [ 13 ] and Zachariassen and Arlbjørn [ 41 ].

Accordingly, the analyses within this paper will not only reveal several important insights, but also identify new, potential research areas within the logistics and SCM discipline. Based on these insights, it will be possible to coordinate future research efforts and avoid any unnecessary replication or duplication of previous work.

The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Sect.  2 provides a brief literature review of earlier contributions dealing with doctoral dissertation reviews. Section  3 discusses the methodology used in this study; it also outlines the limitations concerning the chosen methodology. Subsequently, Sect.  4 discusses the results obtained from analyzing the Nordic dissertations. Finally, Sect.  5 concludes with the overall purpose of the paper and some directions for future research activities.

2 Extant literature on doctoral dissertations in logistics and supply chain management

Several authors have analyzed and classified doctoral dissertations in logistics and SCM, both within the Nordic countries as well as the USA. In this section, nine prior studies—seven American studies and two Nordic studies—are briefly mentioned so as to identify the trends in topical coverage through the years and to see whether there are any similarities between the topics chosen by PhD students across the Atlantic.

The first study of compendiums of PhD research in logistics conducted by Stock back in 1987 [ 28 ] examined 684 dissertations from the period 1970–1986 [ 29 ]. Subsequent reviews were conducted in (1) 1993 covering 422 American dissertations that were completed in the period of 1987–1991 [ 34 ] and (2) 2001 with an analysis of 317 PhD dissertations completed in the period of 1992–1998 [ 31 ]. In 2006, Stock completed his fourth review of PhD dissertations together with Broadus [ 33 ]. This study showed a distinct increasing trend in the number of dissertations within SCM- and/or logistic-related areas in the period from 1999 to 2004 when compared to the period covered by the 2001 study. But surprisingly, the count between 1999 and 2004 fell short of the overall levels of 1987–1991. A more interesting finding of the 2006 study was that the dissertations were more multifaceted due to the fact that they closely mirrored the cross-functional and boundary spanning nature of logistics; at the same time, their multifaceted nature made the classification task more difficult.

Another American study was conducted by Das and Handfield [ 8 ] wherein the authors investigated 117 PhD dissertations from the period 1987–1995 in order to evaluate the intellectual health of the purchasing discipline. The study was an extension of a previous research on purchasing dissertations conducted by Williams [ 39 ] to identify the key focus areas of research in the prior decade. In this study, Williams concluded that the key focus areas covered were supplier selection and development, information systems, organizational and measurement issues, negotiation and purchasing ethics.

The most recent review covering US dissertations was conducted by Nakhata et al. [ 25 ]. In this study, the authors reviewed 609 doctoral dissertations completed between 2005 and 2009. The number of identified dissertations in this study is significantly larger than the four reviews conducted by Stock and colleagues and clearly reflects a significant increase in colleges/universities graduating doctoral students within logistics- and supply chain-related areas. Nakhata et al. [ 25 ] also point out that a forthcoming retirement of academic “baby boomers” during the period 2005–2020 may explain the increase in the PhD production. The most prominent research methodologies employed by doctoral students in the study of Nakhata et al. [ 25 ] are modeling, simulation and empirical quantitative methods.

Two earlier studies of Nordic doctoral dissertations within logistics and SCM have been disseminated in academic journals. The first was developed by Gubi et al. [ 13 ], who reviewed 71 Nordic dissertations published between 1990 and 2001. Most of the dissertations were published as monographs with manufactures and carriers as the primary entity of analysis. The most recent Nordic contribution is by Zachariassen and Arlbjørn [ 41 ] wherein the authors analyze the development in Nordic doctoral research in logistics and SCM from the years 2002–2008. As opposed to Gubi et al. [ 13 ], Zachariassen and Arlbjørn [ 41 ] found more dissertations based on a collection of articles, which was reflective of a response to increase publication pressure. In contrast to the Gubi et al.’s [ 13 ] study, the primarily entity of analysis of most dissertations was the manufacturing companies. While prior reviews showed a focal company perspective, the review of Zachariassen and Arlbjørn [ 41 ] documented a shift toward an inter-organizational perspective covering dyadic and supply chain units of analysis. Additionally, according to Zachariassen and Arlbjørn [ 41 ], there has also been a decreased focus on the philosophy of science, since most dissertations were being published as collections of articles.

The method applied for identifying, collecting and reviewing the doctoral dissertations in this paper follows a three-step process. These steps are explained in the following subsections.

3.1 Identifying and collecting Nordic doctoral dissertations

The first step consisted of sending e-mails to contact persons at different research institutions within the Nordic countries (i.e., Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden) as outlined in [ 41 ]. Based on this e-mail contact, the list was further modified (e.g., adding University of Vaasa in Finland and Linnaeus University and Örebro University School of Business in Sweden). The final list included 39 research institutions which are presented in “Appendix 1.” A contact person at each of the 39 research institution was identified and was contacted by e-mail. The e-mail provided a clear statement of the research project and requested the list of completed doctoral dissertations within logistics and SCM within the analysis period. This process provided an initial list of 120 dissertations. Majority of these dissertations were accessible in electronic form (we either received them by e-mail or downloaded them from the corresponding institution’s Web site). The rest of the dissertations were available in hard copy form.

3.2 Validating the initial list of doctoral dissertations

The second step was concerned with the validation of the identified dissertations by senior researchers from each of the Nordic countries. This step was completed by e-mailing the initial list to these senior researchers and by attending the 27th annual NOFOMA conference in June 2015 at Molde University College. This process resulted in the inclusion of an additional 41 dissertations, thereby increasing the total count to 161.

3.3 Reviewing the received dissertations

In the third step, a detailed review of the 161 dissertations took place. During this process, three dissertations were excluded since they were judged as not being within the scope of the present analysis. Out of this net list of 158, it was possible to conduct reviews of 150 dissertations. As mentioned earlier, we were unable to retrieve eight dissertations as well as there was no response from the authors when we e-mailed them requesting for the copy of their dissertation. A complete list of the dissertations is included in “Appendix 2.” The detailed review took place against a review framework as described in [ 13 , 41 ]. Our analysis covered additional review elements as the dissertations were mostly based on a collection of articles. These elements were: (1) number of articles, (2) type of article (journal publication, book chapter, conference paper, working paper or unpublished paper), (3) year of publication, (4) ranking of the journal, (5) number of authors on each article and (6) the doctoral candidate’s author number for the specific article.

3.4 Limitations

This dissertation review has some limitations that are worthwhile to mention. First, even though the gross list of dissertations was reviewed and validated by senior researchers within the Nordic countries, there is a possibility that some dissertations were not identified. Second, reviewer subjectivity could not be completely eliminated in the review of the 150 dissertations. However, in order to minimize subjectivity, an aligned interpretation of the review elements and their outcome was obtained by a common review of three different types of dissertations (one monograph and two article-based dissertations). Third, the list of dissertations that was composed and reviewed stems from the NOFOMA research community. Obviously, other Nordic researchers may produce doctoral dissertations that deal with topics under the scope of this review, but is outside the NOFOMA radar (e.g., researchers belonging to European Decision Sciences Institute (EDSI), European Logistics Association (ELA), European Operations Management (EurOMA), International Purchasing and Supply Education and Research Association (IPSERA) or Logistics Research Network (LRN) or Rencontres Internationales de Recherche en Logistique (RIRL) (International Research Conference on Logistics and Supply Chain Management). This study can make observations only based on the dissertations reviewed under the NOFOMA umbrella. Fourth, since the contact persons were not provided with a definition of logistics and SCM, they might have excluded some dissertation that could have fallen within the scope of this analysis. Moreover, the senior researchers whom we e-mailed for dissertations might not be from the department of logistics and SCM. Therefore, including definitions for logistics and SCM will have no impact.

This section is concerned with specific analyses of the 150 reviewed doctoral dissertations. For comparative purposes, the data from the present review are portrayed and analyzed with the categories that are similar to those used by Gubi et al. [ 13 ] and Zachariassen and Arlbjørn [ 41 ]. The results are displayed in tables and are followed with appropriate comments and interpretations.

4.1 Number and type of dissertations finalized in the period 2009–2014

Table  1 contains the PhD dissertations divided by country, year of publication and type of dissertation (monograph vs. a collection of articles). Compared with the earlier studies, these new figures show some interesting developments. First, the number of finalized dissertations in the period 2009–2014 is 158, which represents an average of 26 dissertations per year. Compared with averages numbers of 10 (from the period 2002–2008) and 6.25 (from the period 1990–2001), this shows that there has been a strong increase in PhD production in this research area. A similar pattern is identified by Nakhata et al. [ 25 ] in their study of doctoral dissertations published by Dissertation Abstracts International in the period of 2005 and 2009. They explain that one reason for such an increase might be an increased level of retiring academicians toward 2020 which creates a stronger market for Assistant Professors. Another explanation could be that there is a drive from the governments to boost the number of annual PhD production in order to support national social, economic and environmental well-being as well as to address major global challenges [ 12 ]. The majority of the Nordic logistics and SCM PhDs come from the Finnish, Norwegian and Swedish research environments. In Denmark, the production is stable with 17 dissertations in the period of 2009–2014. Iceland has reported their first PhD in this period of analysis. Twenty-five Nordic research institutions have produced within logistics and SCM in the period 2009–2014 (see “Appendix 2”).

Another interesting finding in the current review is the increase in the share of dissertations that are based on a collection of articles. As given in Table  1 , 92 out of the 150 dissertations (61 %) are based on a collection of articles. Thus, there is a much higher focus on the craft to write academic articles when compared to the share of article-based dissertations in previous periods (29 % in the period 2002–2008 and 21 % in the period 1990–2001). This trend supports the predictions previously made by Zachariassen and Arlbjørn [ 41 ]. One plausible explanation for this development might be an increased amount of public and private resource allocation to research environments based on publications in internationally recognized peer-reviewed journals as well as measures such as impact indicators and H-index (see, e.g., [ 27 ]).

4.2 Primary entity of analysis

In Table  2 , all 150 dissertations are classified according to their entity of analysis; the classifications are also compared to previous results reported in [ 13 , 14 ]. The study of the primary entity of analysis in the dissertations shows strong differences. First, the category others has increased to about one-third of the dissertations in the last reported period. This group consists of a variety of dissertations without a specific supply chain actors’ perspective—such as fresh fish supply chains [ 26 ] and healthcare logistics [ 17 ]. Second, in absolute numbers, the manufacturer as the primary entity of analysis has increased when compared to the previous studies; but, if we measure the number as a percentage of the reviewed dissertations, there is a fall from 57 % in the dissertations from 2002 to 2008 to 33 % in the recent study.

Thus, it shows the more classical actors such as wholesalers, retailers and inventory hotels have obtained lesser research focus. Additionally, a remarkably low number of dissertations have focused on retail SCM within the Nordic countries. This is intriguing given the fact that the retail sector is well known for supply chain innovations such as quick response systems, efficient consumer response, distribution centers, reverse logistics, as well as collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment [ 10 ].

4.3 Level of analysis arranged according to year of publication

Table  3 shows the analysis of the dissertations level of analysis arranged by the year of publication.

