essay shortener

Free Text Shortener Tool

• 📖 Text Shortener
• 📜 When to Use It
• 🎉 Benefits of the Tool
• ✒️Writing a Summary
• ✍️Summary Examples
• 🎁 Bonus Tips

🔗 References

📖 text shortener guide.

Summarizing is an essential part of academic writing. It shows your ability to separate and present the main findings, plot elements, thoughts, etc. A good summary lets another person easily understand it without reading the original text.

Our free text shortener presents key takeaways of a text using AI technologies. To use it, you need to copy and paste the original text and choose the length of the expected summary. This is how you create a resume with zero stress in a couple of clicks.

In this article, we describe our tool and explain how to write top-scoring summaries.

📜 When to Use Text Shortener Tool

• When you need to write a concluding paragraph. It can be an essay, research paper, lab report, or other academic text. Paste your body paragraphs into the box to create a summary for your concluding part.
• When you need to shorten your essay. Use this tool if you exceed the word limit in your essay or a particular paragraph. It also works as a sentence shortener.
• When you need to read an extensive article. You will do it faster as summarizing tool makes the text shorter, preserving the main information. It is helpful when you need to read many articles and highlight the key points.
• When you need to shorten other researchers’ passages. Including lengthy quotes in your paper is not the best decision. Instead, you can use our tool to make them shorter without changing their sense.
• When you need to take notes. Create an overview of the studying materials with our online shortener. It is a fast and easy way to make notes without writing or typing them manually.
• When you need to refresh your knowledge. Instead of reading a full text or book, just use a summary generator. After a quick revision of the content, you can save and use these extracts later.

🎉 Shorten Sentence Generator Benefits

Below you will find reasons why students love our shortening tool.

✒️ How to Write an Outstanding Summary

If you want to write a summary yourself, this passage is for you. Follow these guidelines to shorten texts better and faster.

• Find only one core thought – this is the basis of the text. Then look for supporting points that revolve around this idea. At this stage, you can list the essential ideas in the text.
• Don’t use judgmental and emotional vocabulary while writing. Your goal is to be as objective as possible. You can also rewrite the informal style to formal. Remember that summarizing is not the same as paraphrasing .
• Keep your summary brief: it shouldn’t be longer than 15% of the initial text. But we still recommend using synonyms and synonymic expressions not to repeat the original passage. Don’t forget to reference the works you have included.
• Reread your summary . Make sure that its writing style corresponds with the rest of your work.
• Add transition words if you notice that there is no flow. Ask yourself: can a person understand the core meaning of your text just after reading the summary?

If yes, congratulations! You have just created a good summary. If not, find the details that you have missed. It can be a logical sequence, a particular argument, event, or evidence. Rewrite your summary till it fully represents the original text.

✍️ Text Shortening Examples

Now let’s take a look at two summary examples.

🎁 Bonus Tips for Students

• Make sure you know what kind of summary you need. For example, an executive summary has particular guidelines and writing formulas.
• Avoid complex terminology and long sentences. Your summary should be independent and straightforward. Imagine that a person unfamiliar with the topic needs to understand the text.
• To shorten a long text, make a one-sentence summary for each paragraph. It will help you control the size of the summary. It also will be easier to navigate the text if you decide to rewrite or adjust your summary.

What does summarize mean?

Summarizing means shortening a larger text without changing its meaning. You can usually see summaries at the end of essays and other academic papers. While shortening a text, you need to cover only the essential details mentioned in the text. In most summaries, you shouldn’t include your opinion on the matter and have to be objective.

How to summarize a story?

You need to retell a story briefly. Imagine that you have read a book and want to describe it to your friend. Highlight the main plot elements and characters that are crucial to the story. Omit the parts that are not essential for a person who wants to understand the plot.

How to summarize a quote?

Read the passage and find its key message. Briefly describe this thought in your own words. Make sure that the summarized piece fits your paper’s tone. If you leave more than three words unchanged, put them in quotation marks. Don’t forget to give credit to the author.

Note: short, clearly expressed quotes do not need shortening.

• How to Write a Summary: 4 Tips for Writing a Good Summary | Masterclass
• Guidelines for Writing a Summary | Hunter College
• 10 Tips for Cutting Your Word Count | The University of Adelaide
• 8 Ways to Reduce the Word Count for Your Research Paper | How to Write a Journal Article

Text Compactor

Free online automatic text summarization tool.

Follow these simple steps to create a summary of your text.

Click the Summarize! button.

Read your summarized text. If you would like a different summary, repeat Step 2. When you are happy with the summary, copy and paste the text into a word processor, or text to speech program , or language translation tool

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Reduce Word Count Generator

Cut your word count without reducing the content. This tool is very easy to use:

• Paste the text.
• Mind that there is a 15,000-character limit.
• Choose text reduction options.
• Click the button.
• Copy the text to the clipboard.

⭐️ Word Count Reducer: the Benefits

• ✒️ What Is Cut-Down-Word-Count Generator?
• ✂️ How to Cut Down Words?
• 👍 Word Cutter Do's & Don'ts

🖇️ References

✒️ reduce word count generator: what is it.

Cut-Down-Word-Count Generator is a free online tool that summarizes texts and reduces sentence and word count. It cuts out unnecessary words , phrases, and sentences but doesn't change the sense of a text. This is a helpful instrument for students, journalists, and other people who work with loads of written information.

Besides reducing your writing, you can also use the tool to summarize books, short novels, and articles on any topic. Artificial intelligence finds keywords and decides which sentences and words are the most essential.

The tool is also fully compatible with Grammarly – you can edit the text on our page if you have an extension.

✂️ How to Cut Down Words in My Essay?

Automatic tools are great when you need to work with extensive text . However, consider manual summarizing for more flexibility.

Here's how to reduce your word count manually:

• Find and highlight the key messages . If you do it thoroughly, you will preserve the initial sense of a text.
• Cut out adjectives and adverbs . Many of them are just filler words that serve only the aesthetic features of a text. That is why you won't lose the main points if you delete them.
• Look for synonyms and synonymic collocations . To avoid plagiarism in academic papers, use synonyms when referring to another author's thoughts. And you will still need to give them a reference.
• Change structures . Simplifying sentences is another way to reduce the word count. Just rewrite lengthy and overcomplicated grammar.
• One paragraph – one idea . Each section should focus only on one idea or answer one question. Keep your paragraphs at 200-300 and sentences at 15-25 words.

Words and Phrases to Avoid

You will also need to work on vocabulary . In this part, we will explain how to avoid excessive wording and bring your essay to academic standards.

👍 Word Cutter for Essays: Do's and Don'ts

This list of practical recommendations will help you use the word remover to its max.

• Don't paste long texts . The word limit allows us to summarize extensive passages, but we don't recommend it. Instead of cutting the whole text, work with each part separately.
• Don't simply copy and paste the results into your essay . You will likely need to modify the reduced text to create a smooth final version.
• Divide texts into logical parts . The AI will identify the main points quicker and have fewer error risks. It will also make it easier for you to navigate and spot mistakes.
• Check the results . It will be easier for you to manually correct inaccuracies at the very first stage. The tool is fast, but the human brain is more capable of understanding writing subtleties.
• Remove plagiarism . This is not a paraphrasing tool , so you must work on plagiarism. If it is just for personal use, you can leave the text as it is. Otherwise, you will need to quote or paraphrase the text to avoid plagiarized content.
• Work on word choice . Some texts you use might not be suitable for academic writing or your instructor's requirements. Devote some time to put the vocabulary in order.

📝 Word Reducing Example

Check out this example of a text summarized by our word reducer.

Original text

In the current study, several limitations of the research are necessary to mention. While random sampling will ensure representativeness and a low level of bias, there is a risk of limited outcomes in quantitative analysis. Since the questionnaires use structured and close-ended questions, there is a possibility of limited outcomes, which means that the results cannot always represent the actual occurrence in generalized forms.

