. June 04, 2024.
Edgar Allan Poe, "The Power of Words," The Works of Edgar Allan Poe , Lit2Go Edition, (1903), accessed June 04, 2024, https://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/147/the-works-of-edgar-allan-poe/5227/the-power-of-words/ .
OINOS. Pardon, Agathos, the weakness of a spirit new-fledged with immortality!
AGATHOS. You have spoken nothing, my Oinos, for which pardon is to be demanded. Not even here is knowledge thing of intuition. For wisdom, ask of the angels freely, that it may be given!
OINOS. But in this existence, I dreamed that I should be at once cognizant of all things, and thus at once be happy in being cognizant of all.
AGATHOS. Ah, not in knowledge is happiness, but in the acquisition of knowledge! In for ever knowing, we are for ever blessed; but to know all were the curse of a fiend.
OINOS. But does not The Most High know all?
AGATHOS. That (since he is The Most Happy) must be still the one thing unknown even to Him.
OINOS. But, since we grow hourly in knowledge, must not at last all things be known?
AGATHOS. Look down into the abysmal distances!—attempt to force the gaze down the multitudinous vistas of the stars, as we sweep slowly through them thus—and thus—and thus! Even the spiritual vision, is it not at all points arrested by the continuous golden walls of the universe?—the walls of the myriads of the shining bodies that mere number has appeared to blend into unity?
OINOS. I clearly perceive that the infinity of matter is no dream.
AGATHOS. There are no dreams in Aidenn—but it is here whispered that, of this infinity of matter, the sole purpose is to afford infinite springs, at which the soul may allay the thirst to know, which is for ever unquenchable within it—since to quench it, would be to extinguish the soul's self. Question me then, my Oinos, freely and without fear. Come! we will leave to the left the loud harmony of the Pleiades, and swoop outward from the throne into the starry meadows beyond Orion, where, for pansies and violets, and heart's—ease, are the beds of the triplicate and triple—tinted suns.
OINOS. And now, Agathos, as we proceed, instruct me!—speak to me in the earth's familiar tones. I understand not what you hinted to me, just now, of the modes or of the method of what, during mortality, we were accustomed to call Creation. Do you mean to say that the Creator is not God?
AGATHOS. I mean to say that the Deity does not create.
OINOS. Explain.
AGATHOS. In the beginning only, he created. The seeming creatures which are now, throughout the universe, so perpetually springing into being, can only be considered as the mediate or indirect, not as the direct or immediate results of the Divine creative power.
OINOS. Among men, my Agathos, this idea would be considered heretical in the extreme.
AGATHOS. Among angels, my Oinos, it is seen to be simply true.
OINOS. I can comprehend you thus far—that certain operations of what we term Nature, or the natural laws, will, under certain conditions, give rise to that which has all the appearance of creation. Shortly before the final overthrow of the earth, there were, I well remember, many very successful experiments in what some philosophers were weak enough to denominate the creation of animalculae.
AGATHOS. The cases of which you speak were, in fact, instances of the secondary creation—and of the only species of creation which has ever been, since the first word spoke into existence the first law.
OINOS. Are not the starry worlds that, from the abyss of nonentity, burst hourly forth into the heavens—are not these stars, Agathos, the immediate handiwork of the King?
AGATHOS. Let me endeavor, my Oinos, to lead you, step by step, to the conception I intend. You are well aware that, as no thought can perish, so no act is without infinite result. We moved our hands, for example, when we were dwellers on the earth, and, in so doing, gave vibration to the atmosphere which engirdled it. This vibration was indefinitely extended, till it gave impulse to every particle of the earth's air, which thenceforward, and for ever, was actuated by the one movement of the hand. This fact the mathematicians of our globe well knew. They made the special effects, indeed, wrought in the fluid by special impulses, the subject of exact calculation—so that it became easy to determine in what precise period an impulse of given extent would engirdle the orb, and impress (for ever) every atom of the atmosphere circumambient. Retrograding, they found no difficulty, from a given effect, under given conditions, in determining the value of the original impulse. Now the mathematicians who saw that the results of any given impulse were absolutely endless—and who saw that a portion of these results were accurately traceable through the agency of algebraic analysis—who saw, too, the facility of the retrogradation—these men saw, at the same time, that this species of analysis itself, had within itself a capacity for indefinite progress—that there were no bounds conceivable to its advancement and applicability, except within the intellect of him who advanced or applied it. But at this point our mathematicians paused.
OINOS. And why, Agathos, should they have proceeded?
AGATHOS. Because there were some considerations of deep interest beyond. It was deducible from what they knew, that to a being of infinite understanding—one to whom the perfection of the algebraic analysis lay unfolded—there could be no difficulty in tracing every impulse given the air—and the ether through the air—to the remotest consequences at any even infinitely remote epoch of time. It is indeed demonstrable that every such impulse given the air, must, in the end, impress every individual thing that exists within the universe;—and the being of infinite understanding—the being whom we have imagined—might trace the remote undulations of the impulse—trace them upward and onward in their influences upon all particles of an matter—upward and onward for ever in their modifications of old forms—or, in other words, in their creation of new—until he found them reflected—unimpressive at last—back from the throne of the Godhead. And not only could such a thing do this, but at any epoch, should a given result be afforded him—should one of these numberless comets, for example, be presented to his inspection—he could have no difficulty in determining, by the analytic retrogradation, to what original impulse it was due. This power of retrogradation in its absolute fulness and perfection—this faculty of referring at all epochs, all effects to all causes—is of course the prerogative of the Deity alone—but in every variety of degree, short of the absolute perfection, is the power itself exercised by the whole host of the Angelic intelligences.
OINOS. But you speak merely of impulses upon the air.
