example of an opening speech for mun

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How to Write an Opening Speech for MUN by Irmak OKUR

How to write an Opening Speech in MUN by Irmak OKUR

First steps on mun, how to write that opening speech which anyone does not have an idea of how to ..

How to write an Opening Speech in MUN? It is important to know how to write a fantastic opening speech which will make you look experienced and sophisticated –and not like a noob-. Believe me, I am talking with experience right now, an opening speech changes people’s impression on you so quickly that you will be so surprised.

Part 1: Understanding what is an opening speech

”You are representing your country to a bunch of people… on a formal session of UN !”

Understand An OS (Opening Speech) is more like a formal introduction to your country and your delegation. Basically, you are explaining your country’s viewpoint on the problem that you are willing to solve.

 Imagine Close your eyes and imagine that you have been chosen to represent your country in a formal UN Session. What would you say to represent your country?

Learn There are differences between THIMUN and HMUN. Do not forget to check your conference’s format!

Read examples You can find tons of OS examples just by googling it. Read them and ‘’inspire’’ a little bit. But do not copy them!

Check your friends’ speeches Just take a look at your friends’ OS when you cannot write anymore. It will give you some ideas to write more. But do not forget to ask permission first. Sometimes they might be unpleasant about ‘’getting inspired from their speech’’.

Research You have to have basic information about your committee’s topic and your country’s viewpoint. Do not try to write an OS without searching for your topic.

Do not stress it An experienced and knowledgeable delegate may write an OS in 1-2 hours. If it is your first conference, do not worry. In a worst-case scenario, you will write it for 2 days.

Be careful about speech’s time Generally chairs want to get all OSs in one session. Depending on session time, headcount and experience level chairs may set a time for delegates’ OS time. They usually last between 45 seconds and 2 minutes.

Get knowing people’s help Your friends, a senior or a teacher may help you. Personally, I do my best to help first-timers. We are eager to help! Just do not makes us write your OS.

And no. You do not have to write two opening speeches for two topics

Part 2: Writing Your Opening Speech

‘ ‘The part that everyone is afraid of… Actually sitting and writing your opening speech without an excuse.”

Harvard MUN Format

Flatter Everyone Before Going for a Speech This is an unwritten rule of all MUN conferences. You can hear that everyone starts their speech by saying ”Honourable Chair and Esteemed (or distinguished whatever) Delegates”. You can try to be creative on this part but keep it diplomatic. People usually do not realize this type of little surprises.

The Formal Introduce Part (Not Always Necessary) As we all know MUN is a conference that sometimes you should use fancy sentences in order to look formal. In this part, you should use sentences that explain how honored you are as a country to take place in this ”prestigious”-yep, a popular MUN word- conference and saying that you wish to tackle significant issues by debating.

   As the delegate of X (Always use your country’s full and official name like the ”Federal Republic of Nigeria” instead of just ” Nigeria ”) we would like to state that it is a great honor to take place in this prestigious conference.

Or another example

  It is a great honor to represent X in this respected conference.

Briefly Explaining the Situation In this part you should explain your topic by a few sentences and avoid detailed ones if possible. (if you have two or more topics then try to write generally on your committee)

• a) Firstly explain why you have gathered.
• b) Tell why this situation is dangerous to people by using data.
• c) Then add the viewpoint of your country on this situation.

Best Wishes on Debating and Epilogue Give your best wishes about debating and solving the situation that you are meant to solve in a diplomatic, positive and meaningful way.

THIMUN Format

In THIMUN format there are special delegates called ‘’Ambassadors’’ which meant to make a speech on General Assembly. In additionally they have to make another one on their committee. So Ambassadors should be prepared for two opening speeches.

There is only one ambassador in each delegation. These Ambassadors’ speech on GA (General Assembly) should contain all topics of that conference. You do not have to explain them all. A speech about the conference’s theme referring to the committee agenda is fine for a start. You do not have a strict time limit but keep it short and brief as possible.

Write your other OS as usual.

Part 3: Performing that Opening Speech (Do and Don’ts)

‘’Writing is okay. What about reading?’’

Practice Just read your speech to your friends a few times before actually making your speech to your all committee.

Take criticism Accept qualified criticism and listen to them. It will make your speech better.

Use body language  will make you appear more confident and listenable which is a thing that we aim for.

Use ‘’We’’ instead of ‘’I’’ Since you are representing a country you should not say ‘’I’’. For example, we do not say ‘’I feel very honored to attend this conference.’’ Instead of that, we prefer saying ‘’We feel very honored to attend this conference.’’

Speak clearly Try to be understandable. If anyone did not understand anything from your speech, then your speech is useless.

Don’ts

Don’t look at your paper all the time Reading every sentence from a paper is a very annoying behaviour. Try to make eye contact and look at your paperless as possible.

Don’t try to memorize your speech, Of course, it would be great to memorize your speech but it is unnecessary. Use that time for understanding your topic and get enough information.

Don’t be a perfectionist , First of all, it is okay to make mistakes. If you did pronounce wrong just ignore it. Probably they did not even realize it. All MUNers has embarrassing yet funny stories- yep nearly all of them- Be relaxed and have fun.

