history of nursing research in nigeria pdf

History of Nursing in Nigeria

Matthew Idowu OLATUBI Department of Nursing Science Bowen University, Iwo

Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Nursing History in Nigeria

• Nursing came to Nigeria through the British Colonial masters. • The first nursing home in Nigeria in Jericho, Ibadan by the government of the British Colonial masters.

• Later on missionaries and their wives came to supplement government effort by setting up Mission homes, Dispensaries e.t.c. and commence the training of Nurses in Nigeria • There was no formal training but on the Job acquisition skills and practical aspect are been rendered by nursing surgery.

Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Nursing History in Nigeria • The regional government in Nigeria began the training of nurses by settings individual regional standard. • In 1949, the School of Nursing, Eleyele was established to facilitate the training of nurses, • later in 1952, the University College Hospital Ibadan started the training of nurses in a higher standard.

Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Nursing History in Nigeria • In 1949, the Nursing Council of Nigeria was established to complement the efforts of the various training bodies and creating standards for Nurses. • By 1965, a department of Nursing was established in the University of Ibadan to commence a degree programme in Nigeria. • Later on, University of Ife and University of Nigeria, Enugu also started degree in 1973.

Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Nursing History in Nigeria • At present, all the states in Nigeria has one or more School of Nursing, Midwifery and kinds of Post Basic schools. • More degree awarding institutions has been granted the license to produce degree holder in Nursing. • Among them are Ahmadu Bello University , Zaria; University of Calabar , Calabar; Ladoke Akintola University (LAUTECH), Ogbomosho. Also private University, Babcock University , Ilisan Remo;; Madonna University, Bowen Univerity among others started degree in Nursing.

Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Nursing leaders in Nigeria

• Ms. Kujore – Started the Ife Baccalaureate program

Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Nursing as An Art and Science

Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Definition of Nursing • The “act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery” – Florence Nightingale • ‘The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge, and to do this in such a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible’ –Virginia Henderson

Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Definition of Nursing

• “Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problems” – ANA, 1980 • “Nursing is the protection, promotion and optimization of health and abilities, preventions of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, & population”

Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Theoretical definition of Nursing • Themes common to all these definitions: – Nursing is caring – Nursing is an art – Nursing is a science – Nursing is client centered – Nursing is wholistic – Nursing is adaptive – Nursing is concerned with health promotion, health maintenance & restoration Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Nursing Philosophy • Nursing philosophy sets forth the meaning of nursing phenomenon through analysis, reasoning and logical argument • Philosophy contribute to nursing knowledge by providing direction for the discipline and forming a basis for professional scholarship, which lead to new theoretical understanding • Nursing philosophies represent early works that predate the theory era • Philosophies are works that provide a broad understanding. Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Recipients of Nursing care

• Consumers: people who use health care products or services • Patient: person who is waiting for or undergoing medical treatment and care • Client: Person who engages the advice or services of another who is qualified to provide a particular service • Client is the preferred term now! Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Scope of Nursing

• Promoting health & wellness • Preventing illness • Restoring health • Caring for the Dying

Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Roles & Functions of the Nurse • Caregiver • Research consumer • Communicator • Expanded care roles • Teacher • Client advocate • Counsellor • Change Agent • Leader • Manager • Case manage

Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Criteria of a profession • Professionalization is the process of becoming a profession, that is acquiring characteristics considered to be professional. • Specialized education • Body of knowledge • Service orientation • Increasing research • Code of ethics • Autonomy • Professional organization Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Socialization into Nursing Roles • The education of the professional involves socialization process • Social and attitudinal aspects of nursing is as important as it technical aspect • Socialization is a process by which people: – Learn to become member of groups and society – Learn the social rules defining relationships into which they enter • Socialization involves learning to behave, feel, and see the world in a manner similar to other persons occupying the same role as oneself (Hardy & Conway, 1988) Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Benner’s Stages of Nursing Expertise

• Stage I - Novice • Stage II - Advanced Beginner • Stage III - Competent • Stage IV - Proficient • Stage V - Expert

Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Factors influencing contemporary nursing practice • Changes in the Socio-Cultural Environment • Economic development • Increase and growing sense of responsibilities of nurses to recipients of care • The new Clientele in the Health Industry (Consumer demands) • The family structure