Since respondents have limited response options that the researcher designed, the outcomes thus ultimately depend on the perspective taken by a scholar when creating the questions. Another significant limitation of the study is the limited availability of secondary data that can be applied to the research context. While the subject matter is widespread, there has been little research on implementing a sports education instructional program at educational facilities. Finally, data may not be robust enough to make conclusions regarding study findings.

Full text: Jeddah University: Sports Health Education Instructional Program - 4403 Words | Free Paper Example

Reduced version:

Since the questionnaires use structured and close-ended questions, there is a possibility of limited outcomes, which means that the results cannot always represent the actual occurrence in generalized forms. Another significant limitation of the study is the limited availability of secondary data that can be applied to the research context. While the subject matter is widespread, there has been little research on implementing a sports education instructional program at educational facilities.

• 10 Tips for Cutting Your Word Count | The University of Adelaide
• Top Words to Avoid in Academic Writing | Useful Advices & Tricks
• Summarizing: How to effectively summarize the work of others | SFU Library
• The Writing Center | When to Summarize, Paraphrase, and...

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Sentence Shortener

In today's digital age, being concise is crucial. That's why Junia AI has developed the Sentence Shortener, an essential tool for writers and professionals. Powered by artificial intelligence, this tool can quickly reduce the length of your text by eliminating unnecessary words and improving your sentences while preserving their meaning. Whether you're writing an email, working on a report, or preparing a presentation, this tool can help you eliminate unnecessary words and make your sentences shorter and clearer.

The Sentence Shortener by Junia AI stands out with its ability to:

• Provide instant sentence reduction
• Retain the core message of your content
• Offer rephrasing options to match various writing tones

Users love this tool because it helps them communicate clearly and directly. It's not just about making the text shorter; it's about improving readability and making sure your writing has an impact. With the Sentence Shortener, you can be confident that your work will be easy for readers to understand, letting your ideas stand out without unnecessary words.

How Does Junia AI's Sentence Shortener Work?

At the core of Junia AI's Sentence Shortener is a sophisticated piece of technology. This tool uses advanced artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to perform its task quickly and accurately.

Working Mechanism

When you input a text into the Sentence Shortener, it starts by analyzing each sentence in detail. It looks at the structure, words used, overall meaning, and more. After this analysis, it finds ways to shorten the text without changing its main idea.

The advanced AI technology is crucial here. The Sentence Shortener uses machine learning algorithms that have been trained on large amounts of data. These algorithms understand human language well and can find patterns in it.

So, when the Sentence Shortener rephrases your sentences to make them shorter, it's actually using what it has learned from many examples. It knows how to convey meaning in fewer words based on its training.

Preserving Meaning

A key feature of Junia AI's Sentence Shortener is its ability to keep the original meaning of sentences while making them shorter. This is not easy - it requires analyzing language carefully and choosing the right words.

In summary, Junia AI's Sentence Shortener works by analyzing text deeply and using advanced AI technology. It uses these tools to create clear sentences that still mean the same thing as the original ones. This makes it a great tool for improving writing efficiency and effectiveness.

The Importance of Concise Writing

Consistent with the principles of effective communication, concise writing ensures that messages are delivered with maximum impact and minimal confusion. By distilling sentences to their essence, a Sentence Shortener becomes an indispensable tool for writers aiming to enhance clarity. Here are key reasons why concise writing is crucial:

• Readability : Dense paragraphs often deter readers. Short, clear sentences invite engagement, making the text more approachable and understandable .
• Precision : Conciseness eliminates superfluous words, sharpening the focus on the core message.
• Professionalism : In business and academic contexts, brevity is associated with professionalism. Conveying ideas succinctly can reflect well on one's capacity to think and communicate effectively.
• Attention Span : With the average attention span dwindling, capturing and retaining reader interest requires getting straight to the point.
• Memory Retention : Simplified information is easier to remember. When you express ideas concisely, readers are more likely to recall them.
• Time-saving : In today's fast-paced world, saving time for your reader can make a significant difference in how your written content is received.

Utilizing a Sentence Shortener not only aids in achieving concise writing but also helps in refining one’s writing style over time. Junia AI’s tool particularly stands out by offering solutions that cater to these needs without compromising the original intent of your message.

The Main Challenge in Sentence Shortening: Maintaining Context

When it comes to condensing content, it's crucial for a Sentence Shortener to preserve the essence of the original message. Reducing the length of text without losing its intended meaning is a big obstacle. If sentences are shortened without care, important details can easily be left out and the main points may become unclear.

Junia AI’s Sentence Shortener tackles this challenge using a strategic method:

• Context Retention Algorithms : The tool uses advanced algorithms that can identify the key elements in sentences that carry the main message.
• Semantic Analysis : With its deep understanding of language nuances, the AI can determine which parts of a sentence are unnecessary and which are essential for maintaining context.
• Summarizing Information : It then combines the necessary information together, making sure that every shortened sentence accurately reflects the original context.

By using Junia AI’s tool, you can be confident that your writing will be concise while still conveying your message effectively. Users can confidently compress their writing, knowing that readers will receive the intended information in a more digestible format. This intelligent approach sets Junia AI's Sentence Shortener apart, enabling efficient communication without compromising on clarity or meaning.

Frequently asked questions

• How Does Junia AI's Sentence Shortener Work? At the core of Junia AI's Sentence Shortener is a sophisticated AI technology that condenses inputted text while preserving its meaning and context.
• What are the benefits of using Junia AI's Sentence Shortener? Junia AI's Sentence Shortener helps users condense their text to be more concise, making it easier to communicate effectively in today's digital age.
• Can Junia AI's Sentence Shortener be used for any type of text? Yes, Junia AI's Sentence Shortener is designed to work with various types of text, including articles, essays, emails, and more.
• Is Junia AI's Sentence Shortener suitable for non-native English speakers? Absolutely! Junia AI's Sentence Shortener is equipped to assist non-native English speakers in refining their writing to be more concise and clear.
• Does Junia AI's Sentence Shortener take into account different writing styles and tones? Yes, Junia AI's Sentence Shortener is capable of preserving the original tone and style of the input text while making it more concise.
• Is Junia AI's Sentence Shortener free to use? Yes, Junia AI's Sentence Shortener is completely free to use.

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Identify the important ideas and facts

To help you summarize and analyze your argumentative texts , your articles, your scientific texts, your history texts as well as your well-structured analyses work of art, Resoomer provides you with a "Summary text tool" : an educational tool that identifies and summarizes the important ideas and facts of your documents. Summarize in 1-Click, go to the main idea or skim through so that you can then interpret your texts quickly and develop your syntheses .

Who is Resoomer for ?

College students.

With Resoomer, summarize your Wikipedia pages in a matter of seconds for your productivity.

Identify the most important ideas and arguments of your texts so that you can prepare your lessons.

JOURNALISTS

If you prefer simplified information that summarizes the major events, then Resoomer is for you !

Identify and understand very fast the facts and the ideas of your texts that are part of the current news and events.

PRESS RELEASES

With the help of Resoomer, go to the main idea of your articles to write your arguments and critiques .

Save time, summarize your digital documents for a relevant and fast uptake of information.

Need to summarize your books' presentations ? Identify the arguments in a matter of seconds.

Too many documents ? Simplify your readings with Resoomer like a desktop tool.

Need to summarize your chapters ? With Resoomer, go to the heart of your ideas.

Identify your books' or your authors' ideas quickly. Summarize the most important main points.

From now on, create quick summaries of your artists' presentation and their artworks .

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Identify the most important passages in texts that contains a lot of words for detailed analyses .

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SUMMARIZE YOUR ONLINE ARTICLES IN 1-CLICK

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Surf online and save time when reading on internet ! Resoomer summarizes your articles in 500 words so that you can go to the main idea of your text.

HOW DOES RESOOMER WORK ?

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Academic research

Speed up your academic research by extracting key points.

Every day use

Reduce your reading time by summarising long blocks of text within seconds.

Easily condense transcripts of long meetings into concise bullet points.

Difficult text

Simplify hard-to-read paragraphs, sentences or complete articles with 1 click.

Why use this summariser?

