1000+ Problem Solving MCQ Questions and Answers - 1

  • engineering-questions

Question: 1

The maximum length of the data variable can hold is called

(A) header file

(B) length of a variable

(C) field width of a variable

(D) width of a variable

field width of a variable

Question: 2

The program created with the help of an editor is called

(A) source program or source code

(B) linking

(C) source program

(D) object program

source program or source code

Question: 3

Which of the following is easier to be transformed into a computer program?

(A) algorithm

(B) flow chart

(C) pseudo code

(D) none of these

pseudo code

Question: 4

The function printf() is used to print any combination of

(A) character

(C) string, number and character

string, number and character

Question: 5

The use of structure tags allow the structure to be

(A) separate from the constant declaration

(B) separate from the constant declaration

(C) separate from the variable declaration

(D) with the variable declaration

separate from the variable declaration

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Fundamentals of algorithms and problem-solving mcqs.

Home » Computer Science MCQs Sets » Computer Basics MCQs » Fundamentals of Algorithms and problem-solving MCQs

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1. Which graph algorithm can be used to find the longest path in a directed acyclic graph (DAG)?

  • Depth-first search (DFS)
  • Breadth-first search (BFS)
  • Topological sort
  • Dijkstra's algorithm

Topological sort can be used to find the longest path in a directed acyclic graph (DAG).

2. What does "brute force" mean in the context of problem-solving?

  • Using the most complex approach to solve a problem
  • Trying all possible solutions without optimization
  • Solving problems without a plan
  • Applying advanced mathematics to solve a problem

"Brute force" in problem-solving means trying all possible solutions without optimization.

3. What is "trial and error" as a problem-solving strategy?

  • A systematic approach to problem-solving
  • Randomly trying different solutions until one works
  • A method used only in mathematics
  • A formal proof technique

"Trial and error" as a problem-solving strategy involves randomly trying different solutions until one succeeds.

4. What is "divide and conquer" as a problem-solving technique?

  • A strategy that avoids breaking problems into smaller subproblems
  • A strategy that involves solving the largest subproblem first
  • A strategy that breaks a problem into smaller subproblems and solves them independently
  • A strategy that only works for small-scale problems

"Divide and conquer" is a problem-solving technique that breaks a problem into smaller subproblems and solves them independently.

5. In problem-solving, what is a "heuristic"?

  • An optimal solution to a problem
  • A rule of thumb or a practical approach to find a solution
  • A random choice among multiple solutions

A heuristic is a rule of thumb or a practical approach used to find a solution in problem-solving.

6. What is "trial division" as a technique in number theory and prime factorization?

  • A method to find the smallest prime number
  • A method to verify if a number is prime by dividing it by smaller primes
  • A method to find the largest prime number
  • A method to add prime numbers

"Trial division" is a technique in number theory and prime factorization used to verify if a number is prime by dividing it by smaller primes.

7. What is the primary purpose of "backtracking" in problem-solving?

  • To find the optimal solution
  • To explore all possible solutions systematically
  • To avoid exploring all possible solutions
  • To simplify the problem

The primary purpose of "backtracking" in problem-solving is to explore all possible solutions systematically, typically in a recursive manner.

8. What is an algorithm?

  • A data structure used to store information
  • A sequence of steps to solve a problem
  • A programming language
  • A type of computer hardware

An algorithm is a sequence of steps or instructions designed to solve a specific problem or perform a task.

9. What is the primary goal of algorithm analysis?

  • To design algorithms
  • To implement algorithms
  • To compare algorithms and evaluate their efficiency
  • To debug algorithms

The primary goal of algorithm analysis is to compare algorithms and evaluate their efficiency.

10. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good algorithm?

  • Clarity and simplicity
  • Efficiency in terms of time and space
  • The use of complex data structures
  • Correctness

A good algorithm is characterized by clarity, simplicity, efficiency, and correctness. Complex data structures may be used if necessary, but simplicity is preferred.

11. What is the purpose of pseudocode in algorithm development?

  • To hide the algorithm's logic
  • To provide a step-by-step implementation guide
  • To obfuscate the algorithm
  • To prevent others from understanding the algorithm

Pseudocode is used to provide a step-by-step implementation guide for an algorithm, making it easier to understand and develop.

12. Which algorithm design technique involves breaking a problem into smaller subproblems and solving each subproblem recursively?

  • Divide and conquer
  • Dynamic programming
  • Greedy algorithm
  • Backtracking

The "divide and conquer" algorithm design technique involves breaking a problem into smaller subproblems and solving each subproblem recursively.

13. What is the time complexity of an algorithm?

  • The number of steps required to execute the algorithm
  • The amount of memory used by the algorithm
  • The analysis of the algorithm's efficiency in terms of input size
  • The number of loops in the algorithm

Time complexity is the analysis of an algorithm's efficiency in terms of input size.

14. What is the "Big O notation" used for in algorithm analysis?

  • To measure the algorithm's popularity
  • To describe the algorithm's internal details
  • To express the upper bound of an algorithm's time complexity
  • To provide pseudocode for the algorithm

The Big O notation is used to express the upper bound of an algorithm's time complexity.

15. Which of the following time complexities represents the most efficient algorithm?

O(1) represents constant time complexity, which is the most efficient algorithm in terms of time.

16. What is the space complexity of an algorithm?

  • The analysis of the algorithm's efficiency in terms of output size

Space complexity is the amount of memory used by the algorithm.

17. What does "optimization" refer to in the context of algorithms?

  • The process of making an algorithm more complex
  • The process of making an algorithm run slower
  • The process of improving an algorithm's efficiency
  • The process of making an algorithm more obscure

Optimization in the context of algorithms refers to the process of improving an algorithm's efficiency.

18. Which searching algorithm works by repeatedly dividing the search range in half until the target element is found?

  • Linear search
  • Binary search
  • Quick search
  • Merge search

Binary search works by repeatedly dividing the search range in half until the target element is found.

