indian space education system essay

• Skip to primary navigation
• Skip to main content
• Skip to primary sidebar

UPSC Coaching, Study Materials, and Mock Exams

Enroll in ClearIAS UPSC Coaching Join Now Log In

Call us: +91-9605741000

Indian Space Program: Phases and Achievements

Last updated on January 5, 2024 by ClearIAS Team

Indian Space Research Organization ( ISRO ) is the nodal agency and flag bearer in the Indian Space Program.

The Indian Space Program is guided by a probabilistic perspective. It is a regional development instrument. This built on an optical fibre network and wireless communication devices.

Learn more about this topic.

Also read: Aditya-L1 Mission

Table of Contents

Objectives of the Indian Space Program

ISRO has also contributed to science and science education in the country. The Department of Space oversees several dedicated research centers and independent organizations for remote sensing, astronomy and astrophysics, atmospheric sciences, and space sciences in general. the objectives of the Indian Space Program are twofold:

• Space discovery and exploration through space missions.
• Promotion of research and education related to space science in the country. E.g. Tele-education in remote areas in India.

Some of the other functions of the Indian Space Program are:

Add IAS, IPS, or IFS to Your Name!

Your Effort. Our Expertise.

Join ClearIAS

• Resource management such as mineral resources, agriculture, marine resources, etc.
• Environment conservation.
• Internal security and terrorism. E.g. use of IRNSS for regional security.
• Weather forecasting.
• Disaster Management.

Also read about SSLV , PSLV , and GSLV .

Communications satellites India

Communications satellites allow radio, television, and telephone transmissions to be sent live anywhere in the world. The purpose of communications satellites is to relay the signal around the curve of the Earth allowing communication between widely separated points. Communication Satellites use Microwaves and Radio waves for transmitting signals.

Indian National Satellite (INSAT) Series

• With nine operational communication satellites in Geo-stationary orbit, the Indian National Satellite (INSAT) system is one of the largest domestic communication satellite systems in the Asia-Pacific area.
• INSAT System consists of 14 operational satellites, namely – INSAT-3A, 3C, 4A, 4B, 4CR, 3DR and GSAT-6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15 and 16.
• Educational TV Services
• Telemedicine Programme
• Satellite-Aided Search and Rescue
• Disaster management
• Helps in geopolitics like the SAARC satellite.
• Helps in the commercialization of space programs, like launching the communication satellites of Russia USA, etc.

Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS)

• ISRO has deployed numerous operational remote sensing satellites since IRS-1A in 1988. India now operates one of the largest constellations of remote-sensing satellites.
• IRS satellite consists of CARTOSAT, OCEANSAT & RISAT (Resource Sat) Satellites

Application of IRS satellites:

• Disaster Management Support
• BioResources and Environment survey and mapping e.g. RESOURCESAT
• Cartography e.g. CARTOSAT
• Agriculture & Soil
• Rural and Urban Development e.g. National Drinking Water mission

Important Milestones in the Indian Space Program

Phase I: 1960-70 (Incipient Stage)

• Dr. Vikram Sarabhai is regarded as a scientific visionary as well as the founding father of the Indian space programme.
• He recognized the potential of satellites after the launch of Sputnik in 1957. Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first Prime Minister, who considered scientific advancement as an important component of India’s future, placed space research under the jurisdiction of the Department of Atomic Energy in 1961.
• Homi Bhabha, the father of India’s atomic programme, then founded the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) in 1962, with Dr. Sarabhai as Chairman.
• The Indian space programme began establishing itself with the launch of sounding rockets in 1962, which was aided by India’s geographical proximity to the equator.
• Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) was built near Thiruvananthapuram in south Kerala.
• India developed an indigenous technology of sounding rockets called the Rohini Family of sounding rockets.
• The India Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was established in 1969, and the Department of Space was established in 1972.

Phase II: 1970-80

• Sarabhai had participated in an early NASA study on the viability of employing satellites for uses as diverse as direct television broadcasting.
• India began developing satellite technology in anticipation of future remote sensing and communication requirements.
• India’s first venture into space occurred in 1975, with the launch of their satellite Aryabhata by a Soviet launcher.
• By 1979, the SLV was ready to launch from the Sriharikota Rocket Launching Station, a newly created second launch site (SRLS).
• The first launch in 1979 failed due to a control malfunction in the second stage. This problem had been solved by 1980.
• The first indigenous satellite launched by India was called Rohini.

Phase III: 1980-90

UPSC Prelims Test Series 2024

Take All-India Mock Exams: Analyse Your Progress!

• Following the success of the SLV, ISRO was eager to begin work on a satellite launch vehicle capable of placing a truly useful satellite into polar orbit.
• In 1987, the Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV) was tested, but the launch failed. After modest adjustments, another launch attempt was made in 1988, which also failed.

Phase IV: 1990-2000

• It was not until 1992 that the first successful launch of the ASLV took place.
• Since its first successful launch in 1994, the PSLV has become the workhorse launch vehicle, launching both remote sensing and communications satellites into orbit, establishing the world’s largest cluster, and giving unique data to Indian industry and agriculture.

Developments after 2000

• In 2001, the first development flight of the GSLV took place.
• As the first attempt at exploring the solar system, India pursued a mission to send unmanned probes to the moon in 2008 namely Chandrayaan.
• ISRO has entered the lucrative industry of launching foreign payloads from Indian soil using its rockets.
• After 2010, ISRO embarked on the following programmes: Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV), and next-generation GSLV Mark-III launch vehicle missions are part of the launch vehicle development programme.
• The Earth Observation programme includes cutting-edge Indian remote sensing (IRS) satellites such as Resourcesat, Cartosat, Oceansat, Radar Imaging Satellite, Geo-Imaging Satellite, and weather/climate satellites such as INSAT-3DR missions.
• The satellite navigation programme consists of a constellation of seven Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) satellites and an associated ground segment designed to deliver accurate positional and timing information.

India’s Manned Mission to Space

• Three flights will be sent into orbit.
• There will be two unmanned flights and one human spaceflight.
• The Gaganyaan system module, known as the Orbital Module, would house three Indian astronauts, one of whom would be a woman.
• For 5-7 days, it will circle the Earth in a low-Earth orbit at an altitude of 300-400 km.
• In addition, to assure crew safety during the Gaganyaan mission, ISRO will perform two unmanned ‘Abort Missions’ in 2022.

Scramjet (Supersonic Combusting Ramjet) engine

• In August 2016, ISRO successfully conducted the Scramjet (Supersonic Combusting Ramjet) engine test.
• The Scramjet engine uses Hydrogen as fuel and Oxygen from the atmospheric air as the oxidizer.
• This test was the maiden short-duration experimental test of ISRO’s Scramjet engine with a hypersonic flight at Mach 6.
• ISRO’s Advanced Technology Vehicle (ATV), a futuristic-sounding rocket, served as the solid rocket booster for the supersonic testing of Scramjet engines.
• The new propulsion system will complement ISRO’s reusable launch vehicle that will have a longer flight duration.
• IN-SPACe was launched to provide a level playing field for private companies to use Indian space infrastructure.
• It serves as a single point of contact between the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) and anyone interested in participating in space-related activities or utilizing India’s space resources.

NewSpace India Limited (NSIL):

• It is a Central Public Sector Enterprise of the Government of India that was founded in 2019 and is managed by the Department of Space.
• It is ISRO’s commercial arm, and its major purpose is to enable Indian enterprises to engage in high-technology space-related operations.
• It is headquartered in Bengaluru.

Indian Space Association (ISpA):

• ISpAaspires to be the collective voice of the Indian Space industry. ISpA will be represented by leading domestic and global corporations that have advanced capabilities in space and satellite technologies.

Amazonia-1:

• The 53 rd flight of PSLV-C51 marked the first dedicated mission for New Space India Ltd (NSIL), the commercial arm of ISRO.
• Amazonia-1, the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) optical earth observation satellite, would offer users remote sensing data for monitoring deforestation in the Amazon region and analyzing diverse agriculture across the Brazilian territory.

UNITYsat (three satellites):

• They have been deployed to provide Radio relay services.
• Satish Dhawan Satellite (SDSAT) is a nanosatellite intended to study the radiation levels/space weather and demonstrate long-range communication technologies.

Upcoming Missions:

• Chandrayaan-3 Mission:   Chandrayaan-3 is likely to be launched during the third quarter of 2022.
• EOS-4 (Risat-1A) and EOS-6 (Oceansat-3) — will be launched using ISRO’s workhorse PSLV, and the third one,  EOS-2 (Microsat) , will be launched in the first developmental flight of the Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV).
• These satellites will be launched in the first quarter of 2022.
• Shukrayaan Mission:  The ISRO is also planning a mission to Venus, tentatively called Shukrayaan .
• Own Space Station : India is planning to launch its space station by 2030 , joining the league of the US, Russia, and China to an elite space club
• XpoSat:  Space observatory, XpoSat, designed to study cosmic x-rays.
• There are five Lagrangian points between any two celestial bodies on the satellite where the gravitational attraction of both bodies is equivalent to the force required to keep the satellite in orbit without spending fuel, implying a parking area in space.

Also read:  Space missions in 2024

Article Written by: Remya

Aim IAS, IPS, or IFS?

Prelims cum Mains (PCM) GS Course: Target UPSC CSE 2025 (Online)

₹95000 ₹59000

Prelims cum Mains (PCM) GS Course: Target UPSC CSE 2026 (Online)

₹115000 ₹69000

Prelims cum Mains (PCM) GS Course: Target UPSC CSE 2027 (Online)

₹125000 ₹79000

About ClearIAS Team

ClearIAS is one of the most trusted learning platforms in India for UPSC preparation. Around 1 million aspirants learn from the ClearIAS every month.

Our courses and training methods are different from traditional coaching. We give special emphasis on smart work and personal mentorship. Many UPSC toppers thank ClearIAS for our role in their success.

Download the ClearIAS mobile apps now to supplement your self-study efforts with ClearIAS smart-study training.

Reader Interactions

Leave a reply cancel reply.

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Don’t lose out without playing the right game!

Follow the ClearIAS Prelims cum Mains (PCM) Integrated Approach.

Join ClearIAS PCM Course Now

UPSC Online Preparation

• Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)
• Indian Administrative Service (IAS)
• Indian Police Service (IPS)
• IAS Exam Eligibility
• UPSC Free Study Materials
• UPSC Exam Guidance
• UPSC Prelims Test Series
• UPSC Syllabus
• UPSC Online
• UPSC Prelims
• UPSC Interview
• UPSC Toppers
• UPSC Previous Year Qns
• UPSC Age Calculator
• UPSC Calendar 2024
• About ClearIAS
• ClearIAS Programs
• ClearIAS Fee Structure
• IAS Coaching
• UPSC Coaching
• UPSC Online Coaching
• ClearIAS Blog
• Important Updates
• Announcements
• Book Review
• ClearIAS App
• Work with us
• Advertise with us
• Privacy Policy
• Terms and Conditions
• Talk to Your Mentor

Featured on

and many more...

IAS/IPS/IFS Online Coaching: Target CSE 2025

Are you struggling to finish the upsc cse syllabus without proper guidance, take clearias mock exams: analyse your progress.

Analyse Your Performance and Track Your All-India Ranking

• Become A Member
• Gift Membership
• Kids Membership
• Other Ways to Give
• Explore Worlds
• Defend Earth

How We Work

• Education & Public Outreach
• Space Policy & Advocacy
• Science & Technology
• Global Collaboration

Our Results

Learn how our members and community are changing the worlds.

Our citizen-funded spacecraft successfully demonstrated solar sailing for CubeSats.

Space Topics

• Planets & Other Worlds
• Space Missions
• Space Policy
• Planetary Radio
• Space Images

The Planetary Report

The eclipse issue.

Science and splendor under the shadow.

Get Involved

Membership programs for explorers of all ages.

Get updates and weekly tools to learn, share, and advocate for space exploration.

Volunteer as a space advocate.

Support Our Mission

• Renew Membership
• Society Projects

The Planetary Fund

Accelerate progress in our three core enterprises — Explore Worlds, Find Life, and Defend Earth. You can support the entire fund, or designate a core enterprise of your choice.

• Strategic Framework
• News & Press

The Planetary Society

Know the cosmos and our place within it.

Our Mission

Empowering the world's citizens to advance space science and exploration.

• Explore Space
• Take Action
• Member Community
• Account Center
• “Exploration is in our nature.” - Carl Sagan

The Planetary Society • Feb 13, 2024

The history and motivations behind India's growing space program

In 2023, India became the fourth nation to successfully land a spacecraft on the Moon. The success of the Chandrayaan-3 mission helped establish India as a capable space power and bolstered its growing space ambitions.

The history of India's space program is in many ways the inverse of the history of the U.S. and Russia’s programs. While these superpowers were racing to outdo each other with symbolic, high-profile achievements that culminated in the Apollo Moon landings, India focused on the practical and immediate benefits of space.

That has recently started to change. Buoyed by the success of Chandrayaan-3 and a desire to compete with China, India has announced ambitious human spaceflight plans that include space stations and a Moon landing.