An interesting development evidenced in the above table is an increased focus on functional themes within dissertations (in the present analysis, this is about 26 % of the dissertations compared with 11 and 10 % in previous analyses). This development is primarily driven by Finnish dissertations and can indicate an emphasis on building stronger knowledge bases in certain sub-disciplines along the supply chain. Examples of such dissertations are [ 18 , 19 ]. Another interesting development is the reduced focus on firm-level analysis and a subsequent increased focus on the supply chain or the network as the level of analysis, with the network level experiencing the highest increase. This increase is strongly evident within Swedish dissertations.

4.4 Research design, time frame and philosophy of science

Table  4 shows the classification of the dissertations according to research design, time frame and philosophy of science. The recent analysis reveals a decrease in share of dissertations that are purely theoretical in nature. Also, the share of dissertations founded on purely qualitative methods has also decreased compared with dissertations published in the period 2002–2008. The drop in share of these two categories has attributed to increases in shares of dissertations based on quantitative methods and on triangulations of qualitative and quantitative research methods. The increase in quantitative research methods can be explained by the increased pressure to publish, thereby favoring quantitative methods over time-consuming qualitative studies (see, e.g., [ 21 ]). While quantitative data collection can be automated, it is not possible for qualitative data collection. Qualitative data collection is, in general, more time-consuming and expensive when compared to quantitative research studies. Thus, it might be more cost-effective to slice one questionnaire survey into a number of articles than doing the same number of articles based on qualitative methodologies. This trend will undoubtedly improve numerical performance metrics. At the same time, this trend need not necessarily deliver new knowledge that could move the discipline significantly forward. Particularly, quantitative surveys are exposed to the phenomenon of “salami-slicing” where the data from a particular project are disseminated in a number of articles that in fact are “sliced” so thinly that there might be overlap of the papers (e.g., text recycling in literature review sections, key findings and discussions ([ 9 , 16 ]). We refer to the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) [ 7 ] for a discussion on different forms of text recycling.

Table  4 also shows an increased share of dissertations that apply a longitudinal perspective. Additionally, the share of snapshot time frames has decreased and the share of the category time frame not specified has increased. Examples of dissertations without any specific time frame are by (1) Mortensen [ 23 ], who investigate the concept of attraction and explain its role in initiation and development of buyer–seller relations, and (2) Tynjälä [ 35 ], who conceptually examines the methods and tools for supply chain decision making during new product development. A final remarkable finding from Table  4 is the continued decline of dissertations containing philosophy of science issues. The present analysis identifies 73 % of the dissertations not including such philosophical considerations in comparison with 71 and 45 % in the two previous periods of analysis. Twenty-nine percent of dissertations that are monographs do contain philosophy of science considerations, whereas 25 % have this content among the article-based dissertations. Zachariassen and Arlbjørn [ 41 ] provided four possible reasons for this decline: (1) There are no mandatory requirements for PhD students to attend philosophy of science courses, (2) article-based dissertations do not rely on philosophy of science argumentations to the same degree as the monographs that typically require more in-depth interaction of this issues and method considerations, (3) there is a lower prioritization of philosophy of science due to higher pressure from external funded projects that do not demand this theme, and (4) logistics and SCM are closely connected with industry that could lead to a perception that philosophy of science is less relevant. To this list, we add four more potential reasons. First, there are no requirements mentioned in Nordic countries’ ministerial orders granting degrees of PhD about unfolding philosophical of science perspectives. Second, few, if any, journals within logistics and SCM demand such discussions. Third, philosophy of science has disappeared from PhD candidates’ syllabi. Finally, only a few PhD advisors have the knowledge to join in such discussions with their PhD students; therefore, they do not send signals for offering such courses. Overall, this development is inexpedient if the discipline really has to move toward theory development [ 6 , 30 ].

4.5 Dissertations distributed according to topic groups and country of origin

Table  5 displays the dissertations according to topic groups based on a title analysis of the 158 identified dissertations. For comparison reasons, the topic groups identified in previous studies were used [ 13 , 41 ] and further supplemented with two new groups risk management and humanitarian logistics. The table shows a continued decline in the share of dissertations related to system design/structure/effectiveness, organizational development/competencies and material handling. In contrast, topics related to system integration/integration enablers and transport/transport systems have obtained increased awareness. The increase in these topics is primarily based on Swedish and Norwegian dissertations.

Additionally, while the study by [ 41 ] found that topics related to humanitarian logistics and risk management were absent, the present review of dissertations has remedied this with dissertations on this topic from Finland and Sweden.

4.6 Article-based dissertations

The study reported in this paper reveals an increased amount of article-based dissertations. This development confirms the expectations raised by Zachariassen and Arlbjørn [ 41 ]. However, an article-based dissertation can be composed in different ways—e.g., with respect to requirements regarding the type of articles, number of articles, co-author permission and the author order position among the co-authors in an article. The ministerial orders granting the degree of PhDs in the different countries do not provide any guidance and requirements concerning the format of a PhD. This opens up for various interpretations of the required workload to earn the PhD degree. Therefore, the increase in more article-based dissertations requires that we study how the practice of these types of dissertations is unfolded in the Nordic countries. This section takes a closer look at the 92 article-based dissertations and develops a measure to differentiate the various types of dissertations. The subsequent subsection proposes a measure for article-based dissertation; this measure is subsequently used in analyzing the identified Nordic article-based dissertations.

4.6.1 Measure for dissertation score

In order to develop a measure for an average article-based dissertation, we first need to recognize the fact that a specific article that is part of the dissertation can take different forms. Hence, the first element in this proposal for a dissertation measure is to differentiate between the different types of contributions that are part of the article-based dissertation and then to allocate different scores for the different types. The present analysis distinguishes between five different types of articles with specific scores as follows:

Peer-reviewed journal articles, score: 1

Peer-reviewed articles in form of book chapters (e.g., in an anthology), score: 0.8

Peer-reviewed conference articles, score: 0.8

Working papers, score: 0.5

Non-published papers, score: 0.5

The differences in scores are used to reflect different perceptions of workload as well as quality requirements. Thus, a peer-reviewed journal article obtains the highest score of 1 point followed by book chapters and conferences papers with scores of 0.8, and working papers and non-published manuscripts of 0.5 points.

The next step in developing a dissertation score is to propose a measure that takes into account the number of authors as well as the order of the authors. Thus, a sole authored paper by a PhD candidate counts more than a co-authored paper. And, in the present measure, a first-order author position counts more than a lower author position. Table  6 proposes scores for authorship indicators evaluating each of the articles that take into consideration various numbers of authors and author order positions.

Based on the above proposals of different types of articles and measures for different authorship indicators, we can now develop an overall dissertation score based on Formula 1:

Formula 1: overall dissertation score

where S  = overall dissertation score, T  = type of article and authorship factor = number of authors (NoA) * author order position (AOP).

The overall dissertation score is composed of multiplying the scores of the individual articles by the authorship factor. The basic idea is that the highest score per article of 1 point is reduced based on the lower the level of the perceived status of various channels (e.g., journal rankings; journal articles versus book chapters; conference articles versus journal articles/book chapters) and the number of co-authors as well as the author order the PhD student has for the given article. A conference paper that is included in an article-based dissertation, which have been through a double-blind review process (e.g., at a NOFOMA, LRN or a EurOMA conference), is valued 0.8 compared with an article that is published in a peer-reviewed journal. Thus, a conference article is considered as less mature when compared to an article that has been through perhaps several revisions in a journal before acceptance. However, we should avoid with the generalization of the different channels. The Danish Bibliometric Research Indicator, for example, value accepted conference articles as much as some journal papers, if they are accepted to be presented at some conferences (e.g., EURAM and AOM) [ 36 ]. Also, contributions to books are valued differently according to which publisher the work is published with [ 37 ].

The dissertation score is a measure for the PhD dissertation at hand—and thus, the status of it when it was judged and passed. Several article-based dissertations contain non-published papers, working papers and conference articles that find its way to peer-reviewed journals after the degree of PhD has been awarded and further workload is invested in those articles. Other articles of this nature never end in publications for various reasons. Thus, the status of the papers after the PhD evaluation is not included in the dissertation score presented in this article.

An article-based dissertation is evaluated not only on the enclosed articles, but also on the text (the frame) that bind the articles together. Also, herein there seems to be different practices—e.g., the scope and depths on positioning the thesis against extant research; the level and scope of methodological and philosophy of science discussions (see, e.g., [ 3 ]); independent literature reviews as well as discussions on the “red line” between the included articles.

The overall purpose with the dissertation score is to propose a measure to be used for discussing the scope and content-type of a PhD dissertation. What is enough? And how much of a dissertation can be co-authored with others? Is one dissertation better than another because it includes articles that are published? It is our experience that there are differences in what is needed in an article-based dissertation both within a department at a research institution and between research institutions. The present dissertation score can help in discussing what is needed and also in developing department guidelines.

The proposed overall dissertation score formula is not without limitations. First, the division of types of articles and their scores is subjective. The peer-reviewed journal category, for example, can be further divided into different scores by following specific journal ranking lists. Second, the scores for various numbers of authors and their author order position in the proposed authorship factor calculation are also subjective and can be altered. The order of authors of a paper does not necessarily display the true workload of different authors. The order of authors can be organized using different principles such as a simple alphabetical listing, organized after seniority (experience); listing the person first who got the idea to the article as the first author; or listing PhD students first because they need the credit more than their senior co-authors. Third, the dissertation score does not include a time perspective (i.e., the length of the PhD program)—a higher score can be obtained over a 5-year period when compared to a 3-year period. Fourth, the dissertation score does not take into consideration the extent of thesis frame (the text accompanying the articles such as scoping, positioning, methods, philosophy of science, contribution and implications). Fifth, the score of author order position decreases based on the position; this may not reflect the actual work load. In summary, as with any measures in general, this overall dissertation score also has its own shortcomings and these are important to be considered to ensure the practical use of the score. However, in spite of the sometime magical status of numbers—we should remember that “numbers are just number” and that they can be used to jump start discussions on how to compose an article-based dissertation.

4.6.2 Dissertation scores

This section provides an analysis of the 92 article-based dissertations using the dissertation score developed in the above subsection. This number is divided among 12 Danish, 27 Finnish, 37 Swedish and 16 Norwegian dissertations. As given in Table  7 , the dissertations vary in the number of included articles spanning from three to eight articles. The majority of the dissertations are composed of four to six articles. The average number of articles counts to 4.84. Table  7 also shows that the average dissertation score increases from 1.53 with three articles to 5.38 with eight articles. This is not surprising given the design of the formula.

Furthermore, Table  7 shows that including journal articles is a well-established practice among the reviewed dissertations. The share of journal articles counts 54 % among dissertations with four articles (71/132); 62 % among dissertations with five articles (80/130); and 69 % among dissertations with six articles (99/144). After journal papers, conference papers and non-published papers are the second most typical types that are included in article-based dissertations. Finally, Table  7 shows that including reviewed books chapters is not that prevalent among the dissertations reviewed.

This review also shows that there are more PhD candidates at Chalmers University of Technology with highest number of contributions at 18 dissertations followed by Molde University College with 16 dissertations and Lund University with 11 dissertations (see Fig.  1 ). In all, the 92 article-based dissertations contain 446 articles divided into the five types discussed in Sect.  4.6.1 . Out of this, 266 are peer-reviewed journal articles of which 68 are from Chalmers University of Technology; 39 are from Molde University College; and 39 are from Lappeenranta University of Technology. In total, 83 articles are included as conference papers; 64 are included as non-published papers; 27 are included as working papers; and only six articles take the form of book chapters.