Sample Opening Speeches

Sample Opening Speech 1 Honourable Chair and Fellow Delegates, As the delegate of Iraq, It is a big honour for us to represent our country in this meeting. We are sad to announce that we lost more than 10.00 people in our country due to COVID-19. We are aware of the fact that we need to take more precautions to protect our citizens from COVID-19. Secondly, if we close our social areas, our economy is affected badly. We should be balanced in these restrictions. We think the world should go under quarantine as a whole. We need to schedule social life to ease the infection rate. Moreover, we need to open new hospitals in the African region and the world must help them. Doctors and medical equipment should be sent to Africa as soon as possible. Thank you for your attention. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});

Sample Opening Speech 2 Opening Speech of Spain Honourable Chair and Fellow Delegates, As the delegate of Spain, we feel honoured to take part in this significant meeting. In the begging of the global pandemic, our nation was hit strongly by the major COVID-19 cases. Unfortunately, our cases have passed 1 million even though our government has tried to decrease the cases. We believe that if there is enough medical equipment, African countries can stop the second COVID-19 wave. We need to send cleaning supplies, medicine and mental care support. We should raise awareness in the African content so that we can fight COVID-19 as a whole. Africa has a young population, and WHO thinks the COVID-19 death toll remains low for this reason. If we can work together with member states, we can stop the spread of coronavirus. Thank you for your attention. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});

Sample Opening Speech 3 Forum: Human Rights 2 Question of: The Use of torture in criminal interrogation procedures Country: United States Of America Honorable chair and fellow delegates; the United States is extremely privileged to attend this conference. In the past few years, the United States and several allies have been fighting a campaign in Iraq as part of its war on terror. Many lives were lost, but after long, hard combat the US finally defeated dictator Saddam Hussein. After his removal, the United States has been working to rebuild Iraq into a democracy and soldiers have stayed behind to eliminate insurgents. However, the delegation from the United States feels that its progress in Iraq has come to the point where the Iraqi government can handle itself independently, as is needed for any strong democracy. Beginning in 2011, the United States will begin withdrawing its soldiers from its Iraq. It has faith in the Iraqi people and knows that they will be able to become a healthy nation. Thank you.

Sample Opening Speech 4 Forum: The Environment II Council Question of The Question of the Disposal of Nuclear Waste Delegation: The United States of America Honorable chair, fellow delegates, and distinguished guests, The United States of America is grateful for the opportunity to be a part of this conference and the chance to find suitable solutions for environmental issues, such as nuclear waste disposal. Nuclear waste disposal is an important issue in the modern world because nuclear power greatly benefits human society, while at the same time potentially resulting in serious consequences. Exposure of radioactive waste in the environment must be eliminated if nuclear power is to be used, and better-disposing methods of nuclear waste must be achieved. The United States highly values the environment and its well being. Therefore, it looks forward to discussing this and other issues in the following days. Thank you.

Sample Opening Speech 5 Forum: Human Rights Question of: Gender equality in access to primary and secondary education Country: Morocco Honorable Chair and fellow delegates and distinguished guests, thank you for according us your time to deliberate this speech which Morocco believes is capital. Despite many efforts made by Morocco, gender equality in access to primary and secondary education is essential for a developing country such as Morocco. Women in Morocco usually receive less education then men which the data shows that 40% of women and 60% of men in Morocco receive a basic education which is a huge impact on society. Morocco has already made considerable effort to enforce the laws but still has some progress to make. Morocco is looking forward to the support of UN countries beyond the borders for solutions to this International issue. Retrieved from https://understandingmunconferences.weebly.com/opening-speeches.html

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I cant write a opening speech its so hard I search like 1000 sites but I cant write a opening speech

How to Get Ready for an MUN Conference by Ayşe İnci DAL

Türkçe MUN Konferanslarının Faydaları, Ecenur GÜLMEN

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Dos and Don’ts of a Model UN Opening Speech

Written by Michael Dianetti

Mun articles | strategy, april 17, 2018, action | comprehensive | filler words | hook | multifaceted | opening speech | point | speaking | speeches | three-pronged.

Roll Call has been taken, decorum set, placards distributed, seats taken, debate open – it’s time for your first speech. The opening speech is often regarded as one of the most important parts of a Model United Conference. If it’s good it sets you apart. If it’s bad it seals your fate before the first unmod even begins. In some cases this assumption can be correct; however, it is important to remember that the opening speech is a maximum one minute of the conference that will be buried by two dozen hours more of committee. Nevertheless, an opening speech can be a powerful tool for an aspiring delegate to immediately set themselves apart and take control of committee. Below are our tips on how to deliver that perfect opening speech and start on the path to the gavel.

Break the Cadence

At the beginning of your MUN career, you may have been told to begin your opening speech or every speech, with the phrase  “Fellow Delegates, Honorable Chair…..” If you’ve been doing this, I’m here to tell you that it’s wrong. Please stop. Whether your committee has forty people or four-hundred, a boring introduction is the easiest way to put your ”fellow delegates” to sleep and erase yourself from the memory of your “honorable chair.” Opening speeches are all about breaking the mold and standing out. Don’t be the person that gives the same rise and fall speech that follows the same structure, and uses the same words.

