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Ethics Case Study: Five Types of Case Studies You Shouldn’t Miss Out On!

The General Studies IV paper of the UPSC Mains Exams mainly focuses on the three parts, i.e. Integrity, Aptitude, and Ethics. GS IV paper has two sections, Section A and Section B. Section B is based on an ethics case study and holds a weightage of 125 marks.

As a UPSC aspirant, you must write appropriate ethical answers to all the case studies asked. It is of utmost importance that you focus on some of the frequently appearing case studies on ethical issues, as this is a major category.

Business Ethics Case Studies

CASE STUDY 1

XYZ Limited is a multinational company which carries out a variety of businesses. This company is generating multiple jobs and also holds a large share base. To grow its branches, it has decided to develop a business in an undeveloped area. Being energy adept this project will save 15% of the production costs.

The government policy of no payment of tax for 5 years for those who invest in undeveloped areas goes hand in hand. But this project will disturb the natural habitat as well. So the residential people started protests. The company tried to manage the issue by making them understand the importance and benefits of this project. Despite all efforts of the company, the people residing in this area opted for the judiciary.

• What are the problems involved in this situation?
• What steps can be taken to satisfy the demands of the company and people who stay there?

Engineering Ethics Cases

CASE STUDY 2

An engineer gets employment in the prestigious chemical industry. The pay from this company is also decent. Within a short span, he discovers a kind of waste that has a high amount of toxicity, is dismissed in the nearby river illegally. This is causing many health-related issues for the people consuming this river water nearby.

He informs his fellow workers about this issue, but they suggest to be quiet. On one hand, he is the only working man in his family and can’t risk his job. On the other, his fellow mates’ suggestion feels wrong as the people are suffering from the consumption of toxic water. You seem an advisable person to him, so he asks for your help.

• What conflicts can you bring up for making him understand that being silent is not a correct option?
• What type of conduct will you suggest to him and why?

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Ethical Case Studies in Education

CASE STUDY 3

Currently, you are a Development Officer at a district level. Recently there has been a dispute in one of the villages of your district. The senior groups in this village do not want girls to go out of their houses to study, as it is unsafe. As per them, girls should marry at an early age with less education. The competition is increasing, and male employment is declining due to young girls thinking about their individuality, taking steps for education and freedom.

The situation is heated. Everyday discussions are around these issues. One day you are informed that girls were molested while returning from schools. This led to another huge argument. After fighting their guts, the seniors decided not to send girls to schools and avoid other families who send their girls to study.

• What action would you take to ensure safety and assure the education of these girls?
• How would you handle the patriarchal approach of the senior generation and spread a word of peace in the village? How would you deal with the senior generation’s patriarchal approach, and spread a word of peace in the village?

Professional Ethics Case Study

CASE STUDY 4

A staff member junior to you took a leave on account of her mother’s illness. She joined again a few days ago. Her mother is old as well as very sick. She has been handling both her mothers’ care adjustments and her job at the same time. At times she has to leave the workplace early or arrive late. This created extra pressure on her co-workers as well. You are the manager of this company.

One of her male co-workers stated that she is a female and should stay at home rather than work, which added more stress on her shoulders.

• As a manager, how would you handle the workload suspended on other co-workers?
• How would you use your professional integrity to correct the male co-worker?

Ethics in Finance Case Study

CASE STUDY 5

You are a chief officer in a ministry. As a result, you are allowed to take all the important decisions related to construction and road development. The ministry is all set to announce a huge road consignment. Ample care was taken by the officials to use government land majorly and to make less usage of private land. Also, with minimum deforestation, the road plan was finalized.

At the same time, one of the related ministers insisted that you must change the roadways in such a way that comes closer to his huge farmhouse. He also promises to buy a plot legally in your name after this realignment of this road. But this realignment project will cause a burden on government finances. Many agricultural lands fall under this realignment of the road. Also, hundreds of trees would be demolished for the same.

• What would you do in such a situation?
• What are the areas of arguments and improvements in this situation?
• What is your responsibility as a servant of the public?

The format in the above case studies is usually what is asked in Section B of the GS IV paper in the UPSC Exams. These case studies are of great significance and carry huge weightage in the civil service exams. Along with these case studies, many case studies like nonprofit ethics case study and administration ethics case study also have a good amount of weightage.

You must focus intensively on case studies on ethical issues to score brilliantly in your UPSC exams. Your answers should contain ethical terms and an appropriate approach. Practising various kinds of ethics case studies regularly for IAS will keep you intact with the approach you have to maintain. It will also develop a useful skill to write productive and efficient case study answers.

We here at UPSC Pathshala will keep bringing you important content related to UPSC exams. Stay updated with our regular blogs to come across useful tips, tricks, strategies, and suggestions for UPSC exams.

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These different ethics case studies have helped me a lot for my preparation, will try to answer these questions in an ethical manner.

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Ethical Dilemma: 10 Heartbreaking Case Studies

Last updated on April 2, 2024 by Alex Andrews George

In a small village in Maharashtra, a teacher named Ravi and his wife Maya, a nurse, faced a tough choice after an earthquake.

The only hospital in the village was damaged, and they could only save one life with the limited medical supplies: Maya’s critically injured mother or a young and bright boy from Ravi’s school, who also needed urgent surgery.

Choosing between saving Maya’s mother, who meant everything to her, or the young boy, who represented the village’s future, was heartbreakingly difficult.

This story highlights the painful decisions we sometimes must make, where saving one life means losing another, testing our deepest values and principles.

Based on this story, we dive into the complex world of ethical dilemmas and moral conflicts, where choices are never black and white, and every decision carries the weight of unforeseen consequences.

Table of Contents

What is an ethical dilemma?

An ethical dilemma occurs when a person is faced with a situation that requires a choice between two or more conflicting ethical principles or values .

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In such dilemmas, no matter what choice is made, some ethical principle is compromised.

The essence of an ethical dilemma is that it involves a difficult decision-making process where, typically, a clear-cut right or wrong answer doesn’t exist, or if it does, it may carry significant negative consequences for someone involved.

Definition of ethical dilemma

An ethical dilemma is a complex situation that often involves an apparent mental conflict between moral imperatives, in which to obey one would result in transgressing another.

It’s characterized by:

• Conflicting Values: Individuals or organizations must choose between competing ethical principles or values.
• No Perfect Solution: Each choice involves a compromise or violation of an ethical principle.
• Significant Consequences: The choices have significant potential impacts on the well-being or rights of individuals or groups.

5 Cases of Ethical Dilemma

Ethical dilemmas can arise across various fields and situations, reflecting the complexity of moral decisions in real-world scenarios. Here are more examples:

1. Loyalty to the employer vs. the moral obligation to protect the public and the environment

• An employee discovers that their company is engaging in illegal activities, such as dumping toxic waste into a river, which is both environmentally damaging and a serious health hazard to nearby communities.
• The employee faces an ethical dilemma between reporting the misconduct, potentially leading to legal action against the company and safeguarding public and environmental health, and remaining silent to protect their job and the livelihoods of their colleagues.
• Ethical Dilemma: Loyalty to the employer vs. the moral obligation to protect the public and the environment.

2. Upholding academic integrity vs. loyalty to a friend.

• A student witnesses a close friend cheating during an important exam.
• If the friend is reported and found guilty, they could face severe consequences, including failing the course or expulsion, which might ruin their academic career and future prospects.
• The student is torn between reporting the cheating, which is an honest action, and protecting their friend’s future.
• Ethical Dilemma: Upholding academic integrity vs. loyalty to a friend.

