3d vs 2d presentation

Guide to 3 different types of Interior Design presentations 2D, 2.5D and 3D

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Quick Guide to the 3 different types of Interior Design presentations 2D, 2.5D and 3D.

The difference between 2D, 2.5-D and 3-D presentation can be hard to navigate when you’re just starting out which is why I created this guide.

Once you understand it, you can begin to offer multiple tiers of products and develop speedy workflows within your business. The following guide can be used not only to explain the difference between presentation styles but also to give you examples of when, and when not, to use the different strategies.

To begin with, let’s talk about 2D Presentation .

‍ – What is considered a 2D presentation? 2D is generally a flat a flattened image which has no depth or lighting and is generally drawn or painted onto a flat surface.

In the interior design industry, floor plans, elevations, swatches, textiles are excellent examples of 2D presentation, as well as, any type of text-based presentations.

– When to use 2D presentations?

In our business, we use 2D when we’re either doing something fast or when the 2d format is what’s expected by our clients as a delivery. We use it if depth, feeling, and emotion isn’t really part of the conversation and we are conveying factual information around measurements, color, materials, swatches, and textiles. When we’re trying to quickly establish an inexpensive idea that needs to be straightforward and accurate. The software we use to create 2d presentations are Hand rendering (ink and paper), Word (lists and schedules), Photoshop (color swatches), Revit (digital drawings),

What about 2.5D presentation ?

– What is a 2.5D presentation?

2.5 d is an excellent transition between 2D and 3D. This is a presentation that is also fast, accurate and efficient but opens the viewer’s mind to help them visualize the perceived depth and overall vibe of a space. (Photographs, mood boards, design boards, paintings, perspective drawings.)

Its very effective in conveying emotion and introducing realism to a presentation. The reason we use the term 2.5 d does not have to do with the appearance, as 2.5 d many times is Photorealistic. We use this term to explain the process in which it was made as well as convey the limitations it has.

For instance, in 2.5D presentations, you cannot do a 360 camera rotation around a product or space. You cannot produce multiple views or angles of the same space (at least not in a timely manner). The view is usually locked and only intended to portray a single angle. This is an approach to presentation that offers designers and their clients a 3dimensional concept of space (realistic or otherwise) in a cost and time effective approach that can show quick variations.

– When to use 2.5D presentations?

We use 2.5D when we only need to present one or two angles of space. At the beginning of a project when we are trying to sell an idea via an abstract concept or even a highly detailed realistic single image. When it needs to be fast and may end up being something we need to throw in the garbage and offer a different look. This is where design boards come in. They can be created quickly they can show a client a realistic representation of their interior space inexpensively.

– Where does 2.5 D presentation fall short?

In 2.5 d measurements, proportions and scale can take a back seat to the conceptual nature of this approach and can be easily be misinterpreted by the artist. This is because the tools are meant to be more artistic and again speed is the name of the game.

In a case where you need accurate measured distances Heights and widths and when you need to see multiple perspectives do walkthroughs and produce plans based on the model, this is when a 3D approach is appropriate

The detailed world of 3D presentation

– What is a 3d interior presentation?

3D presentations produce some of the most realistic results and in-depth presentations available to us as interior designers. This is because 3D rendering software like Sketchup and Revit use systems and tools to measure real-world space which produces lifelike simulations of movement and lighting within a space. It’s by far the most accurate way to produce a realistic presentation. It’s also by far the most expensive, which is why its good to go through the concept phases (above) with a client before diving into 3d rendering.

– When to use 3D Interior Presentation?

Before we dive into 3d presentations we first go through the concept phase of 2D and 2.5D presentations. We want to get a very accurate idea of the space both in plan, or at-least measurements, as well as the client sign off on style and aesthetic before we even think about spending the time and money associated with a 3D presentation.

In some cases, such as when we are designing a single open space or room, we won’t even need to go into the world of 3D. However, on the flip side, when a space is dynamic and will require multiple views to be visualized, we will approach a project with our 3D workflow in mind for a final presentation.

– Limitations of 3D presentation

One of the drawbacks to using 3D is the fact that 3d modeling and texturing takes a ton of time. if you’re under a tight deadline you may be limited to using 3D libraries if you want to create quick room builds. if you have a lot of time on a project, you could model and texture all the specific products you want.

When we have projects where the clients require visualizing specific furniture from specific vendors we will almost always use Photoshop to present a space, that is unless its a huge space. On the flip side, if the job does not require specific looks of specific furniture and we can get away with using something from a 3d library that communicates the message conceptually, instead of literally, then 3D may be a better way to go.

When it comes down to it, the plan of attack you choose always comes down to the project at hand. Just because you used one approach for one project doesn’t mean you’ll want to use the same approach on the next one. The type of client, the budget, the time and the space all factor in on the call you’ll need to make.

To learn the exact workflow we use in our interior design business, join us for our upcoming workshops:

Photoshop Workflow- Perfect for developing your 2D Swatches and 2.5 D mood board and Photorealistic Design Board phases.

Sketchup and/or Revit workflows – Perfect for developing your 2d and 3D workflow with floor plans, elevations, and photo-realistic multi-view rendering.

Get started learning the basics for free with:

– Photoshop Launch,

– sketchup launch or, – revit launch...

Have any more questions? we’d love to hear from you. reply to this email and let us know whats on your mind.

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What is the Difference Between 2D and 3D? A Comparative Guide

In the realms of design, animation, and technology, the terms “2D” and “3D” are thrown around quite frequently. While the difference might seem straightforward at first glance, there’s more complexity to these concepts than meets the eye. If you find yourself puzzled about these terms, rest assured, you’re not alone. Let’s dive into the fascinating world of 2D and 3D, breaking down their definitions and exploring their diverse applications in our daily lives.

Ask a professional if you need to learn more about  3d animation software .

The Definitions: 2D vs. 3D

Understanding the basic definitions is the first step in grasping the broader concepts.

2D (Two-Dimensional)

• Flat Surface Representation : 2D objects are defined on a flat plane, consisting of length and height but lacking depth. They are limited to two dimensions and do not have any thickness.
• Examples in Everyday Life : Drawings on paper, images on your computer screen, or the design on a piece of fabric are all 2D. They can be easily represented on a flat surface without any illusion of depth.
• Mathematical Perspective : In mathematics, 2D shapes are plotted on a Cartesian coordinate system along the X (horizontal) and Y (vertical) axes. These shapes can be measured in terms of area but do not have volume.

3D (Three-Dimensional)

• Occupying Space : Unlike 2D, 3D objects have depth in addition to length and height. This third dimension allows them to occupy space and be viewed from different angles.
• Real-World Examples : Anything that exists in the physical world and can be touched or held is 3D. From the furniture in your room to the trees in a park, these objects have a form and structure with measurable volume.
• Mathematical and Physical Aspects : In a mathematical context, 3D shapes are plotted on three axes – the X, Y, and the additional Z-axis, which represents depth or thickness. In physics, this concept is crucial for understanding the real-world structure and dynamics of objects.

Aspects of 2D and 3D Shapes

Understanding the aspects of 2D and 3D shapes is essential in fields ranging from geometry and art to engineering and virtual design. Let’s delve deeper into their characteristics and how they differ from each other.

Aspects of 2D Shapes

• Flat and Plane Surfaces : 2D shapes are flat. They exist solely on a plane, typically represented on paper, screens, or other flat surfaces. They have length and height but no depth.
• Measurement Aspects : These shapes are measured in terms of area, which is calculated using their length and height. Common measurements include square inches, square feet, or square meters, depending on the shape.
• No Volume or Thickness : Since 2D shapes lack a third dimension, they have no volume or thickness. This makes them ideal for graphical representations, designs, and illustrations where depth is not required.
• Examples in Geometry : Common 2D shapes in geometry include squares, rectangles, triangles, circles, and polygons. Each of these shapes follows specific rules regarding their angles and side lengths.

Aspects of 3D Shapes

• Occupying Space : 3D shapes have depth in addition to length and height, allowing them to occupy space. This depth gives them volume, making them tangible and relatable in the physical world.
• Measurement Complexity : 3D shapes are measured not only by area but also by volume, which involves length, width (or breadth), and height. Calculations for volume differ from shape to shape, reflecting their unique three-dimensional aspects.
• Real-World Interaction : Unlike 2D shapes, 3D shapes can be interacted with in a physical sense. This aspect is crucial in architecture, sculpture, product design, and other fields where spatial understanding is key.
• Variety of Forms : 3D shapes include prisms, cubes, spheres, cylinders, pyramids, and more complex polyhedra. Each of these shapes has distinct properties, like faces, edges, and vertices, which define their structure and appearance.

