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Defining a Healthy Diet: Evidence for the Role of Contemporary Dietary Patterns in Health and Disease

Hellas cena.

1 Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy

2 Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy

Philip C. Calder

3 Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK

4 NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK

The definition of what constitutes a healthy diet is continually shifting to reflect the evolving understanding of the roles that different foods, essential nutrients, and other food components play in health and disease. A large and growing body of evidence supports that intake of certain types of nutrients, specific food groups, or overarching dietary patterns positively influences health and promotes the prevention of common non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Greater consumption of health-promoting foods and limited intake of unhealthier options are intrinsic to the eating habits of certain regional diets such as the Mediterranean diet or have been constructed as part of dietary patterns designed to reduce disease risk, such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) or Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diets. In comparison with a more traditional Western diet, these healthier alternatives are higher in plant-based foods, including fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, legumes, seeds, and nuts and lower in animal-based foods, particularly fatty and processed meats. To better understand the current concept of a “healthy diet,” this review describes the features and supporting clinical and epidemiologic data for diets that have been shown to prevent disease and/or positively influence health. In total, evidence from epidemiological studies and clinical trials indicates that these types of dietary patterns reduce risks of NCDs including cardiovascular disease and cancer.

1. Introduction

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, obesity, and cognitive impairment are among the leading causes of death and disability throughout the world, affecting populations in developed as well as developing countries [ 1 ]. Although there are established genetic and environmental contributors to NCD risk, modifiable lifestyle-related factors play a large role at the individual level [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Dietary choices, for example, contribute to the risk for developing hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, overweight/obesity, and inflammation, which in turn increase the risk for diseases that are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer [ 5 ]. Indeed, the marked rise in chronic NCDs has a causal link to global dietary patterns that are becoming increasingly Westernized [ 6 ], being characterized by high levels of fatty and processed meats, saturated fats, refined grains, salt, and sugars but lacking in fresh fruits and vegetables.

In recognition of the importance of the diet as a determinant of disease risk, the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases includes strategies for addressing unhealthy diet patterns among its initiatives directed at reducing behavioral risk factors; the other components comprise physical inactivity, tobacco use, and harmful alcohol use [ 1 ]. Dietary changes recommended by WHO include balancing energy intake, limiting saturated and trans fats and shifting toward consumption of unsaturated fats, increasing intake of fruits and vegetables, and limiting the intake of sugar and salt. Many of these dietary targets naturally occur in regional diets such as the Mediterranean diet [ 7 ] or are included as part of evidence-based diets designed to reduce disease risk, such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) [ 8 ] or Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) [ 9 ] diets. To better understand the current concept of a “healthy diet”, this narrative review describes the features and supporting clinical and epidemiologic data for diets that align with the general WHO guidance and have been shown to prevent disease and/or positively influence health.

2. Components of a Healthy Diet and Their Benefits

A healthy diet is one in which macronutrients are consumed in appropriate proportions to support energetic and physiologic needs without excess intake while also providing sufficient micronutrients and hydration to meet the physiologic needs of the body [ 10 ]. Macronutrients (i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) provide the energy necessary for the cellular processes required for daily functioning [ 11 ]. Micronutrients (i.e., vitamins and minerals) are required in comparatively small amounts for normal growth, development, metabolism, and physiologic functioning [ 12 , 13 ].

Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy in the diet and are found in the greatest abundance in grains, fruits, legumes, and vegetables [ 14 ]. In terms of deriving a health benefit, whole grains are preferred over processed grains, the latter having been stripped of germ and bran during the milling process, resulting in lower amounts of fiber and micronutrients [ 15 ]. Meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies have linked increased whole-grain intake to a reduced risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, as well as to the decreased risk of mortality due to any cause, cardiovascular disease, cancer, respiratory disease, diabetes, and infectious disease [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Fresh fruits and vegetables supply energy as well as dietary fiber, which promotes the feeling of satiety and has positive effects on gastrointestinal function, cholesterol levels, and glycemic control [ 18 ]. In addition, fresh fruits and vegetables are key sources of phytochemicals (e.g., polyphenols, phytosterols, carotenoids), which are bioactive compounds believed to confer many of the health benefits associated with fruit and vegetable consumption [ 19 ]. The mechanistic effects of these various phytochemicals are unclear but include their antioxidative properties, as well as their role in regulating nuclear transcription factors, fat metabolism, and inflammatory mediators. For example, flavonoids have been shown to increase insulin secretion and reduce insulin resistance, suggesting that these phytochemicals provide some benefits in obesity and diabetes [ 20 ]. Additionally, polyphenols interact with gastrointestinal microbiota in a bi-directional manner by enhancing gut bacteria and being metabolized by these bacteria to form more bioactive compounds [ 20 ]. Fruit and vegetable intake has been shown to inversely correlate with the risk of NCDs, including hypertension [ 21 ], cardiovascular disease [ 22 , 23 ], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [ 24 ], lung cancer [ 25 ], and metabolic syndrome [ 26 ].

Dietary proteins provide a source of energy as well as amino acids, including those that the human body requires but cannot produce on its own (i.e., essential amino acids). Dietary proteins are derived from both animal (meat, dairy, fish, and eggs) and plant (legumes, soya products, grains, nuts, and seeds) sources, with the former considered a richer source due to the array of amino acids, high digestibility, and greater bioavailability [ 27 ]. However, animal-based sources of protein contain saturated fatty acids, which have been linked to cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and certain cancers. Although the mechanisms are unclear, red meat, and processed meat in particular, have been associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer [ 28 , 29 ]. Animal-derived proteins also increase the dietary acid load, tipping the body’s acid-base balance toward acidosis [ 30 , 31 ]. The increased metabolic acid load has been linked to insulin resistance, impaired glucose homeostasis, and the development of urinary calcium stones [ 30 , 31 ].

Adequate dietary protein intake is important for maintaining lean body mass throughout the life span. In older adults, protein plays an important role in preventing age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass [ 32 ], preserving bone mass, and reducing fracture risk [ 33 ]. For older individuals not obtaining adequate protein from their diets, supplementation with amino acids can improve strength and functional status [ 34 ].

Fats (or lipids) are the primary structural components of cellular membranes and are also sources of cellular energy [ 35 ]. Dietary fats fall into 4 categories: monounsaturated fats, polyunsaturated fats, saturated fats, and trans fats. The fat content of food is generally an admixture of these different types [ 35 ]. Unsaturated fats are found in a variety of foods, including fish, many plant-derived oils, nuts, and seeds, whereas animal products (and some plant-derived oils) contribute a larger proportion of saturated fats [ 35 , 36 ]. Trans fats found in foods are predominantly the result of processing vegetable oils but are also present in small quantities in animal products (i.e., ruminant trans fats from cows, sheep, and goats) [ 35 , 36 ]. Among the types of dietary fats, unsaturated fats are associated with reduced cardiovascular and mortality risks, whereas trans fats and, to a lesser degree, saturated fats are associated with negative impacts on health, including increased mortality risk [ 36 , 37 ]. Two families of polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 and omega-6, are described as essential fatty acids, because they are required for normal growth and reproduction but are not produced by the body and, therefore, must be obtained from dietary sources [ 10 ]. Omega-3 fatty acids, in particular, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been widely studied for their potential health benefits, with evidence suggesting positive effects including cardioprotection, preventing cognitive decline, reducing inflammation, sustaining muscle mass, and improving systemic insulin resistance [ 38 , 39 , 40 ]. Seafood, especially oily fish, provides EPA and DHA, and supplements are widely available for those not meeting recommended intakes with diet alone [ 41 , 42 ]. Nuts and some seeds and plant oils provide alpha-linolenic acid, the major plant omega-3 fatty acid [ 43 ].

Although required in trace amounts compared with macronutrients, micronutrients are necessary for normal growth, metabolism, physiologic functioning, and cellular integrity [ 12 , 13 ]. The shift from whole foods to processed, refined foods has reduced the micronutrient quality of the modern Western diet [ 44 ]. Vitamin and mineral inadequacies have been implicated in cellular aging and late-onset disease, as scarcity drives chronic metabolic disruption. Keeping with these observations, adequate dietary intake of, or supplementation with, micronutrients that have antioxidant properties (e.g., vitamins A, C, and E, copper, zinc, and selenium) has been suggested as a means to reduce the risk for and progression of age-related diseases [ 45 ].

Water is the principal component of the body, constituting the majority of lean body mass and total body weight [ 13 ]. Water not only provides hydration but also carries micronutrients, including trace elements and electrolytes [ 46 , 47 ]. Drinking water may supply as much as 20% of the daily recommended intake of calcium and magnesium [ 47 ]. Our understanding of water requirements and water’s effect on health and disease is limited, although the global increase in intake of high-calorie beverages has refocused attention on the importance of water for maintaining health and preventing disease [ 46 ].

3. Common Health-Promoting Dietary Patterns

Based on our understanding of nutritional requirements and their likely health impacts as described above, healthy dietary patterns can be generally described as those that are rich in health-promoting foods, including plant-based foods, fresh fruits and vegetables, antioxidants, soya, nuts, and sources of omega-3 fatty acids, and low in saturated fats and trans fats, animal-derived proteins, and added/refined sugars [ 48 ]. Patterns such as these are naturally occurring in certain regions of the world and rooted in local/regional tradition and food sources, as is the case for the traditional Mediterranean and Asian diets. Healthy dietary patterns have also been developed based on studies of nutrient intake and subsequent health measures or outcomes (e.g., the DASH [ 8 ] and MIND [ 9 ] diets) that share some common characteristics ( Figure 1 ).

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A generalized healthy diet and lifestyle pyramid.

3.1. Mediterranean Diet

The Mediterranean diet is based on components of the traditional dietary patterns of Euro-Mediterranean countries and encompasses not only the types of foods consumed and their relative contributions to daily nutrient intake, but also an approach to eating that is cognizant of how foods are sourced (e.g., sustainability and eco-friendliness), cooked, and eaten, as well as lifestyle considerations such as engaging in regular physical activity, getting adequate rest, and participating in fellowship when preparing and sharing meals [ 7 ]. Within the core framework of the Mediterranean diet, variations based on geography and culture are reflected in the emphasis on the inclusion of traditional and local food products. The primary basis of daily meals in the Mediterranean diet is cereals such as whole-grain bread, pastas, couscous, and other unrefined grains that are rich in fiber and a variety of fruits and vegetables of different colors and textures that are high in micronutrients, fiber, and phytochemicals ( Table 1 ) [ 7 , 9 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ]. Dairy products, preferably low-fat yogurt, cheese, or other fermented dairy products, are recommended daily in moderation as a source of calcium, which is needed for bone and heart health. Olive oil serves as the primary source of dietary lipids and is supplemented with olives, nuts, and seeds. Water (1.5–2.0 L/day or ~8 glasses) is recommended as the main source of hydration, whereas wine and other fermented alcoholic beverages are generally permitted in moderation, to be consumed with meals. Fish, white meat, and eggs are the primary sources of protein; red meat and processed meats are consumed less frequently and in smaller portions. Legumes are also a preferred source of plant-based proteins [ 7 ].

Comparison of nutritional/lifestyle components among different healthy diet options.

a Recommendations shown here are based on a 2000 calorie per day eating plan. b Contribution of total fat and quality of fat from cheese to stay within the recommended daily intake.

