essay on world heritage sites in india

Essay on Indian Heritage for Students and Children

500+ words essay on indian heritage.

Heritage means what we inherit from our ancestors and from our past. India is a land of varied cultures and traditions. People from numerous castes, religions, and creeds reside in our country. Each ethnic group in our country has its own tale of origin and its set of unique traditions and culture. They have all contributed to the making of Indian history and culture. Nature has made India into a distinct geographical entity.

Indian Heritage: A Gift from the Older Generations

Indian heritage and culture are vast and vivid because of the large number of religious groups residing in our country. Every community has its own set of customs and traditions which it passes on to its younger generation.

However, some of our customs and traditions remain the same throughout IndiaOur traditions teach us to inculcate good habits and make us a good human being. Our cultural heritage is thus a beautiful gift from our older generation that will help us become a better human being and build a harmonious society.

Respect for our Indian Heritage

The elders should take responsibility to invoke love for the Indian heritage in the younger generations. This must be done from the very beginning only then we can preserve our rich heritage. It is the duty of the elders to invoke love for the Indian heritage in the younger generations.

This must be done from the very beginning only then we can preserve our rich heritage. Schools must teach students about Indian heritage and how it has survived for centuries. They must also share the importance of preserving it. This would help in invoking a feeling of pride in them and they would be inspired to continue the tradition and also pass it on to the new generation. This needs a collective effort by the teachers as well as parents.

Our Literature

Indian literature is as rich as its culture. We have various books written on many topics since ancient times. We have the Vedic literature, epic Sanskrit literature, Classic Sanskrit literature and Pali literature among other kinds of Indian literature. Many of our books are being translated to other languages to provide access to a greater number of readers so that more and people can benefit from the knowledge. Such a wonderful and rich literature must be preserved at any cost.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Beautiful Geological Structures

Numerous beautiful geological structures found in different parts of India. Best of the splendid geological structures that form a part of our country include Lonar Crater Lake, Siachen Glacier, Jammu and Kashmir, Pillar Rocks, Kodaikanal, Barren Island, Andamans, Magnetic Hill, Leh, Columnar Basaltic Lava, Udupi, and Toad Rock. All these structures are true wonders of nature. A lot of tourists every year from around the world especially visit these places just to catch a glimpse of these marvelous creations of God.

UNESCO World Natural Heritage Sites in India

The below geological places have been enlisted in UNESCO World Natural Heritage Sites. These sites include:

1. Home for the rare one-horned rhinoceros, Kaziranga National Park, in 1985.

2. Home for numerous species of beautiful birds, Keoladeo National Park, in 1985.

3. A beautiful wildlife sanctuary, Manas Wildlife Sanctuary, in 1985.

4. The biggest mangrove forest, Sundarbans, in the year 1987.

5. Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Park, in 2004.

6. The Western Ghats, in 2012.

7. The Great Himalayan National Park was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the year 2014.

India is an ancient country. We are blessed with a beautiful heritage. We are solely responsible to preserve the same so that our future generations also get to see and experience the same.

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• Essay on Indian Heritage

English Essay on Indian Heritage

An introduction.

This article helps you in getting a gist of how to go about writing an essay on Indian heritage. So, continue reading to have a gist of various points on writing an essay on Indian Heritage.

The Indian Heritage

Indian heritage dates back several centuries. It is vast and vibrant. Flora and fauna, music, architecture, classical dance, and the innate secular philosophy of its people are the highlights of India's treasure. Ever since the beginning, we have preserved culture and tradition beautifully for our upcoming generations. We can never forget our tradition and culture as they are embedded in us and are an inseparable part of our lives no matter how far we plan to reach and how much we have progressed in all these years.

In India, people from numerous religious castes and creeds reside in the same country and so it is the land of diversified cultures and traditions. Each religion and caste has its own traditions and Customs. Each religious group follows the culture and has a deep unwavering faith and underlying roots.

Every religion has its own set of music, dance forms, festivals, and several other forms of art that have their own charming essence. Our respect towards our culture is equally divided in the culture and tradition of other religions as well, which is the reason for the survival of the vivid Indian heritage for centuries.

We take pride in our heritage and we also have a magnification of monumental Heritage. Most of the beautiful edifices exhibit a royal past that was built by the rulers and still stands tall.

Unity in Diversity

‘Unity in diversity’ - this depicts India very well. Thus the range of Indian heritage is also quite vast. As the number of religions is quite innumerable in India so does the diversity and so does the heritage sites. One will find various historical heritage sites in every corner of India (basically every state). These heritage sites are built decades ago and still stand alive with all the significance. These historical monuments and sites are proof of how India witnessed the footsteps of various religions, various dynasties, and traditions.

Below is a long and short essay on Indian culture and heritage that covers the richness of Indian traditions and the significance of the heritage sites.

Long and Short Essay on Indian Heritage

Sometimes we often stumble around to write an essay on any topic no irrespective of its difficulty level. Keeping that in mind, we have provided a few sample essays of Indian Heritage. These will help you to understand the structure of an essay and how to write it well during the exam.

Long Essay on Indian Culture and Heritage

If you get a question that reads ‘write an essay on Indian Heritage and Culture’, you must not be worried because you can now prepare yourself for the examination.

India is renowned for its rich history. From north to south, from east to west, every corner of India has its own story. Almost every state of India has one or more special Indian heritage sites which have now become the attractions of tourists. Some of the sites are so significant and ancient in world history that the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has recognized them as world heritage sites. These sites have immense historical and cultural significance in today’s date.

Various Architectural Sites

Among all the Indian heritage, architectural sites are the treat to the eyes of travelers from all over the world. Besides, Indians’ love for its rich history keeps these heritage sites alive. It is the duty of the older generations to invoke the same love and respect for these sites. They shall learn the significance and keep their willingness to preserve the heritage for future generations.

There are so many architectural gems lying around surrounding us.

Starting from Ajanta Ellora caves to Khajuraho to Hampi, all these sites are really marvellous. These hold immense value to the Indian tourism industry. Many people’s lives revolve around these. Some other names which deserve to be mentioned are Taj Mahal, Lal Kila, Qutub Minar, Fatehpur Sikri, Bhulbhulaiya, etc.

UNESCO World Heritage Sites

Heritage sites don’t necessarily mean only historical monuments or sites, it also includes various forests, temples, churches, etc. India has a total of 38 total UNESCO world heritage sites i.e. 30 sites are cultural sites, 7 are natural sites and 1 is from mixed-criteria sites. Below are some of the world heritage sites in India recognized by UNESCO.

Ajanta Caves in India (Maharashtra)

Ellora Caves in India (Maharashtra)

Agra Fort in India (Uttar Pradesh)

Taj Mahal in India (Uttar Pradesh)

Sun Temple in India (Orissa)

Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram in India

Kaziranga National Park in India

Manas Wildlife Sanctuary in India

Churches and convents in Goa

Khajuraho in India

Hampi in India

Bodh Gaya in India

Red Fort in India

Sanchi in India

Chola Temples in India

Short Essay on Indian Heritage

It might not be easy to write a 100 words essay on Indian heritage, which is why we have provided a sample essay for the same below. Give it a read.

Indian history is as rich as its culture. If we look at the architectural marvels of the heritage sites such as Hampi, Khajuraho, Taj Mahal, Lal Kila, Qutub Minar, Fatehpur Sikri, Bhulbhulaiya, these still hold immense significance in terms of their marvelous art, engineering, construction, and labor behind each site. There are many ancient and historical monuments that stand alive. Some of them took literally one decade to hundred years to be built properly. Such beautiful heritage sites are very rarely seen these days if we talk about modern-day architecture.

Hence, as responsible citizens, it is our duty to take care of these Indian heritage sites and monuments so that these could be preserved and witnessed by our future generations as well.

India is one of the world’s oldest countries which is deeply rooted in the ancient history of human civilization. Hence these heritage sites still remain perfectly preserved to date. Hence it is our responsibility as a citizen of India to preserve these beautiful monuments for our future generations.

Our various art forms, literature monuments, tradition, and culture forms a part of our heritage. These works have been appreciated worldwide. We should be proud of such a vivacious culture that prevails in our country. India's natural heritage invokes a sense of pride in each and every citizen of this country. The diversity adds beauty and richness to this country.

FAQs on Essay on Indian Heritage

1. Name a Few UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India.

There are 38 total UNESCO world heritage sites in India i.e. 30 sites are cultural sites, seven are natural sites and one is mixed-criteria sites. A few names are - Ajanta Caves in India (Maharashtra), Ellora Caves in India (Maharashtra), Agra Fort in India (Uttar Pradesh), Taj Mahal in India (Uttar Pradesh), Sun Temple in India (Orissa), Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram in India, Kaziranga National Park in India, Khajuraho in India, Hampi in India, Chola Temples in India.

2. How to Write an Essay on Indian Heritage and Culture Easily?

With the help of the internet, it is very easy to write essays these days. Here are many sample essays on Indian heritage and culture easily available online. You can visit any renowned ed-tech portal to get access to such samples.

3. What is the Indian heritage?

It is an all-embracing confluence of traditions, customs, and religions. It is one of the world's oldest civilizations. Indian cotton textiles, the ethnicity of jewellery, the richness of silk, handiwork, and everything from ancient times still prevail and is kept alive generation after generation. Indian food is a part of Indian Heritage and is a legacy differing in taste and look in every state of the country.

4. What is the importance of our Indian heritage?

The heritage of our country provides evidence of evolution and our past. It helps us to develop an awareness of ourselves and examine our traditions and history. It helps us to explain and understand the reason for the way we are. Our heritage plays an important role in our business, society, worldview, and politics and is a keystone of our culture. It inspires, influences, and informs policy and public debate directly and indirectly.

5. Why is preserving our heritage important?

Heritage is fragile, it delivers so much in terms of enjoyment and important human experience. It allows us to define ourselves and enriches our lives but also needs consistent development and protection. The acknowledgment of the significance of our heritage is essential to be recognized by the government and reflected in inappropriate and reformed structures and increased funding. This ensures that the most suitable elements are passed on to our children and eventually to their future generations as well.

6. What is UNESCO?

The United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization encourages the preservation, protection, and identification of the natural heritage around the world and is considered to be of outstanding value to humanity. The international treaty called the Convention is concerned with the protection of the world’s cultural and natural heritage which was adopted by UNESCO in 1972.