Visualization and Representation

• Visual Perception of 2D : 2D shapes are perceived exactly as they are represented, without any illusion of depth. Their simplicity makes them easy to draw and visualize but limits their representation of real-world objects.
• 3D Shapes and Depth Perception : 3D shapes provide a more realistic representation due to their depth. They can be viewed and understood from multiple angles, offering a comprehensive understanding of their structure.

Applications in Practical Fields

• 2D in Practical Applications : 2D shapes are widely used in graphic design, technical drawings, blueprints, and maps. They provide a clear and straightforward representation without the complexity of depth.
• 3D in Real-World Applications : 3D shapes are essential in fields requiring a realistic representation of space and form, such as architecture, engineering, and 3D modeling. They allow for a detailed understanding of an object’s or structure’s physical presence.

Practical Examples

To further illustrate the concepts of 2D and 3D shapes, let’s explore some practical examples from everyday life and various professional fields. These examples demonstrate how these shapes are not just theoretical constructs but are integral to our daily experiences and professional practices.

Everyday Life Examples

• Graphic Design : In graphic design, logos, icons, and illustrations are typically 2D, lying flat on a surface like a webpage or a poster.
• Floor Plans : Architectural floor plans are 2D representations showing the layout of rooms in a building from a bird’s-eye view.
• Road Signs : Most road signs are 2D shapes, with symbols and text providing information in a clear, flat format.
• Furniture : Objects like chairs, tables, and lamps in our homes are 3D, occupying space with their length, width, and height.
• Containers : Everyday items like boxes, bottles, and cans are 3D, holding volume and existing in three-dimensional space.
• Toys : Many children’s toys, such as building blocks or dolls, are 3D, offering tactile engagement in a physical space.

Professional Field Examples

2D Shapes in Professional Use

• Technical Drawing : Engineers and architects use 2D drawings to detail components of machinery or parts of buildings, focusing on dimensions and relationships without the need for depth.
• Fashion Design : Fashion designers often start with 2D sketches to conceptualize clothing before creating the actual 3D garment.

3D Shapes in Professional Use

• Product Design : Designing objects like smartphones, cars, or kitchen appliances involves 3D modeling to visualize the product’s appearance from all angles.
• Civil Engineering : Civil engineers use 3D models to visualize bridges, dams, and buildings, understanding their structure in the context of a real-world environment.

Mathematical and Educational Examples

• Geometry Education : In school, students often begin geometry by learning about 2D shapes like triangles, squares, and circles, understanding their properties on a flat plane.
• Cartography : Maps are 2D representations of geographical areas, displaying locations and landscapes on a flat surface for easy interpretation.
• Mathematical 3D Models : In higher education, students explore 3D shapes like cones, spheres, and cylinders, often using models or 3D diagrams to understand volume and surface area.
• Scientific Visualization : In fields like chemistry or biology, 3D models are used to represent molecules or anatomical structures, providing a realistic view of complex entities.

Art and Recreation Examples

• Paintings and Drawings : Traditional art forms like paintings and drawings use 2D shapes and lines to create images on canvas or paper.
• Board Games : Many board games are played on a 2D surface, with game elements like cards and boards designed in two dimensions.
• Sculpture : Sculptors create 3D art, giving their creations form and volume that can be appreciated from different angles.
• Virtual Reality : VR experiences are based on 3D environments, immersing users in a simulated space that feels more realistic due to its three-dimensional nature.

Applications in Various Fields

he use of 2D and 3D shapes extends across various fields, each harnessing these dimensions in unique and innovative ways. Let’s explore how both 2D and 3D shapes are applied in different professional and practical areas.

Applications of 2D Shapes

• Print Media : In magazines, brochures, and billboards, 2D designs are used to convey messages and information visually.
• Digital Art : Artists create 2D digital art for various purposes, from web design to digital advertising.
• Map Making : Maps are 2D representations of the world, providing navigational information in a flat, easy-to-read format.
• Blueprints and Floor Plans : These are typically 2D representations showing the layout and design of buildings and structures.
• Teaching Tools : 2D shapes are used in educational materials, like geometry textbooks, to teach various concepts.
• Initial Sketches : Designers use 2D sketches to conceptualize clothing before turning them into 3D garments.

Applications of 3D Shapes

• Building Models : 3D models are used to visualize and plan buildings before they are constructed.
• Interior Design : 3D modeling helps in visualizing and planning interior spaces.
• 3D Animation : Modern animation heavily relies on 3D modeling to create lifelike and dynamic characters and scenes.
• Special Effects : Many special effects in movies are created using 3D technology.
• Game Design : 3D models are essential in creating immersive and interactive gaming environments.
• Prototyping : 3D shapes are used to create prototypes of various products, from household items to advanced technological devices.
• 3D Printing : This technology uses 3D models to create physical objects layer by layer.
• Imaging and Simulation : 3D models are used in medical imaging (like MRI and CT scans) and for simulating surgical procedures.
• Prosthetics Design : 3D modeling helps in designing and creating customized prosthetics.
• Molecular Modeling : In chemistry and biology, 3D models represent molecular structures for better understanding and research.
• Astronomy and Space Exploration : 3D modeling is used to simulate celestial bodies and space missions.
• Immersive Experiences : VR and AR technologies use 3D environments to create immersive experiences for education, entertainment, and training simulations.
• 2D vs. 3D Scanning
• 2D Scanning : Introduced in the 1900s for scanning blueprints and documents, turning physical papers into digital formats.
• 3D Scanning : Breaks down real-world objects or environments into digital 3D designs or models, used extensively in engineering, industrial design , and manufacturing.

Wrapping Up: 2D and 3D in Our World

Understanding 2D and 3D goes beyond school lessons. It’s about applying these concepts in real-world scenarios, whether in designing, animating, or even using everyday technology. So next time you embark on a project, consider whether 2D or 3D suits your vision best.

Science and discovery is always fun and interesting but can be challenging!  For more insights into the fascinating world of design and technology, keep exploring with us. Your next discovery is just a read away!

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2d is better than 3d.

November 14, 1998 1998-11-14

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... because people are not frogs .

If we had been frogs with eyes sitting on the side of the head, the story might have been different, but humans have their eyes smack in the front of their face , looking straight out.

Evolution optimized homo sapiens for wandering the savannah - moving around a plane - and not swinging through the trees. Today this evolutionary bias shows in comparing the number of people who drive a car versus the number of helicopter pilots: 2D navigation (on the ground) vs. 3D navigation (in the air).

Using 3D on a computer adds a range of difficulties:

• The screen and the mouse are both 2D devices, so we don't get true 3D unless we strap on weird head-gear and buy expensive bats (flying mice)
• It is difficult to control a 3D space with the interaction techniques that are currently in common use since they were designed for 2D manipulation (e.g., dragging, scrolling)
• Users need to pay attention to the navigation of the 3D view in addition to the navigation of the underlying model: the extra controls for flying, zooming, etc. get in the way of the user's primary task
• Poor screen resolution makes it impossible to render remote objects in sufficient detail to be recognizable; any text that is in the background is unreadable
• The software needed for 3D is usually non-standard, crash-prone, and requires an extra download (which users don't want to wait for)

In This Article:

Bad use of 3d, when to use 3d.

Most abstract information spaces work poorly in 3D because they are non-physical. If anything, they have at least a hundred dimensions, so visualizing an information space in 3D means throwing away 97 dimensions instead of 98: hardly a big enough improvement to justify the added interface complexity.

In particular, navigation through a hyperspace (such as a website) is often very confusing in 3D, and users frequently get lost. 3D navigation looks very cool in a demo, but that's because you are not flying through the hyperspace yourself. Thus, you don't have to remember what's behind you or worry about what remote objects are hidden by near-by objects. The person giving the demo knows where everything is (the first law of demos: never try to actually use the system for anything; simply step through a well-rehearsed script that does not touch anything that might cause a crash).

Avoid virtual reality gimmicks (say, a virtual shopping mall) that emulate the physical world. The goal of Web design is to be better than reality . If you ask users to "walk around the mall", you are putting your interface in the way of their goal . In the physical world, you need to schlepp between shops; on the Web you teleport through cyberspace directly to your destination using a navigational topology that conforms to user needs (assuming good information architecture, of course).

