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Global Warming

Miss Parson – Allerton Grange School

Aims and objectives

• To be able to define and understand the process of Global Warming.
• Be able to describe the effects of Global Warming on a global and local scale.
• Be able to recognise how the effects of Global Warming can be reduced.

What is�Global Warming ?

Global warming is the increase in the world’s average temperature, believed to be the result from the release of carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels.

This increase in greenhouse gases is causing an increase in the rate of the greenhouse effect .

The Greenhouse�Effect

The earth is warming rather like the inside of a greenhouse. On a basic level the sun’s rays enter the earths atmosphere and are prevented from escaping by the greenhouse gases. This results in higher world temperatures.

In more detail………

Energy from the sun drives the earth's weather and climate, and heats the earth's surface; in turn, the earth radiates energy back into space. Atmospheric greenhouse gases (water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other gases) trap some of the outgoing energy, retaining heat somewhat like the glass panels of a greenhouse.�

Without this natural "greenhouse effect," temperatures would be much lower than they are now, and life as known today would not be possible. Instead, thanks to greenhouse gases, the earth's average temperature is a more hospitable 60°F. However, problems may arise when the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases increases. �

What are the�greenhouse gases?

Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide have increased nearly 30%, methane concentrations have more than doubled, and nitrous oxide concentrations have risen by about 15%. Why are greenhouse gas concentrations increasing?

Burning of fossil fuels and other human activities are the primary reason for the increased concentration of carbon dioxide.

CFC’s from aerosols, air conditioners, foam packaging and refrigerators most damaging (approx 6%).

Methane is released from decaying organic matter, waste dumps, animal dung, swamps and peat bogs (approx 19%).

Nitrous Oxide is emitted from car exhausts, power stations and agricultural fertiliser (approx 6%).

The major contributor is Carbon Dioxide (approx 64%).

Task 1:The �Greenhouse Effect

Complete your worksheet by cutting and labeling the diagram and answering the questions

Task 2 : Effects of global warming

You are about to see a series of pictures which show some of the effects of global warming.

Draw a rough sketch then write down the effects or titles for the pictures you've drawn

I’m thinking !

What are the consequences of Global Warming?

What are the pictures showing, what are the effects of global warming?

How did�you do?

Hurricanes –extreme weather

Flooding of coastal areas

Desertification

Ice caps melt

Rise in temperatures

Loss of wildlife habitats and species

Sea level rise

Extreme storms

There are also some positive effects of global warming

• Decrease in death and disease
• Healthier, faster growing forests due to excess CO2
• Longer growing seasons
• Warmer temperatures (UK Mediterranean climate!!)
• Plants and shrubs will be able to grow further north and in present desert conditions
• Heavier rainfall in certain locations will give higher agricultural production (Rice in India, Wheat in Africa).

How can Global Warming be reduced?

• Reduce the use of fossil fuels. A major impact would be to find alternatives to coal, oil and gas power stations.
• Afforest areas, trees use up the CO2, reduce deforestation.
• Reduce the reliance on the car (promote shared public transport).
• Try to use energy efficiently (turn off lights and not use as much!).
• Reduce, Reuse, Recycle.
• Careful long term planning to reduce the impact of global warming.
• Global Warming is the increase in global temperatures due to the increased rate of the Greenhouse Effect.
• Greenhouse gases trap the incoming solar radiation, these gases include Carbon Dioxide, CFCs, Methane, Nitrous Oxides and other Halocarbons. These are released by human activity.
• We need the Greenhouse effect to maintain life on earth as we know it…however if we keep adding to the Greenhouse gases there will be many changes.
• Consequences can be negative ( ice caps melt, sea level rise, extreme weather conditions) or positive (more rain in drought areas, longer growing season).

Re do diagram slide 7

http://www.flickr.com/photos/wwworks/2222523486/ - slide 1

http://www.flickr.com/photos/dzwjedziak/375723120/ - slide 8 and 1

http://www.flickr.com/photos/bratan/452189020/ - slide 4

http://www.flickr.com/photos/hogbard/412932972/- slide 6

http://www.flickr.com/photos/tiger_empress/467671978/ - slide 8

http://www.flickr.com/photos/48135670@N00/97951579/ - slide 9,12

http://www.flickr.com/photos/60158441@N00/177929708/ - slide 9,12

http://www.flickr.com/photos/andzer/1480068258/ - slide 9,12

http://www.flickr.com/photos/nickrussill/146743082/ - slide 9,12

http://www.flickr.com/photos/dasha/443747644/ - slide 10,13

http://www.flickr.com/photos/11371618@N00/469788104/ - slide 10,13

http://www.flickr.com/photos/mikebaird/2087879492/ - slide 10,13

http://www.flickr.com/photos/7471118@N02/432453250/ - slide 10,13

http://www.flickr.com/photos/madron/2595909135/ - slide 11

http://www.flickr.com/photos/chi-liu/491412087/ - slide 12,13

http://www.flickr.com/photos/fabbriciuse/2073789872/ - slide 16

http://www.flickr.com/photos/algo/92463787/ - slide 16

http://www.flickr.com/photos/nickwheeleroz/2295584401/ - slide 16

http://www.flickr.com/photos/andidfl/229169559/ - slide 16

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Global Warming

What have we done to the world.