The health benefits of the Mediterranean diet were first described in 1975 by Ancel Keys, who observed a reduction in cardiovascular disease risk among populations whose nutritional model was consistent with practices of peoples from the Mediterranean Basin [ 53 ]. Since that time, research has revealed beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet on a number of NCDs and related health measures, including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease [ 54 ], cancer [ 55 ], glycemic control [ 56 ], and cognitive function [ 57 , 58 ]. Although publication of a key intervention study (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea; PREDIMED) conducted at multiple sites across Spain and evaluating the Mediterranean diet for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease was retracted due to irregularities in randomization [ 59 ], a subsequent analysis adjusting for these issues reported a consistent positive effect of adhering to a Mediterranean diet supplemented with olive oil or nuts compared with a reduced-fat diet [ 59 ]. Substudies of PREDIMED have also shown that, compared with a low-fat control diet, the Mediterranean diet supplemented with olive oil or nuts is associated with a 30% reduced risk of major cardiovascular risk events [ 59 ] and reductions in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 5.8–7.3 mmHg and 3.3–3.4 mmHg, respectively [ 60 ]. In addition, cardiovascular factors such as mean internal carotid artery intima-media thickness (−0.084 mm; p < 0.05) and maximum plaque height (−0.091 mm; p < 0.05) are improved with the Mediterranean diet supplemented with nuts [ 61 ]. Greater intake of polyphenols (phytochemicals found in fruits, vegetables, tea, olive oil, and wine) correlated with a 36% reduced risk of hypertension ( p = 0.015) [ 62 ] and improvements in inflammatory biomarkers related to atherosclerosis (i.e., interleukin [IL]-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1; p < 0.05 for each), as well as in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; p = 0.004) [ 62 , 63 ].

3.2. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)

The DASH diet derives its name from the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension study, which evaluated the influence of dietary patterns on blood pressure [ 8 ]. Patients who consumed a diet that was rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy and that included a reduced amount of saturated and total fat and cholesterol experienced significantly greater reductions in blood pressure than patients who consumed a control diet that was similar in composition to a typical American diet (difference in SBP/DBP, −5.5/−3.0 mmHg; p < 0.001) or a diet rich in fruits and vegetables with a reduced amount of snacks and sweets (−2.7/−1.9 mmHg; p ≤ 0.002). All 3 diets had a sodium content of 3 g per day. A subsequent study (DASH-Sodium) that explored the DASH diet or a control diet in combination with varying levels of sodium intake (high, intermediate, and low) found that the DASH diet significantly reduced SBP during the high, intermediate, and low sodium intake phases of both diets (high: −5.9 mmHg; p < 0.001; intermediate: −5.0 mmHg; p < 0.001; low: −2.2 mmHg; p < 0.05) [ 64 ]. The DASH diet also significantly reduced DBP versus the control diet during the high (−2.9 mmHg; p < 0.001) and intermediate (−2.5 mmHg; p < 0.01) sodium intake phases but not during the low intake phase (−1.0 mmHg). Although reducing sodium intake also significantly reduced blood pressure in the control diet group ( p < 0.05), the low sodium phase of the DASH diet elicited significant decreases in SBP/DBP of −8.9/−4.5 mmHg ( p < 0.001 for each) compared with high sodium intake phase of the control diet.

Subsequent controlled trials, as a whole, support the results of the DASH and DASH-Sodium studies in terms of blood pressure reduction. Moreover, these studies expanded the positive impacts of the DASH diet to include improvements in other cardiovascular risk factors or comorbidities (e.g., low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], total cholesterol, overweight/obesity, and insulin sensitivity) [ 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ] and reductions in adverse outcomes such as development of cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes (including improved pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes) [ 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 ]. Meta-analyses of studies using the DASH diet have demonstrated that LDL-C is significantly reduced by −0.1 mmol/L ( p = 0.03) [ 65 , 68 ], total cholesterol by −0.2 mmol/L ( p < 0.001) [ 65 , 68 ], body weight by −1.42 kg ( p < 0.001) [ 66 , 68 ], and fasting insulin by −0.15 μU/mL ( p < 0.001) [ 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ]. With the DASH diet, the risk of cardiovascular disease is reduced by 20%, stroke by 19%, and heart failure by 29% ( p < 0.001 for each) [ 69 , 71 ]. The overall risk of diabetes is reduced by 18% [ 68 ], and children and adolescents with higher DASH scores (i.e., those whose diets included the highest intakes of fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, low-fat dairy, and whole grains) were at 64% lower risk of developing metabolic syndrome than those with the lowest DASH scores ( p = 0.023) [ 71 ]. Furthermore, rates of cesarean section decreased by 47% [ 72 ], incidence of macrosomia (birth weight > 4000 g) decreased from 39% to 4% ( p = 0.002) [ 70 ], and significantly fewer women experienced gestational diabetes that required insulin therapy on the DASH diet (23%) compared with the control diet (73%; p < 0.0001) [ 70 ].

The dietary pattern derived from the DASH study emphasizes the consumption of an array of vegetables (including colorful varieties, legumes, and starchy vegetables), fruits, fat-free or low-fat dairy products, whole grains, and various protein sources (e.g., seafood, lean meats, eggs, legumes, nuts, seeds, and soya) ( Table 1 ) [ 49 ]. Limited consumption of added sugars (< 10% of calories per day), saturated fats (< 10% of calories per day), sodium (< 2300 mg/day), and alcohol (≤ 1 drink per day for women and ≤ 2 drinks per day for men) is suggested. In addition, further reductions in blood pressure may be achievable by further reducing sodium intake, although practical challenges may limit the ability to achieve sodium intake of 1200 mg or less per day [ 49 ].

3.3. Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND)

The MIND diet combines elements of the Mediterranean and DASH diets with the goal of sustaining cognitive health throughout older age [ 9 ]. Both the Mediterranean and DASH diets have been individually linked to positive cognitive outcomes, including the prevention of cognitive decline or impairment and better cognitive performance [ 73 , 74 , 75 ]. Two high-quality cohort studies have reported associations between adherence to the MIND diet and a 53% lower risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease ( p = 0.002 for linear trend) [ 50 ] and slower declines in cognitive functioning, both overall and within specific cognitive domains (e.g., episodic, semantic, and working memory and perceptual speed and organization), such that the highest adherence rates to the MIND diet were associated with cognitive function equivalent to being 7.5 years younger [ 50 , 76 ]. Interestingly, even modest adherence to the MIND diet was associated with a 35% risk reduction for Alzheimer’s disease versus the lowest adherence group ( p = 0.002 for linear trend), whereas high adherence was needed to demonstrate 54% and 39% risk reductions with the Mediterranean and DASH diets, respectively; high adherence to the Mediterranean and DASH diet showed a statistically significant benefit [ 50 ].

The MIND diet focuses on increasing the intake of fresh fruits and vegetables and emphasizes brain-healthy foods such as green leafy vegetables, nuts, berries, beans, whole grains, fish, poultry, olive oil, and wine in moderation ( Table 1 ) [ 9 , 50 ]. Additionally, foods that are thought to be unhealthy for the brain, such as red meats, butter/margarine, cheese, pastries, sweets, and fried or fast food, are limited [ 9 ]. The specificity regarding the types of foods on the healthy and unhealthy lists differentiates MIND from the Mediterranean or DASH diets [ 50 ].

3.4. Nordic Diet

Iterations of a Nordic diet (e.g., the healthy Nordic diet, New Nordic Diet) arose from the desire to translate the Mediterranean, DASH, and other health-promoting diets into a regionally tailored dietary pattern that uses traditional, local Nordic foods and would be attractive to the public, sustainable, and eco-friendly [ 77 , 78 ]. Overarching tenets of the New Nordic Diet are to consume more (1) calories from plant sources and fewer from animal sources, (2) foods from seas and lakes, and (3) foods from the wild countryside [ 78 , 79 ]. A generalized Nordic dietary pattern would include green leafy vegetables, other vegetables, fruits, fish and seafood, potatoes, berries, whole grains (e.g., wheat, rye, oats, barley), nuts, low-fat dairy products, rapeseed, sunflower, and/or soya oils and limited intake of fresh red meat and sugar [ 78 , 80 ]. Specific dietary recommendations based on the NORDIET clinical trial are presented in Table 1 [ 51 ].

The randomized, controlled NORDIET study compared a healthy Nordic diet with a control diet (the participant’s usual Western diet) [ 77 ]. Over 6 weeks, the Nordic diet improved the lipid profile (including a 0.98 mmol/L reduction in total cholesterol [ p < 0.0001] and a 0.83 mmol/L reduction in LDL-C [ p < 0.001]), lowered SBP by 6.6 mmHg ( p = 0.008), and improved insulin sensitivity (homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance decreased 0.11; p = 0.01) compared with the control diet. Those on the Nordic diet also experienced a 3.0 kg decrease in body weight ( p < 0.001) despite food being available ad libitum.

Results from subsequent studies conducted using Nordic diet variations are consistent with those from studies with the NORDIET study, demonstrating improvements relative to the control diet in blood lipid profile (LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, −0.15; p = 0.046) [ 81 ], inflammation (IL-1 receptor antagonist, −84 ng/L; p < 0.001) [ 81 ], blood pressure (DBP, −4.4 mmHg ( p = 0.001), and mean arterial pressure (−4.2 mmHg; p = 0.006) among patients with metabolic syndrome [ 82 ] and weight loss (−3.22 kg; p < 0.001) [ 83 ] and blood pressure reduction (SBP/DBP, −5.13/−3.24 mmHg; p < 0.05) in individuals with obesity [ 83 ]. Compared with baseline values, one study demonstrated blood pressure reductions of −6.9 mmHg (SBP) and −3.2 mmHg (DBP; p < 0.01) [ 83 , 84 ]. Additionally, a study conducted in children reported an improvement in omega-3 fatty acid status with the Nordic diet that was associated with improvements in school performance ( p < 0.05) [ 85 ]. A systematic review parsing the individual components of the Nordic diet found that evidence supported the protective effects of eating whole grains on type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk, but that there was insufficient evidence for other foods in the Nordic diet [ 86 ].

3.5. Traditional Asian Diets

Although there is substantial evidence supporting the Mediterranean and other European-based diets, traditional regional dietary patterns from other parts of the world that follow similar principles have less–well-established links to positive health outcomes. A full description of the breadth of regional diets and the associated evidence bases is beyond the scope of this publication, but we consider some Asian-based diets to be particularly relevant to this discussion.

The traditional Korean diet is composed of rice and other whole grains, fermented food, indigenous land and sea vegetables, proteins primarily from legumes and fish as opposed to red meat, medicinal herbs (e.g., garlic, green onions, ginger), and sesame and perilla oils [ 87 ]. Meals typically consist of multiple small-portion dishes are often derived from seasonal food sources and are home-cooked. Unlike the Western diet, the traditional Korean diet does not include many fried foods [ 87 ]. Epidemiologic data suggest a reduced risk of metabolic syndrome (odds ratio [OR]: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.60–0.99), obesity (OR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.55–0.95), hypertension (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.57–0.98), and hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59–0.99) among individuals who follow traditional Korean dietary patterns [ 88 ]. These findings are consistent with a controlled clinical trial that explored the effects of a traditional Korean diet compared with a control diet (“eat as usual”) on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with diabetes and hypertension. In that study, adherence to a traditional Korean diet favorably influenced body composition (body weight, −2.3 kg; body mass index [BMI], −0.83 kg/m 2 ; body fat, −2.2%; p < 0.01), heart rate (−7.1 bpm; p = 0.002), and glycemic control (HbA1c, −0.72%; p = 0.003) [ 89 ].