Bowen University Iwo, Osun State Factors influencing contemporary nursing practice • Economics • Consumer demands • Family structure • The rise in Literacy level • The greater awareness of individual’s rights and obligations of human worth of dignity • Advances in Medical Science and Technology • Legislation • Demographic changes • Nursing shortage • Collective bargaining • Nursing association Bowen University Iwo, Osun State NURSING ORGANISATIONS • National Association of Nigerian Nurses & Midwives (NANNM) • American Nurses Association (ANA) • Canadian Nurses Association (CAN) • National League of Nursing • International Council of Nurses (ICN) • International Honor Society: Sigma • National Student Nurses Association – Nigeria University Nurses student Association (NUNSA) Bowen University Iwo, Osun State THANK YOU

Bowen University Iwo, Osun State

Nursing Education, Practice, and Research in Nigeria

• Living reference work entry
• First Online: 15 March 2024
• Cite this living reference work entry

• Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-5752-2913 2 , 3  

This chapter aims to discuss the nursing education, practice, and research-related issues in Nigeria and to describe the achievement in education, practice, and research in the country. This chapter will describe the challenges facing education in the country and suggest the recommendations to overcome these challenges, challenges facing the practice in the country and suggest the recommendations to overcome these challenges, and challenges facing the research in the country and suggest the recommendations to overcome these challenges. Moreover, online education, practice, and research will be discussed in this chapter; facilitators for the best online education, practice, and research will be explained; and finally the barriers to the implementation of online education, practice, and research will be discussed with the recommendations to overcome it.

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Al-Worafi, Y. (2013c). Towards supporting clinical pharmacy research in Arabic countries. Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research, 43 (3), 247–248.

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2014a). The challenges of pharmacy education in Yemen. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 78 (8), 146.

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2014b). Pharmacy practice and its challenges in Yemen. The Australasian Medical Journal, 7 (1), 17.

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2014c). Prescription writing errors at a tertiary care hospital in Yemen: Prevalence, types, causes and recommendations. American Journal of Pharmacy and Health Research, 2 , 134–140.

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Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2018c). Evaluation of inhaler technique among patients with asthma and COPD in Yemen. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 13 (5), 488–490.

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (Ed.). (2020a). Drug safety in developing countries: Achievements and challenges . Academic.

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2020b). Medications safety research issues. In Drug safety in developing countries (pp. 213–227). Academic.

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2020c). Medications safety-related terminology. In Drug safety in developing countries (pp. 7–19). Academic.

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2020d). Medications registration and marketing: Safety-related issues. In Drug safety in developing countries (pp. 21–28). Academic.

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2020e). Pharmacovigilance. In Drug safety in developing countries (pp. 29–38). Academic.

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2020f). Medication errors. In Drug safety in developing countries (pp. 59–71). Academic.

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2020g). Adverse drug reactions. In Drug safety in developing countries (pp. 39–57). Academic.

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2020h). Self-medication. In Drug safety in developing countries (pp. 73–86). Academic.

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2020i). Antibiotics safety issues. In Drug safety in developing countries (pp. 87–103). Academic.

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2020j). Drug-related problems. In Drug safety in developing countries (pp. 105–117). Academic.

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2020k). Counterfeit and substandard medications. In Drug safety in developing countries (pp. 119–126). Academic.

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2020l). Medication abuse and misuse. In Drug safety in developing countries (pp. 127–135). Academic.

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2020m). Storage and disposal of medications. In Drug safety in developing countries (pp. 137–142). Academic.

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2020n). Safety of medications in special population. In Drug safety in developing countries (pp. 143–162). Academic.

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2020o). Herbal medicines safety issues. In Drug safety in developing countries (pp. 163–178). Academic.

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2020p). Medications safety pharmacoeconomics-related issues. In Drug safety in developing countries (pp. 187–195). Academic.

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2020q). Evidence-based medications safety practice. In Drug safety in developing countries (pp. 197–201). Academic.

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Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2020t). Drug safety in Saudi Arabia. In Drug safety in developing countries (pp. 407–417). Academic.

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2020u). Drug safety in United Arab Emirates. In Drug safety in developing countries (pp. 419–428). Academic.

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2020v). Drug safety in Indonesia. In Drug safety in developing countries (pp. 279–285). Academic.