The phenomenon of rising average air temperatures close to the surface of the Earth over the previous one to two centuries is known as global warming. Since the middle of the 20th century, climate scientists have accumulated extensive data on a variety of weather events, including temperatures, precipitation, and storms, as well as on factors that have an impact on climates, such as ocean currents and the chemical makeup of the atmosphere. These findings show that Earth's climate has changed on practically every possible period since the beginning of geologic time and that human activities have increasingly affected the pace and scope of current climate change since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.

Causes of Global Warming

Green house effect.

The Earth's average surface temperature is maintained through maintaining a balance between various forms of solar and terrestrial radiation. Solar radiation is frequently referred to as a ``shortwave" radiation because of its extraordinarily high frequencies and short wavelengths, which are close to the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Terrestrial radiation, on the other hand, is frequently referred to as "longwave" radiation due to the comparatively low frequencies and lengthy wavelengths—somewhere in the infrared region of the spectrum. Downward-moving solar energy is often measured in terms of Watts per square metre. At the top of the Earth's atmosphere, the "solar constant," or total solar radiation energy, is around 1,366 watts per square metre each year. The average annual surface insolation is 342 watts per square metre accounting for the fact that only 50% of the planet's surface is exposed to solar radiation.

The greenhouse effect adds to the complexity of Earth's energy balance. The so-called greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), and nitrous oxide (N 2 O), are trace gases with certain chemical properties that absorb some of the infrared light emitted by the Earth's surface. A portion of the original 70 units do not directly escape to space because of this absorption. The net result of absorption by greenhouse gases is to increase the total amount of radiation emitted downward toward Earth's surface and lower atmosphere because greenhouse gases emit the due to the radiation's uniform distribution and the fact that they absorb the same amount of it in all directions (that is, as much downward as upward).

Radiative Forcing

The temperature of the Earth's surface and lower atmosphere can be changed in three different ways, according to the greenhouse effect discussion above: (1) by a net increase in the solar radiation entering at the top of Earth's atmosphere, (2) by a change in the fraction of radiation reaching the surface, and (3) by a change in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Changes in any situation can be explained by "radiative forcing."

Influence Of Human Activity On Climate

By altering the ozone and aerosol concentrations as well as the surface of the Earth's land cover, humans also have an impact on the climate. Such as

Greenhouse Gases: emitting gases increase the amount of net downward longwave radiation that reaches the surface to warm the Earth's surface .

Water Vapor: it does not have a direct impact on global warming but causes climate change. As surface temperature rises, the rate of water evaporation from a surface increases. A higher quantity of water vapour, which can absorb longwave radiation and emit it downward, can be found in the lower atmosphere because of enhanced evaporation.

Carbon Dioxide: it has been produced by various sources from plants to animals Since the start of the industrial age, anthropogenic CO 2 emissions have caused an average radiative forcing of 1.66 watts per square metre.

Methane: The second-most significant greenhouse gas is methane (CH 4 ). Along with the Pleistocene ice age cycles, methane concentrations have also changed across a smaller range (between roughly 350 and 800 ppb) (see Natural influences on climate). Anthropogenic CH 4 emissions have a net radiative forcing of around 0.5 watt per square metre, or about one-third that of CO 2 .

Surface Level Ozone and Other Compounds : Surface, or low-level, ozone is the second-largest greenhouse gas (O 3 ). Air pollution is the cause of surface O 3 . The best estimates place the natural surface O3 content at 10 ppb, while the net radiative forcing brought on by anthropogenic surface O 3 emissions is roughly 0.35 watts per square metre. In cities that are prone to photochemical smog, ozone concentrations can approach harmful levels (conditions when concentrations meet or exceed 70 ppb for eight hours or longer).

Causes of Climate Change:

Under this head, the causes can be divided into two factors;

Global Warming: Is it a human-made cause?

Higher Levels of Deforestation:

Deforestation affects the release of aerosols and other chemical compounds that affect clouds and changes in wind patterns, causing a flux in precipitation levels. In basic terms, Trees and plants are responsible for being the primary source of oxygen. By taking the carbon dioxide in, they release oxygen in the air, thereby maintaining a state of ecological balance, causing lesser air pollution. Planned human activities like continued forest loss for industrial and commercial motives drive the increase in carbon dioxide concentrations. As we know, Carbon dioxide is one of the leading heat-trapping gases, mainly responsible for average warming and environmental imbalance over the past few decades.