When you visualize physical objects that need to be understood in their solid form. Examples include:

• surgeons planning where to cut a patient: the body is 3D and the location of the tumor has a 3D location that is easier to understand from a 3D model than from a 2D X-ray
• mechanical engineers designing a widget that needs to fit into a gadget
• chemistry researchers trying to understand the shape of a molecule
• planning the layout of a trade-show booth

Sometimes physical objects work better in 2D. A help system explaining how to replace a harddisk in a computer chassis may be better off with a schematic drawing from exactly the perspective that highlights the correct spot. Or use a video of a repair tech who removes the old disk and inserts the new one. Video is 2D with respect to the images but uses sound to enhance the understanding of events (e.g., the satisfying snap when the disk is safely docked). Sounds provides additional dimensionality without navigational overhead because it's synched to the video.

Abstract data sets that have exactly three attributes are sometimes easier to understand in a 3D visualization. But first attempt to simplify the problem and experiment with 2D views - including the comic-strip-like layout of multiple charts that Tufte loves so much in The Visual Display of Quantitative Information .

Finally, entertainment applications and some educational interfaces can benefit from the fun and engaging nature of 3D, as evidenced by countless shoot-them-up games. Note that 3D works for games because the user does not want to accomplish any goals beyond being entertained. It would be trivial to design a better interface than DOOM if the goal was to kill the bad guys as quickly as possible: give me a 2D map of the area with icons for enemy troops and let me drop bombs on them by clicking the icons. Presto: game over in a few seconds and the good guys win every time. That's the design you want if you are the Pentagon, but it makes for a boring game.

See reader comments  on this Alertbox: 3D may just be too new and waiting for good designs to be discovered.

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2D but not 3D: Choosing your Presentation Visuals

When you decide you want to present data, visualization is important. Simplicity is a concept that is often forgotten because of the technology that is available to us. There is the decision to use 2D or 3D visualization, and often 3D wins because it “looks cool.”

Just because it looks cool does not mean that it should be implemented. There are a variety of applications for 3D visualization and surface charts, though not always the best option in the presentation of data.

This is because you experience such problems as: – Message distortion – Difficulty to read – Bars or columns not having a clear ending

When you factor these problems into data visualization, the last thing you want is for people to be unable to read through the bar or column chart. 3D visualization doesn’t make sense here, which is why even respectable science journals don’t use them.

Focus on What You Want People to See

When you decide you want to present data, you have to look at what it is you are presenting. It may be financials, statistics, or something else. If the 3D aspect of the bar is going to blur the numbers and thus potentially skew the data, it is not going to have the desirable effect you want.

It’s just preferable to stick to simple chart charts in this case!

Think about it the next time you create a dashboard or a report for your company.

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2D vs 3D Animation: A Guide for Film Enthusiasts and Aspiring Animators

by Sarah Davis | Animation , Film 101 , Motion Graphics

Many of us have fond memories of watching classic films and TV series, such as the commercial adventures of Tom and Jerry , the fairy tale of Cinderella , and the notable episodes of Mickey Mouse . What set these apart from other films and shows at the time was the storytelling made possible by 2D animation. This medium brought characters to life in a way that felt real and relatable, creating captivating environments that made us dream of escaping to them. Then came the rise of 3D animation with iconic films, including Toy Story , Finding Nemo , and How to Train Your Dragon . 

While both 2D and 3D animations have shaped the film industry for decades, they each offer different experiences for audiences and animators alike. In this post, we share everything you need to know about 2D vs 3D animation. We’ll discuss the key differences between the two animation styles and dive into the pros and cons of both 2D and 3D animations . Whether you’d like to become an animator or are just a film enthusiast, join us as we journey through what makes 2D and 3D animation techniques stand apart from each other.

What is 2D Animation?

2D animation involves drawing or creating two-dimensional, flattened images frame by frame on digital software such as Toon Boom Harmony or Adobe Flash. In 2D animation, the width and height of characters or objects are the only elements that animators need to focus on. 2D animation is a time-consuming process since each frame is meticulously curated to create a movement of a character or the shifting of an object. Frames that are drawn or created are played back at a speed of 24 frames per second (24fps), crafting the illusion of motion for viewers.

2D animation got its start in 1908 with the creation of Fantasmagorie , a short cartoon created by artist Emile Cohl. After the discovery of 2D animation, countless movies and TV shows began to feature this innovative style, showcasing a new approach to design. Outlined below are a few 2D animations you may be familiar with:

• Classic Disney Movies (e.g., Snow White , Cinderella , The Little Mermaid , etc.)
• TV Shows (e.g., The Simpsons , South Park , Family Guy , etc.)
• Looney Tunes (e.g., Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, etc.)

When 2D animation began, designers would hand-draw each frame, making it an extremely time-consuming process. With new technological advances, animators now use online software programs to create and draw 2D animations, though some designers still prefer hand drawing. Today, 2D animation is significantly less popular than 3D techniques. Nevertheless, you may catch a glimpse of 2D animation in various anime films and a multitude of interactive mobile games, where audiences deeply appreciate its traditional style.

What is 3D Animation?

3D animation requires making three-dimensional objects and environments with depth. While 2D techniques involve drawing images frame-by-frame, 3D animators use specific software to create 3D replicas of objects, characters, and spaces. These 3D models are then animated and manipulated into the final product of a 3D creative project. 3D animation is an extremely detailed process from start to finish, but it also produces breathtaking, life-like results. 

The first ever computer-generated (CG) 3D animated feature-length film , Toy Story , was released in 1995. Toy Story quickly became an overnight success, paving the way for 3D animators to craft countless films and TV shows using this upgraded technology. Here is a list of popular computer-animated films that followed the 1995 Pixar blockbuster hit:

• A Bug’s Life
• Finding Nemo

3D animation is now the preferred method for animators worldwide. As technology and software continue to advance, 3D animation follows suit and consistently improves every year. Nowadays, animators integrate CG animation technology into pre-filmed footage, enriching numerous films with this innovative technique. A prime example is Marvel’s action-packed movies, which use 3D animation to enhance their films and create an immersive experience for viewers.

5 Key Differences Between 2D and 3D Animation

You’ve probably already guessed that 2D and 3D animation are quite different in the design and implementation process. Here are 3 of the main differences between 2D and 3D animation techniques:

Animation can be cheaper or extremely costly, depending on the scope of the project and what format you choose to go with. 2D animation tends to be cheaper than 3D because of the resources, skills, and experience needed for the latter. The digital software and high-end technology needed to create CG or 3D animations cost exponentially more than 2D tools. If you’re trying to decide which type of animation to choose for your film project, consider the following: budget, the complexity of the production, and the overall look and feel you’d like the project to have.

Dimensionality and Design Process

The most notable difference between 2D and 3D animation is the overall design process for each creative technique. As we’ve explained previously, 2D animation is composed of drawing and redrawing for every movement or pose, while 3D involves changing keyframes through digital software and rendering it into the final production. 3D animation is like controlling a puppet through the computer screen, where animators manipulate and move a three-dimensional character within a digital space. In contrast, 2D animation is likened to sketching that puppet’s every movement frame by frame, capturing the smallest of shifts in its facial expression or actions.

The dimensionality differences between 2D vs 3D animations also impact the overall appearance of the production. If you were to see a 2D character next to a CG animated character, there would be no doubt as to which one is three-dimensional while the other appears to lay flat. Why do these characters appear so different if they’re both animated? That’s because 2D shapes show up only in length and width, while 3D animations consist of length, width, and height. This is why 3D animators can create real-life models or characters to be added to any project and instill a life-like premise in the entire production.

2D and 3D dramatically differ when it comes to frame rates. 2D animations require a frame rate (usually 24fps) to show actions or movements. In other words, there is a drawing for every frame, 24 times a second. However, if there isn’t any noticeable movement happening, animators can use “on twos,” which is drawing 1 image lasting for 2 frames, translating to 12 frames per second. 

On the other hand, 3D animators utilize keyframing instead of drawing images for individual frames. This involves animators creating keyframes, which are specific frames where they set the poses and traits of characters and objects. 3D animators then use a computer software program to insert the motion between these keyframes. This process is known as “tweening.” 

While both 2D and 3D animators use frame rates, how frames are crafted and implemented differs between mediums. 