Average dissertation scores divided by research institution. AU Aalto University, ASB/AU Aarhus School of Business/Aarhus University, CUT Chalmers University of Technology, HSE Hanken School of Economics, JIBS Jönköping International Business School, KI Karolinska Institutet, LiU Linköping University, LU Lund University, LUT Lappeenranta University of Technology, MUC Molde University College, SU Stockholm University, TSE Turku School of Economics, TUD Technical University Denmark, UO University of Oulu, UV University of Vaasa, USD University of Southern Denmark

Figure  1 demonstrates a relatively high variety among the dissertations across the different research institutions with respect to the average institutional dissertations (ranging from 1.47, 2.47, 2.76, 2.96, 3.03, 3.12, 3.22, 3.25, 3.45, 3.83, 3.87, 3.93, 4.11, 4.22, 4.28, 5.02). Four of the six dissertations composed of three articles (see Table  7 ) are Danish dissertations from Aarhus School of Business/Aarhus University. In contrast, eight out of the 24 dissertations holding six articles are composed of 4–6 peer-reviewed journal articles. The dissertation score is here suggested as an instrument that can be used in discussions on what is required to earn the degree of PhD at the specific research institutions and, through benchmarks, facilitate alignment processes if needed. With the limitations in mind, a PhD student can discuss with her or his advisor(s) as of what type of articles are required; whether co-authored articles with advisors or other senior researchers or PhD students can be included; and how a PhD student documents her or his contribution in each article if they are co-authored. The dissertation score can also stimulate further discussions on what should be included in the binder of the dissertation—e.g., prioritizes theme to be discussed in the binder instead of adding another article.

4.7 Potential topics for inclusion in the dissertations

The review process of the 150 dissertations reveals that five research areas seem to be under-prioritized among Nordic scholars within logistics and SCM. The topics are as follows (not prioritized):

Cloud technology Although there is a focus on maximizing the effectiveness of shared resources [ 5 ], the increased availability of high-capacity network, low-cost computers and storage devices as well as the widespread adoption of hardware virtualization, service-oriented architecture, and autonomic and utility computing have led to a growth in the use of cloud technology. In spite of its increased importance, it is distinct that this subject has not received more attention in the dissertations reviewed.

Globalization of SC As mentioned previously, this topic was still largely ignored in the dissertation reviewed. With the natural outcome of expanding growing market and sustaining competitive advantage, companies have to make key decisions about managing costs and complexity through globalized supply chain (see, e.g., [ 11 ]).

Supply chain innovation (SCI) The discipline of innovations has branched out into the supply chain context and should be regarded as an important topic. While firms are applying their assets, operating resources and capabilities to develop new ways of improve performance, they cannot ignore the importance of their supply chain partners in enabling product and process innovations (see, e.g., [ 1 ]). Accordingly, more attention needs to be paid to this topic.

Security This topic was also mentioned in the previous study by Zachariassen and Arlbjørn [ 41 ]. Yet, this topic has only received limited attention among the 112 dissertations published between 2009 and 2014. Security is increasingly becoming a major concern to both private and public sector organizations. Security searches for cooperative arrangements between businesses as well as identifies risks before the goods move. It is also concerned with controlling theft and reducing illegal import and export of stolen goods. There are many areas of research within the topic of security from formal aspects to empirical research (see, e.g., [ 4 , 40 ]). Hence, it is essential that researchers start focusing on the different aspects of this topic in the future. This is one of the key topics of research within supply chain now as well as in the distant future.

Big data This is currently drowning the world. The huge amount of data is an invaluable asset in the context of supply chains. The quality of the evidence extracted significantly benefits from the availability of broad datasets. On the one hand, extensive vision is more promising when extra data are available. And, on the other hand, it is a big challenge. The current approach is not appropriate to handle large data, and therefore, there is a need for new solutions to handle large datasets. This research field is new and rapidly evolving [ 38 ], and there is also a lead-time issue before we see the first dissertations within this area. As a result, any initial effort taken will be a strong contribution from both experimental and theoretical perspective (see, e.g., [ 15 ]).

5 Conclusion

This paper has set out to analyze the development of Nordic doctoral dissertations in logistics and SCM from the years 2009–2014. The paper identified 158 dissertations relevant for review; out of this, 150 dissertations were reviewed in depth based on different criteria. Compared with previous studies, this research found several important developments in Nordic doctoral research. First, there has been an increase in the average annual number of finalized dissertations when compared to previous Nordic studies. The results predominantly show the remarkable increase in dissertations between 2009 and 2014 (158 dissertations) wherein Sweden ranks highest followed by Finland, Norway, Denmark and Iceland, respectively. Second, there has been a decrease in dissertations that focus on classical entities of analysis such as carriers, wholesalers, retailers and inventories. Therefore, it is clear that the PhD dissertation’s focal point is still more on manufacturing firms (50/150) rather than on other entities. Third, there has been an increase in functional subject areas of logistics and SCM and the supply chain/network level. Fourth, the number of dissertations containing philosophy of science discussions is continuing to decline. As mentioned earlier, there is a significant increase in article-based dissertations and these dissertations do not adopt philosophy of science; as a result, there is an extreme decrease (110/150). Finally, there is clear shift toward disseminating doctoral research as an article-based dissertation (2009–2014: 92/150; 2002–2008: 26/70; 1990–2001: 15/71, respectively). However, this piece of research has demonstrated that the content of the Nordic article-based dissertations varies along dimensions such as types of articles included, the number of articles included and the number of co-authors at the papers. A dissertation score has been suggested as a measure for initiating discussions about such dissertations at a single research institution and as a benchmark between different institutions. As discussed earlier, such a score is not without limitations and must not stand alone. Therefore, the next logical step might be to discuss how far should we go with the number and the type of contributions. What is enough in order to earn a PhD degree? The content of this paper can be used to match the expectations of PhD students and their supervisors so as to find the right path to learn the craft of conducting and disseminating logistics and SCM research.

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Christopher Rajkumar, Lone Kavin, Xue Luo & Jan Stentoft

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Appendix 1: Research institutions contacted

Aalborg University

Aarhus School of Business/Aarhus University

Copenhagen Business School

Danish Technical University/Technical University of Denmark

Roskilde University

University of Southern Denmark

Aalto University

Åbo Akademi University

Hanken School of Economic

Helsinki University

Lappeenranta University of Technology

National Defence University

Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration

Tampere University of Technology

Technical Research Center of Finland

Turku School of Economics

University of Oulu Business School

University of Vaasa

University of Iceland

BI Norwegian School of Management

Institute of Transport Economics

Molde University College

Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration

Norwegian University of Science and Technology

SINTEF Industrial Management

University of Oslo Business School

University of Nordland

Chalmers University of Technology

Gothenburg University

Jönköping International Business School

Karolinska Institute Department of Public Health Sciences

Linköping University

Linnæus University

Lund University

Örebro University

Stockholm School of Economics

Stockholm University

Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute

University College of Borås

Appendix 2: Doctoral dissertations identified

2.1 danish dissertations.

Aarhus School of Business/Aarhus University:

Abginehchi, S. (2012), Essays on Inventory Control in Presence of Multiple Sourcing , Aarhus.

Bach, L. (2014), Routing and Scheduling Problems — Optimization using Exact and Heuristic Methods , Aarhus.

Bendre, A.B. (2010), Numerical Studies of Single - stage, Single - item Inventory Systems with Lost Sales , Aarhus.

Bodnar, P. (2013), Essays on Warehouse Operations , Aarhus.

Christensen, T.R.L. (2013), Network Design Problems with Piecewise Linear Cost Functions , Aarhus.

Du, B. (2011), Essays on Advance Demand Information, Prioritization and Real Options in Inventory Management, Aarhus.

Hanghøj, A. (2014), Papers in Purchasing and Supply Management: A Capability - Based Perspective , Aarhus.

Kjeldsen, K.H. (2012), Routing and Scheduling in Liner Shipping , Aarhus.

Copenhagen Business School:

Andreasen, P.H. (2012), The Dynamics of Procurement Management — A Complexity Approach , Frederiksberg.

Kinra, A. (2009), Supply Chain (Logistics) Environmental Complexity , Frederiksberg.

Nøkkentved, C. (2009), Enabling Supply Networks with Collaborative Information Infrastructures: An Empirical Investigation of Business Model Innovation in Supplier Relationship Management , Frederiksberg.

Yu, L.A. (2012), Fabricating an S&OP Process: Circulating References and Matters of Concern , Frederiksberg.

University of Southern Denmark:

Jensen, J.K. (2013), Development of Environmentally Sustainable Food Supply Chains , Kolding.

Mikkelsen, O.S. (2011), Strategic Sourcing in a Global Organizational Context , Kolding.

Mortensen, M.H. (2011), Towards Understanding Attractiveness in Industrial Relationships , Kolding.

Zachariassen, F. (2011), Supply Chain Management and Critical Theory: Meta - Theoretical, Disciplinary and Practical Contributions to the Supply Chain Management Discipline Based on Insights from the Management Accounting Discipline , Kolding.

Technical University of Denmark:

Jørgensen, P. (2013), Technology in Health Care Logistics , Lyngby.

2.2 Finnish dissertations

Aalto University School of Business:

Aaltonen, K. (2010), Stakeholder Management in International Projects , Finland.

Ahola, T. (2009), Efficiency in Project Networks: The Role of Inter - Organizational Relationships in Project Implementation , Finland.

Ala-Risku, T. (2009), Installed Base Information: Ensuring Customer Value and Profitability after the Sale , Finland.

Groop, J. (2012), Theory of Constraints in Field Service: Factors Limiting Productivity in Home Care Operations , Finland.

Helkiö, P. (2013), D eveloping Explorative and Exploitative Strategic Intentions — Towards a Practice Theory of Operations Strategy , Finland.

Hinkka, V. (2013), Implementation of RFID Tracking across the Entire Supply Chain , Finland.

Karjalainen, K. (2009), Challenges of Purchasing Centralization — Empirical Evidence from Public Procurement , Finland.

Karrus, K. (2011), Policy Variants for Coordinating Supply Chain Inventory Replenishments , Finland.

Kauremaa, J. (2010), Studies on the Utilization of Electronic Trading Systems in Supply Chain Management , Finland.

Nieminen, S. (2011), Supplier Relational Effort in the Buyer – Supplier Relationship , Finland.

Peltokorpi, A. (2010), Improving Efficiency in Surgical Services: A Production Planning and Control Approach , Finland.

Porkka, P. (2010), Capacitated Timing of Mobile and Flexible Service Resources , Finland.

Rajahonka, M. (2013), Towards Service Modularity — Service and Business Model Development , Finland.

Ristola, P. (2012), Impact of Waste - to - Energy on the Demand and Supply Relationships of Recycled Fibre , Finland.

Seppälä, T. (2014), Contemporary Determinants and Geographical Economy of Added Value, Cost of Inputs, and Profits in Global Supply Chains: An Empirical Analysis , Finland.