Transportation and Use of Vehicles:

In this fast-paced world, people often use vehicles even for covering short distances. Gaseous emissions from cars and vehicles often drive temperature rise by trapping energy, which translates into heat. Such activities come under 'anthropogenic forcing,' i.e., human-influenced forces on the climate system. Continued transportation around congested areas contributes to air pollution, which eventually leads to increased global warming. According to IPCC reports, the transportation sector's contribution has grown by more than 50% since 1992 and continues to be one of the leading causes of global warming.

Emissions of Chlorofluorocarbons:

In today's state of successive climate imbalance and issues of global warming, we all know that human-made causes have very high tendencies towards rising global surface temperatures. Other factors that add up to the causes are widespread commercialization and increased use of technological appliances such as Air conditioners and refrigerators. The atmospheric ozone layer is responsible for protecting the Earth's temperature from the sun's harmful UV radiation. Such practices have added an extra layer of CFCs or Chlorofluorocarbons in the air, depleting the intensity of the ozone layer.

Emissions From Industries and Power Plants:

According to a report stated in 2018, some of the significant global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are almost equal to 52 billion tonnes of Carbon dioxide. Out of which 72% is released from industries and power plants. With the advent of industrialization, the rising usage of electricity and heat, global warming has increased to a great extent. The release of pollutants from these sources has a significant impact on the environment and disturbs the delicate balance of nature.

Agriculture and Land Surface Changes:

Frequent practices of agriculture take up almost 50% of the world's habitable land. Short term agricultural cultivation affects nearly 24% of the permanent land-use change. These activities also add up to the rise in temperature and GHG emissions from the land surface. The changes in land surface disturb the natural process of carbon storage and affect the reflection and absorption of sunlight heat. Soil erosion , Deforestation, and chemical fertilizers application lead to increased runoff that carries pollutants into water resources and eventually to the oceans.

Combustion of Fossil Fuels, Overpopulation:

Most of the heat-trapping emissions from burning coal, gas, and oil from industries and cars, along with widespread Deforestation and rising levels of black carbon pollution or 'soot' in the form of aerosols affecting Earth's albedo come under this type. Also, the primary gas causing Global warming is Carbon dioxide, which is influenced by rising overpopulation.

Natural Causes of Global Warming

Volcanic Eruptions: They constitute one of the significant natural causes affecting global warming because of the increased release of gases and smoke from the eruptions.

Natural Forest Fires: When significant scale vegetation burns, leading to forest blaze, there is a release of stored carbon and a rise in greenhouse gas emissions. These emissions further trap solar energy leading to Global warming.

Melting Permafrost and Glaciers: Towards the north and south poles of the planet, considerably large amounts of carbon are frozen in the form of permafrost. Disturbances such as solar activities, forest fires, volcanic eruptions can lead to the sudden release of GHGs and carbon sequestration into the atmosphere, giving way to ecological imbalances.

Solar Activities: Changes in solar irradiance in wavelengths and other variations such as solar flares or sunspots, if larger enough, could have an unprecedented impact over global warming and atmospheric temperatures.

Global Warming: Its Effects and Impacts

The major impacts of global warming include societal, economic, and health impacts. It can cause a lot of harm if it continues the same way as it is happening now. Here are its certain impacts:

Rise in Temperature Leading to Ice Melt: Melting glaciers and snow melts will cause severe water shortages and droughts with higher frequencies giving way to heatwaves and extreme weather conditions in the mid-latitudes. Thinning ice of the northern seas will make the atmospheric conditions vulnerable to control.

Ecological Risks: Global warming has contributed to the extension of drier climatic zones such as deserts in the subtropics. Mostly ecosystems and animal life will be affected by higher carbon dioxide levels and global temperatures leading to climate change, which will result in the extinction of many species and reduced ecological diversity.

The Threat to Marine Life: Global warming can lead to the destruction of marine and coral life underwater. Higher content of carbon dioxide in the water inflicts damage to valuable natural resources.

Loss of Settlements: Global warming can also lead to Inundation from sea level rise, which can further threaten infrastructure and establishments of human settlements. This severely leads to a decrease in the human population. Droughts, temperature rise, loss of glacial rivers puts the state of agriculture on ain the rampage.

Health Factors: There are various indirect effects such as malnutrition inflicted by crop failures. Scanty rainfall leading to desertification can also cause several diseases due to global warming.

Flooding in low-altitude regions: Rise in sea level and high flooding tendencies can damage human habitation and cause mass destruction.