Pros and Cons of 2D vs 3D

After discovering the differences between 2D and 3D , you may be asking yourself, “Which type of animation is better for my film project?” Both 2D and 3D animations uniquely enhance creative productions and bring viewers’ imaginations to life. The choice between these two forms of animation can depend on factors such as budget, the complexity of your production, and the desired aesthetic of the final creative production. To assist you in making a well-rounded decision, we’ll take a look at the pros and cons of 2D vs 3D animation in the section below:

Pros of 2D Animation

• It’s a cheaper option overall. Due to the advancement of technology, not all 2D animations need to be drawn frame by frame, which decreases overall production costs. The software programs used for 2D animation are also significantly cheaper than their 3D counterparts.
• Less production time. Once again, enhanced technologies have made the 2D animation process less time-consuming and more accessible to a variety of creatives.  2D objects and characters also don’t involve much maneuvering like 3D. 
• Extremely versatile and customizable. Since 2D characters and objects are drawn, animators can customize their 2D projects in just about every way possible. 2D animations are also very versatile and can be used in a variety of projects, from teaching videos to animated short stories. 

Cons of 2D Animation

• It is less realistic and engaging. 2D animations can tend to look boring and flat compared to 3D objects and characters. The 2D technology is limited to less realistic subjects and can be missing a wow factor that captivates audiences. 
• Dramatic decrease in popularity. In today’s world, 3D animation is dominating the film industry. Over the past few decades, 2D has slowly stepped out of the spotlight and continues to lose demand within Hollywood.
• Limited movement and fluidity. Since 2D animations are only two-dimensional, it can make it challenging to craft fluid movement or differing camera angles. Because of this, 2D animation isn’t usually the go-to for adventure-packed films or swift animations. 

Pros of 3D Animation

• Life-like qualities. Characters in 3D animation are far more realistic than those in 2D. Due to the three-dimensional qualities and technological advancements in 3D animation, characters and objects are more photorealistic and believable than 2D design.
• Easier movement. Since all animations are created in a 3D space, there is significantly more freedom and flexibility of movement for 3D animations. You can move your character and change angles in 3D software without having to draw the changes frame by frame.
• Expansive possibilities. Over the last few decades, 3D has continued to advance, changing the film industry as we know it. Animators can combine CG animation with real-life footage, making viewers’ worst nightmares or biggest dreams come true. 3D animation makes the impossible possible, which isn’t always obtainable with 2D tools. 

Cons of 3D Animation

• Longer setup time. Before 3D animators even make a character, stylizing and behind-the-scenes work can take extensive periods of time. Without proper planning, this can push back production time and cause problems that impact the end product.
• Limited personalization. Compared to the customization of 2D animations, CG designs are limited by the rig when creating a character. If you’ve ever noticed that numerous 3D characters look similar, it’s most likely because CG designs can’t always be personalized to fit the animator’s specific preferences. 
• More skill-oriented. Learning 3D animation is often harder to learn compared to 2D techniques. When designing in 3D, animators need to craft the character, animate him/her, add lighting, and create textures before even seeing what the final product will look like. It can take hours, sitting in front of a computer and re-working small details to get the ideal 3D animation. This process demands not only extensive skill but also intense determination from animators!

Animation Services to Entertain Your Target Audience

Want to try out animation for your next video project but don’t have the skills to do it yourself? Avalanche Studios is a Utah-based team of skilled animators, producers, directors, and creatives ready to make your vision become reality. With 25 years of experience, our team has the resources and knowledge to add CG designs to a variety of productions, from music videos to corporate training videos . If you’d like to upgrade your video, it’s time to implement animation that will make the end product an instant hit.

Request a quote to partner with Avalanche Studios’ award-winning crew. Tell us the details of the project, including the target audience, storyline, scope, deadline, animation desires, and anything else you’d like us to know. We’ll get back to you shortly and start creating a video enhanced with animations that exceed your expectations!

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4.1: 3D and 2D Representations

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• Page ID 355279

• Melanie M. Cooper & Michael W. Klymkowsky
• Michigan State University and UC Bolder

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To extend our discussion to the wider world of what we might call heterogenous molecules, that is, molecules made up of atoms of more than one element, we will begin with carbon. Why carbon? Well, here are some reasons. Carbon is the fourth most abundant element in the universe (\(\sim 3,032\) atoms per million), after hydrogen (\(\sim 705,700\) atoms per million), helium (\(\sim 275,200\) atoms per million), and oxygen (\(\sim 5,920\) atoms per million). Carbon is distinguished from most other elements in its ability to form a vast array of diverse compounds by bonding with itself and other elements with bonds that are not too strong and not too weak. Under the conditions that persist on the surface of the Earth carbon compounds are stable enough to hang around but not stable enough to persist forever, so they are not dead ends. Carbon is a key building block of the major molecules of life: proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. We are carbon-based life forms! Carbon compounds are also used in a wide range of synthetic materials, such as pharmaceuticals, polymers, and high-tech materials; we also consume a lot of carbon compounds by burning them for fuel.

Carbon: Always Tetravalent and Often Tetrahedral

Atoms combine in many different ways. We have already seen an example of how a covalent bond can form between two hydrogen atoms producing molecular (\(\mathrm{H}_{2}\)) as opposed to the atomic form of hydrogen. Similarly atoms of carbon can be linked together in various ways to form diamond, graphite, and graphene (see Chapter \(3\)). Now we move on to molecules involving atoms of carbon and other elements. In keeping with our ongoing attempt to keep things simple (or better put, as simple as possible), let us start by examining the types of molecules that can be formed by combining carbon with hydrogen. There are many such molecules, and collectively they are known as hydrocarbons. The simplest such compound is methane \(\mathrm{CH}_{4}\), a major component of natural gas. As in all its compounds and its elemental forms, carbon is tetravalent, which means that it always forms four bonds. We will now consider in greater detail why this is so, what forms the bonds can take, and what are the consequences of this fact. In this discussion, we will be building on the ideas introduced when we talked about diamond, graphite, and graphene.

To answer these questions we need to return to the ideas (introduced in Chapter \(2\)) about the quantization of electron energy levels. Carbon has a total of six electrons, two of which are in a filled (\(1\mathrm{s}\)) quantum shell, and four valence electrons; it is these valence electrons that can take part in bonding. Remember that the formation of a bond always lowers the energy of a system. It therefore makes sense that a carbon atom would form as many bonds as possible, resulting in the most stable possible molecular species.

What happens if we combine hydrogen with carbon? Do we get a compound with properties intermediate between the two? Absolutely not, as you might have expected when considering the differences between diamonds and graphite. As previously we use the hybridization model to explain the behaviors we observe. We begin with what we know: in methane the carbon atoms make four bonds, one to each of four hydrogen atoms. We also know, from experiment, that the shape of the methane molecule is tetrahedral; there is a carbon at the center and the four \(\mathrm{C-H}\) bonds pointing towards the corners of a four-sided figure. Since each \(\mathrm{C-H}\) bond is formed from bonding orbitals we can use the model for bonding where these four bonding orbitals arise from the “hybridization” of the pre-existing \(2\mathrm{s}\) and three \(2\mathrm{p}\) atomic orbitals. The electrons in the \(1\mathrm{s}\) orbital are not used because the amount of energy needed to use those electrons is greater than the energy that would be released upon bond formation (they are held tightly to the nucleus by the electromagnetic force). It turns out to be a general rule that electrons in the core of the atom—in filled shells—tend not to take part in bonding. This means we need only consider the valence electrons when thinking about bonding.

The hybridization of the \(2\mathrm{s}\) and the three \(2\mathrm{p}\) orbitals results in four \(\mathrm{sp}^{3}\) molecular orbitals, each of which can interact with the \(\mathrm{H}\) atom’s \(1\mathrm{s}\) orbital to form a bond. When a bonding orbital is formed it contains two electrons. Because carbon has four valence electrons and each of the four hydrogens has one electron the result is a total of eight electrons distributed in four bonding orbitals.

Recall that we say the hybridization of carbon is \(\mathrm{sp}^{3}\) and the arrangement of the bonds is tetrahedral, which means the angle between orbitals (and the C–H bonds) is 109.5º. Another way to say this is that the \(\mathrm{H-C-H}\) bond angle is \(109.5^{\circ}\). We can predict that this will be the case based on theoretical calculations; these have been confirmed by experimental observations. But why should this be true? How many different arrangements are there for four hydrogens bonded to a single carbon? Why aren’t the hydrogens all arranged in a single plane (around a central \(\mathrm{C}\) with \(90^{\circ}\) bond angles) rather than in the tetrahedral arrangement? The planar arrangement, which is known as a square planar geometry, is actually possible and is sometimes observed under some special conditions, usually in molecules involving transition metals as we will see later). The square planar arrangement is not as stable as the tetrahedral arrangement for carbon because each \(\mathrm{C-H}\) bond can be considered as a region of high electron (negative charge) density. Given that like repels like, each bond repels the others and moves as far away from the other bonds as possible. The optimum bond angle turns out to be \(109.5^{\circ}\) away from each of their neighbors. At that point, if they moved away from one orbital they would move closer to another. You may want to convince yourself of this geometric fact by using a marshmallow, toothpicks, and gumdrops! This principle goes by the unwieldy name of valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) and can be used to predict (once you get the hang of it) the three-dimensional (3D) structure of simple molecules—assuming that you know how the atoms within a molecule are connected. For example, using VSEPR logic, you should be able to present a compelling argument for why the \(\mathrm{C-H}\) bonds in methane do not adopt a square planar orientation, as well as the general shape of many other types of molecules. You can even go further, in methane all four atoms attached to the central carbon are the same but what if they are different? You should be able to make plausible predictions about how bond angles would change if one of the attached groups is larger than the others – how would that influence bond angles?

