phd degree meaning in tamil

Ph.D. in Tamil

• About Course

In order to get a Ph.D. in Tamil, you should have a master's degree or equivalent. There are many advantages to pursuing a Ph.D. in this language. You will get the opportunity to travel and explore Tamil culture, while also developing a research attitude. This is a three to five-year doctoral-level course, which covers Tamil language history, evolution, literature, and culture in detail. The degree will allow you to become a scholar and a renowned researcher.

The Ph.D. in Tamil program teaches the language, its literature, and its culture. The course is designed to help candidates with research attitudes and grow their knowledge of the language. Students will study all forms of Tamil literature, history, and literature, as well as the history of the language and culture. Furthermore, the program will give the candidate knowledge of the Kannada language and culture. This is a fantastic opportunity for those with an interest in the language.

A Ph.D. in Tamil is an excellent degree for those who are passionate about the language. This degree will open up many career opportunities for you. Depending on your area of study, you may have the chance to work as a journalist, an editor, or a blogger. Whatever your job interests maybe, a Ph.D. in Tamil can help you earn a good living.

A Ph.D. in Tamil is a three to the five-year course in which students study the language. You will study all forms of Tamil literature, from ancient to modern, and even learn the evolution of the language.

Eligibility:

Candidates who want to take admission in Ph.D. must have a post-graduate degree in Sanskrit with at least 55% marks from a recognized university and must have passed the national level entrance examination or university level entrance examination. National level entrance exams like UGC NET / UGC CSIR NET / GATE / SLET or University entrance exams consist of written tests and personal interviews.

The Benefits of Ph.D. in Tamil

The Doctorate of Philosophy in Tamil is a degree awarded to candidates who are interested in studying Tamil literature and doing research. The Ph.D. in Tamil program is a three-year program that provides students with a solid grounding in contemporary studies of the language. It also enables candidates to research any topic of their choice. A Ph.D. degree in Tamil allows the student to develop critical thinking skills, learn about research methodologies, and apply knowledge of the language to further their careers. The program will teach students how to conduct research and analyze literature, as well as the language.

A Ph.D. in Tamil degree is a great way to deepen your knowledge of the language and its history . The language is rich in history and is a popular medium of art, but there are also opportunities for students to explore contemporary media and culture. It allows them to conduct their own research and study their chosen topic. A Ph.D. in Tamil is also a valuable way to expand their professional horizons and advance in their field.

In addition to offering graduate-level education, a Ph.D. in Tamil will enable students to conduct research in the language and conduct research in various fields. A Ph.D. degree in Tamil also helps candidates to develop a strong understanding of contemporary Tamil literature and culture. Besides being a good option to advance your career, a Ph.D. will also give you access to research-intensive knowledge in a chosen field. In this way, it will open up new avenues for study, and will also enhance your job prospects.

For those who wish to pursue a Ph.D. in Tamil, the program will allow them to take advanced courses in cultural history and the media. In addition, it will allow candidates to read and research extensively in the language and to conduct research on the topic of their choice. Furthermore, a Ph.D. will help them gain research skills, improve their proficiency in the language, and broaden their horizons. The program will also prepare them for an academic career in a different field.

Career and future scope of Ph.D. in Tamil

The ca reer prospects of a Ph.D. in Tamil depend on the field of specialization. In most cases, the job profile of a Ph.D. graduate is in academia. However, many industries have not yet developed the capacity to absorb highly trained personnel. Therefore, employment opportunities in other fields are limited. The Ph.D. in Tamil offers a variety of opportunities. Once you have finished your degree program, you'll have many job options in different fields. You can also teach at a university or a college and become a teacher. Some graduates choose to become professors. Others decide to enter a consulting firm. In some areas, they might even work as remote sensing guides.

