essay on discrimination in urdu

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Published: 22 December 2022

Perpetuation of gender discrimination in Pakistani society: results from a scoping review and qualitative study conducted in three provinces of Pakistan

Tazeen Saeed Ali ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-8896-8766 1 , 2 ,
Shahnaz Shahid Ali 1 ,
Sanober Nadeem 3 ,
Zahid Memon 4 ,
Sajid Soofi 4 ,
Falak Madhani 3 ,
Yasmin Karim 5 ,
Shah Mohammad 4 &
Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta 6 , 7

BMC Women's Health volume 22 , Article number: 540 ( 2022 ) Cite this article

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Gender discrimination is any unequal treatment of a person based on their sex. Women and girls are most likely to experience the negative impact of gender discrimination. The aim of this study is to assess the factors that influence gender discrimination in Pakistan, and its impact on women’s life.

A mixed method approach was used in the study in which a systematic review was done in phase one to explore the themes on gender discrimination, and qualitative interviews were conducted in phase two to explore the perception of people regarding gender discrimination. The qualitative interviews (in-depth interviews and focus group discussions) were conducted from married men and women, adolescent boys and girls, Healthcare Professionals (HCPs), Lady Health Visitors (LHVs) and Community Midwives (CMWs). The qualitative interviews were analyzed both manually and electronically through QSR NVivo 10. The triangulation of data from the systematic review and qualitative interviews were done to explore the gender discrimination related issues in Pakistan.

The six major themes have emerged from the systematic review and qualitative interviews. It includes (1) Status of a woman in the society (2) Gender inequality in health (3) Gender inequality in education (4) Gender inequality in employment (5) Gender biased social norms and cultural practices and (6) Micro and macro level recommendations. In addition, a woman is often viewed as a sexual object and dependent being who lacks self identity unless being married. Furthermore, women are restricted to household and child rearing responsibilities and are often neglected and forced to suppress self-expression. Likewise, men are viewed as dominant figures in lives of women who usually makes all family decisions. They are considered as financial providers and source of protection. Moreover, women face gender discrimination in many aspects of life including education and access to health care.

Gender discrimination is deeply rooted in the Pakistani society. To prevent gender discrimination, the entire society, especially women should be educated and gendered sensitized to improve the status of women in Pakistan.

Peer Review reports

Gender discrimination refers to any situation where a person is treated differently because they are male or female, rather than based on their competency or proficiency [ 1 , 2 ]. Gender discrimination harms all of society and negatively impacts the economy, education, health and life expectancy [ 1 , 2 ]. Women and girls are most likely to experience the negative impacts of gender discrimination. It include inadequate educational opportunities, low status in society and lack of freedom to take decisions for self and family [ 1 , 3 ].

Likewise, gender discrimination is one of the human rights issues in Pakistan and is affecting huge proportion of women in the country [ 1 , 2 ]. In Pakistan, nearly 50% of the women lacks basic education [ 4 ]. In addition, women in Pakistan have lower health and nutritional status. Furthermore, most of the women are restricted in their homes with minimal or no rights to make choices, judgments, and decisions, that directly affect their living conditions and other familial aspects [ 2 ]. In contrast, men are considered dominant in the Pakistani society [ 5 ]. This subordination of women has negative influences on different stages of women’s life.

Study design

The mixed method study design was used. Systematic review was done in phase one and qualitative interviews; in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted in phase two.

The objective of the systematic review

To map a broad topic, gender discrimination/inequality research in Pakistan including women undergoing any form of intimate partner violence.

Systematic review

The three authors (TSA, SSA and SN) independently performed an extensive literature search using two databases: PubMed and Google Scholar and reports from organizations such as WHO and the Aurat Foundation. Quantitative and Boolean operators were used to narrow down the search results. The following keywords and phrases were used: Intimate partner violence (IPV), domestic violence, violence against women, domestic abuse, spousal violence, and Pakistan. Articles from 2008 to 2021 were assessed. The selection criteria of the articles included: women undergoing any form of IPV (physical, psychological, and sexual); quantitative study design; English as the publication language; and articles in which Pakistan was the study setting. The shortlisted articles were cross-checked by two of the authors (TSA, and SN) for final selection. The quality of the selected articles was reviewed using a STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) checklist, which ensured all articles followed a structured approach, including an introduction, methodology, results, and a discussion section. It was also determined that all selected articles are published in peer-reviewed journals and have been used nationally or internationally. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) chart was used for study selection (Fig. 1 ).

PRISMA Diagram to select the final articles

The selected articles were approved by one of the authors (TSA), who is an expert in the field of IPV. Articles were excluded: (i) If the study was not conducted in Pakistan; (ii) Studied spousal violence against men and (iii) Domestic violence involving in-laws or other family members. Furthermore, from the selected articles, the data were extracted by 3 authors (TSA, SSA, SN) by carefully studying the methodology and results. The methodology was entered into an extraction template in which location was summarized including the study design and sample size in the articles. The results covered: (i) The title, (ii) Authors, (iii) Publication year, (iv) Objectives of the research, (v) Population and Setting, (vi) Research design, (vii) Data collection methods, (ix) Results, (x) Perpetuating factors (xi) Recommendations and (xii) prevalence of Intimate Partners Violence (IPV) faced by women, which was further categorized into: (a) Psychological/emotional violence, (b) Physical violence, (c) Sexual violence, (d) Both combined and (e) Violence of any other type.

Qualitative data collection

Participants selection.

Purposeful sampling was done to recruit the participants for qualitative data collection. Participants included groups of married men and women aged between 18 to 49 years, groups of unmarried adolescent boys and girls aged between 14 to 21 years, and groups of healthcare professionals (HCPs), comprising of doctors, nurses, Lady Health Visitors (LHVs), Lady Health Workers (LHWs) and Community Midwives (CMWs). Ethics approval was obtained from the Aga Khan University, Ethics Review Committee.

Study sites

The selected study sites included two districts from Chitral (Upper and Lower Chitral), six districts from Gilgit (Gilgit, Ghizer, Hunza, Nagar, Astore, and Skardu), and two districts from Sindh (Matiari and Qambar Shadadkot). The following are the details of the data collection (Refer Table 1 ).

Data collection

Data were collected by conducting (IDIs) and (FGDs). The IDI and FGD interview guides were developed specifically for the study and reviewed based on the literature. IDIs were conducted with the healthcare industry administrators, Heads of the Departments (HODs), and HCPs of private and government health settings, including gynaecologists, LHWs, LHVs, and CMWs. The IDI interview guides comprised of the questions related to knowledge, sources of information, and attitudes regarding gender-based discrimination (how each gender is perceived in society and how physical and social differences in the roles of males and females affect an individual or society). The IDIs were conducted in Urdu and local language. The interviews were audio-recorded. Each IDIs lasted for 45–60 minutes.

Likewise, the FGDs were conducted using different interview guides, which were designed to assess the perception of adolescent girls and boys, married men and women and health care workers regarding gender discrimination in the society (perceptions of masculinity and femininity, and gender role expectations of a society). The FGDs were conducted in Urdu and local language. The interviews were audio-recorded. Each FGDs lasted for 60–120 minutes.

Data analysis

All interviews were audio recorded and transcribed in English. Training was provided to the data collectors, and they were supervised by the authors throughout the process to ensure transcriptions are written accurately and correctly, representing the actual data collected during interviews. Thematic analysis was carried out in four different steps. Firstly, manual analysis was done by the research team where transcriptions were thoroughly read, and codes were identified. These codes were combined according to their contextual similarity which followed the derivation of categories, based on which, themes were developed. Secondly, similar manual analysis was conducted by an expert data analyst. Thirdly, analysis was conducted using QSR NVivo 10. In the final step, all three analyses were combined and verified by the research team followed by the compilation of results.

Data integrity

To maintain the credibility or truthfulness of the data, the following strategies were used: (1) Prolonged engagement: Various distinct questions were asked related to the topic and participants were encouraged to share their statements with examples, (2) Triangulation: Data was analyzed by the author, expert data analyst and through QSR NVivo10, (3) Persistent observation: The authors read and reread the data, analyzed them recoded and relabeled codes and categories and revised the concepts accordingly, and (4) Transferability: The ability to generalize or transfer the findings to other context or settings, was ensured by explaining in detail the research context and its conclusions [ 6 ].

Ethical considerations

Ethical approval was obtained from the ethics review committee (ERC), Aga Khan University. The ERC number is 2020-3606-11,489. To ensure voluntary participation of the study participants both verbal and written consent were obtained. For those who were younger than 18 years of age were given written assent, and their parent, or guardian’ verbally consented due to literacy issues. In addition to anonymity of the study participants were maintained by assigning codes to the study participants. To avoid loss of data, interview recordings were saved on a hard drive and in the email account of the author. The data on hard copies such as note pads used during IDIs and informed consents were kept in lock and key. All the data present in hard copy was scanned and saved in the hard drive with password protection. To ensure confidentiality, only the authors had access to hard and soft data of the study.

The studies selected were scrutinized to form a data extraction template with all the relevant data such as author, publication year, study title, purpose, design, setting, sampling, main results, perpetuating factors, and recommendations (Refer Table 2 , provided in the attachment). Most of the 20 studies included in the review were conducted in Pakistan however the most frequent study design was cross-sectional ( n = 9) followed by narrative research based on desk reviews ( n = 8), one was a case study, and two were cross-country comparison by using secondary data. Four studies were conducted in Province Punjab, three studies were conducted in KPK, and one in both KPK and Punjab. Only one study was conducted in Sindh province. The remaining used whole Pakistan in systematic review. The maximum sample size in a cross-sectional study was ( n = 506). Six major themes have emerged from the review which included (1) Status of Women in Society (2) Gender Inequality in Health (3) Gender Inequality in Education (4) Gender Inequality in Employment (5) Gender Biased Social Norms and Cultural Practices (6) Micro and Macro Level Recommendations.

Status of a woman in the society

The Pakistani women often face gender inequality [ 13 ]. Women are seen as a sexual object who are not allowed to take decision for self or their family. However, the male is seen as a symbol of power. Due to male ownership and the patriarchal structure of the Pakistani society women are submissive to men, their rights are ignored, and their identity is lost. Out of twenty, nine studies reported that a female can not take an independent decision, someone else decides on her behalf, mainly father before marriage then-husband and son [ 1 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 13 ]. The three studies report that women are not allowed to participate in elections or have very limited participation in politics. Furthermore, women often face inequalities and discrimination in access to health, education, and employment that have negative impact in their lives [ 1 , 2 ]. In addition, media often portrays women in the stereotyped role whose only responsibility is to look after the family and household chores [ 2 ]. Likewise, women have less access and control over financial and physical assets [ 13 ]. Similarly, in most of the low economic and tribal families’ women face verbal and physical abuse [ 8 ].