One problem for many people is that 3D visualization of molecular structures is not easy. It is particularly tricky when one is called upon to translate the more or less abstract two-dimensional (2D) representations (Lewis and dot stuctures \(\downarrow\)) that you find printed on the page of a book, into a 3D model you can manipulate with your hands or in your mind. In addition, chemists (and molecular biologists) have an annoying tendency of representing complex 3D structures using various 2D representations, which can be confusing if you don’t know what you are looking at (or for). You have probably already seen some of these different structures, and we will consider a number of them below. Each provides specific kinds of information about the molecule. Note that actual 3D physical models and web activities can be very helpful in solidifying your ideas about structure.

If we were able to see a methane molecule, what we observe would probably be closest to the electrostatic potential map. This visualization provides a picture of the surface of the molecule, generally color coded to represent fluctuations in electron density. Notice that there are no color fluctuations on this model of methane indicating that there are no (permanent) electron cloud distortions in the molecule—the surface of the molecule is uniformly electrically neutral. What is not so easy to discern from this representation is the fact that the methane is tetrahedral or that the central carbon atom is bonded to four hydrogen atoms, a fact that is much easier to appreciate in the other representations. The electrostatic potential representation is very useful for large biological molecules for several reasons: it is much simpler than the other kinds of models because individual atoms are not represented; it shows the molecule’s shape; and it shows where charges and partial charges are located.

The space-filling or van der Waals model gives more structural information in that the individual atoms that make up the molecule are distinguished by color (black for carbon, white for hydrogen, red for oxygen, and blue for nitrogen.) The surface of the model represents the molecule’s van der Waals radius, which is the distance where attraction turns to repulsion when two molecules approach one another. As its name implies, such models represent the space occupied by each atom.

The ball-and-stick model of methane shows the central carbon (black ball) attached to four hydrogens (white balls) by sticks that represent the bonds between the atoms. Although this model is probably the easiest to visualize, it is misleading because it could give the impression that bonds are like sticks holding the atoms together. It also does not represent either the actual volume occupied by the molecule or its electrostatic surface features. Another problem with all three of the preceding types of models is that you need a computer and specialized software (or some artistic ability) to draw them, which may not always be convenient or possible.

Why, you might ask, would one want to draw structures with so much information missing? Perhaps, like medieval alchemists, modern chemists want to keep their secrets from the average person. Perhaps they just like secret codes and mystical symbols. Or perhaps it is because these shorthand representations of molecules are just much more compact and easy to draw, particularly when we get to large molecules with lots of atoms. [1] Drawing Lewis structures is an important and useful chemistry skill and we will return to it in more detail shortly. Once you have mastered it you will be able to look at a molecular formula such as \(\mathrm{CH}_{4}\) (or \(\mathrm{C}_{5}\mathrm{H}_{12}\)) and (together with other information) be able to visualize the 3D structure of the molecule represented and predict many of the substance’s physical and chemical properties.

For example, models of the methane molecule predict that it is symmetrical. Again, this might not be entirely obvious just by looking at the structure, but if you make a model, or look at a rotatable interactive 3D model on the web you will see that it does not matter which way you look at the structure—all the \(\mathrm{C-H}\) bonds are the same, and all the bond angles are the same. A little more information (which we will discuss later on) will let you deduce that there are no permanent electron density distortions in the molecule—just as is shown by the electrostatic potential map. Together these enable you to deduce that methane molecules are attracted to one another solely through London dispersion forces (like helium atoms or hydrogen molecules). Given how weak these interactions between molecules are we might be brave enough to predict that the melting and boiling points of methane are low (melting and boiling occur at relatively low temperatures) and we would be right! Methane melts at \(91 \mathrm{~K}\) and boils at \(112 \mathrm{~K}\). [2]

Question to Answer

• Why (when present) are the four bonds formed by carbon usually arranged so that they point towards the corners of a tetrahedron?

Questions to Ponder

• If bond formation is stabilizing, why doesn’t carbon form six bonds, given that it has six electrons?
• Why doesn’t helium bond with carbon?
• What would be the consequences if carbon bonds with other atoms were very weak?
• What would be the consequences if carbon bonds with other atoms were very strong?

Building Increasingly Complex Molecules

You will soon realize that it is possible to build a rather amazing number of compounds using just hydrogen and carbon. For example imagine that we remove one hydrogen from a methane molecule; this leaves us with what is known as a methyl (\(\mathrm{-CH}_{3}\)) group. We can combine two methyl groups by forming a \(\mathrm{C-C}\) bond between them (you might want to convince yourself that each carbon atom is still making four bonds with neighboring atoms). The resulting molecule is known as ethane (\(\rightarrow\)). The structure of ethane can be written in a number of ways, for example \(\mathrm{H}_{3}\mathrm{C-CH}_{3}\), \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{-CH}_{3}\) or \(\mathrm{C}_{2}\mathrm{H}_{6}\). As the number of atoms increases so does the number of different ways a molecule can be represented. It is for this reason that chemists have developed a number of rules that are rather strictly adhered to; these rules make it possible to unambiguously communicate the structure of a molecule to others. [3] We will not spend much time on all of these various rules but there are web activities that you can do if you want to get an introduction and to practice them. These naming conventions are controlled by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, known as IUPAC and these rules can be found in the Compendium of Chemical Terminology. [4]

The process of removing hydrogens and adding methyl groups can continue, essentially without limit, to generate a family of hydrocarbons [5] known as the alkanes; the rules that govern these molecules are simple: each hydrogen makes one and only one bond; each carbon must make four discrete bonds; and these four bonds are tetrahedral in orientation. The number of carbons is in theory unlimited and how they are linked together determines the number of hydrogens. (Can you see how two hydrocarbons with the same number of carbon atoms could have different numbers of hydrogens?)

Depending on how the carbons are connected it is possible to generate a wide variety of molecules with dramatically different shapes. For example there are cage-like, spherical, and long, string-like alkanes. Consider the four-carbon alkanes. There are butane and isobutane that have the formula \(\mathrm{C}_{4}\mathrm{H}_{10}\) as well as others with four carbons but different numbers of hydrogens, for example: cyclobutane, methylcyclopropane, and tetrahedrane. Butane has a boiling point of \(-0.5^{\circ}\mathrm{C}\), and isobutane has a boiling point of \(-11.7^{\circ}\mathrm{C}\). Why are the boiling points of butane and isobutane, which have the same atomic composition (\(\mathrm{C}_{4}\mathrm{H}_{10}\)), different? The answer lies in the fact that they have different shapes. The roughly linear carbon chain of butane has a larger surface area than isobutane, which gives it more surface area through which to interact with other molecules via London dispersion forces. This idea, that the shape of a molecule and its composition, determine the compound’s macroscopic properties is one that we will return to repeatedly.

• Why are the melting and boiling points of methane higher than the melting and boiling points of \(\mathrm{H}_{2}\)?
• How many different compounds can you draw for the formula \(\mathrm{C}_{5}\mathrm{H}_{12}\)?
• What structures could you imagine for hydrocarbons containing five carbon atoms?
• Is there a generic formula for an alkane containing n carbon atoms? How does forming a ring of carbons change your formula?
• Which has the higher boiling point, a spherical or a linear alkane?
• How do boiling points and melting points change as molecular weight increases?

Question to Ponder

• Make a prediction as to the melting and boiling points of ethane, compared to methane. What assumptions are you making? How would you test whether those assumptions are valid?
• Why does the shape of a molecule influence its behavior and its macroscopic properties?

