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What Is a Resume?

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What is the definition of the word resume?

What are the two styles of resumes, why is chronological the most popular resume style, when to use a functional resume style, resume vs. cv.

Having a strong resume is an important part of making yourself a marketable candidate. To have the best resume you can, it’s important to understand what a resume is and why it’s important, starting with a clear resume definition. This article explains the key aspects of a resume document including the two most common styles and how to format a resume.

A resume is a term primarily used in America and Canada to refer to a document, that is typically one to two pages, and highlights a candidate’s education, experience and skills. The word resume stems from the French word ‘résumé’ which simply means a summary. However, in France and other parts of Europe, that word doesn’t represent a document where your skills and experience are showcased. Instead, in that part of the world, applicants turn in a curriculum vitae, or a CV, to apply for a job.

There are two primary styles of resumes that are commonly used when submitting your application for a new job:

Chronological resume

A chronological resume highlights your experience in terms of career growth. To do this, it focuses on your most recent career endeavors and education and works backward from your current situation to display up to ten years of education and experience. 

Chronological resumes are very common and may represent what you typically think of when you think of the word resume. They offer an in-depth look at your professional history with an emphasis on experience. Ideally, your chronological resume shows that you’ve grown throughout your career, taking on increasingly more responsibilities, in a way that is easily readable for employees.

A typical chronological resume contains these parts:

• Name and contact information. The name and contact information of the applicant is displayed here, including first name, last name, phone number, address and email.
• Resume summary or objective. A snapshot of skills and experience that either summarized the content of your resume, highlighting the most important qualities of it, or states your current career goals or objectives.
• Professional experience.  This should be the most robust part of a chronological resume and can include up to ten years of experience, starting with the most recent at the top of the section.
• Educational experienc e.  Use this area to highlight your education and certificates.
• Skills. A quick, clean list of skills at the bottom of your resume can help employers determine if you’re the best fit for the position.

Functional resume

If you don’t have the work experience yet to support an entire chronological resume format, you may choose to highlight your skills and education using a functional resume. A functional resume is similar to a chronological resume in that it contains the same sections, but they are in a different order. The order of your functional resume will be designed to position you in the best light. 

For example, if you have a master’s degree and certification in a specific subject, but not a lot of job experience, you might organize a functional resume to showcase your education. They can also be organized to feature specific skills. In a functional resume, the chronology of experience is less important than featuring the right sections.

A functional resume has these sections:

• Contact information. Include your contact information at the top, like your first name, last name, address, phone number and email address.
• Summary statement. A well-defined summary statement can include things like education and skills that make you most qualified for the position.
• Skill groups. In a functional resume, you can emphasize skills over experience by grouping skills into major categories, like communication, decision-making and more. Then breaking those sections down into bullet points. For example, a communication section might highlight written and verbal communication, empathy, cultural sensitivity and more.
• Professional experience.  A professional experience section is still required, but it might be briefer than your skills section.
• Education.  List all relevant educational pursuits.

Chronological resumes are popular for a number of reasons. For one, they offer a time-tested way to submit yourself for a position. Chronological resumes have been a professional standard in job searches used in the U.S. and Canada for almost 100 years.

In addition to their long history of being effective at obtaining a job, chronological resumes are designed to show growth and development from one job to the next. This makes them a popular choice for candidates who want to make the best impression on employers by showing promotions and other changes in positions that result in increased responsibility.

For candidates who don’t have the ability to show positive growth and change, the functional resume format may be necessary. 

Here are some things to consider when deciding to use a functional resume format:

• You are re-entering the workforce after a long time away
• There are other employment gaps in your history 
• Your job has changed often over the course of your career
• You want to enter a new field
• You don’t meet the experience requirements for the job you are applying for

Depending on your circumstances, you could also consider using a combination of the two resume styles to suit your needs.

Here are some differences between a CV, or curriculum vitae, and a resume:

• Resumes have cover letters, CVs do not. Instead, CVs have a two-page summary of skills and experience called a CV summary that summarizes the contents of a CV that could be much longer.
• CVs include different sections.  While CVs include the obvious things you would find on a resume or application like job experience and education, they also include additional sections for things like research interests, publications, awards and accolades and more.
• There are regional use-cases for each.  CVs are likely to be used in Europe and parts of Canada, as well as other parts of the world. In the United States and Canada, it’s common for professionals to submit a resume, and as such, employers may expect you to use a chronological or functional resume format with a cover letter, versus a CV and CV summary.

A CV is similar to a resume in that it is a summary of experience and skills. Typically, CVs are used in Europe, while resumes are more common in the United States and Canada. Because CVs are generally expected to be longer than resumes, a CV format may be used for American candidates who have things like numerous publications, extensive work experience or additional accolades that make their resume run longer.

• Career Blog

Resume: Definition, Meaning, Purpose, and Tips

A resume is a document that outlines a person’s education, work experience, skills, and achievements. It is used to market oneself to potential employers and is often the first impression a hiring manager has of a job applicant.

Having a strong resume is crucial in today’s competitive job market. It can mean the difference between getting an interview or being overlooked for a position. A well-crafted resume can showcase your qualifications and make you stand out among other candidates.

Your resume serves as a marketing tool that highlights your skills, experience, and achievements to potential employers. It is a reflection of your professionalism and attention to detail. You want to make sure that your resume is not only well-written but also visually appealing and easy to skim through.

Employers typically spend only a few seconds scanning a resume before deciding whether to read it in more detail or move on to the next applicant. Therefore, it is important to capture their attention quickly and effectively.

A strong resume can help you land your dream job, advance your career, and increase your earning potential. By highlighting your accomplishments and skills, your resume lets potential employers know what you can bring to the table.

In the following sections, we will discuss the meaning and purpose of a resume, as well as provide tips on how to make your resume stand out from the crowd. By the end of this article, you will have a better understanding of how to create a professional and compelling resume that will help you achieve your career goals.

Purpose of a Resume

One of the critical components of a job application process is a resume. A resume serves specific purposes, and job seekers invest considerable time in creating an impressive resume that will help them stand out from other applicants. In this section, we’ll explore why you need a resume and what employers look for in a resume.

Why do you need a resume?

A resume is a crucial document that a job seeker submits to a prospective employer, summarising their skills, experiences, and education. It is a tool for selling oneself to a potential employer and demonstrating suitability for a specific role. A well-prepared resume can help job seekers catch the employer’s attention and increase the chances of getting an interview.

More than that, a resume shows that you are prepared for a job search and care about the job application process. It also shows that you are willing to put in extra time to present yourself professionally to the employer.

What are employers looking for in a resume?

Employers typically receive numerous resumes for a single job opening. A well-prepared resume must capture the employer’s attention without including extra information that may hinder its effectiveness. Here are a few critical elements employers look for when reviewing resumes:

Qualifications and Skills:  Employers want to know whether you have the necessary qualifications and skills needed for the job. It’s crucial to tailor your resume to the job specifications to highlight the required skills and qualifications for the role.