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• School Education /

Essay on Indian Heritage for Students 

• Updated on  
• Feb 3, 2024

Essay on Indian Heritage: Writing essays are important to develop effective communication skills and ideas to express our thoughts. This writing helps students develop writing skills, nurtures creativity, and prepares them for challenging tasks. 

India is a country with a rich cultural heritage. The richness of history dates back thousands of years, and its remains, such as ancient monuments, art, music, dance, and spiritual traditions, make the country unique. If you want to enhance your skills more comprehensively, let us start with today’s topic Essay on Indian Heritage for Students, which will help you analyze and interpret the gathered information. 

Master the art of essay writing with our blog on How to Write an Essay in English .

Table of Contents

• 1 Important features of Indian Heritage
• 2 Essay on Indian Heritage 150 words
• 3 Essay on Indian Heritage 300 words
• 4 10 Lines on Indian Heritage 

Important features of Indian Heritage

‘India is a land of diverse cultures, with multiple religions, languages, and social customs flourishing at the same time. The key aspects of Indian heritage include the beautiful architecture of the Taj Mahal and ancient Hindu temples. 

Furthermore, classical music, which is another form of art like Carnatic music and Bharatnatyam, yoga and meditation, practices of Ayurveda,  festivals like Holi and Diwali, which are celebrated across the country, and Indian languages such as Hindi, Tamil, and Sanskrit all include the key aspects of Indian culture. The vibrant Indian culture and diversity help protect as well as nourish these invaluable assets.’

Also Read: Career in Cultural Tourism

Essay on Indian Heritage 150 words

‘India has a rich cultural legacy. The graceful history spans thousands of years. Some important key aspects of Indian heritage include history, architecture, religion, and even the caste system. India´s ancient architectural heritage includes temples, forts, mosques, and palaces, which display the beautiful craftsmanship of the artisans. 

One of the examples of such remarkable engineering is the Iron Pillar of Delhi, which has been standing still with corrosion for centuries. It is important to know that India´s history also includes ancient empires and colonialism. Presently, we, the Indians, are the world´s largest democracy, with incredible diversity following major religions such as Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism, Christianity, and more. 

Among the societies, the caste system played a vital role in influencing the social structure. India, the country that has 42 world heritage sites, including the Taj Mahal, which reflects community harmony and richness, makes the country´s heritage truly unique.

Also Read: World Heritage Day 2023: Theme, History, Significance

Essay on Indian Heritage 300 words

‘India´s heritage is a reflection of its amazing culture. that dates back more than 5000 years. A long span suggests a deep as well as persistent culture that evolves in various aspects, such as art, language, customs, and values.

Apart from the culture, some other important aspects of Indian heritage include ancient culture, engineering, present-day diversity in religion, and caste. The beautiful architecture of India demonstrates advanced as well as complex methods of technique and craftsmanship. Hindu temples with ornate stones, forts with Goconda and Amber, and grand and expensive palaces like Mysore are typical examples of splendid architecture. Further, the step-wells of Gujrat, the rock-cut caves of Ajanta and Ellora, Sanchi Stupa, and Victoria Memorial are excellent examples of both craftsmanship and traditional culture.

Apart from the beautiful monuments, the history of major empires also adds beauty to India´s heritage. The empires of the Mauryas, Mughals, and Ashokas witnessed remarkable progress. During the Mughal Empire, the most prominent emperor, Akbar, shared an era of tolerance in Indian history. But later, the colonisation of Britishers in India deteriorated many beautiful and historic sites like the Copper Temple in Arunachal Pradesh and Kos Minar in Haryana.

Beautiful concepts of architecture, impressive monuments, and faith in religion are the strengths of India´s heritage. The unity in diversity of religions such as Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism, Christianity, Buddhism, and Jainism has all contributed to shaping the culture of India.

In conclusion, we can say that India´s rich cultural heritage, which goes back thousands of years, consists of a beautiful mix of impressive buildings, different historical periods, and many religions. Though there were many difficulties along the way, the Indian heritage shows how values and traditions help in growing with positive change.

10 Lines on Indian Heritage 

India’s heritage is the oldest civilization and is unique in all its ways. Let us understand Indian heritage shortly and simply:

1. India has a rich cultural heritage that is thousands of years old.

2. It is believed that Indian culture is among the world’s oldest cultures.

3. The three important factors in Indian tradition and culture are geography, weather, and people.

4. India is known for its unique traditions, languages, religions, dance, music, and likewise.

5. Yoga, Ayurveda, and medicine are other key aspects that add beauty to its Indian heritage.

6. Indian dance forms like Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Odissi, and Kuchipudi give colour to India.

7. India’s heritage is the source of inspiration for many other cultures.

8. The people of India have different castes, religions, and cultures.

9. Unity in the diversity of Indian culture makes the heritage proud as well as unique.

10. Indian heritage is a matter of pride and celebration for all Indians.

Also Read: UNESCO World Heritage Site

The Indian heritage consists of different traditions, art, architecture, religions and languages. It also includes ancient scriptures and classical arts.

The glorious past of Indian heritage and the present sense of identity and continuity are the two main importance of heritage in India. 

To write an essay on the heritage of a country tell about the glorious past of the culture, its impact on the country, and how other socially important things added to the heritage. 

Ajanta Caves are India´s first heritage designated by UNESCO. 

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This was all about an essay on Indian culture for school students. If you have any queries regarding school education or any academic programmes, visit our essay writing page and follow Leverage Edu.

Deepika Joshi

Deepika Joshi is an experienced content writer with expertise in creating educational and informative content. She has a year of experience writing content for speeches, essays, NCERT, study abroad and EdTech SaaS. Her strengths lie in conducting thorough research and ananlysis to provide accurate and up-to-date information to readers. She enjoys staying updated on new skills and knowledge, particulary in education domain. In her free time, she loves to read articles, and blogs with related to her field to further expand her expertise. In personal life, she loves creative writing and aspire to connect with innovative people who have fresh ideas to offer.

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Unesco social media, group of monuments at hampi.

• Description

The austere, grandiose site of Hampi was the last capital of the last great Hindu Kingdom of Vijayanagar. Its fabulously rich princes built Dravidian temples and palaces which won the admiration of travellers between the 14th and 16th centuries. Conquered by the Deccan Muslim confederacy in 1565, the city was pillaged over a period of six months before being abandoned.

Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

Ensemble monumental de Hampi

Hampi est le site, austère et grandiose, de la dernière capitale du dernier grand royaume hindou de Vijayanagar, dont les princes extrêmement riches firent édifier des temples dravidiens et des palais qui firent l'admiration des voyageurs entre le XIV e et le XVI e siècle. Conquise par la Confédération islamique du Deccan en 1565, la ville fut livrée au pillage pendant six mois, puis abandonnée.

مجمّع النصب في هامبي

هامبي هو الموقع المُهيب والفخم لآخر عاصمة للمملكة الهندوسية الكبيرة الأخيرة فيجايانجار التي شيّد فيها الأمراء الأثرياء معابد دراويدية وقصوراً كانت محطّ إعجاب المسافرين بين القرن الرابع عشر والقرن السادس عشر. وبعدما هاجمها الاتحاد الإسلامي من دِكان عام 1565 تعرضت المدينة للسلب والنهب لفترة ستة أشهر ثم تركت.

source: UNESCO/CPE Description is available under license CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0

宏伟庄严的汉皮遗址是印度最后一个王朝查耶那加尔帝国最后的首都。14世纪至16世纪期间，富可敌国的王子们建造许多德拉威庙宇和富丽堂皇的宫殿，它们至今仍吸引着世界各地的旅行者。1565年亨比被穆斯林攻占，抢掠达6个月之久，最终城市被洗劫一空，毁于一旦。

Conjunto monumental de Hampi

Sitio austero y grandioso a la vez, Hampi fue el lugar donde estaba emplazada la capital del último gran reino hindú gobernado por la dinastía de los Vijayanagar. Estos soberanos, fabulosamente ricos, hicieron edificar templos dravidianos y palacios que causaron la admiración de los viajeros acudidos de todas partes entre los siglos XIV y XVI. Conquistada por la Confederación Islámica del Decán en 1565, la ciudad fue entregada al saqueo durante seis meses y luego fue abandonada.

source: NFUAJ

Monumentengroep van Hampi

De monumenten in Hampi vormen de (restanten van de) laatste hoofdstad van het laatste grote Hindoe Koninkrijk Vijayanagar. De fabelachtig rijke prinsen bouwden Dravidische tempels en paleizen die de bewondering won van reizigers tussen de 14e en 16e eeuw. In 1565 werd de stad veroverd door de Deccan islamitische confederatie en zes maanden lang geplunderd, om daarna verlaten te worden. Hampi is een eerbetoon aan de verdwenen beschaving van het koninkrijk van Vijayanagar, die haar hoogtepunt bereikte onder het bewind van Krishna Deva Raya (1509-1530). Verrijkt door de katoenhandel en handel in specerijen was Hampi één van de mooiste steden van de middeleeuwse wereld.

Source: unesco.nl

हम्पी में स्मारकों का समूह

हम्पी का सादगीपूर्व भव्य स्थल विजयनगर के अंतिम महान हिंदू साम्राज्य की अंतिम राजधानी थी। इसके अत्‍यंत समृद्ध राजकुमारों ने द्रविड़ मंदिरों और महलों का निर्माण किया, जिनको  14वीं और 16वीं शताब्दी के बीच यात्रियों द्वारा अत्‍यंत प्रशंसा मिली। 1565 में डेक्कन मुस्लिम संघ द्वारा इस पर कब्‍जा कर लिया गया, उन्‍होंने शहर छोड़ने से पहले छह महीने तक वहां लूटपाट की।

Source: India

Outstanding Universal Value

Brief synthesis

The austere and grandiose site of Hampi comprise mainly the remnants of the Capital City of Vijayanagara Empire (14th-16th Cent CE), the last great Hindu Kingdom. The property encompasses an area of 4187, 24 hectares, located in the Tungabhadra basin in Central Karnataka, Bellary District.

Hampi’s spectacular setting is dominated by river Tungabhadra, craggy hill ranges and open plains, with widespread physical remains. The sophistication of the varied urban, royal and sacred systems is evident from the more than 1600 surviving remains that include forts, riverside features, royal and sacred complexes, temples, shrines, pillared halls, Mandapas, memorial structures, gateways, defence check posts, stables, water structures, etc.