Tenhiälä, A. (2009), Contingency Theories of Order Management, Capacity Planning, and Exception Processing in Complex Manufacturing Environments , Finland.

Torkki, P. (2012), Best Practice Processes — What are the Reasons for Differences in Productivity between Surgery Units , Finland. NOT reviewed

Turunen, T. (2013), Organizing Service Operations in Manufacturing , Finland.

Tynjälä, T. (2011 ) , An Effective Tool for Supply Chain Decision Support During New Product Development Process , Finland.

Viitamo, E. (2012), Productivity as a Competitive Edge of a Service Firm: Theoretical Analysis and a Case Study of the Finnish Banking Industry , Finland.

Voutilainen, J. (2014), Factory Positioning in an Unpredictable Environment: A Managerial View of Manufacturing Strategy Formation , Finland.

Åbo Akademi University:

Nyholm, M. (2011), Activation of Supply Relationships , Turku.

Hanken School of Economic:

Antai, I. (2011), Operationalizing Supply Chain vs. Supply Chain Completion , Finland.

Haavisto, I. (2014), Performance in Humanitarian Supply Chains , Finland.

Harilainen, H. (2014), Managing Supplier Sustainability Risk , Finland.

Tomasini Ponce, R. (2012), Informal Learning Framework for Secondment: Logistics Lessons from Disaster Relief Operations , Finland.

Vainionpää, M. (2010), Tiering Effects in Third - party Logistics: A First - Tier Buyer Perspective , Finland.

University of Oulu Business School:

Juntunen, J. (2010): Logistics Outsourcing for Economies in Business Network , Finland

Lappeenranta University of Technology — Industrial Engineering and Management:

Karppinen, H. (2014), Reframing the Relationship between Service Design and Operations: A Service Engineering Approach , Lappeenranta.

Kerkkänen, A. (2010), Improving Demand Forecasting Practices in the Industrial Context , Lappeenranta.

Laisi, M. (2013), Deregulation’s Impact on the Railway Freight Transport Sector’s Future in the Baltic Sea Region , Lappeenranta.

Lättilä, L. (2012), Improving Transportation and Warehousing Efficiency with Simulation - Based Decision Support Systems , Lappeenranta.

Niemi, P. (2009), Improving the Effectiveness of Supply Chain Development Work — An Expert Role Perspective , Lappeenranta.

Pekkanen, P. (2011), Delay Reduction in Courts of Justice — Possibilities and Challenges of Process Improvement in Professional Public Organizations , Lappeenranta.

Salmela, E. (2014), Kysyntä - Toimitusketjun Synkronointi Epävarman Kysynnän ja Tarjonnan Toimintaympäristössä , Lappeenranta. NOT reviewed.

Saranen, J. (2009), Enhancing the Efficiency of Freight Transport by Using Simulation , Lappeenranta.

Lappeenranta University of Technology — School of Business:

Kähkönen, A. (2010), The Role of Power Relations in Strategic Supply Management — A Value Net Approach , Lappeenranta.

Lintukangas Annaliisa, K. (2009), Supplier Relationship Management Capability in the Firm’s Global Integration , Lappeenranta.

Vilko, J. (2012), Approaches to Supply Chain Risk Management: Identification, Analysis and Control , Lappeenranta.

Turku School of Economic:

Koskinen, P. (2009), Supply Chain Challenges and Strategies of a Global Paper Manufacturing Company , Turku.

Lorentz, H. (2009), Contextual Supply Chain Constraints in Emerging Markets — Exploring the Implications for Foreign Firms , Turku.

Rantasila, K. (2013), Measuring Logistics Costs. Designing a Generic Model for Assessing Macro Logistics Costs in a Global Context with Empirical Evidence from the Manufacturing and Trading Industries , Turku.

Solakivi, T. (2014), The Connection between Supply Chain Practices and Firm Performance — Evidence from Multiple Surveys and Financial Reporting Data , Turku.

Tampere University of Technology:

Jokinen, J. (2010), Multi - Agent Control of Reconfigurable Pallet Transport Systems , Tampere. NOT reviewed

University of Vaasa:

Addo-Tenkorang, R. (2014), Conceptual Framework for Large - Scale Complex Engineering - Design & Delivery Processes. A Case of Enterprise SCM Network Activities and Analysis , Finland.

Kärki, P. (2012), The Impact of Customer Order Lead Time - Based Decisions on the Firm’s Ability to Make Money — Case Study: Build to Order Manufacturing of Electrical Equipment and Appliances , Finland.

Moilanen, V. (2011), Case study: Developing a Framework for Supply Network Management , Finland.

Nugroho Widhi, Y K. (2009), Structuring Postponement Strategies in the Supply Chain by Analytical Modeling , Finland.

2.3 Icelandic dissertations

University of Iceland — School of Health Sciences:

Nga, M. (2010), Enhancing Quality Management of Fresh Fish Supply Chains through Improved Logistics and Ensured Traceability , Reykjavik.

2.4 Norwegian dissertations

Norwegian University of Science and Technology:

Bai, Y. (2013), Reliability of International Freight Trains, An Exploratory Study Drawing on Three Mainstream Theories , Trondheim.

BI Norwegian School of Management:

Hatteland, C.J. (2010), Ports as Actors in Industrial Networks , Norway.

Bjørnstad, S. (2009), Shipshaped Kongsberg Industry and Innovations in Deepwater Technology, 1975 – 2000, Norway.

Hoholm, T. (2009), The Contrary Forces of Innovation - An Ethnography of Innovation Processes in the Food Industr, Norway.

Zhovtobryukh, Y (2014), The Role of Technology, Ownership and Origin in M&A Performance, Norway.

Molde University College:

Halse, L.L. (2014), Walking the Path of Change. Globalization of the Maritime Cluster in North West Norway , Norway.

Salema, G.L. (2014), The Antecedents of Supplier Logistics Performance: an Empirical Study of the Essential Medicines Supply in Tanzania, Norway.

Chaudhry, M.O. (2014), An Assessment of Linkages between Investment in Transport Infrastructure and Economic Development, Norway.

Søvde, N.E. (2014) Optimization of Terrain Transportation Problems in Forestry, Norway.

Iversen, H.P. (2013) Logististikkerfaringer i Psykiatri og Psykisk Helsearbeid: Om Forståelse, Organisering og Ledelsed av Relasjoner i en Profesjonell Organisasjon i Omstilling, Norway.

Bottolfsen, T. (2013) The Impact of Internal, Customer and Supplier Integration on Store Performance , Norway.

Schøyen, H. (2013) Identifying Efficiency Potentials in Maritime Logistics: Investigations from Container and Bulk Trades , Nowary.

Jin, J.Y. (2013) Cooperative Parallel Metaheuristics for Large Scale Vehicle Routing Problems, Norway.

Regmi, U.K. (2013) Essays on Air Transport Marketing and Economics , Norway.

Glavee-Geo, R. (2012) The Antecedents and Consequences of Supplier Satisfaction in Agro Commodity Value Chain: an Empirical Study of Smallholder Cocoa Growers of Ghana , Norway.

Lanquepin, G. (2012) Algorithms for Dynamic Pricing and Lot Sizing, Norway.

Qin, F.F. (2012) Essays on Efficient Operational Strategy of Urban Rail Transit, Norway.

Qian, F.B. (2012) Passenger Risk Minimization in Helicopter Transportation for the Offshore Petroleum Industry , Norwary.

Bø, O. (2012) Aspects of Production Tracking Systems in the Supply Network for Caught Seafood , Norway.

Yue, X. (2010) Competition and Cooperation: a Game theoretic Analysis on the Development of Norwegian Continental shelf, Norway.

Shyshou, A. (2010) Vessel Planning in Offshore Oil and Gas Operations , Norway.

Thapalia, B.K. (2010) Stochastic Single - commodity Network Design , Norway.

Bakhrankova, K. (2010) Production Planning in Continuous Process Industries: Theoretical and Optimization Issues, Norway.

Bhatta, B.P. (2009) Discrete Choice Analysis with Emphasis on Problems of Network - based Level of Service Attributes in Travel Demand Modeling , Norway.

Burki, U. (2009) Cross Cultural Effects on the Relational Governance of Buyer – Supplier Relationships: an Empirical Study of the Textile Exporting Firms of Pakistan , Norway.

Vaagen, H. (2009) Assortment Planning under Uncertainty, Norway.

Saeed, N. (2009) Competition and Cooperation among Container Terminals in Pakistan: with Emphasis on Game Theoretical Analysis, Norway.

2.5 Swedish dissertations

Chalmers University of Technology:

Almotairi, B. (2012), Integrated Logistics Platform the Context of the Port Relational Exchanges and Systematic Integration , Gothenburg.

Andersson, R. (2009), Supply Chain Resilience through Quality Management , Gothenburg.

Bankvall, L. (2011), Activity Linking in Industrial Networks , Gothenburg.

Behrends, S. (2011), Urban Freight Transport Sustainability — The Interaction of Urban Freight and Intermodal Transport , Gothenburg.

Ekwall, D. (2009), Managing Risk for Antagonistic Threats against Transport Network , Gothenburg.

Ellis, J. (2011), Assessing Safety Risks for the Sea Transport Link of a Multimodal Dangerous Goods Transport Chain , Gothenburg.

Finnsgård, C. (2013), Materials Exposure: The Interface between Materials Supply and Assembly , Gothenburg.

Fredriksson, A. (2011), Materials Supply and Production Outsourcing , Gothenburg.

Hanson, R. (2012), In - Plant Materials Supply: Supporting the Choice between Kitting and Continuous Supply , Gothenburg.

Hilletofth, P. (2010), Demand – Supply Chain Management , Gothenburg.

Hjort, K. (2013), On Aligning Returns Management with the Ecommerce Strategy to Increase Effectiveness , Gothenburg.

Ingrid, H. (2014), Organizing Purchasing and Supply Management across Company Boundaries , Gothenburg.

Ivert, L. (2012), Use of Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS) Systems to Support Manufacturing Planning and Control Processes , Gothenburg.

Kalantari, J. (2012) Foliated Transportation Networks - Evaluating Feasibility and Potential , Gothenburg.

Kharrazi, S. (2012), Steering Based Lateral Performance Control of Long Heavy Vehicle Combinations , Gothenburg.

Lindholm, M.E., (2012) Enabling Sustainable Development of Urban Freight from a Local Authority Perspective , Gothenburg.

Mirzabeiki, V. (2013), Collaborative Tracking and Tracing — A Supply Chain Perspective , Gothenburg.

Roso, V. (2009), The Dry Port Concept , Gothenburg.

Sternberg, H. (2011), Waste in Road Transport Operations — Using Information Sharing to Increase Efficiency , Gothenburg.

Styhre, L. (2010), Capacity Utilization in Short Sea Shipping , Gothenburg.

Sundquist, V. (2014), The Role of Intermediation in Business Networks , Gothenburg.

Thörnblad, K. (2013), Mathematical Optimization in Flexible Job Shop Scheduling: Modelling, Analysis, and Case Studies , Gothenburg.

Jönköping International Business School:

Borgström, B. (2010), Supply chain strategising: Integration in practice, Jönköping.

Cui, L.G., (2012), Innovation and network development of logistics firms, Jönköping.