Experience:  Employers look for candidates with experience in the relevant field. Highlighting any relevant work experience, even if it’s not from a job, can be critical.

Achievements:  Employers are interested in understanding what you achieved in your previous roles, such as quantifiable achievements, awards or recognition.

Clarity and Conciseness:  Employers are busy people and do not have time to read through lengthy resumes. A clear, concise, and well-organised resume makes it easier for employers to identify whether you are a good fit for the job.

A resume is critical in job searching, and it’s essential to create an eye-catching resume that accurately showcases your skills, experience, and education. Keep in mind that employers receive numerous resumes for a single job opening, and a well-written resume tailored to the job specifications can help you stand out and increase the chances of getting an interview.

Types of Resumes

As we’ve discussed earlier, resumes are an essential part of the recruitment process. They’re often the first point of contact between job seekers and employers, making it imperative to make a good impression. To best showcase your skills and experience, however, you should know which type of resume to use. Here are three common types of resumes you may choose from:

Chronological Resume

A chronological resume is the most common type that lists your work history in reverse chronological order (meaning from most recent to earliest). This format is best for people who have a strong and consistent employment history as it shows your career progression and highlights your experience. Employers can easily see the industries, roles, and responsibilities you have taken on in the past. It also works well for job seekers seeking career advancement within the same field.

Functional Resume

Functional resumes focus on your skills and abilities, rather than on a chronological work history. This resume format is ideal for job seekers just starting in their career, those who have gaps in their employment history, or those changing careers. With a focus on skills, you can highlight your abilities that are transferable across various job titles and industries.

Combination Resume

A combination résumé is a blend of both functional and chronological resumes, so it presents both your skills and experience. This format is best for job seekers wanting to shift job titles or pursuing a new industry. It allows you to highlight your transferable skills to demonstrate how they align with the job requirements, as well as showcasing your relevant work experience.

Regardless of which resume format you choose, always remember to tailor it according to the job you’re applying for. Ensure that your resume is clear, concise, and error-free to make the right impression on the employer. A well-crafted resume can be the difference between landing your dream job and continuously searching for new opportunities. A strong resume should be concise, clear, and easy for employers to read. Therefore, it is important to understand the key components that make up a winning resume.

• Contact Information

Your contact information should be the first thing on your resume. This should include your full name, email address, phone number, and LinkedIn profile. Ensure that this information is up-to-date and accurate. You don’t want to miss out on a job opportunity because you provided the wrong email address or phone number.

• Professional Summary

Your professional summary is an introduction to who you are and what you can bring to the table. This section should be brief and highlight your relevant skills and experiences. Use this space to showcase your unique selling points and catch the employer’s attention.

• Work Experience

Your work experience is crucial in demonstrating your qualifications for the job you are applying for. When detailing your work experience, try to focus on achievements rather than just listing daily tasks. Quantify your accomplishments and include concrete examples. Don’t forget to include dates of employment, job titles, and company names.

Your education section should include relevant degrees and certifications in reverse chronological order. If you don’t have much work experience, your education can be a key factor in demonstrating your qualifications for the job.

Your skills section is an opportunity to show what you’re capable of. It’s important to highlight both hard and transferable skills that are relevant to the job. Avoid listing overly generic skills (such as “good communication skills”) and instead focus on skills that differentiate you from other candidates.

• Certifications and Awards

If you have any relevant certifications or awards, this is the section to showcase them. Certifications and awards demonstrate your commitment to professional development and help you stand out from other candidates.

How to Format a Resume

When it comes to creating a resume, formatting is key. Here are a few tips to create a clean and professional-looking resume:

Choosing a Font and Font Size

The font you choose for your resume should be easy to read and professional. A few popular choices include Times New Roman, Arial, and Calibri. Keep in mind that some recruiters and hiring managers may prefer a specific font, so make sure to do your research before making a final decision.

In terms of font size, the general rule of thumb is to stick to between 10-12 points to ensure that your resume is legible. You can use a slightly larger font for headings or section headers, but be careful not to go overboard.

Using Bullet Points

Bullet points are a great way to break up your resume and make it easy to read. Use bullet points to highlight your most important accomplishments or responsibilities in your previous roles. Make sure to keep your bullet points concise and impactful.

Creating Clear Section Headers

Clear section headers help to organize your resume and make it easy for hiring managers to find the information they need. Use bold or slightly larger font to make your headers stand out. Some common section headers include “Education,” “Work Experience,” “Skills,” and “Projects.”

Utilizing White Space

Large blocks of text can overwhelm recruiters and make your resume appear cluttered. Utilizing white space can help to balance your resume and make it more visually appealing. Try to keep your margins uniform and use spacing between sections to create a clean and organized look.

By using these formatting tips, your resume will stand out to potential employers and give them a clear understanding of your skills and qualifications.

Tips for Writing a Strong Resume

A well-written resume is essential in landing your dream job. Here are several tips to make your resume stand out from the rest.

Tailoring your Resume to the Job Description

One of the most important aspects of a strong resume is tailoring it to the job you’re applying for. This means that you need to customize your resume to highlight the skills and experiences relevant to the job description. Use the keywords and phrases included in the job posting, and make sure to showcase how your past experiences align with the position’s requirements.

Quantifying your Achievements

Employers want to see results, so it’s important to quantify your achievements on your resume. Use numbers, percentages, and other metrics to showcase your accomplishments. This creates a clear picture of your abilities and demonstrates your value to potential employers.

Using Action Words and Power Phrases

To keep your resume engaging, use action words and power phrases. These words describe your experiences and build excitement around your achievements. Action words like “achieved,” “improved,” and “generated” help focus on the results of your actions, while power phrases like “unmatched expertise” or “outstanding leadership” can help to convey the value you bring to the table.

Keeping your Resume Concise and Relevant

Your resume should be concise and relevant. This means that you should focus on your most valuable experiences and accomplishments, while omitting irrelevant information. Use white space, bullet points, and clear formatting to make your resume easy to read. Keep your resume to one or two pages and remove any fluff or repetitive information.

By following these tips, you can create a strong resume that showcases your skills, experiences, and achievements effectively. Remember to tailor your resume to the job description, quantify your achievements, use action words and power phrases, and keep your resume concise and relevant. Good luck!

Common Resume Mistakes to Avoid

A resume is a powerful tool for landing a job interview, but if it is not executed properly, it can also be the reason for rejection. In this section, we will discuss the common resume mistakes that you should avoid in order to increase your chances of getting hired.

Typos and Grammatical Errors

One of the most frequent mistakes that job seekers make on their resumes is failing to check for typos and grammatical errors. A single mistake can create a negative impression of you and your attention to detail. Take the time to proofread your resume multiple times, and if possible, ask a friend or family member to review it as well.