• 100% free: Generate unlimited summaries without paying a penny
• Accurate: Get a reliable and trustworthy summary of your original text without any errors
• No signup: Use it without giving up any personal data
• Secure: No summary data is stored, guaranteeing your privacy
• Speed: Get an accurate summary within seconds, thanks to AI
• Flexible: Adjust summary length to get more (or less) detailed summaries

How to use this summariser

1. insert, paste or download your text, 2. pick the way you want to summarise, 3. adjust your summary length, 4. get your summary in seconds.

2 ways of summarising your text

1. key sentences.

Extracts the key points of your text and turns them into digestible bullet points 

2. Concise paragraphs

Summarises your text in a concise paragraph

Summarise your text today

Want to make sure your summary doesn’t contain any plagiarism, ask our team.

Want to contact us directly? No problem. We are always here for you.

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Frequently asked questions

Yes, it can. The AI has been trained on a big dataset, so technical or complex data won’t be a problem for the text summariser .

The  text summariser  is accessible on both desktop and mobile.

This  text summariser  can condense long text within seconds.

At the moment, a maximum of 6,000 words can be summarised at once, within a few seconds. Want to summarise more? Just paste another block of text. There’s no limit on how much text you can summarise with our text summariser .

The  text summariser  can give you a longer or shorter summary, depending on your wishes. Want a more detailed summary? Just adjust the summary length at the top.

Text Compactor: Online Shorten Essay Tool

It cannot be easier to use our text compactor. Insert any text into the given window, choose the needed settings, and press the button. The results will appear in seconds!

For a person engaged in academic writing, it is crucial to save time wherever possible. There is nothing more crushing than realizing that a source you were using doesn’t fit your topic. This is especially true when it happens halfway through the text. The hours you've spent reading are lost forever, and you still have to look for new sources. This is exactly why we use essay compactors – to avoid situations such as these.

This isn’t the only reason for using summarizers. They can also be useful when you're working on your own texts. The main aims might be a) to create summaries to use as examples and b) to shorten your writing. Below, our team has discussed these points in further detail. We have also offered advice on how to effectively condense an essay on your own.

📈 Why Is a Text Compactor Useful?

👍 tips to make a text compact, 👌 online text compactor: the benefits, 🔗 references.

During your studies, you may encounter a very diverse set of tasks. You may have to write a synopsis , analyze an article, compose an essay, etc. Online tools like paragraph compactors are meant to help you with all kinds of assignments. They are free, quick, and ready to use whenever!

Besides, a text compactor has the following benefits:

• Reduces information to key ideas. When composing your papers or evaluating the work of others, you should be able to summarize the presented arguments and conclusions. Online tools automatically select and reveal all the critical elements from the given text.
• Helps to memorize and understand the data. Remembering hundreds or even thousands of sentences at a time is almost impossible. A single one can go on for an entire paragraph and have complicated jargon. Summarizing tools can shorten your sentences to a manageable length, helping you understand and memorize them better.
• Saves time. Summaries, in general, cut down the reading time. It is one of the reasons research papers typically include an abstract before the main text. In addition, digital summarizers will save you a lot of time writing and rewriting the summaries yourself.
• Assists in reviewing materials. When you study for your exams, you have tons of information to go through. If you insert the text of an article or a book chapter into the text compactor, you will immediately see its meaning. This way, you save precious revision time and keep your material organized.
• Creates abstracts, abridged texts, and more. As mentioned above, you will get many different assignments during your studies. Sometimes, you will have to write an abstract for a project. Or you might need to give a speech based on an academic paper. Online text summarization is an easy solution for these tasks and many others.

You may find it challenging to decide which elements of your work are essential. This becomes particularly worrying when your deadlines are approaching and your paper is still well above the word count. That’s why sentence compactors turn out to be life-saviors for many students.

If you insist on doing the work yourself, we have a couple of tips for you. Pay attention to them, and you won’t have any trouble shortening your writing.

Two short sentences are better than a single long one.

Lengthy sentences can be challenging to follow. They are usually packed with numerous prepositions and linking words that can be easily avoided. Breaking up drawn-out sentences into several parts will help reduce text complexity. Just pick a linking phrase or comma that you can replace with a dot and do so. But first, check what punctuation marks you should keep .

Cut down on filler words.

We are familiar with “parasite” words that appear in speech (such as “like,” “kind of,” “you know,” etc.). We may not even notice that we often use them in essay writing. Fillers are words and expressions that don’t contribute to the text’s meaning. For example, phrases like “as a matter of fact” don’t add any new information and only take up space. Try to delete them all from your writing.

Try not to sound redundant.

Like fillers, redundancies are pointless repetitions that can be removed without losing meaning. To illustrate, in the expression “final outcome,” the first word is unnecessary. That’s because both of them mean the same thing. Modifying text to get rid of the redundancies can significantly shorten it.

Stick with the active voice whenever possible.

It may seem that the passive voice sounds more professional and scholarly. However, it can also make sentences longer, more awkward, and harder to understand. Consider switching to the active voice wherever you can. It will improve readability and save space. Remember, you can always use an online sentence shortener. It will provide you with the results in seconds!

We hope that our tool will help you in your work and that you have found our text compactor useful. We have another option if you didn't like the summary you received or expected something different. Try our alternative summary generator , which is just as easy and quick to use!

How to Shorten an Essay

It is critical to make an essay more concise while maintaining its persuasiveness when shortening it. Keeping the vital arguments and evidence in the text is essential, while redundancies and complicated structures can be safely removed.

How to Shorten a Speech

Your presentation may serve various purposes. When you’re shortening it, the most important thing is not to lose the main message. Highlight the key points and use as simple and concise language as possible. This way, you can communicate your ideas effectively in less time.

How to Shorten a Paragraph

According to the rules of academic writing, one paragraph should convey one main idea. This idea is formulated in the topic sentence, and the rest sentences support and confirm it. Your task here is to preserve the meaning of the topic sentence and not lose key evidence and arguments; you can throw away unnecessary details.

• When to Summarize, Paraphrase, and Quote – The Writing Center, George Mason University
• Writing Concisely – The Writing Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• Eliminating Wordiness – Writing Resources, Hamilton College

Summarize any | in a click.

TLDR This helps you summarize any piece of text into concise, easy to digest content so you can free yourself from information overload.

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Single platform, endless summaries

Transforming information overload into manageable insights — consistently striving for clarity.

100% Automatic Article Summarization with just a click

In the sheer amount of information that bombards Internet users from all sides, hardly anyone wants to devote their valuable time to reading long texts. TLDR This's clever AI analyzes any piece of text and summarizes it automatically, in a way that makes it easy for you to read, understand and act on.

Article Metadata Extraction

TLDR This, the online article summarizer tool, not only condenses lengthy articles into shorter, digestible content, but it also automatically extracts essential metadata such as author and date information, related images, and the title. Additionally, it estimates the reading time for news articles and blog posts, ensuring you have all the necessary information consolidated in one place for efficient reading.

• Automated author-date extraction
• Related images consolidation
• Instant reading time estimation

Distraction and ad-free reading

As an efficient article summarizer tool, TLDR This meticulously eliminates ads, popups, graphics, and other online distractions, providing you with a clean, uncluttered reading experience. Moreover, it enhances your focus and comprehension by presenting the essential content in a concise and straightforward manner, thus transforming the way you consume information online.

Avoid the Clickbait Trap

TLDR This smartly selects the most relevant points from a text, filtering out weak arguments and baseless speculation. It allows for quick comprehension of the essence, without needing to sift through all paragraphs. By focusing on core substance and disregarding fluff, it enhances efficiency in consuming information, freeing more time for valuable content.

• Filters weak arguments and speculation
• Highlights most relevant points
• Saves time by eliminating fluff

Who is TLDR This for?

TLDR This is a summarizing tool designed for students, writers, teachers, institutions, journalists, and any internet user who needs to quickly understand the essence of lengthy content.

Anyone with access to the Internet

TLDR This is for anyone who just needs to get the gist of a long article. You can read this summary, then go read the original article if you want to.