Gurbir Singh joined us on Planetary Radio: Space Policy Edition on Jan. 5, 2024 to talk about the history and motivations behind India’s space program. Singh is the author of The Indian Space Programme: India's Incredible Journey from the Third World towards the First.

The original transcript has been condensed and edited for clarity.

Casey Dreier: Gurbir Singh, thank you so much for joining us on Planetary Radio: Space Policy Edition this month. I'm happy you're here.

Gurbir Singh: Well, thanks very much for reaching out. I'm really delighted to be here.

Casey Dreier: This is a big topic, so we might as well start at the beginning. Why did India start a space program in 1963?

Gurbir Singh: I use the launch of the very first rocket from Indian soil as a marker for the start of the program. That was a suborbital rocket launched from southern India. The payload was a small sodium capsule, which diffused at an altitude of about 150 kilometers. Watching how that payload dispersed was the experiment. That started what we today call the Indian Space Research Organization, or ISRO.

At that point India had been independent [from the British] for about a decade and a half, and the space program was part of the nation-building activities that were taking place. At that time, there were post-World War II developments in England and most of Europe, such as televisions, telephones, and commercial air flights. These were really becoming available to just about everybody.

The space age had started with the launch of Sputnik in 1957 and Yuri Gagarin's flight in 1961. The Indian prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, really believed in science. He believed that the new nation of India, independent India, should be forged on what he called the scientific temper, the temperament of science. So he put science at the forefront, and that's really why space was almost inevitable.

Casey Dreier: What's interesting to me is that India didn’t create this as a Cold War competition. It wasn’t throwing its hat in to compete directly, or to establish itself as a regional power. There were internal and domestic reasons that it wanted to establish a space capability. Is that an accurate way to think of this?

Gurbir Singh: There is a very long tradition of science in Indian history. By the time India became independent, there were many successful Indian scientists of international repute, such as Vikram Sarabhai, who's considered as the father of the Indian space program. They were bright, gifted, and came from very successful industrial families. They had a lot of cash, and they also had contacts in high society. They knew the prime minister. So they were moving in the right circles. And I think that synergy helped to kickstart India in the direction it went.

Casey Dreier: You write that, unlike the space programs being established at the time in the U.S. and Soviet Union, India’s program from the outset was wholly non-military and built to meet the social needs of its huge population. It was really almost inwardly directed as a modernizing force rather than a demonstration of technological competition or global hegemony.

Gurbir Singh: Having lived under suppression, under the control of another nation, was seen as a national humiliation. India did not want to return to that. There was a desire for self-sufficiency rather than some sort of hegemony or sense of superiority over other countries. India is probably the only country with a space program which had entirely non-military foundations, although since then, it has grown to include military aspects.

Casey Dreier: For the first few decades, ISRO focused on servicing the Indian population. But then, in the 1990s, there’s a proposal to send the Chandrayaan-1 scientific mission to the Moon. What caused this new era of exploration to develop within ISRO?

Gurbir Singh: The Moon mission and many other ISRO space programs have been influenced by similar programs in China. In 2003, China had its first human spaceflight success. In 2007, they sent a spacecraft to the Moon. They have built their own space stations. So India has been following in China’s footsteps, just like what happened in the Cold War between the U.S. and Soviet Union.

If China had not gone to the Moon, India wouldn't have gone to the Moon. There's this wonderful quote in a book by the Soviet engineer Boris Chertok where he says that if there hadn't been a Gagarin, there wouldn’t have been an Armstrong.

Casey Dreier: You write that in 2013, India went to Mars with the Mars Orbiter Mission Mangalyaan because both Japan and China had tried and failed. After Mangalyaan, China followed up with its own Tianwen mission and successfully landed. Are we seeing an increase in this tit-for-tat competition?

Gurbir Singh: India went to Mars in 2013 because there was a Chinese spacecraft on board the Fobos-Grunt spacecraft launched by Russia in 2011. That spacecraft never left Earth orbit and failed. India realized that there would be an opportunity to launch a small mission to Mars in 2013, and get there before China.

The spacecraft only had five instruments, which was very stark. A few years after the ISRO chairman had served his time and wrote a book, he admitted that the whole reason why India went to Mars was because China failed, and the whole intention was to be able to say that India got to Mars before China.

We saw this behavior during the Cold War with Sputnik, Gagarin, and Valentina Tereshkova. Every country's trying to wave a flag and say, “we did this.” There's nothing politicians like more than that.

Casey Dreier: Let's talk about the Modi government's relationship to space. Would you characterize that as a natural extension of the previous government's approach to ISRO and space, or is there something different in their approach and embrace of ISRO and its ambitions?

Gurbir Singh: India has always treated ISRO as the goose that lays the golden eggs. It's something all political parties can benefit from, because apart from the fact that it allows the incumbent prime minister to wave India's flag at every ISRO success, ISRO actually is one of the more successful and competent departments of the government. It's traditionally been supported throughout India's history, regardless of the government.

In prime minister Modi's case, during the Chandrayaan-3 touchdown, he was in a live stream split screen. You could see the lander coming into land, and Modi was there waving a small Indian flag. Immediately after the soft landing of Chandrayaan-3, chairman Somanath got onto the pedestal and said, "India is on the Moon." And then he handed the microphone to the prime minister. I hadn't appreciated what an opportunity he would have to address an international audience. He made a 10-minute speech and said all the things that any politician would say.

Casey Dreier: You wrote in your 2017 book that the Modi government is a dynamic government with a nationalist and aggressive economic agenda, and it’s been positioning itself to use the Indian space program as an instrument for regional influence. Has that played out in the way that you thought it would?

Gurbir Singh: The desire for India to be a regional superpower hasn't quite worked out, mainly because India hoped to capture the launch market for nearby countries: Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bhutan, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. But the growth in the international commercial space sector has meant that it's actually quite practical and cost-effective for these countries not to go to the nearest provider, India.

India’s cadence of launches is still very low. Its highest launch rate to Earth orbit or beyond has been seven launches in a year. This year alone, China has already achieved 47, and the U.S. more than 100. I think this has been driving the political changes that's opened up the commercial space sector in India.

The main thing that's been preoccupying ISRO is the Gaganyaan program. India has been developing a launch abort system, parachutes, and capsule recovery techniques. The recent signing of the Artemis Accords and the agreement to have an Indian astronaut go to the International Space Station with NASA will help accelerate the Gaganyaan program. There will be various deals of technology transfer and systems components being sold to India as a result of the collaborative arrangements that are now in place.

Casey Dreier: If the U.S. is increasingly seeing China as a competitive nation in space, then it starts to become a U.S. interest to support India as a backstop against regional influence from China.

Gurbir Singh: That's spot on, and really the reason why India signed the Artemis Accords.

The Artemis Accords would not have been as significant or profound if the International Lunar Research Station did not exist. The International Lunar Research Station is essentially an organization that China and Russia established, but now really China's running with it. The U.S. offered India a really good deal because they didn't want India to go to the International Lunar Research Station.

I think the main reason why India signed is because as part of this agreement, your president offered the Indian prime minister to come speak to a joint assembly of Congress. Any prime minister, especially one who has an election coming up next year, is not going to let that go. He had, I think, a four-day state visit to the U.S. and it's that package deal that made India sign the Artemis Accords.

Casey Dreier: In the past few years, ISRO has opened up to commercial space flight, started a serious effort for human spaceflight, announced an Indian space station, and is aiming for the Moon by 2040. This strikes me as a profound transformation of the role ISRO is going to play in Indian geopolitics.

It seems like the organization has a huge amount of capability to do things, but it's also struggling with capacity. Does that strike you as the biggest challenge facing ISRO and the Indian space community?

Gurbir Singh: I think a lack of capacity has been something that many previous ISRO chairs have identified, and that’s been the motivating factor for opening up the private space sector.

As a result of new space policies, about 200 startup space companies are now operating in India. I think this is where the future of Indian space activities lies: with ISRO helping startups and being supported by startups.

Casey Dreier: I saw that ISRO is facing a budget cut from the Modi government despite all these new ambitions being proposed. What does that tell you about the political commitment to the Indian space program?

Gurbir Singh: Generally, over the last decade or so, ISRO's budget has been increasing. It's at about one-and-a-quarter to one-and-a-half billion U.S. dollars annually. The Gaganyaan program itself, just as a standalone, multi-year program, has been awarded about one billion U.S. dollars. And there was some unspent budget from 2020 and 2021, when not much happened. The Indian economy is doing really well relative to many other Western countries. Economic growth this coming year should lead to a budget increase in the next year.

Casey Dreier: Gurbir Singh is the author of The Indian Space Programme, a book that I really enjoyed and highly recommend to anyone fascinated by this topic. Gurbir, how can people find you online?

Gurbir Singh: The web address for me is gurbir.co.uk , and if anybody's interested in my podcast, I do that on astrotalkuk.org .

Casey Dreier: Thank you so much for being here this month. I hope to have you back in the future.

Gurbir Singh: Great talking to you.

Listen to the full interview on Planetary Radio: Space Policy Edition .

Let’s Go Beyond The Horizon

Every success in space exploration is the result of the community of space enthusiasts, like you, who believe it is important. You can help usher in the next great era of space exploration with your gift today.

For full functionality of this site it is necessary to enable JavaScript. Here are instructions on how to enable JavaScript in your web browser .

Essay on Indian Education System for Students and Children

500+ words essay on indian education system for students and children.

The Indian education system is quite an old education system that still exists. It has produced so many genius minds that are making India proud all over the world. However, while it is one of the oldest systems, it is still not that developed when compared to others, which are in fact newer. This is so as the other countries have gone through growth and advancement, but the Indian education system is still stuck in old age. It faces a lot of problems that need to be sorted to let it reach its full potential.

Problems with Indian Education System

Our Indian education system faces a lot of problems that do not let it prosper and help other children succeed in life . The biggest problem which it has to face is the poor grading system. It judges the intelligence of a student on the basis of academics which is in the form of exam papers. That is very unfair to students who are good in their overall performance but not that good at specific subjects.

Moreover, they only strive to get good marks not paying attention to understanding what is taught. In other words, this encourages getting good marks through mugging up and not actually grasping the concept efficiently.

Furthermore, we see how the Indian education system focuses on theory more. Only a little percentage is given for practical. This makes them run after the bookish knowledge and not actually applying it to the real world. This practice makes them perplexed when they go out in the real world due to lack of practical knowledge.

Most importantly, the Indian education system does not emphasize enough on the importance of sports and arts. Students are always asked to study all the time where they get no time for other activities like sports and arts.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

How Can We Improve Indian Education System?

As the Indian Education System is facing so many problems, we need to come up with effective solutions so it improves and creates a brighter future for students . We can start by focusing on the skill development of the students. The schools and colleges must not only focus on the ranks and grades but on the analytical and creative skills of children.

In addition, subjects must not be merely taught theoretically but with practical. This will help in a better understanding of the subject without them having to mug up the whole thing due to lack of practical knowledge. Also, the syllabus must be updated with the changing times and not follow the old age pattern.

Other than that, the government and private colleges must now increase the payroll of teachers. As they clearly deserve more than what they offer. To save money, the schools hire teachers who are not qualified enough. This creates a very bad classroom environment and learning. They must be hired if they are fit for the job and not because they are working at a lesser salary.

In conclusion, the Indian education system must change for the better. It must give the students equal opportunities to shine better in the future. We need to let go of the old and traditional ways and enhance the teaching standards so our youth can get create a better world.

FAQs on Indian Education System

Q.1 What problems does the Indian Education System face?

A.1 Indian education is very old and outdated. It judges students on the basis of marks and grades ignoring the overall performance of the student. It focuses on academics side-lining arts and sports.

Q.2 How can we improve the Indian education system?

A.2 The colleges and schools must hire well and qualified teachers. They must help students to understand the concept instead of merely mugging up the whole subject.

Customize your course in 30 seconds

Which class are you in.

• Travelling Essay
• Picnic Essay
• Our Country Essay
• My Parents Essay
• Essay on Favourite Personality
• Essay on Memorable Day of My Life
• Essay on Knowledge is Power
• Essay on Gurpurab
• Essay on My Favourite Season
• Essay on Types of Sports

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Download the App

Understanding India’s Uses of Space: Space in India’s Changing Geopolitics

• First Online: 18 January 2018

Cite this chapter

• Marco Aliberti 14  

Part of the book series: Studies in Space Policy ((STUDSPACE,volume 14))

434 Accesses

Although primarily driven by the need to serve developmental aims, India’s space programme is not limited to the sole pursuit of utilitarian, socio-economic benefits. Space has also been a tool in India’s geopolitical calculus, a dimension that has progressively strengthened since the past decade. Thanks to exploration missions such as Chandrayaan-1 and Mangalyaan, space has increasingly become an asset for boosting national prestige, a prestige directed as much towards its citizens as the international community. Similarly, space has also become a tool of Indian foreign policy and diplomacy, as well as an element in its military modernisation. It is essential to see the context of a growing geopolitical significance of space in light of India’s own growing role on the world stage. Accordingly, the next section will shed light on the most recent developments in India’s foreign policy agenda. The chapter will subsequently elaborate on India’s emerging uses of space for both diplomatic objectives and security needs. Further, considering that space is not only a tool for achieving broader policy objectives but also an arena of strategic interaction, India’s approach vis-a-vis diplomacy and the security of space will also be analysed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

• Available as PDF
• Read on any device
• Instant download
• Own it forever
• Available as EPUB and PDF
• Compact, lightweight edition
• Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
• Free shipping worldwide - see info
• Durable hardcover edition

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Interestingly, also during the “non-alignment period”, India showed a high dose of ambiguity, with regard for instance to non-proliferation issues.