Gender inequality in health

Gender disparity in health is obvious in Pakistan. Women suffer from neglect of health and nutrition. They don’t have reproductive health rights, appropriate prenatal and postnatal care, and decision-making power for birth spacing those results in maternal mortality and morbidity [ 13 ]. Women can not take decision for her and her children’s health; she doesn’t have access to quality education and health services [ 13 , 15 ]. Furthermore, many papers report son preference [ 1 , 3 ]. Gender-based violence is also very common in Pakistan that leads to harmful consequences on the health and wellbeing of women [ 9 ].

Gender inequality in education

Low investment in girls’ education has been reported in almost all the papers reviewed. The major reason for low investment is low returns from girls, as boys are perceived to be potential head of the house and future bread winner [ 6 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 15 ]. One of the case study reports, people believe, Muslim women should be brought up in a way that they can fulfill the role of a good daughter, wife, and a mother; and education can have a “bad influence” to develop these characteristics in women [ 12 ]. If girls are educated, they become less obedient and evil and don’t take interest in household chores that is the primary responsibility of her [ 12 ]. Moreover, religious leaders have strong authority in rural areas. They often misuse Islamic teaching and educate parents that through education, women become independent and cannot become a good mother, daughter, and a wife. These teachings mostly hinder girl’s education. Other barriers in girls’ education are access to the facility and women’s safety. Five studies reported that most of the schools are on long distances and have co-education system that is perceived as un-Islamic. Parents are reluctant to send their daughters for education as they feel unsafe and threatened [ 1 , 4 , 12 , 13 , 15 ]. Poverty is another root cause of gender disparity in education, as parents cannot afford the education of their children and when there is a choice, preference is given to boys due to their perceived productive role in future. As a result, more dropouts and lower attainment of education by girls particularly living in rural areas [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 11 , 13 ].

Gender inequality in employment

Economic disparity due to gender inequality is an alarming issue in Pakistan. The low status of women in society, home care responsibilities, gender stereotyping, and social-cultural humiliated practices against women are the main hurdles in women’s growth and employment opportunities. Low education of females, restriction on mobility, lack of required skillsets, sex-segregated occupational choices are also big obstacles in the attainment of economic opportunities. Most of the women are out of employment, however those who are in economic stream are facing several challenges [ 7 ]. They face discrimination in all layers of the economy. Men are mostly on the leadership positions, fewer females are involved in decision making, wages are low for females if compared with males, workplace harassment and unfavourable work environment is common that hinders long stay in job [ 1 , 7 , 8 ]. Moreover, a study reported that in a patriarchal society very limited number of females are in business field and entrepreneurship. The main hurdles are capital unavailability, lack of role models, gender discrimination in business, cultural and local customs, and lack of training and education [ 8 ].

Gender biased social norms and cultural practices

The gender discrimination is deeply rooted in the Pakistani society. The gender disparity in Pakistan is evident at household level. It includes Distribution of food, education, health care, early and forced marriages, denial of inheritance right, mobility restriction, abuse, and violence [ 1 , 2 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 11 ]. Furthermore, birth of a boy child is celebrated, and the girl is seen as a burden. Likewise, household chores are duty of a female, and she cannot demand or expect any reward for it. On the other hand, male work has socio-economic value [ 2 , 7 , 15 ]. Furthermore, the female has limited decision making power and most of the decisions are done by male figures in a family or a leader of the tribe or community who is always a male. This patriarchal system is sustained and practiced under the name of Islamic teaching [ 2 , 12 , 13 ]. The prevalence of gender-based violence is also high, in form of verbal abuse, physical abuse, sexual assault, rape and forced sex, etc., In addition, it is usually considered a private matter and legal actions are not taken against it [ 8 ] . Moreover, Karo Kari or honor killing of a female is observed in Pakistan. It is justified as killing in the name of honor . Similarly, women face other forms of gender-based violence that include: (i) bride price (The family of the groom pay their future in-laws at the start of their marriage), (ii) Watta Satta (simultaneous marriage of a brother-sister pair from two households.), (iii) Vani (girls, often minors, are given in marriage or servitude to an aggrieved family as compensation to end disputes, often murder) and (iv) marriage with Quran (the male members of the families marry off their girl child to Holy Quran in order to take control of the property that legally belongs to the girl and would get transferred to her after marriage) [ 1 , 4 , 9 , 14 , 15 ]. Furthermore, the women are restricted to choose political career [ 13 ].

Micro and macro level recommendations

The women should have equal status and participation in all aspects of life that include, health, nutrition, education, employment, and politics [ 1 , 4 , 7 , 9 , 11 ]. Women empowerment should be reinforced at policy level [ 1 , 7 ]. For this, constitution of Pakistan should give equal rights to all citizens. Women should be educated about their rights [ 1 , 2 , 4 , 6 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. To improve status of women, utmost intervention is an investment in girls education. If women is not educated she cannot fight for her rights. Gender parity can only be achieved if women is educated and allowed to participate in decision-making process of law and policies [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 9 , 11 , 14 ]. Similarly, access to health care services is women’s right. Quality education, adequate nutrition, antenatal and post-natal care services, skilled birth attendants, and access and awareness about contraceptives is important to improve women’s health and reduce maternal mortality.

Similarly, women should be given equal opportunities to take part in national development and economic activities of the country to reduce poverty. This is possible through fair employment opportunities, support in women’s own business, equitable policies at workplace and uniform wages and salaries. Besides these, female employees must be informed about their rights and privileges at workplace and employment [ 1 , 7 , 8 , 11 ]. Policy actions should be taken to increase the level of women’s participation in economic growth and entrepreneurship opportunities. There should be active actions to identify bottlenecks of gender parity and unlock growth potential of social institutions [ 5 ]. Another barrier for women empowerment is threatened and unsafe environment to thrive. There should be policies and legislation to protect women from harm, violence, and honor killing that ensure their health, safety, and wellbeing [ 4 , 12 ]. Educational institutions and mass media are two powerful sources that can bring change in society. Government must initiate mass media awareness campaign on gender discrimination at household level, educational institutes, and employment sectors to break discriminatory norms of patriarchal society and to reduce the monopoly of males in marketplace. Parent’s education on gender-equitable practices is also important to bring change at the microlevel. It includes gender-equitable child-rearing practices at home including boys mentoring because they think discrimination against females is a very normal practice and part of a culture [ 3 ]. There is insufficient data on women’s participation and gender parity in health, education, and employment. Thus, there is a strong need to identify effective interventions and relevant stakeholders to reduce the gender discrimination in Pakistan [ 5 ] .

Findings from primary data collection

The following are the major themes emerged from the primary data collection (Refer Table 3 ).

Theme 1: perception of women regarding gender discrimination in society

Woman as a sexual object.

Female participants highlighted that they are seen as “sexual objects” and “a mean of physical attraction” which prevents them from comfortably leaving their homes. One female participant explained this further as,

“We are asked to stay inside the house because men and boys would look at our body and may have bad intentions about us” (Adolescent girl, FGD).

Male participants echoed this narrative as they agreed that women are judged by their physical appearance, such as the shape of their bodies. A male participant stated,

“ Woman is a symbol of beauty and she's seen by the society as the symbol of sex for a man" (Male HCP, IDI).

A male participant reported,

“Women should cover themselves and stay inside the house” (married man, FGD).

One female participant verbalized,

“ We have breasts, and therefore, we are asked to dress properly". (adolescent girls, FGD).

Another stated,

“ Girls are supposed to dress properly and avoid eye contact with boys while walking on the road” (adolescent girls, FGD).

Women as dependent beings

One of the major study findings suggests the idea that women must be “helped” at all times, as they are naturally dependent upon other persons to protect them. One participant stated,

“If a woman is alone, she is afraid of the man's actions ” (adolescent girl, FGD).

Some female participants, however, agreed with this statement to some extent because they felt that men help women to fit into society. Oftentimes, judgment is passed for women without an accompanying male. Participants verbalized that wife cannot survive without husband and similarly daughter cannot live without her father. One participant mentioned,

“We are only allowed to go out when we have our father or brothers to accompany us” (Adolescent girl, FGD).

Other participants agreed with the sentiment differently. Since it is implied that men easily get attracted to women, having a male figure with female will protect her from naturally prying eyes. However, if she cannot be accompanied by a male, she must protect herself by covering fully and maintain distance with males.

Women’s autonomy

Female participants, especially young adolescent girls, shared how restrictions have affected their livelihoods. Participants expressed how easy it is for males to gain permission and leave the house, while females often have series of obstacles in front of them. A young girl stated,

“ There are lot of constraints when we see women in our culture. They must take care of everything at home, yet they must get everybody's permission to go five minutes away. Whereas a boy can go out of town and that too, without anyone’s permission. Looking at this, I wish I were a boy. I'd go wherever I want, and I could do whatever I want” (adolescent girl, FGD).

Males as an identity for females

Women are often identified through a prominent male figure in their life and are not considered to have individual personalities and identities. A female participant mentioned that,

“Woman is someone having a low status in society. People know her through their husband or father name” (married women, FGD).

Child’s upbringing responsibility

Culturally, it is expected from the female members of the family, often mothers, to rear children and take care of their upbringing. Male members, mainly fathers, are expected to look after finances. Thus, mothers usually take a greater portion of responsibility for child’s upbringing and blame in case of misconduct. A married woman explained that,

"If a girl does something, the mother is blamed for that. Even in our house, my mother-in-law talks to my mother if I argue or refuse for anything. This is the culture in my maiden home as well" (Married Woman, FGD).

Unrecognized contribution of women

Many female participants verbalized their concern for disregard they receive from their families despite contributing significantly. Women who perform major roles in maintaining the family and household chores are not recognized for their efforts. By doing cleaning, cooking and other duties, they keep family healthy and help keep costs low. One participant mentioned,

“If women don’t clean the house, it is extremely dirty. If women do not rear children, no one else would do it. We do so much for the family” (married woman, FGD).