After earning your Ph.D., you'll be well prepared for a variety of positions. If you are a research assistant, you may be able to design new remote sensing equipment and help organizations meet their goals. You can also become a topographer or a cartographer. During your study, you'll also be able to pursue fieldwork with organizations like the Geological Survey of India and the Archaeological Survey of India. You can use your expertise to help the people in these fields. You might even become a population development guide.

A Ph.D. in Tamil is a doctorate degree that provides job opportunities in a variety of fields. After you've completed your studies, you can apply for jobs in many areas. There are many career options after getting a certificate of completion of your course. In some areas, it is possible to become a professor or lecturer. The possibilities are limitless. There are no boundaries to what a Ph.D. in Tamil can accomplish.

Course Duration:

Course fees:.

Eligibility

Masters degree + the candidates should have cleared the Entrance test conducted by the respective university.

Type of Course

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• doctorate meaning in tamil

doctorate meaning in tamil with example

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Translation of "PhD" into Tamil

Sample translated sentence: The schemes under which a thousand bright minds from the best institutions in the country will be offered direct admission in PhD program in IITs and IISC. ↔ இதன் கீழ் நாட்டின் தலைச் சிறந்த நிறுவனங்களில் மிகச் சிறந்த அறிவாற்றல் உள்ள ஆயிரம் பேரைத் தேர்ந்தெடுத்து ஐஐடி மற்றும் ஐஐஎஸ்சி ஆகியவற்றில் பி.எச்டி பட்டப்படிப்புக்கு நேரடி சேர்க்கை அளிக்கப்படும்.

Alternative form of [i]Ph.D. [/i] [..]

Automatic translations of " PhD " into Tamil

"phd" in english - tamil dictionary.

Currently we have no translations for PhD in the dictionary, maybe you can add one? Make sure to check automatic translation, translation memory or indirect translations.

Computer generated translations

முனைவர் பட்டம் (@14 : fr: doctorat es: doctorado de: Doktorgrad )

மருத்துவர் (@6 : fr: docteur es: doctor de: Doktor )

துப்பு (@1 : ja: はく )

கக்கு (@1 : ja: はく )

Translations with alternative spelling

"phd" in English - Tamil dictionary

Currently we have no translations for phd in the dictionary, maybe you can add one? Make sure to check automatic translation, translation memory or indirect translations.

முனைவர் பட்டம் (@1 : ar: دكتوراه )

Translations of "PhD" into Tamil in sentences, translation memory

English Tamil Dictionary | இங்கிலீஷ் தமிழ் நிகண்டு

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doctorate - Meaning in Tamil

• முனைவர் பட்டம்

doctorate Word Forms & Inflections

Definitions and meaning of doctorate in english, doctorate noun.

• doctor's degree

Synonyms of doctorate

A doctorate or doctoral degree is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities and some other educational institutions, derived from the ancient formalism licentia docendi .

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What is doctorate meaning in Tamil, doctorate translation in Tamil, doctorate definition, pronunciations and examples of doctorate in Tamil.

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• Admissions - Ph.D. Programmes

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Ph.D. Tamil

Doctorate of philosophy in tamil, ph.d. tamil 2024 - 2025 admissions/application enquiry, ph.d. tamil - colleges & admission notifications.

Find the list of colleges offering Ph.D. Tamil course. Check out individual college websites to know more about the admission for 2024 - 2025 academic year. You may download the application form and course details from the official college website.

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PhD in Tamil Admission 2024, Application Fees, Course & Fees Details, Job Prospects and Career Options

Doctorate of philosophy in tamil.

Doctor of Philosophy

Postgraduate Degree in a Relevant Discipline With Minimum 55% Marks ( 50% for SC/ST Candidates )

Doctorate Degree Courses

PhD Tamil,Highlights, Entrance Exam, admission, Eligibility, Duration, Selection Criteria, How to Apply, Application Form, Application Process, fee, Syllabus,Salary and Jobs,career opportunities

PhD in Tamil is a research-based doctoral program that focuses on the study of Tamil language, literature, and culture. Tamil is one of the oldest and most widely spoken languages in India, with a rich history and literature that spans over thousands of years. The PhD program in Tamil provides students with an opportunity to study the language, literature, and culture in depth, and to contribute to the field through original research.

