problem solving questions maths ks1

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Homepage > Maths curriculum > KS1 maths

Learn all about the topics covered in KS1 maths, explore our free resources and have a go at some practice questions!

• What do children learn in the KS1 maths curriculum?

• Topic guides and practice questions

• KS1 maths resources and activities

•   KS1 maths SATs: guides and resources

Select a topic

Explore the topics covered in KS1 maths and have a go at some fun, interactive practice questions!

Number and place value

Learn how to count, read and write numbers up to 100

Find out more

Addition and subtraction

Explore strategies for mental and written problem solving

Multiplication and division

Discover key multiplication and division facts

Find out about data and how to read bar charts and graphs

Measurement

Explore time, volume and length and quantities

Learn how to identify 2D and 3D shapes

Position and direction

Discover how to arrange objects into patterns

Fractions, decimals and percentages

Learn what a fraction is and how to order them

Choose a year group

Select a year group.

Take a look at the skills children learn in each year group and have a go at some questions

What do children learn in KS1 maths?

In Key Stage 1 (KS1), kids explore a wide breath of content to help develop their knowledge of core concepts and gain an understanding of how maths is used in everyday life. From fractions to shapes, they learn lots of key skills that’ll place them in great stead for KS2!  The main topics they learn about are…    

1. Number and place value: In the KS1 maths curriculum, children learn to count, read, write and represent numbers up to 100. They also learn how to compare numbers and use the place value system.  

2. Addition and subtraction: Children learn various strategies for mental and written addition and subtraction. They also explore number bonds, counting techniques and inverse operations.  

3. Multiplication and division: Kids develop their understanding of multiplication and division and learn how to solve problems using multiplication and division facts, arrays and pictorial representations.  

4. Fractions : Learners discover how to recognise, name, find and write fractions in relation to length, shapes and quantity.

  5. Measurement: In KS1 maths, children learn how to use appropriate units, estimate measurements and read scales, including length, capacity and time.  

6. Properties of shapes: Learners explore the fundamentals of shapes, including how to recognise and name different types of 2D and 3D shapes.  

7. Position and direction: Children  learn how to describe position, direction and movement, as well as how to organise objects into patterns and sequences. 

8. Statistics: In the KS1 curriculum, kids explore how to collect and organise data. They also learn how to create graphs and interpret data using a variety of graphs.

Meet Doodle, the personalised maths app that explores the whole KS1 curriculum!

Created by our team of teachers, DoodleMaths is an award-winning maths app that’s filled with interactive questions and games covering the whole KS1 curriculum.    

Designed to be used for just 10 minutes a day, it creates every child a unique learning experience tailored to their needs, boosting their confidence and ability in maths.  And best of all, you can  try it for free !  

Frequently asked questions about KS1 maths

DoodleMaths is an award-winning app that’s filled with fantastic maths games for KS1!

From working in a messy bakery to helping a monkey collect coconuts, all of its games are specifically designed to develop instant recall and mental maths skills, transforming learning into a fun adventure.

Best of all, all of its questions feel like a game, with every exercise using interactive activities and explanations to help bring the subject to life!

Create an account today to enjoy a free 7-day trial .

There are lots of ways that you can help your child or pupils to learn KS1 maths:

• Rather than explaining concepts, use visual representations to explore them, such as number lines and grids.
• Nothing beats doodling! Encourage your child or pupils to draw pictures to help them understand concepts or have a go at working out the answer to a question. 
• Use real-life items to explore number, such as Smarties or pebbles. Encourage your child to sort the items into different amounts; doing this will help them understand concepts such as addition and fractions!
• Boosting their instant recall skills will help them with their mental maths and speed answering questions. Learning times tables in a specific order and using fun activities is a great way to help with this!

An array is an arrangement of items (such as pictures or numbers) in columns or rows.

They let children visualise what happens when they multiply or divide numbers together, helping them master times tables and division!

Reasoning is basically detective work: it’s when learners use what they already know to work out the answer to a question.

For example, if a child knows what 12 – 5 is, they can use this knowledge to work out what 12 – 6 is.

“I know that 12 – 5 is 7. As 6 is 1 higher than 5, the answer must be 1 higher than 7.”

KS1 maths resources and activities

Looking for even more ways to support your child or pupils’ learning? We’ve got you covered!

How to improve at mental maths

Discover our top tips to help any child master mental maths! 

Outdoor learning activities for KS1

When the sun is shining, there’s nothing better than taking your learning outside!

How to support your child's home learning

Practising maths ‘little and often’ is the perfect way to help kids develop their skills

Discover our top tips to help any child master mental maths!

When the sun is shining, there’s nothing better than taking your learning outside!