This is so not only because India’s international position is progressively making structural determinants less potent but also because the democratic nature of India’s political processes, its size and the extreme heterogeneity in terms of ethnicity, languages, religions and caste diversity and fractured and democratic nature of its polity create several disagreements or even active sociocultural and political cleavages that have competing or conflicting claims (Stepan et al. 2010 ; Ollapally and Rajagopalan 2013 ).

This section is mainly based on the perspectives offered by Indian international relations’ scholars Ollapally and Rajagopalan ( 2013 ).

Because of its extreme heterogeneity in terms of ethnicity, languages, religions and caste, Indian polity indeed presents a significantly robust multinational dimension that does not fit well into the classic French-style nation-state model based on a “we-feeling” resulting from an existing or forged homogeneity. According to Stepan, Linz and Yadav, India should be more properly analysed under the lenses of the state-nations’ model. The term indicates “a political-institutional approach that respects and protects multiple but complementary socio-cultural identities. State-nations policies recognise the legitimate public and even political expression of active socio-cultural cleavages, and they include mechanisms to accommodate competing or conflicting claims without imposing or privileging in a discriminatory way any one claim. State-nation policies involve creating a sense of belonging (or “we feeling”) with respect to the state-wide political community, while simultaneously creating institutional safeguards for respecting and protecting politically salient sociocultural diversities” (Stepan et al. 2010 , p. 54).

It is also important to note that Western understandings of left- and right-wing politics are not easily applicable to India’s political life. As explained by Nick Booker, India parties’ ideologies fall at different places on the liberal–conservative spectrum, socially and economically. For instance, India’s longest ruling party, the Congress, is considered both socially and economically centrist, while the Communist Party of India, of Marxist origins, is liberal from a social perspective and conservative from an economic perspective. The current ruling party at the national level, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), is the exact opposite: it is conservative from a social perspective but liberal from an economic perspective (IndoGenius, India’s Election Calendar 2016 ).

This diplomatic and strategic initiative was first launched during Shinzo Abe’s first tenure as prime minister of Japan (September 2006–September 2007) and named the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Japan, the United States, India and Australia) as a solution to the maritime disputes involving China. The new strategy was launched by Prime Minister Abe in 2014 based on “three pillars: (1) reinvigorating the U.S.-Japan alliance; (2) a reintroduction of the UK and France to Asia’s international security realm; and (3) bolstering international cooperation between key democracies in the Indo-Pacific, such as India and Australia” (Miller 2013 ).

Larry Summers. Quoted from (Bajaj 2010 ).

UN General Assembly Resolution 45/72 of 11 December 1990.

The main task of the Centre is to develop the skills and knowledge of university educators, environmental research scientists and project personnel in the design, development and application of space science and technology for subsequent application in national and regional development and environment management.

Rao, Krishna. Quoted from (Rajagopalan 2017a ).

Gandhi, Indira. Quoted from (Jayaraj 2004 ).

Over the years, these diplomatic efforts would be successful. In 1982, the UN recognised the potential of space technologies for these purposes, noting example states such as India are “leapfrogging over obsolete technologies and getting away from percolation and trickle down models of development for which developing countries do not have the time”. Remarkably, Yash Pal was the secretary general for the second UN Space Conference held in August 1982 called UNISPACE-82, and U.R. Rao was the chairman the UNISPACE-III held in July 1999.

Rao, Narasimha. Quoted from (Lele 2017c ).

Once again, this is not because the country’s space leaders did not recognise the military value of space activities, but they made a deliberate effort to harness space technology for socio-economic utility, hence avoiding possible confrontational stances in the space arena and benefiting instead from cooperation with both the United States and the Soviet Union.

In explaining the drivers behind its establishment, the minister affirmed: “Although we want to utilize space for peaceful purposes and remain committed to our policy of non-weaponisation of space, offensive counter space systems like anti-satellite weaponry, new classes of heavy-lift and small boosters and an improved array of Military Space Systems have emerged in our neighbourhood” (Rajagopalan 2013 ).

As also contended by Ajey Lele, it would be erroneous to equal the absence of a space policy to the absence of vision. Various specific policy documents, articulations of space agenda by top ISRO leadership on various occasions, documents such as Vision 2020, etc. elucidate India’s expectation for the future (Othman 2017 ).

As highlighted by Mazlan Othman, “these principles can be used to reaffirm or demonstrate a state’s adherence to international agreements and treaties, and to outline national principles that have a historical, cultural, or ideological basis. The principles in a national space policy can also form the foundation for lower-level government policies in specific sectors. As for International cooperation, it is “rarely pursued haphazardly, but is instead often part of larger policy and strategic considerations. International cooperation is often considered both a mechanism and a goal, so it may feature in policy documents. As a mechanism, space cooperation enables actors to leverage the expertise, investments, and resources of others in the development of programs, whether through the direct acquisition of hardware or the joint development of technical capacity”.

Knowing India’s interests, needs and priorities for the future can help foreign partners enlarge the scope of potential cooperation with respect to both data and information exchange and joint activities in areas of mutual interest.

Aliberti, M. (2015). When China goes to the moon . Vienna: Springer.

Book   Google Scholar  

Annadurai, M. (2017). South Asian satellite – A new approach to regional co-operation . 60th Session of the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful uses of outer space. Vienna: UNOOSA.

Google Scholar  

Bagchi, I. (2011, March 6). India working on tech to defend satellites. Times of India .

Bajaj, V. (2010, October 15). In Mumbai, adviser to Obama extols India’s economic model. Retrieved May 10, 2017, from The New York Times : http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/16/business/global/16summers.html

Bommakanti, K. (2017). The significance of an Indian direct ascent kinetic capability. ORF Space Alert, 2 (2).

Bonnefoy, A. (2014). Humanitarian telemedicine . Vienna: European space policy institute (ESPI).

Brown, P. J. (2010a, January 22). India’s targets China’s satellites. Retrieved November 18, 2016, from Asia Times . http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/LA22Df01.html

Brown, P. J. (2010b, May 1). India’s space program takes a hit. Retrieved November 10, 2016, from Asia Times . http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/LE01Df01.html

Chandrashekar, S. (2016). Space, war, and deterrence: A strategy for India. Astropolitics: The International Journal of Space Politics and Policy, 14 (2–3), 153–157.

Chatterjee Miller, M. (2013, May/June). India’s feeble foreign policy. Foreign Affairs, 92 (3), 14–19.

Cohen, S. (2001). India: Emerging power . Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.

Dutta, V. (2012, December 12). Apollo enters Myanmar with telemedicine service. The Economic Times .

Ganguly, S. (2016, September 19). India after nonalignment. Foreign Affairs .

Ghosh, A. (2009). India’s foreign policy . New Delhi: Dorling Kindersley.

Global Times. (2014, February 18). India uncertain as Abe looks for anti-China alliance. Global Times .

Gopalaswamy, B. (2013). India’s perspective. In A. M. Tellis (Ed.), Crux of Asia. China, India and the emerging global order . Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

Headquarters Integrated Defence Staff – Ministry of Defence. (2013). The technology perspective and capability roadmap. Retrieved September 10, 2016, from Ministry of Defence. http://mod.gov.in/writereaddata/TPCR13.pdf

IndoGenius. (2016a, August). India’s election calendar. The importance of India . IndoGenius.

IndoGenius. (2016b, August). India engages. The importance of India . IndoGenius.

Jayaraj, C. (2004). India’s Space policy and institutions. United Nations/Republic of Korea workshop on Space Law. United Nations treaties on outer space: Actions at the national level . New York: United Nations.

Kaplan, R. (2013). The revenge of geography. What the map tell us about future conflicts and the battle against faith . New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks.

Karan, P. P. (1953, December). India’s role in geopolitics. India Quarterly , p 160.

Kissinger, H. (2014). World order . New York: Penguin Books.

Kumaraswamy, P. (2012). Looking west 2: Beyond the Gulf. In D. Scott (Ed.), Handbook of India’s International relations (pp. 179–188). London: Routledge.

Lee, J. (2010, June 4). India’s rise helps complement U.S. interests. Retrieved January 7, 2017, from Hudson Institute. https://hudson.org/research/7051-india-rsquo-s-rise-helps-complement-u-s-interests

Lele, A. (2013). Asian space race: Rhetoric of reality? New Delhi: Springer.

Lele, A. (2016). Power dynamics of India’s space programme. Astropolitics: The International Journal of Space Politics and Policy, 14 (2), 120–134.

Article   Google Scholar  

Lele, A. (2017a). Fifty years of the outer space treaty. Tracing the journey . New Delhi: Pentagon Press.

Lele, A. (2017b). India’s policy for outer space. Space Policy, 39–40 , 26–32.

Lele, A. (2017c). India’s strategic space Programme: From apprehensive beginner to ardent operator. In R. P. Rajagopalan (Ed.), Space India 2.0. Commerce, policy, security and governance perspectives (pp. 179–192). New Delhi: Observer Research Foundation.

Listner, M. (2011, March 28). India’s ABM test: A validated ASAT capability or a paper tiger. Retrieved March 30, 2017, from The Space Review. http://www.thespacereview.com/article/1807/1

Meredith, R. (2008). The elephant and the dragon: The rise of India and China and what it means for all of us . New York: Norton.

Mohan, C. R. (2013). Changing global order: India’s perspective. In A. J. Tellis & S. Mirski (Eds.), Crux of Asia: China, India and the emerging global order . Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

Mohan, R. (2017, February 10). Delhi, Tokyo, Canberra. Retrieved February 11, 2017, from The Indian Express . http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/tpp-donald-trumpmalcolm-turnbullphone-call-leak-islamic-state-canberra-delhi-tokyo-4516471/

Moltz, J. C. (2012). Asia’s space race. National Motivations, regional rivalries, and international risks . New York: Columbia University Press.

Murthi, S., & Rao, M. (2015). Future Indian (new) Space – Contours of a National Space Policy that positions a new public-private regime. In 3rd Manfred Lachs international conference on newspace commercialisation and the law . Montreal: NIAS.

Naidu, S. (2009). India engagement in Africa: Self-interest or mutual partnership? In R. Southhall & H. Melber (Eds.), The new scramble for Africa: Imperialism, development in Africa . Scottsville: University of Kwua Zulu Natal Press.

Nye, J. (2004). Soft power: The means to success in world politics . New York: Public Affairs.

Ollapally, D. M., & Rajagopalan, R. (2013). India: Foreign policy perspectives of an ambiguous power. In H. Nau & D. Ollapally (Eds.), Worldviews of aspiring powers: Domestic foreign policy debates in China, India, Iran, Japan and Russia . New Delhi: Oxford University Press.

Othman, M. (2017). National space policy and administration. In C. Johnson (Ed.), Handbook for new actors in space . Denver: Secure World Foundation.

Pan-African E-Network. (2016). About the project. Retrieved January 17, 2017, from Pan-African E-network Project. http://www.panafricanenetwork.com

Pandit, R. (2008, June 17). Space command must to check China. Retrieved March 28, 2017, from Times of India . http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Space-command-must-to-check-China/articleshow/3135817.cms

Paracha, S. (2013). Military dimensions of the Indian space program. Astropolitics: The International Journal of Space Politics and Policy, 11 (3), 156–186.

Pardesi, M. S. (2005). Deducing India’s grand strategy of regional hegemony from historical and conceptual perspectives. Singapore: Institute of Defense and Strategic Studies. Retrieved from http://www.rsis.edu.sg/publications/WorkingPapers/WP76.pdf

Paul, T. (2014, April). India’s soft power in a globalizing world. Current History , 157–162.

Pillai, C. M. (2016, April 25). India as the pivotal power of the 21st century security order. Retrieved January 12, 2017, from Center for International Maritime Security.

Prasad, M. (2015). ISRO and International Cooperation. In M. Rao (Ed.), From fishing Hamlet to Red Planet: India’s space journey . New Delhi: Harper Collins.

Prasad, N. (2016). Diversification of the Indian space programme in the past decade: Perspectives on implications and challenges. Space Policy, 36 , 38–45.

Prasad, N., & Rajagopalan, R. P. (2017). Creation of a defence space agency. A new chapter in exploring India’s space Security. In S. Singh & P. Das (Eds.), Defence Primer 2017. Today’s capabilities, tomorrow’s conflicts . New Delhi: Observer Research Foundation.

Rajagopalan, R. P. (2011, October). Debate on space code of conduct: An Indian perspective. ORF Occasional Paper , 26.

Rajagopalan, R. P. (2013, October 13). Synergies in space: The case for an Indian Aerospace Command . ORF Issue Brief, 59.