TLDR This is for students studying for exams, who are overwhelmed by information overload. This tool will help them summarize information into a concise, easy to digest piece of text.

TLDR This is for anyone who writes frequently, and wants to quickly summarize their articles for easier writing and easier reading.

TLDR This is for teachers who want to summarize a long document or chapter for their students.

Institutions

TLDR This is for corporations and institutions who want to condense a piece of content into a summary that is easy to digest for their employees/students.

Journalists

TLDR This is for journalists who need to summarize a long article for their newspaper or magazine.

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Shorten sentences in just a few clicks

Make your writing concise.

Condense your message and improve clarity using our sentence shortener tool. Choose from multiple options to rephrase any sentence.

Discover different rephrasing options

Decide whether to make your text shorter or longer, more formal or informal, or even add sensory details. Customize your message to suit your readers.

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Rewrite and shorten sentences across all the apps you use, whether they’re on desktop or online.

Sentence Shortener FAQs

What is prowritingaid.

ProWritingAid is an AI-powered tool that enhances your writing abilities. The tool improves your writing for clarity, style, and impact by correcting grammatical errors and suggesting alternative ways to write sentences.

Find out more about all our features here .

Can ProWritingAid write content for me?

ProWritingAid doesn't write content for you. Instead, the tool helps you express your ideas better by offering alternative ways to write your sentences.

Is ProWritingAid free?

With a free account, you can use Rephrase to shorten sentences up to ten times a day. ProWritingAid will also fix grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors on up to 500 words. To remove these limits, you can upgrade to a paid plan .

Does ProWritingAid work everywhere online?

ProWritingAid can be used on almost all websites and online apps by installing our browser extension (Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge).

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7 Best Ways to Shorten an Essay

• Smodin Editorial Team
• Published: May 14, 2024

Are you removing a lot of words and paragraphs from your essay but still not seeing the word count budge? Whether you’re meeting a strict word count or refining your message, reducing your essay’s length without sacrificing content quality can be challenging.

Luckily, besides just aiming for the minimum word count, there are some pretty simple solutions, like using artificial intelligence, conducting thorough research, and trimming unnecessary words. But there’s more.

In this guide, we’ll unpack some practical tips to help you make your essay concise and impactful. Time to make every word count!

7 Best Ways To Shorten an Essay

Here’s a detailed breakdown of the best ways you can shorten your essay:

1. Use Artificial intelligence

When we talk about academic writing, artificial intelligence (AI) can be a game changer, especially when it comes to reducing the length of your essays.

Tools like Smodin can help make your content more concise while enhancing overall quality. AI can help you shorten your essay through the following methods:

• Automated rewriting : AI rewriting tools can reformulate existing content to make it more straightforward while maintaining the original meaning.
• Sentence simplification : Algorithms can analyze your sentences and suggest simpler alternatives, helping eliminate redundant information and reduce word count.
• Research assistance : Certain platforms have AI-powered research tools that allow you to quickly gather the most relevant information. This ensures that every word in your essay contributes to your argument without unnecessary fillers.
• Plagiarism check : Ensuring your essay is plagiarism-free is crucial. For example, Smodin’s plagiarism detection tools help you identify and replace copied content with original, concise expressions.
• Instant feedback : Receive real-time suggestions on how to streamline your text, focusing on the essentials to effectively communicate your message.
• Reference generation : Automatically generate and insert citations in the correct format, which helps save you time while maintaining the academic integrity of your essay and keeping it short.

2. Identify Unnecessary Words and Remove Them

One of the simplest yet most effective ways to shorten your essay is by identifying and eliminating unnecessary words.

This approach helps decrease word count and sharpens your arguments, making your writing more compelling. You can identify and remove extra words by doing the following:

• Spot wordy phrases : Often, phrases can be condensed without losing meaning. For example, the phrase “due to the fact that” can be replaced with “because.” Be on the lookout for wordy phrases that increase word count needlessly.
• Remove unnecessary prepositional phrases : Prepositional phrases can be redundant or add unnecessary detail. Evaluate whether these phrases add value or just extra words. Cutting them can make sentences more direct.
• Avoid redundancies : Redundant pairs like “absolutely essential” or “future plans” can be reduced to one word without losing informational value.
• Trim excess adjectives and adverbs : Adjectives and adverbs can make writing better but can also lead to over-description. Use them sparingly, especially when they don’t contribute additional meaning to the nouns and verbs they modify.
• Fewer words; more impact : Aim for brevity by using fewer words to express the same idea. This will help to reduce the word count while making your writing more impactful and clear.

3. Tighten Sentence Structure

Tightening your sentence structure is crucial for making your essay more concise and readable. Use active voice to make your writing clearer and more dynamic. This is especially important in academic writing, where you have to get to the point quickly.

In academic essays, shifting from passive voice to active voice can shorten and strengthen your sentences. For example, instead of writing, “The experiment was conducted by the students,” you can say, “The students conducted the experiment.” This reduces the number of words and places the action directly with the subject, making your sentences more direct.

Combining two separate sentences into one can streamline your ideas and reduce redundancies. Look for opportunities where sentences can be merged without losing their significance. For example, “He wrote the book. It became a bestseller.” can be rephrased as “He wrote the book, which became a bestseller.”

Also, avoid unnecessary qualifiers and modifiers that don’t add substantial information. Sentences often become bogged down with these extras, making them cluttered and long.

4. Conduct Thorough Research

When writing essays, extensive research can make the final output a lot shorter. Effective research helps you gather precise information that’s relevant to your topic. This means you’ll write more directly and avoid needless elaboration. Here’s how you can conduct research effectively:

• Define the scope of your research : Determine what information is essential to the argument. This initial step will help you focus your research efforts and prevent irrelevant data.
• Identify key sources : Begin with scholarly databases and academic journals that offer peer-reviewed articles. These sources provide credible, authoritative information that can be crucial for academic writing.
• Use precise keywords : When searching for information, use specific keywords related to your essay topic. Precision here will help find the most relevant articles and studies, reducing time spent on unnecessary reading.
• Evaluate sources : Assess the relevance and reliability of each source. Check the publication date to ensure the information is current and relevant to your topic.
• Take notes efficiently : As you research, jot down important points, quotes, and references. Organize these notes according to the sections in your essay to make writing faster.
• Synthesize information : Combine information from multiple sources to build a strong argument. This will allow you to write comprehensively and with fewer words, as each sentence carries more weight.

5. Improve Your Paragraph Structure

Streamlining paragraphs can make your essay shorter and more digestible for the reader. With a well-structured paragraph, you can focus on a single idea supported by concise statements.

Begin each paragraph with a topic sentence that clearly states the main idea. This sentence sets the direction and tone, letting the reader know what to expect. It also helps ensure that every following sentence relates directly to the main idea.

Condense supporting information by merging ideas that logically coexist within a single sentence or phrase. After that, evaluate each sentence for its contribution to the paragraph’s main idea. Remove any information that is repeated or goes into too much detail.

Focus on providing evidence and explanations that directly support the main point. You should also end each paragraph with a sentence that reinforces the main idea and potentially links to the next paragraph. This creates smooth transitions and keeps the essay focused and cohesive.

6. Refine the Introduction and Conclusion

These sections frame your essay and influence how your arguments are perceived. Here are some ways to keep them concise yet effective.

Introduction

The introduction should be engaging and concise, clearly stating the purpose and scope of your essay. Begin with a hook that grabs the reader’s attention, followed by background information that sets the context. Incorporate your thesis statement early on, ideally at the end of the intro.

The conclusion needs to reinforce the thesis. Summarize key points in the essay and show how they support the thesis. Provide a final thought that leaves the reader with something to ponder.

Also, remember to keep it tight – the conclusion isn’t a place for introducing new ideas. It should wrap up the ones you presented and prompt the reader to pose their own questions.

7. Edit and Proofread

Keep your essay concise and error-free by allocating ample time for editing and proofreading. These processes scrutinize your work at different levels, from the overall structure to word choices and punctuation. Here’s how you can go about it:

Start by reading through your entire paper to get a feel for its flow and coherence. Check if all paragraphs support your thesis statement and if section transitions are smooth. This will help you spot areas where the argument might be weak, or wording could be clearer.