Skoglund, P. (2012), Sourcing decisions for military logistics in Peace Support Operations: A case study of the Swedish armed forces, Jönköping.

Jafari, H. (2014), Postponement and Logistics Flexibility in Retailing , Jönköping.

Wikner, S. (2011), Value Co - creation as Practice — On a supplier’s capabilities in the value generation process, Jönköping.

Karolinska Institute Department of Public Health Sciences:

Anund, A. (2009), Sleepiness at the Wheel , Sweden.

Linköping University:

Ekström, J. (2012), Optimization Approaches for Design of Congestion Pricing Schemes , Linköping.

Feldmann, A. (2011), A Strategic Perspective on Plants in Manufacturing Networks , Linköping.

Hansson, L. (2010), Public Procurement at the Local Government Level: Actor Roles, Discretion and Constraints in the Implementation of Public Transport Goals , Linköping.

Isaksson, K. (2014), Logistics Service Providers Going Green — A Framework for Developing Green Service Offerings , Linköping.

Lindskog, M. (2012), On Systems Thinking in Logistics Management — A Critical Perspective , Linköping.

Malmgren, M. (2010), Managing Risks in Business Critical Outsourcing: A Perspective from the Outsourcer and the Supplier , Linköping.

Martinsen, U. (2014), Towards Greener Supply Chains: Inclusion of Environmental Activities in Relationships between Logistics Service Providers and Shippers , Linköping.

Mårdh, S. (2013), Cognitive Erosion and its Implications in Alzheimer’s Disease , Linköping.

Musa, S.N. (2012), Supply Chain Risk Management: Identification, Evaluation and Mitigation Techniques , Linköping.

Olstam, J. (2009), Simulation of Surrounding Vehicles in Driving Simulators , Linköping.

Thoresson, K. (2011), To Calculate the Good Society: Cost - Benefit Analysis and the Border between Expertise and Policy in the Transport Sector , Linköping. NOT reviewed.

Linnaeus University:

Farvid, S.M. (2014), Essays on Inventory Theory , Sweden.

Samadi, R. (2010), Supply Chain Optimization and Market Coordinated Inventory , Sweden. NOT Reviewed.

Lund University:

Bagdadi, O. (2012), The Development of Methods for Detection and Assessment of Safety Critical Events in Car Driving , Lund.

Eng Larsson, F. (2014), On the Incentives to Shift to Low - Carbon Freight Transport , Lund.

Howard, C. (2013), Real - Time Allocation Decisions in Multi - Echelon Inventory Control , Lund.

Lundin, J. (2011), On Supply Chain Incentive Alignment: Insight from a Cash Supply Chain and a Trucking Service Supply Chain , Lund.

Olander, M. (2010), Logistik och Juridik. Moderna Affärsförbindelser och Kontrakt som Utmaningar för Förmögenhetsrätten, Lund. NOT Reviewed

Pazirandeh, A. (2014), Purchasing Power and Purchasing Strategies — Insights from the Humanitarian Sector , Lund.

Urciuoli, L. (2011), Security in Physical Distribution Networks: A Survey Study of Swedish Transport Operators , Lund.

Olander Roses, K. (2014), From PowerPoints to Reality - managing Strategic Change in the Paper Packaging Industry , Lund.

Sohrabpour, V. (2014), Packaging Design and Development for Supply Chain Efficiency and Effectiveness, Lund.

Abbasi, M. (2014), Exploring Themes and Challenges in Developing Sustainable Supply Chains - A Complexity Theory Perspective , Lund.

Ringsberg, H. (2013), Food Traceability in Regulated Fresh Food Supply Chains with an Emphasis on the Swedish Fishing Industry , Lund.

Beckeman, M. (2011), The Potential for Innovation in the Swedish Food Sector , Lund.

Dominic, C. (2011), Packaging Logistics Performance , Lund.

Johansson, O. (2009), On the Value of Intelligent Packaging - A Packaging Logistics Perspective , Lund.

Pålsson, H. (2009), Logistics value of using tracking data from uniquely labelled goods , Lund.

Stockholm University, Department of Psychology:

Eriksson, G. (2014), On Physical Relations in Driving: Judgments, Cognition and Perception , Stockholm.

Örebro University School of Business:

Ahlberg, J. (2012), Multi - Unit Common Value Auctions: Theory and Experiments , Örebro.

Arvidsson, S. (2010), Essays on Asymmetric Information in the Automobile Insurance Market , Örebro.

Bohlin, L. (2010), Taxation of Intermediate Goods — A CGE Analysis , Örebro.

Krüger, N. (2009), Infrastructure Investment Planning under Uncertainty , Örebro. NOT reviewed

Liu, X. (2013), Transport and Environmental Incentive Policy Instruments — Effects and Interactions , Örebro. NOT reviewed

Lodefalk, M. (2013), Tackling Barriers to Firm Trade. Liberalisation, Migration, and Servicification , Örebro.

Sund, B. (2010), Economic Evaluation, Value of Life, Stated Preference Methodology and Determinants of Risk , Örebro.

Swärdh, J. (2009), Commuting Time Choice and the Value of Travel Time , Örebro.

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Rajkumar, C., Kavin, L., Luo, X. et al. Doctoral dissertations in logistics and supply chain management: a review of Nordic contributions from 2009 to 2014. Logist. Res. 9 , 5 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12159-016-0132-0

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s12159-016-0132-0

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• Ph.D. in Logistics & Supply Chain Management

Ph.D. in Logistics

A doctor of philosophy in logistics.

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Students in the logistics doctoral program at Broad work closely with faculty from the onset of their program to ensure the best preparation for academic life – including working on supply chain management research projects that eventually lead to publications in top-tier academic journals. The program links the traditional areas of logistics research and development with faculty expertise in the areas of demand management and forecasting, logistics operations and modeling, logistics strategy and relationship management. Both empirical and analytical methods are examined in the program to provide students with the skill sets necessary to succeed in their chosen stream of research.

Publications

Below are selected publications by faculty who work in the logistics doctoral program.

Stanley E. Griffis

2016 Curt B. Moore, G. Tyge Payne, Chad W. Autry,  Stanley E. Griffis . (2016) “Project Complexity and Bonding Social Capital in Network Organizations.” Group & Organization Management . May, 1-35. 2015 Bell, John E. Autry, Chad W.,  Griffis, Stanley E.,  (2015) “Supply Chain Interdiction as a Competitive Weapon.” Transportation Journal . 54(1), 89-103. 2014 Griffis, Stanley E.,  Autry, Chad W., Thornton, LaDonna M., ben Brik, Anis (2014) “Assessing Antecedents of Socially Responsible Supplier Selection in Three Global Supply Chain Contexts.” Decision Sciences . 45(6), 1187-1215. Melnyk, Steven, Zobel, Christopher W., Macdonald, John,  Griffis, Stanley E.  (2014) “Making Sense of Transient Responses in Simulation Studies.” International Journal of Production Research . 52(3), 617-632, 2013 Whipple, Judith M., Griffis,  Stanley E.,  and Daugherty, Patricia J. (2013) “Conceptualizations of Trust: Can We Trust Them?”  Journal of Business Logistics . 34(2), 117-130 . Fleming, Christopher L.,  Griffis, Stanley E ., Bell, John E. (2013) “The Effects of Triangle Inequality on the Vehicle Routing Problem.”  European Journal of Operations Research . 224(1):1-7. 2012 Griffis, Stanley E ., Rao, Shashank, Goldsby, Thomas J., Voorhees, Clay M., Iyengar, Deepak, (2012) “Linking Order Fulfillment Performance to Referrals in Online Retailing: An Empirical Analysis.”  Journal of Business Logistics . 33(4), 278-292. Griffis, Stanley E ., Whipple, Judith, M., (2012) “A Comprehensive Risk Assessment and Evaluation Model: Proposing a Risk Priority Continuum.”  Transportation Journal . 51 (4), 428-451. Porterfield, Tobin E., Macdonald, John R.,  Griffis, Stanley E ., (2012) “An Exploration of the Relational Effects of Supply Chain Disruptions.”  Transportation Journal . 51 (4), 399-427. Griffis, Stanley E ., Bell, John E., Closs, David J., (2012) “Metaheuristics in Logistics and Supply Chain Management.”  Journal of Business Logistics.  33(2), 90-105. Griffis, Stanley E ., Rao, Shashank, Goldsby, Thomas J., Niranjan, Tarikere T., (2012) “The Customer Consequences of Returns in Online Retailing: An Empirical Analysis.”  Journal of Operations Management . 30 (4), 282-294. 2011 Rao, Shashank, Griffis, Stanley E., Goldsby, Thomas J. (2011) “Failure to Deliver?  Linking Online Order Fulfillment Glitches with Future Purchase Behavior.”  Journal of Operations Management . 29 (7-8), pp 693-703. Rao, Shashank, Goldsby, Thomas J., Griffis, Stanley E., Iyengar, Deepak (2011) “Electronic Logistics Service Quality (e-LSQ):  Its Impact on the Customer’s Purchase Satisfaction and Retention.”  Journal of Business Logistics . 32 (2), pp. 167-179. Payne, G. Tyge, Moore, Curt B.,  Griffis, Stanley E ., Autry, Chad W. (2011) “Multilevel Challenges and Opportunities in Social Capital Research.”  Journal of Management . 37 (2), 491-520. Wilcox, William, Horvath, Philip A.,  Griffis, Stanley E. , Autry, Chad W. (2011) “A Markov Model of Liquidity Effects in Reverse Logistics Processes: The Effects of Random Volume and Passage.”  International Journal of Production Economics . 129 (1), 86-101. Bell, John E.,  Griffis, Stanley E . Cunningham, William J., Eberlan, Jon (2011) “Location Optimization of Strategic Alert Sites for Homeland Defense.”  Omega, The International Journal of Management Science.  39 (2), 151-158. 2010 Bell, John E and  Stanley E. Griffis  (2010), “Swarm Intelligence: Application of the Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm to Logistics-Oriented Vehicle Routing Problems.”  Journal of Business Logistics.  31 (2), 157-175. 2008 Autry, Chad W.,  Stanley E. Griffis  (2008), “Supply Chain Capital: The Impact of Structural and Relational Linkages on Firm Execution and Innovation.”  Journal of Business Logistics.  29 (1), 157-173. 2007 Griffis, Stanley E ., Thomas J. Goldsby, Martha C. Cooper, and David J. Closs (2007), “Aligning Logistics Performance Measures to the Information Needs of the Firm.”  Journal of Business Logistics.  28 (2), 35-56. 2006 Goldsby, Thomas J.,  Stanley E. Griffis  and Anthony S. Roath (2006), “Modeling Lean, Agile, and Leagile Supply Chain Strategies.”  Journal of Business Logistics.  27 (1), 57-80.  Winner – The Bernard J. LaLonde Award for Best Paper in JBL 2006. 2005 Autry, Chad W., and  Stanley E. Griffis  (2005), “A Social Anthropology of Logistics Research: Exploring Productivity and Collaboration in an Emerging Science.”  Transportation Journal.  44 (4), 27-43. Autry, Chad W.,  Stanley E. Griffis , Thomas J. Goldsby, L. Michelle Bobbitt (2005), “Warehouse Management Systems: An Initial Assessment, Empirical Analysis and Research Agenda.”  Journal of Business Logistics.  26 (2), 165-183. 2004 Griffis, Stanley , Martha C. Cooper, Thomas J. Goldsby and David J. Closs (2004), “Performance Measurement: Measure Selection Based Upon Firm Goals and Information Reporting Needs.”  Journal of Business Logistics.  25 (2), 95-118. 2003 Griffis, Stanley E ., Thomas J. Goldsby, and Martha C. Cooper (2003), “Web-Based and Mail Surveys: A Comparison of Response, Data and Cost.”  Journal of Business Logistics.  24 (2), 237-258.