Key Differences Between 2D and 3D Engineering Drawings

Updated: 6 days ago

Engineering drawings are crucial tools that convey the design intent of products and structures. Two primary types of drawings dominate the field: 2D and 3D. Each has its advantages and applications, catering to different stages of the design and manufacturing process. In this blog, we will explore the key differences between 2D and 3D engineering drawings, examining their characteristics, applications, and the impact they have on the engineering workflow.

1. Representation of Dimensionality:

2D Engineering Drawings:

Represented on a flat plane, typically on paper or a computer screen.

Display two dimensions (length and width), making it suitable for illustrating top, front, side views, and sections.

Lack depth perception, requiring additional views or annotations for a comprehensive understanding of the design.

3D Engineering Drawings:

Represent three dimensions (length, width, and depth) in a virtual space.

Allow for the creation of realistic, volumetric models that provide a more comprehensive representation of the design.

Enable a holistic understanding of the object or structure, reducing the need for multiple views to convey the complete picture.

2. Complexity and Detail:

Well-suited for simpler designs and components.

May require multiple views, details, and sections to fully communicate complex geometries.

Limited in conveying intricate spatial relationships and configurations.

Ideal for complex and intricate designs, as they allow for a more detailed and accurate representation.

Provide a comprehensive view of the object, showcasing complex shapes, curves, and assemblies with clarity.

Facilitate better visualisation of how components fit together in a three-dimensional space.

3. Visualization and Communication:

Require a certain level of spatial imagination to understand the design in three dimensions.

Can be challenging for non-experts to interpret, leading to potential misinterpretations.

Commonly used for simple schematics, layouts, and plans.

Enhance visualisation by offering a more realistic representation of the design.

Facilitate better communication among stakeholders, as the 3D model provides a clear and intuitive understanding of the product or structure.

Commonly used for presentations, design reviews, and collaborative discussions.

4. Design Changes and Revisions:

May require extensive modifications and revisions when design changes occur.

Amendments often involve adjusting multiple views and details manually.

Prone to errors and inconsistencies during the revision process.

Facilitate easier design changes, as modifications can be made directly to the 3D model.

Changes are automatically reflected in associated views, sections, and details, reducing the likelihood of errors.

Streamline the revision process and contribute to a more efficient design workflow.

5. Applications Across Industries:

Commonly used in fields such as architecture, civil engineering, and simple mechanical design.

Suitable for projects where visualising three-dimensional aspects is less critical.

Widely utilised in industries such as aerospace, automotive, product design, and manufacturing.

Essential for projects where a comprehensive understanding of the spatial relationships and assembly details is crucial.

Conclusion:

While both 2D and 3D engineering drawings play vital roles in the design and manufacturing process, their differences lie in their representation of dimensionality, complexity, visualization, and ease of revisions. The choice between the two depends on the specific requirements of the project and the desired level of detail and realism. As technology continues to advance, the integration of both 2D and 3D approaches in the engineering workflow allows professionals to leverage the strengths of each method, ensuring a more efficient and accurate design process.

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2D vs 3D: Difference and Comparison

The terms 2D and 3D stand for two-dimensional and three-dimensional, respectively. When defining the appearance or existence of a specific object in space, we use terms like two-dimensional or three-dimensional to describe its structure.

It means that the object either exists in two dimensions (length and breadth) or three dimensions (length, breadth and height). There also exists four-dimensional, five-dimensional, six, seven and so forth structures.

Key Takeaways 2D (two-dimensional) refers to objects or images with only two dimensions: length and width, which appear flat on a screen or surface. 3D (three-dimensional) refers to objects or images with three dimensions: length, width, and depth, giving the appearance of depth and volume. The choice between 2D and 3D depends on the desired visual effect, with 2D being simpler and more traditional and 3D offering a more immersive and realistic experience.

2D objects are flat and have two dimensions, used in graphic design, animation, and video games. 3D objects are created using computer graphics software and can be viewed from any angle or perspective, and are used in movies, video games, virtual reality, and architectural design.

A 2D-shaped object will comprise length and breadth, visible to our eyes. They are sometimes referred to as plane figures or flat shapes since their dimensions are limited to two-dimensional structures, not extending to height , appearing flat or plane to the eyes.

The most common examples of 2D structures can be a sheet of paper, circle, square, rectangle and pentagon.

A 3D-shaped object will comprise length, breadth and height, visible to our eyes. Unlike two-dimensional structures, they do not appear flat or plane. While 2D structure only uses two surfaces (X and Y axes) to deter its measurements, 3D uses other axes (Z) to give depth to its structure further.

Most common examples of 3D structures can be a cube, cuboid, prism , pyramid and cylinder.

Comparison Table

What is 2d.

A 2D or a two-dimensional structure is an object existing in two dimensions to define its structure; that is, it exists in two planes or axes, the x-axis and y-axis, to determine its shape. A 2D figure has only length and width on the x-axis and y-axis, respectively.

Since two-dimensional figures can exist on a flat surface, they are also called plane figures or plane shapes. These figures do not have any volume , unlike 3D figures.

They exist on flat surfaces. They can see the area as much as possible, but they do not have any volume due to their restricting shape.

We have a variety of shapes and intangible structures encircling our daily lives. Out of these various shapes, 2D and 3D objects are the most common type of structure we come around.

Good examples of 2D structures can be sheets, circular objects, rectangular objects, square objects and pentagons.

These objects exist strictly within the periphery of the x-axis and y-axis. They cannot cross or overtop these two margins, which is unusual for 3D structures.

Geometrically speaking, two-dimensional objects can be seen as existing in between two imaginary dimensions/planes, labelled as the x-axis and y-axis, respectively.

What is 3D?

A 3D or a three-dimensional structure is an object existing in three dimensions to define its structure; that is, it exists in three planes or axes, the x-axis, y-axis and z-axis, to determine its shape. A 3D figure has length, width and height on the x-axis, y-axis and z-axis, respectively.

Unlike 2D figures, 3D figures exist beyond the margins of a flat or plane surface; they have a defining depth to their structure, extending to a new dimension called the z-axis. This added axis is to determine the height of the figure.

Since they do not exist within the parameters of two dimensions, they are not plane or flat figures. Instead, they have volume in them, which is a significant point of difference in 2D and 3D structures.

As mentioned earlier, we have a variety of shapes and intangible structures surrounding our daily lives. Of these various shapes, 2D and 3D objects are the most common structure we come across.

Good examples of 3D structures can be sheets, cuboid objects, pyramids, cylindrical objects and prisms.

Main Differences Between 2D and 3D

• A two-dimensional structure uses only two axes, the x-axis and the y-axis. At the same time, a three-dimensional structure uses three axes, the x-axis, y-axis and z-axis, respectively.
• A two-dimensional structure has only two surfaces; length and breadth. A three-dimensional structure has three surfaces; length, breadth and height.
• Two-dimensional figures are also called “plane” or “flat” due to their appearance. In contrast, three-dimensional figures are only referred to as 3D figures.
• Examples of two-dimensional structures are circles, squares, rectangles and pentagons. Examples of three-dimensional structures are Prism, cuboids, pyramids and cylinders.
• A two-dimensional structure has no volume. In comparison, a three-dimensional structure has volume.

Last Updated : 11 June, 2023

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Sandeep Bhandari holds a Bachelor of Engineering in Computers from Thapar University (2006). He has 20 years of experience in the technology field. He has a keen interest in various technical fields, including database systems, computer networks, and programming. You can read more about him on his bio page .

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I found the comparison table particularly helpful in distinguishing the key characteristics of 2D and 3D shapes.

I appreciate the article’s thorough exploration of 2D and 3D structures. The real-world examples make the concepts relatable and understandable.

Absolutely, the inclusion of common examples enriches the content and facilitates a deeper grasp of the subject matter.

The article’s thoughtful analysis and illustrative examples make it an invaluable resource for anyone interested in the concepts of 2D and 3D objects.

Certainty, the content is remarkably insightful and presented in an engaging manner.

This article effectively communicates the characteristics of 2D and 3D shapes. The clear explanations contribute to a better understanding of these concepts.

Indeed, the author’s approach in presenting the material is both engaging and informative.

This write-up is insightful and educational. It dispels any confusion about 2D and 3D structures, providing a comprehensive examination of the topic.

I agree. The article effectively clarifies the attributes and applications of 2D and 3D shapes.

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2D and 3D presentation of spatial data: A systematic review

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3-D Shapes: Comparing 2D vs. 3D *INTERACTIVE PowerPoint Math Lessons* DIGITAL*

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Description

This interactive PowerPoint lesson (1) will be a wonderful addition to your math block. This digital resource includes over 50 slides . These slides allow the opportunity for consistency and routine, whether you are teaching in the classroom or distance learning.