Lies and Exaggerations

Exaggerating skills, job titles or previous experiences to impress recruiters is never a good idea. Honesty is key, especially when it comes to job applications. Lies can be easily detected by recruiters, and they will ruin your chances of getting hired. Stick to the truth and portray yourself in the most positive light based on your actual accomplishments.

Including Irrelevant Information

Recruiters tend to scan resumes quickly, looking for specific information that meets the requirements of the job. Including irrelevant information will distract them from the characteristics that are essential for the job you are applying for. Only include professional experiences and skills that are relevant to the position you are applying for.

Not Including Keywords

Most companies use applicant tracking systems (ATS) to quickly filter large volumes of resumes. These systems are programmed to scan resumes for specific keywords and phrases that are relevant to the job advertisement. If you do not include the relevant keywords, your resume will likely be filtered out before it even reaches a human recruiter. Review the job advertisement and include important terms and phrases in your resume.

Avoiding these common mistakes is the key to creating a winning resume, one that catches the attention of recruiters and increases your chances of landing the interview. Your resume is the first connection between yourself and a potential employer, so make it count. Take the time to craft an effective and accurate document, and keep these tips in mind to increase your chances of success.

Resume Example for Beginners

As a beginner, creating a resume can be a daunting task. You may feel overwhelmed by the variety of information you need to include and uncertain about the layout. However, with the right approach and guidance, you can create a compelling resume that showcases your skills and experience.

Basic Layout for a Resume

To begin, let’s review the basic layout of a resume. A standard resume should include the following elements:

Contact Information:  Your full name, phone number, email address, and physical address.

Objective or Summary Statement:  A brief statement that highlights your career goals and summarizes your qualifications.

Education:  Your education background, including your degree(s) or certificate(s), the name of the institution, and the date of graduation.

Work Experience:  Your work history, including your previous job titles, companies, dates of employment, and key responsibilities and achievements.

Skills:  A list of your relevant skills, including technical and soft skills.

Optional Sections:  Additional sections such as honors and awards, certifications, volunteer experience, or professional affiliations.

Sample Resume Content for a Beginner

Now, let’s take a look at a sample resume content for a beginner. Please note that this example is for illustrative purposes only, and you should customize your resume according to your own experience and qualifications.

As you can see, this sample resume follows the basic layout described above, including key sections such as contact information, objective statement, education, work experience, and skills. It also highlights the applicant’s relevant coursework, intern experience, and skills.

Remember, your resume is your chance to make a strong first impression with potential employers. By following these tips and creating a well-crafted resume, you’ll be one step closer to landing your dream job.

Resume Example for Experienced Professionals

Crafting a professional and effective resume is crucial for experienced professionals looking to advance their careers. A well-organized and thoughtfully designed resume can help catch the attention of potential employers and increase the likelihood of securing an interview.

Professional Layout for a Resume

To create a professional and visually appealing resume, it’s important to choose a clear and easy-to-read font, such as Arial or Times New Roman, and maintain consistent formatting throughout the document. Use bullet points to break up large chunks of text and highlight key accomplishments and relevant experience.

A typical professional resume should include the following sections:

• Contact information, including your name, phone number, email address, and LinkedIn profile (if applicable)
• Professional summary or objective statement, highlighting your experience and career goals
• Work experience, listing your most recent or relevant positions first and detailing your responsibilities and accomplishments
• Education and certifications, including any relevant coursework or training
• Skills, showcasing your relevant technical and soft skills
• References, available upon request

Sample Resume Content for an Experienced Professional

Here’s an example of a professional and effective resume for an experienced individual,:

Contact Information:

• 123 Main Street, Anytown, USA 12345
• 555-123-4567

How to make your Resume Stand Out

In today’s job market, it’s important to make sure your resume stands out from the rest. One way to do this is by showcasing your Unique Selling Points (USPs). These are the qualities, skills, and experiences that make you different from other candidates. To identify your USPs, think about what sets you apart and what you’re particularly good at. Then, highlight these factors in your resume by including them at the top of your document or in a prominent section.

Another way to make your resume stand out is by including your Online Portfolio and Social Media Profiles. An online portfolio is a great way to showcase your work and demonstrate your skills to potential employers. Social media profiles can also be useful, particularly if they showcase your professional accomplishments, expertise, and skills. However, it’s important to ensure that your online presence is consistent with the image you want to present to employers.

Incorporating Outreach and Networking Efforts can also help make your resume stand out. This can include attending events, networking with professionals in your industry, and keeping in touch with former colleagues and employers. These efforts can help you build relationships and make valuable connections that could lead to job opportunities.

There are several ways to make your resume stand out, including showcasing your USPs, including your Online Portfolio and Social Media Profiles, and Incorporating Outreach and Networking Efforts. By highlighting your unique qualities, demonstrating your skills and expertise, and building valuable connections, you can increase your chances of landing your dream job.

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More from ResumeHead

What is a Resume? Definition, Structure, Purpose, Types & Meaning

In This Guide:

Reverse chronological resume format, functional/skills-based resume format, hybrid resume format.

• Resume Templates

Personal Details and Contact Information

Resume introduction, work experience and achievements, education section, additional sections.

You want to get a job and that’s just great! But as you start thinking about it, hundreds of questions pop up in your head.

“How do I write my resume?”, “What is a resume”, “What is a cover letter” and even more and more hanging there. Don’t worry, we are here to help you and get you good and ready to start your journey.

We are going to cover some basic topics like:

• What is a resume
• Resume format and layout

As well as some more advanced ones like:

• Resume structure
• Design and formatting tips
• Dos and Don'ts
• Cover letter

This article is mainly for the basics, so if you want more advanced tips and tricks, you can also learn how to Make Your Resume Stand Out .

But if you are searching for the basics only, that’s the right place!

So let’s dive in.

What is a resume?

The resume is your absolute must if you are looking for a job.

Your resume defines who you are in the eyes of your potential employer and is the most important document in your job application, followed by the cover letter.

But probably you are asking yourself: what is a resume?

In simple words: A resume is a formal document that a job applicant creates to itemize their qualifications for a position. It usually includes work experience, education, skills and any other relevant information you want to share with your future employer.

We need to note the fact that a resume is different from a curriculum vitae (CV).

The CV shows your complete work experience, education, skill set, and anything else you have done, no matter the length of the document, while the resume’s goal is to present anything relevant in a clear and easy-to-read format.

Unlike a CV, a resume should be modified for each and every job position, so that it would be as relevant as possible, and it should not exceed 1-2 pages.

The goal of your resume is to quickly and effectively show your potential employer why you are uniquely qualified for their job opening, based on your relevant experience and skills.

Preparation before writing a resume

As we said earlier, a resume should be kept short and to the point, it should only include relevant information for the job position.

The easiest way to perfect your resume writing is to get started with some preparation.