3. The safety of passengers vs. the safety of pedestrians

• Programmers of autonomous vehicles face an ethical dilemma in creating algorithms for unavoidable accidents.
• For example, if an accident is inevitable and the choice is between altering the vehicle’s path to avoid hitting a pedestrian, thereby endangering the passengers, or protecting the passengers at the cost of the pedestrian’s life, how should the car be programmed to act?
• Ethical Dilemma: The safety of passengers vs. the safety of pedestrians.

4. The duty to report news truthfully vs. the potential harm to public safety and societal peace

• A journalist obtains exclusive footage of a terrorist group committing an atrocity.
• Publishing the footage could inform the public about the severity of the situation and the threat posed by the terrorist group, but it could also spread fear, possibly lead to public panic, and serve the terrorists’ goal of gaining attention for their cause.
• Dilemma: The duty to report news truthfully vs. the potential harm that such reporting might cause to public safety and societal peace.

5. Upholding the client-lawyer confidentiality vs. the moral responsibility to prevent future crimes.

• A defence attorney knows their client is guilty of a serious crime and intends to commit similar crimes in the future.
• The attorney faces an ethical dilemma between maintaining client confidentiality, a cornerstone of legal ethics, and the moral obligation to prevent future harm.
• Ethical Dilemma: Upholding the client-lawyer confidentiality vs. the moral responsibility to prevent future crimes.

These examples highlight the range and depth of ethical dilemmas that individuals can face, requiring them to weigh competing values and principles against the backdrop of potential consequences for their actions or inactions.

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Moral Conflicts

Ethical dilemmas and moral conflicts are closely related concepts that often overlap in discussions of ethics and morality, but they can be distinguished by their context and the nature of the choices they involve.

Ethical Dilemma

An ethical dilemma arises when a person must choose between two or more actions that have ethical implications, making it difficult to decide what is the right or wrong course of action.

Ethical dilemmas often involve a decision-making process where each option violates some ethical principle or value, leading to a situation where no choice is entirely free from ethical fault.

These dilemmas typically occur within a specific professional, societal, or organizational context and involve considering external codes of ethics, laws, or social norms.

Moral Conflict

Moral conflict, on the other hand, refers to a situation where an individual’s values, principles, or beliefs conflict, leading to an internal struggle about the right course of action.

Moral conflicts are deeply personal and subjective, focusing on an individual’s conscience and moral reasoning rather than external rules or codes.

While ethical dilemmas might require an individual to choose between competing external obligations or duties, moral conflicts involve a more introspective struggle with one’s values and beliefs.

Key Differences Between Ethical Dilemmas and Moral Conflict

• Context: Ethical dilemmas often involve a choice between actions in a professional or social context, where external codes of conduct or laws must be considered. Moral conflicts are internal struggles over personal values and beliefs.
• Nature of Conflict: Ethical dilemmas typically involve competing ethical principles or obligations, where adhering to one may lead to the violation of another. Moral conflicts are about reconciling conflicting personal morals or values.
• Resolution: Resolving an ethical dilemma often involves choosing the “lesser evil” or the option that upholds the most critical ethical principle in a given context. Solving a moral conflict might require personal reflection, growth, and a deeper understanding of one’s own values.

While they are distinct, ethical dilemmas and moral conflicts can occur simultaneously, complicating the decision-making process further.

A person might face an ethical dilemma at work (e.g., whether to report a colleague’s wrongdoing) that also triggers a moral conflict (e.g., loyalty to a friend versus commitment to honesty).

This interplay underscores the complexity of ethical and moral reasoning in real-world situations.

5 Cases of Moral Conflicts

Moral conflicts arise when individuals face situations requiring them to choose between two or more conflicting moral principles or values. Here are five examples illustrating such conflicts:

1. Honesty vs. Compassion

• Situation: You find out that a close friend has lied on their resume to get a job they desperately need.
• Conflicting Morals: The value of honesty (telling the truth or reporting the lie) conflicts with compassion (understanding your friend’s desperate situation and wanting to support them).

2. Loyalty vs. Justice

• Situation: A family member is involved in a minor legal infraction and asks you to provide them with an alibi to avoid consequences.
• Conflicting Morals: Loyalty to your family member, wishing to protect them, conflicts with your sense of justice and the importance of facing legal consequences for one’s actions.

3. Self-sacrifice vs. Self-preservation

• Situation: During a disaster, you have the opportunity to save others by putting yourself in significant danger, or ensure your own safety, knowing others might not survive.
• Conflicting Morals: The principle of self-sacrifice, putting the needs of others before your own, conflicts with self-preservation, the instinct to protect oneself from harm.

4. Equality vs. Meritocracy

• Situation: In a workplace, you must decide between promoting an employee who has worked longer at the company (seniority) and another who has shown exceptional skill and productivity but has less tenure.
• Conflicting Morals: The value of treating everyone equally and fairly conflicts with meritocracy, where rewards are based on individual achievement and capabilities.

5. Freedom vs. Security

• Situation: In governing a community, you must decide whether to implement strict security measures that infringe on personal freedoms to ensure public safety.
• Conflicting Morals: The importance of individual freedom and autonomy conflicts with the collective need for security and protection from harm.

These examples highlight the complexity of moral conflicts, where deciding in favour of one value inevitably leads to the compromise or negation of another , reflecting the nuanced nature of ethical decision-making.

Also read: Ethical Concerns and Dilemmas In Government And Private Institutions

The moments of ethical dilemmas and moral conflicts challenge us to weigh our values against the harsh realities of our circumstances, pushing us to make decisions that can redefine who we are and what we stand for.

The story of Ravi and Maya, the couple torn between family and community, serves as a poignant reminder of the complex nature of ethical decision-making .

Such dilemmas compel us to question not just our morality but the very essence of what it means to be human.

They remind us that there are no easy answers in the pursuit of doing what is right.

Whether it’s choosing between fairness and loyalty, or the welfare of one versus the greater good, these decisions are laden with the weight of potential regret and the hope for understanding and forgiveness.

In conclusion, ethical dilemmas and moral conflicts are not mere philosophical quandaries to be pondered from afar; they are real, lived experiences that test our integrity , empathy , and courage.

As we tread this precarious path, let us strive for a balance between our duties to others and our commitment to our principles, recognizing that we can confront and navigate these dilemmas that ultimately define our humanity.

The journey through these challenges is arduous and fraught with uncertainty, but it is also a testament to the strength and resilience of the human spirit, ever aspiring to a higher standard of morality and justice.

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About Alex Andrews George

Alex Andrews George is a mentor, author, and social entrepreneur. Alex is the founder of ClearIAS and one of the expert Civil Service Exam Trainers in India.

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How to Solve Case Studies for Ethics Paper - UPSC Mains 2022

Aug 16, 2022

Navigate Quickly

Follow a standard framework, be specific.

Practice Writing

Track Your Time

Follow the steps below to ensure that you always write good answers for the case study questions. 

You must have a standard framework for writing case study answers. This ensures that your answer is well structured and easy to understand for the examiner. 

Otherwise, you waste time figuring out where to start and what to write. You also run the risk of moving away from addressing the core issue. 

Here is a standard framework you can use

• The Core Issue

Here you have to capture the essence of the entire case study in a few lines. Let us take the earlier example of development vs. environment dilemma. 

On one hand, you are dealing with the dilemma of deciding whether or not to approve the construction of a factory that will generate thousands in employment and bring hope to many families. 