AGATHOS. In speaking of the air, I referred only to the earth; but the general proposition has reference to impulses upon the ether—which, since it pervades, and alone pervades all space, is thus the great medium of creation.
OINOS. Then all motion, of whatever nature, creates?
AGATHOS. It must: but a true philosophy has long taught that the source of all motion is thought—and the source of all thought is—
OINOS. God.
AGATHOS. I have spoken to you, Oinos, as to a child of the fair Earth which lately perished—of impulses upon the atmosphere of the Earth.
OINOS. You did.
AGATHOS. And while I thus spoke, did there not cross your mind some thought of the physical power of words? Is not every word an impulse on the air?
OINOS. But why, Agathos, do you weep—and why, oh why do your wings droop as we hover above this fair star—which is the greenest and yet most terrible of all we have encountered in our flight? Its brilliant flowers look like a fairy dream—but its fierce volcanoes like the passions of a turbulent heart.
AGATHOS. They are!—they are! This wild star—it is now three centuries since, with clasped hands, and with streaming eyes, at the feet of my beloved—I spoke it—with a few passionate sentences—into birth. Its brilliant flowers are the dearest of all unfulfilled dreams, and its raging volcanoes are the passions of the most turbulent and unhallowed of hearts.
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Home — Essay Samples — Literature — Book Report — The Book Thief by Markus Zusak: the Power of Words
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How language connects, differentiates, and enlightens us
Four new books investigate how language connects, differentiates, and enlightens us. Viorica Marian’s The Power of Language explores the benefits of multilingualism. People who are multilingual perform better on executive-functioning tasks, for instance, and draw more novel connections.
In A Myriad of Tongues, author Caleb Everett notes that more than 7,000 languages exist today. And while academics traditionally looked for commonalities among languages, recent research has focused on how languages diverge, and what those differences can teach us.
A third book, Magic Words, by Wharton professor Jonah Berger, examines how specific words can carry an oversize impact, making them more likely to change hearts and minds or drive change.
By contrast, Dan Lyons’s STFU reminds readers that sometimes saying nothing is the best approach. “All of us,” he writes, “stand to gain by speaking less, listening more, and communicating with intention.” His book offers advice on how to do that, whether online, at work, or at home.
About a year ago, a friend suggested that I enroll in an adult tap-dance class held at our town’s community center. The suggestion wasn’t as random as it might seem. For nearly two decades in my youth, I had loved tapping in classes and onstage. And when I laced up those black leather shoes after a nearly 20-year hiatus, I felt instantly at home.
Print or web publication, king, kennedy, and the power of words.
How candor and poetry can change the course of history
The night of April 4, 1968, presidential candidate Robert Kennedy received the news that Martin Luther King Jr. had been assassinated. Kennedy was about to speak in Indianapolis and some in his campaign wondered if they should go ahead with the rally.
Moments before Kennedy climbed onto a flatbed truck to address the crowd, which had gathered in a light rain, press secretary Frank Mankiewicz gave the candidate a sheet a paper with ideas of what he might say. Kennedy slid it into his pocket without looking at it. Another aide approached with more notes and the candidate waved him away.
“Do they know about Martin Luther King?” Kennedy asked those gathered on the platform. No, came the reply.
After asking the crowd to lower its campaign signs, Kennedy told his audience that King had been shot and killed earlier in Memphis. Gasps went up from the crowd and for a moment everything seemed ready to come apart. Indianapolis might have joined other cities across America that burned on that awful night.
But then Kennedy, beginning in a trembling, halting voice, slowly brought the people back around and somehow held them together. Listening to the speech decades later is to be reminded of the real power of words. How they can heal, how they can still bring us together, but only if they are spoken with conviction and from the heart.
Compare what we often hear from politicians today to what Kennedy said on that tragic night in Indianapolis. He told the crowd how he “had a member of my family killed”—a reference to his brother John, who had been assassinated less than five years before.
Later on, Kennedy recited a poem by Aeschylus, which he had memorized long before that trying night in Indianapolis:
Even in our sleep, pain which cannot forget Falls drop by drop upon the heart, Until, in our own despair, against our will, Comes wisdom through the awful grace of God.
Kennedy’s heartfelt speech came only hours after King’s last address. The night before, the civil rights leader had reluctantly taken to the dais at the Mason Temple in Memphis . The weather that evening had been miserable—thunderstorms and tornado warnings. As a result, King arrived late and was just going to say a few words and then tell everyone to please go home.
Visibly tired and with no notes in hand, King stumbled at first. The shutters hitting against the temple walls sounded like gun shots to him. So much so that King’s friend, the Rev. Billy Kyles, found a custodian to stop the noise. Only then, at the crowd’s urging, did the words begin to come together for King.
“We’ve got some difficult days ahead,” he said that night. “But it really doesn’t matter with me now. Because I’ve been to the mountaintop.”
King closed by telling the crowd, “… we as a people will get to the Promised Land. So I’m happy tonight. I’m not worried about anything. I’m not fearing any man. …”
Novelist Charles Baxter contends that the greatest influence on American writing and discourse in recent memory can be traced back to the phrase “Mistakes were made.” Of course, that’s from Watergate and the shadowy intrigue inside the Nixon White House. In his essay, “Burning Down the House,” Baxter compares that “quasi-confessional passive-voice-mode sentence” to what Robert E. Lee said after the battle of Gettysburg and the disastrous decision of Pickett’s Charge.
“All of this has been my fault,” the Confederate general said. “I asked more of the men than should have been asked of them.”
In Lee’s words, and those of King and Kennedy, we hear a refreshing candor and directness that we miss today. In 1968, people responded to what King and Kennedy told them. During that tumultuous 24-hour period in 1968, people cried aloud and chanted in Memphis. Words struck a chord in Indianapolis, too, and decades later former mayor (and now U.S. Senator) Richard Lugar told writer Thurston Clarke that Kennedy’s speech was “a turning point” for his city.