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2020w). Drug safety in Palestine. In Drug safety in developing countries (pp. 471–480). Academic.

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2020x). Drug safety: Comparison between developing countries. In Drug safety in developing countries (pp. 603–611). Academic.

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2020y). Drug safety in developing versus developed countries. In Drug safety in developing countries (pp. 613–615). Academic.

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Al-Worafi, Y. (2022c). Competencies and learning outcomes. In A guide to online pharmacy education: Teaching strategies and assessment methods . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2022d). Social media, social-networking sites, and webinar and video conferencing platforms. In A guide to online pharmacy education: Teaching strategies and assessment methods . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2022e). Teaching the practice and tutorial. In A guide to online pharmacy education: Teaching strategies and assessment methods . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2022f). Self-learning and self-directed learning. In A guide to online pharmacy education: Teaching strategies and assessment methods . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2022g). Traditional and active strategies. In A guide to online pharmacy education: Teaching strategies and assessment methods . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2022h). Team-based learning in pharmacy education. In A guide to online pharmacy education: Teaching strategies and assessment methods . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2022i). Problem-based learning in pharmacy education. In A guide to online pharmacy education: Teaching strategies and assessment methods . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2022j). Case-based learning in pharmacy education. In A guide to online pharmacy education: Teaching strategies and assessment methods . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2022k). Simulation in pharmacy education. In A guide to online pharmacy education: Teaching strategies and assessment methods . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2022l). Project-based learning in pharmacy education. In A guide to online pharmacy education: Teaching strategies and assessment methods . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2022m). Flipped classes in pharmacy education. In A guide to online pharmacy education: Teaching strategies and assessment methods . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2022n). Educational games in pharmacy education. In A guide to online pharmacy education: Teaching strategies and assessment methods . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2022o). Web-based learning in pharmacy education. In A guide to online pharmacy education: Teaching strategies and assessment methods . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2022p). Mobile health technologies. In A guide to online pharmacy education: Teaching strategies and assessment methods . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2022q). Blended learning in pharmacy education. In A guide to online pharmacy education: Teaching strategies and assessment methods . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2022r). Assessment methods in pharmacy education: Strengths and limitations. In A guide to online pharmacy education: Teaching strategies and assessment methods . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2022s). Assessment methods in pharmacy education: Direct assessment. In A guide to online pharmacy education: Teaching strategies and assessment methods . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2022t). Access and equitable access. In A guide to online pharmacy education: Teaching strategies and assessment methods . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2022u). Assessment methods in pharmacy education: Formative assessment. In A guide to online pharmacy education: Teaching strategies and assessment methods . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2022v). Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) in pharmacy education. In A guide to online pharmacy education: Teaching strategies and assessment methods . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2022w). Pharmacists’ Prescribing. In A guide to online pharmacy education: Teaching strategies and assessment methods . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2022x). Technologies and tools. In A guide to online pharmacy education: Teaching strategies and assessment methods . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2023a). Patient safety in developing countries: Education, research, case studies . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2023b). Patient safety-related issues: History and importance. In Patient safety in developing countries: Education, research, case studies . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2023c). Patient safety-related issues: Patient care errors and related problems. In Patient safety in developing countries: Education, research, case studies . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2023d). Patient care errors and related problems: Preventive medicine errors & related problems. In Patient safety in developing countries: Education, research, case studies . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2023e). Patient care errors and related problems: Patient assessment and diagnostic errors & related problems. In Patient safety in developing countries: Education, research, case studies . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2023f). Patient care errors and related problems: Non-pharmacological errors & related problems. In Patient safety in developing countries: Education, research, case studies . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2023g). Patient care errors and related problems: Medical errors & related problems. In Patient safety in developing countries: Education, research, case studies . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2023h). Patient care errors and related problems: Surgical errors & related problems. In Patient safety in developing countries: Education, research, case studies . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2023i). Patient care errors and related problems: Complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) errors & related problems. In Patient safety in developing countries: Education, research, case studies . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2023j). Patient care errors and related problems: Nutrition errors & related problems. In Patient safety in developing countries: Education, research, case studies . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2023k). Patient care errors and related problems: Pharmacological errors & related problems (medication errors and related problems). In Patient safety in developing countries: Education, research, case studies . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2023l). Patient safety research in developing countries achievements, challenges, and recommendations. In Patient safety in developing countries: Education, research, case studies . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2023m). Patient care errors and related problems: Monitoring errors & related problems. In Patient safety in developing countries: Education, research, case studies . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2023n). Patient care errors and related problems: Patient education and counselling errors and related problems. In Patient safety in developing countries: Education, research, case studies . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2023o). Patient safety resources and tools. In Patient safety in developing countries: Education, research, case studies . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2023p). Patient safety culture. In Patient safety in developing countries: Education, research, case studies . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2023q). Nosocomial infections in developing countries. In Patient safety in developing countries: Education, research, case studies . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2023r). Patient safety in pharmacies. In Patient safety in developing countries: Education, research, case studies . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2023s). Patient safety for special populations: Geriatrics. In Patient safety in developing countries: Education, research, case studies . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2023t). Patient safety for special populations: Paediatrics. In Patient safety in developing countries: Education, research, case studies . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2023u). Patient safety for special populations: Pregnancy. In Patient safety in developing countries: Education, research, case studies . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2023v). Patient safety for special populations: Lactation. In Patient safety in developing countries: Education, research, case studies . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2023w). Patient safety for special populations: Adolescents. In Patient safety in developing countries: Education, research, case studies . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2023x). Patient safety during pandemics. In Patient safety in developing countries: Education, research, case studies . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2023y). Patient safety: Antimicrobial-resistance and interventions. In Patient safety in developing countries: Education, research, case studies . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. (2023z). Patient safety education: Competencies and learning outcomes. In Patient safety in developing countries: Education, research, case studies . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (Ed.). (2023aa). Clinical case studies on medication safety . Academic.