Eligibility: The eligibility criteria for admission to a PhD program in Tamil may vary depending on the institution, but generally, students should have a Master's degree in Tamil or a related field with a minimum percentage of marks specified by the institution.

Duration: The duration of a PhD program in Tamil is typically 3-5 years, depending on the research work involved and the policies of the institution.

Coursework: The coursework for a PhD program in Tamil may vary depending on the institution and the research topic. However, it typically involves a combination of core courses and elective courses in Tamil literature, language, and culture.

Research: Research is a key component of a PhD program in Tamil. Students are expected to conduct original research in their chosen field, which may involve the collection and analysis of data, critical analysis of existing literature, and the development of new theories and concepts.

Career Opportunities: Graduates of a PhD program in Tamil can pursue academic careers as professors or researchers in universities and colleges. They can also work as translators, writers, editors, or journalists in the media industry. Additionally, they can work in government organizations, cultural institutions, and non-profit organizations that promote Tamil language and culture.

Overall, a PhD program in Tamil provides students with a deep understanding of Tamil language, literature, and culture, and prepares them for careers in academia, research, and various other fields.

PhD Tamil highlights

PhD in Tamil is a research-based doctoral program that focuses on the study of Tamil language, literature, and culture. Here are some highlights of the program:

Research focus: The PhD program in Tamil is research-oriented and requires students to conduct original research in their chosen field. This provides students with the opportunity to contribute to the field of Tamil studies and advance knowledge in the discipline.

Language and literature: The program focuses on the study of Tamil language, literature, and culture, providing students with a deep understanding of the language and its rich literary history.

Coursework: The coursework for a PhD program in Tamil typically includes core and elective courses in Tamil literature, language, and culture. This helps students develop a strong foundation in the subject and prepares them for their research work.

Career opportunities: Graduates of a PhD program in Tamil can pursue careers in academia, research, and various other fields. They can work as professors, researchers, translators, writers, editors, journalists, and in cultural and non-profit organizations that promote Tamil language and culture.

Contribution to society: The study of Tamil language, literature, and culture is an important part of preserving and promoting the rich cultural heritage of Tamil Nadu and South India. Graduates of the program can contribute to society by advancing knowledge in the field and promoting Tamil language and culture.

PhD Tamil Entrance Exam and Admission: The admission process for a PhD program in Tamil may vary depending on the institution. Some institutions may require candidates to appear for an entrance exam followed by an interview. The entrance exam may test the candidate's knowledge of Tamil language, literature, and culture. Candidates who qualify the entrance exam may be invited for an interview, after which they may be offered admission to the program.

PhD Tamil Eligibility: The eligibility criteria for admission to a PhD program in Tamil may vary depending on the institution. However, in general, candidates should have a Master's degree in Tamil or a related field with a minimum percentage of marks specified by the institution.

PhD Tamil Duration: The duration of a PhD program in Tamil is typically 3-5 years, depending on the research work involved and the policies of the institution.

PhD Tamil Selection Criteria: The selection criteria for a PhD program in Tamil may include the candidate's performance in the entrance exam and interview, academic qualifications, research experience, and any other relevant factors specified by the institution.

PhD Tamil How to Apply: Candidates interested in applying for a PhD program in Tamil should visit the website of the institution offering the program and check the admission requirements and application process. They may be required to submit an online application form along with supporting documents such as academic transcripts, research proposal, and reference letters. Candidates should ensure that they meet the eligibility criteria before applying and should follow the instructions provided by the institution to complete the application process.

PhD Tamil Application Form and Process: The application form and process for a PhD program in Tamil may vary depending on the institution. Candidates should visit the website of the institution offering the program and follow the instructions provided to complete the application process. They may be required to submit an online application form along with supporting documents such as academic transcripts, research proposal, and reference letters. Candidates should ensure that they meet the eligibility criteria before applying and should pay the application fee specified by the institution.