Among these, the Krishna temple complex, Narasimha, Ganesa, Hemakuta group of temples, Achyutaraya temple complex, Vitthala temple complex, Pattabhirama temple complex, Lotus Mahal complex, can be highlighted. Suburban townships (puras) surrounded the large Dravidian temple complexes containing subsidiary shrines, bazaars, residential areas and tanks applying the unique hydraulic technologies and skilfully and harmoniously integrating the town and defence architecture with surrounding landscape. The remains unearthed in the site delineate both the extent of the economic prosperity and political status that once existed indicating a highly developed society.

Dravidian architecture flourished under the Vijayanagara Empire and its ultimate form is characterised by their massive dimensions, cloistered enclosures, and lofty towers over the entrances encased by decorated pillars.

The Vitthla temple is the most exquisitely ornate structure on the site and represents the culmination of Vijayanagara temple architecture. It is a fully developed temple with associated buildings like Kalyana Mandapa and Utsava Mandapa within a cloistered enclosure pierced with three entrance Gopurams. In addition to the typical spaces present in contemporary temples, it boasts of a Garuda shrine fashioned as a granite ratha and a grand bazaar street. This complex also has a large Pushkarani (stepped tank) with a Vasantotsava mandapa (ceremonial pavilion at the centre), wells and a network of water channels.

Another unique feature of temples at Hampi is the wide Chariot streets flanked by the rows of Pillared Mandapas, introduced when chariot festivals became an integral part of the rituals. The stone chariot in front of the temple is also testimony to its religious ritual. Most of the structures at Hampi are constructed from local granite, burnt bricks and lime mortar. The stone masonry and lantern roofed post and lintel system were the most favoured construction technique. The massive fortification walls have irregular cut size stones with paper joints by filling the core with rubble masonry without any binding material. The gopuras over the entrances and the sanctum proper have been constructed with stone and brick. The roofs have been laid with the heavy thick granite slabs covered with a water proof course of brick jelly and lime mortar.

Vijayanagara architecture is also known for its adoption of elements of Indo Islamic Architecture in secular buildings like the Queen’s Bath and the Elephant Stables, representing a highly evolved multi-religious and multi-ethnic society.Building activity in Hampi continued over a period of 200 years reflecting the evolution in the religious and political scenario as well as the advancements in art and architecture. The city rose to metropolitan proportions and is immortalized in the words of many foreign travellers as one of the most beautiful cities. The Battle of Talikota (1565 CE) led to a massive destruction of its physical fabric.

Dravidian architecture survives in the rest of Southern India spread through the patronage of the Vijayanagara rulers. The Raya Gopura, introduced first in the temples attributed to Raja Krishna Deva Raya, is a landmark all over South India.

Criterion (i) :         The remarkable integration between the planned and defended city of Hampi with its exemplary temple architecture and its spectacular natural setting  represent a unique artistic creation.

Criterion (iii) : The city bears exceptional testimony to the vanished civilization of the kingdom of Vijayanagara, which reached its apogee under the reign of Krishna Deva Raya (1509-1530).

Criterion (iv): This capital offers an outstanding example of a type of structure which illustrates a significant historical situation: that of the destruction of the Vijayanagara kingdom at the Battle of Talikota (1565 CE) which left behind an ensemble of living temples, magnificent archaeological remains in the form of elaborate sacred, royal, civil and military structures as well as traces of its rich lifestyle, all integrated within its natural setting.

The area of the property is adequate to accommodate, represent and protect all the key attributes of the site.

The majority of the monuments are in good state of preservation and conservation. The highly developed and extremely sophisticated settlement articulates architectural manifestations, agricultural activities, irrigation systems, formal and informal paths, boulders and rocks, religious and social expressions. However, maintaining these conditions of integrity poses significant challenges derived mainly from pressures associated with  development, planned and unplanned, which pose a threat to the landscape of the property, as well as encroachments and changes in land use, especially increased agricultural activity of commercial crops that might threaten the physical stability of the diverse monuments.

Particular attention will need to be placed on regulating residential constructions and potential development to accommodate visitor use, as well as infrastructure to address communication needs, particular by pass roads. Addressing also the visual impact of modern electrification fixtures, telephone poles and other elements, will also be important to maintain the integrity of the property.

Authenticity

The attributes like strategic location and abundance of natural resources, rendering this spectacular landscape befit for a Capital City have been maintained in the property.

The authenticity of the site has been maintained in terms of location and setting, as the original setting comprising of river Tungabhadra and boulders is fully retained. In terms of form and function, the integration of the geographic setting with man-made features in the design and functional layout of the entire capital can still be discerned and the form of the original city planning with suburban pattern is evident. The largely untouched archaeological elements provide ample evidences of authentic materials and construction and interventions have maintained qualities when undertaken. The stages of evolution and perfection of the Vijayanagara Architecture are evident in the monumental structures As for traditions and techniques; the physical remains are a befitting tribute to the ingenuity of the builders in shaping the metropolis of this grand scale by utilizing locally available material, traditional knowledge system and skilled craftsmanship. Today there is a continuity of several religious rituals, associations, traditional skills and occupations within the society that have been maintained.

However, the destruction by the battle of Talikota and the passage of time have led to some of the original functions and traditions becoming obsolete and altered, while several are in continuum forming an integral part of the site like festivals, temple rituals, pilgrimage, agriculture, etc. The Virupaksha temple is in constant worship, this has led to many additions and alterations to different parts of temple complex. Similarly, the haphazard growth of modern shops, restaurants in and around it and its bazaar that caters to religious and social tourists has impacted adversely on its setting as has the asphalting of the roads over the ancient pathway in front of the Virupaksha temple. The tensions between modern uses and protecting the fabric and setting of the ancient remains need to be managed with the utmost sensitivity.

Protection and management requirements

Different legal instruments exist for the protection of the property, including the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Remains and Sites Act, 1958 (AMASR Act, 1958), AMASR (Amendment and Validation) Act, 2010 and Rules 1959 of the Government of India and Karnataka Ancient and Historical Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1961. Recently, the Draft (Bill) of Hampi World Heritage Area Management Authority Act, 2001 has been framed to look after the protection and management of the 4187,24 hectares of the World Heritage Area.

There are different levels of authorities and agencies that have mandates that influence the protection and management of the property under a diversity of Acts. The Government of India, the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) and the Government of Karnataka are responsible for the protection and management of fifty-six Nationally Protected Monuments and the rest of the area covered by 46.8 sq. kms respectively under their respective legal provisions. The ASI has established site office at Kamalapuram to manage the Centrally Protected Monuments. It is also functioning as World Heritage Site Co-ordinator at the local level and district level interacting with various local self Government and district authorities and the Hampi Development Authority for preserving the values of the property. The regional level office at Bangalore, which co-ordinates with Directorate, ASI, New Delhi and concerned agencies of the Government of Karnataka at higher level, supports the ASI site office at Kamalapur.

Office of the Director General, ASI, New Delhi office is a national apex body coordinating with UNESCO on one hand and the regional offices under whose jurisdiction the World Heritage Property falls and also the highest authorities of the Government of Karnataka on the other. The DAM has its office at Mysore and local office at Hampi. The HUDA, HWHAMA, Town Planning and other district level authorities are located in Hospet and Bellary, which is also the Head Quarters of the Deputy Commissioner. The management of other aspects of the property such as the cultural landscape, living traditions, rest with State, Town, Municipal and Village level agencies.

The constitution of a single heritage authority, Hampi World Heritage Area Management Authority (HWHAMA) ensure the effectiveness of the management system and coordination of works from different agencies while allowing local self Government authorities to continue to exercise the powers as enlisted in the respective Acts. The final powers for approving and regulating any developmental activities in the property rest with the HWHAMA. The establishment of the Integrated Information Management Centre and initiation of the Joint Heritage Management Program are major steps towards effective protection and management within the Indian legal frame work.

The present perspective acknowledges its diverse attributes and complex cultural systems. The management framework visualizes the site in its entirety where heritage management is the first priority followed by human resource development, which elevates the economic status. The implementation of the Integrated Management Plan aims at value-based management and ensures safeguarding of the outstanding universal value of the property.

Specific long, mid and short term goals for ensuring effective management of the property have been identified and their implementation processes are in various stages. The periodic review and update of management tools including the Master Plan, the Base Map on the GIS platform, the Conservation Plan, the Risk Preparedness Plan, the Public Use plan, and other tools to ensure sustainable development of the local community and also reduce the risk from natural and human made disaster in different areas of the property, is critical to ensure the sustainability of the management system. Long-term goals include internal capacity building and adoption of a new systematic approach where actions are coordinated and participatory. Sustained funding will be essential to ensure an operational system and the allocation of resources for the implementation of projects for the conservation and management of the diverse elements of the property. 

• Archaeological Survey of India (Government of India)
• The Official Website of Ministry of Tourism

List of World Heritage in Danger

Inscription Year on the List of World Heritage in Danger

The Nomination files produced by the States Parties are published by the World Heritage Centre at its website and/or in working documents in order to ensure transparency, access to information and to facilitate the preparations of comparative analysis by other nominating States Parties.

The sole responsibility for the content of each Nomination file lies with the State Party concerned. The publication of the Nomination file does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever of the World Heritage Committee or of the Secretariat of UNESCO concerning the history or legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its boundaries.

State of Conservation (SOC)

UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India: Historical, Cultural, and Natural Wonders l List of 42 Sites with Facts

UNESCO World Heritage Site  is a status given to a place that has remarkably unique cultural, physical and natural wonders. UNESCO World Heritage Site  is recognized by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and is considered to have an outstanding value to humans and humanity. UNESCO always encourages worldwide dialogue, maintenance and identification of heritage sites. This was symbolised by the Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, which UNESCO adopted in 1972. The total number of World Heritage Sites in India   is 42.  India is home to 42 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, renowned for their historical, cultural and natural impact. Some of the famous  UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India include the Taj Mahal (which is an iconic symbol of love and one of the most visited tourist attractions in the world), Ajanta and Ellora Caves. (a group of ancient rock-cut temples and monasteries showcasing India’s rich religious and artistic heritage) and the Red Fort Complex, a wonderful palace complex in the heart of Old Delhi that was once the centre of Mughal power. The list of World Heritage Sites in India is as follows:

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UNESCO Natural World Heritage Sites

Unesco cultural world heritage sites, unesco mixed world heritage sites, important facts about unesco world heritage sites in india.