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2023ab). Technology for Drug Safety: Current status and future developments . Springer Nature.

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (Ed.). (2023ac). Comprehensive healthcare simulation: Pharmacy education . Practice and Research.

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2023ad). Artificial intelligence and machine learning for drug safety. In Technology for drug safety: Current status and future developments (pp. 69–80). Springer International Publishing.

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2023ae). Technology for drug safety: Challenges. In Technology for drug safety: Current status and future developments (pp. 129–152). Springer International Publishing.

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2023af). Development and validation of the pharmacist care model and definitions. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3128130/v1 .

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2023ag). Health care systems in the Arab world: Achievements, challenges, and recommendations. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.14972.82562

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2023ah). Migration of health care professionals from the Arabic countries: A mixed Method study. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.11427.32808

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2023ai). Patient and public satisfaction towards health care services in the Arab world. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.23867.69924

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2023aj). Pharmacy education in the Arab world: Achievements, challenges, and recommendations. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.24546.81600

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2023ak). Public health education in the Arab world: Achievements, challenges, and recommendations. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.26643.96802

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2023al). Nursing education in the Arab world: Achievements, challenges, and recommendations. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.29160.55044

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2023am). Medical education in the Arab world: Achievements, challenges, and recommendations. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.29422.69444

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2023an). Dentistry education in the Arab world. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.31257.70245

Al-Worafi, Y. (2024). Handbook of complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine: Education, practice and research . CRC Press.

Al-Worafi, Y. M., & Ming, L. C. (2022). Attitude and practice of Yemeni physicians toward the integration of herbal medicines into patient care practice. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2351211/v1

Al-Worafi, Y. M., Kassab, Y. W., Alseragi, W. M., Almutairi, M. S., Ahmed, A., Ming, L. C., Alkhoshaiban, A. S., & Hadi, M. A. (2017). Pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reaction reporting: A perspective of community pharmacists and pharmacy technicians in Sana’a, Yemen. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management, 13 , 1175.

Al-Worafi, Y. M., Patel, R. P., Zaidi, S. T. R., Alseragi, W. M., Almutairi, M. S., Alkhoshaiban, A. S., & Ming, L. C. (2018a). Completeness and legibility of handwritten prescriptions in Sana’a, Yemen. Medical Principles and Practice, 27 , 290–292.

Al-Worafi, Y. M., Alseragi, W. M., Seng, L. K., Kassab, Y. W., Yeoh, S. F., Chiau, L., … & Husain, K. (2018b). Dispensing errors in community pharmacies: A prospective study in Sana’a, Yemen, Archives of Pharmacy Practice, 9 (4), 1–3.

