Chicago Research Paper Formatting
Chicago manual of style (cmos - 17th edition).
- Finding Sources for Your Paper
- Additional Resources
- Sample Papers
You are going to love this! Save this template somewhere safe or e-mail it to yourself. Then resave it immediately with the name of your new document. This will keep your template safe and ready to reuse again for future assignments.
The templates provided will be sufficient for most student Chicago Style papers. For more information on formatting, please check out The Chicago Manual of Style Online Resources for Students page at https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/help-tools/Resources-for-Students.html .
- Purdue Owl Author Date Sample Paper Sample paper is downloadable.
- Purdue Owl Notes Bibliography Sample Paper Sample paper is downloadable.
- Turabian: Student Paper-Writing Tip Sheets Official Chicago style, in easy-to-use, printable PDF paper-writing tip sheets for students, teachers, and librarians. Guidelines are per Kate L. Turabian, A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (9th ed.) and are fully compatible with The Chicago Manual of Style (17th ed.).
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How to Write and Format a Chicago Style Paper [With Examples]
3-minute read
- 18th August 2023
Are you working on a Chicago style project but struggling with the question, “just what is it?!”
Fear not, this post will walk you through Chicago style basics.
What Is Chicago Style?
The Chicago Manual of Style (CMoS) is a comprehensive style guide primarily used by professional writers, publishers, and researchers. It covers various forms of writing, including books, journals, magazines, and other publications. It’s often the go-to style for publishers and editors. CMoS is also known for its emphasis on scholarly writing and is suitable for a wide range of disciplines, including history, literature, the arts, and social sciences.
However, there’s an important distinction between Chicago style and Turabian style , which is essentially a simplified version of CMoS used in scholarly writing. Turabian omits some of the complexities and focuses on the needs of academic writers, especially those in the humanities and social sciences.
With either style, it’s essential to consult the relevant edition of the style guide specified by your institution or publication: either The Chicago Manual of Style or A Manual for Writers by Kate L. Turabian (currently in its ninth edition).
How Are Chicago Style Citations Formatted?
CMoS emphasizes two primary documentation systems : the notes and bibliography system (often used in the humanities) and the author–date system (preferred in the sciences and social sciences). When formatting a CMoS/Turabian paper, you’ll need to adhere to the guidelines associated with your chosen documentation system.
Notes and Bibliography System:
● In this system, you’ll use footnotes or endnotes to cite sources within the text.
● A corresponding bibliography is included at the end of the paper, listing all sources in alphabetical order.
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● Citations typically include author names, titles, publication details, and page numbers.
Author–Date System:
● In the author–date system, you’ll incorporate in-text citations within parentheses.
● A reference list is included at the end of the document, providing full details for each cited source.
● Citations include author’s last names, publication year, and page numbers (if applicable).
What Does Turabian Style Formatting Look Like?
A well-structured Turabian Style paper should adhere to the following formatting guidelines :
- Title page : Include the title of your paper, your name, the course name/number, instructor’s name, and the date on a separate page, starting a third of the page down. Alternatively, write the title on the first page.
- Margins : Apply one-inch margins on all sides.
- Indentation and spacing : Indent paragraphs and double-space the main text.
- Font : Use a legible 12-point font (e.g., Times New Roman).
- Page numbers : Number all pages consecutively in the top right corner, starting with the first page. Alternatively, page numbers may be placed at the bottom center of the page.
- Headings and subheadings : Use headline-style capitalization for headings and subheadings, with different levels distinguished.
- Footnotes or in-text citations: Implement your chosen citation system consistently throughout the paper.
- Bibliography or reference list : Include a comprehensive list of all sources used, following Chicago style citation guidelines for your chosen system.
How Should I Choose Which Chicago Style Documentation to Use?
It’s crucial to find out which specific CMoS system is preferred by your institution, publisher, or field of study. Always consult your assignment guidelines or style manual to determine whether you should use the notes and bibliography system or the author–date system. This choice will significantly impact how you format your citations and references.
Remember that mastering CMoS takes practice. By following these guidelines, you’ll be well on your way to crafting polished, professionally formatted papers that meet the expectations of your academic or professional audience.