PhD Tamil Fee: The fee for a PhD program in Tamil may vary depending on the institution and the duration of the program. Candidates should check the website of the institution offering the program for details on the fee structure and payment options.

PhD Tamil Syllabus: The syllabus for a PhD program in Tamil may vary depending on the institution and the research topic. However, it typically includes core and elective courses in Tamil language, literature, and culture, as well as research methodology and data analysis. The syllabus may also include a research project or thesis, which is a key component of the program.

PhD Tamil Salary and Jobs: Graduates of a PhD program in Tamil can pursue careers in academia, research, and various other fields. The salary and job opportunities for graduates may vary depending on the institution and the field of work. In academia, graduates can work as professors or researchers in universities and colleges. They can also work as translators, writers, editors, or journalists in the media industry. Additionally, they can work in government organizations, cultural institutions, and non-profit organizations that promote Tamil language and culture. The salary for graduates may also vary depending on the field of work and the experience of the candidate.

PhD Tamil Career Opportunities: A PhD in Tamil can open up a wide range of career opportunities for graduates. Some of the career opportunities include:

Government officer

Cultural institution officer

Non-profit organization officer

Heritage conservationist

Overall, a PhD program in Tamil provides students with a deep understanding of Tamil language, literature, and culture, and prepares them for careers in academia, research, and various other fields. Graduates can also contribute to society by advancing knowledge in the field and promoting Tamil language and culture.

Ph.D. (Tamil) is a doctoral level course. It provide study related to contemporary cultural history on the basis of modern media and print audio and electronic operating today. During the study time candidates learn about the Tamil’s language evolution and contribution of many people for such a long period. The literature courses provide an insight into a range of literary genres, periods and styles. The course involves Major components such as Literary Criticism, Fiction, Poetry/ Drama, Philosophy, Linguistics and Literature. Tamil is a official language of the Indian state Tamil Nadu, spoken by the Tamil people of India and Sri Lanka, and by the Tamil diaspora, Sri Lankan Moors, Douglas, and Chindians. After its successful completion candidates have various job opportunities in various fields.   

Ph.D. (Tamil) Admission Process:

Admission to the Ph.D. program shall be based on the students marks obtained in the entrance test conducted by the respective department or school of the particular university or institute. Those candidates who have complete GATE/NET/SET/ M.Phil/JRF Examination in the pertinent subject of the apex bodies as CSIR/UGC/ICAR/ICMR/DBT will be exempted from the Entrance Test. While giving the exemption, the Departmental Committee of the institute may consider research work/earlier Ph.D./experience done by the student. If a student already holds a Doctors degree in a relevant subject from a UGC Approved University or Institute, he/she may be exempted from entrance exam and pre Ph.D. coursework. After clearing the both steps the student will be eligible to pay course fee or registration fee. Only the predetermined number of candidates may be admitted to Ph.D. programme.

Ph.D. (Tamil) Employ Zone:

• Business Houses
• Consultancies
• Educational Institutes
• Foreign Affairs
• Field Research Firms
• Financial Organizations
• Industrial Houses
• Lobbying Firms
• Marketing Research Firms
• Municipal Planning
• Multinational Companies
• Public Works
• Publishing Firms
• Political Organizations

Ph.D. (Tamil) Job Position:

• Multimedia Reporter
• Tamil Translator and Interpreter
• Tamil Teacher
• Tamil Linguist

PH.D. ADMISSION PROCEDURE

• Application for the entrance exam 
•  Result declaration
• Entrance pass scholar calling for the interview and document verification
• Provisional registration for pre Ph.D. course work classes
• Coursework classes shall be attended as scheduled by University
• Course work examination
• Result declaration of coursework
• Submission of synopsis ( 2 spiral bound copies with soft copy of synopsis)
• Departmental research committee meeting scheduled by University
• A registration letter shall be issued
• Research work started by scholar
• 6 progress reports shall be submitted
• Soft copy thesis submit
• plagiarism report check by the university
• Final after the plagiarism report soft copy thesis shall be sent to experts for evaluation
• After the consent of experts pre-submission, one set spiral binding shall be submitted
• After the successful presentation of the pre-submission thesis 3 copies of hard bound thesis shall be  submitted
• Viva shall be conducted as scheduled by University, Degree Awarded.