Gender differences in daily activities

Both men and women struggle with self-expression as certain expectations from both genders hold people back from expressing their views and opinions. Men, for example, as indicated by participants, are expected to remain firm in challenging situations and not show emotions. Even for hobbies, participants shared that, parks and recreational activities are geared towards young boys and men, while girls and women are given more quiet and indoor activities. A female participant verbalized that,

“ Boys have a separate area where they play cricket and football daily but for girls like us, only indoor activities are arranged” (adolescent girl, FGD).

In places where males and females freely mix or live closely in one area, people often find themselves taking extra precautions in their actions, as to not be seen disgraceful by the community. One female participant reported,

“ Two communities are residing in our area. Events for females, such as sports day, are very rarely arranged. Even then we cannot fully enjoy because if we'll shout to cheer up other players, we would be scolded as our community is very cautious for portraying a soft image of females of our community ” (adolescent girl, FGD).

Another participant stated that,

“ After prayers, we cannot spend time with friends as people would point that girl and say that she always stays late after prayers to gossip when she is supposed to go home ” (adolescent girl, FGD).

Deprivation of women’s rights

A woman’s liberty has always struggled to be accepted and males are always favoured. Thus, women are given lower status. Participants highlighted that, in general, men are seen as superior to women. One participant stated,

“ Men are the masters of women…” (FGD married women).

On the other side, male suppress female liberty and women are unaware of their rights leaving them vulnerable to deprivation. A female participant explained,

“Women do not dominate society that's why people take away their rights from them” (married woman, FGD).

Female participants also shared that they see men as strong and dominant personalities, making them better decision makers regarding health care acquisition, family income, availing opportunities and producing offspring. One female participant verbalized,

“If there's one egg on the table and two children to be fed, it is considered that males should get it as it is believed that males need more nutrition than us” (HCP, IDI).

Another reported that,

“There is a lack of equal accessibility of health care facilities and lack of employment equality for women” (HCP, IDI).

Theme 2: perception of men regarding gender discrimination in society

Male dominance.

Inferiority and superiority are common phenomenon in Pakistan’s largely patriarchal society. This allows men to be seen as dominant, decision-maker of family and the sole bread winner. Women, however, are caught in a culture of subordination to men with little power over family and individual affairs. A female participant said,

“If we look at our society, men are dominant. They can do anything while a woman cannot, as she is afraid of the man's reactions [gussa] and aggression” (adolescent girl, FGD).

While another reported,

"In our society, husband makes his wife feel his superiority over her and would make her realize that it is him, who has all the authority and power” (married woman, FGD).

Preference for male child

There is often an extreme desire for birth of sons over daughters, which adds to the culture of gender discrimination in Pakistan. Male children are important to the family as they often serve their parents financially, once they are able. This is one of the main reasons that parents are more inclined towards birth of a male child rather than female. Consequently, education is prioritized for male children. Female participants expressed that their desire for a male child is to appease their husband’s family and reduce the pressure on her to fit in the house. According to a female participant,

“When my son was born, I was satisfied as now nobody would pressurize me. I noticed a huge difference in the behavior of my in-laws after I gave birth to my son. I felt I have an existence in their family” (married woman, FGD).

Participants highlighted that, women who have brothers are often more protected. According to a young participant,

“Brothers give us the confidence to move within the society because people think before saying anything about us” (adolescent girl, FGD).

Lack of communication among husband and wife

Married couples often lack communication and rarely discuss important matters with each other. Men often choose not to share issues with their wives as they believe they are not rational enough to understand the situation. A male participant stated,

“ Women are so sensitive to share anything. They can only reproduce and cook food inside the home” (married man, FGD).

Men are protectors

Many female participants considered men as a source of protection, as they manage finances and ensure safety of family members. They feel confident in man’s ability to contribute to their livelihoods. One participant mentioned,

“We go out when we have our father or brothers to accompany us” (Adolescent girl, FGD).

Another highlighted,

“Men are our protectors. We can only survive in the society because of them” (Married woman, FGD).

Theme 3: factors influencing gender discrimination

The role of family head.

A tight-knit family situation, difference of opinions, cultural values and generation gap can highly affect one’s view on gender. Participants highlighted the role of elders in the family who often favor their sons and male family members. Married women expressed that daughter in-laws often struggle to raise their voice or express their concerns in such family situation. One participant mentioned,

“We don’t take decisions on when to have the child or what method needs to be used for family planning. Our mothers-in-law decide and we must obey” (married woman, FGD).

The family system that often includes three generations living closely, allows traditional norms to carry forward, as opposed to a typical nuclear family. This includes attire, conduct, and relationships. One participant mentioned,

“I live with my mother-in-law. I must cover my head whenever I had to leave the house”. (Married woman, FGD).

Media influence

Media plays an important role in disseminating gender awareness. For example, advertisements of cooking oils and spices usually show young girls helping their mothers in kitchen, while men and boys are observed enjoying something else or not present. These short advertisements are impactful in perpetuating gender conduct solely for societal acceptance. One participant verbalized,

“Every household has a radio, on which different advertisements are going on. People get messages through media” (married man, FGD).

The study reveals that women are seen as sexual objects and therefore confined to their homes. Women are often judged on their physical appearance that hinders their autonomy in various aspects of life. Many women face difficulties in leaving their homes alone and require protection from men [ 3 ]. Men are, therefore, labeled as protectors while women are regarded as dependent beings who need man’s identity. The role of men inside the house is identified as authoritative, while women need approval from male because they are considered incapable of making appropriate decisions. Women are caretaker of their families and have primary responsibility of husband, children, and in-laws. However, these contributions are mostly unnoticed. These gender power differentials are so strong in households, that many women do not know their rights. Women comply with societal and cultural values that force them to become lesser beings in the society. Girls in society grow up and eventually adopt the traditional role of women [ 8 ]. Increased education and awareness level among communities can improve status of women in the Pakistani society [ 3 ].

Moreover, males have dominant role in the society [ 1 ]. Likewise, there is discrepancy in power structures between male and female in the family system that often leads to lack of communication especially between married couples as husbands do not share concerns with their wives nor ask for their advice, considering women incapable to understand anything [ 5 ].

Furthermore, a common phenomenon observed in the Pakistani society, is the strong desire for a male child, while the birth of a female child is mourned [ 5 ]. Girls are seen as a liability, while the birth of a male child is celebrated as it is believed that males will be the breadwinner of the family in the future [ 5 ]. Thus, preference for a male child leads to illegal termination of pregnancies with female fetuses in many situations [ 9 ]. In addition, some of the studies suggest that the preference for a son is significantly high in low socioeconomic areas if compared with the middle and upper ones. Men are seen as economic and social security providers of the household. Therefore, men are tagged as manhood in the society as it is considered that hierarchal familial structures are produced from them, and all powers are attributed to men. This increases the disparity of roles between men and women leading to gender discrimination [ 5 ]. Our study also reveals that media has important influence towards gender discrimination. It is commonly observed in the Pakistani TV advertisements, that household chores are mostly performed by women while men have professional roles in the society [ 6 ].

Thus, lack of female autonomy and empowerment are recognized as the major reasons of discrimination of women in our society. They do not have the means to participate in society, neither they are allowed to speak against traditions. Therefore, interventions are required to increase female autonomy and decision-making capacity. The other significant contributor to gender discrimination is male dominance, which must be brought down to empower women. To reduce this, communication is key between spouses, family members and community members. Gender discrimination has greater influence at different levels of Pakistani society. Certain schools and television advertisements portrays stereotypes, such as allowing boys to be active outdoors and forcing girls to remain indoors. Therefore, media channels and other public systems such as healthcare facilities and schooling systems must promote gender equity and equality. In terms of Sexual and Reproductive health (SRH), the health care facilities should play an important role in providing knowledge and effective treatment to both males and females. The SRH related services are often compromised for people due to lack of resources, staff, and attention. Schools and communities should play an important role in creating SRH related awareness among youth and adults that include puberty, pregnancy, and motherhood. SRH should also be made part of curriculum in educational institutes.

The use of group interviews allowed rapport development with communities. With multiple people present sharing similar views, many were inclined to give purposeful answers and recommendations regarding gender roles in communities. Based on previous literature searches, this study, to the best of our knowledge, has not been published in Pakistan at the community level. No other study explores the views of Pakistanis on gender discrimination with inclusion of multiple community groups and across multiple districts. In limitations, due to the topic’s sensitive topic, may have held back participants from answering fully and truthfully. Thus, considerable time was taken to develop trust and rapport. Therefore, it is possible that some study subjects might not have answered to the best of their ability. Furthermore, challenges were faced due to the COVID-19 pandemic and extreme weather conditions in some areas, as some participants could not reach the venue. Also, the lockdowns following the pandemic made it very difficult to gather 10–12 people at one place for the FGDs. Interviews could not be done virtually as the information was very sensitive.

Gender roles in Pakistani society are extremely complex and are transferred from generation to generation with minimal changes since ages. This study reveals some of the factors due to which women in Pakistan face gender discrimination. The cultural and societal values place women in a nurturing role in the Pakistani society. Through reinforcement of these roles by different family members, as well as by the dominant men in the society, women face adverse challenges to seek empowerment that will help them defy such repressive roles assigned to them. Gender discrimination is evident in public institutions such as healthcare facilities and schooling systems. Thus, administrative reorganization and improved awareness in the healthcare facilities, and appropriate education in schools for boys and girls will help decrease gender discrimination in the Pakistani societies.

Availability of data and materials

On request, the data will be available by hiding the IDs.

Though we have already provided the transcripts, yet there is a need of further information then kindly contact the corresponding author. Dr. Tazeen Saeed Ali: [email protected] .

Abbreviations

Aga Khan Foundation

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology

Intimate Partner Violence

Healthcare Professionals

Lady Health Visitors

Lady Health Workers

Community Midwives

In-Depth Interviews

Focus Group Discussions

Heads of the Departments

Sexual and Reproductive health

United Nations Population Fund

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the research specialist, coordinator, and research associates for data collection, and the study participants for their time and valuable data. We would also like to appreciate and thank Mr. Adil Ali Saeed for helping us with the literature for the systematic review of the paper, and Ms. Amirah Nazir and Daman Dhunna for the overall cleaning of document. We are thankful to UNFPA and AKF for providing advisory and monitoring support. We would like to acknowledgment UNFPA Pakistan that through them the funding was received from Global Affairs Canada.

Global Affairs Canada (GAC). Project No: P006434; Arrangement #: 7414620.

Role of the funder: This is to declare that there was no role of the funding agency for planning and implementation of this study.