On the other hand, you are dealing with the issue that factories will generate a lot of non-biodegradable waste, pollute the environment and cause the life expectancy of the people around them to decrease. 

Here, the core issue can be summarised as a “dilemma of choosing between development and the environment. ”

• Stakeholders

Here you need to list the people directly or indirectly affected by the problem. 

To continue the above example, the stakeholders are the employees, the government, the public, local families, investors, shareholders, and yourself.   The stakeholders involved will differ according to the case study you are given.

• List the Ethical Issues Involved

Here you have to list all the ethical issues you will face. For example, in a whistleblowing case you as an IAS officer have to decide whether to let the public know about some wrongdoing in your department that harms the public interest or ignore the matter and be loyal to your organisation. 

If you decide to be a whistleblower, you know that you will be ostracized and your colleagues will stand against you. 

The ethical dilemmas, in this case, will be “Personal Loss as against Public Interest” and “Organisational Loyalty as against Public Interest.”

• Write the Options Available and Their Merits and Demerits

Study the given situation and write 3-4 choices you have along with their merits and demerits. One or two choices might be too extreme to be considered. Nonetheless, you still have to list them as they are options. 

• Decide Your Final Course of Action  

Here you list the final course of action that you would pursue. This can be one of the options you listed above or a combination of them. 

Once you have decided the course of action you want to take, present clear arguments along with quotes and examples to support your view. 

Usually, the best course of action is the most practical one. Try to come up with an action that you believe will be easily doable amidst all government rules and regulations and is possible with the available resources that you as an administrative officer at that time would possess. 

When you are listing out your final course of action, be specific in mentioning what you aim to do. Put yourself in the shoes of an administrator and think like a civil servant. 

Let’s assume you have to decide whether to allocate land to a helpless, lonely, widowed woman without proper documentation that verifies her claim to the land. 

Here the dilemma is, “Upholding the law as against Public Interest.”

In this situation, you should not simply write, “I will follow the law and refuse to allocate the land as she lacks the proper documentation. However, I will ensure that she gets help.”

You have to list concrete steps that you will take in this situation. Write something like this, “I will follow the law and refuse to allocate the land as she lacks the proper documentation. However, I shall contact the nearest relevant NGO and ensure she gets food and shelter for the next few days. In addition, I will discuss with my seniors and direct the NGO to the best possible course of action in getting the widow proper documents so that she can stake her claim.” 

Towards the end of your answer, you can insert a relevant quote by an iconic or famous personality. For example, you can write Mahatma Gandhi’s famous quote, “The only way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others.” 

Although it is not necessary to include a quote, doing so can make your answer more presentable to the examiner. 

Practice Writing 

To score high in the case study section of the Ethics paper, you must be articulate and able to provide practical, actionable solutions to real-world problems. 

Go through previous year's questions (PYQs). Case study questions have a common theme, so practicing PYQs will give you a fair idea of how you need to write your answers and give you confidence. 

Avoid spending too much time writing the case study answers as you have to complete the rest of the paper. In 2021, UPSC allotted 120 marks to the case studies section of the Ethics paper. Assuming that the marks distribution will remain the same for 2022, you still have an additional 130 marks to attempt. 

You can start with either the theory portion or the case studies. However, dedicate your time according to the weightage of marks. 

And with that, we have come to the end of the framework for writing case study answers. 

If you want to write answers that impress the examiner, you must practice with high-quality QBank and Mock Tests. 

Mains is coming near, so don’t waste your time searching for them now. Save your time, download the PrepLadder App and easily access the best QBank and Mock Tests that will elevate your answer writing skills.   

In addition, you will find high-quality notes, NCERT Summary and PYQs, based on the latest exam pattern to help boost your UPSC CSE Mains preparation.

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Ethics Case Studies

H ome   > Courses > Ethics Case Studies

Ethics Case Studies For UPSC - By

Tirthankar roychowdhary sir.

Comprehensive ethics syllabus coverage with theory, case studies, daily writing, and mentorship.

Course Overview

Many UPSC CSE aspirants face the dilemma of how to write good answers for ethics case study questions.

Ethics Case Studies are a major need for UPSC aspirants who want to improve their score in Ethics – GS Paper IV. 

This course on ethics case studies by EDEN IAS is an answer to the above question. We provide a proper hand holding approach to tackle ethics case studies with the right approach to answer them, along with solutions and practice sessions. These solved case studies give a boost to your preparation. This course gives you a competitive environment to grow with all those aspirants who are already selected or are trying to improve their score in Mains. This 10-day ethics case studies workshop can help you to score high in UPSC GS Mains Examination.

Course Structure

Ethics case Studies course consists of seven classes that span across a week’s time. The classes will be followed by tw o mock tests in the ensuing week. This program has been comprehensively designed to cover every aspect of case studies. The main idea, under this course, is to create an engaging platform for the student wherein s/he can unleash his/her full potential regarding case study answer writing and master this imperative skill relating to General Studies- IV in a time bound manner. The entire program will be conducted under the expert guidance of Mr. Tirthankar Roychowdhary.

The details of the program are as under: 

Rs. 5,900-/ (Including GST)

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Interpol Notices

Context: Prajwal Revanna, sitting MP and grandson of former Prime Minister H.D. Deve Gowda, is accused of sexual abuse, prompting his suspension from JD(S). Interpol has issued a blue corner notice against him.

More In News

The blue corner notice against Revanna was issued following a request by the Special Investigation Team (SIT) of the Karnataka government , which is handling the case.

About International Criminal Police Organisation (Interpol)

• Interpol, an inter-governmental law enforcement organisation, helps coordinate cooperation among law enforcement agencies across its 196 member countries.
• Red Notice : To seek the location and arrest of persons wanted for prosecution or to serve a sentence.
• Yellow Notice: To help locate missing persons, often minors, or to help identify persons who are unable to identify themselves.
• Blue Notice : To collect additional information about a person’s identity, location, or activities in relation to a criminal investigation.
• Black Notice : To seek information on unidentified bodies.
• Green Notice: To provide warnings about a person’s criminal activities, where the person is considered to be a possible threat to public safety.
• Orange Notice: To warn of an event, a person, an object, or a process representing a serious and imminent threat to public safety.
• Purple Notice: To seek or provide information on modus operandi, objects, devices, and concealment methods used by criminals.

Actions by the SIT

• The SIT, formed by the Karnataka government, had initially issued a lookout circular against Revanna after he failed to appear before the panel.
• The SIT’s actions escalated to involve the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), India’s nodal agency for Interpol matters, leading to the issuance of the blue corner notice.
• Reports suggest that Revanna left for Munich, Germany, using his diplomatic passport right after the local elections and just before the formation of the SIT.

Legal and Investigative Measures

• Despite his lawyer requesting a seven-day period for Revanna to present himself before the investigative panel, the SIT decided to proceed with the blue corner alert considering the early stages of the investigation and the absence of filed criminal charges at that point.
• The SIT has expressed its intention to arrest Revanna to expedite the investigation once his whereabouts are known.

Context: Fujian, China’s third aircraft carrier, successfully completed an eight-day maiden sea trial.

About Fujian

• This system allows aircraft to be launched by catapults and recovered by arrestor wires.
• The CATOBAR system enables the Fujian to launch more fighter-bombers simultaneously and allows these jets to carry heavier payloads compared to the STOBAR (Short Take-off, Barrier-Arrested Recovery) system used by China’s other carriers.