Al-Worafi, Y. M., Alseragi, W. M., & Mahmoud, M. A. (2019). Competency of metered-dose inhaler use among community pharmacy dispensers in Ibb, Yemen: A simulation method study. Latin American Journal of Pharmacy, 38 (3), 489–494.

Al-Worafi, Y. M., Alseragi, W. M., Ming, L. C., & Alakhali, K. M. (2020a). Drug safety in China. In Drug safety in developing countries (pp. 381–388). Academic.

Al-Worafi, Y. M., Alseragi, W. M., Alakhali, K. M., Ming, L. C., Othman, G., Halboup, A. M., … & Elkalmi, R. M. (2020b). Knowledge, beliefs and factors affecting the use of generic medicines among patients in Ibb, Yemen: A mixed-method study. Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Community Medicine, 6 (4). 53–56.

Al-Worafi, Y. M., Elkalmi, R. M., Ming, L. C., Othman, G., Halboup, A. M., Battah, M. M., … & Mani, V. (2021a). Dispensing errors in hospital pharmacies: A prospective study in Yemen. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-153952/v1

Al-Worafi, Y. M., Hasan, S., Hassan, N. M., & Gaili, A. A. (2021b). Knowledge, attitude and experience of pharmacist in the UAE towards pharmacovigilance. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 14 (1), 265–269.

Al-Worafi, Y., Ming, L., Alseragi, W., Dhabali, A., & Al-Shami, A. (2021c). Adverse reactions of COVID-19 vaccine among frontline workers in Fujairah, UAE. Research Square , 1–6. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-137445/v1

Al-Worafi, Y. M., Hermansyah, A., Goh, K. W., & Ming, L. C. (2023a). Artificial intelligence use in university: Should we ban ChatGPT? Preprint, 2023 , 2023020400.

Al-Worafi, Y. M., Ming, L. C., & Al-Shami, A. M. (2023b). Vaccines safety case studies. In Clinical case studies on medication safety (pp. 487–497). Academic.

Ang, L. P., Ng, P. W., Lean, Y. L., Kotra, V., Kifli, N., Goh, H. P., … & Ming, L. C. (2021). Herbal products containing aristolochic acids: A call to revisit the context of safety. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 28 , 100447.

Atif, M., Ahmed, W., Nouman Iqbal, M., Ahmad, N., Ahmad, W., Malik, I., & Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2022a). Frequency and factors associated with adverse events among multi-drug resistant tuberculosis patients in Pakistan: A retrospective study. Frontiers in Medicine, 8 , 790718.

Atif, M., Munir, K., Malik, I., Al-Worafi, Y. M., Mushtaq, I., & Ahmad, N. (2022b). Perceptions of healthcare professionals and patients on the role of the pharmacist in TB management in Pakistan: A qualitative study. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13 , 965806.

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Choudhry, F. R., Munawar, K., Kassab, Y. W., Bakrin, F. S., Al-Worafi, Y. M., & Khan, T. M. (2021). Public perception about the Zika virus in working professionals: A qualitative inquiry. International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 41 (2), 199–207.

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Hamdan, N. K. A., Lean, Q. Y., Neoh, C. F., Abdullah, A. H., Lim, S. M., Ramasamy, K., … & Lua, P. L. (2020). Knowledge and perception of facial candling for allergic rhinitis among university staff and students. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 3 , 5713134.

Hasan, S., Al-Omar, M. J., AlZubaidy, H., & Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2019). Use of medications in Arab countries. In Handbook of healthcare in the Arab world (p. 42). Springer.

Hassan, Y., Abd Aziz, N., Kassab, Y. W., Elgasim, I., Shaharuddin, S., Al-Worafi, Y. M. A., … & Ming, L. C. (2014). How to help patients to control their blood pressure? Blood pressure control and its predictor. Archives of Pharmacy Practice 5 (4). 153

Hossain, M. S., Kader, M. A., Goh, K. W., Islam, M., Khan, M. S., Harun-Ar, M. R., … & Ming, L. C. (2022). Herb and spices in colorectal cancer prevention and treatment: A narrative review. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13 , 865801–865801.