1. Agra Fort: – It is a 16th-century Mughal Monument known as the Red Fort of Agra. – Jahangir Palace and the Khas Mahal built by Shah Jahan are part of Agra Fort.

2. Ajanta Caves: – These are rock-cut caves. – There are a total of 29 caves.

3. Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara at Nalanda: – Nalanda is the most ancient university in India. – The archaeological remains of a monastic and scholastic institution dating from the 3rd century BCE to the 13th century CE are found here.

4. Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi: – Monolithic pillars, palaces, temples, and monasteries are part of it. – It is considered the oldest Buddhist Sanctuary in existence.

5. Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park: – Unexcavated archaeological, historic, and living cultural heritage properties are part of it. – Structures built between the 8th and 14th centuries like fortifications, palaces, religious buildings, residential precincts, agricultural structures, and water installations are found here.

6. Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus: – The former name of CST was Victoria Terminus. – It represents the Victorian Gothic Revival architecture in India.

7. Churches and Convents of Goa: – These churches signify the evangelization of Asia. – They were built during the Portuguese colonial period.

8. Elephanta Caves: – Gharapuri Caves is the local name of Elephanta Caves. – There are seven caves.

9. Ellora Caves: – There are 34 monasteries and temples carved out of the solid rock.

10. Fatehpur Sikri: – Mughal Emperor Akbar built it. – Jama Masjid is a part of it.

11. Great Living Chola Temples: – It includes temples like the Brihadisvara Temple at Thanjavur, the Brihadisvara Temple at Gangaikondacholisvaram, and the Airavatesvara Temple at Darasuram.

12. Group of Monuments at Hampi: – Hampi served as the last capital of the Vijayanagar Empire.

13. Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram: – The group is best known for Rathas, Mandapas, Giant open-air reliefs, etc.

14. Group of Monuments at Pattadakal: – The monuments represent the Chalukyan art. – Hindu temples and Jain sanctuary are part of it.

15. Hill Forts of Rajasthan: – Chittorgarh, Kumbhalgarh, Sawai Madhopur, Jhalawar, Jaipur, and Jaisalmer forts are part of these hill forts.

16. Historic City of Ahmadabad: – Sultan Ahmad Shah founded the walled city in the 15th Century. – It showcases the fusion of Hindu, Islamic, and Jain influences in architecture.

17. Humayun’s Tomb: – It was built in 1570. – It stands as the first garden tomb in the Indian subcontinent.

18. Jaipur City: – Sawai Jai Singh-II founded the city in 1727. – It is known for its planned architecture and vibrant culture.

19. Khajuraho Group of Monuments: – It contains Chandela Dynasty-built temples. – Hinduism and Jainism are two religions to which temples are dedicated.

20. Mahabodhi Temple Complex: – It is one of the four holy sites related to the Buddha’s life. – The temple complex includes the famous Bodhi Tree under which Buddha attained enlightenment.

21. Mountain Railways of India: – Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, Nilgiri Mountain Railway, and Kalka Shimla Railway are part of this site. – These railways are known for their scenic routes and engineering marvels.

22. Qutb Minar and its Monuments: – Qutb Minar was built in the 13th century. – It is the tallest brick minaret in the world.

23. Rani-ki-Vav (the Queen’s Stepwell): – It stands on the banks of Saraswati River. – It is an intricately constructed stepwell dating back to the 11th century CE.

24. Red Fort Complex: – It was built as the palace fort of Shah Jahan’s capital Shah Jahanabad. – Salimgarh Fort is a part of this complex.

25. Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka: – Discovered by archaeologist Dr. V. S. Wakankar in 1957-58. – The site showcases prehistoric rock art and shelters dating back to the Paleolithic period.

26. Sun Temple: – King Narasimhadeva I built this in the 13th Century. – It represents the Kalinga architecture.

27. Taj Mahal: – Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan built Taj Mahal in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal. – It stands as an iconic symbol of love and Mughal architecture.

28. The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement: – There are 17 sites on three continents. – Complexe du Capitole in Chandigarh, India is a part of this.

29. The Jantar Mantar: – Rajput king Sawai Jai Singh II built the astronomical observatories. – These observatories are renowned for their architectural and astronomical significance.

30. Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles of Mumbai: – These ensembles represent the 19th and 20th-century architectural styles in Mumbai. – The collection includes public buildings and private residences.

31. Great Himalayan National Park-Conservation Area: – Located in Himachal Pradesh, it is known for its biodiversity and scenic landscapes. – It is home to rare and endangered species like the Snow Leopard and Western Tragopan.

32. Kaziranga National Park: – Located in Assam, it is famous for its population of Indian Rhinoceros. – It is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Danger due to threats from poaching and habitat loss.

33. Keoladeo National Park: – Formerly known as Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, it is a haven for migratory birds. – It is one of the most important bird breeding and feeding grounds in the world.

34. Manas Wildlife Sanctuary: – It is located in Assam and is known for its biodiversity. – It is a Tiger Reserve and Biosphere Reserve.

35. Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks: – Nanda Devi West is the second-highest mountain in India. – The Valley of Flowers is known for its diverse flora and fauna.

36. Sundarbans National Park: – It forms part of the world’s largest delta formed by the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna rivers. – It is home to the Bengal Tiger and other endangered species.

37. Western Ghats: – These mountain ranges are one of the world’s eight hottest biodiversity hotspots. – They are home to a rich diversity of flora and fauna, including many endemic species.

38. Khangchendzonga National Park: – Mount Khangchendzonga is the world’s third-highest peak. – The park is home to a diverse range of flora and fauna.

39. Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple: – Built in the 13th century CE, the temple is a Kakatiyan marvel made of sandstone. – It is known for its intricate carvings and distinctive architectural style.

40. Dholavira: – Discovered by archaeologist Jagat Pati Joshi in 1968, Dholavira is an ancient city in the Kutch district of Gujarat. – It was one of the largest cities of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization.

41. Santiniketan: – Founded by Rabindranath Tagore, Santiniketan is located in West Bengal’s Birbhum district. – It is known for its emphasis on education, arts, and culture.

42. Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas: – These temples are located in Belur, Halebidu, and Somanathapura in Karnataka. – They are known for their intricate carvings and architectural grandeur.

These UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India represent the rich cultural, historical, and natural heritage of the country. Each site has its own unique significance and contributes to India’s diverse cultural landscape.  

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Table of Contents

Essay on Indian Heritage in English for Students and Children

Table of Contents

Essay on Indian Heritage: Heritage refers to the valuable legacy passed down to us by our forebears and our history. India boasts a rich tapestry of diverse cultures and customs. Our nation is home to people from various backgrounds, including different castes, religions, and beliefs. Each community in our country has its own unique history, traditions, and way of life.

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Indian Heritage in English – Long and Short Essay

Here we have provided short and long essays on Indian Heritage of varying lengths to help you with the topic in your exam.

After reading these short and long Indian heritage essays, you will know what Indian heritage is and how significant it is to the country and its pupil.

You can select any Indian Heritage Essay per your need and interest and use it during the essay, speech giving, or debate competition in your school or college.

Short Essay on Indian Heritage – Essay 1 (200 words)

Indian heritage dates back several centuries. It is vast and vibrant. We have valued our culture and tradition since the beginning and have preserved them beautifully for future generations. Our cultural heritage is of utmost importance to us. No matter how much we have progressed and how far we plan to reach, we can never forget our culture and traditions as they are embedded in us and are an inseparable part of ours.

India is a land of varied cultures and traditions. People from numerous castes, religions, and creeds reside in our country. Each of these castes and religions has its own customs and traditions. The culture followed by every religious group has deep underlying roots and is followed with unwavering faith.

Each religion has its own set of festivals, dance forms, music, and various other art forms, and each of these has its own charm. The beauty of our culture is that we not only have respect for our heritage but also show respect for other religions. This is the reason why the vivid Indian heritage has survived for centuries.

Besides, we also have a magnificent monumental heritage. Most of the beautiful edifices built by the past rulers still stand tall and exhibit our royal past. We take pride in our heritage.

Essay on Indian Heritage and Culture – Essay 2 (300 words)

India is a culturally rich country. People from different religions, castes, and ethnic groups reside in our country, adding to its vibrancy and diversity. Each ethnic group in our country has its tale of origin and set of unique traditions and cultures.

Indian Customs and Traditions

Indian customs and traditions encourage us to stay humble, respect others and live harmoniously in society. We value our customs and traditions immensely. These are embedded in our lifestyle, and many decisions are based on our cultural and traditional values. These are passed on from generation to generation.

The Indian festivals are a reflection of the country’s culture and tradition. There is a set traditional pattern in which these are celebrated. This pattern has been followed since ancient times. These celebrations offer a great way to meet and greet our loved ones and bring positive energy. These are a part of our rich heritage.

Indian Art Forms: A Part of Its Heritage

The various art forms, such as different kinds of classical dances, music, and paintings, are also a part of our heritage. Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Kuchipudi, and Odissi are famous Indian dance forms. Carnatic music, Thumri, Rabindra Sangeet, Odissi, and folk music are India’s contributions to the field of music. The Madhubani, Mughal, Tanjore, Mysore, and Pahari paintings are some of the beautiful forms of paintings that originated in India.

Indian monuments add to the galore of its heritage. Each of our monuments is known for its marvellous architectural design. Taj Mahal, Qutub Minar, Red Fort, Ajanta and Ellora Caves, Sun Konark temple, Khajuraho Group of Monuments, Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, Brihadishwara Temple, Hawa Mahal, and Mysore Palace are some of the heritage monuments of our country.

Essay on Preserving Indian Heritage – Essay 3 (400 words)

Indian Heritage is known for its vastness. It includes our cultural heritage, monumental heritage, literature, and other works of art. Our heritage dates back several centuries. With time both our tangible and intangible heritages are fading away. We must take it as our responsibility to preserve our rich heritage and pass it on to future generations.

Preserving Our Customs

Indians value their customs and traditions immensely. Since childhood, we have been taught to act in a certain manner and refrain from indulging in certain practices so as to remain true to our culture. Indian customs and traditions are beautiful. They encourage us to stay humble and respect others. We must preserve them and instil them in future generations as they contribute to a better society.