After King’s assassination, riots broke out in more than 100 U.S. cities—the worst destruction since the Civil War . But neither Memphis nor Indianapolis experienced that kind of damage. To this day, many believe that was due to the words spoken when so many were listening.
Tim Wendel is the author most recently of Summer of ’68: The Season That Changed Baseball, and America, Forever.
● NEWSLETTER
You’ve experienced the power of words in a way you will never forget. Even now, the memory lingers.
How could a few small words have such a big impact on your life?
Words have power . And only when you experienced that power yourself — either as the giver or as the receiver — did you begin to understand it.
You can use the power of words to heal or comfort others. Or you can use it to tear them down. Your character shapes and is shaped by the way you use this power.
So, how can you make the most of it?
Examples of the power of written words, why are words so powerful for humans, 1. speak the truth., 2. avoid exaggerations., 3. don’t use double standards., 4. don’t use your words to manipulate others., 5. be consistent in what you say., 6. speak mindfully., 7. use words to benefit others..
When was the last time you heard spoken words that changed your perspective on something or someone? Maybe the words felt like a sucker punch.
Or maybe they lit you up inside and inspired you to make a change.
Consider the following examples of spoken words:
Now, see if you can recall any memories of negative words for each of these samples.
Are there songs you find difficult to listen to because of the negative lyrics? Or have you been avoiding someone because of a recent negative outburst?
Maybe you’re thinking of negative words you’ve never heard but that felt, in your mind, as though they’d been spoken aloud – and directly to you.
Guess what’s next.
Written words also have power — for the one who writes them and for those who read them.
You’ve felt this power. And maybe you’ve wielded it yourself.
Maybe you even consider it your superpower. You’re not wrong to call it that.
Consider the following examples:
Never underestimate the power of a thoughtful note — or a love poem — or a compelling story.
The right words draw you in and build connections. The wrong words destroy relationships or prevent them from ever being built.
This is why marketers pay well for effective copywriting .
If your words can connect with your target audience and persuade them that paying for a particular product or service will change their life for the better, you most definitely have a superpower.
Use it for good.
Humans are the only species on this planet that has the power of speech and of the written word (as far as we know).
But in spite of the creative potential this power gives us, we spend more time exploring its destructive potential.
And we sabotage our own health and happiness when we do.
According to functional MRI scans (fMRI ), just looking at a list of negative words (including the word “NO”) worsens anxiety and depression.
And dwelling on those words can actually damage key structures in the brain — including those responsible for memory, feelings, and emotions.
Vocalizing that negativity releases more stress hormones, not only in you but in those who hear you.
Even silent worrying (about money, relationships, work, etc.) stimulates the release of neurochemicals that make you and those around you feel worse.
Empaths are particularly sensitive to this, but everyone around you is affected to some degree. And you as the ruminator suffer the most.
So, how can you turn things around?
“Words have the power to both destroy and heal. When words are both true and kind, they can change our world.” — Gautama Buddha
Trust is built on honesty; people want to know they can depend on you to tell them the truth, even when it hurts to hear it (and even if it makes you look bad).
There are times when lying can save a life. But in most cases, with relationships, a reputation for lying will rob you of your power to connect with them.
Without truth behind them, your words lose their meaning and become empty noise.
Saying “You never….” or “You always…” to berate others ensures that your negative message about them (which is personal) will eclipse whatever message you’re trying to send.
Very few people are consistent enough to “always” leave the toilet seat up or to “never” take out the garbage. And they know that.
So, if you accuse them of a perfect record of thoughtlessness, their own disagreement with your memory will make it difficult to pick up on the underlying request.
Double standards are when you have different rules or different expectations of two or more different people of equal ability in the same situation.
For example, if your employer, Biff, tells one employee, Jack, that all he needs to do is X and Y but then he tells Sally she’ll have to X, Y, and Z — and in less time — to receive the same reward (or 79% of it), he’s using the power of words (and money) to impose a double standard.
And once he does and word gets around, Biff’s own words will create an atmosphere of injustice.
No one wants to work for an employer who devalues and exploits others.
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Marketing isn’t about using words to pressure or manipulate people into spending their money on whatever you’re selling.
Neither is it about competing with other marketers to see who can use their words more effectively to make customers feel things.
If the only reason you’re trying to build a connection is to get something from the other person, they’ll pick up on that.
And even if you do persuade them to buy something, it’ll leave skid marks in their memory.
They’ll remember you as someone who used the power of words to line your own pockets at their expense. And their regret is your loss.
Consistency is saying or doing the same thing regardless of the circumstances, as long as those words or actions still apply.
It is possible to overdo consistency. And none of us is perfect.
But when it comes to the power of words, you don’t want to give anyone the impression that your words and actions will change whenever you feel the slightest pressure to change them — regardless of the consequences.
If someone’s words change too easily, they’re the verbal equivalent of shifting sands. You can’t build anything on them that won’t fall apart.
Fickle words have no power.
A daily mindfulness practice trains you to be aware of your thoughts and feelings, without judging them.
So, you can acknowledge that someone’s words or actions have made you feel devalued or manipulated.
But you don’t have to avenge your ego by using words as defense weapons.
You retain your power when you take a step back and use your words to restore balance instead.
When you use the power of beautiful words to express empathy rather than anger or condescension, you put the good of the souls involved ahead of your own impulses. You might also enjoy these mindfulness journal prompts .
Karma demands that we pay for every unkind word we speak or write. Every time we use the power of words against another soul, we guarantee that, sooner or later, we’ll experience the same pain we’ve inflicted.