Catch Everyone’s Attention

You might be wondering, “If I don’t start my speech with ‘fellow delegates, Honorable chair’ how do I start my speech?’ Easy answer. There is a multitude of ways to open your speech memorable. Many delegates go with a statistic, others use quotes, but the best opening speeches do something a little different. In a huge General Assembly, the same amount of people are going to use quotes and statistics as those who say “Fellow Delegates, Honorable Chair.” Before long every “hook” is lost among the excess of numbers and references to famous humanitarians and leaders. To be different, you have to be a little theatrical, a little sarcastic, and extremely bold. My personal favorite opener involves clapping my hands for ten seconds before explaining what my clapping represents. For example, I might clap and then say “Every time I clap my hands a Syrian refugee is denied refuge because of the isolationist policy of many members of the international community.” A delegate I know begins every opening speech by asking her committee to look at their watches and cleverly telling them that “It’s time for a change.” While these methods may seem a little excessive and silly, they are exactly what is needed to catch the attention of any delegates who have zoned out to the monotony of opening speeches and keep them engaged for the rest of your speech.

Avoid Filler Words and Jargon

“Comprehensive” “Multifaceted” “Three-Pronged” “Quasi” ”Collaborative” You may recognize these as some of the most common Model UN “filler” words that almost every delegate has used at some time in their MUN career. I can’t recount how many times I have heard a delegate give a minute-long speech that effectively accomplishes nothing because all they said was a mixed-up jumble of these words. The use of filler words is the easiest way to disengage from your audience and bury your speech among the hundreds of others that will be given during the conference. The goal of any speech is to set yourself apart from the rest of committee, prove that you are a better orator, and dispense your ideas in a clear and unique manner.

Speak Loud, Clear, and Slow

When you’re giving your opening speech it’s easy to become overwhelmed with nerves and anxiety. If you forget everything else remember that when giving your speech speak loud, clear, and slow. You want everyone in the room to be able to hear and understand what you are saying. You could have the most eloquent beautiful speech but if you botch the delivery it will mean nothing. Conversely, you can have a sub-par speech that becomes invaluable if you deliver it correctly.

Don’t Read

More than eighty percent of your committee will be reading carefully written opening speeches from a piece of paper. This can be intimidating, they know exactly what they are going to say, they have pre-prepared analogies and similes, and if you don’t have the same it may feel as if you are at a disadvantage. You aren’t. On a broad scale, these pre-prepared, written down speeches will all be grouped together in the minds of your committee members, while, if you give a more impromptu speech that addresses committee in a more personal and tangible manner you will stand out among the other delegates.

Even experienced delegates often forget the last, and most important, part of an opening speech – the ending.  A speech that brings attention to a problem or employs attention-grabbing techniques will always fall short if they don’t have an ending that rounds everything out. In the last line, call committee to do something, make a bold statement, share your plan. The last line is going to be what’s left in the ends of your “Fellow Delegates and Honorable Chair” long after your speech.

Up Your MUN Game this Summer The Ad Hoc Academy at Johns Hopkins University will give students plenty of opportunities to practice their speaking skills while taking advantage of professional coaching and guidance. Compete in six simulations in six days for over $6,000 in prizes. Apply today!  

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Public Speaking Tips

Writing and delivering speeches is an important aspect of the MUN simulation. Speeches help delegates convey the positions of their Member States, help build consensus and start formulating resolutions. Usually, the committee sets the speaking time, as the delegates make a motion to set the duration and if the motion has been seconded, the body then votes upon the suggestion.

Although speechmaking is very important to the MUN simulation, many delegates’ biggest fear is public speaking. It is essential that delegates come to the conference well prepared: meaning that they have completed prior research, know their country’s position, and even have objectives for a resolution.

Delegates should observe ‘decorum’ (i.e., be polite) when speaking. The opening of a speech should begin with: “Thank you- Honorable-Chair, Fellow delegates…”

An opening speech should include:

• Brief introduction of your country’s history of the topic
• Past actions taken by the U.N., Member States, NGOs, etc. to combat the problem
• The current situation of the topic
• Your country’s overall position on the topic/reason for position
• Possible ideas or goals for a resolution
• Whether there is room for negotiation on your position

As there are no set guidelines for how delegates should execute their speeches, delegates should decide how they feel most comfortable delivering their speeches. Some delegates utilize their position papers as their opening speeches, others just write out some key points, and many just speak without any aides. Since public speaking is a skill it is important to practice, practice, practice.

Remember the audience should always be considered when making a speech. Be aware of the audience and their diversity. The beginning of the speech must captivate the audience and motivate them to want to hear more. It must pertain to an audience’s interests.

Mr. Anthony Hogan, Model U.N. International, suggests the system of six “C’s” to improve your ability:

1. Confidence Confidence is portrayed by being as knowledgeable as possible on your subject and conveying this knowledge through the power of your voice and eyes. As a Model U.N. delegate, you are the authority and representative of your respective country. Research well and speak as if you know you are undoubtedly right. As the speaker, you must have confidence in yourself; otherwise, the audience will have little confidence in you.

2. Clear A speaker can do many things beforehand to assist them in speaking clearly. Write an outline of the topics that are going to be said, and follow it when speaking. Always speak slowly. This will allow the audience to hear everything that is said. Know your terminology well beforehand to avoid fumbling with words. Try to enunciate words properly.

3. Concise A good public speaker presents his/her points in a clean and clear-cut fashion. Unnecessary words and information should not be used to fill in the speech. The speech should be brief and to the point—say what you have to say. Do not ramble on about the topic in order to appear knowledgeable.

4. Constructive An effective public speech needs to be constructed properly. Start with a solid foundation that brings together all of your ideas, present your points, and then connect them by reviewing what was said. There should be an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. It is a known fact that three is a magic number. Say it once, say it and review it, then say it again. This method will help the audience to remember what was said.