Potential Effects of Global Warming

Various assumptions about projected rates of population growth , economic expansion, energy demand, technology improvement, climate mitigation, and other aspects are used to create the scenarios. Simulations of future climate change include patterns of warning It is anticipated that the area of the North Atlantic Ocean south of Greenland will only be slightly warm. It is predicted that this anomaly would develop as warm northward ocean currents diminish and the jet stream shifts, bringing cooler polar air masses to the area, precipitation pattern is anticipated that changes in precipitation patterns would increase the likelihood of both drought and flood conditions in many regions, regional predictions include Increased winter precipitation in the arid southwest of the United States could make the drought worse in places like South Africa, ice melt and sea level rise, ocean circulation changes and tropical cyclones.

Environmental Consequences of Global Warming

Biological systems may change because of climate change and global warming. More precisely, variations in near-surface air temperatures are anticipated to have an impact on ecosystem processes and, consequently, the diversity of plants, animals, and other life forms. Plant and animal species have developed their current geographic ranges because of adaptation to long-term seasonal climate patterns. If global average surface temperatures climb by another 1.5 to 2.5 °C (2.7 to 4.5 °F) by the year 2100, a significant portion of plant and animal species are anticipated to be in increased danger of extinction. For warming above 4.5 °C (8.1 °F), a level that could be attained in the IPCC's higher emissions scenarios, species loss estimates increase to as much as 40%. The food webs within ecosystems would certainly undergo significant alterations because of a 40% extinction rate, which would be detrimental to ecosystem function.

Surface warming in temperate regions is likely to affect a variety of seasonal processes, including changes to the timing of egg laying and hatching, earlier leaf production by trees, earlier vegetation greening, and changes to the seasonal migration patterns of birds, fish, and other migratory animals. Polar bears and walruses, two species that depend on broken sea ice for their hunting activities, are threatened by changes in the seasonal patterns of sea ice in high-latitude habitats. The populations of algae and plankton are likely to decrease or be redistributed in the high latitudes due to a combination of warming temperatures, a drop in sea ice, changes in ocean salinity, and changes in ocean circulation. According to the study, if surface warming rose to preindustrial levels of roughly 4.3 °C (7.7 °F), 16% of Earth's species would disappear.

Socioeconomics Consequences of Global Warming

Depending on how much the global temperature rises during the coming century increases, the socioeconomic effects of global warming may be significant. According to models, regions (especially the tropics and high latitudes) would suffer economic losses and other regions would profit economically from net global warming of 1 to 3 °C (1.8 to 5.4 °F) above the late 20th-century global average.

Interesting Facts

The world has had the maximum rise of CO 2 in 800,000 years.

The year 2017 was the second hottest year followed by 2014.

The US national park is only left with 26 glaciers out of 150.

Key Features

Earth's climate has changed since the beginning of geologic time and that human activities have increasingly affected the pace and scope of current climate change

The temperature of the Earth's surface and lower atmosphere can be explained by radioactive force.

Greenhouse gas, water vapour, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane influence environmental change.

FAQs on Global Warming

1. What is the difference between Global warming and Climate Change?

The terms Global Warming and Climate Change are often used interchangeably, but there is a slight difference between the two. Global warming refers to the gradual increase of the average global temperature, while Climate Change refers to any significant change in the Earth's climate. So, Global warming can result in Climate Change, but not all cases of Climate Change are due to Global warming. Knowing about both of these is important in understanding the potential effects of climate change. One should know that Global Warming does not occur because of Climate Change. It occurs because of emissions. 

2. How will global warming impact the environment?

There are many ways in which global warming will impact the environment. Global warming will cause an increase in temperatures, which will lead to the melting of glaciers and ice caps. This will result in a rise in sea levels, which will flood low-lying areas and coastal towns. There will also be an increase in extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and typhoons and droughts and wildfires. Some of the most notable effects include:

Melting glaciers and ice caps

The extension of desert zones

Changes in rainfall patterns

The increased intensity of storms and hurricanes

The loss of plant and animal species

Each of these impacts will have serious consequences for both the environment and human society. 

3. What are the effects of global warming on health?

The effects of global warming on health are far-reaching, as they will influence a range of factors from malnutrition to flooding. The negative consequences of global warming on human society include:

Higher rates of heat stress and heat stroke due to warmer temperatures

Loss of food security for some countries due to temperature rise and desertification, which can lead to malnutrition

Higher rates of respiratory problems due to the extension of deserts and wildfires

Increased disease transmission due to insects moving towards higher altitudes

The effects on health are only expected to worsen if global warming continues without being addressed. As a result, it is important that we take steps to eliminate or at least reduce our impact on global warming. 