Stanley Lim

2022 Lim, S.F.W.T., Richards, T.J., Rabinovich, E. and Choi, M. 2022. Scan based trading and bargaining equilibrium: A structural estimation of supply chain profit. Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, forthcoming. 2021 Lim, S.F.W.T., Gao, F. and Tan, T.F. 2021. Slow and steady, or fast and furious? An empirical study about omnichannel demand sensitivity to fulfillment lead time. Management Science (Major revision). Lim, S.F.W.T., Rabinovich, E., Lee, S. and Park, S. 2021. Estimating stockout costs and optimal stockout rates to improve the management of ugly produce inventory. Management Science (Major revision). Lim, S.F.W.T., Rabinovich, E., Park, S. and Hwang, M. 2021. Shopping activity at warehouse club stores and its competitive and network density implications. Production and Operations Management, 30(1): 28-46. 2019 Lim, S.F.W.T. and Winkenbach, M. 2019. Configuring the last-mile in business-to-consumer e-retailing. California Management Review, 61(2): 132-154.

Jason W. Miller

2017 Miller, J. W . 2017. “Discrete Time Hazard Modeling of Large Motor Carriers’ Longitudinal CSA Performance.” Transportation Journal . Forthcoming. Miller, J. W . 2017. “A Multivariate Time Series Analysis of Motor Carrier Safety Behaviors.”  Journal of Business Logistics. Miller, J. W.  & Saldanha, J. P. 2017. “Do New Entrants Become Safer over Time?”  Transportation Journal. Miller, J. W ., Saldanha, J. P., Rungtusanatham, M., & Knemeyer, A. M. 2017. “How Does Driver Turnover Affect Motor Carrier Safety Performance and What Can Managers Do About It?”  Journal of Business Logistics. Miller, J. W ., Golicic, S., & Fugate, B. 2017. “Developing and Testing a Dynamic Theory of Motor Carrier Safety?”  Journal of Business Logistics.  In Press. Davis-Sramek, B., Fugate, B. S,  Miller, J. W , Germain, R., Izyumov, A., & Krotov, K. 2017. “Understanding the Present by Examining the Past: Imprinting Effects on Supply Chain Outsourcing in a Transition Economy.”  Journal of Supply Chain Management.  53(1): 65–86. 2016 Miller, J. W ., Fugate, B., & Golicic, S. 2016. “How Organizations Respond to Information Disclosure: Testing Alternative Longitudinal Performance Trajectories.” Academy of Management Journal . In Press. Miller, J. W ., & Saldanha, J. P. 2016. “A New Look at the Relationship between Financial Performance and Safety: A Longitudinal Growth Perspective.” Journal of Business Logistics 37(3): 284–306. Schwieterman, M. A.,  Miller, J. W . 2016. “Factor Market Rivalry: Towards an Integrated Understanding of Firm Action.” Transportation Journal . 55(2): 97–123. 2015 Mellat-Parast, M., Golmohammadi, D., McFadden, K.,  Miller, J. W . 2015. “Linking Business Strategy to Service Failures and Financial Performance: Empirical Evidence from the U.S. Domestic Airline Industry.” Journal of Operations Management . 38(1): 14–24. Stromeyer, W. R.,  Miller, J. W ., Murthy, R., & DeMartino, R. 2015. “The Prowess and Pitfalls of Bayesian Structural Equation Modeling: Important Considerations for Management Research.” Journal of Management . 41(2): 491–520. 2014 Rungtusanatham, M.,  Miller, J. W ., & Boyer, K. K. 2014. “Theorizing, Testing and Concluding for Mediation in SCM Research: What to Do, What Not to Do.”  Journal of Operations Management.  32(3): 99–113. Saldanha, J. P.,  Miller, J. W ., Hunt, C. S. & Mello, J. E. 2014. “Linking Formal Controls to Motor Carrier Performance: Curvilinear and Interaction Effects.”  Transportation Research Part E . 64(1): 28–47. Fawcett, S. E., Waller, M. A.,  Miller, J. W ., Schwieterman, M. A., Hazen, B. T., & Overstreet, R. E. 2014. “Editorial: A Trail Guide to Publishing Success: Tips on Writing Influential Conceptual, Qualitative and Survey Research.”  Journal of Business Logistics . 35(1): 1–16. 2013 Miller, J. W ., Saldanha, J. P., Hunt, S., & Mello, J. E. 2013. “Combining Formal Controls to Improve Firm Performance.”  Journal of Business Logistics . 34(4): 301–318.. Miller, J. W ., Stromeyer, W. R., & Schwieterman, M. A. 2013. “Extensions of the Johnson-Neyman Technique to Linear Models with Curvilinear Effects: Derivations and Analytical Tools.”  Multivariate Behavioral Research . 48(2): 267-300. Goldsby, T. J., Knemeyer, A. M.,  Miller, J. W ., & Wallenburg, C. M. 2013. “Measurement and Moderation: Finding the Boundary Conditions in Logistics and Supply Chain Research.” Journal of Business Logistics . 34(2): 109–116.

Judith M. Whipple

2016 Roh, Joseph, Virpi Turkulainen,  Judith M. Whipple , and Morgan Swink (forthcoming), “Understanding the Organizational Change Process for Supply Chain Management Organizations.”  International Journal of Logistics Management. 2015 Whipple, Judith M ., Robert Wiedmer, and Kenneth K. Boyer (2015), “A Dyadic Investigation of Collaborative Competence, Social Capital and Performance in Buyer-Supplier Relationships.”  Journal of Supply Chain Management.  51(2): 3-21 . 2013 Whipple, Judith M ., Stanley Griffis, and Patricia J. Daugherty (2013), “Conceptualizations of Trust: Can We Trust Them?”  Journal of Business Logistics.  34:2, 117-130. Roh, Joseph, Judith M. Whipple , Kenneth K. Boyer (2013), “The Effect of Single Rater Bias in Multi-Stakeholder Research: A Methodological Evaluation of Buyer-Supplier Relationships.”  Production and Operations Management Journal.  22:3, 711-725 . 2012 Griffis, Stanley and  Judith M. Whipple  (2012), “A Comprehensive Risk Assessment and Evaluation Model: Proposing a Risk Priority Continuum.”  Transportation Journal.  51:4, 428-451 . 2011 Nyaga, Gilbert and  Judith M. Whipple  (2011), “Relationship Quality and Performance Outcomes: Achieving a Competitive Advantage.”  Journal of Business Logistics.  32:4, 345-360. Speier, Cheri,  Judith M. Whipple , David J. Closs and M. Douglas Voss (2011), “Global Supply Chain Design Considerations: Mitigating Product Safety and Security Risks.”  Journal of Operations Management.  29:7-8, 721-736.  Winner, JOM Jack Meredith Best Paper of the Year Award and Stan Hardy Award. Allaway, Arthur W., Patricia Huddleston,  Judith M. Whipple , and Alexander E. Ellinger (2011), “Customer-Based Brand Equity, Equity Drivers and Customer Loyalty in the Supermarket Industry.”  The Journal of Product and Brand Management.  20:3, 190-204. 2010 Whipple, Judith M.  and Joseph Roh (2010), “Quality Fade and Agency Theory in Buyer-Supplier Relationships.”  The International Journal of Logistics Management.  21:3, 338-352. Richey, R. Glenn, Anthony S. Roath,  Judith M. Whipple , and Stanley E. Fawcett (2010), “Exploring a Governance Theory of Supply Chain Management: Barriers and Facilitators to Integration.”  Journal of Business Logistics.  31:1, 237-256 .  Bernard J. La Londe Best Paper Award in the Journal – 2010. Nyaga, Gilbert N., Judith M. Whipple , and Daniel F. Lynch (2010), “Examining Supply Chain Relationships: Do Buyer and Supplier Perspectives on Collaborative Relationships Differ?”  Journal of Operations Management.  28:2, 101-114.   Finalist, JOM Jack Meredith Best Paper of the Year Award based on 5-year impact. Whipple, Judith M.,  Daniel F. Lynch, and Gilbert N. Nyaga (2010), “A Buyer’s Perspective on Collaborative Versus Transactional Relationships.”  Industrial Marketing Management.  39:3, 507-518 . 2009 Voss, M. Douglas, Judith M. Whipple , and David J. Closs (2009), “The Role of Strategic Security: Internal and External Security Measures with Security Performance Implications.”  Transportation Journal.  48:2, 5-23 . Whipple, Judith M., M. Douglas Voss, and David J. Closs (2009), “Supply Chain Security Practices in the Food Industry: Do Firms Operating Domestically and Globally Differ?”  International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management.  39:7, 574-594. Huddleston, Patricia,  Judith M. Whipple , Rachel Nye Mattick, and So Jung Lee (2009), “Customer Satisfaction in Food Retailing: Comparing Specialty and Conventional Grocery Stores.”  International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management.  37:1, 63-80. 2007 Jones, Kraig, Kellie Curry Raper,  Judith M. Whipple , Diane Mollenkopf, and H. Christopher Peterson (2007), “Commodity-Procurement Strategies of Food Companies: A Case Study.”  Journal of Food Distribution Research.  XXXVIII:3, 37-53 . Whipple, Judith M.  and Dawn Russell (2007) “Building Supply Chain Collaboration: A Typology of Collaborative Relationship Strategies.”  The International Journal of Logistics Management.  18:2, 174-196. 2004 Sabath, Robert and  Judith M. Whipple  (2004), “Using the Customer/Product Action Matrix.”  Journal of Business Logistics.  25:2, 1-19.   Bernard J. La Londe Best Paper Award in the Journal – 2005. Huddleston, Patricia,  Judith Whipple , and Amy VanAuken (2004), “Food Store Loyalty: Application of a Consumer Loyalty Framework.”  Journal of Targeting, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing.  12:3, 213-230. 2002 Whipple, Judith M ., Robert Frankel, and Patricia J. Daugherty (2002), “Information Support for Alliances: Performance Implications.”  Journal of Business Logistics.  23:2, 67-82. Frankel, Robert, Thomas J. Goldsby, and  Judith M. Whipple  (2002), “Grocery Industry Collaboration in the Wake of ECR.”  International Journal of Logistics Management.  13:1, 57-72.  Accenture Award for Best Paper in the Journal – 2002. Anselmi, Kenneth, Robert Frankel, and  Judith Schmitz Whipple  (2002), “Performance in Product Versus Service Supplier Relationships.”  Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing.  9:1, 27-43. 2000 Whipple, Judith M.  and Robert Frankel (2000), “Strategic Alliance Success Factors: Do Both Parties Agree?”  The Journal of Supply Chain Management.  36:3 (Summer), 21-28 . Whipple, Judith Schmitz  and Julie J. Gentry (2000), “A Network Comparison of Alliance Motives and Achievements.”  Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing.  15:4/5, 301-322.