5. “Con Passion” It is always important to speak from the heart—with passion—hence the Spanish term “con passion”. Always maintain eye contact with the audience. In doing so the audience will feel connected to you and your speech. This is what you want. You want to grab and hold the audience’s attention.

6. Critique It is better to critique than to criticize. Critiquing is constructive and allows for people to grow and improve. Criticizing brings peoples’ motivation and confidence down. A critique should be accepted positively since it is a tool that is used to strengthen one’s public speaking.

Some additional tips for effective public speaking

• ELIMINATE UNNECESSARY SPEECH FILLERS from your communication. Fillers are words and phrases such as “umm,” “well,” “it is sort-a like,” “it’s kinda like.” These take away from the message you want to convey. Some of the words and phrases to eliminate include: “you know,” “I think,” “I’m sorry,” “just,” “but,” “should,” “like,” “um,” and, “a,” etc.
• USE THE POWERFUL PAUSE. Do not be afraid to have a moment of silence between sentences. A pause, after thought, and prefacing a response to a question holds the attention of the listener.
• BREATHE from the diaphragm. Breathe deeply and often.
• PACE YOURSELF. Do not talk too fast or too slow.
• PHYSICALLY POSITION YOURSELF POWERFULLY. Be aware of your posture when you speak. Slouching, tilting your head, and crossing your arms or legs diminishes the message. Stand up straight, shoulders down, feet firmly planted, and knees unlocked.
• PROJECT YOUR PRESENCE. Your voice is the herald that carries your message. Speak from your diaphragm not your throat. Keep the sound in the low- to medium-range. This projects authority. Speak loudly enough to be easily heard. Focus on speaking with enthusiasm, and energy and create color with your voice.
• GESTURES. Do not be a statue. Consider occasionally exaggerating a gesture. Speaking from a platform is different than holding a one on one conversation. Use your whole body when you speak.
• CONNECT WITH YOUR AUDIENCE. Use a lot of eye contact. Speak directly to individual members of the audience. Do not take your eyes off your audience or focus on a point over their heads.
• COMMUNICATE CONFIDENCE. Make a conscious effort to project yourself confidently. This is as important as the message.

[Source: MKCMUN]

MUN Chairing Script

As a Chair, you are expected to bring your committee to life as you perform your role within the boundaries of the Model United Nations rules of procedure (RoP). MUN RoP’s are largely the same between most MUN circuits and conferences. Once you know the terms and phrases, you could reliably chair anywhere in the world and the delegates would understand you.

For first time chairs, this chair script for debate will show you what to say and when to say it. The article will make sense of the MUN procedure and put strange terms into a format that can be understood and replicated. It also helps with consistency. The following guide will tell you what to say, when to say it and how to say it.

Introduction

Staying consistent is one of the most important jobs of a Chair. You must stay consistent to the rules, lack of Bias, respect, etc. You have to be the rock from which delegates anchor their debate from. Therefore, the delegates need to consistently understand what is happening and for that, you need to use terms they understand, consistently! Using the right terms does not replace the need to  write a study guide  or that you need to know  how to chair . Using the correct terms is as much a part of chairing and knowing to equally spread the opportunity to speak throughout the room.

Now that’s clarified, how should you use this guide? This guide isn’t for a chair to read and recall in a monotonous setting throughout a committee. It is for a chair to look at to understand all the possibilities for chairs to say and when, to avoid confusion, and make sure that delegates get the fullest chairing experience possible. For our purpose, the following chairing script will be written about the Human Rights Council (HRC).

This guide will run through all the phrases with a brief description of what they mean and what they can be used for. This guide assumes that you already know the  Model UN Rules of Procedure . You don’t need to know them perfectly but feel free to 

Setting the Stage

The beginning of the committee may vary depending on what type of committee it is, but as HRC, it will be standard compared to many other MUN Rules of Procedure (ROPs). Nevertheless, it is always good before getting into a proper formal setting to run through the rules of procedure for the opening stage of the committee with the delegates, so they know what is going on, and the likes.

Beginning Roll Call

 “We shall begin with the roll call, when your delegation is named, please rise and state whether you are present or present and voting”

• Make sure to explain to delegates if you think they might not know the difference between Present or Present and voting is.

  After taking roll call

 “Thank you, after the roll call we can see that there are 21 Delegates present, this makes a simple majority 11 and a two thirds majority 15”

• Always nice to remind delegates of the numbers, make sure to remember you always need whatever the arithmetic is +1 for things to pass.

Opening Debate

Opening the Floor

 “Are there any points or motions on the floor?”

• This is one of the things you as a chair are going to be saying the most throughout committee. You need to keep consistent to this but you can change to say just “points” or just “motions” depending on what you’re looking for. For a list of what to say about points, see the final section on points and general phrases

After taking a good motion

 “This is in order, are there any seconds to this motion?”

• To clarify to delegates what is and isn’t in order it’s important to start a sentence after a motion with “this is in order” if it is in order, and “this is not in order” if it is not.
• Seconds and Objections are not standard, and some motions don’t require it, but for simplicity’s sake let’s say we’re doing Seconds and objections for everything possible

*Delegate raise seconds*

“Thank you, are there any objections?”