Izahar, S., Lean, Q. Y., Hameed, M. A., Murugiah, M. K., Patel, R. P., Al-Worafi, Y. M., … & Ming, L. C. (2017). Content analysis of mobile health applications on diabetes mellitus. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 8 , 318.

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Kouider, D. A. R., Hassan, N. A. G., & Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2019). A study investigating the association between vitamin D and depression among university students in 39 countries. Biomedical Research, 30 (4), 655–659.

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Lee, K. S., Yee, S. M., Zaidi, S. T. R., Patel, R. P., Yang, Q., Al-Worafi, Y. M., & Ming, L. C. (2017). Combating sale of counterfeit and falsified medicines online: A losing battle. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 8 , 268.

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Mahmoud, M. A., Wajid, S., Naqvi, A. A., Samreen, S., Althagfan, S. S., & Al-Worafi, Y. (2020). Self-medication with antibiotics: A cross-sectional community-based study. Latin American Journal of Pharmacy, 39 (2), 348–353.

Manan, M. M., Rusli, R. A., Ang, W. C., Al-Worafi, Y. M., & Ming, L. C. (2014). Assessing the pharmaceutical care issues of antiepileptic drug therapy in hospitalised epileptic patients. Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research, 44 (3), 83–88.

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Al-Worafi, Y.M. (2024). Nursing Education, Practice, and Research in Nigeria. In: Al-Worafi, Y.M. (eds) Handbook of Medical and Health Sciences in Developing Countries. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74786-2_526-1

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74786-2_526-1

Received : 11 October 2023

Accepted : 11 October 2023

Published : 15 March 2024

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Our Mission

To promote and maintain excellence in Nursing and Midwifery Education and practice in Nigeria in line with global best practice.

To be the foremost regulatory Council with the best nursing and midwifery professionals in the world.

Origin of Nursing in Nigeria

Nursing as a profession, came into existence as early as human existence. It is the foremost caring profession. It rested, savoured and consolidated its position through the ages by developing its own language, rituals, arts and sciences from the physical, psycho-social and spiritual needs of the patients. The history of Nursing Education and Practice in Nigeria is closely interwoven with the history of nursing as a universal profession, the history of education and the history of Nigeria itself.

Modern Scientific Nursing started with the crusading efforts of Miss Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) during and after the Crimean War (1854-1856). She combined Christian ideals, strict discipline and a sense of mission to open the door for what is known today as the nursing profession. Nursing was the first profession in the health industry to form an international organisation - the International Council of Nurses formed in 1899. In 1916, the Royal College of Nursing was founded, while in 1919 the General Nursing Council for the England and Wales came into existence.

The early missionaries who arrived in Nigeria in the early nineteenth century, had the strong belief that Jesus Christ is the spiritual King, the greatest Nurse and Physician capable of caring for and healing whatever affects the body, mind and soul. They combined their missionary work with the provision of medical and nursing care to the sick.

With the Amalgamation of the Colony and the Protectorates of Nigeria into one country in 1914, Nigeria became a colony of Britain. Nursing like all other professions developed and witnessed rapid changes to meet the changing needs of the society it serves. The first and second world wars also had impact on the growth and development of the nursing profession.

Our Core Values

Professionalism: NMCN aims to deploy the highest level of competence and expertise including sound judgment and caring behavior in the training and practice of nursing and midwifery.

Dynamism: NMCN is an organization that is able to quickly and effectively adjust or adapt to changes in internal and external environments and wants its products to do the same.

History of the Council

The history of Nursing and Midwifery Council of Nigeria has a lot in common with other allied professions, particularly in the health industry except that it came into existence before most if not all of them. Indeed, Nursing was among the first five recognised and accepted professions in the colonial era, hence recognition was transferred from the Home government. Nursing and Midwifery services were given prime of place because of their relevance and direct impact to the life, health and well-being of the individual family and community.

Therefore, in the attempt to modernize Nursing Education and Practice in the colony at least to cope with the developmental pace. The colonial Government decided to introduce, gradually, Nursing and Midwifery education on a formal basis, to enable them render modern and scientific Nursing and Midwifery care to the civil servants and their families.