Focus next on paragraph structure. Ensure each paragraph sticks to one main idea and that all sentences directly support the idea. Remove any repetitive or irrelevant sentences that don’t add value.

Then, look for clarity and style. Replace complex words with simpler alternatives to maintain readability. Keep your tone consistent throughout the paper. Adjust the sentence length and structure to enhance the flow and make it more engaging.

Proofreading

Proofreading comes after editing. The focus here is catching typing errors, grammatical mistakes, and inconsistent formatting. It’s always best to proofread with fresh eyes, so consider taking a break before this step.

Use tools like spell checkers, but don’t rely solely on them. Read your essay aloud or have someone else review it. Hearing the words can help you catch errors you may have missed.

Lastly, check for punctuation errors and ensure all citations and references are formatted according to the required academic style. This and all of the above are areas in which AI can help get the job done with speed and precision.

Why You Might Need to Shorten Your Essay

Ever heard the expression “less is more”? When it comes to academic writing, it normally is. Keeping your essays concise offers several benefits:

• Enhances clarity : A shorter essay forces you to focus on the main points and critical arguments, reducing the risk of going off-topic. This clarity makes your writing more impactful and easier for the reader to follow.
• Meets word limits : Many academic assignments have a maximum word count. Learning to express your thoughts concisely helps you stay within these limits without sacrificing essential content.
• Saves time : For both the writer and the reader, shorter essays take less time to write, revise, and read. This efficiency is especially valuable in academic settings where time is usually limited.
• Increases engagement : Readers are more likely to stay engaged with a document that gets to the point quickly. Lengthy texts can deter readers, especially if the content has unnecessary words or redundant points.
• Improves writing skills : Shortening essays helps refine your writing skills. You become better at identifying and eliminating fluff, focusing instead on what really adds value to your paper.

Overall, adopting a more succinct writing style helps you meet academic requirements and polish your communication skills.

Why Use Smodin To Shorten an Essay

Using AI-powered platforms like Smodin to shorten your essay is both the simplest and the least time-consuming method available. Here’s why you should probably make Smodin your go-to essay shortener:

• Efficiency : Smodin eases the editing process, using advanced algorithms to quickly identify areas where content can be condensed without losing meaning.
• Accuracy : With its powerful AI, Smodin ensures that the essence of your essays stays intact while getting rid of unnecessary words, making your writing more precise.
• Ease of use : Smodin is user-friendly, making it accessible even to those who aren’t the most tech-savvy. Its easy-to-grasp interface allows for seamless navigation and operation.

Smodin’s offerings

• Rewriter : Available in over 50 languages, this tool helps rewrite text to be more concise.
• Article Writer : Assists in drafting articles that are crisp and to the point.
• Plagiarism and Auto Citation : Ensures your essay is original and correctly cited, which is crucial in academic writing.
• Language Detection : Identifies the language of the text, ensuring the right adjustments are made for clarity.

All these tools and more are what make Smodin an excellent choice for academics looking to reduce the length of their essays.

Final Thoughts

Word counts can be a real headache, especially when you need to say a lot with a little. Thankfully, by identifying unnecessary words, tightening your sentences, and using tools like Smodin, you can make your essay concise without losing its meaning. Remember, a shorter essay doesn’t just meet word limits; and it’s clear, more compelling, and more likely to keep your reader engaged.

Keep it short, keep it sweet, and make every word count! Get started for free right now with Smodin.

Free Essay Shortener for Students

Looking for a tool to shorten an essay or research paper without throwing the arguments out? Try our essay shortener!

This free online instrument will reduce word count in seconds.

Have you written an essay that is way past the number of words recommended by the professor? Need help summarizing it without losing the context of your content? Try our free essay shortener tool!

• 🛠️ How Does This Tool Work?

🤔 Do I Need to Shorten My Essay?

• ✂️ 7 Ways to Shorten an Essay

🔗 References

🛠️ how does this essay shortener work.

Summarize your research paper or article using these easy steps:

• Open the document or website you would like to summarize.
• Highlight and copy the entire text you would like to process (it shouldn't exceed 15,000 characters).
• Paste the copied text into the blank field of our essay shortener.
• Specify the desired number of sentences in your final text.
• Click the "Shorten" button and enjoy the results.

Typically, an essay is shorter than a research paper , or thesis and may vary in length depending on several parameters, such as the level and subject of study, course requirements, and departmental guidelines.

Usually, your assigned essay will have clear guidelines on the required number of words or pages. The most common range is 10 to 12 pages or 2,500 to 3,000 words .

If you have exceeded your assignment's requirements, our free essay shortener is here to rescue you.

Essay Word Count Guidelines

✂️ 7 ways how to shorten an essay effectively.

You have worked hard on your assignment and spent countless hours researching, formatting the paper properly, and building your argument . Now that you are ready to submit your essay, you realize that you have exceeded your word count by a huge margin and are struggling to shorten it without losing your essay's credibility or key debating points.

Otherwise, the article may be too short, and you're running out of time to bring it to the expected word count. Our "shorten essay" tool is here to sort that headache out for you. If you want to perform the task by yourself, we’ve prepared a guideline for you.

Check for Redundancies in Your Essay

Scan your essay for any repeated points or phrases and delete them. For example, if your essay focuses on the ways to solve the issue of global warming and mentions planting trees for oxygen purification twice, you should remove one point. If you emphasize the same point in several different phrases, choose the one expressed more clearly and delete the other.

Delete Unnecessary Information

Check for any details that do not support the argument and eliminate them. For example, if you are writing about the achievements of Martin Luther King , then you don't need to write his childhood history in detail. Redundant and irrelevant details can load your essay with too many extra words.

Eliminate Unnecessary Articles

There are some elements of spoken grammar that translate poorly into written language. They make your article appear wordy and cumbersome. Using articles of speech such as "the" or "that" multiple times in a sentence becomes unnecessarily lengthy and makes your work hard to comprehend.

For instance:

"It is recorded in history books that Dr. King was active in the 1950s and the 1960s."

can be shortened to:

"Dr. King was active in the 1950s and 1960s."

Get to the Point

Be as precise as possible as you are building your argument. Getting to the point brings clarity to your argument by avoiding unnecessary deviations and reducing the wordiness of your essay.

Use an Active Voice in Your Essay

Articles that use an active voice tend to use fewer words than those with a passive voice approach. Writing your essay in an active voice also communicates your argument more effectively.

Look at the difference:

Active voice : John Snow conquered the Empire in 1510 AD. Passive voice : The Empire was brought down by John Snow in the year 1510 AD.

Remove Unnecessary Prepositions

Prepositional phrases make your essay wordier and may even reduce the quality of your argument.

Look at the difference between these two phrases:

"For most people, the reality of moving into a new city is a cause for a host of anxieties." "Moving to a new city makes most people anxious."

Avoid Redundant Adjectives and Adverbs

Adjectives and adverbs sound convincing in spoken debates but may water down your arguments in written format.

Let's look at the difference between a sentence with adverbs and adjectives and one without.

"Bill Clinton's entire presidency was absolutely scandalous and majorly controversial." "Bill Clinton's presidency was controversial."

Undoubtedly, the second sentence makes a stronger argument since it goes directly to the point. Our online generator tool can help you create such statements.

Thank you for reading this article!

Now you have learned the standard word count for various assignments and understand how to reduce word count on your paper. Still, you probably need more time to edit your paper down to the required word count. Use our online essay shortener tool to polish your paper in a few minutes.

Check the other writing tools we’ve prepared: paragraph changer and heading generator .

❓ Essay Shortener FAQ

❓ what is the minimum word count for a college essay.

College essays vary in length and topics depending on the study area and the professor's requirements for the assignment. However, the word count is often specified in the assignment description.

❓ How to Shorten an Essay?

There are several ways to shorten an essay, but the most effective way is using our online summarizer, which condenses the word count in minutes.

❓ Is There an App to Decrease Word Count?