*Delegates Raise objections*

 “Thank you, seeing seconds and objections, we will now take this to a vote, all those in favor of this motion to open the debate please raise your placards now”

*Delegates vote in favor*

“and all those against this motion please raise your placards now”

*Delegates vote against*

*Motion passes/fails*

“Thank you delegate, this motion passes/fails*

After seeing not all people having voted

“Seeing that not all people have voted, the dias wishes to remind you that this is a procedural vote and so all members must vote either in favor or against, you cannot abstain”

• Good to remember and establish early on

Vote on opening debate passes

“We would now look favorably on a motion to set the agenda, are there any points or motions on the floor?”

• If you ever want to slightly push delegates but not overly, “we would now look favorably” is a tried and tested mechanism, but use it wisely

Setting the Agenda

Delegate raises motion to set the agenda to a topic

“This is in order, we shall now open a primary speakers list to discuss whether delegates are in favor or against setting the agenda to topic X, Delegate would you like to be added first to this speakers list?”

“All those wishing to be added to the primary speakers list, please raise your placards now”

After getting people on the list: “First we will have the delegate of X speak, delegate of X you now have the floor”

After delegate X has spoken: “

Thank you, we will now have the next delegate, the delegate of X speak, delegate of X you now have the floor”

If you wish to add more people to the list you can just reuse “all those wishing to be added…”

  After the list has been emptied

 “Seeing that the primary speakers list has been exhausted, we will automatically close the debate on setting the agenda to topic X and move to the voting procedure. All those in favor of adopting Topic X first before moving onto topic Y please raise your placards now”

*vote passes and topic X is adopted*

Starting the Main Debate

After you have set the agenda, the real fun begins and the main substance of the debate can start! You will be in this section for a majority of the conference, likely one full day, interrupted occasionally with suspending the debate (see the last section) and reopening debate in the morning. You should make sure that after the speakers list is established and speeches have started, that once enough speeches have been made for some key issues to be raised (usually around 4 or 5) then you open the floor to points or motions.

The General/Secondary Speakers list

“The Floor is now open for points or motions”

Motion to open the general speakers list is called and passes

“Thank you, Delegate who motioned for the speakers list, would you like to be added first to the list” *says no* “Ok, all those wishing to be added please raise your placards now”

• Similar to the primary speakers list, the key here is that there must ALWAYS be people on the general speakers list or else debate is automatically closed and you move to vote procedure, avoid this.

Responding to Yields

Yielded to the chair/floor/dias.

“Thank you delegate, the next delegate to take the floor will be the delegate of X, Delegate of X, you have the floor”

Yielded to another Delegate

“Delegate of Y, the Delegate of X has yielded to you, do you accept?”

Delegate Y Says Yes “You have the floor for the remaining time”

Delegate Y says No, “Delegate Y has rejected to take the remaining time, therefore the time it automatically assumed to the chairs”

Yielding to Points of Information/Questions

“Thank you delegate, the Delegate has yielded to points of information, do any delegates have any points of information” *Delegate Raises Placard* “Yes Delegate of Y”

After the point has been raised “Delegate of X, do you accept this point of information”

Delegate X says yes, “Delegate of X, you have the remaining time to answer”

Delegate X says No, “Do any other delegates have a point of information to ask to the delegate of X”

No delegate has a point, “There are no remaining points of information for the delegate, the chairs will automatically assume the time”

Forgetting to Yield

“Delegate, how do you yield your time”

Delegate is clearly unsure of what is happening

“Do not worry delegate, if you wish to merely end your speech and sit down, please state that you wish to yield to the chair”

Accepting Moderated and Unmoderated Caucuses

“The floor is open for points and motions; all those with points and motions please raise your placards now”

• As mentioned, try to do this regularly within committee because these are what push the debate substantially

After Motion with Seconds and Objections

“Seeing this motion has received seconds and objections, we will take some more motions, are there any other points or motions on the floor?”

After all motions are defeated

“Seeing all motions defeated we will return to the general speakers list”

If one of the motion passes, see below.

Moderated Caucuses

Delegate motions for Moderated Caucus , Speaking time 1min, Overall time 10mins on the Subject of X

“Thank you delegate, this is in order, the delegate has motioned for a 10 minute moderated caucus, 1-minute speaking time on the subject of X, are there any seconds to this motion?”

• Make sure to read out the motion just afterward to clarify with the delegate, and so people understand what it is about.

Motion passes

“Seeing more votes in favor/no objections this motion passes, delegate of X, do you wish to speak first or last in this moderated caucus?”

• Always make sure to keep track of who is speaking in Mod Caucuses, stops you from accidentally choosing spoken people and stops confusion.

Chair chooses someone to speak

“All those delegates who wish to speak in this moderated caucus please raise your placards now, *time choosing* delegate of X, you have the floor”

• Don’t let them raise their placards before now.

Delegate is done speaking and it is ready to choose the next delegate

“Thank you delegate, all those wishing to speak raise your placards now”

Motion Fails

“Seeing more votes against/no seconds this motion fails”

• If there are more motions to vote upon go to them, otherwise if that was the last motion to vote on and it has failed, then go to the general speaker’s list.

Delegate motions with a fault in their motion i.e ask for a 25min caucus

“Delegate you cannot motion for a moderated caucus of total duration over 20 minutes, would 15 minutes be more reasonable?”

• Always try and suggest something to overcome the fault a delegate makes, will make the process a lot smoother.