• It is estimated to carry between 60 to 70 aircraft, including J-15 fighters and KJ-600 airborne early warning and control aircraft.
• China’s first aircraft carrier, a refurbished Ukrainian vessel, has a full load displacement of 58,500 tons and is about 305 metres long, capable of carrying around 40 aircraft using the STOBAR system.
• China’s first indigenously built carrier, with a full load displacement of 66,000 tons and a length of 315 metres, also carrying around 40 aircraft using the STOBAR system.
• Naming: Named after Fujian Province, where President Xi Jinping once worked,
• This fleet oversees the Taiwan Strait off Fujian Province.
• Strategic Intentions: The deployment of Fujian aims to enhance China’s anti-access/area denial (A2/AD) capabilities in the South and East China Seas and the Western Pacific Ocean, intending to deter U.S. and other foreign military forces from approaching.
• The carrier will also enable the launch of specialised fixed-wing aircraft for various missions including early warning, electronic warfare, or anti-submarine warfare.

Indian Navy’s Aircraft Carriers

• The INS Vikramaditya: A refurbished Russian carrier commissioned in 2013, and
• The INS Vikrant : An indigenously designed and built carrier commissioned in September 2022.
• Future Plans: The Indian Navy has proposed the construction of a second Indigenous Aircraft Carrier (IAC-II), similar to INS Vikrant, which was approved by the Defence Procurement Board September, 2023 and is awaiting approval from the Defence Acquisition Council post-elections.
• Construction Timeline : According to Chairman and Managing Director of Cochin Shipyard Limited, building a new carrier, maintaining the basic design, engines, and propulsion from the previous model, would take about eight to 10 years.

Cook Islands

• The Cook Islands are at the forefront of deep-sea mining, leveraging their extensive underwater mineral reserves crucial for electric vehicle batteries.
• This initiative, aimed at reducing reliance on fossil fuels, faces significant opposition due to potential environmental impacts, with calls for a moratorium from scientists and global entities.

About Cook Islands

• Consist of 15 volcanic islands and coral atolls, spread over 1.9 sq km in the southern Pacific Ocean, situated between Tonga to the west and French Polynesia to the east.

• Economy : Tourism is the central economic activity in the Cook Islands, supported by the territory’s natural attractions such as pristine beaches and volcanic mountains.
• Political Status : The Cook Islands operates as a self-governing country in free association with New Zealand, which provides it with aid and assistance, and where islanders hold New Zealand citizenship.
• Sovereignty and Defense : Since 2001, the Cook Islands has managed its own foreign and defence policies, although defence is still provided by New Zealand.
• Demographics : The population of Cook Islanders living in New Zealand is more than double the number residing in the islands themselves.
• Historical Background : Named after Captain James Cook who explored them in 1773, these islands were traditionally autonomous and inhabited by tribes of mixed Polynesian ancestry.
• Cultural Governance : The Cook Islands government continues to consult a council of hereditary leaders known as the House of Ariki on issues related to culture, customs, and land ownership.
• Capital : Avarua
• Total Area : 236.7 sq km
• Population : 17,450
• Languages : English, Cook Islands Maori, Pukapukan

Examples, Case Studies and Data

• Reagan died peacefully at home in 2004 after a long battle with dementia, while Vajpayee spent his last days in 2018 on life support in a hospital after a debilitating stroke.
• In the West, increasing numbers of people are opting for living wills to ensure a dignified death, avoiding prolonged hospitalisation when recovery is unlikely.
• This contrasts sharply with India, where a significant majority of terminally ill patients die in intensive care units (ICUs), often isolated and on life support, despite the Supreme Court’s guidelines supporting the withdrawal of life support in futile cases.
• These practices reflect broader cultural and systemic issues regarding death. Many in India lack “death literacy,” which impedes informed end-of-life decisions. This situation is compounded by inadequate legal frameworks and societal reluctance to discuss or plan for death.
• There is a need for enhanced public and professional awareness of end-of-life care options, including the right to palliative care as part of overall health, and the importance of drafting living wills to ensure wishes are respected, emphasising the need for a societal shift towards accepting natural death as part of life.

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Category: CASE STUDIES

Ethics revision test: case studies.

  ETHICS Revision Test: Case Studies   Answer questions in NOT MORE than the word limit specified for each in the parenthesis:   You are posted as an investigation officer to investigate a scam involving functionaries of government from top to bottom. It’s said that people involved in the scam include senior ministers and people …

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Insights Secure + Static Revision Test – Ethics Case Studies

Answer questions in NOT MORE than the word limit specified for each in the parenthesis:   You are posted as Superintendent of Police in the Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) in Bangalore. In recent years, drug trafficking by few African nationals has become a big menace in the city. Intelligence reports have shown that selling of …

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ETHICS CASE STUDY: In such a situation, you are left with the following options. Analyse each option with its consequences.

Topic: Ethical dilemmas in public and private institutions 7) You are a young, aspiring and sincere employee in a Government office working as an assistant to the director of your department. Since you have joined recently, you need to lean and  progress. Luckily your superior is very kind and ready to train you for your job. …

Continue reading “ETHICS CASE STUDY: In such a situation, you are left with the following options. Analyse each option with its consequences.”

ETHICS CASE STUDY: What are the options available to you in handling this situation? Examine their merits and demerits.

Topic: Ethical concerns in administration; 8) You are working as Block Development Officer. In one of the Gram Panchayat administered school, a post of cook is lying vacant for long time. Recently, the committee of selection which consists of school head master, panchayat president and other members have shortlisted four women for the post. However, many …

Continue reading “ETHICS CASE STUDY: What are the options available to you in handling this situation? Examine their merits and demerits.”

ETHICS CASE STUDY: In such a situation, what courses of action are available to you? Which one will you choose? Justify.

Topic: Emotional intelligence; code of conduct 11) You are working as Block Development Officer. Recently local MLA came to your office to attend a meeting of panchayat members.  During the meeting few representatives complain to MLA that you are not listening to their demands related to NRREGA scheme and other housing schemes where they want …

Continue reading “ETHICS CASE STUDY: In such a situation, what courses of action are available to you? Which one will you choose? Justify.”

ETHICS CASE STUDY: What will you do in this situation? Also comment on your parents’ conduct

Topic: Role of family, society and educational institutions in inculcating values 6) Your younger sister who completed her engineering course from a prestigious college gets a good government job. You have been preparing for the civil services exam for past three years after resigning from well paying private job at an MNC. Your parents who are …

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Ethics and Integrity -2014: Answer Writing Challenge – 47

ARCHIVES 04 October 2014 As a Block Development Officer, you were invited to preside over a Gram Sabha meeting in one of Gram Panchayats falling under your jurisdiction. The Gram Sabha was called to take a decision on two crucial things: to identify and confiscate fake job cards used under MGNREGA scheme and to choose …

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Ethics and Integrity: Answer Writing Challenge – 46

Tags: ethics case studies , upsc ias 2014 ethics

ARCHIVES 29 September 2014 You are visiting a famous animal zoo with your husband and two children. Your family is near a lion’s enclosure enjoying the view of Asiatic lion pride. Your husband is explaining to your children some interesting facts about these lions. While doing so, an 18 year old boy, standing next to …

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Ethics and Integrity – Answer Writing Challenge – 45

ARCHIVES 22 September 2014 A retired IAS officer  is arrested by the CBI on charges of corruption in coal block allocation when he was a Secretary in the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India. In his friends’ and colleagues’ circle he was known for his honesty, integrity and simplicity. He was also the youngest …

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Ethics and Integrity – Answer Writing Challenge – 44