19. Which sorting algorithm has an average time complexity of O(n log n) and is often used for large datasets?

  • Bubble sort
  • Insertion sort
  • Selection sort

Merge sort has an average time complexity of O(n log n) and is efficient for large datasets.

20. What is the primary advantage of quicksort over some other sorting algorithms like bubble sort and insertion sort?

  • Quicksort always has a time complexity of O(1).
  • Quicksort is a stable sorting algorithm.
  • Quicksort has an average time complexity of O(n log n).
  • Quicksort uses fewer comparisons.

Quicksort has an average time complexity of O(n log n), which is more efficient than the average case time complexity of bubble sort and insertion sort.

21. Which sorting algorithm repeatedly selects the smallest element from the unsorted part of the array and places it at the beginning of the sorted part?

Selection sort repeatedly selects the smallest element from the unsorted part and places it at the beginning of the sorted part.

22. What is the time complexity of the bubble sort algorithm in the worst-case scenario?

The worst-case time complexity of the bubble sort algorithm is O(n^2).

23. What data structure represents a collection of nodes connected by edges, where each edge has a direction?

  • Linked list

A graph represents a collection of nodes connected by edges, where edges can have directions.

24. In a binary tree, how many children can each node have at most?

In a binary tree, each node can have at most two children: a left child and a right child.

25. What is the root node in a tree data structure?

  • The node with the highest value
  • The first node in the tree
  • The node with the lowest value
  • The topmost node from which all other nodes descend

The root node in a tree data structure is the topmost node from which all other nodes descend.

26. Which traversal method starts from the root node and explores as far as possible along each branch before backtracking?

  • Inorder traversal
  • Preorder traversal
  • Postorder traversal
  • Depth-first traversal

Preorder traversal starts from the root node and explores as far as possible along each branch before backtracking.

27. What is a common application of breadth-first search (BFS) in graph algorithms?

  • Finding the shortest path between two nodes
  • Sorting the nodes in a graph
  • Calculating the depth of a tree
  • Traversing a tree in preorder

A common application of breadth-first search (BFS) is finding the shortest path between two nodes in a graph.

28. What is dynamic programming commonly used for in algorithm design?

  • Solving problems that cannot be solved by algorithms
  • Solving problems by breaking them into smaller subproblems and caching their solutions
  • Creating algorithms without any optimization
  • Generating random solutions to problems

Dynamic programming is commonly used for solving problems by breaking them into smaller subproblems and caching their solutions to avoid redundant computation.

29. What is memoization in the context of dynamic programming?

  • A technique for generating random numbers
  • A method for optimizing algorithms using parallel processing
  • Caching and reusing previously computed results to avoid redundant calculations
  • A type of sorting algorithm

Memoization in dynamic programming involves caching and reusing previously computed results to avoid redundant calculations.

30. Which dynamic programming technique typically uses a table to store and retrieve solutions to subproblems?

  • Memoization

Tabulation is a dynamic programming technique that typically uses a table to store and retrieve solutions to subproblems.

31. In dynamic programming, what does "optimal substructure" mean?

  • The process of finding the best algorithm
  • The property that the optimal solution to a problem can be constructed from the optimal solutions of its subproblems
  • The use of greedy algorithms
  • The analysis of algorithm efficiency

Optimal substructure is the property that the optimal solution to a problem can be constructed from the optimal solutions of its subproblems.

32. What is the primary advantage of dynamic programming over brute-force methods?

  • Dynamic programming always produces the correct result.
  • Dynamic programming is faster.
  • Dynamic programming requires less memory.
  • Dynamic programming optimally solves all problems.

The primary advantage of dynamic programming is that it is often faster than brute-force methods because it avoids redundant computations.

33. What is a greedy algorithm in algorithm design?

  • An algorithm that always selects the largest available option
  • An algorithm that makes a series of choices, each one being the best decision at the moment
  • An algorithm that never backtracks
  • An algorithm that solves problems by brute force

A greedy algorithm makes a series of choices, each being the best decision at the moment, with the hope of finding a globally optimal solution.

34. In the context of greedy algorithms, what is a "greedy choice property"?

  • The property that a locally optimal choice leads to a globally optimal solution
  • The property that a greedy algorithm is always the best choice
  • The property that a greedy algorithm never makes a mistake
  • The property that a greedy algorithm selects the largest option first

The greedy choice property states that a locally optimal choice in a greedy algorithm leads to a globally optimal solution.

35. Which classic greedy algorithm is used to solve the problem of finding the minimum number of coins needed to make change for a given amount of money?

  • Kruskal's algorithm
  • Huffman coding
  • Coin change algorithm

The coin change algorithm is used to find the minimum number of coins needed to make change for a given amount of money.

36. What is the primary drawback of greedy algorithms?

  • They are slow and inefficient.
  • They can sometimes lead to suboptimal solutions.
  • They require a lot of memory.
  • They are difficult to implement.

The primary drawback of greedy algorithms is that they can sometimes lead to suboptimal solutions because they make locally optimal choices at each step.

37. What is a "cycle" in a directed graph?

  • A path that visits every node exactly once
  • A path that visits the same node twice or more, starting and ending at the same node
  • A path that visits every node in the graph
  • A path that visits all leaf nodes

In a directed graph, a cycle is a path that visits the same node twice or more, starting and ending at the same node.

38. Which algorithm is commonly used to find the shortest path between nodes in a weighted graph?

Dijkstra's algorithm is commonly used to find the shortest path between nodes in a weighted graph.

39. What is a "topological sort" of a directed acyclic graph (DAG)?

  • An arrangement of nodes in ascending order based on their values
  • An arrangement of nodes in descending order based on their values
  • A linear ordering of nodes such that for every directed edge (u, v), node u comes before node v
  • A linear ordering of nodes that connects all nodes in a graph

A topological sort of a directed acyclic graph (DAG) is a linear ordering of nodes such that for every directed edge (u, v), node u comes before node v.