Supply Chain @ Broad

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Plymouth Business School

Phd international logistics, supply chain and shipping management.

Exploring the major challenges in today’s shipping, logistics, operations and knowledge management, MPhil/PhD International Logistics, Supply Chain and Shipping Management will provide you with inspiring opportunities to undertake top level research. Supervised by scholars renowned in their fields, you’ll explore current issues arising from the latest developments in research and industry practice, enriching the literature on your chosen topics.

Course details

Programme overview.

• This full time or part time doctoral programme is suitable for people who have a particular research question or topic in mind, and wish to explore this through independent study in order to produce an original contribution to the subject. If you aspire to a research career this is the most appropriate research degree to undertake.You will be guided by a small supervisory team of academic experts under the direction of a Director of Studies.  You will be expected to fully engage with skills development and training and to present your research in a range of scholarly contexts. Your PhD will be assessed via submission of a written thesis (up to 80,000 words) and a viva voce (an oral examination). For full details of what doing a PhD entails at the University of Plymouth, please visit our postgraduate research degrees page.  

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The Doctoral College is able to answer any questions you may have about applying for or undertaking a postgraduate research degree at the University of Plymouth: [email protected] or +44 1752 587640 .

Nasir tells us about his research as well as his experience as an international student

Research groups

Expertise in supply chain management (SCM) and logistics

Professor Shaofeng Liu

Dr Stephen Childe

Associate professor in business management & operations.

Dr Carl Evans

Lecturer in operations, logistics and strategic management.

Dr Huilan Chen

Lecturer in business strategy and operations.

Dr Charles Thornton

Lecturer in service operations management and business strategy (education).

Dr Chiwuokem Nwoko

Lecturer in strategy and operations.

Dr Minchul Sohn

Lecturer in operations and supply chain management.

Dr Jonas Aryee

Lecturer in management and maritime business.

Dr Jonathan Lean

Associate professor (senior lecturer) in strategic management.

Dr Jonathan Moizer

Associate professor (senior lecturer) in business operations & strategy.

Dr Atul Mishra

Lecturer in strategic management (education).

Dr David Owen

Associate professor in business management & operations (education), expertise in international shipping.

Dr Lijun Tang

Lecturer in international shipping and port management.

Dr Stavros Karamperidis

Lecturer in maritime economics.

Dr Saeyeon Roh

Lecturer in international logistics.

Dr Sarah Tuck

Lecturer in maritime business.

Dr Lise Hunter

Lecturer in operations & supply chain management.

Dr Shunmugham Pandian

Lecturer in international supply chain management (education).

Dr David Adkins

Deputy head of school.

Dr Mark Bennett

Lecturer in international procurement and supply chain management, funding for postgraduate research students.

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Ph.D. in Supply Chain Management

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• The University of Oklahoma

• BBA in Healthcare Business
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• Online MS in Supply Chain Management
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PhD in Supply Chain Management

Program description.

At the University of Oklahoma, the substantive emphasis of the doctoral program in Supply Chain Management focuses on nurturing and shaping independent scholars in supply chain management.  The doctoral program places a high emphasis on formal and informal mentoring of students. Faculty. work closely with PhD students training them to become great scholars, educators, and colleagues. Our faculty is renowned within the field of supply chain management and have extensively published their research in top academic supply chain journals. They also are active in industry research with several years of field experience in top global companies around the world.

All domains within supply chain management including procurement, operations and logistics are emphasized.

The University of Oklahoma doctoral program will help you develop an in-depth knowledge of supply chain management topics. Since research in supply chain management takes place at the intersection of many underlying “foundation” disciplines, you will be encouraged to also study concepts and principles in organizational theory, industrial engineering, psychology, health sciences, and economics.  For the methods training, students are encouraged to upskill not only in advanced statistical techniques but also in econometrics, panel data analyses, structural equation modeling, meta-analysis and systems dynamics (to name a few). Rigorous and scientific method based qualitative techniques such as ethnographic studies, case study research, design science and action research are also encouraged.  Our doctoral program provides you with the necessary skills for a successful career of research and teaching in top notch research-oriented universities.

The program’s objectives are:

• to provide a strong foundation in supply chain management concepts for research and teaching
• to prepare students for academic careers in supply chain management

The doctoral program in Supply Chain Management focuses on competence in strategic aspects of supply chain management, supply chain management theory, and behavioral concepts in supply chain management. Students receive rigorous training in many research methodologies that are important to conduct rigorous supply chain management research. Most doctoral candidates are appointed to a research assistantship early in their program to encourage interaction with faculty members.  In addition, many summer research and research related-travel opportunities are provided for students. It is expected that Oklahoma supply chain management specialization doctoral students be intimately involved in activities that prepare them for their careers as academics such as PhD program consortiums in key supply chain management conferences, presenting papers at reputed national and international conferences and working with faculty and industry partners to attract research grants that will enable students to pursue and conduct cutting edge research in supply chain management.

For more information contact Professor Qiong Wang at   [email protected]

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Faculty of Social Sciences, Economics, and Business Administration

• Chair of Supply Chain Management
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• Social Sciences, Economics and Business Administration
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The following PhD theses relevant to our research topics have been completed at the chair and the associated Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS:

Naumann, V.: Smarte Produkt-Service Systeme: Eine transformations- und kostenorientierte Untersuchung, in Pflaum A.: Schriftenreihe Supply Chain Management und Digitalisierung, Band 1, Fraunhofer Verlag, 2022

Seit vielen Jahren wird insbesondere im industriellen Umfeld eine zunehemnde Serviceorientierung von Unternehmen beobachtet. Gleichzeitig ziehen die Digitalisierung un ddas Internet der Dinge (IoT) immer stärker in alle Bereiche von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft ein. In der fusionierten Betrachtung dieser Trends sind smarte Produkt-Service Systeme ein strategisches Vehikel für Unternehmen. Die Arbeit analysiert und strukturiert den Stand der Forschung zu Produkt-Service Systemen und smarten Produkt-Service Systemen. Dabei erörtert sie wesentliche Begriffsverständnisse und Konzepte. Auf Basis einer empirischen Studie im Maschinen- und Anlagenbau forumuliet die Arbeit sozio-technischen Transformationsrahmen und identifiziert Bedingungen für Anbieter smarter ergebnisorientierter Produkt-Service Systeme. Zudem wird ein gestaltungsorientiert entwckeltes Leenszyklusmodell für IoT-bezogene Kosten smarter Produkt-Service Systeme präsentiert. Eine Darlegung konkreter imperative für Wissenschaft und Praxis runden die Arbeit ab.

Menden, C.: Handling Data Problems in Machine Learning Applications in Supply Chain Management, in Pflaum, A.: Schriftenreihe Logistik und Informationstechnologien, Band 10, Fraunhofer Verlag, 2022

In recent years, considerable progress has been made in research on artificial intelligence, particularly in the sub-area of machine learning (ML) where information is extracted from huge data sets. In practice, however, the existing data is often dirty, erroneous, not available in sufficient quantity, or does not meet the requirements for a direct application of ML methods. Against this background, data augmentation (DA) methods can be used to improve the data quality with the aim of enabling an initial application of ML methods or improving the results of existing ML methods. Today, there is a wide ran of different DA methods which makes it oftentimes difficult to select an appropriate DA method for a particular application. Further, it remains unclear what the potential benefits and possible obstacls are to using DA for ML methods in practice. In this regard, this dissertation aims to contribute to a better understanding of DA and to demonstrate, by means of a multiple-case study, how DA can improve the performance and applicability of ML methods in the context of supply chain management.

Schulz, E.: Erfolgreiche Entwicklung datengetriebener Geschäftsmodelle am Beispiel der produzierenden Industrie, in Pflaum, A.: Schriftenreihe Logistik und Informationstechnologien, Band 9, Fraunhofer Verlag, 2021

Da mit der Zunahme digitaler Technologien eine Vielzahl an Daten generiert wird, sehen Unternehmen neue Geschäftsmöglichkeiten. Insbesondere produzierende Unternehmen gehen von einem großen Umsatzpotential durch datengetriebene Geschäftsmodelle aus. Jedoch scheiert zurzeit ein roßteil de Versuche, neue datengetriebene Geschäftsmodelleerfolgreich zu entwickeln. Zudem geht aus der wissenschaftlichen Literatur hervor, dass die Umsetzung erfolgreicher datengetriebener Geschäftsmodelle bislang wenig untersucht wurde. Aus diesen Gründe entwickelte und evaluierte die Autorin auf Basis von  Experteninterviews und einer multiplen Fallstudie mit vier erfolgreichen produzierenden Unternehmen ein Rahmenmodell. Dieses beinhaltet 18 Erfolgsfaktoren mit unterschiedlichen Ausprägungen sowie ein Erfolgskonstrukt mit zahlreichen Dimensionen und Unterdimensionen. Je nach Ausgangslage des Unternehmens eignen sich jeweils bestimmte Ausprägungen bzw. Dimensionen. Dies verdeutlicht die Vielfältigkeit und Komplexität bei der Entwicklung. Die Dissertation sclhießt neben identifizierten Forschungsfragen mit Handlungsempfehlungen für das Management derjenigen Unternehmen, die die Entwicklung datengetriebener Geschäftsmodelle planen, aktuell betreiben oder bereits durchgeführt haben.

Harispuru, L.: Datengetriebene Effizienzuntersuchung im Transport - Eine qualitativ-quantitative Ursache-Wirkungsanalyse, in Pflaum, A.: Schriftenreihe Logistik und Informationstechnologien, Band 8, Fraunhofer Verlag, 2021

Der zunehmende Mangel an Fahrer*innen sowie der Preisdruck im Logistikdienstleistungsmarkt erfordern eine gesteigerte Effizienz der Prozesse. Dies betrifft vorgelagerte unternehmensinterne Logistikprozesse der Disposition und des Umschlags an den nachgelagerten Transportprozess. Hierzu bieten datengetriebene Methoden große Chancen zur Verbesserung der Prozesse und des Einsatzes der Ressource Fahrer*in. Die wissenschaftliche Literatur benennt den Bedarf nach Ursachen-Wirkungsanalysen im Transport auf den Effizienzfaktor Zeit. Diese Lücke greift die Autorin auf nd entwickelt ein Wirkungsgerüst aus Einflussfaktoren auf die Transporteffizienz. Dabei zeigt sich die Bedeutung der sich häufenden Zeitverzögerungen vorgelagerter Prozesse auf den Transport und deren Einfluss auf die Transporteffizienz. Die Ursache-Wirkungsbeziehungen werden in ein quantitatives Modellin der Form eines Bayes'schen Netzes überführt und überprüft. Das datengetriebene Vorgehen ermöglicht es, die Effizienz zu analysieren. Des Weiteren werden für Praktiker*innen relevante Handlungsempfehlungen abgeleitet, deren Umsetzung zu einer Steigerung der Effizienz von Transportprozessen führt.