The traditional Chinese diet features rice or noodles, soups, vegetables, steamed breads or dumplings, fruits and vegetables, soy, seafood, and meat [ 90 , 91 ]. Although higher in carbohydrates and lower in fat compared with a Western diet, the traditional Chinese diet does not appear to promote weight gain in healthy, normal-weight Chinese, suggesting that carbohydrate restriction may not be a universally applicable intervention to combat obesity and cardiometabolic risk [ 92 ]. One 6-week controlled trial demonstrated that 52% of non-Chinese individuals with overweight or obesity who adhered to a traditional Chinese diet had a reduction in BMI while preserving lean body mass compared with 28% of those who followed a Western diet at the 1-year follow-up assessment [ 93 ]. In another trial, BMI decreased by 0.37 kg/m 2 and lean mass by 0.21 kg among subjects who adhered to a traditional Chinese diet for 6 weeks, whereas those who followed a Western diet had 0.26 kg/m 2 and 0.49 kg reductions in BMI and lean body mass, respectively [ 94 ]. Notably, both of these studies restricted caloric intake to 1,200 Kcal for the test and control diet groups.

Similar to the Korean diet, the traditional Japanese diet (known as Washoku) is characterized by small portions of multiple components, primarily including rice, fish (often eaten raw), soups, and pickles [ 95 ]. Fermented soybean paste (dashi) serves as the base of many of the soups that are central to the traditional Japanese diet; other ingredients include seaweed, fruits and vegetables, and mushrooms. The use of chopsticks, alternating between dishes of small portion size throughout a meal, and the base flavor of Japanese food (umami) enhance satiety and help to prevent overeating. Adherence to a traditional Japanese dietary pattern has been associated with favorable effects on blood pressure among apparently healthy Japanese adults [ 96 ]. This is consistent with data from the 2012 Japan National Health and Nutrition Survey demonstrating that adherence to a traditional Japanese diet compared with a Western diet or a meat- and fat-based dietary pattern was associated with a lower prevalence of hypertension in men [ 97 ]. However, in the same study, a traditional Japanese diet was associated with higher DBP in women, as well as higher waist circumference and BMI in men. Further study is needed to elucidate the health impacts of traditional Japanese and other Asian dietary patterns.

4. Additional Factors

While the evidence reviewed here suggests that the described dietary patterns positively influence measures of health and disease risk and outcome because they encourage the intake of foods that individually have beneficial effects and the avoidance of unhealthy options, additional factors combine to create a lifestyle that promotes health. For example, healthy diets include adequate hydration, typically in the form of water or tea/herbal infusions [ 7 , 49 , 51 , 52 ]. In addition to the dietary components, a healthy lifestyle is one that incorporates regular exercise, socialization, and adequate sleep [ 7 , 52 ], and minimizes elements that have a negative effect on health such as tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, large amounts of screen time, and stress.

The importance of non-dietary factors is reflected in their inclusion in modern food pyramids. Built on a base of positive lifestyle factors, the lower tiers indicate daily consumption of adequate hydration and nutrient-rich, plant-based foods, with animal-derived products (meat, fish, and dairy) and sweets comprising higher tiers of the pyramid (i.e., less frequently or infrequently consumed items).

Whereas the goal may be to achieve nutrient requirements through food and water intake alone, there are situations in which food-derived nutrient intake might be inadequate due to increased need, selective eating, or food insecurity/limited access to more nutritious foods [ 98 , 99 , 100 ]. Therefore, for some individuals, dietary supplements may be required, particularly at certain life phases. For example, later in life, the recommended intake of calcium increases to sustain bone mineral density [ 101 ]; hence, supplementation with calcium may be necessary to meet recommended intake levels in older adults. Before initiating supplementation, dietary intake levels should be considered to avoid exceeding the upper tolerability limits and causing adverse events.

There are a number of other traditional regional diets that likely have similar benefits to those that we describe here. However, we made the decision to narrow our focus to those diets with evidence from randomized, controlled trials demonstrating their health benefits. For example, the African Heritage Diet focuses on traditional ingredients that may be beneficial to African American populations who experience disproportionately higher risks for chronic diseases related to their diets [ 102 ]. Future research is warranted to evaluate the impact of the African Heritage Diet and other regional dietary patterns on health.

5. Conclusions

Healthy diets, arising either by tradition or design, share many common features and generally align with the WHO Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases. In comparison with a Western diet, these healthier alternatives are higher in plant-based foods, including fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, legumes, seeds, and nuts and lower in animal-based foods, particularly fatty and processed meats. Evidence from epidemiologic studies and clinical trials indicates that these types of dietary patterns reduce risks of NCDs ranging from cardiovascular disease to cancer. Further endeavors are needed to integrate these healthy dietary and lifestyle choices into daily living in communities throughout the world and to make healthy eating accessible, achievable, and sustainable.

Acknowledgments

Medical writing support was provided by Crystal Murcia, PhD, and Dennis Stancavish, MA, of Peloton Advantage, LLC, an OPEN Health company, and was funded by Pfizer Consumer Healthcare. On 1 August 2019, Pfizer Consumer Healthcare became part of GSK Consumer Healthcare.

Author Contributions

H.C. and P.C.C. contributed to the conception of the work; the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data; drafting; and revision of the work. Both have approved the final version for submission and agree to be personally accountable for their contributions and for ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated, resolved, and documented in the literature. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Medical writing support was funded by Pfizer Consumer Healthcare; this research received no other external funding. The APC was funded by Pfizer Consumer Healthcare. On 1 August 2019, Pfizer Consumer Healthcare became part of GSK Consumer Healthcare.

Conflicts of Interest

Hellas Cena received travel reimbursement from Pfizer Consumer Healthcare to attend a discussion meeting prior to drafting the manuscript and acts as a consultant to companies that manufacture or market dietary supplements, including Pfizer Consumer Healthcare. Philip C. Calder received travel reimbursement from Pfizer Consumer Healthcare to attend a discussion meeting prior to drafting the manuscript. Pfizer Consumer Healthcare funded this project, but the company had no role in the design, execution, interpretation, or writing of the paper.

Top Nutrition Research Paper Topics for Students

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Table of contents

  • 1 Nutrition Research Topics for College Students
  • 2 Interesting Nutrition Topics for Research Paper
  • 3 Research Topics in Nutrition and Dietetics
  • 4 Sports Nutrition Topics for Research
  • 5 Other Popular Nutrition Paper Topics
  • 6 Conclusion

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Nutrition Research Topics for College Students

The following are some of the best nutrition research paper topics for college students who want to learn more about the themes that directly affect them. And in case you need assistance with writing any of the following topics, you can order custom research papers and receive authentic, plagiarism-free content written by nutrition experts.

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  • How healthy eating impacts a college athlete’s performance
  • Is breakfast the most important meal of the day?
  • Why women are more likely to suffer from anemia
  • Preventing/curing hangovers with smarter food choices
  • The impact of social media on students’ dietary choices
  • What are superfoods, and can they be beneficial?
  • The rising popularity of the paleo diet
  • What makes fast food so addictive?
  • Most common eating disorders among college students
  • Diet and mood – how they’re intertwined
  • Can healthy foods improve cognition and brain power?

Interesting Nutrition Topics for Research Paper

If you’d prefer a bit more exciting topic that encourages debate and gets your readers immersed, take a look at the following nutrition research paper topic suggestions.

  • Overcoming unhealthy emotional relationship with food
  • The intricate relationship between smoking and weight
  • How sleep moderates ghrelin and leptin levels
  • Cannabinoids as nutritional supplements
  • Prevalence of diabetes among college students
  • How helpful are gummy vitamins?
  • Genetic predispositions for becoming obese
  • How parents’ eating habits impact children’s dietary choices
  • Preventing eating disorders in teens and young adults
  • How the body positivity movement can be harmful to young adults
  • In-depth review of US school lunches – what needs to change?
  • Preventing chronic diseases with better food choices
  • Is overhydration more dangerous than dehydration?
  • The impact of social media on women’s body image
  • Hormones and nutrition – how are they connected?

Research Topics in Nutrition and Dietetics

Analyzing diets and their impact on our health and fitness is always intriguing. Learn more about nutrition and dietetics with some of the following nutrition research topics:

  • Keto diet and risk considerations
  • Dietary changes during the COVID-19 pandemic
  • Nutrition vs. physical activity for healthy weight management
  • Methods for improving physical fitness while limiting calorie intake
  • In-depth analysis of yo-yo dieting
  • How going vegan impacts health
  • Dietary fats – the good and the bad
  • The dark side of the juice cleanse
  • The role of proteins in weight loss
  • How popular diet trends affect your health
  • Is intermittent fasting a good way to lose weight?
  • In-depth analysis of compulsive eating disorder Pica
  • Harmful trends that promote eating disorders
  • How to ensure proper nutrient intake on a plant-based diet
  • Are vegan foods always healthier?

Sports Nutrition Topics for Research

Student-athletes always want to know more about how food and nutrition impact their performance. The following topics can be just as useful to them as they are to med students.

  • Prevalence of eating disorders among female athletes
  • How plant-based diets impact athletes’ performance
  • How much protein you need for optimal muscle development
  • The role of BCAA’s in weightlifting performance among seniors
  • Is when you eat just as important as what you eat?
  • The impact of food choices on muscle recovery
  • Maintaining electrolyte balance during endurance training
  • The role of creatine in improving athletic performance
  • How to safely cut weight ahead of a competition
  • Effects of dietary fibers on carbohydrate uptake and absorption
  • What athletes need to know about BMI
  • Most effective supplements for bone and tendon health in combat athletes
  • How caffeine impacts athletic performance
  • In-depth analysis or Peri-Workout nutrition for strength athletes
  • Examining the effects of low-carb diet trends on athletic performance

Other Popular Nutrition Paper Topics

Miscellaneous topics can often be some of the most interesting ones, especially since few students ever opt for them. Browse through these ten unique topics and choose the one that suits you best.

Once you’ve found a great topic, writing becomes a much easier task. But if you can’t find the time for your paper, a quick search for services that can “ write my research paper for me ” could be a God-send.

  • Infant brain development and nutrition
  • How a mother’s dietary choices impact the quality of breastmilk
  • Symptoms of malnutrition among children
  • Immune system and diet – how they’re connected
  • The real science behind GMO food
  • The effects of thermal processing on nutrients
  • Factors contributing to obesity among young Americans
  • Different nutritional needs among different age groups
  • Dietary differences between low-income and high-income households
  • Foods that boost serotonin levels

Exploring the ways how human bodies work and react has interested people for thousands of years. No wonder there are a lot of engaging dietary and nursing research topics for modern students to choose from. You’ve already got acquainted with 70 of our top nutrition topics for research papers, so gather inspiration from our list and get started with your essay!

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248 Popular Nutrition Research Topics That You Can Write About

nutrition research topics

A balanced diet can make you more productive in your tasks each day. However, how sure are you that the diet that you take is what is required? If you are doing a course in Nutrition and Dietetics, you need to do thorough research. There are certain steps you need to take before diving into the research work.

Characteristics Of A Good Nutritional Research Paper Topic

To prosper in your research, you need to find an ideal topic that won’t be too stressful for you.

Clarity of the topic: If you want to write a great nutritional research paper. The topic needs to be clear. This will make it easy to do the research and also others to understand what you are doing. It should be something common that people will be interested in, even taking part in the research or reading it. Well-defined research paper: The research paper topic needs to be well-phrased for successful research. The topic needs to be direct. So that even when someone tries to read it, they can conclude what the research should bring out. Simple language: If you want to prosper in your nutritional research. Just ensure that you use simple language that most people can understand. You are writing research so that people can benefit from it. There is no need to use too much complex language that won’t help anyone. Simple title: The title should follow the right procedure. It should be written perfectly. Also, ensure that your research aligns with your nutritional research topic. In the case that you want to research various used chemicals, try and stick to the topic as it is. The work: Ensure your research paperwork has an introduction, body, and conclusion. This is critical for any essay, research paper, or assignment

Nutrition Research Topics

Different farming practices lead to low or high production. The amount of food that you are consuming can have an impact on your overall weight. Here are some of the best nutrition research topics that you can start with.