Tags: ethics case studies , upsc gs 4

ARCHIVES 20 September 2014 You are the Principal of a famous government run residential school. Your son, who is studying in 12th standard in your school is extremely poor in Mathematics. Your wife is worried that if your son fails, he might slip into depression. You are also afraid that his failure would bring a bad reputation …

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Ethics and Integrity – Answer Writing Challenge – 43

Tags: ETHICS , upsc case studies

ARCHIVES 19 September 2014 You are a senior police officer working at the state police headquarters. Your wife is a Commissioner in the Higher Education Department. Recently an RTI activist has filed an RTI application seeking all the information related to purchases made by the department for the government colleges. At the behest of the …

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Ethics and Integrity – Answer Writing Challenge – 42

Tags: Case Studies - Ethics , ETHICS , upsc ias ethics case studies

ARCHIVES 17 September 2014   Rajanna had borrowed money from a private bank to buy a tractor. He was a farmer who grew sugar-cane on his two acres irrigated land. He bought the tractor from the money he had received from bank loan. He also used part of the money to pay dowry and expenses …

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Ethics and Integrity: Answer Writing Challenge – 41

Tags: ethics case studies , ias ethics , upsc ethics

ARCHIVES 15 September 2014 I) You are working as DM of a district where illegal mining of sand is rampant. Recently there was an accident between a truck illegally carrying sand and a government passenger bus. Many passengers died on the spot because of the accident. Ever since you assumed power, you are trying to curb …

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Ethics and Integrity – Answer Writing Challenge – 40

Tags: case study , ETHICS

ARCHIVES 13 September 2014 I) You are working as Superintendent of Police. In a village which comes under your jurisdiction a gang rapes has taken place. A school teacher has been raped by four youths. The parents of the lady directly complain you that the local Sub-Inspector has not registered case against those youths and …

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Ethics and Integrity – Answer Writing Challenge – 37

Tags: EI , emotional intelligence family life , ETHICS , ethics and aptitude

ARCHIVES 10 September 2014   I. A school van carrying 20 children hits a passenger bus en-route to school. Three women in the passenger bus and 4 children in the school van die on the spot. It was the fault of driver of school van who jumped the signal and hit the passenger bus. The …

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Ethics and Integrity – Answer Writing Challenge – 36

Tags: ebola ethics , ETHICS , ethics of ebola , upsc

ARCHIVES 06 September 2014 1) “Even as the Ebola crisis rages onward in west Africa, a World Health Organization panel concluded on August 11 that offering patients promising experimental Ebola drugs with unknown side effects and efficacy would be ethical.” This is a recent news published in an American journal. Do you think it is ethical to …

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Ethics and Integrity – Answer Writing Challenge – 34

Tags: case studies , ETHICS , ias 2014 , upsc

ARCHIVES 03 September 2014 1) Which values do you think should constitute moral norms and values of governance? Explain them. (200 Words) Reference (Page No. 7) 2) A multi-storey building which was illegally constructed collapses and kills fifty innocent workers – including women and children. These workers were poor migrants from far away villages. The …

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Ethics and Integrity – Daily Answer Writing Challenge – 33

Tags: case studies , ethics case studies , upsc

ARCHIVES 02 September 2014 1) Effective utilization of public funds is critical to meeting development goals. Critically examine the reasons behind under-utilisation and misutilisation of public funds and their implications. Also suggest with examples how public funds can be effectively utilised. (250 Words) Reference – 1 Reference – 2 Reference – 3 2) Write a note …

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Ethics and Integrity – Answer Writing Challenge – 32

Tags: case studies , ETHICS , upsc ias ethics

ARCHIVES 01 September 2014 1) What do you understand by ethics in public administration? Why is it important? Explain. (200 Words) 2) Your friend who is travelling with you in a train gives ten rupees to an eight year old girl who is begging for money. An elderly co-passenger comments that it is unethical to …

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Ethics and Integrity – Answer Writing Challenge – 31

Tags: Case Studies - Ethics , ETHICS , ias ethics , upsc

ARCHIVES 30 August 2014 1) What do you understand by ethics of war? Identify and critically comment on different ethical dimensions that a war between two or more nations or a war between a nation and a terrorist group gives rise to.  (250 Words) Reference – 1 Reference – 2 2) You are a boss …

Continue reading “Ethics and Integrity – Answer Writing Challenge – 31”

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7+ UPSC Success Stories to Keep You Motivated

• Updated on  
• May 3, 2024

Ever dreamt of becoming a civil servant and making a positive change in India? Then cracking the UPSC CSE exam is probably your first hurdle. This exam is quite tough, but that shouldn’t discourage you! Today, we’re bringing you some amazing UPSC Success Stories and achievers who beat the odds and secured their dream careers.

Get ready to be inspired by Beno Zephine, the first visually impaired person to become an IFS officer! We’ll also meet Vishal Kumar, who overcame poverty and a personal loss to become an IAS officer. And that’s not all! We’ve got stories of Suraj Tiwari, who aced the UPSC CSE while in a wheelchair, and Pranjal Patil, who won over blindness to become an IAS officer.

These are just a few examples of the perseverance and dedication it takes to crack the UPSC CSE. But it’s not just about hard work – we’ll also share some practical tips and strategies used by toppers like Anudeep Durishetty and Ram Bhajan Kumar. Anudeep even topped the exam without coaching!

So, whether you’re just starting your UPSC CSE journey or need a motivational boost, this blog is for you. Let’s get you started on your path to becoming a civil servant!

Table of Contents

• 0.1 Beno Zephine: UPSC Success Stories
• 0.2 Vishal Kumar: UPSC Success Stories
• 0.3 Suraj Tiwari: UPSC Success Stories
• 0.4 Pranjal Patil: UPSC Success Stories
• 0.5 Surabhi Gautam: UPSC Success Stories
• 0.6 Ram Bhajan Kumar:UPSC Success Stories
• 0.7 Anudeep Durishetty: UPSC Success Stories
• 0.8 Govind Jaiswal:UPSC Success Stories
• 0.9 Anirudh Pandey: UPSC Success Stories

Beno Zephine: UPSC Success Stories

She made history in 2005! At 25, she became the first completely blind person to join the Indian Foreign Service (IFS) by clearing the UPSC exam. Balancing a PhD and a bank job, she wasn’t afraid to chase her dreams. With the help of special software for the visually impaired, Beno aced the exam and secured a rank of 343! Huge support from her family and mentors played a big role in her success.

Vishal Kumar: UPSC Success Stories

Did you hear about Vishal Kumar? He cracked the UPSC exam last year and guess what – he used to be a student at IIT Kanpur! His journey wasn’t easy though. He grew up in a small village in Bihar and his father passed away when he was young. This left his family struggling financially. Despite everything, Vishal was a super-determined student. He even topped his district exams!

With the help of some amazing teachers and a program called Super30, he got into IIT Kanpur. After graduating, he got a good job but decided to become a teacher instead. While teaching, he started studying for the UPSC exam. He failed the first time but his teacher encouraged him to keep trying. Finally, the second time was the charm and Vishal secured a rank of 484! Everyone is so proud of him, especially his teacher who helped him through thick and thin. This story is just inspiring, right?

Suraj Tiwari: UPSC Success Stories

Imagine this – someone is on their way back from college and WHAM! Huge accident. Suraj, this IAS officer, went through something awful in 2017. He lost his legs and an arm in a train accident. It was a super tough time for him, he even lost a brother around then too.