Rajagopalan, R. P. (2017a). Need for an Indian military space policy. In R. P. Rajagopalan (Ed.), Space India 2.0 commerce, policy, security and governance perspectives (pp. 199–212). New Delhi: Observer Research Foundation.

Rajagopalan, R. P. (2017b, January). The need for India's space policy is real. ORF Space Alert, 5 (1), 7–8.

Rajagopalan, R., & Sahni, V. (2008). India and the great powers: Strategic imperatives, normative necessities. South Asian Survey, 15 (1), 5–32.

Reddy, V. S. (2017). Exploring space as an instrument in India’s foreign policy and diplomacy. In R. P. Rajagopalan & P. Narayan (Eds.), Space India 2.0 commerce, policy, security and governance perspectives (pp. 165–176). New Delhi: Observer Research Foundation.

Reuters. (2016, January 25). India to build satellite tracking station in Vietnam that offers eye on China. Retrieved from Reuters . http://in.reuters.com/article/india-vietnam-satellite-china-idINKCN0V309W

Sachdeva, G. S. (2016). Space doctrine of India. Astropolitics: The International Journal of Space Politics and Policy, 14 (2–3), 104–119.

Samson, V. (2010, May 10). India’ missile defense/ASAT nexus. Retrieved from The Space Review . http://www.thespacereview.com/article/1621/1

Samson, V., & Bharath, G. (2011). Introduction. India Review, 10 (4), 351–353.

Scott, D. (2012). Handbook of India’s international relations . New York: Routledge.

Sheehan, M. (2007). The international politics of space . New York: Routledge.

Singh, H. (2009). India’s strategic culture: The impact of geography . New Delhi: KW Publishers.

Space Daily. (2007, January 28). India to set up Aerospace Defence Command. Retrieved April 3, 2016, from Space Daily . http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/India_To_Set_Up_Aerospace_Defence_Command_999.html

Stepan, A., Linz, J., & Jadav, Y. (2010). The rise of the state-nation. Journal of Democracy, 21 (3).

Tanham, G. (1992). Indian strategic thought. An interpretative essay . Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.

Tellis, A. J. (2015). Unity in difference. Overcoming the U.S.- India divide . Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

Thomas, R. G. (1986). India’s nuclear and space programs: Defense or development? World Politics, 38 (2).

Unnithan, S. (2012, April 27). India has all the building block for an anti-satellite capability. Retrieved March 18, 2017, from India Today . http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/agni-v-drdo-chief-dr-vijay-kumar-saraswat-interview/1/186248.html

Vasani, H. (2016, June 14). India’s anti-satellite weapons. Retrieved June 15, 2016, from The Diplomat . http://thediplomat.com/2016/06/indias-anti-satellite-weapons/

Download references

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

European Space Policy Institute, Vienna, Austria

Marco Aliberti

You can also search for this author in PubMed   Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Aliberti, M. (2018). Understanding India’s Uses of Space: Space in India’s Changing Geopolitics. In: India in Space: Between Utility and Geopolitics. Studies in Space Policy, vol 14. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71652-7_5

Download citation

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71652-7_5

Published : 18 January 2018

Publisher Name : Springer, Cham

Print ISBN : 978-3-319-71651-0

Online ISBN : 978-3-319-71652-7

eBook Packages : Social Sciences Social Sciences (R0)

Share this chapter

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

• Publish with us

Policies and ethics

• Find a journal
• Track your research

• Share full article

Advertisement

What’s Next for India in Space Exploration

In addition to the scientific results of Chandrayaan-3, India is preparing a joint lunar exploration with Japan.

By Hari Kumar and Mujib Mashal

• Aug. 23, 2023

India has a busy decade of space exploration ahead.

S. Somanath, the director of Indian Space Research Organization, has described the current moment as an inflection point, as the country opens its space programs to private investors after half a century of state monopoly that made advances but at “a shoestring budget mode of working.”

A large share of India’s space efforts in the coming years will focus on the moon.

In addition to the scientific results of Chandrayaan-3, India is preparing a joint lunar exploration with Japan, in which India will provide the lander and Japan the launch vehicle and the rover. The robotic mission, known as LUPEX, is also intended for exploring the South Pole of the moon.

Although an Indian astronaut flew to orbit in 1984, the country has never sent humans to space on its own. It is therefore preparing its first astronaut mission to space, called Gaganyaan. But the project, which aims to send three Indian astronauts to space on the country’s own spacecraft, has faced delays, and ISRO has not announced a date for it.

ISRO will first have to conduct a test flight of the Gaganyaan spacecraft with no astronauts aboard. Officials have said they are at the stage of perfecting the crew escape system, and they said this month that they had tested the drogue parachutes, which help stabilize the capsule that the astronauts will ride as they return to Earth.

Additionally, India is preparing for the Aditya-L1 mission, which plans to study the sun, in early September. ISRO officials have said that it will carry seven payloads to study the photosphere chromosphere and the outermost layers of the sun using electromagnetic and particle detectors.

Another mission is the collaborative NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar, or NISAR, which will monitor changes in our planet’s land and ice surfaces from orbit. It is slated to launch from India next year.

The country will also launch a second Mars orbiter mission. The first Mars mission, Mangalyaan, successfully entered the planet’s orbit in 2014 and remained in communication with ISRO until the mission concluded in 2022 when the spacecraft lost power . It made India the first country to achieve Martian orbit on its first attempt, and demonstrated that the country could show scientific prowess even when resources are constrained: The mission’s budget of about $75 million was less than the $100 million budget of the Hollywood space film “Gravity.”

Hari Kumar is a reporter in the New Delhi bureau. He joined The Times in 1997. More about Hari Kumar

Mujib Mashal is The Times’s bureau chief for South Asia. Born in Kabul, he wrote for magazines including The Atlantic, Harper’s and Time before joining The Times. More about Mujib Mashal

What’s Up in Space and Astronomy

Keep track of things going on in our solar system and all around the universe..

Never miss an eclipse, a meteor shower, a rocket launch or any other 2024 event  that’s out of this world with  our space and astronomy calendar .

A dramatic blast from the sun  set off the highest-level geomagnetic storm in Earth’s atmosphere, making the northern lights visible around the world .

With the help of Google Cloud, scientists who hunt killer asteroids churned through hundreds of thousands of images of the night sky to reveal 27,500 overlooked space rocks in the solar system .

A celestial image, an Impressionistic swirl of color in the center of the Milky Way, represents a first step toward understanding the role of magnetic fields  in the cycle of stellar death and rebirth.

Scientists may have discovered a major flaw in their understanding of dark energy, a mysterious cosmic force . That could be good news for the fate of the universe.

Is Pluto a planet? And what is a planet, anyway? Test your knowledge here .

निबंध लेखन के दस विषय: Ten Topics of Essay Writing: For university and college students (विश्वविद्यालय और महाविद्यालय के छात्र/छात्राओं के लिए)

सामाजिक-आर्थिक विकास को सशक्त बनाने के लिए अंतरिक्ष क्षेत्र की पुनः कल्पना करना। Re-imagining Space Sector for empowering socioeconomic-development.

भारतीय अंतरिक्ष शिक्षा प्रणाली Indian Space Education System

Towards a New Space ERA (Economy, Responsibility, Alliance).

A Growing Relationship Between Space and Climate Change.

Indian Space Education Ecosystem

Space and Entrepreneurship

Benefits Of Space Exploration

Protecting our planet and our environment

Space Space Technologies for Moon & Mars

Telescopes: Unraveling the Universe's mysteries

निबंध लेखन के दस विषय: Ten Topics of Essay Writing: For class 6th to 12th (6th से 12th कक्षा के लिए)

• प्रस्तावना ।
• जीवन परिचय एवं उपलब्धियां ।

डॉ ए पी जे अब्दुल कलाम पर निबंध (Essay on Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam)

प्रो सतीश धवन पर निबंध (Essay on Pro. Satish Dhawan)

अंतरिक्ष में भारत की उपलब्धियाँ पर निबंध ( Essay on India’s Acheivement in Space)

अन्तरिक्ष में मानव पर निबंध (Humans in Space)

भारत में अन्तरिक्ष प्रौद्योगिकी पर निबंध (Essay on Space Technology in India)

मंगल मिशन (मॉम) पर निबंध (Essay on Mission Mars)

• चंद्रयान 1 के प्रक्षेपण पर विस्तृत जानकारी (Detailed information on Chandrayaan 1 launch)
• चंद्रयान 1 द्वारा सदी की सबसे महान उपलब्धि (Greatest achievement of the century by Chandrayaan 1)
• चंद्रयान 2 के प्रक्षेपण पर विस्तृत जानकारी (Detailed information on Chandrayaan 2 launch)
• ऑर्बिटर, लैंडर और रोवर की मुख्य जानकारी (Key details of Orbiter, Lander and Rover)
• चंद्रयान 2 की विशेषताएँ (Features of Chandrayaan 2)
• चंद्रयान 2 की वर्तमान स्थिति (Current Status of Chandrayaan 2)
• चंद्रयान 3 के प्रक्षेपण पर विस्तृत जानकारी (Detailed information on Chandrayaan 3 launch)
• चंद्रयान 3 की विशेषताएँ (Features of Chandrayaan 3)
• चंद्रयान 3 की वर्तमान स्थिति (Current Status of Chandrayaan 3)

निबंध लेखन प्रतियोगिता के लिए दिशानिर्देश और प्रतियोगिता का तरीका Guidelines for Essay Competition and Mode of Competition For university and college students (विश्वविद्यालय और महाविद्यालय के छात्र/छात्राओं के लिए) For class 6th to 12th ( 6th से 12th कक्षा के लिए )

Essay Competition -Organizing essay-writing competition on the above dates in all the schools, colleges, universities, colleges of the state on any one of the ten subjects/topics (photocopy attached) prescribed by India Space Week. Essay writing up to about 250 words will be given to the girl students for which about 65 minutes will be given. The program of essay writing will be completed by the evening of August 17, 2023. By the evening of 22.08.2023, these essays will be evaluated at the institute level and the institute will send the essays of the first, second and third place students to the headquarters of India Space Week. The committee of teachers and experts constituted at the headquarter on 15.09.2023 will scrutinize these essays. After that, out of all the essays received, the students who will get first, second and third prizes will be selected. 10000/- for the first prize, 5000/- for the second prize and 2500/- for the third prize will be payable. On 20.10.2023, the said amount will be sent in cash to the students selected by the headquarters. This amount will be spent from the amount received from the India Space Week Fund.

आयोजन में भाग लेने के लिए एक वैध जीमेल आईडी अनिवार्य है A valid Gmail ID is mandatory for participating in the event.

एक ही ईवेंट के लिए एकाधिक पंजीकरण करने के लिए एक ही जीमेल आईडी का उपयोग नहीं किया जाना चाहिए। Same Gmail ID should not be used for making multiple registrations for the same event.

विश्वविद्यालय और महाविद्यालय के अध्ययनरत छात्र/छात्राओं ही भाग ले सकते हैं। Only students studying in university and college can participate.

इसमें कक्षा 6 से 12 तक अध्ययनरत विद्यार्थी ही भाग ले सकते हैं। Students studying in Classes 6th to 12 th only can participate.

प्रतिभागियों द्वारा निबंध लेखन की कॉपी (अधिकतम 10 एम.बी ) पीडीऍफ़ या जेपीजी के रूप में 22 अगस्त 2023 शाम छह बजे तक अपलोड हो जानी चाहिए। The Copy (maximum 10 MB) of the Essay Writing prepared by the participants should be uploaded in the form of PDF or JPG by 22 August 2023 by 6 PM.

कौन भाग ले सकता है Who can participate

इसमें कक्षा 6 से 12 तक अध्ययनरत विद्यार्थी ही भाग ले सकते हैं। Students studying in Classes 6th to 12th only can participate.

उपयोग किया जाने वाला माध्यम Medium to be used

निबंध लेखन के लिए A4 आकार (या इससे बड़े) सफेद कागज का उपयोग किया जाएगा। A4 size (or larger) white paper for essay writing will be used.

राज्य State

पेंटिंग प्रतियोगिता सभी राज्यों में आयोजित की जाएगी। The painting competition will be conducted in all States.

पुरस्कार Prizes

• विजेताओं को पुरस्कार और प्रमाण पत्र से सम्मानित किया जाएगा। Winners will be awarded with prizes and certificates.
• प्रतियोगिता में पंजीकृत सभी प्रतिभागियों को प्रतिभागिता प्रमाण पत्र दिये जायेंगे। Participation Certificates will be given to all the registered participants of the competition.

अपलोड/सबमिट करें Upload/Submit

निबंध लेखन प्रतियोगिता के लिए अपलोड करने की अंतिम तिथि 22 अगस्त, 2023 है। प्रतिभागियों को अपलोड के दौरान निबंध लेखन (.जेपीजी, पीडीएफ, प्रारूप, 10 एमबी से कम आकार) अपलोड करना चाहिए।

Last date of upload for the Essay Writing Competition is 22th August, 2023. Participants should upload the Essay Writing (.jpg, .pdf format, size less than 10MB) during upload.

Upload/Submit is closed

General Studies

All Programmes

Study Material

Indian Space Programs

Quest for upsc cse panels.