Preserving Our Literature

Indian literature is as rich as its culture. We have numerous books written since ancient times. We have Vedic literature, epic Sanskrit literature, Classic Sanskrit literature, and Pali literature, among other kinds of Indian literature. These have been written by some of the most learned men who have ever existed on Earth. Our books shed pearls of wisdom, were true to their times, and have the power to create a positive impact even today. Such wonderful and rich literature must be preserved at any cost.

Many of our books are being translated into other languages to provide access to more readers so that more people can benefit from the knowledge shared through them. Many of these are also being uploaded on the internet. This is a good way of preserving our literature.

Preserving Our Heritage Sites

India encompasses numerous heritage sites – both natural and man-made. Some of the most beautiful heritage sites belong to our country. Their beauty has been appreciated worldwide. However, many of these deteriorate with time. Natural calamities, as well as human negligence, are contributing to the deterioration of these beautiful heritage sites.

Many of these are losing their chance and may diminish in the coming times if we do not try to preserve them. These reflect our historical and cultural past, and we should not lose them. Besides, these sites also contribute to the country’s economy as they attract tourists worldwide. The government must take stringent steps to preserve these heritage sites. We must also contribute whatever little we can in this direction.

Essay on Natural Heritage of India – Essay 4 (500 words)

India is known to have a rich natural heritage. This is because of the country’s vast geographical area. The climatic conditions of different parts of the country differ because of the huge geographical expanse. While the northern regions experience extremely cold climates, the southern tip sees high temperatures. Due to the huge disparity in climatic conditions and landforms, India has a rich biodiversity. It also encompasses different kinds of breathtaking geological structures.

The richness of Flora and Fauna

India is known to be a mega-diversified nation. We have rich and diverse plants growing in different parts of the country. We take pride in two of the world’s biodiversity hotspots in our country- the Western Ghats and the Eastern Himalayas. These have been termed so because of their exceptionally high level of species richness. There are more than 45,500 plants in India, many of which are found in our country. We have some of the most beautiful flowering plants that are rarely found anywhere else. Indians also cultivate numerous crops and export them to the rest of the world.

India also has thousands of species of fauna in different regions. From the Bengal Tiger to the Yak in the Himalayas – the richness of biodiversity in animals in India remains unmatched. We also have approximately 1,200 species of beautiful and colourful birds that add to the biodiversity of our country. These are a delight to watch. Many of these species of plants and animals are found only in India.

Beautiful Geological Structures

India is also home to numerous beautiful geological structures in different parts of the country. Some of the most splendid geological structures that form a part of our country include Lonar Crater Lake, Siachen Glacier, Jammu and Kashmir, Maharashtra, Pillar Rocks, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, Barren Island, Andamans, Magnetic Hill, Leh, Columnar Basaltic Lava, Udupi Karnataka, and Toad Rock, Mount Abu, Rajasthan.

All these sites are true wonders of nature. Numerous tourists from around the world especially visit these places to catch a glimpse of these marvellous creations of God.

UNESCO World Natural Heritage Sites in India

It is a matter of great honour for every Indian that some of our beautiful geological places have been enlisted in UNESCO World Natural Heritage Sites. These sites include:

• Kaziranga National Park : Home to the rare one-horned rhinoceros, this was declared World Heritage Site in 1985.
• Keoladeo National Park : Home to numerous species of beautiful birds, this was also declared World Heritage Site in 1985.
• Manas Wildlife Sanctuary : This beautiful wildlife sanctuary was also declared World Heritage Site in 1985.
• Sundarbans National Park : It became known as the World Heritage Site in 1987.
• Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Park : This beautiful and serene natural surrounding was enlisted as a World Heritage Site in 2004.
• Western Ghats : One of the most beautiful places in our country, this was declared World Heritage Site in 2012.
• Great Himalayan National Park : This beautiful place was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2014.

Long Essay on Indian Heritage and the New Generation – Essay 5 (600 words)

Indian Heritage is known to be one of the richest worldwide. Our ancestors have bestowed a beautiful cultural and traditional heritage on us. We are lucky to have a splendid natural heritage encompassing rich biodiversity and spectacular geological structures.

Besides, our stunning monumental heritage attracts people from different parts of the world. Indian heritage has been preserved for centuries and passed on from generation to generation. But does the new technology-driven generation value the Indian heritage as much as the earlier ones? Will it b able to preserve and passed on further, or will our heritage fade away soon? These are a few questions that haunt the older generations as they want our heritage to remain intact.

Indian Heritage: A Gift from the Older Generations to the Younger Generation

Indian heritage is vast and vivid. It is vast because of the large number of religious groups in our country. Each religious group has its customs and traditions, which it passes on to its younger generation. However, some of our customs and traditions remain the same throughout India. For instance, our tradition includes respecting our elders, helping the needy, speaking the truth, welcoming guests, and treating them nicely. Our traditions teach us to inculcate good habits and make us good human beings.

Our cultural heritage is thus a precious gift from our older generation to help us become better human beings and build a harmonious society.

Value of Indian Heritage for New Generation

Our cultural heritage has remained intact for centuries; however, its charm seems to be declining in the current times. The new generation does not seem to value our cultural heritage as much.

Our society has seen tremendous changes in the last few decades. The colonization of our country by the British brought western culture to our country. The age-old traditions began to change. Today, Indian attire is highly influenced by Western culture. New kinds of schools replaced our ancient gurukul education system, and many other changes were brought about in that era. Since then, there has been no looking back.

Our society has seen numerous changes. For instance, our joint family system faded away, giving way to the new nuclear family system. Technological growth and the advent of the internet and smartphones have further distanced us from our cultural heritage. Western culture allures the country’s youths, and most look down upon our culture and traditions.

The young generation is so engrossed in its world and has become so self-centric that it does not pay much heed to the cultural values given by the elders.

Invoking Love and Respect for Indian Heritage

The elders must invoke love for the Indian heritage in the younger generations. This must be done from the very beginning. Only then can we preserve our rich heritage.

One way of invoking love for our heritage is by acquainting the young generation with our glorious past. This would help invoke a feeling of pride in them, and they would be inspired to continue the tradition and pass it on to the new generation. This needs a collective effort by the teachers as well as parents.

Schools must teach students about Indian heritage and how it has survived for centuries. They must also share the importance of preserving it.

Related topics on World Heritage Day in India

Essay on Indian Heritage FAQs

What is indian heritage.

Indian heritage refers to the rich and ancient traditions, customs, and culture that have been passed down through generations in India. It includes art, music, dance, languages, religions, and historical knowledge that make up the country's unique identity.

What are the types of heritage in India?

Cultural Heritage: This includes historical monuments, traditions, art, and music that have been passed down through generations. Natural Heritage: It refers to the country's natural beauty and includes national parks, wildlife, and scenic landscapes.

What is the biggest heritage of India?

The biggest heritage of India is its rich and diverse culture, including its ancient traditions, art, and history, which have been passed down for thousands of years.

What is the main heritage of India?

The main heritage of India includes its rich history and culture, which includes ancient traditions, art, music, and diverse languages.

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Essay on Cultural Heritage of India

Students are often asked to write an essay on Cultural Heritage of India in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Cultural Heritage of India

Introduction.

India, a country known for its diverse cultures, is rich in cultural heritage. This heritage is a treasure trove of art, architecture, traditions, and values.

Art and Architecture

India’s art and architecture are unique. Monuments like the Taj Mahal, Qutub Minar, and temples of Khajuraho are symbols of India’s architectural brilliance.

India’s cultural heritage is also reflected in its festivals. Diwali, Holi, Eid, Christmas, Pongal, and Durga Puja are celebrated with great enthusiasm.

Traditions and Values

Indian traditions, like yoga and Ayurveda, have gained global recognition. Respect for elders, non-violence, and truthfulness are core Indian values.

India’s cultural heritage is a blend of various elements. It’s a symbol of unity in diversity and continues to inspire generations.

250 Words Essay on Cultural Heritage of India

India, an ancient civilization, is a treasure trove of cultural heritage. This rich heritage, spanning millennia, is a testament to the country’s diverse and vibrant history. It presents a unique blend of art, architecture, music, dance, and philosophy that has evolved over time, influenced by various dynasties, religions, and foreign invasions.

Indian art and architecture reflect a deep understanding of aesthetics and spirituality. The grandeur of the ancient Indus Valley civilization, the intricate carvings of the Ajanta and Ellora caves, the majestic Mughal architecture, and the Dravidian and Nagara styles of temple architecture are all part of India’s cultural heritage.

Literature and Philosophy

India’s literary heritage is vast and varied. The Vedas, Upanishads, epics like Mahabharata and Ramayana, and works of classical poets like Kalidasa are invaluable contributions to world literature. Indian philosophy, with its six schools of thought, explores profound questions about existence, morality, and the cosmos.

Music and Dance

India’s music and dance forms are deeply intertwined with its spiritual traditions. From the sacred rhythms of Bharatanatyam to the soulful melodies of the Hindustani and Carnatic music, these art forms express a wide range of human emotions.

India’s cultural heritage is a vivid tapestry of diverse elements, each contributing to a holistic understanding of human civilization. It is a testament to the country’s resilience, adaptability, and creativity. As we move forward, it is crucial to preserve and promote this rich heritage, ensuring its continuity for future generations.

500 Words Essay on Cultural Heritage of India

India, often referred to as a ‘melting pot of cultures’, is a country with a rich and diverse cultural heritage. The cultural heritage of India encompasses various aspects such as literature, art, music, dance, architecture, food, and religions, which have been shaped and nurtured over thousands of years.

Religious Diversity

Religion is one of the most defining aspects of India’s cultural heritage. Home to Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism, India has also embraced Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism. Each religion has influenced India’s cultural fabric, contributing to a multitude of festivals, rituals, and architectural marvels.

Literature and Languages

India’s literary heritage is vast and varied, with ancient texts like the Vedas, Upanishads, Mahabharata, Ramayana, and the works of Kalidasa. The linguistic diversity in India is astounding, with over 2000 distinct languages. This linguistic diversity has led to a rich treasury of literature, folk tales, music, and dance forms in different regions.

Indian art and architecture reflect the country’s historical evolution and religious diversity. From the intricate carvings of the Ajanta and Ellora caves, the grandeur of Mughal architecture, the colorful frescoes of Rajasthan, to the Dravidian and Hoysala architecture of South India, each art form tells a unique story of its time and region.