40. What is a "spanning tree" of a graph?

  • A tree that includes all nodes of the graph
  • A tree with the fewest number of nodes
  • A tree with the most number of nodes
  • A tree with no nodes

A spanning tree of a graph is a tree that includes all nodes of the graph.

41. In dynamic programming, what is "bottom-up" or "tabulation" approach?

  • Starting with the largest subproblems and solving them first
  • Starting with the smallest subproblems and solving them first
  • Starting with the middle-sized subproblems and solving them first
  • Starting with the most complex subproblems and solving them first

The "bottom-up" or "tabulation" approach in dynamic programming starts with the smallest subproblems and solves them first, building up to the larger problem.

42. In dynamic programming, what is the "optimal substructure" property?

  • The property that an algorithm always produces the optimal solution
  • The property that an algorithm never uses subproblems
  • The property that the optimal solution can be constructed from optimal solutions of subproblems
  • The property that subproblems cannot be solved independently

The "optimal substructure" property in dynamic programming states that the optimal solution can be constructed from optimal solutions of subproblems.

43. What is the purpose of a "memoization table" in dynamic programming?

  • To store the algorithm's pseudocode
  • To store the names of subproblems
  • To cache and retrieve previously computed results of subproblems
  • To store debugging information

A memoization table in dynamic programming is used to cache and retrieve previously computed results of subproblems to avoid redundant calculations.

44. What is the "overlap" property in dynamic programming?

  • The property that two subproblems share a common solution
  • The property that subproblems do not share any common elements
  • The property that all subproblems have identical solutions

The "overlap" property in dynamic programming refers to the property that two or more subproblems share a common solution, leading to the need for memoization.

45. In the context of dynamic programming, what is "pruning"?

  • The process of removing nodes from a graph
  • The process of reducing the complexity of an algorithm
  • The process of removing unnecessary branches from a search
  • The process of rearranging data structures

In dynamic programming, pruning is the process of removing unnecessary branches from a search to reduce computational effort.

46. Which dynamic programming technique uses a bottom-up approach and fills a table iteratively to solve problems?

  • Greedy approach

The tabulation technique in dynamic programming uses a bottom-up approach and fills a table iteratively to solve problems.

47. What is a "weighted graph" in graph theory?

  • A graph with no edges
  • A graph in which each edge has a numerical weight or cost
  • A graph with a large number of nodes
  • A directed graph

A weighted graph is a graph in which each edge has a numerical weight or cost associated with it.

48. Which graph algorithm is used to find the minimum spanning tree of a weighted, connected graph?

  • Bellman-Ford algorithm

Kruskal's algorithm is used to find the minimum spanning tree of a weighted, connected graph.

49. What is a "strongly connected component" in a directed graph?

  • A component that contains only one node
  • A component in which any two nodes are connected by a single edge
  • A component in which there is a directed path from any node to any other node
  • A component with the fewest edges

A strongly connected component in a directed graph is a component in which there is a directed path from any node to any other node within the component.

50. What is a "cycle detection" algorithm used for in graph theory?

  • Detecting loops or cycles in a graph
  • Finding the maximum flow in a network

A cycle detection algorithm is used to detect loops or cycles in a graph.

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Top 50 Data Structures MCQs with Answers

Which of the following sorting algorithms can be used to sort a random linked list with minimum time complexity?

Insertion Sort

In the worst case, the number of comparisons needed to search a singly linked list of length n for a given element is (GATE CS 2002)

log(2*n) -1

Let P be a singly linked list. Let Q be the pointer to an intermediate node x in the list. What is the worst-case time complexity of the best known algorithm to delete the node Q from the list?

What is the worst case time complexity of inserting n elements into an empty linked list, if the linked list needs to be maintained in sorted order ?

Consider the following conditions:

 (a)The solution must be feasible, i.e. it must satisfy all the supply and demand constraints. 

(b)The number of positive allocations must be equal to m1n21, where m is the number of rows and n is the number of columns. 

(c)All the positive allocations must be in independent positions. 

The initial solution of a transportation problem is said to be non-degenerate basic feasible solution if it satisfies: Codes:

(a) and (b) only

(a) and (c) only

(b) and (c) only

(a), (b) and (c)

  • In push operation, if new nodes are inserted at the beginning of linked list, then in pop operation, nodes must be removed from end.
  • In push operation, if new nodes are inserted at the end, then in pop operation, nodes must be removed from the beginning.
  • Both of the above
  • None of the above
  • Managing function calls
  • The stock span problem
  • Arithmetic expression evaluation
  • All of the above

Question 10

There are 50 questions to complete.

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Essential Psychology

Student resources, multiple choice questions.

1. The Tower of London problem-solving task was developed by

  • Shackleton (1982)
  • Shallice (1982)
  • Sheriff (1982)
  • Sherrington (1982)

2. The process of breaking down goals into subgoals is termed

  • means–ends analysis
  • initial-desired state analysis
  • subgoal appropriation
  • subgoal potentiation

3. According to Newell and Simon, a problem-solver

  • analyzes all possible solutions before beginning
  • attempts to resolve differences between problem states
  • works backwards from the goal state
  • prioritizes subgoals

4. What computer programme did Newell and Simon create to validate their theory?

  • general purpose solution
  • general problem solver
  • enigma machine

5. A challenge to Newell and Simon’s problem-solving theory is that

  • experts mostly use means–ends analysis
  • novices mostly use means–ends analysis
  • experts do not always use means–ends analysis
  • novices do not always use means–ends analysis

6. Answers that appear out of the blue to solve problems are

7. Difficulty seeing the solution to a problem is

  • means analysis

8. Which is NOT a type of reasoning?

  • probabilistic

9. Bayes’ theorem can be used to calculate

  • possibility
  • probability
  • information criterion
  • means–ends differences

10. A heuristic is

  • a rule of thumb
  • Math Article

Arithmetic Questions

Arithmetic Questions and solutions are given here contain various problems on numbers and simplification of numerical expressions. Practising these solved questions of arithmetic will help you boost problem-solving skills and enhance your speed of working with numerical simplification problems. As we know, basic arithmetic questions involve simple addition/subtraction/multiplication/division problems. Let’s solve problems in arithmetic here in this article.