Think of that the next time you look back at a conversation and wish you’d used the comeback that came to mind a half-hour later.
Or, better yet, think of that when you’re about to say (or write) a scathing response to someone who has verbally attacked you.
Even if you succeed in turning their own words against them, you’ll eventually realize that the victory wasn’t worth the alienation you caused.
Use your power to build them up instead.
Will you take advantage of the power of words?
Asking questions instead of resting on statements is another way to benefit from the power of words.
Questions open your mind, while statements (assumptions, snap judgments, and fixed beliefs) close it.
If you pride yourself on keeping an open mind — about people, ideas, and situations — you should be using words to ask more questions rather than to utter statements no one is allowed to question.
The words you speak can either promote growth and connection or undermine it.
Take a moment today to think of the words you want to be remembered for. Before you speak, think of the words you’d want to say if they were your last.
May the words you choose bless everyone who hears (or reads) them today.
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A lesson plan for grades 7–12.
Lesson Overview
In this lesson students have the opportunity to discuss how words have the power to bring about political, social, or economic change in society. By reviewing quotations from various leaders, activists, and others, students can begin to understand how ideas have an impact on the hearts and minds of people and can be a catalyst for change. Finally, students will reflect on the words of Martin Luther King Jr. and determine their relevance to the political, social, and economic issues of today. Suggested grade level: 7–12 Objectives: By the end of this lesson students should be able to
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Can you imagine a world without words?
It would be chaos.
Many times we take them for granted, just as a way of communicating what we want or need. And they actually do that, but at the same time they do something bigger.
Words are powerful. Whether you write or speak them, they do have an impact on you and the others. They express feelings and share knowledge. They can change someones mood completely and ignite a spark in them.
That´s why writing is an extraordinary experience. It´s not just jotting down symbols that form words, it’s a way of expressing what you feel or think. Hence why you should really think before speaking. Once the words are out, they never come back. If you want to expand motivation and peace, your words should reflect that, they should be positive. Otherwise, you would be doing the exact opposite.
Everyone should try writing at least once. It doesn´t matter the topic, or if you want to share it with others, but you should just sit down and take all those thoughts out your head. In that way, you´ll have less going on in your mind and they will probably make more sense to you once you see them.
If you want to test how powerful words are, try for a week saying positive phrases to yourself in front of the mirror, and you´ll soon see a change in your mood and the way you act.
View the discussion thread.
C 2019 Voices of Youth. All Rights Reserved.
Do you remember the saying as a child, “Sticks and stones may break my bones but words will never hurt me? ” The second part of this phase was and still is commonly overlooked, but many can oppose this statement according to personal experiences. Not only have people’s feelings been hurt by words, but many lives have been lost as well. The power of words is extremely powerful and can affect one emotionally, physically, and mentally. A certain phrase, phrases, or choice of words used can appeal to emotion.
Author Jodi Picoult says, “Words are like eggs dropped from great heights; you can no more call them back than ignore the mess they leave when they fall. ” (Picoult, nd) Jodi uses a simile to compare the mess that eggs can leave to the mess one’s words can leave behi
nd. When someone says something disrespectful to another, it could be taken offensively. Some wish to take back things that were said after realizing it caused pain, hurt, and/or humiliation. However, if a compliment were given instead, this would arouse happiness, joy, self-confidence, pleasure, pride, etc.
According to Angela Johnson, “When you hear a powerful positive statement it can change your whole mood. Positive words can change how you think about certain things even if you had a negative view of it before. ” (Johnson, 2012) Even after having a rough day, being able to hear such positive toned words could brighten anyone’s day. Words that appeal to happiness tend to give positive insights about a particular subject, person, or object. Whether appeal to emotion is intended to hurt or brighten, th
right choice of words can accomplish the goal.
In addition to emotional health, words can also take a positive or negative physical toll. Barbara White suggests, “Words give out energy and a message which creates a reaction in others. ” (White, nd) Impressions are based upon one’s actions, words, and behavior. If friendly kind traits are displayed when meeting another, a good impression is left in that person’s mind. Not only do good things stick in an individual’s mind, but words that may intimidate or ruin self-image. Actions are commonly based on how others treat you.
Bullying, for example, is another contribution to many people having low self-esteem or a lack of self-confidence. In the article, “Bullying and Depression,” researchers state that the connection between bullying and depression “can be long-lasting; people who are bullied as children are more likely to suffer from depression as an adult than children not involved in bullying. ” (www. bullyingstatistics. org, nd) Verbal abuse is a main type of bullying, and many individuals per day are faced with this challenge.
The bully may not think that the words said were that big of a deal, but the chances are high that the person targeted goes home every night and cries or goes into a depressed state. Not only can words affect one physically, but negative words can also lead to mental problems. The tone of a statement, whether negative or positive, can lead to a mental change in how an individual thinks or responds to a certain situation. “Criticism, or the generation of ‘evaluative judgements,’ is often ‘painful’ or ‘difficult’ to receive,” states Gregg Walker. Walker,
nd) Criticism is huge in today’s world and it can either improve an individual or break them.
Some people take criticized comments to a personal level and feel a lack of effort or confidence. Not only does it lower self-esteem, but it can also convince somebody that their actions are no longer good enough. On the other hand, positive criticism can lead to improvement in attitude or work agility. Mr. Walker also states, “If handled appropriately by both the person criticized and the person being criticized, critical feedback can promote constructive growth in individuals and relationships. (Walker, nd)
The impact of negative criticism highly differs from the outcome of positive criticism. For example, a citizen may tell an officer that they appreciate all the time and effort it goes into being in law enforcement. That officer is going to feel good about himself and will continue to work hard due to the positive feedback. Not all comments of criticism are intended to ruin someone’s reputation, but some are said in hopes of pushing another to work harder and efficiently.