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Chicago Style Guide - 17th Edition
- Chicago Style
- Title Page and Pagination
- Quotations and Signal Phrases
- Bibliography
- Chicago's Citation Parts
- Articles - Online
- Articles - Print
- Blogs and Social Media
- Government Publications
- Elders & Knowledge Keepers
- Other Sources
- Secondary Sources
- Generative AI Tools (e.g., ChatGPT, DALL·E 2)
- Author/Date (Scientific) System
- Need More Help?
Useful Links
- Chicago Manual of Style Online - Quick Guide
- Douglas College Library - Chicago Style Guide (PDF)
- Purdue OWL - Chicago Manual of Style (17th ed.)
- SFU Library - Chicago/Turabian (17th ed.) Citation Guide
Avoid Plagiarism
- Camosun Academic Integrity Guide
- Camosun Plagiarism Guide
- Douglas College Learning Centre - Paraphrasing Without Plagiarizing
- Purdue OWL - Avoiding Plagiarism
- SFU Library - Plagiarism Tutorial
Chicago Style Sample Research Paper
Formatting and Sample Paper
The formatting guidelines listed on this page, provide general best practices for formatting your work using the Chicago style. Detailed information about formatting your title page , using quotes and signal phrases , and creating a bibliography , can be found by navigating to various sub-pages of this "Formatting Your Paper" page.
Learning how to correctly format your research paper into Chicago style can seem overwhelming, especially if the style is new to you. One of the best ways to help visualize what your paper needs to look like is by checking out an example of a paper that has already been formatted correctly.
View this sample Chicago style research paper ( notes and bibliography/humanities system ) from Purdue OWL for examples on how to format:
- A title page
- Headers and page numbers
- A bibliography
For a sample paper in the Chicago author/date style , visit the "Author/Date (Scientific) System" page in this guide.
Paragraphs and Spacing
The first line of all new paragraphs should begin with an indent . You can use either the tab key or your word processor's indentation tool to make your indentations–just be sure to be consistent and use the same process throughout your paper.
Your paper should be double spaced throughout its main body , with the following exceptions:
- Block quotations , table titles , and figure captions should be single-spaced .
- An extra line of space should be inserted both before and after a block quotation.
Entries in the bibliography and footnotes/ endnotes are single spaced within entries , but double-spaced between entries (unless your instructor prefers double-spacing throughout).
Footnotes and Endnotes
- Notes can be either footnotes (placed at the foot (bottom) of the same page as the referenced text) or endnotes (listed on a separate sheet at the end of the essay, before the bibliography).
- Other than placement in your document, footnotes and endnotes are structured in exactly the same way .
- Notes are numbered consecutively throughout the paper. Most word processing programs (such as MS Word) handle footnotes automatically.
- Follow your instructors’ directions when deciding whether to use footnotes or endnotes.
To insert a footnote in a Microsoft Word document:
- Place the cursor after the text you want to cite.
- Click on the " References " tab.
- In the " Footnotes " section , click on the " In sert Footnote " button.
- A superscript number 1 will appear after the text you want to cite.
- A superscript number 1 will also appear at the bottom of page.
- At the bottom of the page next to the superscript number, enter the citation information for your resource (see the citation examples in this guide for how to create footnotes).
- Repeat these steps to insert and consecutively number your footnotes.
Some instructors may ask you to use endnotes, instead of footnotes. For information on inserting endnotes, see the Microsoft Office Tutorial .
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- URL: https://camosun.libguides.com/Chicago-17thEd
Purdue Online Writing Lab Purdue OWL® College of Liberal Arts
General Format
Welcome to the Purdue OWL
This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice.
Copyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use.
Since The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) is primarily intended as a style guide for published works rather than class papers, these guidelines will be supplemented with information from, Kate L. Turabian’s Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (8th ed.), which is largely based on CMOS with some slight alterations.
To see a side-by-side comparison of the three most widely used citation styles, including a chart of all CMOS citation guidelines, see the Citation Style Chart.
Please use the example at the bottom of this page to cite the Purdue OWL in CMOS.
A Note on Citations
Unlike many citation styles, CMOS gives writers two different methods for documenting sources: the Author-Date System and the Notes-Bibliography (NB) System. As its name suggests, Author-Date uses parenthetical citations in the text to reference the source's author's last name and the year of publication. Each parenthetical citation corresponds to an entry on a References page that concludes the document. In these regards, Author-Date is very similar to, for instance, APA style.