  • Evaluate some of the most common abdominal fat and health risks.
  • The major causes of adolescent and childhood obesity or weight gain.
  • The high risks of obesity in children. Which ingredients should be avoided?
  • Evaluate the most common allergies and food sensitivities.
  • The importance of maintaining child nutrition and health.
  • Evaluate the digestive diseases and associated disorders
  • Evaluate the disordered eating habits in different age groups.
  • The best way to promote healthy eating and physical activity.
  • The best intervention that can be put in place is to reduce obesity.
  • Evaluate the best way to increase fruit and vegetable intake in different households.
  • How can diabetes be reduced in different age groups?
  • The best intervention ways to increase fruit and vegetable intake in the elderly.
  • The best way to provide good nutrition is in rural public schools.
  • Does coffee consumption help in stress reduction?

Informative Nutrition Topics to Write About

You need to provide high-quality work when submitting the research work to your professor. Here are some of the best informative nutrition topics to write about. You can even get some details in other scholarly articles.

  • The impact of cooperative extension in diabetes education and how to carry out self-care.
  • The common perceptions of students who eat organic food to health.
  • The relation between BMI and waist circumference in health indications.
  • The link between environment and dietary intake among rural teens.
  • The relationship between emotional brain formation and weight variation.
  • Factors that need to be considered when mothers are breastfeeding.
  • The common reasons for low fidelity to education programs in patients with gestational diabetes.
  • The best approaches to take when maintaining weight loss.
  • The eating habits disorders among athletes.
  • Evaluate the diet quality of university students.
  • Evaluate celiac disease in individuals.
  • The various perceptions about school feeding programs.
  • The impact of obesity on the health of individuals.
  • How can the media be used in providing nutrition education for individuals?

In-Depth Nutrition Research Paper Topics

If you want to write an amazing research paper, make use of the various resources. You can even get relevant information from documentaries, scholarly articles, books, pdf, and much more.

  • The relation between cigarette consumption and weight loss.
  • The perceptions of nutritional screening tools for the elderly.
  • The effectiveness of school welfare policies.
  • The parental perception of the nutritional status of children that have autism.
  • The major causes of stress eating among the youth.
  • The relation between healthy food and mental health issues.
  • The relation between sleep and nutrition.
  • How healthy eating impacts athletes’ performance.
  • The impact of breakfast on someone’s productivity during the day.
  • How social media impacts students’ dietary choices.
  • The benefits of superfoods to our bodies.
  • The rising popularity of the paleo diet.
  • The major causes of various food addictions
  • The relation between diet and someone’s moods.

Comprehensive Nutrition Research Questions

Are you looking for the best comprehensive nutrition research questions? You can start with these. They are also not that hard to understand.

  • Which are the genetics that causes obesity?
  • How do children’s eating disorders impact children’s dietary choices?
  • The best way to prevent chronic diseases is through better food culture choices?
  • Do you think overhydration is worse than dehydration? Give reasons
  • Which are the major impacts of social media on women’s body image?
  • Which is the relationship between hormones and nutrition?
  • What are the risk considerations of the keto diet?
  • Which are the best methods for improving physical fitness?
  • Are the dietary fats good or bad?
  • Which are the major roles of proteins in weight loss?
  • How do diet trends affect human health?
  • Do you think fasting can help in weight loss?
  • Which are the bad eating habits that cause disorders?
  • How to ensure proper nutrient intake in our day-to-day lives?

Interesting Nutrition Topics

Would you want some of the most interesting nutritional topics? Start with these! They are all based on common things that happen that you can easily relate to.

  • The role of creatine in improving athlete’s performance.
  • How a mother’s diet impacts the breast milk quality.
  • The major symptoms of malnutrition among kids.
  • The components that make GMO food.
  • The major effects of thermal processing on nutrients.
  • The factors that contribute to obesity among students.
  • The various dietary differences between different income level households.
  • The major foods that boost serotonin levels.
  • The connection between the immune system and diet.
  • The development of ketosis.
  • The component found incomplete proteins.
  • The different functions of minerals and vitamins.
  • The negative effects of too many vitamins.
  • The transformation of carbohydrates to energy.

Engaging Nutrition Topics For Presentation

Is your assignment meant to be made as a presentation? These are some of the best topics that you can use. They are all diverse and you will get all the required answers on books, pdfs, or any other credible source.

  • How does nutrition impact one’s connective tissue strength?
  • The major advantages and disadvantages of fats in our bodies.
  • How do lipids make a meal feel satisfying?
  • The difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.
  • The interrelations between vitamins and other food components.
  • The influence of nutrition on hormones.
  • The consequences of zinc deficiency on our bodies.
  • The nutrients that help to improve your skin and hair.
  • The function of amino acids on our bodies.
  • Do you think you could survive on dietary supplements only?
  • Compare the effectiveness of gummy vitamins and pills.
  • The various ways that the body produces vitamin D from sunlight.
  • The reasons behind more women suffering from anemia than men.
  • What influences the presence of minerals in food?

Engaging Nutrition Essay Topics

Taking a balanced diet can help prevent you from getting these common nutritional diseases. Would you want to know more? Try any of these nutrition essay topics.

  • Is there a difference between the health benefits of white and brown bread?
  • The major benefits of cereals in our meals.
  • The best substitutes for white sugar.
  • The nutrients found in fresh and dried fruit.
  • The versatile uses of coconuts and benefits to our bodies.
  • Comparison between white and red meat.
  • What components are in sugar that make it a good preservative?
  • How does milk help in strong bone development in children?
  • The pasteurization process of milk.
  • Meat is a staple food in most cultures.
  • The chemical compounds found in margarine and butter.
  • The healthier alternatives to coffee.
  • Does taking a glass of wine daily have health benefits at all?
  • The major causes of hangovers in individuals.

Nutrition-Related Topics

What is the kind of food that you take? Are they beneficial to your body? These are some of the best nutrition-related topics that you can ever come across.

  • The impact of food safety in different institutions
  • Evaluation of nutrition in preschools for children.
  • The positive and negative effects of training and nutrition on football players.
  • The nursing habits of college-age students.
  • The major effects of caffeine in tea and coffee that you take.
  • The importance of eating a variety of foods.
  • The most energizing foods for a healthy body.
  • The major characteristics of multiple grain types.
  • The factors that impact mineral absorption.
  • The myth and facts behind the food pyramid.
  • The major foods that belong to the legumes food groups.
  • The advantages of taking various milk types.
  • The importance of glucose on our bodies. How often should we take glucose?
  • The major effects of selenium on health.

Nutrition Topics for Research

Research should be done systematically. First, you need to plan out how you are going to carry out the research. After you are done, be sure to start your research using different resources.

  • The health benefits of non-digestible compounds.
  • The major causes of lactose intolerance.
  • Why is there an increase in eating disorders among female athletes?
  • Which is the amount of protein that you need for muscle development?
  • Do you think the time you eat is equally as important as what you eat?
  • What is the importance of knowing your BMI?
  • Evaluate whether the best way to overcome unhealthy emotional relationships is with food.
  • How sleep regulates leptin levels in the body.
  • The major causes of the prevalence of diabetes among college students.
  • What are the major benefits of gummy vitamins?
  • The various beliefs are accustomed to whole grains.
  • The trends of breast cancer among women.
  • Evaluate the various environmental contaminants globally.
  • Why do you think people opt to be vegetarians?

Nutrition Presentation Topics

These are some of the best nutrition presentation topics that you can start with. They are simple, engaging, and straightforward. They will help you to make the best presentation you have ever made.

  • How can you consider a certain food as being energizing? What criteria are used?
  • The major characteristics of grains.
  • The origins of potatoes in the ecosystem.
  • The health benefits of avocados on our bodies.
  • How do some foods work as home remedies?
  • Which are the best ways to prepare scrambled eggs to ensure they provide full nutritional benefits.
  • The impact of globalization on our diet.
  • The different diet adaptations in different seasons.
  • The positive impact of breast milk on infants.
  • The dietary requirements for someone with HIV/AIDS.
  • The best food to take when you want to lose weight.
  • The major consequences of malnutrition.
  • The major causes of celiac diseases.
  • The advantages of organic food consumption.
  • Can alcohol be considered to be part of a healthy diet?

Nutrition Topics For College Students

Are you in college and wondering where you will get the best nutritional topics for your course using? All these topics are ideal for that.

  • The process of energy production from food nutrients in our bodies.
  • Make a comparison of the heterotrophs and autotrophs feeding behavior.
  • How is food converted to simpler substances in the body?
  • The duration in which animals can convert complex food substances into simpler ones.
  • How are proteins broken down in the body to be beneficial?
  • How blood carries nutrients in the body.
  • How high cholesterol levels can lead to body issues
  • The importance of diet supplements to busy people.
  • How does the body use electrolytes in the body?
  • How certain diets expose people to cancer.
  • Which is the best way to modify a diet to combat a certain disease?
  • The role of nutritional knowledge in making informed decisions.
  • The major causes of chronic diseases in human beings.
  • The negative effects of depression on nutrition.

Engaging Topics In Nutrition

Nutrition is quite advanced. Both harmful and beneficial foods should be taken in moderation. These are some of the best engaging topics in nutrition.

  • Which foods lubricate body joints?
  • The importance of fats in hormone production in the body.
  • Why do different fats have varying impacts on people’s bodies?
  • The major roles of unsaturated fats in the body.
  • The role of fats in preserving the health and brain development in humans
  • The negative effects of being a vegetarian for too long.
  • How does taking too much sugar cause diabetes?
  • The major causes of allergies on people with health conditions?
  • The importance of eating fiber-rich foods.
  • What amount of water do adults have in their bodies
  • The relation between eating and sleeping habits.
  • How taking sugary foods leads to loss of memory and inactivity?
  • How taking too many snacks is not healthy for the body?

Food and Nutrition Essay Topics

Are you planning to do an essay? These are some of the best food and nutrition essay topics that you will ever stumble upon. Always strive to eat a healthy diet at all times.

  • The long and short-term effects of food on our health.
  • How does water absorption occur in the body?
  • Does weather impact the amount of water we can take in a day?
  • The influence of weather on digestion.
  • The negative influence of fast food selling hotels on some lifestyle diseases.
  • The major determinants on whether an animal feeds on simple or complex inorganic compounds.
  • How are nutrients converted into minerals?
  • When should someone use a nutrient supplement?
  • The impact of alcohol intake by pregnant women.
  • Why do pregnant women crave different food?
  • The necessary nutrients after doing a hard workout.
  • The role of carbohydrates in an athlete’s body.
  • The importance of energy management on brain development
  • The importance of calcium to sportsmen and women.
  • How good nutrition maintains a great athletics record.

Research Topics in Nutrition and Dietetics

When doing your thesis, you need to do thorough research to ensure that your professor will give you top grades. If you are doing a dietetics course, these topics will serve the purpose.

  • How athletes can easily manage hunger cues.
  • The role of Vitamins to people that engage in sports.
  • The effect of chili on our bodies.
  • Which are the best ways to deal with obesity?
  • The disadvantages of obesity on children below 18 years.
  • The social and economic effects of poor nutrition.
  • How is healthy aging important for active aging?
  • How nutrition determines the body’s immunity.
  • The best way to make nutrition reforms & policies for the benefit of residents in different regions.
  • The role of proteins in sustainability and health.
  • The negative and positive impact of moods on eating well.
  • The role of nutrition in determining a body’s immunity.
  • Does ingredient dosage matter in food and nutrition?
  • The role of misinformation on unhealthy eating habits.
  • The myths related to plant-based proteins.

Popular Nutrition Topics

Are you supposed to choose the best nutrition topic for your assignment? Try any of these topics and see how knowledgeable you will become.