What you need to do is get a list of:

• Accomplishments from previous jobs
• Your skill set - soft, hard and technical skills
• Details about your previous jobs
• Details about your education
• Certifications, awards and honors
• Anything else that you might want to include in your resume at one point

Don’t worry about the writing, just focus on the relevance to the job position of everything you write down.

Once you are done, step away. Give it a few hours.

And when you are well rested again, come back to it with fresh eyes and perfect your writing.

Format and Layout

Now you have everything you might want to include in your future resumes, all in one place, and that’s great!

But there is just one more thing to do before we start filling each section with information.

And that’s a pretty important step - choosing the format and sticking to a good layout.

Don’t worry, we got you covered, and we will go through the 3 main resume formats.

A reverse chronological resume format is the most popular one out there.

It has the great advantage of being suitable for pretty much every job position.

This format is mostly career-oriented - it lists your work history in order, as the most recent position would be at the top.

It is the ideal format for people with lots of work experience, relevant to the job position they are applying for.

Check out some of our great examples - Reverse Chronological Resume .

But if you don’t feel confident that your work experience is relevant enough, don’t worry, the next resume format would be perfect for you.

As opposed to the reverse chronological resume, the functional resume format is mainly focused on your skill set.

It is the perfect choice for you if you are looking for your first job or career change, or if you are trying to steer away the employer’s focus from a gap in your employment history.

The great thing about the functional resume format is that it groups your skills in categories and presents them in a great and easy-to-read format.

Check out some examples to form a better idea of what the function resume format is - Functional Resume .

You are not convinced that this is your format either? We have one last format for you and it is guaranteed to work!

As its name shows, this resume format combines all the best features of the reverse chronological and the functional resume.

What it includes is both a reverse chronological work history section, and a highly detailed skill section.

It’s mostly used for job positions that require expertise in a variety of fields, and you want to show that you are the right person for the job.

Get a better understanding of the combination resume format with these examples - Hybrid Resume .

Great, you picked your resume format, now let’s focus on one last thing - the layout .

There are a few important points that you need to follow in order to do this part right.

First, keep it short and to the point. One page is what you need. Don’t go for 2 pages, unless you are absolutely sure that it would add some significant value.

Pick the right font and font size:

• Your font should stand out, but not too much, so you can go for Ubuntu, Roboto and Overpass, but don’t ever try Comic Sans.
• Keep your text between 11 and 12pt, so that it would be easy to read
• Pick a heading type (H1, H2…) and stick with it for all sections. Use between 14 and 16pt so that titles would stand out a little more

To ensure that your resume would look good, make sure you have sufficient white space between sections and appropriate margins (at least 0.7 inches)

And last, but not least - save your resume as PDF . It’s going to keep your formatting as it is, no matter what, as opposed to alternatives like Word.

We know that it might be intimidating to process all that information.

But don’t worry, we got you covered.

There are a few main templates that you can stick to, according to the type of resume you are trying to achieve.

The first, and most multifunctional format, is the Basic . You can use it on any occasion, but it is not specifically concentrated on any section, so if you want to focus on something more, keep reading, we’ve got more for you.

If you just graduated from college and don’t have much experience, you might want to focus more on your education and skills, rather than anything else, so you would want to use the College Resume Example .

We mentioned earlier the functional resume format, we have some examples for you to check out: Function Resume Template .

The other resume templates you can check out, according to your goal are:

• Infographic Resume Template
• Minimalist Resume Template
• Modern Resume Template
• Timeline Resume Template
• Traditional Resume Template
• Two-column Resume Template

Check them all and win the resume game.

Resume Structure

Okay, we are doing great so far!

Let’s dive into all the different sections your resume can have .

Believe it or not, this is the most critical section of your resume.

No matter how well you did everything, how skilled and experienced you are, the HR won’t ever call you in for an interview if you misspelled your phone number.

This section should be on the top of your resume and must include your name, email and phone number. The mailing address is mandatory.

Your name should be highly visible with bolder or larger font than the rest of the document.

As you want to look professional in the eyes of your potential employer, make sure your email address sounds professional. Consider creating a new email account if you currently use an outdated email service.

You can also include a portfolio if you are applying for creative positions, or a LinkedIn profile, but make sure you make it a strong one.

If you feel like more tips on the topic would be of use, check out Contact Information on Resume .

And last, as we stated in the beginning of this section - make sure your contact information is correct. You should double-check it, and even triple-check it and make sure everything is correct and up-to-date.

This is a very small part of your overall resume, but it is an extremely important one.

As it is one of the first things a hiring manager would see when looking at your resume, you need to perfect it.

What it actually is, is a short statement in two or three sentences. It’s a description of who you are as a candidate.

A well-written introduction can grab the hiring manager’s attention and multiply your chances of getting the job you applied for.

It’s not a deal-breaker if you skip this section and decide you don’t need it, but that short statement on top of your resume can really be key for getting called for an interview.

The work experience is the heart of your resume.

The first thing the hiring manager would look for are the job titles and the companies you have worked for. Make sure this information is easy to find.

The basics of this section should include:

• Job position
• Location of the Company
• Dates of employment

But no matter how impressive your work experience, compressed in these 4 points, it might not be good enough for the employer.

Employers don’t want only basic information, they are much more interested in the impact you had on the companies you previously worked for.

Results matter and numbers are important.

No matter what were your previous positions, there is always some metric that can show your potential employer you had a significant impact.

Perfect this section by checking out - Work Experience Section .

Having a clear education section is essential for your resume, especially if your work experience is limited, or you have just graduated.

If you don’t have much work experience, but your track record in school is good, consider making your education section highly-detailed and include all your education-related accomplishments .

On the contrary, if you have a few years of work experience, your education section should shrink down to the basics.

In most cases, listing the school name, the attendance years and your degree would be enough.

If you want to go deeper in this section’s topic, check out - Education Section .

Before starting this section, we need to define the difference between the two main types of skills - soft and hard.

Hard Skills

Using simple words, a hard skill is one that can be learned, taught, or measured and is not dependent on your industry.

Examples of such skills are any language or computer skills, or ability to operate heavy machinery.

Soft Skills

A soft skill is a personality trait that is hard to measure but that makes you great at your job.

Examples of such skills are being a team player, being driven to succeed, or having a great attitude.

Now that we have defined both types of skills, it’s pretty much up to you to decide which ones to include on your resume.

The important thing is to list them clearly, so it would be easy for the hiring manager to see them and note them.

If they see right away the skills that they seek, they are much more likely to take your resume under consideration.

As this section is very important, but somewhat complex, we recommend you look into it a little more - Skills Section .

If you have gone this far, you know all the basics you need for your resume.

There are a few more sections that you can add to your resume, if you think they would contribute in some way, or if you consider your resume still incomplete.

Certifications, Awards, & Honors

This section can potentially be very important, but you really need to show something impressive, if you decide to go for it.

If your potential employer needs to see some specific certifications, make sure you know which ones to include in your resume before you send it, because leaving some out could potentially ruin your application by making you seem unqualified.