Things said cannot be taken back, and they can either make or break individuals. Words work just like criticism; they can either hurt or improve somebody. Due to the fact that words appeal to emotion, the affect it can have on somebody can be strong. Words create change whether it is realized or not. The next time “sticks and stones may break my bones but words will never hurt me” is heard, think about the many ways words truly can hurt. Individuals are impacted emotionally, physically, and mentally by the extreme power of
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The Power of Words
All over the world, words are the primary way people communicate with each other. It doesn’t matter where you live, what color you are, or what creed you follow; words convey your thoughts. There is no bigger medium of expression.
We use words to thank, to plead, to rejoice, to grieve, to instruct, to congratulate. It doesn’t matter if they are written or they are sung. You just can’t get away from words. From the time you are born and your mom whispers sweet nothings in your ears to the time that the priest reads the scriptures out to you at the end, you can’t get away from words. Yet we pay so little attention to them. We use them at random, sometimes our minds find it hard to keep pace with our tongues. Words have great power. The power to bring peace, the power to spread love , the power to give hope, the power to encourage, the power to guide, the power to comfort, the power to uplift, the power to heal. But they can also kill, they can make you feel small and insignificant, they can hurt you, they can humiliate you, they can rob you of your decency, steal your sleep and even make you sick. Then there are the words that humble you, elevate you, take you closer to God.
Never speak words that can rob another of his dignity and his pride. If you don’t have the words to encourage and elevate, best is to say nothing at all. A kind helping word of encouragement can make someone’s day so be ready with that word any time of the day. You never know whom you might be able to help with your good word of the day.
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This essay is about the literary device of dramatic irony, explaining how it creates suspense and emotional engagement by letting the audience know more than the characters. Examples include Shakespeare’s “Romeo and Juliet,” where the audience knows the tragic fate awaiting the lovers, and Harper Lee’s “To Kill a Mockingbird,” where readers understand the racism influencing the story before Scout does. The essay also discusses the use of dramatic irony in films like “Psycho” and TV shows like “Breaking Bad,” as well as in comedies and other genres. It highlights how dramatic irony enhances storytelling by deepening themes and intensifying the audience’s connection to the narrative.
How it works
The literary technique known as dramatic irony holds significant sway in the repertoire of playwrights and authors, serving as a potent instrument for crafting suspense, enriching emotional involvement, and offering readers a distinct vantage point on the narrative’s unfolding. At its essence, dramatic irony ensues when the audience possesses superior knowledge about a situation or a character’s intentions compared to the characters themselves within the tale. This chasm in awareness fosters moments of heightened anticipation and emotional intricacy, as readers or spectators comprehend the repercussions of actions and occurrences unbeknownst to the characters.
Shakespeare’s “Romeo and Juliet” stands as one of the most illustrious exemplars of dramatic irony. Throughout the play, the audience is keenly cognizant of the tragic destiny awaiting the star-crossed lovers, while Romeo and Juliet themselves cling to hope regarding their shared future. This prescient awareness casts a pall over every interaction, imbuing even their most jubilant moments with an aura of impending catastrophe. When Juliet imbibes a potion to simulate her demise, the audience understands her continued vitality, a truth eluding Romeo. Consequently, his subsequent demise resonates all the more profoundly as we discern the tragic miscommunication at play. Shakespeare’s adept manipulation of dramatic irony not only amplifies the emotional resonance of the narrative but also underscores the thematic motifs of destiny and calamity pervading the drama.
In contemporary literature, dramatic irony endures as a vital narrative tool. Consider Harper Lee’s “To Kill a Mockingbird,” wherein readers are privy to the entrenched racism influencing the story’s events long before the protagonist, Scout Finch, comprehends its full extent. This foreknowledge enables readers to discern the injustices and societal deficiencies that Scout is only beginning to discern, thereby heightening engagement with the narrative and fostering deeper empathy for the characters.
Dramatic irony finds effective expression in the realm of cinema and television as well. In Alfred Hitchcock’s “Psycho,” viewers possess insight into Norman Bates’ true persona and the presence of his deceased mother long before the film’s protagonist, Marion Crane, uncovers the truth. This awareness engenders a tension-laden viewing experience, as viewers anticipate the moment when the harrowing reality will be laid bare to the characters on screen. Hitchcock’s adept utilization of dramatic irony keeps the audience on tenterhooks, accentuating the psychological thriller elements of the film and securing its status as a genre classic.
A modern instance of dramatic irony is evident in the television series “Breaking Bad.” Throughout the series, viewers are cognizant of Walter White’s descent into criminality and his dual existence long before his family and associates grasp the full extent of his actions. This engenders a perpetual undercurrent of tension, as viewers anticipate the inevitable confrontations and reckonings that will ensue as the truth comes to light. The dramatic irony in “Breaking Bad” not only serves to cultivate suspense but also imbues Walter’s character with layers of complexity, juxtaposing his outward persona with his clandestine deeds.
Furthermore, dramatic irony serves as a comedic device, generating humorous scenarios. In Oscar Wilde’s “The Importance of Being Earnest,” characters frequently find themselves embroiled in situations where the audience discerns the true identities and motives behind various deceptions. This insight enables the audience to revel in the absurdity and wit of the characters’ interactions, heightening the comedic aspects of the play.
In addition to augmenting suspense and levity, dramatic irony can elucidate the themes and ethical quandaries within a narrative. In George Orwell’s “Animal Farm,” readers swiftly realize that the pigs who spearhead the rebellion against human oppressors are mirroring the tyrants they supplanted. This irony underscores the novel’s commentary on authority, corruption, and the cyclical nature of subjugation, imbuing the story’s message with greater poignancy and intellectual stimulation.