  • The impact of food wastage in most developing nations.
  • The impact of fasting on one’s health standards.
  • How to maintain a healthy diet for the whole family at home.
  • The role of nutrients on the central nervous system.
  • How does caffeine affect athletes?
  • How food contributes to an increase in BMI?
  • The best foods to boost sports performance.
  • How muscles help individuals in sports.
  • The major roles of enhancing appetite.
  • Why athletes should not drink a lot of water during exercise?
  • How food choice can prevent some dietary diseases.
  • Does babies’ nutrition impact their growth?
  • The relation between genetics and nutrition.
  • The major challenges faced in maintaining healthy eating habits.

Ideal Nutrition Thesis Topics

When given a writing task, it can be hard to know where to start. However, teachers don’t quite require a lot from students. Just try to do what you can and give it your best shot.

  • The best eating habits that you can embrace.
  • The difference between red and white meat.
  • Evaluate the milk pasteurization process.
  • The advantages of milk consumption every morning.
  • The various beneficial components found in milk.
  • What are the best foods that the elderly should take?
  • How eating patterns affect the sleeping pattern.
  • The major causes of different eating patterns.
  • The effects of homemade food and intuitive eating habits.
  • The nutritional problems for pregnant women.
  • The relation between income and nutrition.
  • The major evidence-based nutrition.
  • Evaluate nutrition and blood pressure.
  • The advantages of organic food consumption

Health and Nutrition Topics

Our health plays a huge role in how effective we can be on different tasks. If you are fatigued or hungry, it can have adverse effects on your body.

  • How is nutritional profiling used?
  • The point of counting calories found in the body.
  • The major health benefits of vitamin water.
  • Why does the younger and older generation require different nutrition?
  • The major methods of projects that promote proper nutrition.
  • The relation between diet and one’s moods.
  • The major causes of teenagers developing an unhealthy attitude towards food.
  • The role of hunger and control in anorexia.
  • How malnutrition can cause an issue with an unborn child.
  • How poor eating habits lead to physical conditions.
  • The best way to maintain an active lifestyle for proper health.
  • The biological factors surrounding eating disorders.

Sports Nutrition Topics for Research

These are some best sports nutrition topics for research that you can start with. You can use them for your homework, assignment, thesis, or dissertation.

  • How different food varieties help athletes.
  • The role of carbohydrates in the mental development of athletes.
  • Explain the water cycle in an athlete’s diet.
  • Why do athletes need calcium?
  • How does trans-fat affect an athlete’s performance?
  • The importance of supplements in the diet.
  • How supplements and diets help in weight management.
  • What capacity of food should athletes eat before and after training?
  • The amount of water athletes should take before and after running.

Requiring Help With Your Nutrition Dissertation?

Are you looking for the most ideal writing service assistance? We provide nothing but the best. We have expert writers that will ensure you get custom work at an affordable price. All the planning is done online to ensure your work is delivered on time. Whether you are in university or college, these topics will help you.

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The Importance of Nutrition and Dietetics on Health

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By Desiree Pires Martins RD

About Desiree

Desiree Pires Martins is a qualified dietitian, registered with the Health Care Professional Council (HCPC). She graduated from the University of Surrey in 2019 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Nutrition/Dietetics (Hons) and now manages her own business- Dietetic Perspective. Dietetic Perspective is an online platform which is designed to provide understandable, evidence-based nutritional information to help others achieve better health.

Desiree has experience working within the NHS where she was able to support a wide demographic of patients through tailored nutritional advice. She is also a specialist personal trainer in the area of diabetes and obesity and worked for a number of years at Virgin Active in this capacity.

Through her website, Desiree provides bespoke 1-1 nutritional consultations to clients, as well as corporate nutritional and health writing services. Desiree has a particular interest in diabetes prevention and management and is currently working remotely with digital health companies and non-profit organisations to support people with diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The role of a dietitian

Dietitians are qualified and regulated healthcare professionals who play an important role in the nutritional management of dietary and nutritional related health problems. They play a crucial role in helping to improve the health of others at an individual and wider public health level. Dietitians use the most up-to-date research relating to food, health and disease which they translate into practical advice, enabling people to improve their health.

Dietitians work in a variety of areas such as the NHS, food industry, public health, research, workplace, sport, and in the media. In a clinical setting, dietitians are integral members of the multidisciplinary team of doctors, nurses and other healthcare professionals. They help to improve patient outcomes through nutrition and dietetic interventions and play an important role in treating complex clinical conditions such as malnutrition, diabetes, food allergies, eating disorders and complex bowel disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome.

Nutritank’s work

As a registered dietitian, it’s great to see the work Nutritank does in promoting the importance of evidence-based nutrition and lifestyle education in medical training. By providing medical students and doctors with this type of training, we can help to bridge the gap between medicine and nutrition, which will help to improve patient outcomes and their long-term health. Whilst dietitians remain the primary nutritional healthcare professional within a clinical setting, providing nutrition and lifestyle training to medical professionals will undoubtedly help to support long-term clinical outcomes of patients.

Desiree Pires Martins, RD

Website: www.dieteticperspective.com

Instagram: @dietetic.perspective

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Our subjects, upcoming webinars, health care professionals and fad diets: what can we do by aisling pigott.

This presentation will focus on the prevalence of fad diets, why we find them so attractive and the harms that they can cause. It will encourage the audience to reflect on our own opinions, views and bias and how these can filter through to clinical practice. The presentation will include a call to action – banishing unhealthy diet culture in the workplace, in clinical practice and instead focus on nourishing messages around food and nutrition. It will include some case studies and top tips for reframing unhealthy diet messages.

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UKnowledge > Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food and Environment > Dietetics and Human Nutrition > Theses & Dissertations

Theses and Dissertations--Nutrition and Food Systems

Theses/dissertations from 2024 2024.

Increased Social Support and Maintained Weight Loss Among Post Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Patients Following a Support and Nutrition-Based Program , Sydney Mae McIntosh

Theses/Dissertations from 2023 2023

MILK THISTLE SUPPLEMENTATION AND EXERCISE TO INFLUENCE BILIRUBIN AND BODY WEIGHT OUTCOMES , Don Arthur Matutina

IDEAL BODY WEIGHT AND BODY FAT PERCENTAGE PREDICT RELATIVE ENERGY DEFICIENCY IN SPORT (RED-S) SCORES IN COLLEGIATE ATHLETES , Emily Norman

EXAMINING THE UTILITY OF A KENTUCKY FCS COOPERATIVE EXTENSION CURRICULUM ON COMMUNITY MEMBERS’ HEALTHY AND SUSTAINABLE DIET-RELATED BEHAVIORS , Catharine Pickford

SEX DIFFERENCES IN CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK FACTORS IN YOUTH WITH OBESITY , Lucrecia Valdez

DEVELOPMENT OF A COMMUNITY-BASED PLAN FOR AN EFFECTIVE BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION TO REDUCE CHILDHOOD OBESITY IN A RURAL APPALACHIAN COMMUNITY , Jennifer Stacy Wells

Theses/Dissertations from 2022 2022

Maximal Strength Training Increases Metabolic Energy Expenditure in Sedentary Adults Classified as Obese , Robert E. Anderson III

FAMILY AND CONSUMER SCIENCES EXTENSION AGENTS PERCEPTION OF A SUSTAINABLE EATING CURRICULUM FOR KENTUCKIANS , Lindley Barker

“It’s just part of our hospitality:” Examination of cultural factors that may inform future initiatives to improve health outcomes in a rural Appalachian community , Lauren Cassidy Batey

Farmers’ Market Incentive Program as an Intervention for Improving Behavior Regarding Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Children and Adolescents , Madison Blades

PILOT STUDY: THE ROLE OF ONLINE GROCERY SHOPPING IN MEAL PLANNING & PREPARTION: UTILIZING TEXT MESSAGE BASED BEHAVIORAL NUDGES , Brittany Nikole Cox

Nutritional Status in Critical Care of COVID-19 Patients , Dolph Lewis Davis III

THE EFFECT ON INCORPORATING FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES INTO AN EMERGENCY FOOD BOX PROGRAM IN RURAL APPALACHIA KENTUCKY , Zixuan Li

ATTENTIONAL BIAS, INHIBITORY CONTROL, AND FOOD REINFORCEMENT AS MECHANISMS PROMOTING EATING BEHAVIOR AFTER EXERCISE , Kylie F. L. McFee

EXAMINING MOTIVATIONS AND BARRIERS FOR ONLINE GROCERY SHOPPING AMONG URBAN AND RURAL POPULATIONS OF KENTUCKY, NORTH CAROLINA, AND MARYLAND , J.B. Pitts

Leveraging Community Health Workers’ Expertise in the Community to Address Food Insecurity in Appalachia , Alexis Kimbro Scott

Theses/Dissertations from 2021 2021

PROCURING PRODUCE IN A RURAL, APPALACHIAN COUNTY: A THEMATIC ANALYSIS OF COMMUNITY MEMBER EXPERIENCES , Caroline Blincoe

In-store Marketing Campaign to Promote the Purchase of Healthy Foods and Beverages at Convenience Stores in Rural Kentucky , Brynnan Nicole Jacobs Dunaway

EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CULTURAL VALUES AND DIET PATTERNS AMONG MEXICAN AND CUBAN IMMIGRANTS IN KENTUCKY , Nasreen Omran

Assessing Self-Perceived Nutrition-Related Lifestyle Behaviors and Knowledge of University Music Students Following a Targeted Presentation , Gretchen Trumbo

Theses/Dissertations from 2020 2020

Evaluation of Kentucky Grown Soft Red Winter Wheat with Sensory Evaluation for Bread-making Capabilities and Quality , Asa Conkwright III

CARDIAC EFFECTS OF OBESITY DURING PREGNANCY IN C57BL/6J MICE , Kayla Lynn Dudick

Examining Cultural Influences on Dietary Behaviors among Mexican Americans with Low Acculturation , Austyn Erickson

Energy Compensation with Exercise is not Dependent on Dose , H. Michael Hays

AN EDUCATIONAL PILOT INTERVENTION TO INCREASE ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LITERACY AMONG RURAL KENTUCKY YOUTH ATTENDING SUMMER CAMP , Ashley Rose Mattingly

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Master of Nutrition and Dietetics

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nutrition and dietetics essay

300 Interesting Nutrition Topics to Research

It’s not a secret that our health largely depends on nutrition. A balanced and wholesome diet improves our immune system. It lowers the risk of getting sick and makes us more productive.

But if we don’t eat right, our overall well-being and performance worsen. You see, nutrition topics are more than just about food. They help us understand how substances in food influence living beings.

In this article, our custom writing experts compiled 280 interesting nutrition research topics to write about in 2024. This collection is made for college students who study pediatrics, dietetics, and sports. But that’s not all of it! You’ll also learn about nutritional science and what it studies.

🔝 Top 10 Nutrition Topics

  • 🔬 Topics & Areas

🍰 Top 10 Nutrition Research Topics 2024

  • 🧫 Essential Nutrients
  • 🥔🌾 Food Groups
  • 🍴 Dietetics
  • 🙅‍♀️ Eating Disorders
  • 🥗 Veganism & Vegetarianism
  • 🧪 Food Science
  • 🚜 Farming & Agriculture

🔍 References

  • How to eat sustainably
  • Why is dehydration dangerous?
  • Health benefits of carbohydrates
  • Benefits of the herbal supplements
  • Vegetarianism vs. pescetarianism
  • The importance of infant nutrition
  • Pros and cons of dietary supplements
  • Should you plan your weekly menu?
  • Link between nutrition and hypertension
  • The role of antioxidants in cancer prevention

🔬 Nutrition Science: Topics & Areas

Nutritional research is both exciting and important. Its main goal is to find evidence on how our eating behavior influences our health. It also educates people on nutrition-related health issues and promotes active lifestyles. Research areas can be divided into four categories:

  • Healthy human development and aging investigates how a mother’s nutrition influences her fetus. It also looks at how your nutrition as an infant impacts your adult life.
  • Chronic disease prevention and treatment focuses on how food can help us combat and prevent disease.
  • Nutrigenomics explores the relationship between genes and metabolism. It helps us to determine what type of food benefits us. The concept of adapting food to someone’s requirements is called personalized nutrition .
  • Food and public policies deal with the health of the population. It seeks to overcome health inequities and develop new strategies.