In any other case, if you feel like some certification, award or honor would be relevant in your resume, feel free to include it.

If you would like to read a little more on the topic - Certifications on Resume .

And feel free to add any other section that you feel would help your hiring process.

Here are a few sections that you can consider:

• Publications
• Volunteering
• Hobbies & Interests

Tailor Your Information to the Job Ad

So far, so good.

Now we need to remember once again that the resume’s purpose is to be fitted for a specific job position.

So don’t forget to make it so, don’t send out the same resume for a variety of different positions, because it just won’t work.

The most important thing to do here is to adjust the keywords, especially in your skills section.

Show the employer that the skill set you have is perfectly fitted to the company’s needs.

You should also consider modifying your work experience and education sections, depending on the job requirements.

But all in all - focus on the keywords for each and every job position you are applying for.

Cover Letter

Okay, you seem to be all done with your resume.

So you might be asking yourself - I have a great resume, do I need a cover letter?

The answer is always - yes, if you have the option.

Cover letters may be crucial in the hiring process because they let you provide context for your resume.

Furthermore, they let you show off your personality and your enthusiasm for the job you are applying for.

A well-written cover letter can really boost your application and be the game-changer in your hiring project, so don’t hesitate to learn How to Tell a Story in a Cover Letter .

We reached the end of our topic, but don’t relax just yet, because this is an important one.

Typos and grammatical errors are the most common mistakes found in resumes.

And quite often they are a dealbreaker for the employer.

So don’t skip out on proofreading and do it right.

Here are some tips to be sure your resume would be mistake-free:

• Try reading your resume backwards (it can help you identify errors by presenting the words in a new order)
• Ask trusted friends, colleagues, professors and family members if they can review your resume (third-party opinions can help reveal new information you might have overlooked)
• Try reading the resume a few times, but at different times of the day (it would clear up your mind and help you identify mistakes, you didn’t see before)

And, of course, don’t forget the layout recommendations we gave you before - check your font and font sizes.

One final thing - if your resume is more than one page, review it once again and try to shorten it to one page.

Takeaways: What is a resume?

We are all done.

Now you know the difference between a Resume and a CV.

You also learned the basics of writing your Resume and modifying it according to the job position.

You have in your knowledge the most important dos and don'ts for writing a Resume, and you’ve got a great variety of links to deepen your knowledge for every step of the writing process.

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Learning Objectives

• Describe the differences among functional, reverse chronological, combination, targeted, and scannable résumés.
• Discuss what features are required in each type of résumé.
• Prepare a one-page résumé.

A résumé is a document that summarizes your education, skills, talents, employment history, and experiences in a clear and concise format for potential employers. The résumé serves three distinct purposes that define its format, design, and presentation:

• To represent your professional information in writing
• To demonstrate the relationship between your professional information and the problem or challenge the potential employer hopes to solve or address, often represented in the form of a job description or duties
• To get you an interview by clearly demonstrating you meet the minimum qualifications and have the professional background help the organization meet its goals

An online profile page is similar to a résumé in that it represents you, your background and qualifications, and adds participation to the publication. People network, link, and connect in new ways via online profiles or professional sites like LinkedIn. In many ways, your online profile is an online version of your résumé with connections and friends on public display. Your MySpace and Facebook pages are also often accessible to the public, so never post anything you wouldn’t want your employer (current or future) to read, see, or hear. This chapter covers a traditional résumé, as well as the more popular scannable features, but the elements and tips could equally apply to your online profile.

Main Parts of a Résumé

Regardless of the format, employers have expectations for your résumé. They expect it to be clear, accurate, and up to date (Bennett, S. A., 2005). This document represents you in your absence, and you want it to do the best job possible. You don’t want to be represented by spelling or grammatical errors, as they may raise questions about your education and attention to detail. Someone reading your résumé with errors will only wonder what kind of work you might produce that will poorly reflect on their company. There is going to be enough competition that you don’t want to provide an easy excuse to toss your résumé at the start of the process. Do your best work the first time.

Résumés have several basic elements that employers look for, including your contact information, objective or goal, education and work experience, and so on. Each résumé format may organize the information in distinct ways based on the overall design strategy, but all information should be clear, concise, and accurate (Simons, W., and Curtis, R., 2004).

Contact Information

This section is often located at the top of the document. The first element of the contact information is your name. You should use your full, legal name even if you go by your middle name or use a nickname. There will plenty of time later to clarify what you prefer to be called, but all your application documents, including those that relate to payroll, your social security number, drug screenings, background checks, fingerprint records, transcripts, certificates or degrees, should feature your legal name. Other necessary information includes your address, phone number(s), and e-mail address. If you maintain two addresses (e.g., a campus and a residential address), make it clear where you can be contacted by indicating the primary address. For business purposes, do not use an unprofessional e-mail address like [email protected] or [email protected]. Create a new e-mail account if needed with an address suitable for professional use.

Figure 9.7 Sample Contact Information

This is one part of your résumé that is relatively simple to customize for an individual application. Your objective should reflect the audience’s need to quickly understand how you will help the organization achieve its goals.

Figure 9.8 Sample Objective

You need to list your education in reverse chronological order, with your most recent degree first. List the school, degree, and grade point average (GPA). If there is a difference between the GPA in your major courses and your overall GPA, you may want to list them separately to demonstrate your success in your chosen field. You may also want to highlight relevant coursework that directly relate to the position.

Figure 9.9 Sample Education Field

Work Experience

List in reverse chronological order your employment history, including the positions, companies, locations, dates, duties and skills demonstrated or acquired. You may choose to use active, descriptive sentences or bullet lists, but be consistent. Emphasize responsibilities that involved budgets, teamwork, supervision, and customer service when applying for positions in business and industry, but don’t let emphasis become exaggeration. This document represents you in your absence, and if information is false, at a minimum you could lose your job.

Figure 9.10 Sample Work Experience

Table 9.5 Types of Résumés

You may choose to include references at the end of your résumé, though “references upon request” is common. You may also be tempted to extend your résumé to more than one page, but don’t exceed that limit unless the additional page will feature specific, relevant information that represents several years of work that directly relates to the position. The person reading your résumé may be sifting through many applicants and will not spend time reading extra pages. Use the one-page format to put your best foot forward, remembering that you may never get a second chance to make a good first impression.

Maximize Scannable Résumé Content

Use key words.

Just as there are common search terms, and common words in relation to each position, job description, or description of duties, your scannable résumé needs to mirror these common terms. Use of nonstandard terms may not stand out, and your indication of “managed employees” may not get the same attention as the word “supervision” or “management.”

Follow Directions

If a job description uses specific terms, refers to computer programs, skills, or previous experience, make sure you incorporate that language in your scannable résumé. You know that when given a class assignment, you are expected to follow directions; similarly, the employer is looking for specific skills and experience. By mirroring the employer’s language and submitting your application documents in accord with their instructions, you convey a spirit of cooperation and an understanding of how to follow instructions.