Practising maths ‘little and often’ is the perfect way to help kids develop their skills

KS1 maths SATs: guides and resources

In Year 2, children complete maths and English SATs papers. Explore what’s covered in the exams and how you can help your child or pupils prepare for them!

KS1 SATs papers 2024: what's included?

See what’s covered in KS1 SATs and how you can help your child prepare for them

How Doodle can help kids prepare for SATs

Our apps cover the whole KS1 curriculum, making them perfect study buddies

How to help your child prepare for SATs

SATs may seem worrying, but these tips will help calm your child (and you!)

KS1 SATs papers: what's included?

See what’s covered in KS1 SATs and how you can help your child prepare for them

Our apps cover the whole KS1 curriculum, making them the ultimate study buddies

Try our KS1 maths app for free!

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Problem solving

Resources to teach problem solving skills

This collection of teaching resources aims to help children develop maths problem solving skills. It features word problems, maths challenges, problem-solving questions and a variety of worksheets and problem solving activities to help your primary school learners develop the problem solving strategies for real life contexts.

Why teach problem solving skills?

Problem solving is a skill that involves a variety of mathematical skills that will help children in real life. From addition and subtraction to fractions, decimals and percentages, we need problem-solving strategies to solve day-to-day problems involving time, money and measurement. Problem solving is an integral strand of the KS2 maths curriculum and children will be tested on their problem-solving skills in their SATs and onwards.

Have you seen our teaching packs for problem solving in maths?

If you’re teaching upper key stage 2, you may like our problem-solving teaching packs: Problem solving - number and Problem solving – measurement, geometry and statistics . Both packs comprise scaffolded word problems and differentiated activities based upon the relevant problem-solving objectives in the national curriculum. Or you may prefer Challenging maths , packed with maths mastery style questions, word problems and games to enrich your maths lessons and turn your year 5/6 class into true problem solvers!

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KS1 Resources & Worksheets > KS1 Mathematics Resources & Worksheets >

Resources and Worksheets

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Add Three 1-Digit Numbers

These practical activities include tasks covering a range of provision areas for pupils to practise the main skill of comparing objects.

Year 6 Place Value Consolidation Lesson

This Year 6 Place Value Consolidation lesson revisits the main teaching points from our Place Value block.

KS1 Christmas Symbol Sudoku

KS1 Christmas Symbol Sudoku Activity designed with fun Christmas symbols for pupils to complete during the festive period.

Geometry Shape Consolidation Year 1 Autumn Block 3 Reasoning and Problem Solving

This resource is aimed at Year 1 Expected and has been designed to give children the opportunity to consolidate the skills they have learned in Autumn Block 3 – Geometry: Shape.

Place Value to 50 Consolidation Year 1 Spring Block 2 Reasoning and Problem Solving

These Place Value worksheets are fantastic at helping your pupils practice their reasoning and problem solving skills. This pack contains two different question types for Year 1 Spring block 2

Length and Height Consolidation Year 1 Spring Block 3 Reasoning and Problem Solving

These Length and Height worksheets are fantastic at helping your pupils practice their reasoning and problem solving skills. This pack contains two different question types for Year 1 Spring block 3.

Addition and Subtraction Consolidation Year 2 Autumn Block 2 Reasoning and Problem Solving

This resource is aimed at Year 2 Expected and has been designed to give children the opportunity to consolidate the skills they have learned in Autumn Block 2 – Addition and Subtraction.

Weight and Volume Consolidation Year 1 Spring Block 4 Reasoning and Problem Solving

These Weight and Volume worksheets are fantastic at helping your pupils practice their reasoning and problem solving skills. This pack contains two different question types for Year 1 Spring block 4.

Multiplication and Division Consolidation Year 1 Summer Block 1 Reasoning and Problem Solving

This Multiplication and Division Consolidation Year 1 resource will help your pupils consolidate their understanding of Summer Block 1: Multiplication and Division. This resource is themed around preparing for a party for the good fairy.

Measurement Money Consolidation Year 2 Autumn Block 3 Reasoning and Problem Solving

This resource is aimed at Year 2 Expected and has been designed to give children the opportunity to consolidate the skills they have learned in Autumn Block 3 – Measurement: Money.

Fractions Consolidation Year 1 Summer Block 2 Reasoning and Problem Solving

This Fractions Consolidation Year 1 resource will help your pupils consolidate their understanding of Summer Block 1: Fractions. It has been designed with a level of questions for Age Related Expectations for Year 1. This resource is themed around preparing for a Monster Pizza Party.

Statistics Consolidation Year 2 Spring Block 2 Reasoning and Problem Solving

These Statistics worksheets are fantastic at helping your pupils practice their reasoning and problem solving skills. This pack contains two different question types for Year 2 Spring Block 2.