These interactive lessons contain:

• 1 PowerPoint Lesson- It will focus on the difference between 2D and 3D shapes and differentiating between flat and solid shapes.
• Student Goal for the lesson
• Navigation Menu
• Interactive Teaching Slides
• Interactive Games (Matching and I Spy)
• Multiple Choice Question Slides
• Subitizing Slides (Review and recognize different number combinations on sight)
• Exercise Slides (Reviewing numbers with movement)
• Number of the Day Slide

Please read the teacher guide included with the FREE download (link below) to get a closer look at what opportunities this resource can bring to your classroom or distance learning.

https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/FREEBIE-Understanding-Number-5-PowerPoint-Math-Lesson-InteractiveDigital-5805718

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Great News! More interactive PowerPoint lessons to come for these topics:

• Count and Write Number 0-5 ✔️
• Compare Numbers 0-5 ✔️
• Count and Write Numbers 6-10 ✔️
• Compare Numbers to 10 ✔️
• Compose and Decompose Numbers to 10 ✔️
• Add Numbers within 10
• Subtract Numbers within 10
• Represent Numbers 11-19
• Count and Compare Numbers to 20
• Count to 100
• Identify 2D Shapes ✔️
• Identify 3D Shapes and Positions ✔️
• Measure and Compare Objects

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Create 2D and 3D games in Unity

By using the Unity game engine, you can create 2D and 3D content separately, use 2D and 3D elements in the same project, or make a 3D game simulate a 2D view in 2.5D. The main difference lies in the type of objects you want to use in your scene or what type of camera you’re using.

On this page

Characteristics of 2d video games, characteristics of 3d video games.

• 2.5 D games
• Unity for 2D and 3D games

2D games use flat graphics, called sprites, and don’t have three-dimensional geometry. They’re drawn to the screen as flat images, and the camera (orthographic camera) has no perspective. A few examples of 2D games made in Unity include Hollow Knight by Team Cherry, Children of Morta by Dead Mage Inc, and Tiny Bubbles by Pine Street Codeworks.

3D games usually make use of three-dimensional geometry, with Materials and Textures rendered on the surface of GameObjects to make them appear as solid environments, characters and objects that make up the game world. 

3D games usually render the Scene using perspective, so objects appear larger on screen as they get closer to the camera. Examples of 3D games made with Unity recently include Praey for the Gods by No Matter Studios, Osiris: New Dawn by Fenix Fire, and Eastshade by Eastshade Studios.

2.5D - Yes, there’s also 2.5D!

Some 2D games use 3D geometry for the environment and characters, but restrict the gameplay to two dimensions, e.g., the camera may show a side-scrolling view, but the player only moves in two dimensions. For these kind of games, the 3D effect has a more visual rather than functional purpose. 

There are also games that simulate 3D geometry and a depth axis, but use an orthographic camera instead of a perspective one. It’s a common technique that gives the player the bird’s-eye view of the game action, and is often referred to as isometric view.

Create 2D and 3D games and interactive content in Unity

Create any kind of 2D or 3D game or other interactive experience in Unity. You have the option to choose between 2D or 3D from the moment you open a new project in Unity, but you can swap between the two at any time regardless of the mode you set (see more at 2D and 3D Mode Settings in Unity ). 

The choice between starting in 2D or 3D mode determines some settings for Unity, such as whether images are imported as textures or sprites, and if the camera projects is orthographic or perspective. 

Alongside all of the features for 3D development , Unity has a comprehensive feature set for 2D games, including a Sprite editor, 2D Physics, a renderer or Sprite masks, World-building tools like Tilemap editors for square, hexagonal and isometric tiles, bone-based animation, and the possibility to easily create 2D lights and shaders. You can read more here .  

The Unity Asset Store has a huge selection of 2D and 3D assets and production tools:

2D assets in the Asset Store

3D assets in the Asset Store

If you haven’t fully figured it out whether you want to create in 2D or 3D mode, remember you always have the flexibility to switch between the two when using Unity. You can always check out what other Unity creators say about developing 2D or 3D projects in the community section of our website, on the blog and forums . And remember you don’t need to code to get started. See our guide on how to make games without coding .

More resources

Unity for Games

Overview of Unity’s tools and services

Free learning resources from Unity

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2D vs 3D Animation: 10 Point Tabular Difference

If you can relate to this meme :

Then don’t fret, we’re here to help!

In a nutshell: The terms “2D” and “3D” refer to the dimensions. 

2D means an X and Y axis, like a photograph.

We'll let the Mona Lisa demonstrate this here. 

3D refers to three dimensions, X, Y, and a Z axis, which is how we experience the real world.

This Greek statue of David from the great Michaelangelo puts things into perspective.

Another quick way to think about this: The Mona Lisa is an example of 2D, while Michaelangelo’s sculpture of David is 3D.

The Mona Lisa is a depiction of a 3D real-world subject, but it’s rendered in 2D and frozen in place.

Meanwhile, you could walk around the David sculpture and see all sides of it.

The History of Animation

When it comes to animation, it’s important to understand its history and how animation actually works, before we get into the differences between 2D and 3D animation.

The history of animation is surprisingly complex and goes back long before the invention of the television or even the camera. Read more about it here . 

For example, the Phenakistoscope was the first real animation device dating back to around 1832, consisting of images on a spinning disc that create an optical illusion of animation:

So, animation, as we know it today, began with drawing numerous sketches of a cartoon character with slight subtle differences.

Stitching them together, and basically running the still images like a rapid slideshow, creating the illusion of movement and life.

3D animation , on the other hand, involves creating an entire virtual three-dimensional world, from the background to the characters, and then moving them around.

It’s done exclusively on banks of powerful computers.

Today, it’s the default way to create full-length animated movies , although 2D and other forms of animation still exist.

Each has its advantages and disadvantages.

Let’s explore further!

The Differences Between 2D & 3D Explained

It’s important to understand that 2D and 3D animation both have advantages and disadvantages.

One is not necessarily “better” than the other. 

So to that end, we’ve created this side-by-side comparison to help clear things up:

So we can see that both 2D and 3D have their own advantages and disadvantages.

3D offers more realism and flexibility but requires more work essentially building an entire world in 3D for almost every scene.

2D on the other hand, has a unique artistic charm that comes with hand-drawn art and is a tad more accessible to those on a tighter budget. 

Of course, this is by no means an exhaustive list, just touching on the basics to outline the differences between these two worlds. 

We hope this explanation makes things clearer. There’s a lot more to explore and learn.

Animation is simply too complex and fascinating an art form for any one single blog post to really cover well enough!

So while you’re here, do check out our other blog posts about animation and visual storytelling.

And never stop learning, dreaming, playing, and imagining!

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2D and 3D Shapes. What is a shape? A shape tells how an object looks on the outside.

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Presentation on theme: "2D and 3D Shapes. What is a shape? A shape tells how an object looks on the outside."— Presentation transcript:

Objective: To describe properties of solid shapes such as perpendicular and parallel lines, faces and edges.

Three-dimensional Shapes (3D)

Three-Dimensional Shapes

Characteristics of 3-D Shapes

Congruent Two shapes that are the same size and shape

Unit 4D:2-3 Dimensional Shapes LT5: I can identify three-dimensional figures. LT6: I can calculate the volume of a cube. LT7: I can calculate the surface.

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Solid Geometry.

3D shapes presentation Tatiana and Farah My Definition A 3D shape has a volume a height a width a length and stands out.

Volume of Rectangular Prisms

©A. Weinberg By Ms. Weinberg SOL ©A. Weinberg Let’s learn a bit about Geometry! Geometry is a part of Math that focuses on shapes and lines. Shapes.

 K.G.A.2 Geometry Identify and describe shapes (Squares, circles, triangles, rectangles, hexagons, cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres)

Objective: To describe properties 2 D shapes

Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?

Geometry The strand of math that deals with measurement and comparing figures, both plane and solid .

Attributes A quality that is characteristic of someone or something.

Two- and Three- Dimensional Figures

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2D vs 3D Drawings in Manufacturing: A Comprehensive Comparison

This article will delve deep into this topic, comparing these two design methodologies in the context of manufacturing.

The Basics: 2D Drawings in Manufacturing

Before 3D CAD software became commonplace, 2D drawings were the norm in the manufacturing industry. These drawings provide a simplified view of a product or part from two dimensions: height and width, neglecting the depth or thickness. 2D drawings , often represented as blueprints or schematics, contain crucial information such as dimensions, tolerances, and assembly instructions. They are typically created using software like AutoCAD.