Sounds interesting, doesn’t it? Now that you know about the research areas let’s move on to our list of nutrition-related topics.

  • Trans fat vs. saturated fat
  • The role of calcium in the body
  • Pros and cons of the paleo diet
  • Side effects of low-carb diets
  • Nutritional deficiencies of vegetarian diet
  • The relationship between leptin and ghrelin
  • The difference between food allergy and sensitivity
  • Why are phytonutrients beneficial for the body?
  • Link between overhydration and blood pressure
  • Are refined grains healthier than whole grains?

🍎 Food & Nutrition Essay Topics

Naturally, food is a central part of nutrition. We all know that an apple a day keeps the doctor away. But what about chocolate? How can I add an indulging treat into my diet in a guilt-free way?

Ann Wigmore quote.

To understand if a product is healthy or not, we need to analyze its components. That’s how we know that eating a little chocolate can be beneficial. Dive deeper into this subject with the intriguing topics on essential nutrients and food groups.

🧫 Essay Topics on Essential Nutrients

Simply put, nutrients come in three categories: macro-, micronutrients, and water. Each of these fulfills various functions that are vital to our survival. Nutrients are considered essential if the body can’t produce them. It means we need to consume them with food. Pick one of the following questions to learn more: 

  • How do the functions of minerals and vitamins differ?
  • What would happen if you take too many vitamins ?
  • How does the body transform carbohydrates into energy?
  • Compare the different types of sugars.
  • Describe what happens if you’re dehydrated . 
  • What causes insulin receptors to desensitize?
  • Explain the importance of glucose.
  • When is it appropriate to use vitamin supplements ?
  • How does ketosis develop?
  • Analyze the components of complete proteins .
  • What does the solubility of a vitamin determine?
  • Effects of selenium on one’s health.
  • Why are many people lactose intolerant?
  • What are the WHO recommendations for a healthy nutrient intake?
  • Examine the health benefits of non-digestible compounds.
  • Explain how one’s diet contributes to strong connective tissue.
  • What do the different types of soluble fibers do?
  • The connection between vitamin D deficiency and diabetes mellitus type II.
  • Explore the advantages of fats .
  • How do lipids make a meal feel satisfying?
  • What’s the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids ?
  • Should one stay clear of food that contains cholesterol?
  • Describe the interrelations between vitamins.
  • How does nutrition influence hormones ?
  • What diseases are connected with an inadequate intake of antioxidants?
  • In how far can nutrition affect angiogenesis?
  • The consequences of zinc deficiency.
  • You are what you eat: is this statement correct?
  • Which metabolic processes are associated with choline?
  • Essential nutrients that improve your skin and hair.
  • What do amino acids do?
  • Could you survive on dietary supplements alone?
  • Compare the effectiveness of gummy vitamins vs. pills.
  • Nutrient intake in the traditional cuisine of native cultures.
  • How does the body produce vitamin D from sunlight?
  • Explore the functions of the B vitamins .
  • How does vitamin C help fight against free radicals?
  • Why do numerous women suffer from anemia?
  • What influences the presence of minerals in food?
  • Investigate factors that impact mineral absorption.

🥔 Nutrition Topics on Food Groups

The food we consume belongs to one of nine groups. These are legumes, fruits and veggies, milk products, cereals, starchy roots, sugars, fats, beverages, and animal products. Browse our intriguing topics to find inspiration.

  • The food pyramid : myths and facts.
  • What are the benefits of cereals?
  • Is white bread bad for your health?
  • Discuss marketing trends in organic food.
  • Describe the types of food that belong to the legumes.
  • What are the advantages of various milk types?

"Nuts are fruit" fact

  • Discuss the different compositions of fruit and vegetables.
  • Give examples of good protein sources.
  • What’s the best substitute for white sugar?
  • Compare the nutrients in fresh vs. dried fruit.
  • Are food additives good or bad for you?
  • Investigate the versatile uses of coconuts.
  • How healthy is Jerusalem artichoke syrup?
  • Contrast the nutritional benefits of white vs. red meat.
  • What makes sugar a good preservative?
  • Do children need milk for strong bones development?
  • Explain the process of pasteurization.
  • How do you make cheese ?
  • Is there a link between dairy products consumption and obesity?
  • Why is meat still such a staple food in most cultures?
  • When should you use which type of oil?
  • Analyze the chemical compounds in margarine vs. butter.
  • Discuss healthier alternatives to coffee .
  • Does drinking a glass of wine daily have any health benefits?
  • What causes hangovers?
  • Explore how various cultures treat different food groups .
  • Describe the changes in American food guides over the past 50 years.
  • Is the effect of caffeine in coffee and tea the same?
  • Nutrition in China: red yeast rice.
  • Considering the inclusion of food groups, what’s the best way to plan a meal?
  • Why is it crucial to eat a variety of foods?
  • What foods can you eat limitlessly without any adverse effects?
  • Discuss dangerous nutritional practices across cultures.
  • What are the most energizing foods, and why?
  • Analyze the characteristics of multiple types of grains.
  • Investigate the origins of potatoes.
  • Why is Asian cuisine more rice-based than its European counterpart?
  • Do the health benefits of avocados justify their adverse environmental impact?
  • Why do some foods work as home remedies?
  • What’s the best way to prepare scrambled eggs?

⚕️ Health & Nutrition Topics to Write About

We experience the effects of nutrition on our everyday well-being. As a result, some people wish to improve their diet. But where do you start? And how can you avoid developing an eating disorder? If these questions interest you, check out the following sections.

🍴 Nutrition Topics in Dietetics

What does a healthy diet consist of? Unsurprisingly, everybody answers this question differently. Some swear on more exclusive diets such as keto or paleo. Others prefer the fattier Mediterranean diet. Research in dietetics strives to find the best nutrition for any given circumstance. It’s concerned not only with people who want to lead a healthier lifestyle. It also includes food for patients with diseases, as well as children.

  • Is gluten as bad for us as the media says?
  • What are empty calories, and should you avoid them?
  • How did globalization affect our diet?
  • Reasons why people abstain from certain foods.
  • What does the keto diet consist of?
  • Investigate the rise in popularity of so-called “superfoods.”
  • How to adapt your diet for different seasons.
  • What are the key requirements of a healthy diet?
  • Discuss how infants benefit from breastfeeding .
  • What role do governments play in citizens’ sugar and salt intake?
  • Should commercials advertising Coca-Cola to children be banned?
  • How does HIV impact a patient’s dietary requirements?
  • What does a child need to eat to grow and develop properly?
  • The best foods for weight loss .
  • Is Weight Watchers a helpful program?
  • Explore the causes of weight gain in college students.
  • Why did the paleo diet become so popular?
  • Describe the consequences of malnutrition .
  • What’s the yo-yo effect, and how does it work?
  • The “breakfast myth”: should we believe it?
  • What causes celiac disease?
  • Why are Northern Europeans less likely to be lactose intolerant than people from the Global South?
  • The advantages of consuming mostly organic food .
  • Is fasting an effective way to lose weight?
  • Ingredients in tea that promote weight loss.
  • Everybody knows that junk food is unhealthy. Why is it still attractive?
  • Can you incorporate alcohol into a healthy diet?

What the group of macronutrients consists.

  • Does vitamin water have special health benefits?
  • Find foods that power your brain and describe how they do that.
  • Why do older adults need a different diet than younger people?
  • What is nutrient profiling used for?
  • How can grocery stores make it easier for customers to follow a healthy diet?
  • Discuss the “slow food” movement in the U.S.
  • What’s the point of counting calories ?
  • How can one’s diet be a risk factor for certain diseases?
  • What exactly is dietetics?
  • Compare the methods of projects that promote proper nutrition.
  • Analyze the connection between one’s diet and mood.
  • What are the nutritional requirements during pregnancy?
  • Health benefits of a Mediterranean diet.

🙅‍♀️ Nutrition Topics on Eating Disorders

In a world that’s concerned with appearance, many people develop eating disorders. Among the most common ones are anorexia and bulimia. But that’s not all of it. A neurotic desire to only eat pure and healthy food can also be a sign of a disorder.

  • Compare the characteristics of the most common eating disorders .
  • What can cause teenagers to develop an unhealthy attitude towards food?
  • How do your experiences shape your food preferences?
  • Discuss the relationship between smoking and weight.
  • Why are women more likely to develop eating disorders than men?
  • The effects of excessive alcohol consumption in the U.K.
  • Discuss the role of hunger and control in anorexia.
  • How to stop overeating chocolate and other sweet treats.
  • Why is it often hard for people to stop drinking alcohol?
  • Trace how research into eating disorders has changed in the past 100 years.
  • The effect of advertising on women’s body image.
  • Ways to prevent eating disorders in pre-teens.
  • How can one become addicted to food ?
  • What genetic predispositions increase the risk of becoming obese?
  • Contrast various forms of treatment for eating disorders .
  • How do eating disorders affect one’s mental health?
  • What are the long-term consequences of bulimia?
  • Discuss feeding and eating disorders common in adolescents.
  • Do privileged environments put more pressure on girls to be skinny?
  • Describe the symptoms of orthorexia .
  • When does the desire to eat healthily become pathological?
  • Explore the potential of Ayahuasca in treating eating disorders .
  • How can parent education help prevent childhood obesity?
  • Compare how Western and Eastern cultures approach food-related psychological illnesses.
  • What is binge eating?
  • Why do some people feel the urge to eat compulsively under stress?
  • Analyze why obesity rates in America are significantly higher than in Asia.
  • How do your sleep patterns influence your food intake?
  • What are the differences between thinspiration and fitspiration?
  • Should pro-ana and pro-mia cultures be banned?
  • How can teachers prevent high school students from developing eating problems?
  • Describe the effects of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder.
  • What causes someone to develop the desire to ingest inedible substances?
  • Analyze the harmful stereotypes surrounding eating disorders.
  • How does the movie First Love depict the effects of body type idealization?
  • Why are female athletes at high risk for eating disorders?
  • Does Netflix’s To the Bone accurately identify struggles with anorexia?
  • Investigate the motivation of feeders.
  • Is anorexia overly glorified in some Western cultures?
  • Can intermittent fasting lead to the development of an eating disorder?

🔥 Current Nutrition Research Topics

In recent years, nutrition has gradually become a lifestyle choice. Many people identify with their diets. Some of them join food-based communities. Vegetarianism and veganism are still considered especially controversial. If you’re interested in contemporary nutritional research, check out the following sections.

🥗 Nutrition Topics on Vegetarianism

A vegan diet consists exclusively of plant-based products. No eggs, fish, or milk find their way onto a vegan’s plate. Vegetarians aren’t as strict: they merely renounce animal products. How healthy is all this? Have a look at our informative topics to gain better insight into the world of plant-based nutrition:

  • How can you eat as cruelty-free as possible?
  • Give reasons why someone decides to be a fruitarian.
  • The Vegetarian Imperative : what arguments does it present?
  • Why do people become vegans?
  • Describe the difference between pescatarians, vegans, and vegetarians.
  • How is veganism helping the environment?
  • Discuss the health benefits of a plant-based diet .
  • Should restaurants be bound by law to offer vegetarian dishes?
  • Your position on a vegan day at school cafeterias.