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Tazeen Saeed Ali & Shahnaz Shahid Ali

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Tazeen Saeed Ali

Aga Khan Health Services, Karachi, Pakistan

Sanober Nadeem & Falak Madhani

Center of Excellence Women & Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

Zahid Memon, Sajid Soofi & Shah Mohammad

Aga Khan Rural Service Pakistan, Gilgit, Pakistan

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Institute for Global Health, Karachi, Pakistan

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Contributions

All authors have read and approved the manuscript. Their contribution is as follows: TSA contributed to proposal development, interview guide development, ERC approval, data supervision, data validation, systematic review, data analysis, manuscript development, and overall supervision. SSA assisted in proposal development, data collection supervision, data validation, systematic review, data analysis, and reviewed manuscript. SN, contributed in -literature Review, analysis of literature review and write up of findings. ZM reviewed interview guides, assisted in ERC approval, filed preparation for data collection, assisted in data validation and enhancing the approval processing, reviewed data analysis, and the final manuscript. SSA, contributed to proposal development, assisted in ERC approval, overall supervision, filed preparation for data collection and training of data collectors, assisted in data validation and enhancing the approval process and review of final manuscript. FM contributed to the interview guide development, facilitated field data collection, and contributed to the validation and analysis processes. Reviewed the final manuscript before submission. YK contributed to the interview guide development, facilitated field data collection, and contributed to the validation and analysis processes. Reviewed the final manuscript before submission. SM, contributed to proposal development, field preparation for data collection, validation, and review of the final manuscript. ZB, contributed to proposal development, brought the funding, assisted in ERC approval, overall supervision, data validation and enhancing the approval process and reviewed the final manuscript. He provided overall mentorship.

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Correspondence to Tazeen Saeed Ali .

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate.

The ERC approval was taken from the Aga Khan University Ethics Review Committee for primary data collection. The ERC number is 2020-3606-11489. The written informed consent was taken from all the participants. For those who were younger than 18 years of age were given written assent, and their parent, or guardian verbally consented.

We declare that this is original research and all the authors have contributed to the proposal writing, funding management, data collection, analysis, and manuscript development.

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Ali, T.S., Ali, S.S., Nadeem, S. et al. Perpetuation of gender discrimination in Pakistani society: results from a scoping review and qualitative study conducted in three provinces of Pakistan. BMC Women's Health 22 , 540 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-022-02011-6

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-022-02011-6

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Today's Paper | May 18, 2024

Non-fiction: translating 'feminism' in urdu.

I was extremely excited when I heard that a book on feminism and feminist studies has finally been published in Urdu. Since the last five years, the word ‘feminism’ has very much become part of the everyday conversation and dialogue in Pakistan. This is basically because of the much-discussed, much-talked-about and much-criticised event known as ‘Aurat March’, which was initiated by a group of feminists in Karachi in 2018.

However, when I held the book in my hands and read the title — Aurat, Justujoo Aur Nisai Andaaz-i-Fikr [Woman, Struggle and the Female Style of Thinking] — I was, to be honest, taken aback. Was the book going to be about feminism, or about femininity? How does the word ‘feminism’ translate into the Urdu language? Will the book be able to explain feminist ideology to the reader and how the two concepts and ideas differ?

Even though many women — especially young women — are coming towards feminist ideas, not many are clear about what feminism actually stands for. There is much false propaganda against feminism and this is reinforced by fundamentalist groups and certain elements of the media that see women’s liberation and emancipation as a threat.

There is not enough awareness about feminism in Pakistan; the little that people do know about it is very biased and seen from the lens of a patriarchal society, therefore it is very essential and creditable that a book on feminism in Urdu is now available. This makes this book very welcome and one must congratulate the publishers, the printer and the editor. Readers owe a great debt to the book’s publishers — the Centre of Excellence for Women’s Studies (CEWS) at the University of Karachi (UoK) and the Anjuman Tarraqqee-i-Niswan — and Karachi Studies Society, which has served as consultant. It is wonderful that they have deemed it fit to publish a book in Urdu on feminism.

From the point of view of the contents, the book is interesting. Nasreen Aslam Shah, head of the department at CEWS, has compiled 10 papers written by herself, her faculty and her former students. There is much to inform readers about the history of the women’s movement in these essays.

A compilation of essays on feminism in Urdu is a welcome development, but could have been better thought through

There is no doubt that critical assumptions, historical circumstances and ideologies generally have been hostile towards women’s movements and there are not enough works to read about women’s contribution towards the development of societies. Shah’s book is an attempt to make available for Urdu-language readers a group of works that together bring various thoughts and approaches to feminist ideology and create a narrative on patriarchy and its contested margins.

The debates, on what constitutes ‘women’s work’ and what are women’s roles, have had to change over the years. As feminists, we do need to question words such as “izzat” [honour] and “zyadti” [excess] when it is used for the English word ‘rape’. Detailed feminist scholarship will offer new interpretations, new words, new vocabulary, new narratives, new norms and practices.

These are the kind of questions that must be raised in books on feminism. The women’s texts in this book document the many-faceted and often-challenged arguments within the women’s movement as crucial to an understanding of the feminist movement and the resistances it encounters and engenders.

In the preface, written by Shah, we are informed that, in 1989, Women’s Studies Centres were set up in five public universities of Pakistan, in the cities of Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad, Quetta and Peshawar. The library of the CEWS at the UoK holds many books on women’s studies, but since almost all of these are in English, it became imperative that a book on feminism in Urdu should be considered. Thus, the present volume emerged.

During the reading of the preface, the Urdu word “hawala” [reference] occurs repeatedly and I was dismayed to find that it has been used at least 15 times in the three-and-half pages of the preface. It is certainly not a word of literary value, and the constant repetition smacks of poor proofreading.

March 8 is the International Women’s Day and it gets mentioned as a rallying point for activities on women’s issues, but its significance, history or background is not explained. Since the book has been written keeping students and academic scholarship in mind, one feels more consideration should have been given to explaining how and why this particular day is celebrated around the world.

The first paper is by Dr Seema Manzoor, assistant professor at CEWS, UoK, and titled ‘Nisai Tehreek Ki Taareef-o-Adabi Tajziya’ [History of the Women’s Movement and Literary Analysis]. She chooses to begin with what I consider a cliché couplet by Allama Muhammad Iqbal:

“Vajood-i-zan se hai tasveer-i-kainaat main rang Issi ke saaz se hai zindagi ka soaz-i-daroon”

I would roughly translate this into English as: The image that this world presents derives its colours from woman/ She is the lyre that imparts pathos and warmth to the human heart.

One can question how appropriate this couplet is to begin a book on feminism. One would argue that the concept of woman as decorative goes against the very basis of feminism. Surely, the attributes of womanhood are more than softness, sweetness and love. However, Manzoor does give references and quotes from early feminists such as Mary Wollstonecraft as well as contemporary feminists such as Judith Evans. She argues that feminism helps women develop self-confidence, assert their independence and end discrimination. She concludes that, for women to become self-reliant and independent, it is essential that all subjects need to be rectified and gender and class discrimination must end; only then can an equal society be formed.

Dua Rehma, lecturer at CEWS, writes on the different phases of the women’s movement internationally and the ‘four waves’ of feminism. It is an informative essay and gives the reader data and names of international feminists who struggled as suffragettes for the vote, Black women who fought against slavery, the equal rights movements, Simone de Beauvoir, Betty Friedan and Germaine Greer. There is also mention of the #MeToo movement.

Dr Shagufta Nasreen, assistant professor at CEWS, takes on a slightly more analytical approach as the title of her paper itself conveys — ‘Nisaiyat: Makaatib-i-Fikr’ [Feminism: Schools of Thought] — and describes the different approaches towards feminism as well as explaining the differing ideologies of liberal feminists, Marxist feminists and radical feminists.

An attempt to explain the difference between sex and gender and how to resolve this confusion is taken up in the essay by teaching associate Dr Shazia Sharafat. This is followed by assistant professor Dr Asma Manzoor’s paper on the history of the women’s movement in the Subcontinent. Other contributors include teaching associates Dr Shagufta Jahangir and Dr Rukhsana Siddiqui and assistant professor Dr Alia Ali. In the final essay, Shah concludes with the need and importance of feminism and for feminist research with a holistic approach.

A problematic aspect of the book is that it seems the papers have simply been compiled, rather than planned as a collection, and this leads to a lot of repetition of the same material or information, which is irksome.

I was also saddened to find that the Aurat March — a turning point and one of the most important landmarks for the women’s movement in Pakistan — is not mentioned in any of the papers, even though the book was published in May 2021, while the Aurat March began in Karachi in 2018. This event has shaken up the very structures of patriarchy in Pakistan and brought issues of the women’s movement into mainstream public debate, redefining sexual mores in a changing contemporary society.

In patriarchal ideology throughout the years, women have been depicted as stereotyped — they have not been accepted as researchers and it has mostly been men who have undertaken research studies. Male sexism has judged and decided women’s roles as researchers or writers. Therefore, a ‘feminist culture’ has not been allowed to develop. Tasks have to be assigned, themes located, areas of debate defined and feminist criticism and ideology has to be authoritatively established.

Once we have a better understanding of feminism, we can develop a theoretical and political critique of our patriarchal society, unpack the oppression of women and ensure their full citizenship in society.

Although there are far too many typing errors and proofreading faults running throughout the book — a sad situation, because one certainly expects a level of quality from a university publication — one hopes Aurat, Justujoo Aur Nisai Andaaz-i-Fikr will be the seed for further books on feminism in Urdu in the near future, so that feminist scholarship in Pakistan can develop further into an institution of humanistic discipline.

The reviewer is a performing artist and cultural activist. She tweets @tehrikeniswan

Aurat, Justujoo Aur Nisai Andaaz-i-Fikr Compiled and edited by Nasreen Aslam Shah Centre of Excellence for Women’s Studies, University of Karachi ISBN: 978-9699453113 252pp.

Published in Dawn, Books & Authors, November 28th, 2021

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Urdu Feminist Writing: New Approaches

This issue of WWB is concerned with exploring new approaches to Urdu feminist writing. The field of Urdu writing generally, and Urdu feminist writing particularly, is so woefully unknown in English that our most urgent task is to bring attention to extremely important but underrecognized writers. There is simply so much to read and translate that has not been looked at that a certain thematic incoherence is inevitable and perhaps even generative. What is revealed in this collection is true of Urdu feminist writing in general: that it has as many different faces, tones, concerns, and aesthetics as there are ways women have learned to hold one another up.