Dance and Music

Indian classical dance and music forms are a vital part of its cultural heritage. Dance forms like Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Kathakali, and Odissi, and music systems like Hindustani and Carnatic, have been preserved and passed down generations. They are not just art forms but are deeply intertwined with spirituality and philosophy.

Indian cuisine, with its diverse regional dishes and culinary techniques, is an essential part of its cultural heritage. The use of varied spices, grains, fruits, and vegetables in Indian cuisine is a testament to the country’s agricultural diversity. The cuisine has also been influenced by various historical and cultural interactions with other societies.

The cultural heritage of India is a mirror of its historical journey, reflecting the influences of various dynasties, empires, and religions that have thrived in its land. Despite the extensive diversity, there runs a thread of continuity, a sense of unity in the cultural fabric of India. It is this amalgamation of diversity and unity that makes the cultural heritage of India unique and vibrant. As we move forward, it is crucial to preserve and promote this rich heritage for future generations.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

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Sep 19, 2023 at 06:13 PM

Lesser Known UNESCO World Heritage Sites In India That You Can Totally Consider For Your Next Trip

World heritage sites are important for a plethora of reasons. They represent the past and are important markers of a nation’s culture. UNESCO has marked several world heritage sites in India – such as the Qutub Minar, Ajanta Caves, and Taj Mahal to state a few. While these sites are important, there are numerous other heritage sites in India that aren’t much talked about but are equally important.

From temples to parks, here are 12 lesser-known UNESCO World Heritage sites that are located in India.

1. champaner-pavagadh archaeological park, gujarat.

Located around the historical city of Champaner in Gujarat’s Panchmahal district, this archaeological park features archaeological, historical, and living cultural heritage properties. It also includes the remains of settlements that date back to the prehistoric and medieval periods. There are palaces, religious buildings, residential areas, and water-retaining installations such as stepwells and tanks, etc. It also has a Jain temple situated on top of the Pavagadh Hill.

2. Pattadakal, Karnataka

Located in the Bagalkot district, this UNESCO World Heritage site features a collection of Hindu and Jain temples dating back to the 7th and 8th centuries. Ten major temples are built of stone and have intricate carvings and inscriptions. The columns bear inscriptions in Sanskrit and Kannada. There are shrines dedicated to Lord Shiva. One temple from the group stands out; the Temple of Virupaksha was built by Queen Lokamahadevi to mark her husband’s victory over the kings from the South.

3. Kakatiya Rudreshwara Temple, Telangana

Also known as the Ramappa Temple, this temple is located 200 kilometres northeast of Hyderabad in the Palampet village. This Hindu temple constructed in the year 1213 CE is dedicated to Lord Shiva and was built during the Kakatiyan period. The temple is made out of reddish sandstone and black basalt. It is said that the roof is so light that it can float on water despite being made of bricks. The temple complex consists of three temples.

Check Out- India Is Home To 36 UNESCO World Heritage Sites. How Many Of These Did You Know?

4. Rani Ki Vav, Gujarat

Literally translating to The Queen’s Stepwell, this world heritage site is located in Patan, Gujarat. It is said that Udayamati, wife of the 11th-century Chaulukya king Bhima I, had constructed this stepwell on the banks of Saraswati river. What’s interesting about this site is that the stepwell is designed to resemble an inverted temple. It consists of seven levels of stairs with sculptural panels. These panels have intricate sculptures that show religious figures.

5. Bhimbetka Rock Shelters, Madhya Pradesh

Situated on the foothills of the Vindhyan Mountains, these clusters of rock shelters show the earliest traces of human life and settlement. It consists of seven hills and over 750 rock shelters that are distributed over 10 kilometres. These shelters feature prehistoric cave paintings on a wide variety of themes – such as animals, dance, hunting, warriors, and even spirituality. It also has important pieces of evidence of the Stone Age.

6. Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas, Karnataka

The Hoysala temples at Belur, Halebidu and Somanathapur in Karnataka were recently declared as a UNESCO World Heritage site. These temples were built in the 12th and 13th centuries by the Hoysala kings who dedicated these temples to Lord Shiva and Vishnu. They have stone carvings that cover the entire architectural surface. Built on star-shaped platforms, these temples have ornate carvings of Shiva and Parvati to state a few.

7. Santiniketan, West Bengal

Located around 212 kilometres from Kolkata, Santiniketan is the place where Rabindranath Tagore built Visva-Bharati. Now a university town that houses the prestigious Visva Bharati University, Santiniketan was originally an ashram that was built was Tagore’s father. Anyone irrespective of their caste or creed could come and meditate at the ashram. It has the Upasana Griha, a prayer hall made out of glass, for Brahmo prayers.

8. Keoladeo National Park

Located in Bharatpur, Rajasthan, this sanctuary hosts thousands of birds, especially during the winter season. The park is a heaven for bird watchers. Created 250 years ago, the park is named after a Keoladeo (Shiva) temple within its boundaries. Herons, storks, oriental ibis, greater flamingos, and pelicans are some of the birds that one can spot in this park on a lucky day. Not just birds, the park also houses mongoose, nilgai, sambar, etc.

Check Out- 20 World Heritage Sites In India You Should Visit Even If They’re Not On New York Times’ List

9. Kaas Pathar, Maharashtra

Located in Satara, Maharashtra, this world heritage site is actually a plateau of flowers . The Kaas Valley is in full bloom during the months of August and September. Wildflowers and butterflies dot this valley of flowers. The plateau is made from volcanic rocks and comes under the biosphere of the Western Ghats. You can spot some flowers that are as small as your fingernails.

10. Capitol Complex, Chandigarh

Designed by architect Le Corbusier, the Capitol Complex is actually a government compound that houses the Legislative Assembly, the Secretariat Building, the High Court and four monuments. The complex is spread over an area of 100 acres and is a symbol of modern architecture. It is situated against the backdrop of the Shivalik Hills which makes it more eye-catching.

11. Khangchendzonga National Park, Sikkim

Nestled in the Himalayan range, this national park is located in Sikkim . Tholung Monastery, one of Sikkim’s most sacred monasteries, is located in the buffer zone of the park. Buddhist legends state that their religious leaders found holy texts and treatises across the park. The park holds significant religious value for Buddhists. You can spot red pandas, musk deer, snow leopards, pheasants, etc.

12. Manas Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam

Located in Assam, the Manas Wildlife Sanctuary covers an area of 39,100 hectares. The sanctuary spans the Manas river and you can spot the forests of Bhutan towards the north of its boundaries. It is the only sanctuary that has been distinguished as a biosphere reserve, a natural heritage site, Project Tiger Reserve, and Project Elephant Reserve. This sanctuary is home to the Indian rhinoceros, leopards, swamp deers, bears, etc.

It’s time to give these heritage sites a visit.

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UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Karnataka

The culturally rich and diverse country of India is home to 38 UNESCO World heritage sights that spread all across the country in different states. The south Indian state of Karnataka is one such place that has been home to an incredible amount of historical places as it was ruled by the Vijayanagara empire, Hoysalas, Chalukya dynasty, and many. There are ancient civilization ruins, temples, township remains, and pilgrimage destinations that are still alive with the stories and legends of the royals and are still fragrant with the impressions left by them on every nook and cranny of Karnataka. And, many of these places are recognized as world heritage sites by UNESCO. Check below the list of UNESCO Heritage Sites in Karnataka and ensure to visit them as part of Karnataka Tour Packages to discover the land.

1.Group of Mouments at Hampi

Situated in Northern Karnataka, the Group of Monuments at Hampi is essentially the ruins of the Hampi town, the former capital of the powerful Vijayanagara Empire in 1343-1565. The epitome of the glorious architecture of the Vijayanagara Empire, these ruins were designated as a  UNESCO World Heritage site in the year 1986. Hampi is one of the most popular heritage sites in Karnataka and also one of the must-see attractions not to miss in a South India holiday packages .

Among the must include places in Hampi Tour Packages , the ruins of Hampi reveal incredible architecture, sculptures, and stories that date back to a thousand years. It has around 500 ancient temples, royal complexes, pillared halls, mandapas, water reservoirs, treasury buildings, bastions spread over an area of more than 26 sq. km across the Tungabhadra River. Virupaksha Temple, Vitthala Temple, Hemakuta Hill Temples, Hazara Rama Temple, Archaeological Museum, Queen’s Bath, Elephant Stables, Lotus Mahal, Lakshmi Narasimha, Stepped Tank, Riverside Ruins, Hampi Bazaar, residential areas, and tanks are some of the top places to visit in Hampi .

2. Group of Monuments at Pattadakal

Located along the Malprabha River, the small village of Pattadakal houses a group of monuments built by the Chalukya dynasty during the 18th century CE. The group covers a remarkable series of nine Hindu temples, as well as a Jain sanctuary that exhibits a unique blend of Dravidian and Indo-Aryan designs. The fabulous designs of these temples in Pattadakal make this site got UNESCO world heritage status in the year 1987. Pattadakal, one of the popular heritage places to visit near Bangalore , is also praised as the “City of Crown Rubies” as it had been the holy city for the Royal Coronation during the Chalukyan dynasty.

The group of monumental temples at Badami are considered some of the oldest ones in the country and were exceptional examples of Chalukyan architectural style. Virupaksha Temple, Sangameshwara Temple, Chandrasekhar Temple, Mallikarjuna Temple, Papanatha Temple, Kashivishwanaath Temple, Galganath Temple,  and Jain Temple are among the best places to visit in Pattadakal . Dedicated to Lord Shiva, the Hindu temples are known for their intricately designed sculptures, pillars, walls, and facades that are decorated with the stories of the Ramayana, Mahabharata, and other Hindu epics. Along with the tentative UNESCO heritage sites of Aihole and Badami, Pattadakal can be visited as part of the 3 day trip from Bangalore .

3. The Western Ghats

Also known as Sahyadri Mountains, the Western Ghats is a mountain range that covers an area of 160,000 sq. km in a stretch of 1,600 km parallel to the western coast of the Indian peninsula, traversing the states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra, and Gujarat. UNESCO’s World Heritage Committee inscribed the Western Ghats of India as a world heritage site on 1st July 2012. It comprises a total of 39 properties including national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and reserve forests– twenty in the state of Kerala, ten in Karnataka, five in Tamil Nadu, and four in Maharashtra.