Moderated Caucus ends

“Thank you delegate, The time for this moderated caucus has elapsed” 

If you want to open the floor again for motions go to opening the floor, otherwise, go back to the general speaker’s list.

Unmoderated Caucuses

Delegate Motions for an Unmoderated Caucus, duration of 20 minutes

“Thank you delegate, this is in order, the delegate has motioned for an Unmoderated Caucus of total duration 20 minutes, are there any seconds to this motion?”

• Make sure to stress the “UN” in unmoderated caucus, so delegates understand

Motion Passes

“The motion has passed, we are now in an unmoderated caucus for 20 minutes, delegates can get up from their seats and discuss with each other, however, we would like to ask delegates not to leave the room”

Motion has failed

“The motion has failed”

If there are more motions to vote on then the Chair should motion on them, otherwise go to the general speaker’s list

Time has elapsed for the unmoderated caucus

“Delegates *bang gavel*, your time has elapsed, please take your seats”

Writing Papers and Introducing Documentation

Now, the debate is going smoothly. Delegates are bringing up points, discussing them around and reaching some sort of conclusion that requires writing them down. Of course, firstly you need a working paper, not quite formal enough to be a draft resolution, but better than just aimlessly shouting out ideas. 

It’s important to plan these stages too. Working papers should be appearing relative soon in the whole debate because it’s only from there can the debate really becomes substantive. You might want to think of it like this, 1/3 of the committee pure debating, 1/3 of the committee drafting, 1/3 of the committee amending and voting. In this style, we are now in the 2nd third of the committee, let’s see what we have to say!

Working Papers

Firstly, Working papers do not need to be in any specific format, and don’t need a motion to be introduced. However, they do need chair approval and a way to be disseminated to the committee. Therefore, you probably want them sent via email for you to look at, then put onto either a google drive that everyone has access to, or a facebook group to put them on.

Delegate submits a working paper and it is approved:

“Delegates, we have received one working paper from the Delegate of X, this working paper is approved and has been added to the (whatever you’re using to share). This working paper will now be known as working paper 1.1”

• Note that if you are on the first topic, the first number is 1, if you are on the second topic, the first number is 2
• Also, the second number relates to the number of working papers, 1.1 is the first WP of the first topic, 1.2 is the second WP of the first topic, ect…

You can have multiple working papers, but try not to have too many, because the main act of working papers is a bridge to the draft resolution

Draft Resolutions

Draft resolutions are where the real substance comes in. They require a specific format (a good example is found on WiseMee  here ) and require some level of motioning to introduce and some extra motions afterward. In brief, a Draft Resolution needs signatories (and sometimes sponsors) and will need some back and forth on the clauses to make sure that they are formatted properly and are all correct. However, once a Draft Resolution is all formatted correctly and ready to introduce, then that’s where we start

A Draft Resolution has been submitted and is ready to be introduced

“Delegates, we have received one Draft resolution from the delegate of X, this draft resolution is ready to be introduced”

• You need to “approve” the DR first before it can be properly introduced

Motion to introduce the Draft Resolution is called by a delegate

“Delegates, a motion to introduce Draft Resolution 1.1 has been raised, this motion does not require seconds nor a vote, and thereby passes automatically, it has been uploaded to the Drive, would the sponsors of the resolution please like to read out the operative clauses of the resolution”

• So a few things, firstly the numbering is the same as for Working Papers
• Secondly, depending on ROPs you might not need seconds or a vote, but motion is always needed, and it is very rare for a motion to introduce a DR is ever failed
• Thirdly the resolution does need to be read out, unless you are pressed for time

Motion for a Question and Answer Session is called

“Delegates, there has been a motion for a Question and Answer session on Draft Resolution 1.1, could the sponsors of the resolution please come up to the dais. They will have 10 minutes to answer any technical questions about the resolution”

• This motion is only in order straight after the introduction of a resolution, and it’s also good to mention this after the resolution is introduced
• In addition, this Q&A session should NOT be about the substance of the resolution, just technicalities such as clarification of wording ect… 

Amendments are always the hardest part of the committee to get right. By the time you’re at this stage you’ve had 2 days debating and endless drafting. Still, amendments are some of the most important parts of the committee as it allows for constructive debate towards the end. 

The ROPs regarding amendments are almost ALWAYS different too, so I would ask you to take this section with a grain of salt. Here I’m going to use what I call UNA-USA Simplified. For a brief rundown:

Amendments need to be sent in and do one of three things, Modify, Strike (delete) or Add a Clause. You can only do ONE of these per amendment. They must be sent digitally and approved first before being able to be introduced

There are two types of amendments, Friendly and Unfriendly, Friendly amendments are those with all the sponsors of the resolution as signatories to the amendment. When Friendlies are approved and then introduced through a motion, they are automatically put into effect.

UNfriendlies require signatories to the amendment and are not approved by all sponsors. Therefore when they are introduced via a motion there are 2 speakers in favour and 2 against, then a vote to introduce it. 

If all else fails, relying on this method will save you time and energy, but for a more comprehensive overview, do check your MUNs ROPs as it will be different.

After an amendment has been sent and is approvable

“Delegates, we have received one (Friendly/unfriendly)  amendment from the delegate of X, this amendment is ready to be introduced as Amendment 1.1. “

• Number for an amendment is dependent on which topic and how many have preceded it, 1.1 is the first, 1.2 the second ect…

Motion to introduce Amendment 1.1 (which is friendly) is raised

“This motion is on order, are there any seconds?”