These flat illustrations are instrumental in various manufacturing fields, such as sheet metal fabrication, CNC machining, and others. While they may lack the visual appeal and depth of detail that 3D models can offer, they carry their own unique set of advantages.

Table 1: Components of a typical 2D drawing

Despite the rapid progress in 3D modeling technology, 2D drawings continue to be widely used in the manufacturing industry, primarily due to their ease of use, simplicity, and wide acceptance.

The manufacturing industry has experienced significant transformations over time, largely driven by technological advancements. Among these innovations, the rise of computer-aided design (CAD) software has been pivotal in changing the dynamics of how engineers and designers create plans for parts and products. The introduction of CAD programs has increased the accuracy, efficiency, and complexity of designs, proving to be a game-changer. However, an ongoing debate persists regarding the use of 2D and 3D drawings in manufacturing and their respective impacts on production processes.

Before 3D CAD software became commonplace, 2D drawings were the norm in the manufacturing industry. These drawings provide a simplified view of a product or part from two dimensions: height and width, neglecting the depth or thickness. 2D drawings, often represented as blueprints or schematics, contain crucial information such as dimensions, tolerances, and assembly instructions. They are typically created using software like AutoCAD.

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Advantages and Limitations of 3D Drawings in Manufacturing

As technology advances, more and more manufacturers are adopting 3D drawings because of their numerous benefits. However, it’s also important to recognize their limitations.

Advantages of 3D Drawings

• Comprehensive Visualization : 3D drawings allow you to visualize the complete product in a way that is impossible with 2D drawings. You can rotate, zoom in and out, and examine the product from any angle.
• Accurate and Detailed : 3D drawings can represent complex geometries accurately and in detail. They can include intricate features and even depict internal structures.
• Easy Updates : Updating a 3D model is generally simpler than updating a 2D drawing. Any change made in one view is automatically reflected in all other views.

Despite these benefits, 3D drawings also have some drawbacks:

Limitations of 3D Drawings

• Learning Curve : The software used to create and modify 3D models can be complex and require significant training to use effectively.
• Software Compatibility : Not all CAD software programs are compatible, and converting models between different formats can sometimes lead to data loss or distortion.
• Computing Power : 3D models require significant computing power to create and view, especially for large or complex designs.

Table 3: Comparing the advantages and limitations of 3D drawings

Choosing Between 2D and 3D Drawings in Manufacturing

Now that we’ve discussed the ins and outs of both 2D and 3D drawings, the next logical question is: which should you choose? The answer isn’t as straightforward as you might think. It largely depends on the specific needs and constraints of your project.

Key Factors to Consider While Choosing between 2D and 3D

Several factors can influence the decision between using 2D or 3D drawings. Here are some key considerations:

• The complexity of the design : If the design is intricate and has a complex geometry, 3D drawings will be more beneficial. They allow for better visualization and avoid any potential confusion that could arise from interpreting multiple 2D views.
• Collaboration needs : If multiple stakeholders are involved in the design and manufacturing process, 3D drawings can enhance communication and collaboration. The interactive and realistic representation provided by 3D models allows everyone to have a better understanding of the design.
• Budget and time : 3D drawings require more advanced software and hardware, and can be more time-consuming to create and modify. On the other hand, while 2D drawings may be faster and cheaper to produce, they might require more time in the manufacturing stage due to possible interpretation errors.

The Future of 2D and 3D Drawings in Manufacturing

The constant evolution of technology is shaping the future of manufacturing drawings. While 2D drawings have served the industry well for many decades, the trend is moving towards 3D modeling due to the added value it brings.

• The Rise of 3D Modeling

With advancements in CAD software and the increased computational power of computers, 3D modeling is becoming more accessible and efficient. It offers a comprehensive understanding of the design, improves communication between stakeholders, and reduces errors in the manufacturing process.

3D modeling also plays a crucial role in digital manufacturing technologies, such as 3D printing and CNC machining. With a 3D model, these technologies can produce parts directly from the digital file, reducing the need for manual interpretation of drawings.

• The Continued Relevance of 2D Drawings

Despite the rise of 3D modeling, 2D drawings will continue to have a place in the manufacturing industry. They are simpler, easier to read, and don’t require as much computing power or technical expertise to use.

2D drawings also serve as a universal language in the manufacturing industry. They can be easily shared, understood, and used by manufacturers worldwide, irrespective of the technology or machinery they use.

Choosing between 2D and 3D drawings in manufacturing depends on various factors like the complexity of the design, collaboration needs, budget, and time constraints. While 3D drawings offer a more interactive and comprehensive understanding of the design, 2D drawings remain an efficient and universally understood medium.

At Prolean, we offer On-Demand Manufacturing Services that can work with both 2D and 3D drawings. We ensure quality and precision in the manufacturing of your parts, taking your designs from concept to reality.

What are the advantages of 3D drawings over 2D drawings?

3D drawings offer better visualization, more accurate representation of complex designs, better communication among stakeholders, and compatibility with digital manufacturing technologies.

Are 2D drawings still used in manufacturing?

Yes, 2D drawings continue to be widely used in the manufacturing industry due to their simplicity, ease of use, and universality.

Which is faster: creating a 2D drawing or a 3D model?

Creating a 2D drawing can be faster than creating a 3D model. However, the complexity of the design and the level of detail required can influence the time taken.

How does the choice between 2D and 3D drawings impact the manufacturing process?

The choice between 2D and 3D drawings can impact the ease of interpretation, the probability of errors, and the compatibility with manufacturing technology. While 2D drawings can sometimes lead to interpretation errors, they are universally understood. On the other hand, 3D models reduce interpretation errors and are directly compatible with digital manufacturing technologies.

Can I switch from 2D drawings to 3D modeling for my manufacturing process?

Yes, transitioning from 2D drawings to 3D modeling can be done. It may require some time and resources for training and acquiring the necessary software and hardware. Prolean can assist you in this transition process, ensuring a smooth shift.

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Pirates to call up Paul Skenes for MLB debut vs. Cubs

Tim Kurkjian breaks down why he believes Paul Skenes is ready to move up to the big leagues with the Pittsburgh Pirates. (1:54)

The Pittsburgh Pirates are calling up star prospect Paul Skenes , and the hard-throwing right-hander is expected to debut Saturday at PNC Park against the Chicago Cubs .

Considered the best pitching talent in a generation, 21-year-old Skenes will arrive in Pittsburgh after dominating Triple-A, allowing three earned runs in 27⅓ innings and striking out 45 batters.

After one of the finest seasons ever for a college pitcher, Skenes went to the Pirates with the No. 1 pick in the July 2023 draft and signed for $9.2 million, the largest bonus for an amateur in baseball history. Pittsburgh limited his workload after a taxing junior season at LSU in which he struck out 209 hitters and walked just 20 in 122⅔ innings while going 13-2 with a 1.69 ERA.

Although evaluators believed Skenes to be major-league-ready when Pittsburgh drafted him, the Pirates entered 2024 wanting to build him up slowly and avoid a potential midseason pullback on his innings. By limiting Skenes' pitch count in the minor leagues -- he hasn't thrown more than 75 pitches in a Triple-A start this year -- the Pirates hope he can join a rotation that also includes hard-throwing rookie Jared Jones for the remainder of the season.

How to handle elite pitching prospects has long been a mystery for front offices, particularly with the proliferation of arm injuries to hard-throwing starters this season. The two closest facsimiles to Skenes in terms of college production and major league readiness were Washington Nationals right-hander Stephen Strasburg and Cubs right-hander Mark Prior, both of whom were brilliant for flashes in the big leagues but ultimately had their careers shortened by arm injuries.

At 6-foot-6 and 235 pounds, Skenes assumes the mantle as the hardest-throwing starter in the game -- and perhaps the highest-velocity rotation member in baseball history. At Triple-A Indianapolis, Skenes' four-seam fastball has reached over 102.1 mph. He also mixed in a splinker -- a combination splitter and sinker thrown by Minnesota Twins closer Jhoan Duran -- at 95 mph, complemented it with a slider in the mid-to-high 80s, added a softer changeup that runs at 88 mph, and occasionally turned to a slower curve.

Although the Pirates currently occupy last place in the National League Central, that is due more to their hitting woes than to their strong set of arms. Few starters in the NL have been as impressive as 22-year-old Jones, and with Skenes joining veterans Mitch Keller , Martin Perez and Bailey Falter , the Pirates now have arguably the best rotation in the division.