DOCUMENTS CHECKLIST

•  Documents (10th onwards)
• Aadhar Card/Pan Card, Caste Certificate
• Migration Certificate (Original)
• NOC (From Organization/ Institute/ University)
• Affidavit (undertaking)
• Guide Willing
• Assignments
• Synopsis (3 copies), Progress Report
• Library No Dues
• Thesis Hard copy (Spiral binding)
• No Dues, Thesis (6 hard copies)
• Affidavit -Submission (on Rs 100 Stamp and Notary Attested)
• C.D Soft copies (Thesis & Synopsis)
• Conference Certificate - 2
• Research Papers -2 (with ISSN No.)
• summary (page limit 20-30) -3 Copies 
• Plagiarism Report Below 10%

FAQs About Ph.D. Program 

Q.1 - What is the procedure for Ph.D.? Admission to the University?

ANSWER : - The Ph.D. and M.Phil. programs of prestigious Universities are conducted and guided strictly as per the provisions and regulations dictated by the UGC (Minimum Standards and Procedure for Award of Ph.D./M.Phil. Degrees) (1st Amendment) Regulations, 2018 and subsequent amendments. The entire procedure for admission to the research programs encompasses a Research Entrance Exam (RET) and then an Interview/Viva Voce. The performance of a candidate in the RET is given 70% weightage, and the remaining 30% weightage is given to his/her performance at the Interview.

Q.2 - What are the modes of pursuing M.Phil. & Ph.D. programs at the University?

ANSWER : -Both the full-time and part-time modes are available at University for pursuing its Ph.D. programs and only the full-time mode is available for M.Phil. program in the desired subjects/fields. These highly-qualitative and prolific research programs are available in a rather broad range of fields/subjects. At University, the minimum time duration of the M.Phil. and Ph.D. programs is 1.5 Years and 3 Years, respectively, in general.

Q.3 - Are the Ph.D. and M.Phil. Degrees granted by any University valid abroad?

ANSWER : -Yes, of course. If the University is properly recognized under section 2(f) of the UGC Act of 1956 and is a prestigious member of the AIU (the Association of Indian Universities). It is an M.Phil. and Ph.D. degrees granted in various fields/subjects are duly valid across India and the world.

Q.4 - What are the main eligibility criteria for participating in the University Research Entrance Exam (RET)?

ANSWER : -The following are the main eligibility conditions for participating in the RET: - A rigorous Master’s Degree in the proposed subject/field obtained from any recognized university/institution located in India or abroad, with a minimum 55% marks in aggregate or an equivalent grade. Candidates belonging to SC/ST/OBC/Differently-abled categories are given a 5% relaxation in respect of this eligibility criterion. Candidates with an M.Phil. degree in the proposed field/subject, or have qualified for the UGC (JRF) Examinations/ NET/ SET/ SELT, etc., will be allowed to appear directly for the interview, without appearing in the RET. Impressive academic records, and any prior experience in research work, will be given additional advantages.

Q.5 - What relaxations are granted to the reserved categories for Ph.D.? Admission to the University?

ANSWER : - Candidates belonging to the categories of SC/ST/OBC (Non-Creamy layer)/Differently-Abled, and so on, are given all relaxations prescribed by the Govt. of India and the UGC. These relaxations are provided in form of 5% reduced marks for them at post-graduation, and also in the minimum qualifying marks at RET. Thus, candidates belonging to these categories only need to score a minimum of 45% marks at RET, to qualify for the final interview.