What is arithmetic?

In mathematics, arithmetic is the act of working with numbers, which means performing various operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. And these operations are referred to as arithmetic operations. Also, we use the BODMAS rule to solve arithmetic questions accurately.

Click here to learn in detail about arithmetic .

Arithmetic Questions and Answers

1. The total age of three kids in a family is 27 years. What will be the total of their ages after three years?

Total age of three kids = 27 years

After three years, the age of each kid will increase by 3.

So, the total age after three years = 27 + 3 × 3

Therefore, the total age of three kids after three years will be 36 years.

2. Find the product of all the numbers present on the calculator pad.

Numbers on the calculator pad = 0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Product of all these numbers = 0 × 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 × 6 × 7 × 8 × 9 = 0 {since the product of any number with 0 is also 0)

3. Jessi ran 12 laps every day for two weeks. How many laps did she run in all?

Number of laps ran by Jessi in a day = 12

Number of day = 2 weeks = 2 × 7 days = 14 days

Total laps run by Jessi in 2 weeks = 12 × 14 = 168

4. Simplify: 133 – 19 × 2 + 15

133 – 19 × 2 + 15

= 133 – 38 + 15

= 148 – 38

Therefore, 133 – 19 × 2 + 15 = 110.

5. Find the next term of the arithmetic sequence 177, 173, 169, 165,…

Given arithmetic sequence is:

177, 173, 169, 165,…

Here, 173 – 177 = -4

169 – 173 = -4

165 – 169 = -4

So, the next term = 165 – 4 = 161

6. Kamal’s annual income is Rs. 288000. His annual savings amount to Rs. 36000. What is his total yearly expenditure?

The annual income of Kamal = Rs. 288000

Annual savings = Rs. 36000

Total yearly expenditure of Kamal = Rs. 288000 – Rs. 36000 = Rs. 252000

7. Find the value of 45 ÷ 9 × 3 + 15 – 6

45 ÷ 9 × 3 + 15 – 6

= 5 × 3 + 15 – 6

= 15 + 15 – 6

= 30 – 6

Hence, the value of 45 ÷ 9 × 3 + 15 – 6 is 24.

8. Simplify the numerical expression: [36 ÷ (-9)] ÷ [(-24) ÷ 6]

[36 ÷ (-9)] ÷ [(-24) ÷ 6]

This can be written as:

= (36/-9) ÷ (-24/6)

= (-4) ÷ (-4)

Thus, [36 ÷ (-9)] ÷ [(-24) ÷ 6] = 1.

9. Find the missing number in the following: 7 – 24 ÷ 8 × m + 6 = 1

7 – 24 ÷ 8 × m + 6 = 1

7 – (24/8) × m + 6 = 1

7 – 3 × m + 6 = 1

13 – 3 × m = 1

⇒ 3 × m = 13 – 1

⇒ 3 × m = 12

Therefore, the missing number is 4.

10. Mehak bought 96 toys priced equally for Rs. 12960. The amount of Rs. 1015 is still left with him. Find the cost of each toy and the amount he had.

Number of toys Mehak bought = 96 toys

Cost of 96 toys = 12960

Cost of one toy = 12960/96 = 135

Amount left with him = 1015

Amount he gave = 12960

Amount he had initially = 12960 + 1015 = 13975

Thus, the cost of each toy was Rs. 135, and he had the amount of Rs. 13975.

Practice Questions on Arithmetic

  • Simplify: 19 × 8 + 25 − 2 ÷ (44 − 2)
  • Find the value of 4 + 64 × (30 ÷ 5).
  • The cost of one apple is Rs. 24. Find the cost of 15 such apples.
  • A shoe factory manufactured 70,000 shoes in 60 days. How many shoes did it manufacture per day?
  • A chicken pen held 7 chickens. Each chicken lays 5 eggs a day. How many eggs would they get altogether after 32 days?

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Decision Making and Problem Solving

Last updated on December 10, 2023 by Alex Andrews George

Decision Making and Problem Solving

ClearIAS.com is dedicated to providing aspirants with essential tools to successfully navigate the UPSC Civil Services Prelims .

One such tool is the ability to think decisively, which is critical for effectively tackling the CSAT (Civil Services Aptitude Test) Paper .

This blog will delve into the importance of decision-making and problem-solving skills, further illuminated through Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) examples with detailed solutions.

Table of Contents

Importance of Decision Making & Problem Solving

Decision making and problem-solving are pivotal skills tested in the CSAT paper . As future civil servants, aspirants need to develop these skills to address complex, multifaceted problems efficiently and ethically.

1. Decision Making

Decision making is the process of making choices by evaluating alternatives. It requires analytical and critical thinking skills, alongside an understanding of the implications and consequences of each option.

2. Problem Solving

Problem-solving entails identifying, analyzing, and resolving problems in a systematic manner. It often requires innovative thinking and the ability to apply learned concepts to novel situations.

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MCQ Examples of Decision-Making Questions

Below are MCQ examples that demonstrate decision-making skills:

Scenario: An area is affected by severe flooding. You, as a district magistrate, have limited resources. Which of the following should be your immediate priority?

  • A. Repairing roads
  • B. Distributing food and water
  • C. Rebuilding houses
  • D. Organizing entertainment to lift people’s spirits

Answer: B. Distributing food and water

Solution: Immediate needs like food and water are crucial for survival in disaster scenarios, making them the top priority.

Scenario: You are working on a project with a tight deadline. Your team member is consistently delivering work late, affecting the timeline. What should be your immediate step?

  • A. Report the member to higher authorities
  • B. Remove the member from the team
  • C. Discuss the issue with the member
  • D. Ignore the issue and adjust the project timeline

Answer: C. Discuss the issue with the member

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Solution: Communication is key in resolving team disputes. Before taking drastic measures, understanding the member’s perspective and finding a solution collaboratively is advisable.