In 1930, the Midwives Ordinance which established the defunct Midwives Board was promulgated to regulate Midwifery education and practice in Nigeria.

In 1947, the Nursing Council of Nigeria was established by the Registration of Nurses Ordinance of August 1947 to regulate and control the education and practice of Nursing in Nigeria.

From the humble beginning through the pioneering Midwives Ordinance of 1930 with its major Amendment known as the Mid¬wives Act of 1966 to the first Nurses Ordinance of August 1947 and series of Amendment, such as Ordinances of 1957, 1959, the Nurses Act, No. 2 of 1970; the Nurses Amendment Act No. 30, of 20th July, 1974, what started as two separate bodies were merged together into one big effective body by the enabling decree 89 of 1979. Since then it grew and developed more and more in status, functions and responsibilities as well as influence and authority as one of the foremost statutory professional regulating body with the largest scope, jurisdiction and professional personnel to control, supervise and regulate.

The Nursing and Midwifery Council of Nigeria known as "The Council" is the only professional Council for all grades and Cadres of Nurses and Midwives. It is the only legal and administrative, corporate and statutory body charged with specific functions to perform on behalf of the Federal Government of Nigeria to ensure the delivery of safe and effective Nursing and Midwifery care to the public.

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A survey of nursing research in Nigeria

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• 1 College of Medicine, Department of Nursing, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
• PMID: 2228464

In Nigeria, nurses are not considered to be sufficiently educated to understand the abc's of research methodology much less to participate in or conduct research. This lamentable fact was made at a conference on "The Role of Research in Nursing" in Nigeria. This was in 1973. Has the situation changed since? For lack of any study or documentation on the topic, and to be able to report on the status of nursing research in Nigeria for the ICN-sponsored Task Force on International Research meeting at end April-May, Rosaline Olade decided to conduct her own exploratory study. While the responses shed light on the situation in both Nigeria and the African region, they also sound only too familiar in countries where nursing is beginning to be recognized at the university level.

• Attitude of Health Personnel
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• Nursing Research / economics
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History of nursing in Nigeria.

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The History of Nursing in Nigeria: A Journey of Progress and Challenges

Nursing has a rich and diverse history in Nigeria, dating back to the colonial era when Western-style healthcare was first introduced to the country. Over the years, nursing in Nigeria has faced numerous challenges and has undergone significant changes, but through it all, the dedication and hard work of nurses have helped to improve healthcare for the people of Nigeria.

The earliest recorded history of nursing in Nigeria can be traced back to the late 19th century when Western-style healthcare was first introduced to the country. At this time, nursing was seen as a role for women, and many European women were brought to Nigeria to serve as missionaries and to provide nursing care.

In the early 20th century, nursing education was formalized in Nigeria, with the establishment of the first nursing school in Lagos in 1914. This marked the beginning of a new era for nursing in Nigeria, as it allowed for the training and education of local nurses.

Throughout the 20th century, nursing in Nigeria continued to grow and evolve, with the establishment of additional nursing schools and the expansion of healthcare services. However, despite these advances, nursing in Nigeria faced numerous challenges, including limited resources, inadequate facilities, and a shortage of trained nursing personnel.

Despite these challenges, nursing in Nigeria has continued to progress and make important contributions to healthcare. Today, nursing in Nigeria is a well-respected profession, and nurses play a vital role in providing care and support to the people of Nigeria. With the ongoing development of healthcare infrastructure and the growth of the nursing workforce, the future of nursing in Nigeria looks bright.

In conclusion, the history of nursing in Nigeria is a story of progress and challenges, but through it all, the hard work and dedication of nurses have helped to improve healthcare for the people of Nigeria. As the nursing profession continues to evolve, it is important to remember the history of nursing in Nigeria and to continue to support the growth and development of the profession.

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Nursing Informatics History and its Contributions to Nursing Knowledge

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The history of nursing informatics whilst arguably starting with Florence has exploded into a tale of frenetic activity in the last 30 years. This tale is told in this chapter. The evolution of a nursing minimum data set and evolution of a shared language internationally is rightfully positioned as critical to the future of nursing. The argument is structured around the benefit of a sound informatics infrastructure that enables nurses to Care, Share and Compare. Direction of future development needed is discussed in light of the evolution of the nursing role as knowledge worker.

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