But guess what? Suraj is one determined guy! Even though he was in a wheelchair, he studied super hard (like 18-20 hours a day!) and cleared the UPSC exam, which is super hard to do! He didn’t even need any fancy coaching classes. The inspiring part? He never gave up. He tried once, didn’t make the interview cut, but then went back at it and aced the whole thing the second time around. Now he’s an IAS officer, inspiring everyone around him.So, if you’re ever feeling discouraged, just remember Suraj’s story. With hard work and perseverance, you can achieve anything!

Pranjal Patil: UPSC Success Stories

She is a recent achiever, clearing the UPSC exam this year at the age of 26! Losing her eyesight in a childhood accident didn’t stop her from excelling in academics. She secured an All-India rank of 773 and will be joining the IAS.  Pranjal, who has a Master’s degree, used special software to read and prepare for the exam without any coaching. Her story highlights the power of determination and the incredible support system she had from her family and friends.

Surabhi Gautam: UPSC Success Stories

Surabhi Gautam, an IAS officer from Madhya Pradesh, is an inspiration to all UPSC aspirants. Despite challenges like studying in Hindi medium and facing taunts for her English, she excelled in her studies.

Surabhi’s teacher noticed her potential early on, and this motivated her to keep achieving. She topped her exams in school and even got a perfect score in math! Although she struggled with English, Surabhi came up with a unique solution. She started talking to herself in English every day and learned new words. This helped her overcome this hurdle. Surabhi’s background is humble. Her father is a lawyer and her mother is a teacher. She battled illness during her 12th grade but never gave up on her dream.

Even though classmates mocked her English, Surabhi aced her 10th and 12th boards, scoring a perfect score in Math and Science! She even got into a prestigious engineering college and landed a high-paying job at TCS.But Surabhi’s passion was to become a civil servant. She quit her job and cracked multiple competitive exams like ISRO, BARC, and GATE.In 2013, she secured AIR 1 in the UPSC IES exam! This motivated her to crack the UPSC CSE, which she did in 2016 with AIR 50.

Surabhi’s story teaches us to:

• Believe in your potential and chase your dreams.
• Ignore negativity and stay focused on your goals.
• Hard work and perseverance are key to success.

Ram Bhajan Kumar:UPSC Success Stories

Ram Bhajan Kumar, a former police constable who used to earn very little money, cracked the UPSC CSE exam on his 8th attempt! He is an inspiration to all UPSC aspirants.

Despite facing many challenges, like balancing work and studies, Ram Bhajan never gave up. Even though he failed seven times, he learned from his mistakes and kept going.

Here are some of his success secrets:

• Focused on understanding the material, not just memorizing it.
• Studied for 8 hours daily and took practice tests.
• Limited his study materials and focused on mastering them.

Ram Bhajan credits his supportive family for his success. He says his wife and kids never complained that they didn’t see him much while he was studying. If you are a UPSC aspirant, remember Ram Bhajan’s story. Never give up on your dreams!

Anudeep Durishetty: UPSC Success Stories

Anudeep Durishetty, an IAS officer who topped the UPSC CSE in 2017, proves you can crack this tough exam without coaching. Anudeep even had a sweet software engineer job at Google, but his dream was to serve the country.

He failed his first attempt but didn’t give up. Even after another failed attempt, he landed a good job in the civil service. But Anudeep set his sights on IAS and kept trying. Finally, on his fifth attempt, he aced the exam!

Anudeep says his family’s support was crucial. They kept him motivated and helped him financially. Here are his tips for success:

• Believe in yourself – you can do it without coaching!
• Make a realistic study plan and stick to it.
• Start with the basics and build a strong foundation.
• Read newspapers to stay updated on current affairs.
• Practice writing answers to past UPSC exams.
• Manage your time effectively.
• Stay positive – never give up on your dream!

Govind Jaiswal:UPSC Success Stories

Govind Jaiswal, the son of a rickshaw puller, became an IAS officer in his first attempt. This is a story that shows that anyone can achieve their goals if they work hard.

Govind’s family wasn’t wealthy, and he was even insulted for being poor. But this made him determined to succeed. He studied hard and even skipped meals to save money. His family also supported him by letting him move to Delhi to study.

Govind’s hard work paid off. He got a great rank on the UPSC exam and was able to help his family. His story is an inspiration to us all. It shows that no matter our background, we can achieve our dreams if we set our minds to it.

Anirudh Pandey: UPSC Success Stories

Anirudh, from Kanpur, was ranked 146th in the 2017 UPSC exam. He took the test in Hindi with Sociology as his optional subject. This was his fourth attempt, and his wife (an IPS officer!) had already achieved her dream a year earlier.

Anirudh studied in Hindi medium schools throughout his education. He’s an engineer by training and even cleared the PCS exam (similar to UPSC but for some states) in Hindi. Anirudh says a good strategy is key to cracking the UPSC exam, and credits his wife for her support. So, don’t worry if English isn’t your best language. You can still ace the UPSC exam in Hindi!

RELATED POSTS

IAS officers enact positive change, serving society, implementing policies, and addressing challenges at administrative levels.

The success rate in UPSC exams varies annually but generally hovers around 0.1% to 0.3%.

Factors include tough competition, inadequate preparation, lack of strategy, and insufficient understanding of the exam pattern.

The highest marks ever achieved in UPSC exams vary yearly but typically exceed 55-60% of the total marks.

This was all about the “ UPSC Success Stories ”. For more such informative blogs, check out our  UPSC Exams Section , or you can learn more about us by visiting our    Indian exams  page.

Amisha Khushara

Hey there! I'm a content writer who turns complex ideas into clear, engaging stories. Think of me as your translator, taking expert knowledge and making it interesting and relatable for everyone.

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UPSC Weekly Quiz   is a current affairs-based quiz on relevant topics from the past week, curated for the aspirants of competitive examinations. Attempt the weekly quiz   every Saturday   and find answers to the MCQs with explanations at the end of the article.

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Consider the following statements with reference to ‘Foot rot’ which was recently seen in news:

1. Foot rot is a fungal disease that affects Basmati rice crops particularly at the seedling stage.

2. It is different from ‘bakanae’ disease in which infection is caused after transplantation.

3. To prevent the disease from occurring and spreading, seedlings are treated with Trichoderma harzianum before sowing and transplantation.

How many of the above statements are correct?

(a) Only one

(b) Only two

(c) All three

With reference to International trade, consider the following statement:

1. ‘Dumping’ in international trade is defined as when a country’s export prices are considered to be intentionally set above domestic prices, thereby providing immense profit to industries in the importing country.

2. If a country’s currency is non-convertible, the US designates that country as a non-market economy.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

This treaty at the end of the Anglo-Nepalese War resulted in Nepal losing a chunk of territory to the East India Company. Article 5 of the treaty took away the jurisdiction of Nepal’s rulers over the land to the east of the Kali River.

Which is this treaty being talked about in above lines?

(a) Treaty of Punakha

(b) Nepal–Britain Treaty of 1923

(c) Treaty of Sinchulu

(d) None of the above

With reference to World Migration Report 2024, consider the following statements:

1. India is the origin of the largest number of international migrants in the world.

2. India is ranked first as the destination country for immigrants.

3. India is the only country from Asia in the top five remittance recipient countries’ list.

How many of the statements above are correct?

With reference to ‘Starliner’, recently seen in news, consider the following statements:

1.SpaceX’s Starliner will become the second private firm to be able to provide NASA crew transport to and from the International Space Station (ISS).

2.If Starliner completes its objectives, it will also help SpaceX’s challenge Boeing’s dominance in the commercial space industry.