*Seconds and no objections, motion passes*

*Chair briefly reads out amendment*

“Sponsors of resolution 1.1, (read out the sponsors), are you all in favour of this amendment?”

*They all say yes*

“This amendment is therefore automatically introduced into the draft resolution 1.1”

Motion to introduce Amendment 1.1 (which is unfriendly) is raised

“This motion is in order, are there any seconds to this motion?”

*Motion passes*

*Chair Reads out the amendment*

“We will now take two delegates who wish to speak in favor of this amendment, and two against. All those wishing to speak in favor of this amendment please raise your placards now”

*Chair chooses 2 speakers to speak in favor, adds to a speakers list*

“All those wishing to speak against this amendment please raise your placards now”

*Chair chooses 2 speakers to speak against, adds to a speakers list, alternatives speakers so it is for, against, for and against*

“Delegate of X, you have the floor for 60 seconds speaking in favor of this amendment”

*The rest of the speeches occur*

“We will now close the debate on the amendment and move swiftly to the voting procedure on amendment 1.1, remember delegates this is a substantive vote, so the options to vote are in favor, against and abstain. If you declared yourself present and voting, you cannot abstain. All those in favor raise your placards now”

*Delegate raise, e.g.  10 in favor, 9 against, 2 abstentions*

“With 10 in favor, 9 against and 2 abstentions this motion passes, it will be added to the draft resolution shortly”

Voting Procedure

Now you’re done! You have a good draft resolution, it’s been amended enough and you’re on the home stretch. There’s no substantive debate left, maybe some competing draft resolutions but it’s time now to move to voting procedure. This part can be very complicated for delegates, so it is important to explain at every stage what’s necessary. You can look at it like this, firstly you close debate and move to voting, then there are a few motions you can do firstly, then you vote. Simple enough, but believe me, it can get confusing.

Moving to Voting

The floor is open and there is a motion to close debate and move to the voting procedure

“This is in order, this motion does not require seconds or objections but a 2/3rds procedural vote in favour, all those in favour please raise your placards now”

*The 2/3rds threshold is met*

“Delegates we are now in voting procedure, the use of electronics is forbidden and the doors are now locked”

*Close the doors, make sure that no-one has their laptops open*

– Sometimes there is also a 5 or 10-minute unmod caucus when this happens, to give people time to do some final lobbying, check your ROPs

Motions during the voting procedure

This is where the delegates get really confused. Everyone imagines that voting procedure just means voting on the resolution, but there is a lot more to do here. Firstly, you want to explain to the delegates that only one resolution can pass and if there are multiple resolutions, what numbers they are and who the sponsors are.

Next, start explaining the motions they can do. Some are obvious, like the motion to vote by roll call, but some are very much not, such as dividing the question. Take this part slowly and make sure EVERYONE knows what is happening.

Motion to vote by Roll Call

Motion to vote by roll call is raised

“This is in order and does not require a vote and is passed automatically”

Motion to reorder the draft resolutions

Motion to reorder the draft resolutions is raised

“This is in order, there is a motion to reorder the draft resolutions. Firstly we will vote on whether we wish to reorder the draft resolutions and if this passes, we will take motions for how they should be reordered, any seconds for reordering the draft resolutions ”

*This motion passes*

“We will now be taking ways to reorder the draft resolutions, any delegate who wishes to propose a method of reordering the draft resolutions please raise your placards now”

*There are 3 resolutions, and 2 ways are suggested, voting on them 2,1,3 and voting on the 3,2,1*

“These methods of reordering have been noted, all those in favor of reordering the draft resolutions to vote on them 3,2,1 please raise your placards”

*This fails*

“All those in favor of reordering the resolutions to vote on them 2,1,3 please raise your placards”

*This passes*

“We will, therefore, be voting on the resolutions in the order of Draft resolution 1.2, then 1.1, then 1.3, however the first resolution to pass will be the final resolution and all the others will be discarded”

• Important to note here is that you vote on the order of reordering the resolutions on how disruptive they are, e.g how different they are to the starting order of 1,2,3.
• You should always take this motion before taking a motion to divide the question, because dividing the question is always related to dividing the draft resolution NEXT to be voted upon

Motion to Divide the Question

Motion to divide the question on the next to be voted draft resolution is raised

“This motion is in order, this motion requires a simple majority to pass, once it passes, we will begin accepting ways to divide the questions. Once there are no more ways to divide the question suggested, we will then vote on these ways by most disruptive, with voting clause by clause being most disruptive”

*motion to divide the question passes”

“This motion has passed, we are now accepting ways to divide the question, if you wish to raise a motion for a way to divide the draft resolution please raise your placard now, please keep in the mind only one way to divide the question will ultimately be used”

*2 ways to divide are raised, one clause by clause and the other in 2 sections*

“We will now vote on these ways to divide the question, starting with voting clause by clause, all those in favor of dividing the question in this method please raise your placards now”

*This method passes*

“This method of dividing the question passes and therefore the other method will be discarded, when we go onto voting on the draft resolution, we shall, therefore, vote clause by clause on each operative clause of the Draft resolution with a substantive simple majority vote. Any clauses that fail this vote will be discarded and all those that pass will be reconstituted into a new draft resolution which will then be voted on as a whole”