Insert a Key Word Section

Consider a brief section that lists common words associated with the position as a skills summary: customer service, business communication, sales, or terms and acronyms common to the business or industry.

Make It Easy to Read

You need to make sure your résumé is easy to read by a computer, including a character recognition program. That means no italics, underlining, shading, boxes, or lines. Choose a sans serif (without serif, or decorative end) font like Arial or Tahoma that won’t be misread. Simple, clear fonts that demonstrate no points at which letters may appear to overlap will increase the probability of the computer getting it right the first time. In order for the computer to do this, you have to consider your audience—a computer program that will not be able to interpret your unusual font or odd word choice. A font size of eleven or twelve is easier to read for most people, and while the computer doesn’t care about font size, the smaller your font, the more likely the computer is to make the error of combining adjacent letters.

Printing, Packaging and Delivery

Use a laser printer to get crisp letter formation. Inkjet printers can have some “bleed” between characters that may make them overlap, and therefore be misunderstood. Folds can make it hard to scan your document. E-mail your résumé as an attachment if possible, but if a paper version is required, don’t fold it. Use a clean, white piece of paper with black ink; colors will only confuse the computer. Deliver the document in a nine-by-twelve-inch envelope, stiffened with a sheet of cardstock (heavy paper or cardboard) to help prevent damage to the document.

Figure 9.11 Sample Format for Chronological Résumé

Figure 9.12 Sample Format for Functional Résumé

Figure 9.13 Sample Format for Scannable Résumé

Key Takeaway

A résumé will represent your skills, education, and experience in your absence. Businesses increasingly scan résumés into searchable databases.

• Find a job announcement with specific duties that represents a job that you will be prepared for upon graduation. Choose a type of résumé and prepare your résumé to submit to the employer as a class assignment. Your instructor may also request a scannable version of your résumé.
• Conduct an online search for a functional or chronological résumé. Please post and share with your classmates.
• Conduct an online search for job advertisements that detail positions you would be interested in, and note the key job duties and position requirements. Please post one example and share with your classmates.
• When is a second page of your résumé justified? Explain.
• Conduct an online search for resources to help you prepare your own résumé. Please post one link and a brief review of the Web site, noting what features you found useful and at least one recommendation for improvement.

Bennett, S. A. (2005). The elements of résumé style: Essential rules and eye-opening advice for writing résumés and cover letters that work . AMACOM.

Simons, W., & Curtis, R. (2004). The Résumé.com guide to writing unbeatable résumés . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Business Communication for Success Copyright © 2015 by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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What Is a Cover Letter and How to Write One? (Expert Guide)

A cover letter is an integral part of the job search process . Often, a good cover letter is what gets you the job. However, not many people know how to write a good one. Some may not even know what a purpose of a cover letter is.

In this expert guide, you can find not only a definition of what is a cover letter and how to write a good cover letter, but also tips on how to structure it and send it. Finally, get inspired by the examples, that our experts prepared for you.

Keep on reading and you will also learn:

• why do you need a cover letter;
• what types of cover letters exist;
• the difference between a cover letter and a letter of interest;
• the difference between a cover letter and a motivation letter;

Find out your resume score!

What is a cover letter (Definition + Purpose + Types)

The purpose of a cover letter is to introduce yourself to your future potential employer.

A cover letter illustrates your background and explains why the offered position would be a good fit for you. In a cover letter, you have a unique chance to present yourself, show your personality, and add details that one cannot fit into a structured resume.

In addition, with your cover letter, you can also make up for the lack of previous experience. That is if you can make your enthusiasm and positive qualities shine through.

Over the years the importance of a cover letter grew significantly, and a cover letter became a standardized part of the process of a job application.

With the highly competitive job market, a resume alone – no matter how strong – is simply not enough to get hired. In fact, in 45% of cases, the reason for not being called to an interview is a missing cover letter.

What is the difference between a cover letter and a letter of interest?

While the cover letter and a letter of interest are rather similar, there is a subtle difference between these two. Based on the specific circumstances in which you find yourself, you can decide which one is the right one to write.

• A letter of interest  is commonly used in situations when there is NO specific job opening. You send a letter of interest when you find a company interesting, and you believe you would fit in well. However , you are not applying for a concrete job position. Therefore, you can write about your skills and professional experiences more broadly so you can make yourself available to a wider range of possible positions . Furthermore, in a letter of interest, you can always politely request an interview.
• A cover letter  is   a response to a concrete job opening. Therefore, you focus on a more limited set of qualities that would make you the perfect candidate for this specific role.

Moreover, a cover letter always comes hand in hand with a resume. Because of that, a cover letter should always mention your CV and match it. In a cover letter, you can also elaborate on the information, which is already listed in your resume.

If you want to learn how to write a good resume, have a look at our ultimate resume guide . You can even  turn your LinkedIn profile into a polished resume .

What is the difference between a cover letter and a motivation letter? 

If you are deciding whether to write a cover letter or a motivation letter , it is again important to look at the situation in which you find yourself.

One writes a motivation letter when applying for a study program, a university placement, or a volunteering position. In a motivation letter, you should first and foremost focus on expressing your enthusiasm. Moreover, in a motivation letter, you can put the focus on your personality and on what makes you unique.

In the cover letter, you are advised to do this too; however, the key thing is to demonstrate why are you the perfect fit for a specific role. A cover letter also tends to be shorter than an average motivation letter.

What are different types of cover letters?

When it comes to the cover letter itself, there are three standardized types of cover letters . Each type has a slightly different format. Therefore, it is important to correctly identify which type of cover letter you need and adjust its format accordingly.

Networking cover letter

This very specific type of cover letter is sent out to your professional network in a situation when you are looking for a job but there is no specific job opening to which you are reacting. However, you want to inform your connections that you are open to a new role.

While using your network to get a job is usually the right move, one needs to be extra careful when sending out a networking cover letter. It needs to be formulated with politeness and delicacy.

Unofficial cover letter

Sometimes, only a resume is required by the company. In this situation, it is not necessary to attach an official structured cover letter.

Nonetheless, if you want to demonstrate the depth of your interest and elaborate on your professional experience in more detail, you can always write a short, un-official, and more casual cover letter. It should not follow the strict cover letter format and it can be only around two paragraphs long.

If you want to, you can even place it in the body of an email, to which you are attaching your CV.

Application cover letter

This is the standard and most common type of cover letter. You write it when you want a specific job position for which you saw an opening.

There are several unwritten rules on how to write it. So, if you are asking what makes a good cover letter and what you should do to write one, just scroll down to the next chapter.

How to write a cover letter in 2022

Writing a good cover letter is not as hard as it may seem at first. There are a few unspoken rules that if you follow, you have a high chance of being called for an interview. All you need to know is what to include in your cover letter and how to format it.