Schwemmer, M.: Neue Logistik – Der Erfolg neuer Logistikunternehmen, in Pflaum, A.: Schriftenreihe Logistik und Informationstechnologien, Band 7, Fraunhofer Verlag, 2021

Mit geringen Gewinnmargen, einer hohen Insolvenzquote und stark auf Geschäftskunden ausgerichteten Leistungen erweist sich die Logistik als spezielles Marktumfeld, das schwierig zu erschließen scheint. Dennoch sind die Potenziale für digitalisierte Lösungsansätze von Start-ups in der Logistik als hoch einzuschätzen. Der Markt für logistische Leistungen ist zudem sehr groß und die Investitionssumme, die in Start-ups in diesem Marktumfeld fließt, nahm in den zurückliegenden Jahren laufend zu. Damit scheint die Zeit der Logistik-Start-ups gekommen zu sein und eine Anzahl von geschätzt 350 dieser neuen Logistikunternehmen widmen sich im deutschsprachigen Raum Logistikfragestellungen. Damit werden sie zu einer Riege der »Neuen Logistik«, um die es in diesem Buch geht. Doch wer sind diese neuen Logistikunternehmen? Wie werden sie erfolgreich? Was sind relevante Erfolgsaspekte? Was ist überhaupt Erfolg? Diese und weitere Fragen stehen im Mittelpunkt der Studie, die neben der wissenschaftlichen Community insbesondere auch Praktiker (Investoren, Gründer, Berater) und sonstige Interessenten anspricht.

Lempert, S.: IoT-Software-Plattformen. Methode zur Bewertung und Auswahl der am besten geeigneten Plattform. Wiesbaden: Springer Gabler. Online verfügbar unter: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35127-4

Mit der zunehmenden Verbreitung und Bedeutung des Internet der Dinge (engl.: Internet of Things, IoT) nimmt auch die Bedeutung von IoT-Software-Plattformen als zentraler Bestandteil von IoT-Systemen zu. Derzeit konkurrieren in einem wachsenden Markt über 450 Anbieter derartiger Plattformen miteinander. Da IoT-Software-Plattformen komplexe Lösungen darstellen, welche sich sowohl in funktionaler als auch in nicht-funktionaler Hinsicht deutlich voneinander unterscheiden, führt diese Vielfalt zu einem intransparenten Markt. Trotz dieser Vielfalt existiert keine IoT-Software-Plattform, die für beliebige IoT-Anwendungsszenarien gleichermaßen geeignet ist. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird in diesem Buch eine Methode vorgestellt, welche Unternehmen bei der schwierigen Aufgabe unterstützt, die für den eigenen unternehmensspezifischen IoT-Anwendungsfall am besten geeignete IoT-Software-Plattform aus einer Vielzahl von Kandidaten auszuwählen. Dabei fließen in die Bewertung neben der Funktionalität und der Standardunterstützung einer IoT-Software-Plattform auch weitere, nicht-funktionale Eigenschaften (Kosten, Geschäftsmodell, Software-Lizenz, verfügbare Support-Dienstleistungen, Anbieter etc.) ein.

Doetzer, M.: Visibility and flexibility in supply chain risk management: Lessons from Germany, Japan and the USA, in Pflaum, A.: Schriftenreihe Logistik und Informationstechnologien, Band 6, Fraunhofer Verlag, 2021

Kurzbeschreibung: This Book sets out to provide an understanding of flexibility and visibility in supply chain risk management beyond national borders. The first part lays down the basic fundament of disruptive dynamics through the analysis of how pre-disruptive risk phases influence post-disruptive risk phases in interconnected risk sources. The second part of this book built on these findings by analyzing the role of information sharing to enhance the shift between pre- and post-disruptive flexibility capabilities, exemplified by various companies in Japan. The third part has taken a wider approach to provide a contribution beyond national borders, by analyzing the influence of dissimilar cultural behavior on supply chain visibility. The aim of this book is to provide guidance and insights in order to overcome disruptions, to become more resilient, and to bridge the gaps between dissimilar cultures to enhance the positive output in business environments, the global economy, and beyond.

Kress, P.: The impact of digital technologies on the value creation of companies in the manufacturing industry, in Pflaum, A.: Schriftenreihe Logistik und Informationstechnologien, Band 5, Fraunhofer Verlag, 2018

Kurzbeschreibung: This research answers following research question: "How do digital technologies impact value creation of companies in the manufacturing industry?" Therefore, the key digital technologies that impact companies in the manufacutring industry have been indentified by a systematic literature review. In the following, a fucus was set on the value creation of companies in the manufacturing industry. A defining feature of the digital transformation is that networks of firms, instead of individual firms, are competing with each other. Thus, the author of this work created a role model with key cooperation partners of companies in the manufacurting industry by application of grounded theory. Platforms that leverage the digital technology Internet-of-Things (IoT), have the potential to profoundly change the manufacturing industry by disrupting established and enabling new business models. Therefore, the value creation in Industrail-Internet-of-Things (IIoT) platform business models was investigated by the creation of a multiple case study of ten IIoT platform offerings. Thereby, the business model consruct has been apllied as structuring frame of the investigation. Value creation sources of business models (Novelty, Lock-in, Complementarities and Efficiency) have been identified for IIoT platforms.

Papert, M.: Entwicklung eines Ökosystemmodells für das Internet der Dinge - Eine ökosystembezogene Architektur zur Implementierung von Internet-der-Dinge-Lösungen, in: Pflaum, A.: Schriftenreihe Logistik und Informationstechnologien, Band 4, Fraunhofer Verlag, 2018

Kurzbeschreibung: Vor dem Hintergrund der zunehmenden Digitalisierung gewinnt die ökosystembezogene Implementierung von Internet-der-Dinge-Lösungen (IoT-Lösungen) immer mehr an Bedeutung. Trotz vielfältiger Veröffentlichungen zum Thema Ökosystem wird die Auseinandersetzung mit der erfolgreichen Implementierung einer IoT-Lösung vernachlässigt. Diese Lücke greift der Autor in seiner Arbeit auf und entwickelt auf Basis von Experteninterviews mit Anwendungsfällen einen Ökosystemmodellrahmen, welcher die Implementierung einer IoT-Lösung unterstützt. Der Rahmen zeigt auf, welche Ökosystemrollen mit ihren jeweiligen Wertschöpfungsbeiträgen direkt und indirekt an einer Lösungsimplementierung beteiligt sind. Des Weiteren werden im Zusammenhang mit der Ökosystemmodellentwicklung Implementierungsempfehlungen für IoT-Lösungen herausgearbeitet. Aufgrund deren exploratorischen Charakters werden diese Empfehlungen in einer empirischen Studie unter IoT-Lösungsintegratoren auf ihre Bedeutung überprüft. Somit schließt die vorliegende Arbeit eine Lücke in der wissenschaftlichen Forschung bzgl. der erfolgreichen Implementierung einer IoT-Lösung und stellt Praktikern ökosystembezogene Handlungsempfehlungen bereit.

Dopslaf, M.: IT-Outsourcing Behavior in the Logistics Sector within the Context of Digitalization - An International Systematic and Comparative Scenario Analysis, in: Pflaum, A.: Schriftenreihe Logistik und Informationstechnologien, Band 3, Fraunhofer Verlag, 2017

Kurzbeschreibung: Being IT-outsourcing an important business trend in the era of digitalization, the topic has received attention from scholars during the last decade. However, the particular phenomenon of IT-outsourcing in the logistics sector, which is also gaining momentum as a business practice, has been much less studied and therefore not present in academic literature. This text provides an interesting an encompassing account on the topic of IT-outsourcing within the context of logistics service providers facing the challenge of digitalization by providing an account of the main drivers and implications of IT-outsourcing in the field of logistics. Based on a conceptual model, an empirical comparative study between the logistics sectors of Germany and Mexico is conducted and further enhanced through information gathered by means of in-depth interviews giving further illumination of the factors influencing IT-outsourcing in both countries.

Preiß, H.: Service Engineering in der Logistik – Die systematische Entwicklung von Automatic Identification and Data Capture (AIDC)-technologiebasierten Mehrwertdienstleistungen, in: Pflaum, A.: Schriftenreihe Logistik und Informationstechnologien, Band 2, Fraunhofer Verlag, 2014

Kurzbeschreibung: Zunehmender Marktdruck und dynamische Umweltbedingungen zwingen Logistikdienstleister ihr Angebotsportfolio zu erweitern. Bisher konnte die wissenschaftliche Literatur allerdings nicht erklären, wie sich diese innovativen, komplexen Mehrwertdienstleistungen systematisch und erfolgreich entwickeln lassen. Diesen "weißen Fleck" greift die Autorin mit der vorliegenden Arbeit auf. Aufbauend auf einem Forschungsansatz nach den Regeln des Design Science Research deckt eine großzahlige Empirie die Ursachen und Wirkungen eines systematischen Vorgehens zur Dienstleistungsentwicklung auf und identifiziert die Logistikbranche als bisher wenig innovativ und strukturiert. Um dem Management im Anschluss eine praxistaugliche Anleitung zum Design von AIDC-technologiebasierten Mehrwertdienstleistungen an die Hand zu geben, leitet die Autorin ein umfassendes Service-Engineering-Werkzeug aus wissenschaftlichen und praktischen Erkenntnissen und Erfahrungen ab: Ein iteratives Vorgehensmodell mit zugehörigem Methodenkatalog und Stage-Gate-Prozess. Dessen Potenziale zeigen sich in zwei Fallstudien, welche als Best Practices für die systematische Dienstleistungsentwicklung im Feld der Logistik dienen können.

Precht, P.: Nutzenprognose der RFID-Technologie – Ein Beitrag zur vorausschauenden Strukturierung, Beschreibung und Bewertung der Nutzenpotenziale von RFID-Anwendungen in der Logistik, in: Pflaum, A.: Schriftenreihe Logistik und Informationstechnologien, Band 1, Fraunhofer Verlag, 2012

Kurzbeschreibung: In der betriebswirtschaftlichen Literatur wird die Nutzenbetrachtung von RFID-Anwendungen in der Logistik weitgehend vernachlässigt. Dieses Manko greift der Autor in seiner Arbeit auf und entwickelt einen erweiterten Nutzenbetrachtungsansatz, mit dessen Hilfe potenzielle Technologieanwender mögliche Nutzenpotenziale vorausschauend strukturieren, beschreiben und bewerten können. Durch die empirische Untersuchung bestätigt sich die These des Autors zum sogenannten "Infrastruktureffekt". Diese besagt, dass im Laufe des operativen Betriebs von RFID-Anwendungen weitere "neue" Nutzenpotenziale identifiziert und umgesetzt werden können. Die Erkenntnisse und entwickelten Handlungsempfehlungen, die aus den Fallstudien resultieren, gewährleisten den Praxisbezug der Forschungsarbeit.

Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod: Statistics

Updated: February 29, 2024

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We've calculated the 65% acceptance rate for Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod based on the ratio of admissions to applications and other circumstantial enrollment data. Treat this information as a rough guide and not as a definitive measure of your chances of admission. Different programs may have significantly varying admissions rates.

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Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod has published 10,100 scientific papers with 65,152 citations received. The research profile covers a range of fields, including Physics, Engineering, Chemistry, Quantum and Particle physics, Biology, Materials Science, Organic Chemistry, Environmental Science, Computer Science, and Optical Engineering.

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