4. What is the main cause of global warming?

The main cause of global warming is the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane trap heat within the Earth's atmosphere rather than allowing it to escape into space. Human activities have been responsible for a steady increase in greenhouse gas emissions over recent decades, which has resulted in global warming. In order to prevent further warming, there must be a decrease in the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Vedantu has covered up all the questions which you can find in this article about global warming. So, now you don't need to wander here and there to get information about global warming. 

5. What are the effects of global warming on marine life?

The effects of global warming on marine life are already being felt, as warmer temperatures have led to the expansion of underwater deserts. As a result, there has been a decline in the populations of marine species and disruptions to their food chains. Coral reefs, in particular, are suffering from the effects of global warming, as they are being killed by warmer water temperatures and acidification. If global warming continues unchecked, it is feared that we could see a mass extinction of marine life. 

6. What is Global warming?

A consistent rise in surface temperatures, because of increased emissions of greenhouse gases and other air pollutants leading to severe climate change is known as "Global warming". 

7. What are the leading issues of global warming?

A few common man-made causes include industrialization, use of vehicles, combustion of fossil fuels, deforestation, emission of CFCs etc. And natural causes include forest fires, melting glaciers leading to rise in sea level, volcanoes and imbalances in solar radiations. 

8. What do you mean by ocean acidification?

When the acid content in the oceans increases owing to raised levels of polluted air circulation. It's known as Ocean acidification. It hampers marine life severely. 

9. How can you control global warming?

Among the major solutions, a few common ones are Energy efficiency, setting a high price on carbon, vehicle fuel economy, usage of biofuels from organic waste, and protection of more and more forests. 

10. How can global warming hamper our lives?

Harmful impacts include Rise in overall global temperature, threat to aquatic life, flooding, desertification due to scanty rainfall, and loss of habitation. 

Biology • Class 7

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Global Warming: Impact on the Global Climate

Last updated on April 2, 2024 by ClearIAS Team

The gradual rise in earth’s temperature known as global warming is typically brought on by the greenhouse effect, which is brought on by elevated amounts of carbon dioxide, CFCs, and other pollutants. It has an immense impact on the global climate as well. Read here to know more about it.

Global warming is the long-term heating of the Earth’s surface observed since the pre-industrial period (between 1850 and 1900) due to human activities.

The leading cause was primarily fossil fuel burning, which increases heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in Earth’s atmosphere.

This term is not interchangeable with the term “ climate change .”

Human activities are thought to have contributed to an increase in Earth’s average global temperature of about 1 degree Celsius (1.8 degrees Fahrenheit) since the pre-industrial era.

This temperature increase is currently happening at a rate of more than 0.2 degrees Celsius (0.36 degrees Fahrenheit) per decade.

Human activity since the 1950s has contributed to the current warming trend, which has been accelerating at an unheard-of rate for millennia.

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( Weather vs Climate:

• Weather refers to atmospheric conditions that occur locally over short periods, from minutes to hours or days. Familiar examples include rain, snow, clouds, winds, floods, or thunderstorms.
• Climate, on the other hand, refers to the long-term (usually at least 30 years) regional or even a global average of temperature, humidity, and rainfall patterns over seasons, years, or decades.)

Table of Contents

Global warming vs Climate change

Although these expressions are occasionally used interchangeably, they are not the same.

• Changes in global weather patterns and growing seasons are referred to as climate change. It also refers to the rise in sea level brought on by melting ice sheets and glaciers and the expansion of warmer oceans.
• Climate change brought on by global warming poses a severe threat to life on earth in the form of catastrophic weather events and extensive flooding .

Climate change is a long-term change in the average weather patterns that have come to define Earth’s local, regional and global climates. These changes have a broad range of observed effects that are synonymous with the term.

Human activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels, which raises the concentrations of heat-trapping greenhouse gases in Earth’s atmosphere and thus increases the planet’s average surface temperature, are to blame for the climate changes that have been observed since the middle of the 20th century.

In addition to internal variability (such as cyclical ocean patterns like El Nino, La Nina , and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation ) and external forcings (such as volcanic activity , changes in the Sun’s energy output, and variations in Earth’s orbit), natural processes that have been outweighed by human activities can also contribute to climate change.

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Key indicators of climate change are:

• global land and ocean temperature increases
• rising sea levels
• ice loss at Earth’s poles and in mountain glaciers
• frequency and severity changes in extreme weather such as hurricanes, heatwaves , wildfires, droughts, floods, and precipitation
• cloud and vegetation cover changes

The gradual increase in the planet’s surface temperature is known as global warming.

Although this warming trend has been around for a while, the burning of fossil fuels has greatly accelerated its pace over the past century. The amount of fossil fuels burned has increased along with the size of the human population.

Burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas results in the “greenhouse effect,” which affects the atmosphere of Earth.