The main types of vegetarianism.

  • Is living plant-based a cheap alternative for college students?
  • Why did veganism gain so much popularity in recent years?
  • What are the effects of a vegetarian diet on children?
  • Can you combine professional sports with a plant-based lifestyle?
  • Arguments for making vegetarianism the default diet.
  • Can veganism treat type I diabetes?
  • How can vegetarians secure all the nutrients they need?
  • What obstacles can you meet when changing to an entirely plant-based diet?
  • Does being animal-free automatically mean a healthier lifestyle?
  • Discuss the vegan diet and animal testing from an ethical perspective.
  • What farming practices drive people to become vegan?
  • Describe moral dilemmas in which non-meat eaters often find themselves.
  • Would it be ethical for a vegetarian to eat cultured meat?
  • What is the use of the term “flexitarian”?
  • How does your diet affect your body?
  • What causes some former vegetarians to start eating meat again?
  • Why do many people dislike those who abstain from meat?
  • How veganism influences the fashion industry.
  • What’s the moral problem with eating fish?
  • Is Earthlings a valuable educational film?
  • Investigate the impact of Jonathan Safran Foer’s Eating Animals .
  • How has the perception of plant-based diets changed in the past 20 years?
  • Why are trends in veganism covered in the news?
  • Should humans eat animals simply because they can?
  • Are vegan substitute products always healthy?
  • Explore the reasons behind the rise of Beyond Meat.
  • What does it mean to be an ethical vegan?
  • Are plant-based diets always connected with a liberal worldview?
  • Why are there often heated debates between vegans and meat-eaters?
  • Talk about not eating animal products for religious reasons.
  • Find a number of reasons why people shouldn’t go vegan.

🧪 Hot Nutrition Science Topics

Have you ever tasted meat grown in a lab? Progress in food science has made it possible. This branch studies the components of food on chemical, biological, and physical levels. Researchers then use their findings to improve product safety and processing.

  • Are all calories created equal?
  • How do diet and physical activity influence one’s risk of getting cancer?
  • Explore the relationship between infantile brain development and food intake.
  • What factors impact one’s ability to follow a particular diet?
  • How is space food made?
  • Discuss the relevance of national food policies.
  • The preventative characteristics of personalized nutrition.
  • How does your diet interact with your immune system?
  • Give an overview of NASA’s achievements to grow edible plants in space.
  • Describe technologies used to ensure food safety .
  • How does high-pressure processing work?
  • Food science: the technology of genetic modification.
  • Enzymes : how does the food industry make use of them?
  • What are the nutraceutical products?
  • How do antioxidants inhibit oxidation processes in foods?
  • The role of microbiology in food science.
  • How do you prevent food from spoiling?
  • What techniques do scientists use to develop functional foods?
  • Do nutrients always disappear during thermal processing?
  • Methods of manufacturing flavors.
  • What’s bad about monosodium glutamate?
  • How is ketchup made?
  • What are the adverse effects of fast food?
  • Analyze the process of extracting oil from plants.
  • Is food irradiation safe?
  • How does food science contribute to an improved diet for older adults ?
  • What makes antioxidants an integral subject of study in food science?
  • Give an overview of food science’s history.
  • Discuss the pros and cons of enriching industrialized bread.
  • What’s the difference between enriching and fortifying?
  • How do you develop new foods?
  • When does consuming food result in poisoning ?
  • Compare various techniques to extract bioactive compounds from plants.
  • What role do refrigerators play in our life?
  • What is natural wine?
  • Describe the process of mass-producing fruit juice.
  • How do scientists genetically engineer plants to yield more produce?
  • Cutting carbon emissions in meat production.
  • How do you make liquid smoke?
  • Are GMO crops generally unhealthy?

🚜 Essay Topics on Farming & Agriculture

Agricultural issues are at the forefront of the political agenda in many countries. It has led the traditional industry to undergo significant changes in the past few decades. The demand for organic food increases, while the laws concerning livestock farming are becoming stricter. How can we make agriculture more sustainable? Explore these and other current topics with our enticing ideas:

  • What is factory farming, and why is it harmful?
  • Why do farms systematically shred male chickens?
  • The role of phosphorus in modern agriculture.

Wendell Berry quote.

  • Describe methods to make agriculture more sustainable.
  • How does climate change impact farming ?
  • Discuss the effect of globalization on sustainable agriculture.
  • Necessary steps of growing and processing cocoa beans.
  • Draw a timeline of agriculture in Australia.
  • Compare plans developed to end world hunger .
  • Discuss methods to curb transnational plant pests.
  • What are the benefits of conventional vs. hydroponic farming?
  • Why did people start growing tobacco?
  • The importance of cash crops in Ghana.
  • What are the advantages of crop rotation?
  • How do you prevent massive food loss?
  • Do robots influence the farming industry?
  • What is remote sensing ?
  • Write about the problem of food safety policies in today’s agriculture.
  • How does machine learning improve seed planting?
  • What does blockchain have to do with agriculture?
  • Palm oil: controversies and problems.
  • The role of farming in combating poverty.
  • What are the ideal conditions for vineyards?
  • Describe the main principles of agroecology.
  • Ways to implement indigenous knowledge into modern farming techniques.
  • What is the impact of conservation agriculture?
  • Why do we need pro-poor growth strategies?
  • How can you secure efficiency in food systems?
  • Describe recent innovations in the farming business.
  • Investigate water recycling in agriculture.
  • What are invasive species?
  • Is the trend of growing bamboo sustainable?
  • How do drainage systems work on farms?
  • What is unique about the treatment of cows that produce Kobe beef?
  • How does farming endanger wildlife?
  • Is agriculture too subsidized?
  • Debate the impact of Fairtrade .
  • Examine the criticism against UTZ certifications.
  • Contrast the rules implemented by various types of organic labels in Europe.
  • Trends in agricultural employment.

We hope you’ve found everything you needed in this article. Good luck with your project!

Further reading:

  • 178 Best Research Titles about Cookery & Food
  • 150 Argumentative Research Paper Topics [Upd.]
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  • Research Areas: University of Toronto
  • Human Nutrition: Essential Nutrients: Encyclopedia Britannica
  • Food Groups—an Overview: Science Direct
  • Vegans: Health Topics: Nutrition Facts
  • Featured Research from Nutrition 2022 Live Online: EurekAlert
  • Research Topics: Department of Agriculture: Australian Government
  • 6 Essential Nutrients: What They Are and Why You Need Them: Healthline
  • Are You Getting Essential Nutrients from Your Diet?: Harvard University
  • About Food Science and Technology: IFT
  • What is Food Science?: McGill University
  • Vegetarian Diet: How to Get the Best Nutrition: Mayo Clinic
  • Moral Vegetarianism: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
  • Eating Disorders: NIMH
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UWM student in garden on UWM campus.

MPH: Nutrition & Dietetics MPH

Are you passionate about nutrition and dietetics? Do you want to improve the health of individuals and communities? Turn your passion into your purpose with a Master’s in Public Health in Nutrition and Dietetics.

Our program prepares you to be a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) – with a deep understanding of public health nutrition, clinical nutrition and food systems management.

And you won’t have to wait until graduation to make an impact. Our program includes hands-on, experience-based training in Milwaukee’s diverse and vibrant communities.

We are now offering Fall and Spring admission for this program.

Scholarships are available for new and continuing students!

Program Type

Master’s

Program Format

Nutrition and public health.

Gianni Vaccaro found that the students she worked with at the Boys & Girls Clubs of Greater Milwaukee got really excited about salad. The youngsters often ate three meals a day at the club. Vaccaro said, “The 5-year-olds would get super stoked about vegetables.”

That experience led Vaccaro to get interested in Milwaukee’s food apartheid – areas of the city where fresh fruit and vegetables and other nutritious foods are harder to come by. She decided to do something about it, and started the non-profit Sauce Milwaukee .

Gianni Vaccaro riding her bike.

  • Faculty & Staff

The MPH-Nutrition and Dietetics program includes coursework and supervised experiential learning experiences that satisfy the ACEND’s® Future Education Model Accreditation Standards for Graduate Programs .

Our program prepares students for eligibility to take the credentialing examination to become a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist.  Learn more about that process here.

This program also satisfies competencies for the Council on Education for Public Health (CEPH). 

Your pathway to a career in dietetics

Are you interested in a career in dietetics but not quite ready to apply for the Master’s of Public Health in Nutrition and Dietetics? Here is information on how you can prepare yourself to successfully apply and enroll.

You have some great options to help you prepare to apply to the MPH-Nutrition and Dietetics program after you complete your undergraduate degree. 

  • Option 1: You can major in Nutritional Sciences and customize your plan of study to include the suggested Pre-dietetics classes . Pre-dietetics is like “Pre-med” – a set of courses that are common prerequisites for graduate programs in dietetics. Most Pre-dietetics courses are already “baked in” to the Nutritional Sciences major.  
  • Option 2: You can major in any field of study at UWM while also completing Pre-dietetics pre-professional coursework. Great options include Public Health, Kinesiology, Biological Sciences, Chemistry, Health Care Informatics, Communication, Psychology, Sociology, Marketing, Urban Studies, Business, and more! 

Advisors in the Zilber College of Public Health can help you get started! 

If you have already completed a bachelor’s degree and are interested in taking courses at UWM to satisfy MPH-Nutrition and Dietetics admission prerequisites, you can apply for admission to UWM as a non-degree/guest student . Information about financial aid options can be found at One Stop Student Financial Services. You can also complete prerequisite courses at other 4-year institutions including 2-year community colleges such as Milwaukee Area Technical College .  

Contact the MPH-Nutrition and Dietetics Program Director for more details.  

MPH Nutrition and Dietetics (64 credits)

All students enrolled in the MPH program take a common set of core classes designed to give basic skills and knowledge of public health concepts. The core curriculum consists of at least 24-25 credit hours, including four credits for the Field Experience (3 credits) and Leadership in Public Health (1 credit) courses and a two-credit capstone seminar. In addition to the common core, students complete the required coursework in one of six specialization tracks (total program credits in parentheses): Biostatistics (46 credits), Community and Behavioral Health Promotion (48-49 credits), Environmental Health Sciences (45 credits), Epidemiology (49 credits), Public Health Policy (48 credits), or Nutrition and Dietetics (64 credits). Students must maintain a cumulative GPA of 3.0 or better in order to progress through the program.

Program Overview

The MPH-Nutrition and Dietetics concentration is designed as a 64-credit, 2-year, full-time program (including two 12-week summer sessions) that follows the UWM academic year calendar . Any potential applicants interested in an extended program option (3 years with three 12-week summer sessions) should contact the MPH-Nutrition and Dietetics Program Director for more information .  

Program orientation  

Attendance at an in-person orientation is mandatory for all newly enrolled MPH students prior to the start of the fall semester. MPH-Nutrition and Dietetics program students will have additional orientation expectations. A detailed orientation schedule will be provided to enrolled students.  

Plan of Study

Please refer to the UWM Academic Catalog for specific course titles, descriptions, and prerequisites for the courses required for the MPH-Nutrition and Dietetics program.

Supervised experiential learning

The MPH-Nutrition and Dietetics program includes over 1,200 hours of supervised experiential learning (SEL). Over 50% of the SEL hours occur at approved placement sites in the Milwaukee area under the supervision of a preceptor; additional hours are accrued through alternate experiences (e.g., course projects, simulations). The majority of the SEL hours in a professional work setting are embedded into three required courses: PH 790 Field Experience in Public Health (240 SEL hours), NUTR 796 Food Systems Management and Field Experience (160 SEL hours), and NUTR 796 Medical Nutrition Therapy Field Experience (384 SEL hours).  

Students will have limited time and opportunity to work while enrolled in the Field Experience courses and should plan accordingly. 