Dramatic irony remains a versatile and potent technique in the storyteller’s arsenal. By endowing the audience with insights eluding the characters, writers and directors can forge deeper emotional connections, heighten suspense, and facilitate a richer comprehension of their themes and motifs. Whether in classic literature, contemporary novels, or visual media, dramatic irony continues to enthrall and engage audiences, attesting to its enduring efficacy in the craft of storytelling.
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Guest Essay
By Roger Wicker
Mr. Wicker, a Republican, is the ranking member of the U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee.
“To be prepared for war,” George Washington said, “is one of the most effectual means of preserving peace.” President Ronald Reagan agreed with his forebear’s words, and peace through strength became a theme of his administration. In the past four decades, the American arsenal helped secure that peace, but political neglect has led to its atrophy as other nations’ war machines have kicked into high gear. Most Americans do not realize the specter of great power conflict has risen again.
It is far past time to rebuild America’s military. We can avoid war by preparing for it.
When America’s senior military leaders testify before my colleagues and me on the U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee behind closed doors, they have said that we face some of the most dangerous global threat environments since World War II. Then, they darken that already unsettling picture by explaining that our armed forces are at risk of being underequipped and outgunned. We struggle to build and maintain ships, our fighter jet fleet is dangerously small, and our military infrastructure is outdated. Meanwhile, America’s adversaries are growing their militaries and getting more aggressive.
In China, the country’s leader, Xi Jinping, has orchestrated a historic military modernization intended to exploit the U.S. military’s weaknesses. He has overtaken the U.S. Navy in fleet size, built one of the world’s largest missile stockpiles and made big advances in space. President Vladimir Putin of Russia has thrown Europe into war and mobilized his society for long-term conflict. Iran and its proxy groups have escalated their shadow war against Israel and increased attacks on U.S. ships and soldiers. And North Korea has disregarded efforts toward arms control negotiations and moved toward wartime readiness.
Worse yet, these governments are materially helping one another, cooperating in new ways to prevent an American-led 21st century. Iran has provided Russia with battlefield drones, and China is sending technical and logistical help to aid Mr. Putin’s war. They are also helping one another prepare for future fights by increasing weapons transfers and to evade sanctions. Their unprecedented coordination makes new global conflict increasingly possible.
That theoretical future could come faster than most Americans think. We may find ourselves in a state of extreme vulnerability in a matter of a few years, according to a growing consensus of experts. Our military readiness could be at its lowest point in decades just as China’s military in particular hits its stride. The U.S. Indo-Pacific commander released what I believe to be the largest list of unfunded items ever for services and combatant commands for next year’s budget, amounting to $11 billion. It requested funding for a raft of infrastructure, missile defense and targeting programs that would prove vital in a Pacific fight. China, on the other hand, has no such problems, as it accumulates the world’s leading hypersonic arsenal with a mix of other lethal cruise and attack missiles.
Our military leaders are being forced to make impossible choices. The Navy is struggling to adequately fund new ships, routine maintenance and munition procurement; it is unable to effectively address all three. We recently signed a deal to sell submarines to Australia, but we’ve failed to sufficiently fund our own submarine industrial base, leaving an aging fleet unprepared to respond to threats. Two of the three most important nuclear modernization programs are underfunded and are at risk of delays. The military faces a backlog of at least $180 billion for basic maintenance, from barracks to training ranges. This projects weakness to our adversaries as we send service members abroad with diminished ability to respond to crises.
Fortunately, we can change course. We can avoid that extreme vulnerability and resurrect American military might.
On Wednesday I am publishing a plan that includes a series of detailed proposals to address this reality head-on. We have been living off the Reagan military buildup for too long; it is time for updates and upgrades. My plan outlines why and how the United States should aim to spend an additional $55 billion on the military in the 2025 fiscal year and grow military spending from a projected 2.9 percent of our national gross domestic product this year to 5 percent over the next five to seven years.
It would be a significant investment that would start a reckoning over our nation’s spending priorities. There will be conversations ahead about all manner of budget questions. We do not need to spend this much indefinitely — but we do need a short-term generational investment to help us prevent another world war.
My blueprint would grow the Navy to 357 ships by 2035 and halt our shrinking Air Force fleet by producing at least 340 additional fighters in five years. This will help patch near-term holes and put each fleet on a sustainable trajectory. The plan would also replenish the Air Force tanker and training fleets, accelerate the modernization of the Army and Marine Corps, and invest in joint capabilities that are all too often forgotten, including logistics and munitions.
The proposal would build on the $3.3 billion in submarine industrial base funding included in the national security supplemental passed in April, so we can bolster our defense and that of our allies. It would also rapidly equip service members all over the world with innovative technologies at scale, from the seabed to the stars.
We should pair increased investment with wiser spending. Combining this crucial investment with fiscal responsibility would funnel resources to the most strategic ends. Emerging technology must play an essential role, and we can build and deploy much of it in less than five years. My road map would also help make improvements to the military procurement system and increase accountability for bureaucrats and companies that fail to perform on vital national security projects.
This whole endeavor would shake our status quo but be far less disruptive and expensive than the alternative. Should China decide to wage war with the United States, the global economy could immediately fall into a depression. Americans have grown far too comfortable under the decades-old presumption of overwhelming military superiority. And that false sense of security has led us to ignore necessary maintenance and made us vulnerable.
Our ability to deter our adversaries can be regained because we have done it before. At the 50th anniversary of Pearl Harbor, in the twilight of the Soviet Union, George H.W. Bush reflected on the lessons of Pearl Harbor. Though the conflict was long gone, it taught him an enduring lesson: “When it comes to national defense,” he said, “finishing second means finishing last.”