A dispiriting narrowness has defined canons of Urdu feminist writing from previous decades. These have often been explicitly and narrowly concerned with politically committed writers who were associated with the Progressive Writers Association. Such celebrated writers as Fahmida Riaz, Kishwer Naheed, Ismat Chugtai, and Quratulain Hyder are now synonymous with Urdu feminist writing. However, what constituted “politics” for these writers was often defined rather parsimoniously and keyed to the very specific and deeply felt urgencies of their time. Similarly, questions of what fell under the rubric of gender and sexuality in previous collections of Urdu feminist writing were also broached in particular ways. We admire these contributions but also feel strongly that there are many other styles, subjects, and indeed types of politics in Urdu feminist writing that have never been highlighted before. Furthermore, feminist and progressive political organizing has changed substantially since the eighties and nineties; contemporary movements like Girls at Dhabas, Aurat March, and Women Democratic Front have brought new issues and approaches into the fold of feminist politics and aesthetics in Pakistan. This issue is an attempt to move beyond the established canon and look at less recognized writers and forms of political aesthetic.

Our initial framing of this issue was as a response to Rukhsana Ahmad’s important 1991 anthology of Urdu feminist poets, We Sinful Women . This is perhaps the best-known attempt at creating a canon for Urdu feminist writers in English. Ahmad is clear about her selection criteria: she pairs “feminist struggle” with “political content” and the “progressive tradition,” and considers “a strong commitment to political action” as her primary criterion. This led to the exclusion of significant writers like Parveen Shakir (included in this issue). Ahmad calls Shakir’s work “apolitical, sentimental, and conformist,” even, at times, “antifeminist.” This understanding of “politics” and “feminism” does not account for the breadth and complexity of feminist literature in Urdu. It feels rather narrow to us now, and our work here is to expand what we understand as feminist writing while also including important writers left out of feminist anthologies because of their sentimentality, experimentation, or seemingly “apolitical” stance.

However, it is important to note that our goal is not to create a new, rival “canon,” but to open up approaches to Urdu feminist writing that will celebrate multiple, noncanonical perspectives. We conceive of this issue as a provisional space for gathering different strains of feminist writing that allow us to engage with the radical instability of categories like “Urdu feminist writing” even as we continue to gain from this writing feminist lessons and weapons for our time.

Rukhsana Ahmad’s constitution of what mattered, what counted, and what must be discounted, discarded, and discontinued from “feminism” obeyed injunctions that flowed from colonial ideas about the temporalities of history, or the facets through which gendering politics must be performed. In its framing, We Sinful Women links feminist struggle to “action” such that “inaction” and “inactivity” become feminism’s “others.” It is against these “others” that the anthology imagines itself and legitimizes itself: these fragile others have been unable to “move up” or “assimilate into” some kind of active principle that has already been naturalized as a legitimate way of doing feminism. An imperialist active/inactive or political/apolitical binary remains intact in Ahmad’s anthology.

We Sinful Women, we find, also periodizes history along a straight line, in a developmentalist mode, with progress staged as a necessary transition from the “traditional” to the “modern”: poets writing in a romantic, religious/sufi idiom, or those formally working within the ghazal, are marked as “traditional.” These “inactive” subjects are locked within premodernity—locked within tradition—unable to move into modernity. Tradition becomes cognate with sentimentality, romance, or religion, antithetical to reason, politics, or action.

Another charge leveled by Ahmad is that some works by Urdu women writers are too “feminine” and therefore “not feminist enough”—such language introduces a split between femininity and feminism, placing them in opposition to one another. Such a conceptualization of femininity recodes masculine values, which are always already defined as such within genres of masculinity that are encoded as active or passive in morally driven colonial critiques of South Asia, and recodes action-oriented modes of doing politics, with activity and action as privileged principles or as teleological goods in line with the work of modernity. Nothing else will do. Recall that the Orient, too, was feminized.

Our attempts to include romantic writers, “traditional” poets, surrealist writers, contemporary poets, and Sufi poets, translated and retranslated by feminist and queer writers and poets of our own time, are partly an effort to collapse the colonial and patriarchal binaries described above.

Sascha Akhtar’s translation of the oldest and perhaps most formally experimental text included in this issue, Hijab Imtiaz Ali’s “ A New Year For Everyone ,” blends genres like memoir and belles-lettres as well as literary traditions as diverse as Persian and British to create something entirely new. Adeeba Shahid Talukder’s sensitive and masterful translation of Parveen Shakir’s poetry makes a home for traditional symbols of Urdu poetry like veils and fireflies in the rhymes and rhythms of English. Yasmeen Hameed’s poem , translated by Mehr Farooqi, offers an important update and gives us a better sense of current feminist poetry in Urdu. Anjuli Raza Kolb’s translation of Sara Shagufta’s poem introduces us to one of the most original and overlooked poets of the Urdu language whose styles and symbols are incomparable to those of any other poet of her generation or before. And Khalida Hussain’s story “Enemy” blurs the boundaries of human and animal, living and dead, in this translation by Haider Shahbaz that emphasizes her characteristic style of narrating hallucinations and body dysmorphia.

Geeta Patel’s brilliant (re)translations of Miraji’s translations of Sappho are an intimate lesson in the movement of lyric and gender, creating moments of queerness in the Urdu language in radical, decolonial ways. The work of Miraji is particularly important to discuss. As Patel’s pioneering scholarship has shown, Miraji writes outside gender, folds the poet’s voice into others, including those of women, writes as a desiring woman, toys with lineages, and turns the idea of what is political on its proverbial head. Miraji marshalls gender and sexuality in his work without necessarily marking them as such—while at the same time being really attuned to the nuances of denigration and dismissal gendered subjects and authors faced. Therefore, it is important for us, as critics and translators, to pay attention to the Sufiana idiom of the work, where zaat, jism, and ruh play out reconfigurations of selfhood.

Importantly, the necessary but always irreducible work of translation orients us toward new idioms within the work itself. We hope that this issue—admittedly, a partial, scattered selection—may allow us to move beyond the exclusionary definitions of Urdu feminist writing that the work of the writers here unmakes.

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Title: Gender, Sexuality and Feminism in Pakistani Urdu Writing

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HATE, BIGOTRY, AND DISCRIMINATION AGAINST MUSLIMS: Urdu During the Hindutva Rule

2020, Routledge

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Gender Discrimination in Pakistan Essay

Table of Contents

“Gender Discrimination in Pakistan Essay” Gender discrimination is the idea that men and women are not equal. It is a universal as well as a dichotomous idea. Ones that have less economic power are considered more. Discrimination root is when your boss treats you in an inferior way as compared to other fellows. Discrimination is there all around the world. We can easily avoid this by taking action, and keeping records, education is the best tool. Raise your voice to your right.

Gender Discrimination in Pakistan Essay

Gender discrimination at the workplace in pakistan.

In Pakistan, man is the dominant relation. Women in this world are considered inferior to men. Gender discrimination is inhibiting women’s skills and their ability to do work is also decreased. Women have lesser opportunities as compared to men. The lack of legal rights, public services, and resources is making women helpless. The gender gap in workplaces is more than in any other department. In Pakistan, women of all ages are bearing such problems and are given as unpaid housewives. The harassment is increasing at workplaces too due to the inferiority of women. In old age, social protection was linked to the male member and it remains a doubtful and delicate matter, this creates a disruption of families. Women are working unpaid and in 2008, there was a high percentage of women who are working unpaid. About 22.9 percent of women are working in the agriculture area with no salary. Only about 12.9 percent of women are paid. Many females are facing discrimination at the workplace in the areas of economic empowerment and they are unable to cross the barriers. Women in Pakistan cannot even stand side by side with men in offices and companies. The only respectable job is teaching for women and nowadays even this profession is not good for women due to environmental effects. Women who have the courage to do office work and business is pissed off not to do things like this, they are abused. Further, read more about Gender Inequality in Pakistan Essay below.

Gender Discrimination in Our Society Essay

In the Islamic Republic law, the government has given all rights to women too. If a man gets a job his problems are solved but when women get a job their problems can be multiplied. Gender discrimination means biases with gender; this is called inequality to deal with both genders. In the past women were confined to their homes only and were considered child-producing machines, but now in this Era, women have raised their voices for their rights. According to surveys, females are working at low salaries as compared to men. Gender discrimination is an actual social problem and people are trying to solve it. Socially men are superior. In Asia, gender discrimination is a tradition. Due to gender discrimination, women have gone into depression. Baby girl is considered as a bad omen in our society gender discrimination starts from the very first day of life. Many societies like the Rights of Child (CRC) and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination (CEDAW) are working on the rights of women.

Gender Inequality in Education in Pakistan:

‘The roots of education are bitter but the fruit is sweet.

Education is considered the tool from which women can win and can have the best role in society. In the past decades, women were considered to be at home only. They were restricted from going to primary school too. They were married at early ages and were illiterate. Now Malala Yusafzai is making efforts for the education of women and she is doing well for Pakistani women. She also receives threats when she talks about the education of women. Our Prophet (S.AW) also makes education an important part of the system. Despite the Quran word IQRA, gender discrimination in society is at its peak. People don’t even follow Quran. There are many reasons why women are not part of education and these are early marriages and pregnancy, social attitudes, violence, and abuse. Madam Curie the greatest scientist, Parveen Shakir the great poetess, and Benazir Bhutto have set examples for women. Educating women is the best tool to eliminate poverty.

This is all about the Gender Discrimination in Pakistan Essay so if you want to know something else regarding this topic then comment us.

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Translation of discrimination – English–Urdu dictionary

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discrimination noun [U] ( DIFFERENT TREATMENT )

AIDS victims often experience social ostracism and discrimination.
There should be no discrimination on the grounds of colour .
She believes the research understates the amount of discrimination women suffer .
She will be remembered as an unrelenting opponent of racial discrimination.
The law has done little to prevent racial discrimination and inequality .

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Gender Discrimination Essay

500 words gender discrimination essay.

Gender discrimination is when there are unfair rights between male and female. It differs because of their gender roles which ultimately leads to unequal treatment in life. Gender discrimination has been around for many centuries. However, as we are evolving, it is time to do away with such notions of gender roles. Thus, gender discrimination essay will take us through it in detail.

Causes of Gender Discrimination

There are many causes of gender discrimination. The first one has to be illiteracy . When people do not educate themselves, they continue to live in the old times. Thus, they follow the old-age sexist traditions and norms.