Which of the above statements is/are not correct?

With reference to the 3D printing, consider the following statements:

1. It is an additive process, in which layers of a material are built up to construct objects.

2. Recently, Indian Space Research Organisation ( ISRO ) successfully tested a liquid rocket engine made with the help of 3D printing.

3. 3D printing requires computer-aid design (CAD) software to make designs.

How many of the statements given above are correct?

With reference to the India-Saudi Arabia trade, consider the following statements:

1. India is the second largest trade partner for Saudi Arabia.

2. Saudi Arabia was India’s largest crude and petroleum products sourcing destination in 2022-23.

Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?

With reference to the oleander, consider the following statements:

1. It is a plant cultivated worldwide in tropical and temperate regions.

2. The plant is known for its drought tolerance.

3. Locally, it is known as kanaveeram.

4. Oil prepared from the root bark can be used to treat skin diseases.

(c) Only three

(d) All four

With reference to the India’s agriculture exports, consider the following statements:

1. The export of oilseeds has consistently increased from 2021-22 to 2023-24.

2. The export of raw cotton has decreased from 2021-22 to 2023-24.

3. The export of wheat has consistently increased from 2021-22 to 2023-24.

QUESTION 10

Consider the following statements about West Nile Virus:

1. It is a mosquito-borne virus.

2. It has double-stranded RNA virus.

3. It is related to yellow fever.

QUESTION 11

Andrott, Kiltan, and Kalpeni Islands were recently in news due to coral bleaching. They are located in:

(a) Andaman and Nicobar Islands

(b) West Bengal

(c) Tamil Nadu

(d) Lakshadweep

QUESTION 12

With reference to the Inter-Services Organisations (Command, Control and Discipline) Act, consider the following statements:

1. The Act empowers Defence Minister to exercise control over service personnel.

2. The government seeks to integrate the capabilities of the Army, the Air Force and the Navy, and optimally utilise their resources for wars and operations.

QUESTION 13

Currently which of the following organisations is entrusted with security at the Parliament complex?

(a) Central Industrial Security Force

(b) National Security Guard

(c) Parliament Security Service

(d) Delhi Police

QUESTION 14

Rafah border was recently in news. It connects:

(a) Egypt and Sudan

(b) Israel and Jordan

(c) Gaza strip and Jordan

(d) Gaza strip and Egypt

QUESTION 15

The Sahyadri Tiger Reserve (STR) was in news due to translocation of tigers. It forms a common boundary between:

1. Maharashtra

2. Karnataka

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2, 3 and 4

(c) 1 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

ANSWERS TO THE MCQs

— The Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Ludhiana, has developed biocontrol agent Trichoderma asperellum (2% WP), and registered it with the Central Insecticides Board and Registration Committee (CIBRC) . The biocontrol agent will help Punjab farmers manage the deadly ‘foot rot’ or ‘bakanae’ disease that plagues the crops of Basmati rice, varieties of fragrant rice that are popular world over.

— Rice is cultivated in two stages. Seeds are first sown in a nursery bed, where they sprout and grow into seedlings, which are then transplanted into a well-puddled and prepared field. Foot rot is a fungal disease that affects Basmati rice crops particularly at the seedling stage, though it might also cause infection after transplantation in case infected seedlings are transplanted. Hence, statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is not correct.

— To prevent the disease from occurring and spreading, farmers resort to early seedling treatment, try and use disease-free seeds, and destroy infected seedlings. Timely seed nursery management is crucial — experts recommend seed sowing in the first fortnight of June, and transplantation in July. Sowing in May often leads to problems as the month’s high temperatures are favourable to the disease. Fields where the nursery is being set up must also be well-drained, with proper irrigation, to avoid the spread of foot rot.

— Currently, seedlings are treated with Trichoderma harzianum before sowing and transplantation. Seeds are also treated with fungicides such as Sprint 75 WS (carbendazim + mancozeb) before sowing. But these are the chemical treatments which are harmful for the soil, and can be toxic for consumers of the rice. The fungicide carbendazim is already banned in Punjab because it leaves behind high residues. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer.

— Vietnam has been pushing the President Joe Biden administration to quickly change its “non-market economy” classification to “market economy” , in a bid to avoid high taxes imposed by the US on the goods imported from the Southeastern country.

— The US designates a country as a non-market economy based on several factors. These are: if the country’s currency is convertible; if wage rates are determined by free bargaining between labour and management; if joint ventures or other foreign investment are allowed; whether the means of production are owned by the state; and if the state controls the allocation of resources and price and output decisions. Other factors like human rights are also considered. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.

— The non-market economy label allows the US to impose “anti-dumping” duties on goods imported from designated countries. In international trade, dumping is when a country’s export prices are considered to be intentionally set below domestic prices, thereby inflicting harm to industries in the importing country. Anti-dumping duties essentially compensate for the difference between the imported good’s export price and their normal value. Hence, statement 1 is not correct.

Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer.

— The Treaty of Sugauli at the end of the Anglo-Nepalese War of 1814-16 resulted in Nepal losing a chunk of territory to the East India Company. Article 5 of the treaty took away the jurisdiction of Nepal’s rulers over the land to the east of the Kali River.

— India has made history by becoming the first country to have the first countries receiving the highest remittances in 2022 , according to the United Nations migration agency. The International Organisation for Migration (IOM) recently released its World Migration Report 2024, which revealed that India’s remittances surged to $111 billion last year, surpassing all other nations.

— The report highlighted that Mexico, China, the Philippines, and France were the other four nations in the top five remittance recipient countries, with India being the top country receiving remittances in 2010, 2015, 2020, and 2022, highlighting the importance of labour migration from the subregion. Hence, statement 3 is not correct.

— It also noted that India is the origin of the largest number of international migrants in the world, with a large diaspora living in countries such as the United Arab Emirates, the United States, and Saudi Arabia. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

— Additionally, India is ranked 13th as the destination country for immigrants, with 4.48 million immigrants. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.

Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer.

— This will be Starliner’s first crewed test flight. If the mission is successful, Boeing will become the second private firm to be able to provide NASA crew transport to and from the ISS, alongside Elon Musk’s SpaceX. Hence, statement 1 is not correct.

— If Starliner completes its objectives, it will also help Boeing challenge SpaceX’s dominance in the commercial space industry. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.

Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.

— The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully tested a liquid rocket engine manufactured using additive manufacturing technology, also known as 3D printing . Hence, statement 2 is correct.

— ISRO adapted the PS4 engine, which powers the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle’s fourth stage, for production using 3D printing.

— 3D printing is a technology that uses computer-generated designs to construct three-dimensional items layer by layer.

— It is an additive technique in which layers of a material such as plastic, composites, or bio-materials are built up to create objects with varying shapes, sizes, stiffness, and colours. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

— To do 3D printing, a personal computer must be connected to a 3D printer. All they have to do is create a 3D model of the desired thing using computer-aided design (CAD) software and press the ‘print’ button. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

— The method enabled ISRO to reduce the number of engine components from 14 to a single piece. The space agency was able to eliminate 19 weld joints, saving 97% of the raw material. It also cut overall production time by 60 percent.

— According to the article written by columnist Thomas Friedman in The New York Times, the Saudi-US deal will pivot on the specific ways in which the US will control the civilian nuclear energy programme that the kingdom will get; the precise — whether explicit or less formal — nature of the mutual defence pact ; and on Saudi Arabia’s commitment to not move from US dollars to the Chinese yuan in pricing oil.