Fractions Consolidation Year 2 Spring Block 4 Reasoning and Problem Solving

These Fractions worksheets are fantastic at helping your pupils practice their reasoning and problem solving skills. This pack contains two different question types for Year 2 Spring Block 4.

Make Equal Parts Year 2 Fractions Free Resource Pack

Step 1: These Make Equal Parts Year 2 worksheets are fantastic at helping your pupils practice their reasoning and problem solving skills. This pack contains two different question types for Year 2 Spring Block 4.

Recognise Equal Groups Year 2 Multiplication and Division Free Resource Pack

Step 1: This Recognise Equal Groups Year 2 Resource Pack includes a teaching PowerPoint and differentiated varied fluency and reasoning and problem solving resources for Autumn Block 4, Year 2: Multiplication and Division.

Free Year 1 Compare Lengths and Heights – Length and Height Discussion Problems

Step 1: Year 1 Compare Lengths and Heights Free Discussion Problems includes two discussion problems which can be used in pairs or small groups to further pupils' understanding.

Place Value Year 1 Numbers to 50 Free Discussion Problems

Step 1: Year 1 Numbers to 50 Free Discussion Problems includes two discussion problems which can be used in pairs or small groups to further pupils' understanding.

Properties of Shape Year 2 Recognise 2D and 3D Shapes Free Discussion Problems

Step 1: Year 2 Recognise 2D and 3D Shapes Free Discussion Problems includes two discussion problems which can be used in pairs or small groups to further pupils' understanding

Multiplication and Division Year 2 Make Equal Groups – Sharing Free Discussion Problems

Step 1: Year 2 Make Equal Groups - Sharing Free Discussion Problems includes two discussion problems which can be used in pairs or small groups to further pupils' understanding

Free Year 2 Recognise 2D and 3D Shapes Homework Extension Properties of Shape

Step 1: Free Recognise 2D and 3D Shapes Homework extension provides additional questions which can be used as homework or an in-class extension for the Year 2 Free Recognise 2D and 3D Shapes Resource Pack and are differentiated three ways.

Shape Year 1 3D Shapes Free Discussion Problems

Step 1: Year 1 3D Shapes Free Discussion Problems includes two discussion problems which can be used in pairs or small groups to further pupils' understanding.

Place Value Year 1 Add by Counting On Free Discussion Problems

Step 1: Year 1 Add by Counting on Free Discussion Problems includes two discussion problems which can be used in pairs or small groups to further pupils' understanding.

Free Make Equal Groups – Sharing Homework Extension Year 2 Multiplication and Division

Step 1: Free Make Equal Groups - Sharing Homework extension provides additional questions which can be used as homework or an in-class extension for the Year 2 Free Make Equal Groups - Sharing Resource Pack and are differentiated three ways.

Multiplication and Division Year 2 Recognise Equal Groups Free Discussion Problems

Step 1: Year 2 Recognise Equal Groups Free Discussion Problems includes two discussion problems which can be used in pairs or small groups to further pupils' understanding.

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Key Stage 1 Maths

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Enjoyable Learning for KS1 Maths

Discover why quizzes are an easy way to learn and revise the KS1 subjects taught at primary school. Ideal preparation for the Mathematics SATS test papers taken at the end of Year 2 by children who are 6 and 7 years old.

Subjects On This Page

The 99 quizzes in this section have clickable links below. Each quiz contains 10 questions, answers and helpful hints for Key Stage 1 Maths. Quizzes have titles that describe the subject and each one aligns with the KS1 National Curriculum for children aged 5 to 7 in Years 1 and 2.

Mathematics might be one of the trickier subjects for some students (or easier, for those who love numbers) but either way, our quizzes are fun and engaging. We take all the National Curriculum material and pop it into easy-to-digest quizzes that are enjoyable enough to keep students focussed but also challenge them. Hooray for non-complicated revision!

And you already know maths is important. Not only is it likely there will be class tests but students in Primary schools will also have to sit SATS tests with a maths paper. But don't worry, there's plenty of time to prepare! We've got revision covered. The Maths SATS consist of two separate papers: 'Arithmetic' and 'Problem Solving and Reasoning'. The good news? We tackle both areas in the quizzes, meaning revision doesn't have to be dull and tiresome! Phew.

It's not just about school and tests either. Basic maths is important for everyday life! People use maths a lot, even if they don't work as a mathematician or a maths teacher. Simple things like adding up the cost of shopping, or maybe working out how much money to tip the waitress, all involve maths. It might even mean working out how many week's pocket money it'll take to buy that new game...

To find out all there is to know about this curriculum, check out Key Stage 1 (KS1) .

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Problem-solving maths investigations for year 1.

Hamilton provide an extensive suite of problem-solving maths investigations for Year 1 to facilitate mathematical confidence, investigative inquiry and the development of maths meta skills in 'low floor – high ceiling' activities for all.