Q.6 - How will be the pattern of RET?

ANSWER : - The syllabus or pattern of RET consists of subject-specific matters, research methodology, and aptitude (covering logical reasoning, numerical ability, analytical reasoning, statistics, etc.).Thus, RET will contain a total of 70 multiple-choice questions (MCQs).

Q.7 - Are M.Phil. Holders/UGC- NET (including JRF)/ UGC-CSIR NET (including JRF)/ SLET/ GATE exempted from appearing at RET?

ANSWER : - Yes. The holders of M.Phil. degrees in their respective fields/subjects are made exempt from appearing in RET. The same is the situation in cases of aspiring candidates who have qualified exams like UGC-NET (including JRF)/ UGC-CSIR NET (including JRF)/ SLET/ GATE, etc.

Q.8 - How is the application fee paid?

ANSWER : - The Application Fee (i.e. the fee for getting participated in RET) can be paid online or offline, like the Application Form. Payment Modes: DD (in Favor of the University) / NEFT/ Cash Deposit.

Q.9 - Do working candidates require to obtain NOC from employers for pursuing research at any University?

ANSWER : - Yes, necessarily. Working Professionals who are interested in research at any University are required to obtain the NOC (No Objection Certificate) from their respective employers, in order to avert any intrusion ever during the entire doctoral course.

Q.10 - Does an M.Phil. holder require to undergo Ph.D. coursework?

ANSWER : - Yes. M.Phil. holders are again required to undergo the coursework in Ph.D. at some Universities. However, their prior knowledge in the field/subject will be very supportive to them for learning and performing efficiently during the Ph.D. program.

Q.11 - Can I pay the yearly program/course fee in installments?

ANSWER : - Yes, you can pay the yearly course fee as many as in two installments, but well within the yearly session.

Q.12 - Does Any University provide any scholarship or stipend to pursuing scholars?

ANSWER : - Yes, of course. Many Universities offer scholarships as well as stipends to meritorious and talented candidates who undertake research studies at the University. Scholarships are granted to those candidates who come under the top 21 by scoring higher marks in RET and interviews. And, stipends are provided to those scholars who also give lectures to UG or PG students at the University, in addition to doing their Ph.D. coursework. The amount of the monthly stipend will be commensurate with the candidate’s qualifications and capabilities and may go up to Rs. 20,000.

Q.13 - What other many facilities are provided to research scholars at the University Campus?

ANSWER : - All necessary and constructive resources, amenities, and facilities are offered by well-established and prestigious universities to research scholars in various streams/subjects. These facilities include the following - spacious and peaceful study rooms, erudite and well-experienced academicians and research experts, Wi-Fi and diverse IT devices, state-of-the-art laboratories, well-stocked libraries, lavish R&D amenities, separate amenities for lodging and foods for male and female candidates, peaceful and constructive environment within the university campus, and many other comforting and convenient facilities and services.

Documents Required For PhD in Tamil Admission

• Migration Certificate (No objection certificate from the University last attended)
• Passing/Degree certificate of the last qualifying degree examination
• Mark-list of the last qualifying degree examination
• Character certificate (from the head of the Institute from which the student has obtained his qualifying degree.
• Documentary proof for date of birth
• Gap certificate (if applicable)
• Research Proposal *
• No objection certificate from the employer (if employed)

NOTE:- Students are requested to note that their application will not be considered for admission if the above certificates are not enclosed with their application.

PhD in Tamil: Course Highlights

Given below are few of the important highlights of the program.

PhD in Tamil: Syllabus

Syllabus of Doctor of Philosophy as prescribed by various Universities and Colleges.

Colleges offering PhD in Tamil in India

Mentioned below are some states in India that offer the program.