Scenario: Your city is facing a significant rise in COVID-19 cases. As an officer, you are assigned to create awareness. Which approach is most effective?

  • A. Distribute pamphlets
  • B. Organize large public awareness events
  • C. Implement awareness through social media and local networks
  • D. Ignore the situation, assuming people are already aware

Answer: C. Implement awareness through social media and local networks

Solution: Social media and local networks provide wide reach without risking further spread through large gatherings.

Scenario: There is a proposal for a new dam which will provide water and electricity but will displace a local tribe. What should you consider first?

  • A. Proceed with the construction immediately
  • B. Reject the proposal outright
  • C. Assess alternative solutions and engage with the tribe for their input
  • D. Delay the decision indefinitely

Answer: C. Assess alternative solutions and engage with the tribe for their input

Solution: It is essential to balance development and the welfare of all stakeholders involved, necessitating a thorough assessment and inclusive decision-making process.

Scenario: As a civil servant, you receive two projects. Project A will benefit a large number of people slightly. Project B will significantly benefit a smaller group. Which project should be prioritized?

  • A. Project A
  • B. Project B

Answer: C. Both

Solution: Civil services work for the welfare of all. An ideal approach would be finding a way to implement both projects effectively, balancing the broader good with significant impact where needed.

Scenario: You have a limited budget for a healthcare initiative. What is the crucial factor to consider when deciding which health programs to fund?

  • A. Popularity of the program
  • B. Political backing
  • C. Program’s potential impact on public health
  • D. The novelty of the program

Answer: C. Program’s potential impact on public health

Solution: The primary consideration for any healthcare initiative should be its potential positive impact on public health, ensuring that it addresses the community’s most pressing health needs efficiently.

John needs to choose between two job offers. Offer A has a higher salary but is located in a city with a high cost of living. Offer B has a lower salary but is situated in a town with a lower cost of living. Which job offer should John choose?

  • D. Cannot be determined

Answer: D. Cannot be determined

Solution : This question requires decision-making skills. Without knowing John’s priorities and values, the answer cannot be determined. Each offer has its pros and cons, and the decision rests on John’s personal preferences and circumstances.

MCQ Examples of Problem-Solving Questions

What is the next number in the series: 2, 6, 12, 20?

Answer: B. 30

Solution : This is a series problem. The series is progressing by adding consecutive even numbers (4, 6, 8, etc.). Thus, 20 + 10 = 30.

If all Ps are Qs, and some Qs are Rs, which of the following must be true?

  • A. All Ps are Rs
  • B. Some Ps are Rs
  • C. No Ps are Rs
  • D. None of the above

Answer: D. None of the above

Solution : Without definite information, we cannot confirm any of the given options. It is possible that some Ps are Rs, but it is not necessarily true.

Three individuals have to be selected from a group of 6 people. How many different combinations are possible?

Answer: C. 20

Solution : This is a combination problem. The number of ways to choose 3 individuals from 6 is given by the combination formula: 6C3 = 6! / (3!*(6-3)!) = 20.

If a shirt costs Rs.40 after a 20% discount, what was its original price?

Answer: B. Rs.50

Solution : Let the original price be X. The shirt is sold for 80% of its original price after a 20% discount. So, 0.80X = Rs.40. Solving for X gives X = Rs.50.

A train covers a distance of 150 km in 2.5 hours. What is its average speed?

Answer: A. 60 km/h

Solution : Average speed is obtained by dividing the total distance by the total time taken. So, 150 km / 2.5 hours = 60 km/h.

How to study Decision Making and Problem Solving for CSAT?

Students may note that this article on Decision Making and Problem Solving is just an overview of the topic. There is a lot more to learn about Decision Making and Problem Solving in the CSAT paper.

We recommend the below sources to learn the subject.

  • Join the ClearIAS CSAT Course .
  • Join ClearIAS Prelims Test Series .
  • Join ClearIAS Prelims cum Mains Course.
  • Go through ClearIAS YouTube Classes on CSAT.
  • Read books on CSAT .

Also read:   CSAT Course: UPSC Prelims Paper 2 Program

Decision-making and problem-solving are vital skills for the UPSC CSAT Prelims and for effective functioning as a civil servant .

As you have seen the decision-making and problem-solving section is not limited to scenario-based questions!

Aspirants should keep in mind that any questions which are problem-solving or decision-making in nature can be asked from this section.

Further, questions may not be limited to the Class X level, as is the case with the basic numeracy section or data interpretation.

Practising decision-making and problem-solving questions not only improves these skills but also boosts your confidence in tackling the diverse set of problems presented in the examination.

For more resources and practice questions, continue exploring ClearIAS.com. Happy studying!

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Steps in Problem Solving Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) PDF Download

Computer Fundamentals Software Engineering App (Play Store)

The eBook Steps in Problem Solving Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ Quiz) with Answers (Steps in Problem Solving MCQ PDF Book) download to practice Computer Fundamentals Tests . Learn Using Computers to Solve Problems Multiple Choice Questions and Answers (MCQs) , Steps in Problem Solving quiz answers PDF to study computing courses online. The Steps in Problem Solving MCQ App Download: Free learning app for representing algorithms flowcharts and structure diagram, steps in systems analysis and design, computer systems, program design and implementation test prep for master's degree in computer science.

The MCQ: Second step in problem solving process is to ; "Steps in Problem Solving" App Download (Free) with answers practicing the solution, organizing the data, design a solution and define a problem to study computing courses online. Practice Steps in Problem Solving Quiz Questions , download Google eBook (Free Sample) for BSc computer science.