Explore all our in-depth problem solving investigations for Year 1 .

Use problem-solving investigations within every unit to encourage children to develop and exercise their ability to reason mathematically and think creatively.

Investigations provide challenges that offer opportunities for the development of the key mathematical skills while deepening conceptual understanding. They are designed to be accessible in different ways to all children. An added bonus is the substantial amount of extra calculation practice they often incorporate! The problems are designed to help children identify patterns, to explore lines of thinking and to reason and communicate about properties of numbers, shapes and measures.

Hamilton provide a mix of our own specially commissioned investigations, that include guidance for teachers together with a child-friendly sheet to guide your pupils through the investigation, as well as links to investigations on other highly regarded websites.

I am very grateful for Hamilton Trust resources, particularly the maths investigations. Julia, teacher in Wiltshire

You can find Hamilton's investigations for Year 1:

• Individually, they are incorporated into every unit in our Year 1 flexible maths blocks .
• Collectively, they appear on our resources page where you can explore all our in-depth problem solving investigations for Year 1 .

Do read our extensive range of advice for more information about the investigations and for tips on how to use them effectively.

Hamilton’s problem-solving investigations are 'low floor, high ceiling' activities that give all children opportunities to develop mastery and mathematical meta-skills. Explore a set for a whole year group.

Hamilton’s Problem-solving Investigations provide school-wide solutions to the challenges of building investigative skills from Early Years to Year 6.

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Maths Problem Solving Booklets

Subject: Mathematics

Age range: 11-14

Resource type: Worksheet/Activity

Last updated

23 August 2022

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Maths problem solving booklets covering a wide range of mathematical problems designed to improve problem solving strategies as well as numeracy and mathematical ability.

Designed to be printed as A5 booklets.

Disclaimer: These are free because the problems are from a wide variety of sources, most of which I have forgotten. I am a maths problem magpie and collect maths problems wherever I find them. All I have done is bundled these ones up to make it convienent.

If you find a problem that is yours and you don’t want it used please comment and I’ll remove it - cheers.

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Very impresses. Ta.

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Excellent resource

Great resource to use at KS3

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Just what I have been looking for. Thanks so much!

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I See Reasoning - KS1

The ebook i see reasoning - ks1 gives 281 thought-provoking images and questions linked to all areas of the ks1 maths curriculum. tasks help to build children's conceptual understanding, promoting non-counting calculation and providing opportunities for reasoning and talk. there are rich tasks for deepening learning every day.

I See Reasoning - KS1 Addition  is a free sample section from the resource. Visual prompts help children to see likely mistakes, notice similarities between questions and develop new strategies for calculating. Techniques such as  Read the Pictures, Explain the Mistakes  and  Which Answer?  draw attention to key learning points and help to generate focused talk. For order enquiries, please read the Frequently Asked Questions .

There are prompts that open up mathematical investigations, for example the  Different Ways  tasks.  True or False? questions draw children's attention to key differences between correct and incorrect responses. There are also different question types that are specific to particular areas of the curriculum, like the  Missing Hand questions in the time section. There are answers too!

I See Reasoning - KS1 Addition  gives a free copy of one of the sections from the resource. Please use and share it!

The 281 tasks of  I See Reasoning - KS1  cover all areas of the Year 1&2 mathematics curriculum. There are many other question types that display maths concepts visually, including the use of bar models. All of the tasks encourage meaningful mathematical talk and challenge children to apply their understanding flexibly. This helps pupils to develop mastery in KS1 mathematics.

I See Reasoning - KS1  corresponds to US grade levels K and grade 1, and Australian school years 1&2. The sale price is  £15  When ordered, the PDF file is emailed direct to your inbox for your use. To purchase, click on the link below:

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Number and algebra

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• Calculations and Numerical Methods
• Fractions, Decimals, Percentages, Ratio and Proportion
• Properties of Numbers
• Patterns, Sequences and Structure
• Algebraic expressions, equations and formulae
• Coordinates, Functions and Graphs

Geometry and measure

• Angles, Polygons, and Geometrical Proof
• 3D Geometry, Shape and Space
• Measuring and calculating with units
• Transformations and constructions
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Probability and statistics

• Handling, Processing and Representing Data
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Working mathematically

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For younger learners

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Fractions KS1

This collection is one of our Primary Curriculum collections - tasks that are grouped by topic.

Happy Halving

Can you split each of the shapes below in half so that the two parts are exactly the same?

These pictures show squares split into halves. Can you find other ways?

Here is a picnic that Petros and Michael are going to share equally. Can you tell us what each of them will have?

This task provides children with the opportunity to investigate halving different shapes and check that they have made two halves.