Education can bring about a change in this mindset because educated people will less likely partake in gender discrimination. Further, poverty is also another reason which is interlinked in a way.

It is the root cause in many places because the economic dependence remains on the male counterparts mostly. Thus, women suffer a lot from it because of the same reason. They never get out of this and stay financially dependent on men.

Furthermore, the patriarchal setup in our society plays a big role. In this setup, the male dominates almost every aspect of life. Thus, they consider themselves to be superior to others.

This way, a lot of violence and injustice is meted out against females. Thus, when there is a gender considering themselves to be superior, it becomes difficult for everyone to avail equal opportunities.

Impact of Gender Discrimination

Gender discrimination has a deep impact on society as a whole. It does not just impact a specific section of the society but every part of it. First of all, it impacts children as they fall prey to gender stereotypes from a young age.

Further, it impacts young people because it impacts their behaviour, study choices, ambitions, attitudes and more. Thus, many girls do not participate in many sports and women experience physical violence more than men.

Next up, we have gender discrimination affecting adults because there is a gender pay gap between the working class. Men earn more for doing the same work as women. In addition, older women have more risk of becoming homeless than men.

It also impacts the aboriginal women because they have it a lot worse. It is more likely to happen that they can die from family violence, 11 times more than men. Even for men, it is not beneficial as it sets difficult standards for men to follow.

It draws a line on men being emotional. Thus, they can never showcase their emotions truly without being judged. Similarly, men do not parental leave in many places. Ultimately, all this results in more suicide in men. Thus, it impacts everyone.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Conclusion of Gender Discrimination Essay

Gender discrimination must be checked at every stage so that no person should be denied a chance to learn and grow. Thus, everyone, no matter male or female, must get a start in life in terms of educations and other opportunities. We must come together as a society to do this.

FAQ on Gender Discrimination Essay

Question 1: Who is affected by gender inequality?

Answer 1: Gender inequality affects everyone, which includes men as well. Stereotypes about how women and men, girls and boys should be, start from their childhood and follow us to adulthood. Thus, it does not affect just one but all.

Question 2: Give an example of gender discrimination.

Answer 2: There are many examples of gender discrimination. For instance, restriction on clothing. If a man wears shorts, no one will bat an eye. However, if a woman wears shorts, she will be seen in a bad light and be called names. Similar is the case for housework.

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Urdu Essays List 3

Essay on discipline in urdu, essay on city life in urdu, essay on good citizen in urdu, essay on doctor profession in urdu, essay on co-education in urdu, essay on zindagi in urdu, essay on juma in urdu, essay on first aid in urdu, essay on doctor in urdu, mera yadgar safar essay in urdu, essay on fashion in urdu, essay on water pollution in urdu, essay on my family in urdu, essay on women’s rights in urdu, essay on vegetables in urdu, essay on democracy in urdu, essay on uswa hasana in urdu, essay on father in urdu, essay on four seasons in urdu, dehati zindagi essay in urdu, تغیر کے موضوع پر ایک مضمون, اولمپک کھیل پر مختصر نوٹ, “چوری ایک بری عادت ہے” مضمون, عورتوں کی حالت پر ایک مختصر مضمون, benefits of knowledge urdu | تعلیم کے فوائد پر ایک مضمون, عمل سے زندگی بنتی ہے جنت بھی جہنم بھی مضمون, ہمت مرداں مدد خدا مضمون, علم روشنی ہے مضمون, sohanjana plant benefits in urdu | سوہانجنا کے فوائد, essay on sword in urdu | تلوار پر مضمون, essay on badshahi mosque in urdu, essay on anti corruption in urdu, essay on fateh makkah in urdu, essay on ramzan in urdu, essay on police in urdu, meri pasandeeda kitab mazmoon , essay on subah ki sair in urdu, essay on seerat-e-nabvi in urdu, essay on childhood in urdu, essay on tree plantation in urdu, how to become a successful person essay in urdu, essay on bijli in urdu, essay on cleanliness in urdu, essay on bulb in urdu, essay on indian army in urdu, essay on beauty of j&k in urdu, essay on qur’an in urdu, essay on patriotism in urdu, essay on parents in urdu, essay on drugs in urdu, essay on badminton in urdu, meri maa essay in urdu, my father my hero essay in urdu, essay on eidain in urdu, essay on election in urdu, essay on eid milad un nabi in urdu, essay on agriculture in pakistan in urdu, essay on electricity in urdu, essay on hajj in urdu, essay on alodgi in urdu, essay on qutub minar in urdu, essay on quran in urdu, aab e zam zam essay in urdu, my hobby essay in urdu, kitab insan ki behtreen dost hai essay, lalach buri bala hai essay in urdu, mobile phone essay in urdu, dehshat gardi essay in urdu, urdu essay allah ki naimat, ajaib ghar essay in urdu, tandrusti hazar naimat hai | تندرستی ہزار نعمت ہے, minar e pakistan essay in urdu | مینار پاکستان پر مضمون, national river of pakistan in urdu | پاکستان کا قومی دریا, qaumi parchan mazmoon | پاکستان کا قومی پرچم, جوانی زندگی کا بہترین وقت مضمون, essay on shahadat in urdu, waqia karbala in urdu, essay on shaheed in urdu, pollution essay in urdu, qaumi ittehad essay in urdu, hubul watni mazmoon in urdu, benefits of banana in urdu, great wall of china history in urdu, essay on ramzan ki barkatain in urdu, role of media essay in urdu, role of media in pakistan in urdu, taleem essay in urdu, benefits of strawberry in urdu, benefits of pomegranate in urdu, essay on lahore in urdu, essay on karachi in urdu, barsat ka mausam essay in urdu, adab e zindagi essay in urdu, superstition essay in urdu, short essay on population problem in india, berozgari essay in urdu, media ki azadi essay in urdu, how to achieve world peace essay, masla e kashmir essay in urdu, mera school essay in urdu, essay on jahez in urdu, essay on school uniform in urdu, essay on forest in urdu, what is global warming in urdu, causes of global warming in urdu, کامیابی کے اصول, ٹک ٹاک ایپلیکیشن کی حقیقت, khush ikhlaqi essay in urdu, essay on insaaf in urdu, essay on respect of teacher in urdu, essay on insaniyat in urdu, essay on zil hajj in urdu, akhbar bini essay in urdu, language of jammu and kashmir, essay on dengue in urdu, ilm e deen ki ahmiyat essay, غزوۂ بدر پر مضمون, اگر میں وزیر تعلیم ہوتا, میری پسندیدہ شخصیت حضرت محمد ﷺ, اسلام زندہ ہوتا ہے ہر کربلا کے بعد مضمون, عزم کامرانی کی کنجی ہے, انسداد گداگری مضمون, کرونا وائرس اور ہماری ذمہ داریاں, ماں پر مضمون.

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Discriminatory, urdu words for discriminatory, dɪˈskrɪm.ɪ.nə.tər.i, discriminatory के उर्दू अर्थ, discriminatory کے اردو معانی, tags for discriminatory.

English meaning of discriminatory , discriminatory meaning in english, discriminatory translation and definition in English. discriminatory का मतलब (मीनिंग) अंग्रेजी (इंग्लिश) में जाने | Khair meaning in hindi

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Essays About Discrimination: Top 5 Examples and 8 Prompts

You must know how to connect with your readers to write essays about discrimination effectively; read on for our top essay examples, including prompts that will help you write.

Discrimination comes in many forms and still happens to many individuals or groups today. It occurs when there’s a distinction or bias against someone because of their age, race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or disability.

Discrimination can happen to anyone wherever and whenever they are. Unfortunately, it’s a problem that society is yet to solve entirely. Here are five in-depth examples of this theme’s subcategories to guide you in creating your essays about discrimination.

1. Essay On Discrimination For Students In Easy Words by Prateek

2. personal discrimination experience by naomi nakatani, 3. prejudice and discrimination by william anderson, 4. socioeconomic class discrimination in luca by krystal ibarra, 5. the new way of discrimination by writer bill, 1. my discrimination experience, 2. what can i do to stop discrimination, 3. discrimination in my community, 4. the cost of discrimination, 5. examples of discrimination, 6. discrimination in sports: segregating men and women, 7. how to stop my discrimination against others, 8. what should groups do to fight discrimination.

“In the current education system, the condition of education and its promotion of equality is very important. The education system should be a good place for each and every student. It must be on the basis of equal opportunities for each student in every country. It must be free of discrimination.”

Prateek starts his essay by telling the story of a student having difficulty getting admitted to a college because of high fees. He then poses the question of how the student will be able to get an education when he can’t have the opportunity to do so in the first place. He goes on to discuss UNESCO’s objectives against discrimination.

Further in the essay, the author defines discrimination and cites instances when it happens. Prateek also compares past and present discrimination, ending the piece by saying it should stop and everyone deserves to be treated fairly.

“I thought that there is no discrimination before I actually had discrimination… I think we must treat everyone equally even though people speak different languages or have different colors of skin.”

In her short essay, Nakatani shares the experiences that made her feel discriminated against when she visited the US. She includes a fellow guest saying she and her mother can’t use the shared pool in a hotel they stay in because they are Japanese and getting cheated of her money when she bought from a small shop because she can’t speak English very well.

“Whether intentional or not, prejudice and discrimination ensure the continuance of inequality in the United States. Even subconsciously, we are furthering inequality through our actions and reactions to others… Because these forces are universally present in our daily lives, the way we use them or reject them will determine how they affect us.”

Anderson explains the direct relationship between prejudice and discrimination. He also gives examples of these occurrences in the past (blacks and whites segregation) and modern times (sexism, racism, etc.)

He delves into society’s fault for playing the “blame game” and choosing to ignore each other’s perspectives, leading to stereotypes. He also talks about affirmative action committees that serve to protect minorities.

“Something important to point out is that there is prejudice when it comes to people of lower class or economic standing, there are stereotypes that label them as untrustworthy, lazy, and even dangerous. This thought is fed by the just-world phenomenon, that of low economic status are uneducated, lazy, and are more likely to be substance abusers, and thus get what they deserve.”

Ibarra recounts how she discovered Pixar’s Luca and shares what she thought of the animation, focusing on how the film encapsulates socioeconomic discrimination in its settings. She then discusses the characters and their relationships with the protagonist. Finally, Ibarra notes how the movie alluded to flawed characters, such as having a smaller boat, mismatched or recycled kitchen furniture, and no shoes.