Steps in Problem Solving MCQs: Questions and Answers PDF Download

MCQ 1 : Last step in process of problem solving is to

  • design a solution
  • define a problem
  • practicing the solution
  • organizing the data

MCQ 2 : Second step in problem solving process is to

MCQ 3 : Thing to keep in mind while solving a problem is

  • output data
  • stored data
  • all of above

MCQ 4 : First step in process of problem solving is to

Steps in Problem Solving MCQs App: Free Download Android & iOS

The App: Steps in Problem Solving MCQs App to learn Steps in Problem Solving, Computer Fundamentals MCQs App, and Digital Image Processing MCQ App. The free "Steps in Problem Solving MCQs" App to download Android & iOS Apps includes complete analytics with interactive assessments. Download App Store & Play Store learning Applications & enjoy 100% functionality with subscriptions!

Steps in Problem Solving App (Android & iOS)

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Computer Networks Practice Questions

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Computer Networks MCQ Questions

  • In Synchronous Transport Signal (STS), multiplexing can also take place at the higher
  • Congestion control and quality of service is the qualities of the
  • In a periodic update, a node sends its routing table normally after every
  • Bluetooth allows the station to define a quality of
  • In Internet Protocol Version (IPv4) datagram, padding is added if the size
  • Last step in Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) is

Steps in Problem Solving MCQs Book Questions

  • Main store of the computer memory includes the
  • Error which occurs when user tried to use a device which is
  • Analyst with approved report helps in implementing
  • Defining data requirements such as input and output is classified as
  • Program which exactly perform the operations that its manual says is classified as
  • Counter that holds instruction fetched from store during decoding and execution is called

StackHowTo

  • Algorithms MCQ Questions and Answers – Fundamentals – Part 1

C omputer architecture MCQ questions and answers for the preparation of tests, exams, and certifications. So you will find questions about loops and conditionals, data structure, complexity, flowchart, pseudocode, and much more. This systematic learning method will easily prepare anyone to pass their exam.  

1. What is an algorithm?

A A flowchart

B A flowchart or pseudocode

C A decision

D Step by step instructions used to solve a problem

2. What are the three algorithm constructions?

A Input, Output, Process

B Sequence, Selection, Repeat

C Input/Output, Decision, Repeat

D Loop, Input/Output, Process

  • Repetition.

   

3. What is the difference between a flowchart and a pseudocode?

A A flowchart is a diagram while the pseudocode is written in a programming language (e.g. Pascal or Java)

B A flowchart is textual but the pseudocode is a diagram

C A flowchart is a schematic description of an algorithm, while pseudocode is a textual description of an algorithm.

D A flowchart and a pseudocode are the same

4. In a flowchart, an input or output instruction is represented by _____?

A A diamond

B Rectangle

C Parallelogram

problem solving mcq questions and answers

5. In a flowchart, a calculation (process) is represented by _____?

problem solving mcq questions and answers

6. To repeat a task, we use a ____?

B Condition

7. If ....... then ....... else ....... End If check ____?

A Only one condition

B Two conditions

C Three conditions

D Multiple conditions

8. REPEAT <processing> UNTIL <condition> is a ______?

A Positive loop

The following example uses the REPEAT UNTIL structure to read and validate a positive value:

problem solving mcq questions and answers

    9. A flowchart should represent the situation in which, for each grade, a student receives a “Good” or ” Average” the system will consider the grade and if it is equal to or greater than 12, assigns a “Good” grade, otherwise it assigns a “Passable” grade. Which of the following options will be used?   A Input

10. What is a Flowchart?

A A way to design a text-based algorithm

B A specific programming language

C A diagram that represents a set of instructions

D A scheme of instructions

mcq

Algorithms MCQ Questions and Answers – Fundamentals – Part 2

Algorithms mcq questions and answers – fundamentals – part 3.

  • Algorithms MCQ – Data Structures & Complexity – Part 1
  • Algorithms MCQ – Data Structures & Complexity – Part 2

Algorithms MCQ – Data Structures & Complexity – Part 3

  • Algorithms MCQ – Data Structures & Complexity – Part 4
  • MS Word MCQ Questions and Answers – Part 6

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Artificial Intelligence MCQ – Problem-Solving Agents

Here are 25 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) related to Artificial Intelligence, focusing specifically on Problem-Solving Agents. Each question includes four options, the correct answer, and a brief explanation. These MCQ questions cover various aspects of AI problem-solving agents, including algorithms, search strategies, optimization techniques, and problem-solving methods, providing a comprehensive overview of this area in AI.

1. What is the primary objective of a problem-solving agent in AI?

Explanation:.

A problem-solving agent is designed to find a sequence of actions that leads from the initial state to a goal state, solving a specific problem or achieving a set goal.

2. In AI, a heuristic function is used in problem-solving to:

A heuristic function is used to guide the search process by providing an educated guess about the cost to reach the goal from each node, thus helping to efficiently reduce the search space.

3. Which algorithm is commonly used for pathfinding in AI?

The A* Algorithm is widely used for pathfinding and graph traversal. It efficiently finds the shortest path between two nodes in a graph, combining the features of uniform-cost search and greedy best-first search.

4. What is "backtracking" in AI problem-solving?

Backtracking involves going back to previous states and trying different actions when the current path does not lead to a solution, allowing for exploring alternative solutions.

5. The "branch and bound" technique in AI is used to:

Branch and bound is an algorithmic technique used for solving various optimization problems. It systematically enumerates candidate solutions by branching and then uses a bounding function to eliminate suboptimal solutions.

6. Which of the following is a characteristic of a depth-first search algorithm?

Depth-first search explores as far as possible along each branch before backtracking, going deep into a search tree before exploring siblings of earlier nodes.

7. In AI, "constraint satisfaction problems" are typically solved using:

Constraint satisfaction problems, where a set of constraints must be met, are commonly solved using backtracking algorithms, which incrementally build candidates to the solutions and abandon candidates as soon as they determine that the candidate cannot possibly be completed to a valid solution.

8. The primary goal of "minimax" algorithm in AI is:

The minimax algorithm is used in decision-making and game theory to minimize the possible loss for a worst-case scenario. When dealing with gains, it seeks to maximize the minimum gain.

9. What is "state space" in AI problem-solving?

The state space in AI problem-solving refers to the set of all possible states that can be reached from the initial state by applying a sequence of actions. It is often represented as a graph.