You can use our free online essay shortener tool to reduce the word count on your essay. The tool can also be used as a rewriter to assist with phrases you are unsure of.

❓ How Long Is a Short Essay?

Essay length is determined by the nature and purpose of the essay, as well as the word count requested by your professor.

• Word Count | IOE Writing Centre - University College London
• How to reduce word count without reducing content
• Summarizing - Academic Integrity at MIT
• Guidelines for Writing a Summary - Hunter College - CUNY
• How to Shorten Your College Essay Without Ruining It! - Patch

Best Summarizing Tool for Academic Texts

Copy and paste your text

Number of sentences in results:

⚙️ 11 Best Summarizing Tools

• 🤔 How to Summarize an Article without Plagiarizing?
• 📝 How to Proofread Your Summary?

⭐ Best Summarizing Tool: the Benefits

🔗 references, ✅ 11 best summary generators to consider.

We’re here to offer the whole list of text summarizers in this article. Every tool has a strong algorithm so you won’t have to proofread a lot in order to make the summary look hand-written. The usage of such websites can be productive for your studying as long as you can focus on more important tasks and leave this routine work to online tools.

In this blog post, you’ll also find tips on successful summarizing and proofreading. These are basic skills that you will need for many assignments. To summarize text better, you’ll need to read it critically, spot the main idea, underline the essential points, and so on. As for proofreading, this skill is useful not only to students but also to professional writers.

To summarize a text, a paragraph or even an essay, you can find a lot of tools online. Here we’ll list some of these, including those that allow choose the percent of similarity and define the length of the text you’ll get.

If you’re asked to summarize some article or paragraph in your own words, one of these summary makers can become significant for getting fast results. Their user-friendly design and accurate algorithms play an important role in the summary development.

1. Summarize Bot

Summarize Bot is an easy-to-use and ad-free software for fast and accurate summary creation in our list. With its help, you can save your time for research by compressing texts. The summary maker shows the reading time, which it saves for you, and other useful statistics. To summarize any text, you should only send the message in Facebook or add the bot to Slack. The app works with various file types: including PDF, mp3, DOC, TXT, jpg, etc., and supports almost every language.

The only drawback is the absence of web version. If you don’t have a Facebook account and don’t want to install Slack, you won’t be able to enjoy this app’s features.

SMMRY has everything you need for a perfect summary—easy to use design, lots of features, and advanced settings (URL usage). If you look for a web service that changes the wording, this one would never disappoint you.

SMMRY allows you to summarize the text not only by copy-pasting but also with the file uploading or URL inserting. The last one is especially interesting. With this option, you don’t have to edit an article in any way. Just put the URL into the field and get the result. The tool is ad-free and doesn’t require registration.

Jasper is an AI-powered summary generator. It creates unique, plagiarism-free summaries, so it’s a perfect option for those who don’t want to change the wording on their own.

When using this tool, you can summarize a text of up to 12,000 characters (roughly 2,000-3,000 words) in more than 30 languages. Although Jasper doesn’t have a free plan, it offers a 7-day free trial to let you see whether this tool meets your needs.

4. Quillbot

Quillbot offers many tools for students and writers, and summarizer is one of them. With this tool, you can customize your summary length and choose between two modes: paragraph and key sentences. The former presents a summary as a coherent paragraph, while the latter gives you key ideas of the text in the form of bullet points.

What is great about Quillbot is that you can use it for free. However, there’s a limitation: you can only summarize a text of up to 1,200 words on a free plan. A premium plan extends this limit to 6,000 words. In addition, you don’t need to register to use Quillbot summarizer; just input your text and get the result.

5. TLDR This

TLDR This is a summary generator that can help you quickly summarize long text. You can paste your paper directly into the tool or provide it with a URL of the article you want to shorten.

With a free plan, you have unlimited attempts to summarize texts in the form of key sentences. TLDR This also provides advanced AI summaries, but you have only 10 of these on a free plan. To get more of them, you have to go premium, which starts at $4 per month.

HIX.AI summarizer is an AI-powered tool that can help you summarize texts of up to 10,000 characters. If you use Google Chrome or Microsoft Edge, HIX.AI has a convenient extension for you.

You can use the tool for free to check 1,000 words per week. Along with this, you get access to over 120 other AI-powered tools to help you with your writing tasks. These include essay checker, essay rewriter, essay topic generator, and many others. With a premium plan, which starts at $19.99 a month billed yearly, you also get access to GPT-4 and other advanced features.

7. Scholarcy

Scholarcy is one of the best tools for summarizing academic articles. It presents summaries in the form of flashcards, which can be downloaded as Word, PowerPoint, or Markdown files.

This tool has some outstanding features for students and researchers. For example, it creates a referenced summary, which makes it easier for you to cite the information correctly in your paper. In addition, it can find the references from the summarized article and provide you with open-access links to them. The tool can also extract tables and figures from the text and let you download them as Excel files.

Unregistered users can summarize one article per day. With a free registered account, you can make 3 summary flashcards a day. Moreover, Scholarcy offers free Chrome, Edge, and Firefox extensions that allow you to summarize short and medium-sized articles.

Frase is an AI-powered summary generator that is available for free. The tool can summarize texts of up to 600-700 words. Therefore, it’s good if you want to, say, summarize the main points of your short essay or blog post to write a conclusion. However, if you need summaries of long research articles, you should choose another option.

This summary generator allows you to adjust the level of creativity, meaning that you can generate original, plagiarism-free summaries. Frase also has lots of extra features for SEO and project management, which makes it a good option for website content creators.

9. Resoomer

Resoomer is another paraphrasing and summarizing tool that works with several languages. You’re free to use the app in English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish.

This online tool may be considered as one of the best text summarizers in IvyPanda ranking, because it allows performing many custom settings. For example, you can click to Manual and set the size of the summary (in percent or words). You can also set the number of keywords for the tool to focus on.

Among its drawbacks, we would mention that the software works only with argumentative texts and won’t reword other types correctly. Also, free version contains lots of ads and does not allow its users to import files. The premium subscription costs 4.90€ per month or 39.90€/year.

10. Summarizer

Summarizer is another good way to summarize any article you read online. This simple Chrome extension will provide you with a summary within a couple of clicks. Install the add-on, open the article or select the piece of text you want to summarize and click the button “Summarize”.

The software processes various texts in your browser, including long PDF articles. The result of summarizing has only 7% of the original article. This app is great for all who don’t want to read long publications. However, it doesn’t allow you to import file or download the result.

11. Summary Generator

The last article and essay Summary Generator in our list which can be helpful for your experience in college or university. This is free open software everyone can use.

The tool has only two buttons—one to summarize the document and the other to clear the field. With this software, you’ll get a brief summary based on your text. You don’t have to register there to get your document shortened.

Speaking about drawbacks of the website, we would mention too many ads and no options to summarize a URL or document, set up the length of the result and export it to the popular file types.

These were the best online summarizing tools to deal with the task effectively. We hope some of them became your favorite summarizers, and you’ll use them often in the future.

Not sure if a summarizer will work for your paper? Check out this short tutorial on how the text summarizing tool can come in handy for essay writing.

🤔 Techniques & Tools to Summarize without Plagiarizing

Of course, there are times when you can’t depend on online tools. For example, you may be restricted to use them in a class or maybe you have to highlight some specific paragraphs and customizing the tool’s settings would take more time and efforts than summary writing itself.

In this chapter, you’ll learn to summarize a long article, essay, research paper, report, or a book chapter with the help of helpful tips, a logical approach, and a little bit of creativity.

Here are some methods to let you create a fantastic summary.