By contrast, NB uses numbered footnotes in the text to direct the reader to a shortened citation at the bottom of the page. This corresponds to a fuller citation on a Bibliography page that concludes the document. Though the general principles of citation are the same here, the citations themselves are formatted differently from the way they appear in Author-Date.
If you are using CMOS for school or work, don't forget to ensure that you're using your organization's preferred citation method. For examples of these two different styles in action, see our CMOS sample papers:
Author-Date Sample Paper
NB Sample Paper
General CMOS Guidelines
- Text should be consistently double-spaced, except for block quotations, notes, bibliography entries, table titles, and figure captions.
- A prose quotation of five or more lines, or more than 100 words, should be blocked.
- CMOS recommends blocking two or more lines of poetry.
- A blocked quotation does not get enclosed in quotation marks.
- A blocked quotation must always begin a new line.
- Blocked quotations should be indented with the word processor’s indention tool.
- Page numbers begin in the header of the first page of text with Arabic number 1.
- For CMOS and Turabian’s recommendations, see “Headings,” below.
Supplemental Turabian Style Guidelines
- Margins should be set at no less than 1”.
- Typeface should be something readable, such as Times New Roman or Courier.
- Font size should be no less than 10 pt. (preferably, 12 pt.).
Major Paper Sections
- The title should be centered a third of the way down the page.
- Your name, class information, and the date should follow several lines later.
- For subtitles, end the title line with a colon and place the subtitle on the line below the title.
- Double-space each line of the title page.
CMOS Title Page
- Different practices apply for theses and dissertations (see Kate L. Turabian’s A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, ad Dissertations [8 th ed.].
- Titles mentioned in the text, notes, or bibliography are capitalized “headline-style,” meaning first words of titles and subtitles and any important words thereafter should be capitalized.
- Book and periodical titles (titles of larger works) should be italicized.
- Article and chapter titles (titles of shorter works) should be enclosed in double quotation marks.
- The titles of most poems should be enclosed in double quotation marks, but the titles of very long poems should be italicized.
- Titles of plays should be italicized.
- For example, use lowercase terms to describe periods, except in the case of proper nouns (e.g., “the colonial period,” vs. “the Victorian era”).
- A prose quotation of five or more lines should be “blocked.” The block quotation should match the surrounding text, and it takes no quotation marks. To offset the block quote from surrounding text, indent the entire quotation using the word processor’s indentation tool. It is also possible to offset the block quotation by using a different or smaller font than the surrounding text.
- Label the first page of your back matter, your comprehensive list of sources, “Bibliography” (for Notes and Bibliography style) or “References” (for Author-Date style).
- Leave two blank lines between “Bibliography” or “References” and your first entry.
- Leave one blank line between remaining entries.
- List entries in letter-by-letter alphabetical order according to the first word in each entry, be that the author's name or the title of the piece..
- For two to three authors, write out all names.
- For four to ten authors, write out all names in the bibliography but only the first author’s name plus “et al.” in notes and parenthetical citations.
- When a source has no identifiable author, cite it by its title, both on the references page and in shortened form (up to four keywords from that title) in parenthetical citations throughout the text.
- Write out publishers’ names in full.
- Do not use access dates unless publication dates are unavailable.
- If you cannot ascertain the publication date of a printed work, use the abbreviation “n.d.”
- Provide DOIs instead of URLs whenever possible.
- If no DOI is available, provide a URL.
- If you cannot name a specific page number when called for, you have other options: section (sec.), equation (eq.), volume (vol.), or note (n.).
CMOS Bibliography Page
- Note numbers should begin with “1” and follow consecutively throughout a given paper.
- Note numbers are superscripted.
- Note numbers should be placed at the end of the clause or sentence to which they refer and should be placed after all punctuation, except for the dash.
- Note numbers are full-sized, not raised, and followed by a period (superscripting note numbers in the notes themselves is also acceptable).
- In parenthetical citation, separate documentation from brief commentary with a semicolon.
- Do not repeat the hundreds digit in a page range if it does not change from the beginning to the end of the range.