Regaining American strength will be expensive. But fighting a war — and worse, losing one — is far more costly. We need to begin a national conversation today on how we achieve a peaceful, prosperous and American-led 21st century. The first step is a generational investment in the U.S. military.
Roger Wicker is the senior U.S. senator from Mississippi and the ranking member of the Senate Armed Services Committee.
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The locus of Help Wanted , Adelle Waldman ’s new novel, is a big-box store in New York’s Hudson Valley. This is a departure from her usual subject matter. Writing it also required a significant departure from her usual life: Waldman actually joined the workforce at a real Hudson Valley big-box store. Help Wanted draws from that experience—a perceptive, multi-layered novel that gives space to the working poor.
I talked with Waldman about the power and pitfalls of immersive writing.
Adelle Waldman: Absolutely. I’ve always loved that book. It’s so brilliantly written; the message is so powerful. It was definitely in my mind as I decided to get a job at a big-box store. I knew what I wanted to write was going to be fiction—but I definitely took inspiration from that book. Her moral compass is so straight.
RK: Did you feel any trepidation about your undertaking?
AW: Definitely. I felt two levels of trepidation. The first was just the nervousness of going into an unknown social environment. I felt nervous when I was applying for jobs. I felt awkward. I’d had similar jobs when I was younger—I’d worked at Starbucks, I’d been a waitress, I’d been a bagger in a grocery store at my first job in high school—so it’s not that I’d never done this. But it had been a long time since I’d applied for jobs that way, where you walk into a store and ask if they’re hiring, ask for an application.
But I also felt nervous in a bigger sense: Is this a crazy idea? I didn’t tell my literary agent I was doing it. I wasn’t feeling particularly interested in writing another novel about the psychological and romantic problems of middle- and upper-middle-class people, and this seemed like a way to broaden my horizons. But I could fall on my face. I could find the job so terrible or so difficult that I’d quit after a week or I just wouldn’t be able to wake up for the early hours.
RK: Help Wanted is set among the working poor, who are ignored to a shocking extent. You can drive around and within minutes come across, say, a check-cashing place or something equally visible that signals the United States is a very poor country. It’s like a Potemkin village. To ignore this takes a special kind of denial.
RK: When the poor do garner attention, it often takes the form of mockery. Help Wanted is a powerful refutation of that. And the characters are so three-dimensional—they’re emphatically not imbued with a fake, salt-of-the-earth nobility. Some of the characters are difficult, some are incredibly kind.
AW: That was so important to me. One of the crucial things was the fact that I got to know people as coworkers. I felt that had I gone about this as a quasi-journalist and tried to interview people, it never would have worked, because in that sense everyone’s performing a role. The journalist or interviewer is the concerned other and the person being interviewed wants to give them what they want—or not give them what they want. They’re playing the part of the interview subject. And it’s a very unnatural part to play. I’m not saying there can’t be and haven’t been brilliant books of journalism written through interviews. There absolutely can, but I feel for me it was crucial that I got to know people as coworkers.
This is something Barbara Ehrenreich discusses in Nickel and Dimed. When she went into these jobs, she felt stripped of a certain protective armor. By that point in her life, she was a successful and widely admired writer. But when she was Barb, going into her job at Walmart, she was just Barb. I related a lot to that. I certainly wasn’t as accomplished as Barbara Ehrenreich when I went into it, but I was used to being seen as a writer. I had published a novel, I had an education—all these pieces of armor. And when I went into the job at the store, I was just myself and how well I did at the job. It felt like high school. There was a group that I really liked and I wanted them to like me. And at first I kept putting my foot in my mouth—I felt that I’d say the wrong thing. Over time I became friends with that group. I liked them because they were funny; they cracked jokes. One was particularly good at mimicking our boss, who got on our nerves. Instead of me having power—an interviewer talking to “the working poor”—the people I liked at work because they were funny were the ones who had the power. I wanted them to like me .
I feel like that was a really useful way for me to get to know my coworkers: to see them as people in the world, rather than people who were poor. I really wanted to be a little sparing with the sociological background or save it for later in the book. If you read a novel about a lawyer, you don’t immediately have a backstory on page two: How did this person become a lawyer? I wanted to treat them as people who had quirks and personalities and social presence, and then gradually we’d learn a little bit about how they ended up at this store. Only to much wealthier people would that seem like their primary characteristic.
RK: The characters are incredibly resilient. All are struggling to get by under the harshest of economic conditions.
AW: That struck me so much when I was there at the store. And it still does, with my coworkers I’m still in touch with. I felt really moved by their resilience, in the sense of their lives were so difficult. I found the hours we worked difficult, often coming in at 4:00 AM, sometimes doing overnights. But I had all these advantages. I had a car that wasn’t particularly fancy, but it was reliable, it had air-conditioning, power windows. Many of my coworkers didn’t have cars. They walked or rode bikes to work, or bummed rides. If they did have cars, they tended to be older and more beat-up. I had access to all the healthy food I could want, reliable childcare, a comfortable house; I didn’t have constant anxiety about paying my bills. None of those things were true for my coworkers. And still I found the hours hard. And I complained. And I realized at first that one of the ways I put my foot in my mouth was that I complained more than my coworkers. And I realized for them, there was no point in complaining. They took for granted that things were hard, that the way to get through was to focus on humor, getting through the day.
I want to be careful about how I say this, because I admired that so much. And I felt like my regular self and my friends from my regular life—we could have all learned a thing or two about their attitude, about not complaining all the time. On the other hand, no one should have to develop that much resilience. I don’t want to hold that up like we should all strive to be like that . I think we should all strive so that their lives should not entail such incredible amounts of stress and uncertainty and difficulty.