10. In AI, "pruning" in the context of search algorithms refers to:

Pruning in search algorithms involves eliminating paths that are unlikely to lead to the goal or are less optimal, thus reducing the search space and improving efficiency.

11. The "traveling salesman problem" in AI is an example of:

The traveling salesman problem is a classic optimization problem in AI and computer science, where the goal is to find the shortest possible route that visits a set of locations and returns to the origin.

12. "Greedy best-first search" in AI prioritizes:

Greedy best-first search is a search algorithm that prioritizes nodes that seem to be leading to a solution the quickest, often using a heuristic to estimate the cost from the current node to the goal.

13. In AI, "dynamic programming" is used to:

Dynamic programming is a method for solving complex problems by breaking them down into simpler subproblems. It is used when the subproblems are overlapping and the problem exhibits the properties of optimal substructure.

14. The "Monte Carlo Tree Search" algorithm in AI is widely used in:

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is an algorithm used for making decisions in some kinds of game-playing, particularly where it is impractical to search all possible moves due to the complexity of the game.

15. What does an "admissible heuristic" in AI guarantee?

An admissible heuristic is one that never overestimates the cost to reach the goal. In heuristic search algorithms, using an admissible heuristic guarantees finding an optimal solution.

16. The concept of "hill climbing" in AI problem solving is similar to:

Hill climbing in AI is a mathematical optimization technique which belongs to the family of local search. It is used to solve computational problems by continuously moving in the direction of increasing elevation or value.

17. The "no free lunch theorem" in AI implies that:

The "no free lunch" theorem states that no one algorithm works best for every problem. It implies that each problem needs to be approached uniquely and that there's no universally superior method.

18. In AI, "means-ends analysis" is a technique used in:

Means-ends analysis is a problem-solving technique used in AI that involves breaking down the difference between the current state and the goal state into smaller and smaller differences, then achieving those smaller goals.

19. The "Pigeonhole principle" in AI is used to:

In AI and mathematics, the Pigeonhole principle is used to prove that a solution exists under certain conditions. It states that if n items are put into m containers, with n > m, then at least one container must contain more than one item.

20. "Simulated annealing" in AI is inspired by:

Simulated annealing is an optimization algorithm that mimics the process of annealing in metallurgy. It involves heating and controlled cooling of a material to increase the size of its crystals and reduce their defects.

21. In AI, the "Bellman-Ford algorithm" is used for:

The Bellman-Ford algorithm is an algorithm that computes shortest paths from a single source vertex to all of the other vertices in a weighted graph. It's particularly useful for graphs where edge weights may be negative.

22. What is the primary function of "Alpha-Beta pruning" in AI?

Alpha-Beta pruning is a search algorithm that seeks to decrease the number of nodes that are evaluated by the minimax algorithm in its search tree. It is used in game playing to prune away branches that cannot possibly influence the final decision.

23. The "Hungarian algorithm" in AI is best suited for solving:

The Hungarian algorithm, a combinatorial optimization algorithm, is used for solving assignment problems where the goal is to assign resources or tasks to agents in the most effective way.

24. In problem-solving, "depth-limited search" is used to:

Depth-limited search is a modification of depth-first search, where the search is limited to a specific depth. This prevents the algorithm from going down infinitely deep paths and helps manage the use of memory.

25. "Bidirectional search" in AI problem solving is used to:

Bidirectional search is an efficient search strategy that runs two simultaneous searches: one forward from the initial state and the other backward from the goal, stopping when the two meet. This approach can drastically reduce the amount of required exploration.

Related MCQ (Multiple Choice Questions) :

Artificial intelligence mcq – agents, artificial intelligence mcq – natural language processing, artificial intelligence mcq – partial order planning, artificial intelligence mcq – expert systems, artificial intelligence mcq – fuzzy logic, artificial intelligence mcq – neural networks, artificial intelligence mcq – robotics, artificial intelligence mcq – rule-based system, artificial intelligence mcq – semantic networks, artificial intelligence mcq – bayesian networks, artificial intelligence mcq – alpha beta pruning, artificial intelligence mcq – text mining, leave a comment cancel reply.

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Problem Solving MCQ Quiz - 1 - Quant MCQ

10 questions mcq test - problem solving mcq quiz - 1, jo's collection contains us, indian and british stamps. if the ratio of us to indian stamps is 5 to 2 and the ratio of indian to british stamps is 5 to 1, what is the ratio of us to british stamps.

5 : 1 

10 : 5 

15 : 2 

20 : 2 

Indian stamps are common to both ratios. Multiply both ratios by factors such that the Indian stamps are represented by the same number. US : Indian = 5 : 2, and Indian : British = 5 : 1. Multiply the first by 5, and the second by 2.  Now US : Indian = 25 : 10, and Indian : British = 10 : 2 Hence the two ratios can be combined and US : British = 25 : 2

problem solving mcq questions and answers

A 3 by 4 rectangle is inscribed in circle. What is the circumference of the circle?

2.5π 

3π 

5π 

4π 

Draw the diagram. The diagonal of the rectangle is the diameter of the circle. The diagonal is the hypotenuse of a 3, 4, 5 triangle, and is therefore, 5. Circumference = π.diameter = 5π

Two sets of 4 consecutive positive integers have exactly one integer in common. The sum of the integers in the set with greater numbers is how much greater than the sum of the integers in the other set?

it cannot be determined from the information given.

If two sets of four consecutive integers have one integer in common, the total in the combined set is 7., and we can write the sets as n + (n + 1) + (n + 2) + (n + 3 ) and (n + 3) + (n + 4) + (n + 5) + (n + 6) Note that each term in the second set is 3 more than the equivalent term in the first set. Since there are four terms the total of the differences will be 4 x 3 = 12

problem solving mcq questions and answers

ABCD is a square of side 3, and E and F are the mid points of sides AB and BC respectively. What is the area of the quadrilateral EBFD ?  