MPH-Nutrition and Dietetics faculty and staff facilitate the placement of students with a preceptor(s) at approved supervised experiential learning sites. Although suggestions are welcomed, students will not be required to identify their own preceptors and/or supervised experiential learning sites. 

To be considered for admission, applicants must complete the required online application via the School of Public Health Application System (SOPHAS; not the UWM Panthera application). Applicants must meet the criteria for admission for all MPH students . The application opens via SOPHAS in August 16, 2023.

Fall 2024 Admission

  • Priority application deadline for Fall 2024 admission is December 1, 2023. Applications will continue to be reviewed on a rolling basis beyond the priority deadline.
  • Final Application Deadline: June 1, 2024 (March 15 th  for International Students)
  • Applicants for Fall 2024 will be required to submit unofficial transcripts with any fall 2024 course grades (if applicable) to be sent directly to a ZCPH representative when they become available. This will allow the Admissions Committee to better evaluate each applicant’s eligibility for admission to the program.

Additional admission requirements for the MPH-Nutrition and Dietetics concentration   

  • Introduction to nutrition (BMS 232 OR NUTR 235)  
  • Introduction to food/food science with lab (NUTR 110)  
  • Life cycle nutrition (NUTR 245)  
  • General biology (lab recommended; BIO SCI 150)  
  • Microbiology (lab recommended; BIO SCI 101)  *
  • Anatomy & physiology (2 semesters with lab; BIO SCI 202 & BIO SCI 203)  
  • Chemistry sequence (minimum of 2 semesters) covering general chemistry with lab, organic chemistry (lab recommended), and biochemistry (preferred sequence: CHEM 102, CHEM 104, CHEM 341, & CHEM 501; OR CHEM 101 & CHEM 103)  
  • Introduction to psychology or sociology (PSYCH 101 OR SOCIOL 101)  *
  • Public speaking (COMMUN 103)  *
  • College algebra (MATH 105 OR MATH 108)  
  • Statistics (MTHSTAT 215 OR KIN 270)  
  • Medical terminology (HS 222)  *
  • Study of diverse populations/cultural diversity (many options available)  
  • Prerequisite coursework must have been completed within the past 10 years.   
  • If you do not meet all the prerequisite course requirements , you may still be eligible for admission . Review important information about prerequisite-related application requirements . *Applicants may request to complete up to two of these courses within the first academic year of the program.  Prerequisite coursework must have been completed within the past 10 years.    Not all prereqs need to be completed at the time of application . For further guidance on prerequisite completion, please request a transcript evaluation from the program director at [email protected] .
  • Applicants should include sections for education, all work experience, internships, community service, leadership experience, research experience, and/or any other relevant experience(s) that would help the admissions committee evaluate the applicant. 
  • Nutrition and Dietetics concentration applicants will be required to submit three letters of recommendation (with at least one from an academic source and one from a non-academic source) who can speak to your potential to contribute to the field of public health, nutrition, and dietetics.  
  • In addition to the essay questions required for all MPH applicants, applicants to the Nutrition and Dietetics concentration must also respond to the following (500 words or less): “Based on your personal background and life experiences, discuss how you can make a unique contribution to the field of public health, nutrition, and dietetics.”  
  • Eligible applicants will be required to participate in an interview (approximately 20-30 minutes; virtual or in-person) with a member of the admissions committee. Some questions will be provided in advance. 

Standardized tests are not required.  

Students do not need to wait to be officially admitted to the program to apply for FAFSA. More information about financing your UWM education can be found at UWM’s One Stop Enrollment and Financial Services .  Read more information about expected program costs and financial aid . 

Number of spots available per cohort   

The UWM MPH-Nutrition and Dietetics program is permitted by ACEND® to enroll up to 20 students per cohort.   

Several cohort slots will be reserved for graduates of UWM’s Pre-dietetics and/or BS Nutritional Sciences program, and graduates of nutrition and dietetics post-secondary education programs in Milwaukee County (i.e., Mount Mary University, Milwaukee Area Technical College).  

The admissions committee will determine the number of reserved cohort slots for graduates of nutrition and dietetics post-secondary education programs in Milwaukee County (reserved cohort one: UWM graduates; reserved cohort two: Mount Mary University, Milwaukee Area Technical College graduates). Should an MATC graduate go on to matriculate from UWM’s BS Nutritional Sciences or Pre-dietetics with a different bachelor’s degree, they will be considered part of reserved cohort one. Qualified applicants who graduated from one of these institutions will be evaluated only against others from the same specified population pool. Should all reserved cohort slots be assigned/filled, any remaining qualified applicants will be considered as part of the general pool and evaluated accordingly.  

Credit for prior learning experiences  

Policies and procedures pertaining to “credit for non-course-based prior work” and on “credit transfer (completed coursework)” can be found in the Zilber Graduate Student Handbook.   

Completed coursework most likely to be eligible for credit transfer into the MPH-Nutrition and Dietetics program are the MPH Common Core courses (exclusions: PH 790 Field Experience in Public Health, PH 791 Leadership in Public Health, and PH 800 Capstone in Public Health).   

Supervised practice experiences and/or experiential learning completed prior to the start of the program will not be considered towards meeting MPH-Nutrition and Dietetics program requirements. All required SEL hours must be completed as part of the program. 

Background Check and Substance Screening

Students in the MPH – Nutrition and Dietetics program are required to participate in background checks and substance screenings prior to clinical placements. You can learn more about that process here .

If you are interested in a program that will prepare you to become a registered dietitian nutritionist, you have come to the right place. Learn about state licensure and the process of becoming a registered dietitian .

Career outlook

The job outlook is bright for future registered dietitian nutritionists! According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, the number of jobs for dietitians and nutritionists is expected to increase 7% between 2021 and 2031.

This growth is fueled by an increasing recognition of the critical role that diet and nutrition-related factors play in the prevention and treatment of disease, and in optimizing health, well-being, and performance. Nutrition and dietetic professionals also examine how individuals and populations can navigate a complex food culture, accommodate diverse dietary needs and rich food traditions, and work to reduce health disparities and advance health equity.  

Nutrition and dietetics professionals often find employment in hospitals, government and non-profit agencies, schools, worksite wellness programs, and many other settings. 

Portrait of Lori Klos

  • Associate Professor, Nutritional Sciences Undergraduate Program Director, MPH-Nutrition & Dietetics Program Director
  • [email protected]
  • 414-251-8220
  • Enderis Hall 455

Portrait of Susan Kundrat

Stephanie Send

Portrait of Lora Taylor De Oliveira

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Nutrition and Dietetics

Obesity is a food-related disorder that affects individuals in their immediate environment by hindering them from accomplishing their desired goals and objectives. Affected individuals have an excess layer of body fat that exposes individuals to a range of other lifestyle diseases that interfere with the overall quality of life. On many occasions, obese individuals may seek help from qualified gym professionals and nutritionists who introduce them to a rigorous program that has had a long-term impact on their perspectives towards life. Some of the health disorders that are easily triggered by obesity include heart disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes. In extreme cases, individuals are exposed to certain types of cancer, which expose them to a wide range of medical issues that interfere with their overall perspectives towards life. From this observation, exploring healthy options that can be exposed to individuals equips nursing practitioners with an opportunity that enhances their decision-making process in the health context.

After calculating the 10-year old’s Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR), it emerged that he was obese. In adults, obesity has far-reaching implications that hinders individuals from accomplishing their desired goals and objectives in their immediate environment. Obesity is caused by poor eating habits, lack of physical exercise, and genetics among other issues that interfere with the overall health status of an individual (Caio et al., 2019). In this regard, the patient’s BMR was 30, indicating his obesity status, which could compromise his overall health status and productivity in their immediate environment.

Unlike the ten-year old whose eating habits comprise of unhealthy foods, the 62-year-old suffers from celiac disease, which is often triggered by consuming food products that contain gluten. Some of the primary symptoms of celiac disease include diarrhea, fatigue, and weight loss among other issues that affect the quality of life of the affected individual (Department of Nutrition, N.D.). Before her diagnosis, the second patient did not consider her food options and mostly indulged in the consumption of caffeine, sugar, and potato chips, which escalated her medical disorder. On many occasions, the choice of food plays an important role in influencing the overall outcomes that can be realized in the health context. For this reason, the disease exposed the patient to a wide range of medical risks that had far-reaching health implications on her lifestyle.

Health applications such as “My Fitness Pal” by Adidas play a significant role in enabling individuals to measure and track their calorie intake. For instance, when using the mobile health app, it is possible for Martha to limit her calorie intake by eliminating the unhealthy food products, which have a higher calorie level than other healthy commodities. Likewise, the ten-year-old’s parents should review his food products and replace them with healthy food options that improve his overall perspectives towards life (Mason et al., 2006). For this reason, combining the different elements that influence the thought process of individuals equips one with a competitive edge to make informed decisions that enhance the outcomes of events in their surroundings.

Examining healthy options that can be exposed to individuals equips nursing practitioners with an opportunity that enhances their decision-making process in the health context. Importantly, the ten-year-old should be placed under corrective parenting that limits his consumption of junk food products to lower his BMR. In the same vein, the long-term health conditions that hinder individuals from maintaining a healthy way of living is disrupted by the numerous advancements in technology that allow individuals to monitor their calorie intake among other human elements.

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  1. Defining a Healthy Diet: Evidence for the Role of Contemporary Dietary Patterns in Health and Disease

    2. Components of a Healthy Diet and Their Benefits. A healthy diet is one in which macronutrients are consumed in appropriate proportions to support energetic and physiologic needs without excess intake while also providing sufficient micronutrients and hydration to meet the physiologic needs of the body [].Macronutrients (i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) provide the energy necessary ...

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    Learn more about nutrition and dietetics with some of the following nutrition research topics: Keto diet and risk considerations. Dietary changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nutrition vs. physical activity for healthy weight management. Methods for improving physical fitness while limiting calorie intake.

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    She graduated from the University of Surrey in 2019 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Nutrition/Dietetics (Hons) and now manages her own business- Dietetic Perspective. Dietetic Perspective is an online platform which is designed to provide understandable, evidence-based nutritional information to help others achieve better health.

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    Assessing Self-Perceived Nutrition-Related Lifestyle Behaviors and Knowledge of University Music Students Following a Targeted Presentation, Gretchen Trumbo. Theses/Dissertations from 2020 PDF. Evaluation of Kentucky Grown Soft Red Winter Wheat with Sensory Evaluation for Bread-making Capabilities and Quality, Asa Conkwright III. PDF

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    721 Words. 3 Pages. Open Document. Proper nutrition is important in maintaining a long and healthy life. Food is essential for our bodies to: develop, replace and repair cells and tissues; produce energy to keep warm, move and work; carry out chemical processes such as the digestion of food; protect against, resist and fight infection and ...

  13. Master of Nutrition and Dietetics: [Essay Example], 466 words

    Master of Nutrition and Dietetics. Categories: Nutrition University. Words: 466 | Page: 1 | 3 min read. Published: Jun 5, 2019. My education has so far given me the perfect set up to understand, learn, also to focus on solutions and not get de-tracked by challenges. After completing 10th grade with a distinction; which is a milestone for any ...

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    In this article, our custom writing experts compiled 280 interesting nutrition research topics to write about in 2024. This collection is made for college students who study pediatrics, dietetics, and sports. But that's not all of it! You'll also learn about nutritional science and what it studies. Contents.

  16. MPH: Nutrition & Dietetics

    In addition to the essay questions required for all MPH applicants, applicants to the Nutrition and Dietetics concentration must also respond to the following (500 words or less): "Based on your personal background and life experiences, discuss how you can make a unique contribution to the field of public health, nutrition, and dietetics."

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