• Know your goal. To choose the right route to your goal, you need to understand it perfectly. Why should you summarize the text? What is its style: scientific or publicistic? Who is the author? Where was the article published? There are many significant questions that can help to adapt your text better. Develop a short interview to use during the summary writing. Include all the important information on where you need to post the text and for what purpose.
• Thorough reading. To systemize your thoughts about the text, it’s significant to investigate it in detail. Read the text two or more times to grasp the basic ideas of the article and understand its goals and motives. Give yourself all the time you need to process the text. Often we need a couple of hours to extract the right results from the study or learn to paraphrase the text properly.
• Highlight the main idea. When writing a summary, you bear a responsibility for the author. Not only you have to extract the significant idea of the text but to paraphrase it correctly. It’s important not to misrepresent any of the author’s conclusions in your summary. That’s why you should find the main idea and make sure, you can paraphrase it without a loss of meaning. If possible, read a couple of professional reviews of a targeted book chapter or article. It can help you to analyze the text better.
• Mark the arguments. The process of summarizing is always easier if you have a marker to highlight important details in the text. If you don’t have a printed text, there’s always Microsoft Word to use a highlight tool on the paper. Try to mark all arguments, statistics, and facts in the text to represent them in your summary. This information will turn into key elements of the summary you’ll create, so keep attention on what you highlight exactly.
• Take care of plagiarism. Before you start writing, learn what percent of originality should you aim at. Various projects have different requirements. And they determine how many efforts you should put into writing to get a perfect summary your teacher will like. Depending on the percent of originality, build a plan for your short text. Allow yourself copy as much information as allowed to save your time.
• Build a structure. With the help of key elements, which you’ve highlighted in the text, it’s possible to create a powerful structure including all the interesting facts and arguments. Develop an outline according to a basic structure – introduction, body, and conclusion. Even if your summary is extremely short, the main idea should sound in both the first and last sentences.
• Write a draft. If you’re not a professional writer, it can be extremely difficult to develop a text with the correct word count on the first try. We advise you to develop a general text firstly – include all the information without controlling the number of sentences.
• Cut out the unnecessary parts. On this step, you should edit the draft and eliminate the unnecessary parts. Keep in mind, the number of sentences your summary must contain. Make sure the main point is fully represented in the text. You can cut out any sentence except those concluding the significant arguments.
• Wordiness – you should delete unnecessary words, which make it difficult to understand the text
• Common mistakes – mistakes made in academic papers are basically the same, so it’s helpful to have an article like this one when you’re proofreading
• Appropriate terminology – for each topic, there’s a list of the terminology you can use
• Facts and statistics – you can accidently write a wrong year or percent, make sure to avoid these mistakes
• Quotes – every quote should be written correctly and have a link to its source.

📝 How to Proofread the Summarized Text?

Now, when you know how to summarize an article, it’s time to edit your text whether it’s your own writing or a summary generator’s results.

In this chapter, you’ll see the basic ways to proofread any type of text: academic paper (essay, research paper, etc.), article, letter, book’s chapter, and so on.

• Proofread your summary. Are there times when you can’t remember an appropriate synonym? Then you should use Thesaurus and analogous services from time to time. They can expand your vocabulary a lot and help to find the right words even in the most challenging situations.
• Pay attention to easily confused words. It’s especially significant if you edit a nonfiction text – there’s a number of words people often confuse without even realizing. English Oxford Living Dictionaries have a list of these word pairs so you won’t miss any.
• Proofread one type of mistakes at a time. To edit a paper properly don’t split your attention to grammar and punctuation—this way you can miss dozens of mistakes. To get more accurate results, read the first time to edit the style, the second to eliminate grammar mistakes, and the third to proofread punctuation. Take as many times as you need to concentrate on each type.
• Take a rest from your paper. If you use an online summarizing tool, you can skip this step. But if you’ve been writing a paper for several hours and now trying to edit it without taking a break, it may be a bad idea. Why? Because without a fresh pair of eyes there’s a great possibility not to spot even obvious mistakes. Give yourself some time to slightly forget the text—go for a walk or call a friend, and then return to work as a new person.
• Hire a proofreader. If you need to get perfect results, think about hiring a professional. Skills and qualification, which they have, guarantee a perfect text without any mistakes or style issues. Once you find a proofreader, you can optimize your work perfectly. Search for specialists on freelance websites like UpWork — it’s comfortable and safe to use. Of course, there’s one flaw you should think about—hiring a pro is expensive. So, everyone should decide on their own whether they need to spend this money or not.
• Switch your paper with a friend. If you can’t afford a professional editor, there’s a less expensive option—ask a friend to look through your paper and proofread theirs in return. Make sure, you both make manual editing, not just check it with Microsoft Office or analogous software. Although there are great grammar tools, they still can’t spot many mistakes obvious to a human.
• Use grammar checking tools. We recommend you not to depend on multiple grammar tools. But the assistance it can offer is irreplaceable. Start your proofreading by scanning your text with Grammarly or an analogous tool. The service detects many types of errors including confusing words’ pairs, punctuation, misspellings, wordiness, incorrect word order, unfinished sentences, and so on. Of course, you should never correct the mistakes without thinking on every specific issue. Tools not only miss a lot of mistakes but they also can be wrong about your errors.
• Read aloud. It’s amazing how different the written text can sound when read aloud. If you practice this proofreading method, you know that many mistakes can be spotted if you actually pronounce the text. Why does it happen? People understand information better if they perceive it with the help of different senses. You can use this trick even in learning— memorize the materials with the help of reading, listening, and speaking.

These tips are developed to help students proofread their papers easily. We hope this chapter and the post itself create a helpful guide on how to summarize an article.

Here you found the best summarizing tools, which are accessible online and completely free, and learned to summarize various texts and articles on your own.

Updated: Dec 19th, 2023

• Summarizing: Academic Integrity at MIT
• 4 of the Best Online Summarizer Tools to Shorten Text: maketecheasier
• Summarizing: University of Toronto
• 5 Easy Summarizing Strategies for Students: ThoughtCo.
• Summarizing: Texas A&M University Writing Center
• Comparative Study of Text Summarization Methods: Semantic Scholar
• How to Write a Summary: UTEP
• How to Write a Summary: UW
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Transcript of Trump Manhattan Trial, May 14, 2024

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New York State’s court system is releasing transcripts from each day of the Manhattan criminal trial against former President Donald J. Trump, who is accused of falsifying business records to cover up a sex scandal that threatened to derail his 2016 campaign. He has pleaded not guilty.

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Michael Cohen, Donald Trump’s former fixer, faced a fierce cross-examination  in the trial, as the defense tried to tear down  the prosecution’s key witness.

Over the course of two days of testimony, Cohen has detailed the $130,000 he gave to the porn star Stormy Daniels  to silence her account of a sexual encounter with Trump, and how Trump repaid him  after winning the presidency.

Trump’s trial has become a staging ground  for Republicans, including House Speaker Mike Johnson  and Senator J.D. Vance of Ohio , to prove their fealty to the former president.

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Opera Lafayette’s French Baroque Gems Enliven Spring on the Upper East Side

The company's smallish original-instrument orchestra began roughly but quickly found its footing under the experienced guidance of guest conductor christophe rousset..

For nearly three decades, Opera Lafayette has steadily been expanding America’s understanding of 17th- and 18th-century opera and more specifically, works of the French baroque. Founded during the 1995-96 season in Washington, D.C. by violinist-conductor Ryan Brown , the company has lately been performing in both D.C. and New York City, where it recently completed one of its strongest seasons with the modern premiere of Jean-Joseph Mouret’s delicious Les Fêtes ou le Triomphe de Thalie. 

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The company began with concerts of chamber music and one-act operas but soon moved on to concert performances of grander full-length rarities like Rameau’s Hippolyte et Aricie and Lully’s Acis et Galatée. Eventually, it began to record its offerings on the Naxos label beginning with Gluck’s Orphée ed Eurydice and Sacchini’s Oedipe à Colone , and the company found a special niche reviving and recording opéra-comiques , brief comic operas with spoken dialogue that began to flourish in the final decades of the 18th Century. Works from composers like Monsigny, Grétry and Philidor, once familiar only as titles in The Grove Dictionary of Opera, came alive in Opera Lafayette productions that mixed North American and European singers under Brown’s baton.

The company began to expand its role in rediscovering forgotten primarily French works by surrounding its excavations with streaming informative talks leading up to performances and commissioning essays from scholars that appear in the glossy collectible programs published for each new season. The past three series have been dedicated to influential 18th-century women: Marie Antoinette , followed by two of Louis XIV’s most consequential mistresses, Madame De Pompadour and Madame de Maintenon —the latter being the inspiration for the 2023-24 season.