What to include in your cover letter and what is the cover letter structure?

If you are wondering what to put in your cover letter and how to structure it, what follows is a simple step-by-step list of elements that cannot be missing from a good cover letter.

At the start of your cover letter , you should have the correct heading and contact information. Don’t forget, this is your one chance to make a good first impression. Always include:

• your full name in large font as a heading. Possibly, you can also use a catchphrase, if you really want the attention of the recruiter; 
• follow it by contact details, such as a phone number or email;
• include the information about your employer: such as the name of the recruiting person (if applicable), the name of the company, the address, phone number, and an email address;
• address the cover letter to the person who is listed as a recruiter/hiring manager. If their name and contact details are not available online, go for the standard " Dear Sir/Madam" ;
• don’t forget to mention how you came across the offer - their webpage, LinkedIn, or a friend who works there already;

In the body of the cover letter, write about your professional skills, past experiences, and hopes and aspirations for your professional future. Describe how your previous experiences shaped you and why does it make you the perfect fit for the job. Mention also that this job is, in exchange, a good fit for you, too.

Here, you should not exceed three paragraphs. Don't be repetitive, or too descriptive - rather demonstrate your qualities. 

At the end of a cover letter, try to   catch the attention of the recruiter again. Emphasize your motivation and repeat, why are you the right person for the job.

Never forget to thank the hiring manager for their time and express your high hope for hearing back from them. Mention your resume and remember to sign the letter with your full official name.

Cover letter formatting  

The cover letter is usually read by the HR department. In large corporates, there are on average 250 applicants per one open position. Because of this, the hiring manager has an extremely limited time to look at your cover letter. Thanks to this, you must make sure your cover letter is simple, not too long, well-structured, and easy to read.

• Your cover letter must have the correct length. A cover letter should never exceed one A4 page. At the same time, it should not be shorter than half a page. A good cover letter is 250-300 words long, with 400 words being the maximum limit.
• It consists of approximately three to four paragraphs and the maximum acceptable number of paragraphs is six.
• The best font to use for a cover letter is a classic, simple, and professional one. For instance, with the good-old Arial, Calibri , or Times New Roman, you can never make a mistake. However, if you work in a creative business, you can always consider using a more eye-catching design. Remember though, it should always remain easy to read and navigate.
• The size of letters should be between 10.5 and 12, the margins 1 or 1.5.  

If you want to have a clearer idea about how to write the perfect cover letter, have a look at this video tutorial . 

How to write a cover letter with no experience

If you are in an early stage of your career and only fresh out of school, do not despair. A cover letter can be your biggest help in this situation. As opposed to your resume, in a cover letter, your positive attitude can change a lot. Make it clear how enthusiastic and eager to learn you are.

Focus on your qualities, skills, extracurricular, or volunteering experience. Possibly, you may have some related experience from your personal life. If it is truly relevant, include it, too.

How experts do it: best cover letter examples

Now that you know what a finished cover letter looks like and how to write one, you can get inspired by cover letter examples written by our experts. This will make sure that from now on you will write truly perfect cover letters.

Example 1: Cover letter for the position of nanny

Example 2: Cover letter for the position of s oftware engineer

Example 3: Cover letter for a position of marketing intern

Have a look at other cover letter examples, too. And you can have a cover letter just like this as well! Just use one of our Kickresume cover letter templates . You can choose a free or a premium one.

Tips for sending a cover letter by email

Once you have the cover letter written, it is time to hit the send. But be careful, don’t make any mistakes that could lead to your application being rejected. Here are some tips on how to send the cover letter properly via email:

• Don’t forget to properly read the instructions written in the job opening. Usually, the instructions are placed at the bottom of the job advertisement. Here, one can find the name and the email address of the hiring manager who will receive the applications. Double-check the information and make sure you address the person in the email, as well as the body of the cover letter.
• Do not forget to write an appropriate email subject, in which you mention the job position and the fact that you are applying for it
• In the email itself, be polite and brief . Remember to mention the Cover Letter in the attachment.
• Make sure your email address sounds professional . Your email must have your full name and surname in it. Nicknames, extra letters, or numbers are not recommended.
• Don’t forget to attach the cover letter, and/or Resume. We have all forgotten to attach something before. However, do not let it happen in this instance – you have only one chance to make a good first impression.
• Save the cover letter properly. Use a format, which is easy to open for most computers (such as .pdf). Don’t forget to name the document properly – mention your name, the position for which you are applying, and consider adding a date. Always match it with the name of your CV.
• Don’t forget to thank the recruiter for their time. Politeness can get you far.
• End the email with your full name and best regards. Be official and professional, this is no time for being casual.

Other cover letter tips and ideas

• Make it easy to read, always. A simple and larger font, shorter sentences, and captivating beginning of paragraphs will get you far.
• Put the most important information at the beginning.
• Do not send the same cover letter to multiple openings. Always tailor the perfect resume for each job offer.

And there you go! Now when you know how to write the perfect cover letter. For the best result, use one of our Kickresume cover letter templates! 

Kickresume wishes you the best of luck with your application. Get that dream job!

Kaja Jurčišinová

Kaja Jurcisinova is a fresh graduate and a junior copywriter at Kickresume. Kaja completed her undergraduate degree in Art History at the University of St Andrews in 2018 and graduated with a Master’s in Arts and Culture from the University of Groningen in 2021. She was an intern at multiple cultural institutions across Europe, including the Dutch Museum Association in Amsterdam, the Matter of Art Biennale in Prague, and the European Cultural Centre in Venice. At the moment, she resides in Visby on the Swedish island of Gotland.

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Definition of resume

 (Entry 1 of 2)

transitive verb

intransitive verb

Definition of résumé  (Entry 2 of 2)

• proceed (with)
• encapsulation
• recapitulation
• run-through
• summarization

Examples of resume in a Sentence

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'resume.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

Middle English, from Anglo-French or Latin; Anglo-French resumer , from Latin resumere , from re- + sumere to take up, take — more at consume

French résumé , from past participle of résumer to resume, summarize, from Middle French resumer

15th century, in the meaning defined at transitive sense 1

1782, in the meaning defined at sense 2

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“Resume.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/resume. Accessed 24 Apr. 2024.

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What Is a Cover Letter?

Understanding cover letters, types of cover letters, how to write a cover letter, tips for writing a cover letter.

• Cover Letter FAQs

The Bottom Line

• Career Advice

What Is a Cover Letter? Types and How To Write One

A cover letter is a written document commonly submitted with a job application outlining the applicant's credentials and interest in the open position. Since a cover letter is often one of only two documents sent to a potential employer, a well- or poorly-written letter can impact whether the applicant is called for an interview .

Key Takeaways

• A cover letter is commonly submitted with a job application explaining the applicant's credentials and interest in the position.
• A good cover letter complements the resume and explains why the candidate is the ideal person for the job.
• Common cover letter mistakes can sink a job applicant.