For more information on footnotes, please see CMOS NB Sample Paper .
While The Chicago Manual of Style does not include a prescribed system for formatting headings and subheads, it makes several recommendations.
- Maintain consistency and parallel structure in headings and subheads.
- Use headline-style for purposes of capitalization.
- Subheadings should begin on a new line.
- Subheadings can be distinguished by font-size.
- Ensure that each level of hierarchy is clear and consistent.
- Levels of subheads can be differentiated by type style, use of boldface or italics, and placement on the page, usually either centered or flush left.
- Use no more than three levels of hierarchy.
- Avoid ending subheadings with periods.
Turabian has an optional system of five heading levels.
Turabian Subheading Plan
Here is an example of the five-level heading system:
CMOS Headings
Tables and Figures
- Position tables and figures as soon as possible after they are first referenced. If necessary, present them after the paragraph in which they are described.
- For figures, include a caption, or short explanation of the figure or illustration, directly after the figure number.
- Cite a source as you would for parenthetical citation, and include full information in an entry on your Bibliography or References page.
- Acknowledge reproduced or adapted sources appropriately (i.e., photo by; data adapted from; map by...).
- If a table includes data not acquired by the author of the text, include an unnumbered footnote. Introduce the note by the word Source(s) followed by a colon, then include the full source information, and end the note with a period.
How to Cite the Purdue OWL in CMOS
On the new OWL site, contributors’ names and the last edited date are no longer listed at the top of every page. This means that most citations will now begin with the title of the resource, rather than the contributors' names.
Footnote or Endnote (N):
Corresponding Bibliographical Entry (B):
“Title of Resource.” List the OWL as Publishing Organization/Web Site Name . http://Web address for OWL resource.
“General Format.” The Purdue OWL. https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/02/.
Author Date In-text Citation:
("General Format" 2017).
Author Date References Page Citation:
Year of Publication. “Title of Resource.” List the OWL as Publishing Organization/Web Site Name . http://Web address for OWL resource.
2017. “General Format.” The Purdue OWL . https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/02.
Chicago Style (17th ed.): Citation Guide
- Getting Started with Chicago
Formatting a Paper in Chicago Style
Chicago paper visual guide.
- Citing Sources in Chicago Style
- Chicago Style Citation Examples
- Additional Chicago Style Resources
- Citation Guides Homepage
Sample Student Paper
- Sample Chicago Paper
Ask A Librarian
- Paper Formatting
- Bibliography
Chicago Basic Formatting Rules
The following guidelines are the basic formatting rules outlined in the Chicago Manual of Style 17th edition. If your instructor sets different requirements, always use your instructor's guidelines first.
- readable serif font, regular-sized
- example: 12pt Times New Roman
- double space the body of the paper
- 1-inch margins on all sides
- indent the first line of each paragraph by 1/2-inch (tab)
- left-justified for the body of the paper
Page Numbers:
- count the title page as page one, but don't include a page number
- include the page number in the top right corner of all pages except the title page
Formatting Notes:
- Format note numbers as superscripts in the text of your paper
- single space each note (footnote or endnote) but double space between notes
Chicago Title Page
The following guidelines are the basic formatting rules outlined in the Chicago Manual of Style 17th edition. If your instructor sets different requirements, always use your instructor's guidelines first.
Page Number:
- do not include the page number on the title page (but it counts as page 1)
Title Page Heading:
- Paper Title
- Date (Month Day, Year)
Bibliography Formatting
The following guidelines are the basic formatting rules outlined in the Chicago Manual of Style 17th edition. If your instructor sets different requirements, always use your instructor's guidelines first.
- needs to start on a new page following the end of your paper
- include the title Bibliography centered on the first line of the page
- everything after the title is left-justified
- listed in alphabetical order by the first part of the citation (usually the author)
- each entry is single spaced with a double space between each entry
- Each entry should have a hanging indent- or it should start at the left margin and then have all lines after it indented by 1/2-inch
Click on the information circles for tips on how to use Microsoft Word to format your paper in Chicago Style.
- << Previous: Getting Started with Chicago
- Next: Citing Sources in Chicago Style >>
- Last Updated: Feb 27, 2024 10:08 AM
- URL: https://lonestar-online.libguides.com/chicago
How to Write an Outline for a Thesis Paper in Chicago Style
Michael green.