— A US-Saudi Arabia accord, as well as peace between Israel and Iran and Israel and Hamas, could provide India with an opportunity to further leverage the region’s potential.

— India-Saudi trade was worth $52.76 billion in 2022-23. India is Saudi Arabia’s second largest commercial partner, and Saudi Arabia is India’s fourth largest trade partner. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

— Energy cooperation is crucial to the partnership; Saudi Arabia was India’s third largest crude and petroleum product sourcing destination in 2022-23. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.

— Two Kerala government-controlled temple boards, which together manage 2,500-odd temples in the state, have banned use of oleander flowers in temple offerings after a 24-year old woman died after accidentally chewing some oleander leaves.

— Nerium oleander, commonly known as oleander or rosebay, is a plant cultivated worldwide in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

— The shrub is well-known for its drought resistance and is frequently used for ornamentation and landscaping. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

— In Kerala, the plant is known as arali and kanaveeram, and it is planted as a natural green fence along highways and beaches. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

— The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API), a government document that describes the quality, purity, and strength of Ayurvedic medications, includes oleander. According to API, an oil derived from the root bark can be used to treat skin conditions. Hence, statement 4 is correct.

— India’s agricultural exports fell 8.2% in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 on the back of shipment curbs on a host of commodities, from cereals and sugar to onions.

— It was largely courtesy of a crash in global agri-commodity prices, with the UN Food and Agriculture Organization’s (FAO) food price index (base: 2014-16=100) dipping from an average of 119.1 to 96.5 points between 2013-14 and 2019-20.

— The export of oilseeds has consistently increased from 2021-22 to 2023-24. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

— The export of raw cotton has decreased from 2021-22 to 2023-24. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

— The export of wheat has consistently decreased from 2021-22 to 2023-24. Hence, statement 3 is not correct.

— The Kerala government said that cases of West Nile fever have been reported from three districts in the state – Thrissur, Malappuram and Kozhikode .

— According to the health department, West Nile virus can cause a fatal neurological disease in humans. However, approximately 80 percent of those infected will not show any symptoms.

— The West Nile Virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

— It is a single-stranded RNA virus. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.

— It is a flavivirus and is related to the viruses that cause Japanese encephalitis and yellow fever. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

— Culex species of mosquitoes act as the principal vectors for transmission. Infected mosquitoes spread the disease among humans and animals, including birds, which are the reservoir host of the virus.

— The ICAR-Central maritime Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) discovered that coral reefs in the Lakshadweep Sea had experienced severe bleaching as a result of persistent maritime heatwaves from October 2023.

— Corals are sessile organisms, which means they remain permanently attached to the ocean floor.

— According to the United States’ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, “Hard corals have stony skeletons made out of limestone that are produced by coral polyps. When polyps die, their skeletons are left behind and used as foundations for new polyps.”

— Almost all of Lakshadweep’s islands are coral atolls, with their soil largely derived from corals, and extant coral reefs around them.

— Coral bleaching occurs when the water gets too warm. In such conditions, corals eject the microscopic algae that dwell in their tissues, essentially producing nourishment for themselves.

— Most of the islands in Lakshadweep are experiencing coral bleaching, including Bitra, Kiltan, Amini, Andrott, Kalpeni, and Kavaratti.

— The Inter-Services Organisations (Command, Control and Discipline) Act has been notified in a gazette and has been enforced with effect from May 10.

— The move comes amid the theaterisation plan envisioned by the government. Under the theaterisation model, the government seeks to integrate the capabilities of the Army, the Air Force and the Navy, and optimally utilise their resources for wars and operations. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

— The Act empowers Commanders-in-Chief and Officers-in-Command of ISOs to exercise control over service personnel, serving under them, for effective maintenance of discipline and administration, without disturbing the unique service conditions of each individual service. Hence, statement 1 is not correct.

— The Act will empower the heads of ISOs and pave the way for expeditious disposal of cases, avoid multiple proceedings and will be a step towards greater integration and jointness among the armed forces.

— Security at the Parliament complex could undergo a radical overhaul , with the Union Home Ministry forming a panel to determine whether CISF (Central Industrial Security Force) personnel should oversee the entire process, from managing security arrangements to issuing passes to regulating movement of MPs, VIPs, officials, and the media.

— These responsibilities are currently entrusted with the Parliament Security Service, which functions under the almost century-old Watch and Ward committee.

— The Israeli Defence Forces (IDF) announced the commencement of an operation in Rafah, a city on the Gaza Strip’s southern border with Egypt , purportedly targeting Hamas.

— Rafah border is the only point not controlled by Israel where civilians can enter and leave Gaza by land. The border connects Gaza strip and Egypt.

— The demand to open it has grown as Israel prepares for a possible ground invasion of Gaza and living conditions in the Gaza Strip have worsened dramatically in the face of heavy Israeli bombings, some of which have also damaged the border.

— To repopulate Sahyadri Tiger Reserve (STR) , the only tiger reserve in Maharashtra’s western area, the state’s forest department will shortly translocate tigers from Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve (TATR) in Chandrapur.

— The project’s goal can only be met if the Sahyadri-Konkan wildlife corridor—which includes forests in STR, Goa, and Karnataka—is secure and free of human disturbances.

— The STR, located in the northern Western Ghats, was built in January 2010 and connects Kolhapur, Satara, Sangli, and Ratnagiri districts in western Maharashtra. It includes Chandoli National Park and Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary.

— The tiger population in the region has historically been low due to poaching, a limited prey base, and changing environment.

— These hills, which form a shared boundary between Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Goa , are home to dense evergreen, semi-evergreen, and moist deciduous forests.

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Manas Srivastava is currently working as Deputy Copy Editor with The Indian Express (digital) and majorly writes for UPSC-related projects leading a unique initiative known as UPSC Essentials. In the past, Manas has represented India at the G-20 Youth Summit in Mexico. He is a former member of the Youth Council, GOI. A two-time topper/gold medallist in History (both in graduation and post-graduation) from Delhi University, he has mentored and taught UPSC aspirants for more than four years. His diverse role in The Indian Express consists of writing, editing, anchoring/ hosting, interviewing experts, and curating and simplifying news for the benefit of students. He hosts the YouTube talk show called ‘Art and Culture with Devdutt Pattanaik’ and a LIVE series on Instagram and YouTube called ‘You Ask We Answer’.His talks on ‘How to read a newspaper’ focus on newspaper reading as an essential habit for students. His articles and videos aim at finding solutions to the general queries of students and hence he believes in being students' editor, preparing them not just for any exam but helping them to become informed citizens. This is where he makes his teaching profession meet journalism. He is also currently working on a monthly magazine for UPSC Aspirants. He is a recipient of the Dip Chand Memorial Award, the Lala Ram Mohan Prize and Prof. Papiya Ghosh Memorial Prize for academic excellence. He was also awarded the University’s Post-Graduate Scholarship for pursuing M.A. in History where he chose to specialise in Ancient India due to his keen interest in Archaeology. He has also successfully completed a Certificate course on Women’s Studies by the Women’s Studies Development Centre, DU. As a part of N.S.S in the past, Manas has worked with national and international organisations and has shown keen interest and active participation in Social Service. He has led and been a part of projects involving areas such as gender sensitisation, persons with disability, helping slum dwellers, environment, adopting our heritage programme. He has also presented a case study on ‘Psychological stress among students’ at ICSQCC- Sri Lanka. As a compere for seminars and other events he likes to keep his orating hobby alive. His interests also lie in International Relations, Governance, Social issues, Essays and poetry. ... Read More

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