• The greenhouse effect is when the Sun’s rays penetrate the atmosphere, but when that heat is reflected off the surface cannot escape back into space.
• Gases produced by the burning of fossil fuels prevent the heat from leaving the atmosphere.
• These greenhouse gasses are carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, water vapor, methane, and nitrous oxide.
• The excess heat in the atmosphere has caused the average global temperature to rise over time, otherwise known as global warming.

Global warming is one of the causes of climate change.

Also read: State of Global Climate Report 2023

Impact of global warming on global climate

Scientists agree that the earth’s rising temperatures are fueling longer and hotter heat waves, more frequent droughts, heavier rainfall, and more powerful hurricanes.

The impacts of global warming are being felt everywhere.

• Extreme heat waves have caused tens of thousands of deaths around the world in recent years.
• Antarctica has lost nearly four trillion metric  tons of ice since the 1990s.
• It is causing the permafrost to thaw in the Arctic region.

The rate of loss could speed up if we keep burning fossil fuels at our current pace, some experts say, causing sea levels to rise several meters in the next 50 to 150 years and wreaking havoc on coastal communities worldwide.

The earth’s ocean temperatures are getting warmer, so tropical storms can pick up more energy.

In other words, global warming can turn a category 3 storm into a more dangerous category 4 storm.

• Scientists have found that the frequency of North Atlantic hurricanes has increased since the early 1980s, as has the number of storms that reach categories 4 and 5.

The impact of global warming is also seen in but not limited to:

• The risk of wildfires will continue to rise as a result of melting glaciers, early snowmelt, and severe droughts.
• Increased coastal flooding will be caused by rising sea levels throughout the coastal regions.
• Cities, farms, and forests will see more bothersome pests, heat waves, torrential downpours, and flooding. Agriculture and fisheries may be harmed or destroyed by all of these.
• Many plant and animal species may go extinct if environments like coral reefs and alpine meadows are damaged.
• Because pollen-producing ragweed is growing more quickly, there is more air pollution, and more people are exposed to these conditions, allergies, asthma attacks, and infectious disease outbreaks will become more frequent.

Even though everyone is impacted by climate change, not everyone is equally impacted. Typically, those who are indigenous, persons of color, or economically marginalized are severely harmed. Even though these same groups have made the least effort to contribute to climate change, they are more exposed to its severe effects due to inequities embedded into our housing, healthcare, and labor systems. This is known as environmental racism .

Also read: Planetary Boundaries

Global warming contributions by countries

In recent years, China has taken the lead in global-warming pollution, producing about 26 percent of all CO 2 emissions.

The United States comes in second. Despite making up just 4 percent of the world’s population, the nation produces about 13 percent of all global CO 2 emissions which is nearly as much as the European Union and India (third and fourth place) combined.

And America is still number one, by far, in cumulative emissions over the past 150 years. As a top contributor to global warming, the United States must help propel the world to a cleaner, safer, and more equitable future.

Global climate data

• Global temperatures rose about 1.8°F (1°C) from 1901 to 2020.
• Sea level rise has accelerated from 1.7 mm/year throughout most of the twentieth century to 3.2 mm/year since 1993.
• Glaciers are shrinking: the average thickness of 30 well-studied glaciers has decreased by more than 60 feet since 1980.
• The area covered by sea ice in the Arctic at the end of summer has shrunk by about 40% since 1979.
• The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has risen by 25% since 1958, and by about 40% since the Industrial Revolution.
• Snow is melting earlier compared to long-term averages.

Way forward

Levels of the two most important anthropogenic greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide, and methane, continued their unrelenting rise in 2020 despite the economic slowdown caused by the coronavirus pandemic response.

Moving away from fossil fuels is the first step in preventing climate change. Renewable energy sources including solar , wind , biomass , and geothermal need to be highlighted.

Producing clean energy is crucial, but it’s as necessary to use more cost-effective technologies to reduce our energy and water usage, such as LED lightbulbs and cutting-edge shower systems.

Promoting carpooling, public transportation, and electric and hydrogen mobility are all effective ways to cut CO2 emissions and combat global warming.

Both the construction of new low-energy buildings and the renovation of existing structures are required to reduce the CO2 emissions from buildings, which are brought on by heating, cooling, hot water, and lighting.

It should also be a primary goal to promote more efficient use of natural resources, halt widespread deforestation, and improve the sustainability and productivity of agriculture .

Developing responsible consumption habits is essential, whether it’s for food (especially meat), apparel, cosmetics, or cleaning supplies. Last but not least, recycling is a crucial component of waste management.