Investopedia / Joules Garcia

Most job postings are done online and no longer require a physical application. Instead, applicants send companies a copy of their resume along with a cover letter either by email or with a hard copy through the mail. A resume offers a glimpse into the professional and academic experience of a potential employee. The cover letter, on the other hand, acts as an introduction written by the candidate to express their interest in the position and what makes them the best fit for the job.

A good cover letter complements a resume by expanding on items relevant to the job. In essence, it's a sales pitch that describes why the applicant is the best person for the position. Career experts advise job seekers to spend time customizing each cover letter for the particular position, rather than using a generic missive. Although this requires extra effort, it can be very helpful in allowing an applicant to stand out above the competition.

The cover letter provides information to the employer about who the candidate is as a professional and as a person. This includes their areas of interest, professional goals, knowledge, skills they've gained over the years, achievements, passions, and aspirations. The cover letter should be a one-page document that provides a clear and concise idea about why the candidate is the best person for the job . It should also highlight the cultural fit.

While there is no set template for a cover letter, the type of letter that you write will depend on the requirements of each individual company or employer. The information that is included in a cover letter will vary depending on the goals and purpose of your application.

• An application cover letter is the most familiar type of cover letter. This is generally written in response to a vacancy that is posted on a company's website or a job board. In addition to answering any specific questions posted in the job ad, it may also highlight any experience or skills that are suitable for the position.
• A referral cover letter is similar to an application letter, but it includes the name of a colleague or employee who recommended the applicant for the open position. A strong referral can help you stand out against other applicants.
• A prospecting cover letter , also known as a letter of interest, is written by a job seeker and addressed to a company where they would like to work. However, it is not aimed at a specific role or vacancy. Instead, this type of letter inquires about open positions in general and may highlight any special skills that make the writer suitable for the company.

When employers post a job ad that requires a cover letter, they may specify certain requirements for the cover letter to address. For example, they may require applicants to answer certain questions, or to respect a certain word limit. It is important to follow these requirements, as they reflect on the applicant's ability to understand and follow directions.

If the employer does not set any expectations, a typical cover letter should be about a page or less, and may include a formal greeting, contact information, and links to the applicant's portfolio or work. It should highlight any special skills, and explain why you would be a good fit for the position. This is your chance to impress the employer: Even if your resume does not have everything an employer wants, a well-written cover letter can make the applicant stand out from the crowd.

However, it is possible to include too much information. Most employers will simply glance at the majority of their cover letters, and a long-winded essay might end up at the bottom of the pile. A few short paragraphs explaining your skills, and why you chose that specific employer, should be enough to put your best foot forward.

Writing a cover letter doesn't have to be tedious—even though it may seem like it's a chore. Here are a few simple tips you may want to consider when composing your cover letter:

• Personalize your letter for each role. Never use a generic cover letter. This means you have to write a new one for each position. Be sure to include your strengths and skills, and explain why you’re the perfect candidate.
• Include contact information. If the posting doesn't include the hiring manager's name, call the company , or check its website. Including this person's name gives your letter a proper greeting and also shows you have initiative. And don't forget to add your contact information, too. This is important if your resume gets separated from your cover letter.
• Simplify your letter. Communicate clearly and concisely. Using complex words and sentences would most certainly fail to convey your intentions with the company and the person reading the letter probably won't bother with the rest of your application.
• Be specific when needed. Don't rehash your resume, so be sure to quantify your accomplishments. For instance, expand on your marketing experience in your cover letter by saying you brought in 200 additional clients each month and increased revenue to $10,000. This can set you apart from candidates with vague personal details.
• Proofread. After you’ve written the letter, go over it a few times to ensure there are no errors. Then ask someone else to do a once-over and recommend any changes you may need to make.

A simple, focused cover letter without any typos or grammatical errors will get you noticed by potential employers.

A perfect resume can often be sabotaged by a poorly thought-out cover letter or one that is laden with mistakes. Whether you include the letter as per required submission guidelines, or you simply want to emphasize your interest in the job, make sure you avoid making these blunders.

• Names matter. This includes the name of the hiring manager, the company, and yes, even yours. Make sure you have the right names and the correct spelling. And don't forget to change the names if you're using the same cover letter for multiple jobs.
• Restating your resume. Since the cover letter is used to identify your skills and explain how your previous experience is applicable to the desired position, don't restate the stuff on your resume. Remember, the cover letter should complement your resume, not just summarize it.
• Keep your letter tight. Recruiters often go through hundreds of applications and don't have time to read through a three-page missive. The absolute maximum length for a cover letter should be one page, with a few concise paragraphs.
• Omit unnecessary details. Stay on topic. There's no need to mention your graphic-design skills if you're applying for an accounting position. It's a good idea to leave out personal things like your IQ, recreational accomplishments, interests, and hobbies. That is unless they relate to the job or company.
• Avoid sounding arrogant. Ensure your cover letter does not make you appear arrogant . While the cover letter is about you and your accomplishments, find a way of saying "I'm the best" without actually saying it. Avoid overusing words like "I," "me," or "my."
• Remember that spelling counts. Typos and grammatical errors can show you didn't bother to proofread your own letter. And make sure to be consistent—don't convey a dash with "--" in one place and "—" in another.
• Design matters : with the proliferation of publishing, design trends, and software, candidates have become creative in making their cover letter stand out from a design perspective. Make sure your cover letter projects your personality in terms of design while remaining professional. That is personal signature and branding.

How Long Should a Cover Letter Be?

According to Indeed , a leading job-seeking site, a typical cover letter should be about three or four paragraphs long and highlight any special experience or achievements that make the applicant exceptionally well-suited to the position.

How Do You Start a Cover Letter?

A cover letter should start with a formal greeting, preferably addressed to the hiring manager. If you do not know who will be reading your cover letter, a generic "to whom it may concern" is an acceptable, albeit old-fashioned, way to address a cover letter. It is also acceptable to address the letter to a title, such as "Dear Hiring Manager," or "Dear Talent Acquisition Team."

What Should a Cover Letter Contain?

An effective cover letter should highlight the applicant's skills, experience, and any achievements that make them a good fit for their prospective employer. It is also a good chance to mention anything that is not included in the resume: For example, if an applicant is drawn to a certain employer because they love a certain product, the cover letter is a great place to mention it. Make sure your cover letter also includes your name and contact information.

In a competitive jobs market, an effective cover letter is one way to make a job application stand out. This is a chance for an applicant to demonstrate why they think they would be a good fit. However, a poorly-written or meandering cover letter can hurt an application more than it helps.

Harvard Extension School. " Resources and Cover Letters: An Extension School Resource ," Pages 3 and 5.

Harvard Extension School. " Resources and Cover Letters: An Extension School Resource ," Page 5.

Jobscan. " Cover Letter Formats ."

Indeed. " What Is a Cover Letter? "

Indeed. " How to Address a Cover Letter (With Examples). "

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