Many thesis writers start by organizing their thoughts and research using an outline. The outline acts as the skeleton that your completed paper will flesh out. It will also help you stay on track while writing and narrow down your research ideas. The "Chicago Manual of Style, 16th Edition" has a specific style you should follow to make your outline.
Explore this article
- Choose a Thesis Statement
- Use Roman Numerals to State Main Points
- Use Capital Letters to Support Ideas
- Decide How Many Subsequent Categories Are Needed
1 Choose a Thesis Statement
Your thesis statement is the most important part of the entire paper, and everything you assert in the body of your paper should support your thesis. Your thesis should be precise and concise and tell the reader why your ideas are important. All of the points in your outline should reflect what's found in your thesis. The points of your outlines do not need to be in complete sentences, so they do not require punctuation. You should, however, capitalize at the start of each point.
2 Use Roman Numerals to State Main Points
Start your outline with a Roman numeral “I” and a period. Your first Roman numeral should be your thesis statement. Roman numerals indicate important points that support your thesis. Each Roman numeral will end up being a new paragraph in your paper. Every Roman numeral you use should be on its own line.
3 Use Capital Letters to Support Ideas
Capital letters followed by periods will support the ideas stated in your main points. Use capital letters underneath the Roman numeral when listing these ideas. Your idea must support the Roman numeral it is under, which in turn will support the thesis. You must indent one space past the Roman numerals for the capital letters.
4 Decide How Many Subsequent Categories Are Needed
When outlining a thesis paper, you will likely need more categories to demonstrate your ideas. The "Chicago Manual of Style, 16th Edition" has a precise format you need to follow when structuring these subordinate ideas. After a capital letter, drop down a line, indent, and use regular, or Arabic, numbers followed by a period. Below this, use lowercase letters followed by a period and then lowercase letters followed by one parenthesis. This is followed by numbers enclosed by double parentheses, lowercase letters enclosed by double parentheses and, finally, lowercase Roman numerals followed by a single parenthesis.
- 1 Purdue University OWL: Chicago Manual of Style 16th Edition
- 2 University of North Carolina: Thesis Statements
- 3 Georgia Tech University: Research Process -- A Step-by-Step Guide -- 4b. Outline the Paper
About the Author
Michael Green graduated from one of the top journalism schools in the country, the University of Missouri, where he also received his master's degree in education. Green has taught creative writing, journalism and health and has been published in "Body Balance," "Alive" and "PUSH Monthly."
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sample outline; For help writing your essay, research paper, or other project, check out these writing tips. ... Chicago style-outline basics. Chicago's guidelines for creating an outline are fairly flexible. One key requirement for an outline in Chicago is consistency. This means that you should make sure your numbering and formatting are ...
General formatting. Chicago doesn't require a specific font or font size, but recommends using something simple and readable (e.g., 12 pt. Times New Roman). Use margins of at least 1 inch on all sides of the page. The main text should be double-spaced, and each new paragraph should begin with a ½ inch indent.
Author-Date Sample Paper. NB Sample Paper. In addition to consulting The Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition) for more information, students may also find it useful to consult Kate L. Turabian's Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (8th edition). This manual, which presents what is commonly known as the "Turabian ...
Official Chicago style, in easy-to-use, printable PDF paper-writing tip sheets for students, teachers, and librarians. Guidelines are per Kate L. Turabian, A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (9th ed.) and are fully compatible with The Chicago Manual of Style (17th ed.). <<
CMOS NB Sample Paper. This resource contains the Notes and Bibliography (NB) sample paper for the Chicago Manual of Style 17 th edition. To download the sample paper, click this link.
Title page: Include the title of your paper, your name, the course name/number, instructor's name, and the date on a separate page, starting a third of the page down. Alternatively, write the title on the first page. Margins: Apply one-inch margins on all sides. Indentation and spacing: Indent paragraphs and double-space the main text.
A decimal outline is similar in format to the alphanumeric outline, but with a different numbering system: 1, 1.1, 1.2, etc. Text is written as short notes rather than full sentences. Example: 1 Body paragraph one. 1.1 First point. 1.1.1 Sub-point of first point. 1.1.2 Sub-point of first point.