Previous year question

Q. Discuss global warming and mention its effects on global climate. Explain the control measures to bring down the level of greenhouse gases that cause global warming, in the light of the Kyoto Protocol , 1997. (Answer in 250 words) 15 marks (GS Paper 3, 2022)

Read:  Climate Resilient Health Systems; Impact of climate change on Indian monsoon;

-Article written by Swathi Satish

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Climate Matters • November 25, 2020

New Presentation: Our Changing Climate

Key concepts:.

Climate Central unveils Our Changing Climate —an informative and customizable climate change presentation that meteorologists, journalists, and others can use for educational outreach and/or a personal Climate 101 tool.

The presentation follows a ”Simple, Serious, Solvable” framework, inspired by climate scientist Scott Denning. This allows the presenter to comfortably explain, and the viewers to easily understand, the causes (Simple), impacts (Serious), and solutions (Solvable) of climate change. 

Our Changing Climate is a revamped version of our 2016 climate presentation, and includes the following updates and features:

Up-to-date graphics and topics

Local data and graphics

Fully editable slides (add, remove, customize)

Presenter notes, background information, and references for each slide

Supplementary and bonus slides

Download Outline (PDF, 110KB)

Download Full Presentation (PPT, 148MB)

Updated: April 2021

Climate Central is presenting a new outreach and education resource for meteorologists, journalists, and others—a climate change presentation, Our Changing Climate . This 55-slide presentation is a guide through the basics of climate change, outlining its causes, impacts, and solutions. This climate change overview is unique because it includes an array of local graphics from our ever-expanding media library. By providing these local angles, the presenter can demonstrate that climate change is not only happening at a global-scale, but in our backyards.

This presentation was designed to support your climate change storytelling, but can also double as a great Climate 101 tool for journalists or educators who want to understand climate change better. Every slide contains main points along with background information, so people that are interested can learn at their own pace or utilize graphics for their own content. 

In addition to those features, it follows the “Simple, Serious, Solvable” framework inspired by Scott Denning, a climate scientist and professor of atmospheric science at Colorado State University (and a good friend of the program). These three S’s help create the presentation storyline and outline the causes (Simple), impacts (Serious), and solutions (Solvable) of climate change. 

Simple. It is simple—burning fossil fuels is heating up the Earth. This section outlines the well-understood science that goes back to the 1800s, presenting local and global evidence that our climate is warming due to human activities.

Serious. More extreme weather, rising sea levels, and increased health and economic risks—the consequences of climate change. In this section, well, we get serious. Climate change impacts are already being felt around the world, and they will continue to intensify until we cut greenhouse gas emissions. 

Solvable. With such a daunting crisis like climate change, it is easy to get wrapped up in the negative impacts. This section explains how we can curb climate change and lists the main pathways and solutions to achieving this goal. 

With the rollout of our new climate change presentation, we at Climate Central would value any feedback on this presentation. Feel free to reach out to us about how the presentation worked for you, how your audience reacted, or any ideas or topics you would like to see included. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS & SPECIAL THANKS

Climate Central would like to acknowledge Paul Gross at WDIV-TV in Detroit and the AMS Station Science Committee for the original version of the climate presentation, Climate Change Outreach Presentation , that was created in 2016. We would also like to give special thanks to Scott Denning, professor of atmospheric science at Colorado State University and a member of our NSF advisory board, for allowing us to use this “Simple, Serious, Solvable” framework in this presentation resource.

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• IGNOU Codes

IGNOU BEGAE-182 - English Communication Skills

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Rating: 3.6

English Communication Skills

IGNOU’s Bachelor of Arts (BAG) English offers a course, BEGAE–182, that provides students an opportunity to learn communication skills in the language. BEGAE–182 disciplines include the communication process, globalization, verbal and non-verbal communication, asking questions, discussions, meetings, presentation skills, writing and reading skills, and vocabulary development.

Get Good Marks in your BAEGH English Programme in the Term-End Exams even if you are busy in your job or profession.

We've sold over 40,449,339 Help Books and Delivered 49,332,883 Assignments Since 2002. As our customers will tell you...yes, it really result-oriented.

IGNOU BEGAE-182 Code Details

• University IGNOU (Indira Gandhi National Open University)
• Title English Communication Skills
• Language(s) English
• Code BEGAE-182
• Subject English
• Degree(s) BAVTM , BSCG , BSC (Honours) , BA (Honours) , BAG , BAECH , BAHIH , BAPSH , BAPCH , BAPAH , BASOH , BAEGH
• Course Ability Enhancement Compulsory Courses (AECC)

IGNOU BEGAE-182 English Topics Covered

Block 1 - understanding communication.