Sub-Categories:

GS-III: Science & Technology

Prelims : General Science

Mains : Achievements of Indians in Science & Technology; Indigenization of Technology and Developing New Technology.

India has one of the world's most active space programmes, with a diverse set of missions and accomplishments in the space sector. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is India's primary space agency. It has made significant contributions in areas such as satellite launch technology, remote sensing, and space exploration, from launching its very first satellite in 1975 to embarking on interplanetary missions such as Mangalyaan to Mars and Chandrayaan to the Moon.

Experimental Satellites

ISRO has launched a number of small satellites, primarily for research purposes. These experiment satellites include Remote Sensing, Atmospheric Studies, Payload Development, Orbit control, Recovery technology, etc.

Communication Satellites

Communication satellites are man-made satellites that provide communication links between various locations on Earth . Communication satellites are critical components of the global communications system. Most communications satellites consist of Solar cells and batteries, antennas, transponders and orientation and propulsion systems.

• ISRO has launched various communication satellites with INSAT and GSAT satellites being the important ones.
• With 9 operational communication satellites in Geo-stationary orbit, the INSAT system is one of the largest domestic communication satellite systems in the Asia-Pacific region.
• Applications: With over 200 transponders in the C, Extended C, and Ku bands , the INSAT system supports telecommunications, television broadcasting, satellite newsgathering, societal applications, weather forecasting, disaster warning, and search and rescue operations.
• Later in the 2000s, ISRO started developing GSAT satellites to augment the capacity of the INSAT system and to provide new telecommunications services, such as broadband internet and mobile telephony.
• While INSAT satellites are multipurpose satellites, GSAT satellites, on the other hand, are primarily dedicated to telecommunications services. 
• Both INSAT and GSAT satellites are placed in the Geosynchronous Orbit.

Earth Observation Satellites

Earth observation satellites are satellites that observe various Earth phenomena from space.

• ISRO has launched numerous operational remote sensing satellites since IRS-1A in 1988. India now operates one of the largest constellations of remote-sensing satellites .
• Applications : Agriculture, water resources, urban planning, rural development, mineral prospecting, the environment, forestry, ocean resources, and disaster management.

Navigation Satellites

Satellite navigation service is a new satellite-based system with commercial and strategic applications. ISRO has developed and launched a series of navigation satellites to establish and enhance India's regional navigation capabilities. Navigation satellites are important for civil aviation requirements, navigation and time-based positioning.

GPS-Aided GEO Augmented Navigation (GAGAN)

• It is a satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) jointly developed by ISRO and the Airport Authority of India (AAI).
• The system will be compatible with other international SBAS systems and will allow for seamless navigation across regional borders.
• GSAT-8 and GSAT-10 provide access to the GAGAN Signal-In-Space (SIS).

Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS): NavIC

• NavIC was erstwhile known as the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System ( IRNSS )
• It is intended to provide accurate position, navigation and timing services to users in India and regions extending up to 1500 kilometres from its boundary .
• It provides Standard Positioning Service (SPS) for all users and Restricted Service (RS) for authorised users.

Small Satellites

The small satellite project aims to provide a platform for stand-alone payloads for earth imaging and science missions in a short period of time.

• Payload capability: IMS-1 bus -nearly 30 kg, while IMS-2 bus - nearly 100 kg.

Space Explorations of ISRO

ISRO has made significant strides in space science and exploration missions, conducting missions that have expanded our understanding of astronomy, astrophysics, celestial bodies and space.

Future Space Programmes of ISRO

According to ISRO, the following are the upcoming programmes:

PYQs on Indian Space Programs

Question 1: India has achieved remarkable successes in unmanned space missions including the Chandrayaan and Mars Orbiter Mission, but has not ventured into manned space missions, both in terms of technology and logistics. Explain critically (UPSC Mains 2017)

Question 2: What do you understand about ‘standard positioning systems’ and ‘protection positioning systems’ in the GPS era? Discuss the advantages India perceives from its ambitious IRNSS programme employing just seven satellites. (UPSC Mains 2015)

Question 3: With reference to the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), consider the following statements: (UPSC Prelims 2018)

• IRNSS has three satellites in geostationary and four satellites in geosynchronous orbits.
• IRNSS covers the entire India and about 5500 sq. km beyond its borders.
• India will have its own satellite navigation system with full global coverage by the middle of 2019.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• 1 and 2 only
• 2 and 3 only

Answer: (a)

FAQs on Indian Space Programs

Who is responsible for india’s space programs.

ISRO (Indian Space and Research Organisation) is the primary agency for conducting India’s space programs.

When was India's first satellite launched?

Aryabhata, India's first satellite, was launched in 1975 using the C-1 Intercosmos launch vehicle. It is India's first satellite, completely designed and manufactured in the country.

What are the communication satellites launched by ISRO?

ISRO has launched several communication satellites, including GSAT and INSAT series satellites. The INSAT system is a domestic communication satellite system supporting various applications such as telecommunications, television broadcasting, and weather forecasting.

What is the navigation satellite system of ISRO?

The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) is an autonomous regional satellite navigation system that provides accurate real-time positioning and timing services. The operational name of the IRNSS is NavIC, which stands for Navigation with Indian Constellation.

What are some upcoming space programmes of ISRO?

ISRO has planned missions like Gaganyaan (human spaceflight), X-ray Polarimeter Satellite (XPoSat), NASA-ISRO SAR (NISAR) Satellite, and indigenous space stations like the International Space Station.

© 2024 Vajiram & Ravi. All rights reserved

Essay on Indian Education System

Education is like a key that opens doors to a world of knowledge, opportunities, and growth. In India, a vast and diverse country, the education system plays a crucial role in shaping the future of millions of students. In this essay, I will argue that the Indian education system has its strengths and challenges, and it is continually evolving to provide quality education to its youth.

The Foundation of the Indian Education System

The roots of the Indian education system can be traced back to ancient times, where gurus (teachers) imparted knowledge to their students. This rich history forms the foundation of modern Indian education. Today, the system is a blend of traditional values and contemporary approaches.

The Structure of Indian Education

The Indian education system is divided into several stages, including primary, secondary, and higher education. It is governed by various boards and councils, such as the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) and the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE). These boards set standards and conduct examinations.

Strengths of the Indian Education System

One of the strengths of the Indian education system is its emphasis on STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) subjects. India has produced many successful scientists, engineers, and IT professionals who have made significant contributions worldwide.

Furthermore, the Indian education system places importance on rote learning, which helps students develop strong memory and discipline. It also fosters a competitive spirit, motivating students to excel academically.

Challenges Faced by the Indian Education System

Despite its strengths, the Indian education system faces several challenges. One significant challenge is the disparity in access to quality education between urban and rural areas. Many rural schools lack proper infrastructure and trained teachers, hindering the education of countless students.

Another challenge is the pressure of examinations and competition. High-stakes exams can create stress and anxiety among students, which may not always be conducive to their overall development.

The Importance of Vocational Education

Recognizing the need for practical skills, the Indian education system has been gradually incorporating vocational education. Vocational courses provide students with skills that are directly applicable to various industries, making them job-ready upon graduation. This is a positive step towards reducing unemployment and enhancing employability.

The Role of Technology in Indian Education

In recent years, technology has played a significant role in transforming Indian education. E-learning platforms and digital classrooms have made education more accessible and interactive. These innovations bridge the gap between urban and rural students, providing them with valuable resources.

Expert Opinions on Indian Education

Experts in education, such as Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, the former President of India, have stressed the importance of holistic education. They advocate for a system that not only focuses on academics but also nurtures creativity, critical thinking, and ethical values.

The Journey Towards Educational Reforms

The Indian government has been working on several educational reforms to address the challenges faced by the system. Initiatives like the National Education Policy 2020 aim to provide quality education, promote research and innovation, and reduce the burden of exams.

Conclusion of Essay on Indian Education System

In conclusion, the Indian education system is a complex and evolving landscape. It has its strengths, including its emphasis on STEM subjects and rote learning, and its challenges, such as the rural-urban education divide and exam pressure. However, with ongoing reforms and a focus on holistic education, India is working towards nurturing well-rounded individuals who can contribute to the nation’s growth and prosperity. The Indian education system continues to shape the minds and futures of millions, guided by the vision of a brighter tomorrow.

Also Check: Simple Guide on How To Write An Essay

• CBSE Class 10th
• CBSE Class 12th
• UP Board 10th
• UP Board 12th
• Bihar Board 10th
• Bihar Board 12th
• Top Schools in India
• Top Schools in Delhi
• Top Schools in Mumbai
• Top Schools in Chennai
• Top Schools in Hyderabad
• Top Schools in Kolkata
• Top Schools in Pune
• Top Schools in Bangalore

Products & Resources

• JEE Main Knockout April
• Free Sample Papers
• Free Ebooks
• NCERT Notes
• NCERT Syllabus
• NCERT Books
• RD Sharma Solutions
• Navodaya Vidyalaya Admission 2024-25
• NCERT Solutions
• NCERT Solutions for Class 12
• NCERT Solutions for Class 11
• NCERT solutions for Class 10
• NCERT solutions for Class 9
• NCERT solutions for Class 8
• NCERT Solutions for Class 7
• JEE Main 2024
• MHT CET 2024
• JEE Advanced 2024
• BITSAT 2024
• View All Engineering Exams
• Colleges Accepting B.Tech Applications
• Top Engineering Colleges in India
• Engineering Colleges in India
• Engineering Colleges in Tamil Nadu
• Engineering Colleges Accepting JEE Main
• Top IITs in India
• Top NITs in India
• Top IIITs in India
• JEE Main College Predictor
• JEE Main Rank Predictor
• MHT CET College Predictor
• AP EAMCET College Predictor
• GATE College Predictor
• KCET College Predictor
• JEE Advanced College Predictor
• View All College Predictors
• JEE Main Question Paper
• JEE Main Cutoff
• JEE Main Advanced Admit Card
• AP EAPCET Hall Ticket
• Download E-Books and Sample Papers
• Compare Colleges
• B.Tech College Applications
• KCET Result
• MAH MBA CET Exam
• View All Management Exams

Colleges & Courses

• MBA College Admissions
• MBA Colleges in India
• Top IIMs Colleges in India
• Top Online MBA Colleges in India
• MBA Colleges Accepting XAT Score
• BBA Colleges in India
• XAT College Predictor 2024
• SNAP College Predictor
• NMAT College Predictor
• MAT College Predictor 2024
• CMAT College Predictor 2024
• CAT Percentile Predictor 2023
• CAT 2023 College Predictor
• CMAT 2024 Admit Card
• TS ICET 2024 Hall Ticket
• CMAT Result 2024
• MAH MBA CET Cutoff 2024
• Download Helpful Ebooks
• List of Popular Branches
• QnA - Get answers to your doubts
• IIM Fees Structure
• AIIMS Nursing
• Top Medical Colleges in India
• Top Medical Colleges in India accepting NEET Score
• Medical Colleges accepting NEET
• List of Medical Colleges in India
• List of AIIMS Colleges In India
• Medical Colleges in Maharashtra
• Medical Colleges in India Accepting NEET PG
• NEET College Predictor
• NEET PG College Predictor
• NEET MDS College Predictor
• NEET Rank Predictor
• DNB PDCET College Predictor
• NEET Admit Card 2024
• NEET PG Application Form 2024
• NEET Cut off
• NEET Online Preparation
• Download Helpful E-books
• Colleges Accepting Admissions
• Top Law Colleges in India
• Law College Accepting CLAT Score
• List of Law Colleges in India
• Top Law Colleges in Delhi
• Top NLUs Colleges in India
• Top Law Colleges in Chandigarh
• Top Law Collages in Lucknow

Predictors & E-Books

• CLAT College Predictor
• MHCET Law ( 5 Year L.L.B) College Predictor
• AILET College Predictor
• Sample Papers
• Compare Law Collages
• Careers360 Youtube Channel
• CLAT Syllabus 2025
• CLAT Previous Year Question Paper
• NID DAT Exam
• Pearl Academy Exam

Predictors & Articles

• NIFT College Predictor
• UCEED College Predictor
• NID DAT College Predictor
• NID DAT Syllabus 2025
• NID DAT 2025
• Design Colleges in India
• Top NIFT Colleges in India
• Fashion Design Colleges in India
• Top Interior Design Colleges in India
• Top Graphic Designing Colleges in India
• Fashion Design Colleges in Delhi
• Fashion Design Colleges in Mumbai
• Top Interior Design Colleges in Bangalore
• NIFT Result 2024
• NIFT Fees Structure
• NIFT Syllabus 2025
• Free Design E-books
• List of Branches
• Careers360 Youtube channel
• IPU CET BJMC
• JMI Mass Communication Entrance Exam
• IIMC Entrance Exam
• Media & Journalism colleges in Delhi
• Media & Journalism colleges in Bangalore
• Media & Journalism colleges in Mumbai
• List of Media & Journalism Colleges in India
• CA Intermediate
• CA Foundation
• CS Executive
• CS Professional
• Difference between CA and CS
• Difference between CA and CMA
• CA Full form
• CMA Full form
• CS Full form
• CA Salary In India