Older than the Himalayas, the mountain chain of the Western Ghats influence Indian monsoon weather patterns by intercepting the rain-laden monsoon winds that sweep in from the south-west during late summer. The Western Ghat Range of Karnataka is also home to many attractive waterfalls, among the most popular places to visit in Karnataka . Besides, it is one of the ten hottest biodiversity hotspots in the world as it has over 7,402 species of flowering plants, 1,814 species of non-flowering plants, 139 mammal species, 508 bird species, 179 amphibian species, 6,000 insects species, and 290 freshwater fish species. The Western Ghats are home to at least 325 globally threatened species.

4. Hoysala  Temples of Belur & Halebidu

Belur & Halebidu situated in the Hassan district of Karnataka are renowned for the temples of Chennakesava, & Hoyasaleshwara that were built during the reign of Hoysala reign. The Hoysala reign (from 10th – 14 th century CE) was an important period in the development of art, architecture, and religion in South India. These temples are known for the star-shaped platform, minute & intricate carvings, and sculptures with metal like polishing. Of the hundred surviving Hoysala temples in Karnataka, the temples at Belur & Halebidu are the most iconic structures and were collectively under the list of tentative UNESCO world heritage sites in India.

The Chennakesava Temple, dedicated to Lord Vishnu, is one of the finest examples of Hoysala architecture and was built by king Vishnuvardhana in 1117 CE. This is probably the biggest of all the Hoysala temples as it is the only fully constructed temple that is still intact and maintained well. Dedicated to Lord Shiva, the Hoysaleswara Temple was built by Ketumalla, a minister of Vishnuvardhana during 1121 AD, and is the common tourist spot that can be visited as part of Chikmagalur Tour Packages . The walls of these temples are covered with an endless variety of depictions from Hindu mythology, animals, birds, and madanikas, the dancing figures. Belur and Halebidu are among the best places to experience Karnataka Tourism.

5. Monuments of Srirangapatna

Srirangapatna is a historical town located near Mysore in Karnataka. An island in River Cauvery, the town of Srirangapatna is home to some of the most magnificent architectural masterpieces from Vijayanagara and Hoysala kingdom. This island town takes its name from the celebrated Ranganathaswamy temple which dominates the town, making Srirangapatna. Dedicated to Lord Vishnu, it is one of the largest temples in Karnataka , and one of the most important Vaishnavite centers in South India.

Once the capital of Mysore state, Srirangapatna is one of the top heritage sites in Karnataka, and among the must include places in Mysore tour packages . Daria Daulat Bagh, Srirangapatna Fort, Gumbaz of Tipu Sultan, Jama Masjid, and Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary are some of the top places to visit in Srirangapatna . Owing to its cultural, religious, and historic importance, the monuments in Srirangapatna has been nominated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and its application is pending on the tentative list of UNESCO.

6. Monuments & Forts of the Deccan Sultanate (Bidar, Bijapur, & Gulbarga)

The ‘Monuments of the Deccan Sultanate’ is a serial property comprising of four components constructed by the rulers of the Deccan sultanates. These monuments in Gulbarga, Bidar, Bijapur, and Hyderabad emerged as important medieval fortifications and walled cities of the Deccan Sultanates with the exemplary convergence of national and international styles of Islamic architecture and their intersections with the prevalent Hindu southern Indian architecture. The Government of India has submitted the nomination for the inclusion of Monuments and Forts of the Deccan Sultanate in the World Heritage List for the year 2020. Bidar is one of the most popular heritage places to visit near Hyderabad .

The monuments at Gulbarga, the first capital of Bahmani Kingdoms, comprise of the Gulbarga Fort, Great Mosque, and the Gumbad complex with seven tombs. The monuments at Bidar include Bidar Fort, the Madrasa  Mahmud Gawan, the Bahamani tombs at Ashtur, and the Barid Shahi tombs, among the must include places in Bidar Tour Packages . while the Bijapur group comprises 80 small and big monuments including the fortifications, gates, water systems and tanks, several mosques and tombs and palatial structures. Of these,  Gol Gumbaj is the most remarkable monument, and has the world’s second-largest dome, after the St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome. The chamber inside the mausoleum is also the biggest single chamber in the world with an area of 1700 square meters.

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List of World Heritage Sites in India

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• A Standing Example Of Conservation Architecture

Conservation of Heritage Sites - India

Conservation of Heritage sites in India is important because:

• Conservation of heritage sites and buildings provides a sense of identity and continuity in a fast-changing world.
• Heritage sites and buildings represent the past history and culture of a nation
• It is important to support the tourism industry.
• A heritage site is a place that preserves the cultural, social and political history of a place. 

Aspirants would find this topic very helpful while preparing for the IAS Exam .

Heritage Sites Conservation – India

As per UNESCO rankings, India is ranked 5th globally in the list of countries having the maximum number of World Heritage Sites. 

List of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India

Heritage Sites Protection – Indian Law

The heritage sites in India are protected by the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act 1958, which was amended in 2010. As per this law it protects the following.

• Heritage sites
• Archaeological sites

The Protection of Heritage sites in India is undertaken by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) working under the Ministry of Culture.

Heritage Sites – Reasons behind Deterioration

There are various reasons behind the deterioration of Heritage sites. The 2 main factors for deterioration are Natural Causes and Anthropogenic Causes .

Natural Causes

The many factors which are responsible for the deterioration of Heritage sites, which can be classified as natural causes are listed below.

• Air Pollution
• Changing Temperature
• Biological factors like Fungus, Moss etc
• Ground water, salts and minerals
• Solar Radiation

Anthropogenic Causes

The various factors that can be classified as anthropogenic causes are listed below.

• Fire – It could be due to an electric short circuit, improper burning of material
• Urbanisation

Check out the relevant links provided below to prepare for the upcoming exams comprehensively –

Heritage Conservation – Problems Faced by India

As per some reports there are multiple reasons behind the problems faced by India in conservation of its heritage sites. Some of these reasons are listed below.

• Lacking skilled and adequate manpower to carry out the conservation activities.
• Lack of importance given to pre-disaster management of heritage sites.
• Conservation requires Engineers expertise from inter-disciplinary perspectives.
• Private sector is involved only in aesthetic maintenance, important issues are unaddressed due to unavailability of skilled resources.
• Lack of Modern and traditional engineering methods

Heritage Conservation – Techniques that can be Implemented

The 3 main techniques that are used for heritage conservation are 

Structural Conservation

• Chemical Preservation

Awareness Program

Over time the structure starts weakening due to weakening of foundation pillars, columns, ceilings, growth of vegetation, mostly weeds over the older buildings, and water seepage. In structural conservation technique, reinforcement work is carried out on foundations, repairs are carried out on walls, ceilings and removal of weeds from the buildings.

Chemical Conservation

• Protects the monuments from organic and inorganic gases.
• Helps to eliminate moss, algae, lichens.
• Organizing seminars, events, workshops across India
• Community participation must be encouraged to prevent vandalization.

Conservation of Heritage Sites – UPSC Notes:- Download PDF Here

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Frequently asked Questions Related to Heritage Conservation

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Top 10 countries with the most UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 2024; Check India’s rank

Unesco includes 1,172 world heritage sites located across 166 countries. here are the top 10 countries with the most heritage sites as of 2024. .

UNESCO World Heritage Sites: The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) is dedicated to preserving and promoting the world’s cultural and natural heritage.

Since its inception in 1945, UNESCO’s World Heritage list recognises sites that are deemed to have outstanding universal value, transcending national borders and cultural boundaries.

It has grown to encompass a diverse array of cultural and natural sites that are of exceptional value to humanity. These sites highlight the diversity and richness of cultural and natural heritage across the globe.

As of 2024, the list includes 1,172   World Heritage Sites located across 166 countries; Here are the top 10 countries with the most UNESCO World Heritage Sites, as of 2024.

1. Italy: 59

Italy holds the distinction of having the highest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, totalling 59 as of 2024. Italy’s UNESCO journey began in 1979 with its first site, the Rock Drawings in Valcamonica, and saw a significant rise in UNESCO recognitions during the 1990s, adding 25 sites, including a notable 10 in 1997. From the iconic architectural wonders of Rome, Florence, and Venice to the breathtaking natural landscapes of the Amalfi Coast and the Dolomites, each site has a unique story, from ancient Roman ruins to the artistic marvels of the Renaissance era

2. China: 57

China, coming in second with 57 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, closely follows Italy in the rankings. China became a member of the World Heritage Convention in 1985. With its impressive tally of 57 sites, among the notable attractions are the iconic Great Wall of China, the Forbidden City, the Terracotta Army, Jiuzhaigou Valley, Mount Huangshan, and more.

3. Germany: 52

Germany has the third highest number of World Heritage Sites, with 52 sites, including 48 cultural sites and 3 natural sites. Notable landmarks include the Cologne Cathedral and Berlin’s Museum Island. Germany’s commitment to preserving cultural history and natural landscapes is exemplified by natural sites like the Wadden Sea and ancient beech forests.

4. France: 52

France, with 52 World Heritage Sites, is on par with Germany, renowned for its cultural significance and natural beauty, including the Eiffel Tower, Mont-Saint-Michel, and the Palace and Park of Versailles, celebrating its historical depth, architectural innovation, and influential art and culture that have shaped the Western world.

5. Spain: 50

Spain, with 50 World Heritage Sites and 50 UNESCO sites, showcases its diverse cultural heritage influenced by various civilisations, including the Romans and Moors. Famous sites include the Alhambra in Granada, the Sagrada Familia in Barcelona, and the historic city of Toledo.

6. India: 42

India has 42 World Heritage Sites as of 2023 – 34 cultural, 7 natural, and 1 mixed. India ratified the convention in 1977. It has the sixth-highest number of sites globally. India, with 42 sites, offers a remarkable variety of cultural and natural treasures. From the architectural grandeur of the Taj Mahal and the temples of Khajuraho to the natural wonders of the Western Ghats and Sundarbans, these sites highlight the rich cultural, spiritual, and natural heritage of the subcontinent.

7. Mexico: 35

Mexico has 35 World Heritage Sites, including 27 cultural, 6 natural, and 2 mixed sites, ratified in 1984. These sites showcase Mexico’s rich history, biodiversity, and cultural traditions, including ancient pre-Hispanic cities like Teotihuacan and natural reserves like the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve.