• As you can see, this is a mighty complicated motion, but as always, take it slow and the delegates should be fine
• Be aware the procedure for this is also very different in many conferences
• Also, if the draft resolution that has been divided on fails, and there is another to vote upon, a motion to divide the question for this resolution can be raised too. Imagine in between the voting that everything is reset

Normal Voting

Well now you’re done with that, it’s time for the voting procedure finally! This might be repeated a few times but it’s unlikely to take long. In the normal voting procedure, you merely do the voting via raised placards and entertain In favour, Against or Abstentions. Make sure to check the roll call at the beginning of the session for who made themselves present and voting

“We are now moving onto the voting procedure for Draft Resolution 1.2, All those in favor raise your placards now”

*12 raise their placards*

“All those against raise your placards now”

*7 raise their placards*

“And all those abstaining*

*2 raise their placards*

“With 12 in favor, 7 against and 2 abstentions, this Draft Resolution passes and all others are discarded, clapping is now in order”

• Note that because we reordered the draft resolutions earlier, Draft resolution 1.2 is the first we vote on

Roll-Call voting

In roll-call voting, the situation is similar except you have to go round every delegate and ask whether they are voting in favor, against, Yes with rights, No with rights, Abstaining or Passing. 

“We are now moving onto the voting procedure for Draft Resolution 1.2, Delegate of A how do you vote”

*Votes In favor*

“Delegate of B how do you vote”

“Delegate of C how do you vote”

*Votes in Favour*

*goes through all other delegates, returns to Delegate of B*

“Delegate of B, do you vote in favor or against”

*Votes Against*

*More votes in favor than against*

“With 12 votes in favor, 7 against and 2 abstentions, this draft resolution passes, all others are discarded and clapping is in order”

Moving to the next topic

If there is another topic to discuss, and enough time to do it, then a motion to set the agenda is once again in order

Motion to set the agenda to topic B is set

“This is in order, seeing no other topic to set the agenda to this motion will immediately go to seconds, are there any seconds?”

*There are seconds, no objections*

“This motion passes, the Agenda has now been set to topic B, the floor is open for points and motions, and the chairs would look favorably on a motion to open the general speaker’s list”

• Return to the section on the general speaker’s list and go from there!

Ending the debate

Once you are done with your topics and resolutions, then the time has come to end the debate. This is to be done after the last draft resolution has been passed, or all have failed, and there are no more topics or time to be discussed.

Adjourning Debate

Motion to adjourn debate I raised

“This is in order, this motion requires a 2/3rds majority to pass and does not need seconds or objections, all those in favor of adjourning the debate please raise your placards now”

*Motion passess*

“Delegates the meeting has been adjourned”

• Note this motion can also be used at the end of the day to in effect suspend debate until the next day, but is also used to adjourn until the next edition of the conference

After the debate

Well now the debating is done, it’s time to relax, cool down and have some fun. At this point, many committees might do superlatives or funny awards, get to signing placards and also get feedback from chairs.  Revel in the enjoyment you had and the good and bad times. 

Points, General Phrases and What to do when delegates strike

Now here are some phrases that might come all the time in the committee, and are available at almost every point in the committee.

Point of Parliamentary Inquiry is raised

“Delegate, please rise and state your inquiry”

• Make sure to be friendly with the delegate, they’re only trying to understand what’s happening
• That said make sure they’re not using this to make a silly point or just throwing shade on other delegates

Point or Personal Privilege is raised

“Delegate, please rise and state what the issue is”

Point of Order is raised

“Delegate, please rise and state what your point of order is”

*Delegate raises point of order e.g. missed doing seconds and objections*

“Thank you for your point of order, you are correct and we would therefore like to take seconds and objections”

• Most of the time points of orders might be mistaken, but don’t discourage them because we chairs do get things wrong quite a lot

Point of Order is raised, refuted and delegate raises a motion to appeal the decision of the chair

“This is in order, delegate please state why you think this motion should be overturned”

*Delegate speaks, then chairperson speaks in defense of their decision*

“This appeal will now be taken to a vote, a two-thirds majority to pass, all those in favour of overturning the decision of the chair”

*Motion fails*

  – This motion almost never gets raised, but it is important to know of

Delegate motions for a Right to Reply after a damaging speech to themselves

“This is in order, delegate you have 30 seconds off-the-record to reply to the comment made by the delegate of Y”

• This shouldn’t be used all the time and generally you should discourage angry arguments and delegates

Suspending Debate

Motion to suspend debate is raised

“This is in order, are there any seconds to the motion to suspend the debate?”

*motion passes*

“The debate is now suspended, please make sure to return at XX:XX”

When delegates strike back

Delegate is speaking over time

“Delegate, please return to your seat, your time has elapsed”

* Bang gavel if still not sitting down*

Delegate makes rude comments during speech

“Delegate, please remain courteous and polite during speeches, rudeness will not be tolerated and can result in suspension from the debate”

Delegates are talking during another speech

“Delegates no cross-talking”

Delegates say “I” too many times

“Delegate please remember to avoid personal pronouns”

And there we have it! I hope that this chairing script can help you to master the basics of chairing and also inspire you to use more authoritative language that chairs are known to use! 

Remember, the rules of procedure used in this script are not standard, and each MUN uses their own, make sure to check up before the conference what those ROPs are about, and how they will affect the words and procedure you use!

Best of luck with all your  chairing experiences !

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