(Total area of square - sum of the areas of triangles ADE and DCF) will give the area of the quadrilateral 9 - (2 x ½ x 3 x 1.5) = 4.5

If n ≠ 0, which of the following must be greater than n?

I. 2n II. n 2 III. 2 - n

I only 

II only 

I and II only 

II and III only 

Remember that n could be positive negative or a fraction. Try out a few cases: In case I, if n is -1, then 2n is less than n. In case II, if n is a fraction such as ½ then n 2  will be less than n. In case III, if n is 2, then 2-n = 0, which is less than n. Therefore, none of the choices  must  be greater than n

n and p are integers greater than 5n is the square of a number 75np is the cube of a number.The smallest value for n + p is

The smallest value for n such that 5n is a square is 5. 75np can now be written as 75 x 5 x p. This gives prime factors.... 3 x 5 x 5 x 5 x p To make the expression a perfect cube, p will have to have factors 3 x 3 , and hence p =9 n + p = 5 + 9 = 14

The distance from town A to town B is five miles. C is six miles from B. Which of the following could be the distance from A to C? 

I. 11 II. 1 III. 7 

II only 

I and II only 

II and III only 

I, II, or III.

Do not assume that AB and C are on a straight line. Make a diagram with A and B marked 5 miles apart. Draw a circle centered on B, with radius 6. C could be anywhere on this circle. The minimum distance will be 1, and maximum 11, but anywhere in between is possible.

For how many integer values of n will the value of the expression 4n + 7 be an integer greater than 1 and less than 200?

1 < 4n + 7 < 200 n can be 0, or -1 n cannot be -2 or any other negative integer or the expression 4n + 7 will be less than1. The largest value for n will be an integer < (200 - 7) /4 193/4 = 48.25, hence 48 The number of integers between -1 and 48 inclusive is 50

12 litres of water are poured into an aquarium of dimensions 50cm length, 30cm breadth, and 40cm height. How high (in cm) will the water rise?(1 litre = 1000cm 3 )

Total volume of water = 12 liters = 12 x 1000 cm 3 The base of the aquarium is 50 x 30 = 1500cm 2 Base of tank x height of water = volume of water 1500 x height = 12000; height = 12000 / 1500 = 8

Six years ago Anita was P times as old as Ben was. If Anita is now 17 years old, how old is Ben now in terms of P ?

11/P + 6 

P/11 + 6 

17 - P/6 

Let Ben's age now be B Anita's age now is A. (A - 6) = P(B - 6) But A is 17 and therefore 11 = P(B - 6) 11/P = B-6 (11/P) + 6 = B

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Electric Circuit Question & Answers

October 4, 2021 By Wat Electrical

This article lists 100 Electric Circuit MCQs for engineering students. All the Electric Circuit   Questions & Answers given below includes solution and link wherever possible to the relevant topic.

An electric circuit is a loop containing electric components that interact with each other to drive the output load connected. This circuit consists of active and passive components like current source, voltage sources, AC or DC sources that generate power to dependent components such as resistors, capacitors , inductors , and more. This combination of electrical components forms a device oscilloscope, motors, batteries, or specific components IC’s, rectifiers, diodes, etc.

These electrical components can be connected in series or in parallel. In a serial connection, the components are connected in such a way where the output of one terminal is given as input to another terminal, and in parallel connection, the components are connected one above the other thus, varying in output result. A few of the benefits provided by an electrical circuit include reliability, maximum efficiency generated, and more reliability and they limit in terms of area, power dissipation, health hazard, and breakdowns. The application of an electrical circuit includes motors, TV, electronic appliances, cars, automobiles, etc.

Electric Circuit Questions and Answers

Electric circuit important mcq's with hints, electric circuit mcq's for interviews.

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Critical Thinking MCQs with Answers

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Welcome to the Critical Thinking MCQs with Answers . In this post, we have shared Critical Thinking Online Test for different competitive exams. Find practice Critical Thinking Practice Questions with answers in Aptitude Test exams here. Each question offers a chance to enhance your knowledge regarding Critical Thinking.

Critical thinking is the skill to analyze information thoroughly and make informed judgments. To engage in critical thinking, it’s essential to recognize your own biases and assumptions when processing information and to employ consistent criteria when assessing sources.

Critical Thinking Online Quiz

By presenting 3 options to choose from, Critical Thinking Quiz which cover a wide range of topics and levels of difficulty, making them adaptable to various learning objectives and preferences. Whether you’re a student looking to reinforce your understanding our Student MCQs Online Quiz platform has something for you. You will have to read all the given answers of Critical Thinking Questions and Answers  and click over the correct answer.

  • Test Name:  Critical Thinking MCQ Quiz Practice
  • Type:  MCQ’s
  • Total Questions:  40
  • Total Marks:  40
  • Time:  40 minutes

Note:  Questions will be shuffled each time you start the test. Any question you have not answered will be marked incorrect. Once you are finished, click the View Results button. You will encounter Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) related to Critical Thinking , where three options will be provided. You’ll choose the most appropriate answer and move on to the next question without using the allotted time.

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Download Critical Thinking Multiple Choice Questions with Answers Free PDF

You can also download Critical Thinking Questions with Answers free PDF from the link provided below. To Download file in PDF click on the arrow sign at the top right corner.

If you are interested to enhance your knowledge regarding  English, Physics , Chemistry , Computer , and Biology please click on the link of each category, you will be redirected to dedicated website for each category.

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    Problem Solving Question 1: Arrange the stages of the problem-solving process in the correct order: A. Identifying the problem. B. Generating potential solutions. C. Implementing the chosen solution. D. Evaluating the outcomes. E. Analyzing the available information.

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    Problem Solving Quizzes, Questions & Answers. ... How you answer these questions and others like them in relation to how well they fit your personality will paint a clear picture of where your strengths and weaknesses lie. ... you can try these MCQs on problem-solving using the computer. Computer-based problem-solving is a process of designing ...

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  6. Fundamentals of Algorithms and problem-solving MCQs

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