Richard Klin is a writer based in New York's Hudson Valley and the author of the novel Petroleum Transfer Engineer (Underground Voices). His writing has been featured on Public Radio International's Studio 360 and has appeared in the Atlantic, the Brooklyn Rail, the Forward, Akashic Books' "Thursdaze" series, whimperbang, and many others.
COMMENTS
The huge power of words in literature, speeches, songs, and sermons are seen over and over again. The use of such powerful words can evoke emotions, motivations, and encouragement to the listeners because they are not just characters put together…there is emotion behind each single word. Cain and Abel is a story found from within the Bible ...
Speaking, writing and reading are integral to everyday life, where language is the primary tool for expression and communication. Studying how people use language - what words and phrases they ...
Simone Weil. Simone Weil wrote the essay, 'The Power of Words', when she was twenty-five after she returned from the Spanish Civil War where she had joined the Republican faction. Weil had already visited Germany in 1932 where she was concerned about the rise of the fascists, her concerns validated after Hitler rose to power in 1933.
High-quality essay on the topic of "The Power of Words" for students in schools and colleges.
How writers can utilize this power for positive change Writers, in particular, possess a unique platform to utilize the power of words for positive change.
Over time, my words morphed into a therapeutic balm, a means to dispel negative thoughts, a way to conjure positive self-affirmations. Humor crept into my pages, allowed me to laugh at the consequences of my own uniqueness. Words allowed me to embrace life, to claim my power as an African American woman, and to challenge ignorance and bigotry.
To appreciate the power and majesty of words, we have to recognize that they mean more than their dictionary definitions. Words require context to make them meaningful.
This collection of essays, consistently weighty in substance, makes good on the claims of the book's title: it convinces us of the power of words and instills a desire to see them used to express the wonder of God.
This power of retrogradation in its absolute fulness and perfection—this faculty of referring at all epochs, all effects to all causes—is of course the prerogative of the Deity alone—but in every variety of degree, short of the absolute perfection, is the power itself exercised by the whole host of the Angelic intelligences.
"The Power of Words" — 1888 — The Complete Poetical Works and Essays on Poetry of Edgar Allan Poe, ed. John H. Ingram, London and New York: Frederick Warne & Co. (pp. 126-130) (This tale is included as one of six "Prose Poems," without further explanation.) Scholarly and Noteworthy Reprints:
Words are the things we use to communicate with each other, and they can be very powerful and influential at times. In the book "The Book Thief" by Markus Zusak, the book uses the power of words, to impact people's beliefs, and make connections between family and friends. For starters, Liesel and her foster dad Hans created a deep bond ...
The Power of Words Language has an irreplaceable role in our lives as mankind has grown to depend on it as an important way of acquiring Knowledge. But how valid is language as a way of knowing? French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre answered this question with the quote: "Words are more treacherous and powerful than we think." Words do indeed lie. It is precisely because of its role as an ...
Taylor Bertolini grew up primarily finding notes filled with love and compassion in her lunchbox. She learned that a few words of encouragement could not only change her life, but the lives of others. That idea followed her to college where she started an organization on the NSU campus called Campus Cursive. When you harness the power of a kind word, you have the power to change lives.
The Power of Words. Summary. Four new books investigate how language connects, differentiates, and enlightens us. Viorica Marian's The Power of Language explores the benefits of multilingualism ...
King, Kennedy, and the Power of Words. The night of April 4, 1968, presidential candidate Robert Kennedy received the news that Martin Luther King Jr. had been assassinated. Kennedy was about to speak in Indianapolis and some in his campaign wondered if they should go ahead with the rally. Moments before Kennedy climbed onto a flatbed truck to ...
Words have immense power. Once you experience the power yourself — either as the giver or as the receiver — do you begin to comprehend the power of spoken and written words.
Simone Weil's work has always been appreciated for its evocative beauty, but not always for its potential contributions to political thought. In this essay, we engage in a reappraisal of her political thought, and of her relevance to contemporary politics, by way of her discussion of the power of words. Weil shares much with contemporary ...
The power of words makes its impact on our lives daily --- through newspapers, magazines, advertising, speeches, and essays. Providing students with the tools to recognize this power is a vital lifelong learning skill.
Martin Luther King Jr. and the Power of Words. Lesson Overview. In this lesson students have the opportunity to discuss how words have the power to bring about political, social, or economic change in society. By reviewing quotations from various leaders, activists, and others, students can begin to understand how ideas have an impact on the ...
Words are powerful. Whether you write or speak them, they do have an impact on you and the others. They express feelings and share knowledge. They can change someones mood completely and ignite a spark in them. That´s why writing is an extraordinary experience. It´s not just jotting down symbols that form words, it's a way of expressing ...
Words can be powerful, influential and persuasive. Buddha said, "Whatever words we utter should be chosen with care for people will hear them and be influenced by them for good or ill". Same applies to written words. Let me give you an example of the power of such angelic words and their good or ill influence.
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Essay, Paragraph or Speech on "The Power of Words" Complete English Essay, Speech for Class 10, Class 12 and Graduation and other classes.
The Power of Dramatic Irony in Literature. The literary technique known as dramatic irony holds significant sway in the repertoire of playwrights and authors, serving as a potent instrument for crafting suspense, enriching emotional involvement, and offering readers a distinct vantage point on the narrative's unfolding.
"To be prepared for war," George Washington said, "is one of the most effectual means of preserving peace." President Ronald Reagan agreed with his forebear's words, and peace through ...
Adelle Waldman on Her. 'Nickel and Dimed'-Inspired Novel. The locus of Help Wanted, Adelle Waldman 's new novel, is a big-box store in New York's Hudson Valley. This is a departure from her usual subject matter. Writing it also required a significant departure from her usual life: Waldman actually joined the workforce at a real Hudson ...