The other cast even taunts Luca, saying he smells and gets his clothes from a dead person. These are typical things marginalized communities experience in real life. At the end of her essay, Ibarra points out how society is dogmatic against the lower class, thinking they are abusers. In Luca, the wealthy antagonist is shown to be violent and lazy.

“Even though the problem of discrimination has calmed down, it still happens… From these past experiences, we can realize that solutions to tough problems come in tough ways.”

The author introduces people who called out discrimination, such as Mahatma Gandhi, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and Barbara Henry – the only teacher who decided to teach Ruby Bridges, despite her skin color.

He then moves on to mention the variations of present-day discrimination. He uses Donald Trump and the border he wants to build to keep the Hispanics out as an example. Finally, Bill ends the essay by telling the readers those who discriminate against others are bullies who want to get a reaction out of their victims.

Do you get intimidated when you need to write an essay? Don’t be! If writing an essay makes you nervous, do it step by step. To start, write a simple 5 paragraph essay .

Prompts on Essays About Discrimination

Below are writing prompts that can inspire you on what to focus on when writing your discrimination essay:

Essays About Discrimination: My discrimination experience

Have you had to go through an aggressor who disliked you because you’re you? Write an essay about this incident, how it happened, what you felt during the episode, and what you did afterward. You can also include how it affected the way you interact with people. For example, did you try to tone down a part of yourself or change how you speak to avoid conflict?

List ways on how you can participate in lessening incidents of discrimination. Your list can include calling out biases, reporting to proper authorities, or spreading awareness of what discrimination is.

Is there an ongoing prejudice you observe in your school, subdivision, etc.? If other people in your community go through this unjust treatment, you can interview them and incorporate their thoughts on the matter.

Tackle what victims of discrimination have to go through daily. You can also talk about how it affected their life in the long run, such as having low self-esteem that limited their potential and opportunities and being frightened of getting involved with other individuals who may be bigots.

For this prompt, you can choose a subtopic to zero in on, like Workplace Discrimination, Disability Discrimination, and others. Then, add sample situations to demonstrate the unfairness better.

What are your thoughts on the different game rules for men and women? Do you believe these rules are just? Cite news incidents to make your essay more credible. For example, you can mention the incident where the Norwegian women’s beach handball team got fined for wearing tops and shorts instead of bikinis.

Since we learn to discriminate because of the society we grew up in, it’s only normal to be biased unintentionally. When you catch yourself having these partialities, what do you do? How do you train yourself not to discriminate against others?

Focus on an area of discrimination and suggest methods to lessen its instances. To give you an idea, you can concentrate on Workplace Discrimination, starting from its hiring process. You can propose that applicants are chosen based on their skills, so the company can implement a hiring procedure where applicants should go through written tests first before personal interviews.

If you instead want to focus on topics that include people from all walks of life, talk about diversity. Here’s an excellent guide on how to write an essay about diversity .

Maria Caballero is a freelance writer who has been writing since high school. She believes that to be a writer doesn't only refer to excellent syntax and semantics but also knowing how to weave words together to communicate to any reader effectively.

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Technology Essay

کیا آپ نے کبھی سوچا ہے کہ ٹیکنالوجی کے بغیر آپ کی زندگی کیسی ہوگی؟ نہیں، پھر آپ کو اس کے بارے میں سوچنا ہوگا۔ موبائل فون سے سیٹلائٹ تک، پرسنل کمپیوٹر سے لے کر سپر کمپیوٹر تک، دوستوں سے لے کر باس تک، اور پیدائش سے موت تک، ٹیکنالوجی ہماری زندگی کے ایک ایک ذرے کو جوڑنے اور اسے آسان بنانے میں اہم کردار ادا کرتی ہے۔ تو آئیے دیکھتے ہیں کہ ٹیکنالوجی ایک عالمی طاقت کے طور پر کیسے بنی نوع انسان کی ترقی کو کم کرتی ہے۔

Table of Contents

اردو میں ٹیکنالوجی پر مختصر اور طویل مضامین

مضمون 1 (250 الفاظ) – ٹیکنالوجی کا کردار.

“ٹیکنالوجی” – مواد، سائنس، فطرت کے ڈیزائن کے تکنیکی پہلوؤں کا مطالعہ تاکہ ہماری زندگیوں کو آسان بنایا جا سکے اور ساتھ ہی ہماری کارکردگی کو بڑھانے کے لیے مکینیکل، برقی، حیاتیاتی اور معلوماتی نظام کا اطلاق۔ ٹکنالوجی کی ایک تاریخ ہے جو کہ نوولتھک دور سے پہلے کی ہے۔ نئے پادری دور یا اس سے پہلے کے لوگ اپنی صلاحیتوں، وسائل اور ترقی یافتہ تکنیکوں کو اپنے بہترین استعمال کے لیے استعمال کرتے ہیں۔ تب سے، ٹیکنالوجی نے انسانوں کی زندگی میں بہت ترقی کی ہے۔

ٹیکنالوجی کا کردار

یہ ٹیکنالوجی پہلی بار بڑے پیمانے پر 18ویں صدی میں صنعتی انقلاب کے آغاز میں استعمال کی گئی تھی، جہاں انسانی ہاتھوں کی جگہ مشینی اوزاروں نے لے لی تھی۔ اس کے بعد بہت سے محققین، سائنسدانوں اور انجینئروں نے ٹیکنالوجی کو انسانوں کے قریب لانے کی کوشش کی ہے۔ انسان اور ٹیکنالوجی کے اس رشتے نے ہماری زندگیوں کو ٹیکنالوجی پر زیادہ انحصار اور کیک کی طرح آسان بنا دیا ہے۔

ٹیکنالوجی چھوٹے سے بڑے پیمانے پر ہماری روزمرہ کی زندگی میں داخل ہو چکی ہے۔ ہم ٹیکنالوجی کے بغیر اپنی زندگی کا تصور نہیں کر سکتے۔ ٹیکنالوجی کے نفاذ نے ہمارے لیے کئی نوری سالوں کے فاصلے پر واقع دوسرے سیاروں کو بھی دیکھنا ممکن بنا دیا ہے۔

ٹیکنالوجی نے ہماری معیشت کو بھی آگے بڑھایا ہے۔ لوگ اپنی خواہش کے مطابق اپنے دوستوں، رشتہ داروں، قریبی اور دور کے لوگوں سے آسانی سے رابطہ کر سکتے ہیں۔ ٹیکنالوجی اس سیارے کا 360 ڈگری سسٹم بن چکی ہے۔ خواہ وہ خریداری ہو، آٹومیشن، آئی ٹی، میڈیکل، اسپیس، تعلیم، کمیونیکیشن وغیرہ۔ کسی کے لیے بھی، آپ آسانی سے ان سب میں ٹیکنالوجی کی موجودگی کا پتہ لگا سکتے ہیں۔

مختصراً، ‘ٹیکنالوجی ہمارے نئے ڈیجیٹل دور کی لائف لائن ہے’۔ دن بہ دن ٹیکنالوجی کی وسعت ہمیں مزید دھکیل رہی ہے۔ ٹیکنالوجی کو نئی ایجادات، نقطہ نظر، تحقیقی تکنیک کی شکل میں ریڑھ کی ہڈی کے طور پر استعمال کیا جا رہا ہے۔

مضمون 2 (400 الفاظ) – ٹیکنالوجی: COVID-19 میں گیم چینجر کے طور پر

سال 2019، جب یہ اپنے آخری مرحلے پر تھا، دنیا نے نئے ‘کورونا وائرس’ کو دیکھا۔ جمہوریہ چین کے لوگوں میں نوول کورونا وائرس کا پہلا کیس رپورٹ ہوا۔ کوئی نہیں جانتا تھا کہ یہ نیا وائرس کیا ہے۔ وقت گزرنے کے ساتھ ساتھ پوری دنیا اس مہلک وائرس کی لپیٹ میں آگئی۔ دنیا ابھی تک اس نئے کورونا وائرس سے بے بس اور پریشان تھی۔ کاروبار، سفر، معیشت، کام، پیداوار، تعلیم وغیرہ تمام سرگرمیاں ایک پنجرے کے اندر رکھی گئیں جسے ہم نے لاک ڈاؤن کا نام دیا۔ پھر، یہ ٹیکنالوجی تھی جو دنیا کو COVID-19 سے بچانے کے لیے آئی۔

COVID-19 کے دوران ٹیکنالوجیز کا کردار

ٹیکنالوجی واحد سہارے کے طور پر ابھری جس نے دنیا کو COVID-19 سے لڑنے میں مدد کی۔ یہاں کچھ ضروری شعبوں پر تبادلہ خیال کیا گیا ہے جہاں ٹیکنالوجی ایک اعزاز ثابت ہوئی ہے۔

صحت کی دیکھ بھال

کورونا وائرس اور اس کے علاج کے بارے میں محدود معلومات کے ساتھ، ٹیکنالوجی نے COVID-19 کے مطالعہ میں ہمارے سرپرست کے طور پر کام کیا ہے۔ کوویڈ 19 اسپتال بنائے گئے اور مریضوں کا علاج کیا گیا۔ وائرس کی تشخیص کے لیے لیب قائم کی گئی تھی۔ اس وائرس کا علاج تلاش کرنے کے لیے ابھی تحقیق جاری ہے۔ یہ صرف طبی ٹیکنالوجی کی صلاحیت کی وجہ سے ممکن ہوا ہے جس نے ہمیں نہ صرف زندہ رکھا ہے بلکہ متحرک بھی رکھا ہے۔

کورونا وائرس نے عالمی معیشت کو شدید نقصان پہنچایا ہے۔ دنیا ابھی تک کورونا وائرس کے اثرات سے نبرد آزما ہے۔ لیکن، ان مشکل وقتوں میں بھی، یہ صرف ٹیکنالوجی کی وجہ سے ہے کہ معیشت بچ گئی ہے۔ زیادہ تر معاشی سرگرمیاں جیسے بینکنگ، اسٹاک ٹریڈنگ، ادائیگی کے نظام اور کاروبار انٹرنیٹ پر کام کرنے کے لیے بنائے جاتے ہیں۔ آئی ٹی کے بنیادی ڈھانچے نے تمام سرگرمیوں کا بوجھ اٹھایا اور تمام افعال کو آف لائن سے آن لائن تک ممکن اور آسان بنا دیا۔