Long forgotten, Mouret won his slim slice of immortality in the 1970s when his brief Rondeau became the theme for PBS’s long-running Masterpiece Theatre.

Otherwise, his works are rarely performed or recorded, though that may change when the new Opera Lafayette edition of Les Fêtes de Thalie (its shortened title) by harpsichordist Korneel Bernolet becomes widely available. Working from versions of Thalie on which Mouret toiled from 1714 to 1720, Bernolet resurrected a delightful addition to the genre known as opéra-ballet. Arising in the late 17th Century as a lighter, more accessible counterpart to the longer, serious tragédie lyrique created by Jean-Baptiste Lully , an opéra-ballet usually consisted of a prologue followed by three or four discrete mini-operas called entrées that regularly featured lots of dancing.

André Campra composed several important early ones, including Le Carnival de Venise which the Boston Early Music Festival revived in 2017 and Les Fêtes Vénitiennes brought the previous year to the Brooklyn Academy of Music by the noted French group Les Arts Florissants. Fêtes shows up in the titles of many of these works: Rameau alone composed three, Les Fêtes d’Hébê, Les Fêtes de L’Hymen et de l’Amour (which Opera Lafayette performed in 2015 and released on DVD) and Les Fêtes de Polymnie. However, the best-known and most widely performed opéra-ballet would be Rameau’s Les Indes Galantes.

The three downright hilarious entrêes of Mouret’s Thalie (AKA the Greek muse of comedy) wittily chart three stages of womanhood: La Fille, La Femme and La Veuve Coquette or The Girl, The Wife and The Coquettish Widow. In Opera Lafayette’s economical production performed at Museo del Barrio, La Fille embraced its maritime setting where a young sailor outwits the amorous advances of his beloved’s mother (!) portrayed with just the right bawdy spirit by tenor Patrick Kilbride in drag. Next, the Widow, ecstatically happy to be released from the burdens of marriage, flirts with a pair of suitors she has no intention of accepting. Perhaps in a sly nod to the new film Challengers about a fraught romantic triangle, the two rejected men exited arm-in-arm. In the final entrêe, a wise wife exposes her philandering husband whose eye has landed on a masked woman who proves to be his own wife in disguise.

SEE ALSO: With Electrifying New Casts, the Met’s ‘Carmen’ and ‘Butterfly’ Are Worth a Second Look

Joseph de La Font ’s amusing if slim plots function primarily to give Mouret many opportunities to adorn them with fancifully beguiling ariettes, duets and especially suites for dancing. Five choreographers— Julian Donahue , Julia Bengtsson , Anuradha Negru , Pragnya Thamire and Caroline Copeland —gave their small troupe of dancers spirited and inventive steps for Mouret’s consistently engaging ballets which are full of irresistible earworms.

Opera Lafayette’s smallish original-instrument orchestra began roughly but quickly found its footing under the experienced guidance of guest conductor Christophe Rousset whose vast experience in this repertoire with his own group Les Talens Lyriques assured that Thalie was in the best of hands. Rousset’s unerring feel for Mouret’s music brought a suave vigor to the infectious dance movements, and his singers brought a stylish elegance to their often tart interchanges.

When I saw that Angel Azzara ’s repertoire included dramatic soprano roles by Richard Strauss and Puccini, I feared that she would be miscast in delicate French baroque music. Instead, she revealed a richly insouciant command that delighted as Melpomène and Doris. A late replacement to the cast, Paulina Francisco sparkled as the capering Thalie, while Ariana Wehr’s bright soprano rang out sweetly in several saucy soubrette roles. Pascale Beaudin slyly evoked the Widow and the Wife’s worldly wiles.

Mouret gave the men less interesting roles, but Jonathan Woody strutted with fatuous conviction as Cléon, the Girl’s father. While tenor Jean-Bernard Cerin began weakly as the harassed sailor, he brought a winningly pompous hauteur to Dorante, the would-be adulterer brought to his senses by his wise wife. When not performing one of their roles, the singers banded together offstage for Mouret’s inventive choruses, though double the number of singers would have done those pieces greater justice.

New York City hosted stellar performances of French baroque opera long before Les Arts Florissants began visiting and Opera Lafayette was founded. During the 1980s and early 90s Concert Royal, conducted by James Richman , brought local audiences many fine Rameau performances, several directed and choreographed by Catherine Turocy who returned to Opera Lafayette to neatly bring together all of Thalie’ s singers and dancers in a joyously captivating evening.

Two nights later, six singers and a small instrumental ensemble gathered under Justin Taylor ’s direction at St. Peter’s Church for “From Saint-Cyr to Cannons: Moreau and Handel’s Esther ,” an intriguing program much closer to the serious character of Madame de Maintenon. It explored two musical responses to Racine’s sacred drama Esther. The playwright’s works often featured incidental music, and Jean-Baptiste Moreau ’s composed his for the play’s 1689 premiere consisting of ten graceful instrumental and vocal selections.

Though lacking Charpentier’s genius, Moreau’s vocal writing similarly relishes the intertwining female voices accompanied by strings and recorders. Together, Francisco, Elisse Albian and Kristen Dubenion-Smith often achieved a spellbindingly seraphic blend enhanced by St. Peter’s warmly reverberant acoustic. Taylor, conducting from the harpsichord, drew exquisite playing from his band which also excelled in Handel’s more aggressive music; here, fourteen numbers were excerpted from the composer’s early English oratorio.

Francisco, an American singer and scholar who this season has also been touring the world in Purcell’s The Fairy Queen as a member of Le Jardin des Voix, Les Arts Florissants’s young artist group, sang Esther’s arias with a plangently crystalline soprano and partnered beautifully with Jesse Darden in the haunting duet “Who calls my parting soul from death.” While I imagined that Taylor’s six singers would stick to arias and duets, they combined with remarkable success for several of Handel’s complex choruses. Woody (who also excelled as the braggart Haman), Darden and Jacob Perry joined the ladies in the stirring “Forever Blessed” that concludes the oratorio.

While Opera Lafayette has mostly stuck to works from the 17th and 18th Centuries, a while back it ventured into the 19th for Felicien David ’s Lalla Roukh. For its upcoming 30th season, Brown’s final one as artistic director, the group will again present a true rarity: the world premiere of Edmond Dédé’s 1887 Morgiane, the earliest known opera by a Black American.  

During the weekend following Opera Lafayette’s baroque festival, The Sebastians, the local period-instrument ensemble, offered a provocative all-instrumental follow-up entitled “The 24 Violins Cross the Alps” at the Brick Presbyterian Church. Les Vingt-Quatre Violons was the name of Lully’s top-notch orchestra and The Sebastians programmed a few of that composer’s compositions and placed them alongside several by Muffat and Corelli who although not French were much influenced by Lully.

The result was an entrancing eighty minutes of sumptuous music-making by the young orchestra of twenty-four violins, violas and cellos filling out the five-part string writing with an additional four instrumentalists providing continuo support, plus a percussionist whose contributions were the afternoon’s only sour notes. It was quite disconcerting to hear a drum and some species of triangle during the concert’s opening selection, the overture to Lully’s well-known Atys. Although the drum added considerable verve to dance movements from Lully’s Ballet du Palais d’Alcine, the triangle always sounded intrusive, even inappropriate, particularly during excerpts from Muffat’s superb Armonico tributo. 

Otherwise, the group’s vital musicians produced wonderfully varied and lush sounds that reached their apex in the ravishing trio of chaconnes that concluded the concert. Particularly impressive was the famous “Passagaglia Grave” from the fifth Armonico sonata in which a small group featuring Daniel Lee, Nicholas DiEugenio and Ezra Seltzer alternated in sections with the entire orchestra for a richly ecstatic end to a special week of newly rediscovered baroque delights.

• SEE ALSO : Will Keen On Playing Vladimir Putin On Broadway in ‘Patriots’

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