Top Courses & Careers

• Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com)
• Master of Commerce (M.Com)
• Company Secretary
• Cost Accountant
• Charted Accountant
• Credit Manager
• Financial Advisor
• Top Commerce Colleges in India
• Top Government Commerce Colleges in India
• Top Private Commerce Colleges in India
• Top M.Com Colleges in Mumbai
• Top B.Com Colleges in India
• IT Colleges in Tamil Nadu
• IT Colleges in Uttar Pradesh
• MCA Colleges in India
• BCA Colleges in India

Quick Links

• Information Technology Courses
• Programming Courses
• Web Development Courses
• Data Analytics Courses
• Big Data Analytics Courses
• RUHS Pharmacy Admission Test
• Top Pharmacy Colleges in India
• Pharmacy Colleges in Pune
• Pharmacy Colleges in Mumbai
• Colleges Accepting GPAT Score
• Pharmacy Colleges in Lucknow
• List of Pharmacy Colleges in Nagpur
• GPAT Result
• GPAT 2024 Admit Card
• GPAT Question Papers
• NCHMCT JEE 2024
• Mah BHMCT CET
• Top Hotel Management Colleges in Delhi
• Top Hotel Management Colleges in Hyderabad
• Top Hotel Management Colleges in Mumbai
• Top Hotel Management Colleges in Tamil Nadu
• Top Hotel Management Colleges in Maharashtra
• B.Sc Hotel Management
• Hotel Management
• Diploma in Hotel Management and Catering Technology

Diploma Colleges

• Top Diploma Colleges in Maharashtra
• UPSC IAS 2024
• SSC CGL 2024
• IBPS RRB 2024
• Previous Year Sample Papers
• Free Competition E-books
• Sarkari Result
• QnA- Get your doubts answered
• UPSC Previous Year Sample Papers
• CTET Previous Year Sample Papers
• SBI Clerk Previous Year Sample Papers
• NDA Previous Year Sample Papers

Upcoming Events

• NDA Application Form 2024
• UPSC IAS Application Form 2024
• CDS Application Form 2024
• CTET Admit card 2024
• HP TET Result 2023
• SSC GD Constable Admit Card 2024
• UPTET Notification 2024
• SBI Clerk Result 2024

Other Exams

• SSC CHSL 2024
• UP PCS 2024
• UGC NET 2024
• RRB NTPC 2024
• IBPS PO 2024
• IBPS Clerk 2024
• IBPS SO 2024
• Top University in USA
• Top University in Canada
• Top University in Ireland
• Top Universities in UK
• Top Universities in Australia
• Best MBA Colleges in Abroad
• Business Management Studies Colleges

Top Countries

• Study in USA
• Study in UK
• Study in Canada
• Study in Australia
• Study in Ireland
• Study in Germany
• Study in China
• Study in Europe

Student Visas

• Student Visa Canada
• Student Visa UK
• Student Visa USA
• Student Visa Australia
• Student Visa Germany
• Student Visa New Zealand
• Student Visa Ireland
• CUET PG 2024
• IGNOU B.Ed Admission 2024
• DU Admission 2024
• UP B.Ed JEE 2024
• LPU NEST 2024
• IIT JAM 2024
• IGNOU Online Admission 2024
• Universities in India
• Top Universities in India 2024
• Top Colleges in India
• Top Universities in Uttar Pradesh 2024
• Top Universities in Bihar
• Top Universities in Madhya Pradesh 2024
• Top Universities in Tamil Nadu 2024
• Central Universities in India
• CUET Exam City Intimation Slip 2024
• IGNOU Date Sheet
• CUET Mock Test 2024
• CUET Admit card 2024
• CUET PG Syllabus 2024
• CUET Participating Universities 2024
• CUET Previous Year Question Paper
• CUET Syllabus 2024 for Science Students
• E-Books and Sample Papers
• CUET Exam Pattern 2024
• CUET Exam Date 2024
• CUET Syllabus 2024
• IGNOU Exam Form 2024
• IGNOU Result
• CUET 2024 Admit Card

Engineering Preparation

• Knockout JEE Main 2024
• Test Series JEE Main 2024
• JEE Main 2024 Rank Booster

Medical Preparation

• Knockout NEET 2024
• Test Series NEET 2024
• Rank Booster NEET 2024

Online Courses

• JEE Main One Month Course
• NEET One Month Course
• IBSAT Free Mock Tests
• IIT JEE Foundation Course
• Knockout BITSAT 2024
• Career Guidance Tool

Top Streams

• IT & Software Certification Courses
• Engineering and Architecture Certification Courses
• Programming And Development Certification Courses
• Business and Management Certification Courses
• Marketing Certification Courses
• Health and Fitness Certification Courses
• Design Certification Courses

Specializations

• Digital Marketing Certification Courses
• Cyber Security Certification Courses
• Artificial Intelligence Certification Courses
• Business Analytics Certification Courses
• Data Science Certification Courses
• Cloud Computing Certification Courses
• Machine Learning Certification Courses
• View All Certification Courses
• UG Degree Courses
• PG Degree Courses
• Short Term Courses
• Free Courses
• Online Degrees and Diplomas
• Compare Courses

Top Providers

• Coursera Courses
• Udemy Courses
• Edx Courses
• Swayam Courses
• upGrad Courses
• Simplilearn Courses
• Great Learning Courses

Education System In India Essay

Indian education reformers want to narrow the disparity in student achievement between rural and urban areas. India's educators work hard to overcome their country's challenges in providing quality education to all its citizens. Here are some sample essays on the education system in India.

100 Words Essay On Education System In India

India's education system is ideal for providing its students with a solid academic foundation. It emphasises lifelong learning and encourages its students to pursue higher education. It also develops the students' language skills by allowing them to study in both English and Indian languages. Such courses encourage ideal attitudes toward their nation and its people- creating a positive atmosphere for learning and growth.

India surrounds its students with Indian history, culture, religion, and literature throughout their schooling years. It promotes patriotism through encouraging students to study Indian history and culture. This can help them develop a sense of cultural pride that can inspire them to support the development of their home country.

200 Words Essay On Education System In India

Education is the most important aspect of any society. It is the foundation on which a society is built and the tool that allows its citizens to make the most of their lives. It allows the country to educate its people and earn revenue from their talents. However, there are always 2 sides to a coin, along with benefits there are also some issues.

Issues In The Indian Education System

The Indian education system is in a state of flux. A number of issues have cropped up in recent years, and there seems to be no clear solution in sight.

One of the biggest problems is the disparity between urban and rural students. The quality of education that students in rural areas receive is quite poor, and they often don't have access to the same resources as their urban counterparts. This leads to a huge achievement gap between students from different backgrounds.

There are also concerns about the level of education that students are receiving. Many experts believe that the curriculum is outdated and does not prepare students for the modern world. In addition, there is a lot of emphasis on rote learning, which does not allow students to think creatively or critically.

500 Words Essay On Education System In India

The education system in India is plagued with a number of issues that have a direct impact on the students. Addressing these issues will require systemic changes that ensure all students can access adequate resources.

Challenges of Accessibility and Quality

Let's take a closer look at two of the biggest challenges facing India's education system: accessibility and quality.

Accessibility is a huge issue in India. Due to poverty and the lack of infrastructure, many rural areas and poor urban neighbourhoods don't have adequate schools or teachers. As a result, many children are denied the right to an education.

And even when children have access to education, it's often of poor quality. Many schools are overcrowded and underfunded, which means that students don't have access to good teachers or up-to-date textbooks and other learning materials.

Impact of Gender Inequality

One issue impacting the students is gender inequality. Boys and girls are not given an equal opportunity to receive an education. This needs to change if India wants to become a developed nation. Girls need to be given the same opportunities as boys so that they can contribute to the growth of the country. There are many solutions that have been proposed to address this issue, but more needs to be done to implement them successfully.

Struggles of India’s Rural Areas

For many parts of the country, especially rural areas, the issues in India’s education system run even deeper. Much of the Indian population is still living without access to educational resources and other basic needs. To make matters worse, a large number of these people belong to marginalised communities, like those living in poverty or facing discrimination based on factors like gender or caste.

In rural areas, most schools are underfunded and lack basic facilities. These schools face varying levels of neglect when it comes to providing adequate teacher support as well as basic needs such as toilets, clean drinking water, and well-maintained buildings. As a result, attendance rates at primary schools are often very low and many drop out before completing schooling altogether.

Solutions for Improved Education

The Indian government has taken various steps to ensure that a quality education is accessible for all. In 2020, the government launched a new initiative called ‘National Education Policy’ (NEP) which promises to set up a new educational system in India with increased access, improved quality, and greater equity. This initiative will focus on strengthening school education by providing more resources and more qualified teachers, and introducing vocational training programs as an alternative to traditional education.

NEP also sets out some objectives for higher education that aim to make learning more interesting and accessible. These include setting up new autonomous colleges for research purposes, and improving the availability of faculty in universities. NEP also aims to bridge the digital divide by making information communication technology (ICT) an integral part of teaching and learning.

Furthermore, NEP plans to focus on addressing gender inequalities in the Indian education system by introducing measures such as affirmative action policies, gender sensitization training, flexible learning options and financial assistance schemes specifically for women. These strategies go a long way towards improving India’s educational system and ensuring better outcomes for students across the country.

Applications for Admissions are open.

Aakash iACST Scholarship Test 2024

Get up to 90% scholarship on NEET, JEE & Foundation courses

ALLEN Digital Scholarship Admission Test (ADSAT)

Register FREE for ALLEN Digital Scholarship Admission Test (ADSAT)

JEE Main Important Physics formulas

As per latest 2024 syllabus. Physics formulas, equations, & laws of class 11 & 12th chapters

PW JEE Coaching

Enrol in PW Vidyapeeth center for JEE coaching

PW NEET Coaching

Enrol in PW Vidyapeeth center for NEET coaching

JEE Main Important Chemistry formulas

As per latest 2024 syllabus. Chemistry formulas, equations, & laws of class 11 & 12th chapters

Download Careers360 App's

Regular exam updates, QnA, Predictors, College Applications & E-books now on your Mobile

Certifications

We Appeared in

Compititive exams CTET, State TET, KVS, DSSSB, CUCET

Essay on The Indian Education System: Challenges and Opportunities 1000, 500, 300, 200 words

• Essay on The Indian Education System: Challenges and Opportunities

Introduction

Essay on The Indian Education System: The Indian education system is one of the oldest in the world, with a rich history dating back to ancient times. It has undergone numerous transformations over the centuries, but it continues to play a pivotal role in shaping the future of India. This essay explores the strengths and weaknesses of the Indian education system, its historical evolution, current challenges and potential opportunities for improvement.

Essay on The Indian Education System: A Journey of Challenges and Opportunities 500 words

Essay on the indian education system: challenges and opportunities 300 words, essay on education system in india 200 words, essay on education system in india 150 words, historical evolution.

The roots of the Indian education system can be traced back to the Gurukul system, where students lived with their gurus (teachers) and received holistic education encompassing not only academic subjects but also ethics, values and life skills. This system emphasized experiential learning and individualized instruction.

During British colonial rule, the education system underwent significant changes with a focus on producing a workforce to serve the colonial administration. This period saw the establishment of institutions like the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and the Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs), which have since become renowned globally.

Strengths of the Indian Education System

• Diversity : India’s education system is vast and diverse, offering a wide range of subjects and courses, catering to the varied interests and talents of its students.
• Quality Institutions : India boasts several prestigious institutions like the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs), and top-tier universities that have produced exceptional graduates who excel on the global stage.
• Strong Emphasis on STEM : The system places significant importance on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education, contributing to India’s reputation as a hub for IT and engineering professionals.
• Global Diaspora : The Indian education system has produced a vast pool of skilled professionals who have excelled internationally, making India a significant contributor to the global workforce.

Challenges Faced

• Quality Disparities : While India has prestigious institutions, a majority of schools and colleges, especially in rural areas, lack basic infrastructure and quality teachers. This results in a stark rural-urban divide in education.
• Rote Learning : The system’s emphasis on rote memorization rather than critical thinking and problem-solving often stifles creativity and innovation among students.
• Pressure and Stress : A highly competitive environment and parental expectations can place immense pressure and stress on students, leading to mental health issues.
• Outdated Curriculum : The curriculum often lags behind in terms of relevance to real-world skills, emerging technologies and global trends.
• Inequality : Socio-economic disparities result in unequal access to quality education, perpetuating inequality.

Opportunities for Improvement

• Holistic Education : Incorporating holistic education that includes life skills, ethics and vocational training can prepare students for the complexities of the modern world.
• Teacher Training : Investing in teacher training and providing incentives for educators can improve the quality of instruction across the board.
• Flexible Curriculum : Regularly updating and adapting the curriculum to include relevant and contemporary subjects can better prepare students for the future job market.
• Digital Education : Leveraging technology for online and distance learning can bridge the urban-rural education gap and make education more accessible.
• Mental Health Support : Introducing mental health support services within educational institutions can help students cope with the pressures of academic life.