آج والدین کو سب سے بڑی فکر اپنے بچوں کی پڑھائی اور مستقبل کے بارے میں ہے۔ لاک ڈاؤن کی وجہ سے پورا تعلیمی نظام تاحال متاثر ہے۔ لیکن، ٹیکنالوجی نے ہمیں لاک ڈاؤن کے دوران ایک جھلک دکھائی۔ ٹیکنالوجی نے ہمیں ورچوئل کلاس روم اور ای لرننگ کا حل فراہم کیا۔ طلباء نے اپنی پڑھائی آن لائن میڈیم سے شروع کی۔ آن لائن میڈیم میں، طلباء اور اساتذہ کو ایک ساتھ ملایا جاتا ہے۔ اساتذہ نے اپنے لیکچرز آئی ٹی کمپنیوں کے تیار کردہ مختلف سافٹ وئیر کے ذریعے دیے۔ لیکچر اتنے ہی انٹرایکٹو ہوتے ہیں جتنے کہ وہ اصلی کلاس رومز میں ہوتے تھے۔ تعلیم کے اس نئے ڈھانچے نے والدین کو اپنے بچوں کے مستقبل کے لیے راحت اور تحفظ کا احساس فراہم کیا۔

ہر ایک کو اپنی ضروریات پوری کرنے کے لیے پیسے کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے۔ کرونا وائرس ایک متعدی بیماری ہے۔ اس کا واحد دستیاب حل سماجی دوری ہے۔ لیکن، سماجی دوری کا مطلب اپنے کام کو بند کرنا یا روکنا نہیں ہے۔ آج کل دفاتر صرف لیپ ٹاپ یا اسمارٹ فون پر چلتے ہیں۔ چھوٹے کاروبار سے لے کر اعلیٰ سطحی بورڈ میٹنگز بھی ٹیکنالوجی کے ذریعے منعقد کی جاتی ہیں۔

ایک بار پھر ٹیکنالوجی نے دنیا بھر میں کروڑوں لوگوں کے دل جیت لیے ہیں۔ ٹیکنالوجی نے نہ صرف دنیا کو آگے بڑھنے میں مدد کی بلکہ اس نے لوگوں کو ان کی صحت پر سمجھوتہ کیے بغیر تحفظ فراہم کیا۔ یہ ان تمام سالوں کی محنت، وقت، پیسے کا نتیجہ ہے کہ اس نے آج ہماری زندگی بدل دی ہے۔

مضمون 3 (600 الفاظ) – ٹیکنالوجی: ایک نئی ڈیجیٹل لائف لائن

وہ دن گئے جب ہم ٹکٹوں، بلوں، پبلک فون بوتھ، ڈاکٹر کے پاس جانے کا وقت اور سرکاری دفاتر وغیرہ کے لیے بینک میں لمبی قطاروں میں کھڑے ہوتے تھے۔ اگر آپ نے ان لمبی قطاروں اور تھکا دینے والے کاموں کا تجربہ نہیں کیا ہے، تو آپ واقعی خوش قسمت ہیں کہ آپ ان بھاری کاموں سے بچ گئے۔ آپ کو اس کے لیے ٹیکنالوجی اور اس کی ایپلی کیشنز کا شکریہ ادا کرنا چاہیے۔

ٹیکنالوجی کی درخواست

آج، ٹکنالوجی ہر شعبے میں اپنا اطلاق تلاش کرتی ہے چاہے وہ ذاتی، سماجی، پیشہ ورانہ یا غیر زمینی زندگی ہو۔

ٹیکنالوجی نے ہمیں بات چیت کرنے کا ایک ذریعہ دیا ہے۔ پرسنل کمپیوٹرز، اسمارٹ فونز، ٹیبلیٹ اور لیپ ٹاپ جیسے مواصلاتی آلات آج کی نسل کے بہترین دوست ثابت ہوئے ہیں۔ یہ نسل تیز رفتاری سے کام کرنا پسند کرتی ہے اور غیر روایتی طریقوں کو اپنا کر اپنی زندگی کو سنوارنے میں یقین رکھتی ہے۔ پہلے زمانے میں لکھنا صرف ادب والوں کے کام تک محدود تھا۔ لیکن اس نئے ڈیجیٹل دور میں کوئی بھی اسے لکھ کر دنیا کے سامنے پیش کر سکتا ہے۔

بلاگنگ، بلاگنگ، چیٹنگ، سیلف پبلشنگ جیسے تمام قسم کے تصورات ان دنوں انٹرنیٹ پر کافی عام ہو چکے ہیں۔ ان تصورات کو مکمل کرنے کے لیے کسی کو اپنا کام مکمل کرنے کے لیے الیکٹرانک ڈیوائس اور انٹرنیٹ کنکشن کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے۔

ڈیجیٹل دور میں، ٹیک سیوی نسل کو سوشل میڈیا کی شکل میں دوستوں سے جڑنے کے لیے ایک نئی جگہ ملتی ہے۔ سوشل نیٹ ورک نہ صرف لوگوں کو ورچوئل طور پر جڑے رکھتا ہے بلکہ یہ کمائی کے کافی مواقع بھی فراہم کرتا ہے۔ وہاں بہت سی ویب سائٹس موجود ہیں جو فری لانسنگ جابز، آن لائن بزنس ماڈل، ڈیجیٹل مارکیٹنگ اور انتخاب کرنے کے لیے متعدد دیگر اختیارات کی حمایت کرتی ہیں۔

عوامی زندگی

ہر کوئی اپنے ارد گرد ہونے والے واقعات کے بارے میں خود کو اپ ڈیٹ رکھنا چاہتا ہے۔ تقریباً ہر انسان دو شناختوں کی زندگی بسر کرتا ہے۔ ایک اس کی حقیقی زندگی اور دوسری اس کی ای شناخت یعنی جو اس نے انٹرنیٹ کی ورچوئل دنیا کے لیے رکھی ہے۔ بنیادی طور پر، جس طرح سے ہم اپنا وقت انٹرنیٹ پر گزار رہے ہیں، ہم صرف ایک کلک کے ساتھ کسی بھی معلومات تک آسانی سے رسائی حاصل کر سکتے ہیں۔ یہاں تک کہ حکومت بھی عوام سے رابطہ کر رہی ہے اور ان کے مسائل سن رہی ہے۔ ہم ایک پیغام چھوڑ کر انہیں آسانی سے اپنے سادہ سے پیچیدہ مسائل کے بارے میں بتا سکتے ہیں۔

فرسودہ ٹیکنالوجیز کو ضائع کر دیا جاتا ہے اور ان کی جگہ نئی جدید ٹیکنالوجیز لے لی جاتی ہیں۔ ٹیکنالوجی کی طرف سے لائی گئی بڑی اصلاحات میں سے ایک عوام کے لیے مالی اور صحت کی شمولیت ہے۔ میٹرو، بلٹ ٹرین، ہوائی جہاز، کروز جیسی پبلک ٹرانسپورٹ نے ہمارے سفر کے وقت میں نمایاں کمی کر دی ہے۔ سفر کرنا اب اتنا بوجھل کام نہیں رہا۔ ٹکٹ بکنگ اور منزل تک پہنچنے جیسے تمام مصروف عمل کو کم سے کم بوجھل کر دیا گیا ہے۔

فصلوں کی پیداواری صلاحیت کو بڑھانے کے لیے جدید ٹیکنالوجی کا استعمال کیا جاتا ہے۔ کاشتکار اپنی کھیتی کی سہولت کے لیے فصل کے مختلف آلات استعمال کرتے ہیں۔ کسان ٹکنالوجی کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے ماہرین کے ساتھ بات چیت کر سکتے ہیں تاکہ انہیں اچھے معیار کے بیج استعمال کرنے کے بارے میں مشورہ دیا جا سکے جس سے انہیں ان کی کاشت کاری میں فائدہ ہو گا۔ عالمی دنیا کو مکمل طور پر سکڑ کر مقامی دنیا بنانا ٹیکنالوجی کے ذریعے ہی ممکن ہوا ہے۔

پیشہ ورانہ زندگی

پیشے کے وسیع دائرہ کار نے بہت سی ذیلی قسم کی ملازمتوں کو ملازمتوں کے مختلف زمروں میں تقسیم کیا ہے۔ اگر آپ کے پاس صنعت کی طلب کے مطابق بنیادی مہارتیں ہیں تو کوئی بھی اپنی روزی کما سکتا ہے۔ پہلے زمانے میں کھیتی باڑی، مینوفیکچرنگ، ملنگ اور بک کیپنگ جیسی انسانی سرگرمیاں روزی روٹی کے لیے کی جاتی تھیں، لیکن ٹیکنالوجی کے استعمال سے انسان اس کام کو کر سکتا ہے اور اس میں شامل ہو سکتا ہے خواہ وہ مذکورہ جگہ پر نہ ہو۔ پیشہ ور کے جغرافیائی محل وقوع کی اب کوئی اہمیت نہیں ہے۔ آپ کی آسانی کے مطابق کام کی بروقت تکمیل زیادہ اہمیت رکھتی ہے۔ اضافی سکون میں اضافہ کرنے کے لیے، گھر سے کام کرنا دفتر کی نئی جگہ بن گیا ہے، خاص طور پر وبائی امراض، قدرتی آفات اور اس طرح کے دیگر نادیدہ حالات کے دوران۔

extraterrestrial زندگی

ٹیکنالوجی کے استعمال کی وجہ سے ہی بیرونی میدان میں نئی دریافتیں ممکن ہوئی ہیں۔ ایک وقت تھا جب خلا میں مشن بھیجنا تقریباً ناممکن سمجھا جاتا تھا۔ لیکن، ٹیکنالوجی کی طاقت سے، یہ خلائی مشن اب ناممکن کام نہیں رہے۔ ہمارے نظام شمسی سے باہر دیکھنے کے لیے مزید نئی ٹیکنالوجیز دریافت کی گئی ہیں، تاکہ انسانوں کی پہنچ کو اور بھی بڑھایا جا سکے۔

انٹرنیٹ ٹریفک پیسہ کمانے کا ایک نیا طریقہ بن گیا ہے۔ ٹیکنالوجی بہت تیز رفتاری سے ہماری زندگی کا لازمی حصہ بن چکی ہے۔ زندگی اب تک محدود نہیں ہے، لیکن یہ 1 یا 0 کے لحاظ سے آگے بڑھتی ہے۔ بٹس، چپس اور توانائی وہ واحد زبان ہے جسے ٹیکنالوجی سمجھتی ہے۔