• Unit 1 - The Process of Communication
• Unit 2 - The Globalisation of Communication: A Global Village
• Unit 3 - Verbal and Non-verbal Communication

Block 2 - Listening and Speaking in Informal and Formal Contexts

• Unit 1 - Informal Interpersonal Functions
• Unit 2 - Making Enquiries/Asking Questions
• Unit 3 - Group Discussions and Meetings
• Unit 4 - Presentation Skills: Essentials of Presentation Skills

Block 3 - Reading and Writing Skills

• Unit 1 - The Reading Skill
• Unit 2 - Vocabulary Development
• Unit 3 - The Writing Skill: Some Basic Guidelines
• Unit 4 - The Language of Formal Letters

IGNOU BEGAE-182 (July 2023 - January 2024) Assignment Questions

Ignou begae-182 (july 2022 - january 2023) assignment questions, related codes.

• BEGC-101 Indian Classical Literature
• BEGC-102 European Classical Literature
• BEGC-103 Indian Writing in English
• BEGC-104 British Poetry and Drama 14th-17th Century
• BEGC-105 American Literature
• BEGC-106 Popular Literature
• BEGC-107 British Poetry and Drama: 17th and 18th Centuries
• BEGC-108 British Literature: 18th Century
• BEGC-109 British Romantic Literature
• BEGC-110 British Literature: 19th Century
• BEGC-111 Women's Writing
• BEGC-112 British Literature: The Early 20th Century
• BEGC-113 Modern European Drama
• BEGC-114 Postcolonial Literatures
• BEGE-141 Understanding Prose
• BEGE-142 Understanding Drama
• BEGE-143 Understanding Poetry
• BEGE-144 Understanding The Novel
• BEGG-171 Media and Communication Skills
• BEGG-172 Language and Linguistics
• BEGG-173 Academic Writing & Composition
• BEGS-183 Writing and Study Skills
• BEGS-185 English Language Teaching
• BEGS-186 व्यावसायिक संचार - Business Communication

Why Download BEGAE-182 Materials and What is its best use?

To attend IGNOU BEGAE-182 Term-End Examination, you must first submit your Assignments to the university and it is possible from the BEGAE-182 study material. You can solve all necessary Assignments using Help Books. This will help in gaining good marks.

All best wishes with our efforts that you do not meet any obstacle before attending examinations next year. You can pass the BAEGH English Programme Annual Exams with a good grade using Books/Materials from any one place at home or anywhere else!

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Presentation on “climate change “turning from problems to solutions

A presentation on climate change was organized by IUCN Pakistan under its Balochistan Partnership for Sustainable Development (BPSD) programme, Quetta. The presentation was delivered by Zabardast Khan Bangash Manager IUCN Balochistan at the auditorium of Balochistan university.

Photo: IUCN Pakistan

More than two Hundred students and faculty members were attended presentation from different departments of University. The title of the presentation was, ”Climate Change; Turning from Problems to Solutions”.  He defined the Climate Change and global warming and gave a detailed account of the negative impacts of the climate change being observed locally and globally. He said that these impacts are visibly seen in shape of receding glaciers and changing precipitation levels on communities worldwide. At present, over half of the global population lives in watersheds of major rivers originating in mountains with glaciers and snow and 1.6 billion people directly benefit from these river basins. Changes in the intensity and timing of rains, added by the melting of snow, can have serious consequences for food security, livelihoods, water resources and health.   He shared that desertification; land degradation and drought affects will dramatically alter the land use and productivity of crops. The sad part is that this impact will be more severe on the poor people living in the developing countries. The pathways out of poverty often depend on the resources that are lost: land, water and forests. He also informed that a new comprehensive analysis finds that 75 percent of the world's coral reefs are currently threatened by local and global pressures. For the first time, the analysis includes threats from climate change, including warming seas and rising ocean acidification. He also shared some of the alternate options to the fossil fuels like wind and solar energy, he said that with consistent climate and energy policy support, renewable energy sources can contribute substantially to human well-being by sustainable use of resources and stabilizing the climate," Mr Abdul Razzaq Sabir chairman FTDC and Director Trainings Mr. Zahoor Ahmed Bazai also shared their views about Climate Change and its impacts on world. Dr. Mudassira Dean Life Science department concluded the session with the vote of Thanks. For more information or to set up interviews, please contact: Zabardast Khan Bangash , Manager IUCN Balochistan Programme, IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Quetta Phone: +92 8128240450-2, Fax: +92 812820706 Email: [email protected]

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Global Warming Facts

Global warming facts presentation, free google slides theme, powerpoint template, and canva presentation template.

Global warming is a real problem that is already causing catastrophes in the world. In order to convince everyone to collaborate in stopping this threat to our planet, there is nothing better than scientific facts. Use this thematic template with illustrations about the melting poles to share some of the most impacting data about global warming and get everyone to start changing their lifestyle in order to lessen the consequences of our climate footprint. The resources on this template are 100% editable and are the perfect way of speaking about complicated data in a clear and visual way. Download and edit it now, it’s never too late to save our planet!

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