Proper Chicago Outline Format for an Essay. One of the first steps to writing a college or high school essay or research paper in Chicago 17 style is creating an outline. An essay outline not only helps you organize your thoughts and sources, but it actually helps with writing the paper itself. But first, you must familiarize yourself with how ...
Official Chicago style, in easy-to-use, printable PDF paper-writing tip sheets for students, teachers, and librarians. Guidelines are per Kate L. Turabian, A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (9th ed.) and are fully compatible with The Chicago Manual of Style (17th ed.). [Important: Directions from your teacher ...
The Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition) contains guidelines for two styles of citation: notes and bibliography and author-date.. Notes and bibliography is the most common type of Chicago style citation, and the main focus of this article. It is widely used in the humanities. Citations are placed in footnotes or endnotes, with a Chicago style bibliography listing your sources in full at the end.
Papers that are written in Chicago Style should have a title page that presents the student's information. Included on this title page should be the title of the paper, the student's name, and the course information about the paper's class. The example title page of this example essay was modeled from Rampolla's pocket guide from page 146.
Formatting and Sample Paper. The formatting guidelines listed on this page, provide general best practices for formatting your work using the Chicago style. Detailed information about formatting your title page, using quotes and signal phrases, and creating a bibliography, can be found by navigating to various sub-pages of this "Formatting Your Paper" page.
sentences, not two.(or, if no chapters, per paper). Chicago-Style Paper Formats Main Text Use a widely available, legible font, such as 12 pt. Times New Roman (as shown here) or Calibri, or 11 pt. Arial (some fonts will appear larger than others, even at the same point size). 4 Double-space the main text. Leave the right margin "ragged."
Since The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) is primarily intended as a style guide for published works rather than class papers, these guidelines will be supplemented with information from, Kate L. Turabian's Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (8th ed.), which is largely based on CMOS with some slight alterations.
Title Page. Double space and centre text. Use the same font style as in the main text. Title of paper should begin about 1/3 of the way down the page. If there is a title and subtitle, Chicago Manual of Style Sample Paper: the two should be on different lines, separated by. General Formatting Guidelines.
Chicago Basic Formatting Rules. The following guidelines are the basic formatting rules outlined in the Chicago Manual of Style 17th edition. If your instructor sets different requirements, always use your instructor's guidelines first. Font: readable serif font, regular-sized; example: 12pt Times New Roman; Spacing: double space the body of ...
The Chicago Manual of Style offers two distinct documentation methods, one for the humanities (Notes and Bibliography system) and one for the sciences (Author-Date system). This guide presumes you're using the Notes & Bibliography format, which is common for Lone Star College classes.. There is no particular required font, but stick with Times New Roman size 12, as you would for other essays.
1 "Turabian" style is an abbreviated version of the more-comprehensive "Chicago" style. Turabian is named for Kate L. Turabian, the author of A Manual for Writers of Research Papers ...
Writing a research paper requires focus and attention to detail, and the Chicago Manual of Style lays down specific guidelines for students to follow. This is because since 1906, the Chicago Manual of Style has been one of the most widely used guides in the United States. To get started on their assignment, many ...
The main guidelines for formatting a paper in APA Style are as follows: Use a standard font like 12 pt Times New Roman or 11 pt Arial. Set 1 inch page margins. Apply double line spacing. If submitting for publication, insert a APA running head on every page. Indent every new paragraph ½ inch.
History Research Paper, Chicago (CMS) Style (Benjamin) Marginal annotations indicate CMS-style formatting and effective writing. ... Bedford/St. Martin's, 2010). This paper follows the style guidelines in The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th ed. (2010). Wage Slavery or True Independence? Women Workers in the Lowell, Massachusetts, Textile Mills ...
Many thesis writers start by organizing their thoughts and research using an outline. The outline acts as the skeleton that your completed paper will flesh out. It will also help you stay on track while writing and narrow down your research ideas. The "Chicago Manual of Style, 16th Edition" has a ...
Here are some tips on how to format a paper in APA style: Double-space all your text. Maintain one-inch margins on all sides of the paper. Use a font style that is easy to read (typically 12-point Times New Roman). Include an APA header on all pages of your paper. Make sure each new paragraph is indented by 0.5 inches.