The Indian education system is at a crossroads, with both strengths and weaknesses. While it has produced brilliant minds and professionals, it also faces challenges related to quality, access and relevance. To truly harness its potential, India must address these issues and embrace reforms that prioritize holistic education, teacher development and adaptability to the changing global landscape. Only then can the Indian education system prepare its youth to excel not only in the domestic arena but also on the global stage.

Essay on The Indian Education System: An In-depth Analysis 600 words

Introduction :

The Indian education system has a rich and diverse history dating back thousands of years. With its roots in ancient Gurukul systems, it has evolved significantly over time to meet the changing needs of society. This essay delves into the Indian education system, its structure, challenges, and prospects.

Historical Background:

The origins of the Indian education system can be traced back to ancient times when education was imparted in Gurukuls, informal centers of learning under the guidance of a guru (teacher). This system emphasized holistic education, including subjects like mathematics, science, philosophy and ethics. However, the British colonial era (from the 18th to the 20th century) brought significant changes to India’s education system, introducing a more standardized, Westernized approach.

Structure of the Indian Education System:

• Pre-primary and Primary Education: The foundation of education in India starts with pre-primary and primary education, typically from ages 3 to 14. This stage is crucial for building a strong educational base.
• Secondary Education: After completing primary education, students move on to secondary education, which spans from grades 9 to 12. Here, they follow the curriculum set by respective state boards or national boards like the CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education).
• Higher Education: After completing secondary education, students have the option to pursue various streams, including science, arts, commerce and vocational courses. India has a vast higher education system comprising universities, colleges, and institutes offering undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral programs.
• Technical and Professional Education: India boasts prestigious institutions like the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and the Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) that offer specialized technical and management education.

Challenges in the Indian Education System:

• Quality Disparities: There is a significant gap in the quality of education between urban and rural areas. Urban schools tend to have better infrastructure and teaching facilities, while rural schools often lack essential resources.
• Rote Learning: The system is often criticized for promoting rote learning over critical thinking and practical skills. This limits students’ creativity and problem-solving abilities.
• Overemphasis on Exams: The Indian education system is notorious for its heavy reliance on high-stakes exams, which can lead to immense stress and a narrow focus on exam-oriented education.
• Lack of Vocational Education: While there has been progress in recent years, vocational education remains underdeveloped in India. This limits opportunities for skill development and employment.
• Gender Disparities: Gender inequality still exists, with fewer girls having access to education, especially in rural areas.

Prospects for Reform:

• RTE Act: The Right to Education (RTE) Act of 2009 is a significant step towards universalizing education by ensuring free and compulsory education for all children aged 6 to 14.
• Emphasis on Skill Development: There is a growing recognition of the importance of skill-based education to prepare students for the job market. Initiatives like Skill India aim to address this need.
• Digitalization: The use of technology in education, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, has gained momentum, making education more accessible and interactive.
• International Collaboration: Collaboration with foreign universities and institutions is on the rise, leading to the establishment of international campuses in India, which can enhance the quality of education.

Conclusion:

The Indian education system has a rich history but faces numerous challenges. However, ongoing reforms and initiatives offer hope for a brighter future. A shift towards a more holistic, skill-based and inclusive approach can help prepare the youth of India for the complex challenges of the 21st century and beyond, ensuring that education remains a tool for personal and national development.

Essay on strategies to promote a cleaner, greener and bluer future

Essay on restraint is the formula of solution 500, 250 words PDF

Essay on Child labour: 1000, 400, 300, 150 words

Essay on Global science for global wellbeing

Essay on Digitalization in daily life 1000 words

The Indian education system is a complex and multifaceted structure that has evolved over centuries. It is a critical component of the nation’s growth and development, playing a pivotal role in shaping the lives and aspirations of millions of young Indians. This short essay explores the Indian education system, highlighting its strengths, challenges and potential for transformation.

Historical Roots

The roots of the Indian education system can be traced back to ancient times, with institutions like Nalanda and Takshashila renowned for their pursuit of knowledge. The traditional Gurukul system, where students lived with teachers, was a hallmark of early Indian education. However, over time, the education system underwent significant changes, especially during British colonial rule, leading to the present structure.

• Diversity and Inclusivity : One of the system’s strengths is its inclusivity, catering to a diverse population with various languages, cultures and backgrounds. India offers a wide range of educational boards and mediums, allowing students to choose a system that suits them best.
• Strong Foundation in Science and Technology: The country has produced numerous skilled professionals who have excelled in fields such as engineering, medicine and information technology. Indian institutes like the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) are globally recognized for their excellence.
• Competitive Examinations: India’s rigorous competitive examination system prepares students for challenges in various fields. Exams like the Joint Entrance Examination (JEE) and the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) exam are examples of such assessments.
• Inequality : The education system grapples with stark inequalities, both in access and quality. Disparities in infrastructure, teacher quality and educational resources persist, creating a divide between urban and rural areas.
• Rote Learning : The emphasis on rote learning, where students memorize information without understanding its practical application, has been criticized for stifling creativity and critical thinking.
• Pressure and Stress: The intense competition for limited seats in prestigious institutions places immense pressure on students, often resulting in stress and mental health issues.
• Outdated Curriculum: The curriculum often lacks relevance to real-world challenges, leading to a gap between classroom education and practical skills needed for employment.

Opportunities for Reform

• Curriculum Overhaul : Updating the curriculum to incorporate practical skills, vocational training and a broader understanding of subjects can make education more relevant and engaging.
• Digitalization : Leveraging technology for education delivery can help bridge the urban-rural divide and improve access to quality education.
• Teacher Training: Investing in teacher training and professional development can enhance the quality of instruction and foster a more interactive learning environment.
• Emphasis on Holistic Development : Encouraging extracurricular activities, sports and arts alongside academics can promote holistic development and reduce the stress on students.

The Indian education system has come a long way, reflecting both its strengths and challenges. While it has produced outstanding professionals, it also faces the task of addressing inequalities and adapting to the changing needs of a globalized world. Through reforms, inclusivity and a focus on holistic development, India can continue to harness the potential of its vast youth population and build a brighter future for generations to come.

The Indian education system is a vast and intricate structure that has evolved over centuries. It comprises various stages, from primary to higher education, and plays a pivotal role in shaping the country’s future. However, it faces both challenges and opportunities in its quest for excellence.

One of the most significant challenges facing the Indian education system is accessibility. While strides have been made to increase enrolment, especially at the primary level, there is still a wide gap in access to quality education, particularly in rural areas. Infrastructure deficits, inadequate teacher training, and socio-economic disparities are obstacles that hinder many children from receiving a good education.

Another pressing issue is the rote-learning culture prevalent in the system. Traditional assessment methods often prioritize memorization over critical thinking and problem-solving skills. This can stifle creativity and hinder students from developing a deeper understanding of subjects.

However, there are opportunities for improvement. The digital revolution has the potential to bridge educational gaps. Online learning platforms and educational apps can provide access to quality resources, even in remote areas. Additionally, the National Education Policy 2020 aims to transform the system by focusing on holistic learning, vocational skills, and flexibility in curriculum choices.

Moreover, India’s diverse population is a unique asset. It fosters a rich cultural exchange and can be leveraged to create a more inclusive and globalized education system that prepares students for a competitive world.

In conclusion, the Indian education system faces challenges related to accessibility and outdated teaching methods. However, it also possesses significant opportunities for improvement through digital integration, policy reforms, and embracing diversity. Addressing these challenges while capitalizing on these opportunities is essential for shaping a brighter future for India’s students.

The education system in India is a complex and diverse landscape that reflects the country’s vast cultural and socioeconomic diversity. While it has made significant progress over the years, it still faces numerous challenges.

One of the key strengths of the Indian education system is its emphasis on academic excellence. India is home to some prestigious institutions like the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs), which are renowned globally. Additionally, the country has a rich tradition of producing skilled professionals in fields such as medicine, engineering, and IT.

However, there are significant issues that need to be addressed. The system often places excessive pressure on students to excel in rote memorization rather than promoting critical thinking and creativity. The quality of education varies widely between urban and rural areas, with rural regions often lacking access to quality schools and teachers. Furthermore, socio-economic disparities persist, limiting educational opportunities for many.

In recent years, there has been a push for educational reform, with initiatives aimed at improving infrastructure, curriculum and teacher training. Additionally, the promotion of digital learning and vocational education is gaining momentum.

In conclusion, while the Indian education system has notable strengths, it also faces substantial challenges related to quality, accessibility and equity. Continued efforts to reform and modernize the system are essential to ensure that all children in India have access to a high-quality education.

The education system in India is a complex and multifaceted structure that plays a pivotal role in shaping the nation’s future. While it has made significant progress in recent years, challenges persist.

India’s education system consists of several stages, starting with primary education, followed by secondary and higher education. The government has implemented various schemes to promote enrollment and quality in primary schools, but issues like infrastructure gaps and teacher shortages persist, particularly in rural areas.

Secondary education faces issues of standardized curricula and a heavy emphasis on rote learning, which can hinder critical thinking and creativity. The higher education system, on the other hand, boasts prestigious institutions like the IITs and IIMs, but access and quality vary greatly across the country.

To address these challenges, India must focus on improving infrastructure, teacher training and curriculum development. Additionally, promoting a more holistic and skill-oriented approach to education can better prepare students for the demands of the modern world. Overall, the evolution of India’s education system is critical for the nation’s socio-economic development and global competitiveness.

Quick links:

Essay on Organic Farming Nurturing a Sustainable Future 100 to 800 words

Meaning of Local Self-government class 6 MCQs

Essay on Sustainable Development Goals free PDF

Important Time management for study effectively

Digital education in India free PDF

Social sharing ⬇️

Related Posts

Essay on jallianwala bagh massacre 13 april 1919, essay on vaisakhi festival celebration, essay on rabindranath tagore free pdf, essay on world earth day | essay on save earth, essay on internet free pdf | paragraph on internet, importance of literacy essay 1800 words free pdf, leave a comment cancel reply.

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Talk to our experts

1800-120-456-456

• Indian Education Essay

Read Indian Education Essay on Vedantu

The Education of a child is one of the most important decisions a parent can make. While there are many different types of educational options available, not all are created equal. Children in India have the unique opportunity to receive a world-class education, thanks to the many excellent schools that are available. Since ancient times, India has been known for its great educational system. The country's first university, Nalanda, was founded over 1,000 years ago. Today, there are thousands of schools in India, many of which are among the best in the world.

What is Indian Education?

Indian Education is a term used to refer to the Education that is offered primarily to American Indian students. The Indian Education Act of 1972 defined its purpose as "to meet the unique educational and culturally related academic needs of American Indian children."

Similarities Between Mainstream Education and Indian Education

There are several similarities between mainstream education in America, also known as public schools, and Indian Education. Traditional public schools are subject to the same educational mandates as Indian schools overseen by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). Most incorporate a core set of subjects such as English, math, social studies, and science into their curriculum. The school year is roughly 180 days long, and students attend class 5 days a week for around 6 hours each day.

Differences Between Mainstream Education and Indian Education

Despite these similarities, there are also some key differences between mainstream education and Indian Education. Perhaps the most notable is that Indian Education is often delivered in a culturally relevant and inclusive manner, which takes into account the unique needs of Native American students. This can include incorporating tribal history and culture into the curriculum, providing Native American educators, and incorporating traditional tribal values and beliefs into the school environment. In addition, Indian Education is often offered on or near reservations, while mainstream Education is not.

Essay on Indian Education

Education plays an important role in the development of an individual and makes him a knowledgeable citizen. It is the Education that makes an individual self-reliant, helps to suppress social evils, and contributes towards the development of the society and nation as a whole. Education helps in unraveling the mystery of nature. It enables us to understand and improve the working of our society. It creates conditions for a better life. Education brings out the capabilities to fight injustice happening in society. Every individual has the right to Education. 

Indian Education is one of the largest and complex education systems in the world along with China. India is committed to providing basic Education to its citizens, the framework of which is defined in the National Policy of Education. Elementary Education is now compulsory in India. At the time of Independence, only 14% of India's population was literate. Now after so many decades since Independence, the number of literates has increased by fivefold.

History of Education System

The history of the Indian education system comes from the times of Ramayana and Mahabharata. The historic Indian education system is also called the Gurukula system. There were gurus then who are now known as teachers and shishyas who are called students now. The gurus and the shishyas lived together under one roof in Gurukula until the completion of their Education. The shishyas were expected to help the guru in all the daily chores as part of their learning. The children belonging to higher strata of the society were taught all the subjects from Sanskrit to Holy Scriptures and mathematics to metaphysics by the gurus. The Gurukulas during those times focused on the practical aspects of life. The students were taught in the open classroom in the surrounding area of nature. This early system of Education in India continued for many years until the modern education system came into the picture in the nineteenth century.

In the early 19th century, during the British period, the modern education system was brought into our country by Lord Thomas Babington Macaulay. The basic strength of this modernized education system was the examinations and a well-defined curriculum, which gave importance to subjects like science and mathematics and subjects like philosophy, metaphysics were given a back seat. The brick and mortar classrooms replaced the open classrooms in the Gurukulas. The essence of the guru shishya bond was taken over by a more formal relationship between the teacher and the student. To understand the progress of any student, examinations were conducted at frequent intervals. The focus of the education system shifted from learning to memorizing the concepts to score good marks in the examinations.