8. United Kingdom: 33

The UK has 33 World Heritage Sites, including 18 in England, 5 in Scotland, 4 in Wales, and 1 in Northern Ireland, Bermuda, Gibraltar, the Pitcairn Islands, and Saint Helena. It also has 33 UNESCO sites, including historical sites like Stonehenge and the Tower of London and natural sites like the Giant’s Causeway and Lake District.

9. Russia: 31

Russia has 31 World Heritage Sites, including St. Petersburg, Moscow, and Kizhi Pogost, which showcase its rich historical narrative and diverse landscapes. The first five were added in 1990, during the Soviet Union. These sites showcase cultural and natural landmarks like Saint Petersburg’s historic centre, Moscow’s Kremlin and Red Square, and Kamchatka volcanoes.

10. Iran: 27

Iran has 27 World Heritage Sites, including Persepolis and Isfahan, added in 1979. Iran ratified the UNESCO convention in 1975, reflecting its ancient civilisations and cultural contributions. Sites like Persepolis, Persian Garden, and Tabriz bazaar offer insights into the country’s historical depth and architectural achievements, influencing art and culture in the Middle East.

In essence, the mission of the UNESCO World Heritage program is to identify, protect, and promote cultural and natural sites of exceptional value to humanity, fostering international cooperation to preserve these places for current and future generations.

• UNESCO heritage sites

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After 20 years, I met my childhood hero: The local news anchor who looked like me

This story was first published on May 28, 2021.

If you ask kids who their childhood heroes are, they’ll probably mention characters and celebrities they see on-screen. If you’re my age (turning 30 this summer,  despite not fully being ready for it ), you might remember looking up to the Power Rangers or Britney Spears.

I, however, looked up to Ellee Pai Hong.

That’s not an obscure actor’s name or an early ‘90s pop star that slipped your mind; Ellee Pai Hong was the morning news anchor on NBC Chicago in the early-mid 2000s.

My mother has faithfully watched the TODAY Show and the morning local news every day in our suburban Chicago home since before I was born. She still does, actually, and wants Al Roker to know that he should go easy on Craig Melvin.

It’s a matter of luck or fate that I now work for TODAY, the show I have genuinely watched since birth, and Ellee Pai Hong was the person I saw each morning before catching the bus. There were a few days I didn’t tune in — I was tired, running late, finishing some sort of homework — but most days, I watched attentively as a well-dressed Asian American woman delivered the news in my hometown.

As anyone who is a devout watcher of morning news will tell you, it’s easy to grow attached to the anchors who you welcome into your home each day. For me, it wasn’t just that Ellee Pai Hong was cool and funny — though she obviously was — it was that she was one of the few faces that looked like mine on TV at the time.

I soon discovered that my life skills involved, almost exclusively, talking to others and writing, so I decided to pursue a career in journalism. And I can safely say that I believed I could follow my dreams, at least in part, because I had watched Ellee Pai Hong do it for all those years.

When I stepped foot on campus at the University of Missouri, which is home to one of the nation’s best journalism programs, I had a bit of culture shock. People there were constantly asking me “What are you?” and the only other Asian faces I recognized were exchange students coming to study from the other side of the globe. I wasn’t sure where I fit in.

Later, as a reporter/anchor on the local NBC station in Columbia, Missouri, I took phone calls, emails, tweets and comments from local viewers who complained about my appearance on air. And at least some of the responses were  tied to my ethnic identity .

But through it all, I tried to channel the journalists who came before me, especially Ellee Pai Hong.

I decided to track her down for this piece to let her know just how much her presence and success meant to me. She was kind enough to chat with one of her biggest fans and shared that she still works in TV, serving as a host for  Comcast Newsmakers .

It turns out that while growing up in Los Angeles, she looked up to another Asian American newscaster. Hong told me she used to trick her two sisters into watching the afternoon news so she could catch KCBS anchor Tritia Toyota.

“We only had one TV … and they never wanted to watch news,” she said with a laugh. “I’d say, ‘Well, don’t you want to watch the weather so you can figure out what you’re wearing to school tomorrow?’”

Toyota actually co-founded the Asian American Journalists Association in 1981. (Disclaimer: I’m a member of AAJA, which is now a nationwide organization with more than 1,500 members across the country).

“That’s who I used to watch, and I’d be like, ‘Oh, that looks interesting,’” Hong said. “And to see someone doing something like that (who) looks like me made it possible in my head. I totally believe you need to see people in different like diverse people in different areas because it connects you with that job or career.”

She added that she didn’t realize until later that she wanted to go into television broadcasting herself.

“Honestly, I wanted to be a Broadway star,” she said with a chuckle. “I’ve always been a little bit of a ham. But I realized I’m not that great of a singer.”

Like anyone meeting their career role model, I also had to ask for Hong’s professional advice.

Her first tip was to approach stories from all angles. She explained that her first boss (a “hardass”) in a small local news market had made her approach a family grieving after their two children died in a fire. Hong said she didn’t want to do the story but felt pressure from her boss, so asked the mother to tell her about her children’s lives before their untimely deaths.

“I took the position of, you know, let’s talk about your children, how great they were. Tell me about all the great stuff they did and what kind of kids they were and how much you love them” she said. “Just like with everything, it’s about how you approach things. Don’t get stuck in thinking you need to approach things one way — you can come at it from all different angles.”

Another piece of advice: “You’ve got to manage up, as well as manage down,” referring to how important it is to maintain workplace relationships with both subordinates and those you report to.

“Obviously … being good is just the baseline, you have to be good at what you do,” she said.“But you have to manage those relationships within your workspace … it’s always people problems, relationship problems that gets in the way of being more productive and more creative.”

As of late, there have been a slew of problems facing the  Asian American community . As I spoke with Hong in late April, there were ongoing attacks against people of Asian descent happening across the country.

Hong told me a story about how her daughter had faced racism at school and how she’d coached her to stick up for herself. She thinks the entire community should come together to stand up for themselves as well and hopes for lasting change.

“I feel like Asian Americans, we need a person or a group or several people to say something and be loud about it,” she said. “Culturally speaking, we as Asian Americans, we grow up to be considerate of others. It’s not ‘me first,’ it’s consideration of others, work hard and do what you’re supposed to do.

“But, you know, silence never inspired change, right, so to be silent about what happens to you, about the derogatory comments that are aimed at you, about the hate crimes — more seriously — that happened to you, it doesn’t do anything,” she continued. “It doesn’t prompt change so I feel like as a community, we cannot be silenced. And we cannot be silent.”

Sam Kubota is a senior digital editor and journalist for TODAY Digital based in Los Angeles. She joined NBC News in 2019.

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10 Islamic Landmarks to Visit in 2023

I slamic Heritage sites are distributed all over the world, even in the most unexpected places. Traveling and visiting the world's best Islamic landmarks can introduce you to the tenets of Islam through learning about Islam's history and heritage as well as immersing yourself in architectural masterpieces. 

Here is a list of 10 Islamic World Heritage Sites to visit in 2023:

Sheikh zayed grand mosque, uae.

Located in Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque is the largest mosque in the country and one of the largest mosques in the world. It features 82 domes, over 1,000 columns, 24-karat gold chandeliers, and the world's largest hand-knotted carpet. The mosque is big enough to accommodate over 40,000 visitors as the complex covers over 22,400 square meters.

Museum of Islamic Art, Qatar

The Museum of Islamic Art on one end of the seven-kilometer-long Corniche in Doha is focused on art from the Arab world. It houses one of the most comprehensive collections of Islamic art in the world from three continents created over 1,400 years.

Dome of the Rock, Palestine

Located on the Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem, a site also known to Muslims as the Al-Aqsa Compound, the Dome of the Rock was built between 685 and 692 AD by Abd al-Malik. It marks a period in Islamic history when the message was in its youth. It is revered by most Muslims as the spot where Isra and Miraj took place.

Great Mosque of Muhammad Ali Pasha, Egypt

Muhammad Ali Mosque is situated on the summit of the Citadel of Cairo and was commissioned by the ruler of Egypt Muhammad Ali Pasha between 1830 and 1848 AD to be a place of worship and his resting place. This Ottoman mosque is the largest to be built in the first half of the 19th century.

Hassan II Mosque, Morocco

Hassan II Mosque is the largest mosque in Morocco and stands majestically in the largest city of Morocco, Casablanca. It has been a point of interest for many visitors and is known to be home to the tallest minaret in the world. Sitting on the shoreline of the Atlantic Ocean, the mosque overlooks the sea majestically.

Hagia Sophia, Turkey

Hagia Sophia is a major historical monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Istanbul. It stands out as one of the greatest testaments to the power of the Ottoman Empire. Originally built to serve as a cathedral by the Greek Orthodox church in 360 AD, the Hagia Sophia was later converted into a mosque, then a museum, and then in 2020, the Turkish government decided it was time to pray again in Hagia Sophia for the first time in 86 years.  

Alhambra Palace, Spain

Considered by some as the eighth wonder of the world, the Alhambra Palace is a representation of one of the finest pieces of Islamic art and architecture. As well as being Spain's most visited historical attraction, attracting two million visitors each year, many of which are Muslims. It marks an important period in Islamic history, the Golden Age of Islam, when the southern part of Europe was under Islamic dominion; it's known as Andalusia. 

Jama Masjid, India 

Known as the largest mosque in India, the imposing Jama Masjid of Delhi boasts a courtyard that can accommodate up to 25,000 visitors. It was built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan who built the Taj Mahal, and inaugurated by its first Imam, Syed Abdul Ghafoor Shah Bukhari. The mosque's construction began in 1644 and completed by 1656 AD. It was the primary mosque for the city's sizeable Muslim population as well as the Mughal emperors until the mid-19th century. 

Islamic Arts Museum Malaysia 

Located in Kuala Lumpur and officially opened in 1998, the Islamic Arts Museum Malaysia is regarded as the largest museum of Islamic art in Southeast Asia and gives visitors an insight into Islam through its global collection of Islamic Art. The museum showcases early copies of the Qur'an and Hadith books.

Kampong Gelam, Singapore

Kampong Gelam is one of Singapore's oldest districts. It was known as the Muslim quarter as it was also home to the Sultan of Johore and was thriving with a huge community of Muslim traders. The imposing Sultan Mosque, known as Singapore's biggest mosque, is a constant reminder of the district's history. The mosque was built in 1824 AD by Sultan Hussein Shah. 

This article was posted on UAEMoments