Problems of Indian Education System

Over a period of time, it has been observed that there are many loopholes in the system of Education in India. Instead of understanding the concepts, students started cramming and memorizing the lessons. Knowledge is given a backseat and scoring in high rankings takes importance. Modern parents have tuned their mindsets accordingly, and their goal is to ensure that their children score good marks instead of acquiring knowledge right from the primary level. 

Private schools and colleges have been rapidly increasing in the country but the results produced by them are far beyond satisfactory. It has also been observed that the quality of teachers deteriorated with the passing of time. Our examination system is responsible for the wide skill gap. India is producing lakhs of engineers and professionals every year but only a fraction of this number is actually getting employed. This is because the Indian examination system focuses more on scoring good percentages rather than the actual continuous comprehensive evaluation. 

Research and development, which should be the cornerstone of our system, are given the least importance. The private schools and colleges focus on the admission of more students and are least interested in the quality of their Education. This is the major reason why the faculties and the teachers lack skills and specialization. This is quite evident from the fact that a single professor is assigned to teach multiple subjects.

How Can We Improve the Indian Education System?

First and most importantly we should improve the grading system. Rote learning should be discouraged completely. Teachers and faculties should focus more on the analytical skills of the students and grade them accordingly. There should be more focus on comprehensive evaluation instead of scoring only good marks. Workshops must be organized for teachers on a regular basis to keep them updated about the latest developments in the sector of Education. At the same time, the curriculum should be reframed according to the present needs of Education in India.

Indian Education is a unique and specialized Education system that is offered primarily to Indian students. It incorporates culturally relevant and inclusive elements not found in mainstream Education but is subject to many of the same mandates .

The payroll structure of the teachers and the faculties, especially in the government institutions should be improved. This step will help in motivating the teachers to develop their skills and they will take a keen interest in grooming or shaping up a student's life and career. The government and other entities who are associated with the education sector, need to understand the importance of quality of Education. Education should be a holistic process that must focus on the overall development of the physical, emotional, social, and cognitive skills of a child. It needs to be a slow and cyclic process and must take place gradually to help the child develop into an autonomous, independent, and knowledgeable individual.

An educated individual is an individual who should be able to contribute towards the betterment of the economic and social development of the society as well as the country. The true goal of Education must exceed awarding the degrees and certificates to the students. Education is not a tool to earn livelihood, but it is a way to liberate the mind and soul of an individual.

FAQs on Indian Education Essay

1. Why is Education Important for Any Individual?

Education is important for the development of an individual. It makes an individual self-reliant, helps to suppress the social evils and contribute towards the development of the society and nation as a whole.

2. What Problems Does the Indian Education System Face?

The Indian education system focuses on rote learning. It means that the education system focuses more on memorizing instead of understanding the concepts. The grading system in the Indian education system is very poor. Teachers and faculties lack in skills and qualification. They don’t update themselves with the latest facts. Teachers are paid very less and so they lose motivation.

3. How Can the Education System Improve in India?

The education system in India should be improved by discouraging rote learning and changing the grading system. Utmost importance should be given to the research and development, which is the cornerstone of our system. Parents and teachers should focus on the overall development of a child and focus on their cognitive and analytical skills.

4. How are Women Empowered Through Education?

Education helps in empowering women. Women can voice out themselves in the society against the injustice done to them. They can be self-dependent. Women empowerment will bring a lot of development in society as well as in the nation.

5. What are the Skills Someone Needs to Acquire Through Education?

There are many skills that develop through Education, but some of the core ones include Communication, Critical Thinking, Active Listening, Leadership, etc. A truly educated individual should be able to communicate effectively with others and use critical thinking to help them make the right decisions in life. Moreover, active listening is a skill needed for introspection, and leadership is important for guiding and motivating people. All these skills are essential for the overall development of an individual. These skills help one in achieving success not only in their Education but also in professional life. One of the main reasons for the success of the western world is that they put a great deal of emphasis on education and reward students who excel in it. These skills helped in making them leaders in their respective fields.

6. What are the Educational Goals of India?

India mainly has three educational goals - Equality, Excellence and Equity. To achieve the first two goals, the government of India is making tremendous efforts by providing free Education to students belonging to weaker sections of society. This measure helps in providing opportunities to all the children irrespective of their socio-economic background. To achieve excellence in Indian Education, the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has taken many initiatives, including setting up world-class institutions, promoting research activities, etc. The third goal is equity in Education. The government is implementing schemes like Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan to promote equitable distribution of resources for Education across different sections of society, including weaker and marginalized sections.

7. How Is Education Related to Employment?

Education is directly related to employment because of multiple reasons. Most importantly, qualifications are required for securing jobs. The more the qualification, the better is the chance of landing a good job. Moreover, an individual with quality education is more likely to be productive at work and do his/her tasks in a precise manner which helps their employer to achieve their goals as well. Also, the person is likely to be paid better if they have a good educational background. In a nutshell, Education helps an individual in getting a good job and earning a respectable salary.

8. How is Education Linked With Economic Development?

Education is the key to economic development because an educated person is able to contribute more to society. They are able to think innovatively and come up with new ideas that can help in improving the economic condition of their country. Moreover, they are able to work in various sectors like agriculture, manufacturing, services, etc., and contribute to the economic growth of their country. It can also be seen as a key to social development because an educated individual is able to contribute more towards societal welfare. This, in turn, plays a major role in reducing poverty and hunger levels across the world.

9. How Do We Make Education More Interesting and Interactive?

Education should be made more interesting and interactive by providing real-life examples in the classroom. For example, a mathematics teacher can explain a topic in a class by referring to a purchase receipt or tax statement of an individual. This way, students will be able to connect with what is being taught in the classroom and understand it better. Moreover, the teacher should not only rely on textbooks. Instead, they should use various other sources like newspapers, magazines, and the Internet to supplement teaching. Also, awarding marks for participation in classroom activities such as debates & discussions will help students develop public speaking skills and improve their communication. Vedantu teachers are constantly being trained in this area to provide better interactive sessions in the classroom.

Call us @ 08069405205

Search Here

• An Introduction to the CSE Exam
• Personality Test
• Annual Calendar by UPSC-2024
• Common Myths about the Exam
• About Insights IAS
• Our Mission, Vision & Values
• Director's Desk
• Meet Our Team
• Our Branches
• Careers at Insights IAS
• Daily Current Affairs+PIB Summary
• Insights into Editorials
• Insta Revision Modules for Prelims
• Current Affairs Quiz
• Static Quiz
• Current Affairs RTM
• Insta-DART(CSAT)
• Insta 75 Days Revision Tests for Prelims 2024
• Secure (Mains Answer writing)
• Secure Synopsis
• Ethics Case Studies
• Insta Ethics
• Weekly Essay Challenge
• Insta Revision Modules-Mains
• Insta 75 Days Revision Tests for Mains
• Secure (Archive)
• Anthropology
• Law Optional
• Kannada Literature
• Public Administration
• English Literature
• Medical Science
• Mathematics
• Commerce & Accountancy
• Monthly Magazine: CURRENT AFFAIRS 30
• Content for Mains Enrichment (CME)
• InstaMaps: Important Places in News
• Weekly CA Magazine
• The PRIME Magazine
• Insta Revision Modules-Prelims
• Insta-DART(CSAT) Quiz
• Insta 75 days Revision Tests for Prelims 2022
• Insights SECURE(Mains Answer Writing)
• Interview Transcripts
• Previous Years' Question Papers-Prelims
• Answer Keys for Prelims PYQs
• Solve Prelims PYQs
• Previous Years' Question Papers-Mains
• UPSC CSE Syllabus
• Toppers from Insights IAS
• Testimonials
• Felicitation
• UPSC Results
• Indian Heritage & Culture
• Ancient Indian History
• Medieval Indian History
• Modern Indian History
• World History
• World Geography
• Indian Geography
• Indian Society
• Social Justice
• International Relations
• Agriculture
• Environment & Ecology
• Disaster Management
• Science & Technology
• Security Issues
• Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude

• Indian Heritage & Culture
• Enivornment & Ecology

EDITORIAL ANALYSIS : A ground view of the Indian Space Policy 2023

Source: The Hindu

• Prelims: Current events of national and international importance(Space programmes, Indian Space Policy 2023, Vikram S rocket, non-proliferation etc
• Mains GS Paper II: Science and technology, development and application, Development in the field of space and issues related to it etc

ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS

• The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) r eleased the Indian Space Policy 2023 t hat had been in the works for some years

INSIGHTS ON THE ISSUE

Indian Space Policy – 2023:

• Research and development of new space technologies and applications
• Expanding the human understanding of outer space.
• space launches
• establishing launch pads
• buying and selling satellites
• disseminating high-resolution data among other things.
• It will share technologies, products, processes and best practices with NGEs (non-government entities and this will include private companies) and government companies.
• commercializing space technologies and platforms created through public expenditure
• Manufacturing, leasing, or procuring s pace components, technologies, platforms and other assets from the private or public sector.
• Overall policy guidelines and be the nodal department for implementing space technologies and, among other things
• Coordinate international cooperation and coordination in the area of global space governance and programmes in consultation with the Ministry of External Affairs.
• It will create an appropriate mechanism to resolve disputes arising out of space activity.

Background :

• Until the early 1990s: India’s space industry and space economy were defined by ISRO.
• Private sector : It was limited to building to ISRO designs and specifications.
• The Second Space Age: It began with the licensing of private TV channels, the explosive growth of the Internet, mobile telephony, and the emergence of the smartphone.
• It had guidelines for foreign direct investment (FDI) in the satellite industry.
• In 2016 , it was replaced by a National Geospatial Policy that has been further liberalized in 2022 .
• It lapsed in 2019 with the outgoing Lok Sabha.

Implications of the earlier policies:

• Indian users including the security and defense agencies spend nearly a billion dollars annually to procure earth observation data and imagery from foreign sources.

Present scenario:

• ISRO’s budget is approximately $ 6(one point six)billion
• India’s space economy is over $ 6(nine point six)billion.
• Broadband, OTT and 5G p romise a double-digit annual growth in satellite-based services.
• Estimation : The Indian space industry could grow to $ 60 billion by 2030, directly creating more than two lakh jobs.

Why is Indian Space Policy 2023 different from previous policies?

• The ‘Vision’ is to “enable, encourage and develop a flourishing commercial presence in space” acceptance that the private sector is a critical stakeholder in the entire value chain of the space economy.
• India’s “socio-economic development and security
• protection of environment and lives
• pursuing peaceful exploration of outer space
• stimulation of public awareness and scientific quest”.
• Reference to ‘security’ in the document: focus is on civilian and peaceful
• Policy lays out a strategy and spells out the roles of the Department of Space, ISRO, the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe) set up in 2020, and the NewSpace India Limited (NSIL(public sector unit under the Department of Space as the commercial arm of ISRO to replace the now defunct Antrix).
• Hereafter, mature systems shall be transferred to industries for commercial exploitation.
• ISRO shall focus on R&D in advanced technology, providing newer systems and realization of space objects for meeting national prerogatives”.
• To concentrate on cutting edge research and development
• For long-term projects such as Chandrayaan and Gaganyaan .
• ISRO’s commercial arm, NSIL will become the interface for interacting with the industry, undertake commercial negotiations and provide hand-holding support to ensure smooth and efficient transfer of technologies.

Role of Private sector:

• establishment and operation of space objects, ground-based assets and related services, such as communication, remote sensing, navigation, etc.”.
• Satellites could be self-owned, procured or leased
• Communication services could be over India or outside
• Remote sensing data could be disseminated in India or abroad.
• NGEs can design and operate launch vehicles for space transportation and establish their own infrastructure.
• NGEs can now make filings with the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and engage in commercial recovery of asteroid resources.
• Security agencies c an task NGEs for procuring tailor-made solutions to address specific requirements.

Way Forward

• India’s modest entry into the First Space Age followed by its many gains should be used to help the country tap the vast potential in the Second Space Age.
• Neither is there an indicative timeline for ISRO’s transitioning out of its current practices nor is there a schedule for IN-SPACe to create the regulatory framework.
• The policy framework envisaged will need clear rules and regulations pertaining to FDI and licensing, government procurement to sustain the new space start-ups, liability in case of violations and an appellate framework for dispute settlement.
• IN-SPACe is expected to authorize space activitie s for all, both government and non-government entities.
• Currently, its position is ambiguou s as it functions under the purview of the Department of Space.
• The Secretary (Space) is also Chairman of ISRO, the government entity to be regulated by IN-SPACe.
• A time frame is needed to provide the necessary legal framework to translate this vision into reality, to successfully launch India into the Second Space Age.

QUESTION FOR PRACTICE

Discuss India’s achievements in the field of Space Science and Technology. How the application of this technology has helped India in its socio-economic development?(UPSC 2016) (200 WORDS, 10 MARKS)

• Our Mission, Vision & Values
• Director’s Desk
• Commerce & Accountancy
• Previous Years’ Question Papers-Prelims
• Previous Years’ Question Papers-Mains
• Environment & Ecology
• Science & Technology