Top Colleges 2024

Madhav University - MU

SunRise University - SRU

Indira Gandhi National Open University - IGNOU

Guru Kashi University - GKU

Maharshi Dayanand University - MDU

Pacific University - PU

Kurukshetra University - KU

Centurion University of Technology and Management - CUTM

KREA University - KU

Rajiv Gandhi University - RGU

SRM University - SU

Assam University - AU

Tezpur University - TU

Central University of South Bihar - CUSB

Mahatma Gandhi Central University - MGCU

Nalanda University - NU

Jamia millia islamia - jmi.

VIT-AP University - VU

Apex Professional University - APU

Arunachal University of Studies - AUS

Arunodaya University - AU

Himalayan University - HU

North East Frontier Technical University - NEFTU

Indira Gandhi Technological and Medical Science University - IGTMSU

Venkateshwara Open University - VOU

Assam Don Bosco University - ADBU

Assam Down Town University - ADTU

Krishnaguru Adhyatmik Visvavidyalaya - KAV

Mahapurusha Srimanta Sankaradeva Viswavidyalaya - MSSV

The Assam Kaziranga University - AKU

The Assam Royal Global University - ARGU

Amity University - AU

Dr C. V. Raman University - CVRU

Gopal Narayan Singh University - GNSU

K K University - KKU

Sandip University - SU

Ahmedabad University - AU

Anant National University - ANU

Atmiya University - AU

AURO University of Hospitality and Management - AUHM

C. U. Shah University - CUSU

Calorx Teacher's University

Charotar University of Science & Technology - CUST

Jawaharlal Nehru University - JNU

Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology - DAIICT

G.L.S. University - GU

Ganpat University - GU

Gokul Global University - GGU

GSFC University - GU

Indian Institute of Public Health - IIPH

Ph.d. thesis writing assistance/paper publication services.

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Research Higher Degrees

• About the Programme
• Areas of Concentration
• RHD By-Laws
• Find a Supervisor
• Induction Programme
• Fees & Refund Policy

Research Higher Degrees offered by the FGS-SUSL are designed to provide research training in a manner that fosters the development of independent research skills in candidates. The Master of Philosophy (MPhil) and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) programmes are advanced postgraduate degrees undertaken by research only and lead to advanced academic and theoretical knowledge in a specialist area. Both programmes are available in full and part-time modes.

Research higher degree candidates are required to make an original contribution to knowledge or understanding in their fields of study and meet recognised international standards for such work. Research should be conducted with a high level of skill in analysis and critical evaluation and should provide evidence that the candidate is familiar with and has employed the most suitable research methods and other procedures in their studies.

The intended Learning Outcomes of the MPhil Programme are that graduates will:

• Have up-to-date and in-depth knowledge in their area of specialization;
• Have acquired analytical and presentational skills appropriate to a wide range of professional activities enabling them to undertake research independently;
• Be able to integrate the literature in their area of specialization;
• Be able to utilise a range of qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods of analysis and equip themselves with the rigorous and ethical research methodologies needed to conduct high-quality research in their area of specialization;
• Be able to present informed arguments consistent with such evidence; and
• Be able to present research findings effectively in both written and oral form while complying with both ethical and academic conventions.

The intended Learning Outcomes of the PhD Programme:

Upon the completion of the program, graduates will be able to:

• Frame questions about complex problems and conduct independent research at a high level to answer those questions;
• Demonstrate knowledge of recent advances in knowledge within a specific field of research;
• Gather evidence of different kinds from different sources, and able to integrate the literature in their area of specialization;
• Analyse and evaluate their own research findings and those of others, and be able to offer critical appraisals of other research in their field;
• Utilise a range of qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods of analysis, and will be equipped with the rigorous, ethical research methodologies needed to conduct high-quality research in their area of specialization;
• Demonstrate the skills of research management, including how to access funding;
• Present informed arguments consistent with evidence; and
• Present research findings effectively in both written and oral form, while complying with both ethical and academic conventions.

Candidates who have fulfilled the entry qualifications to follow a research degree under any of the following areas of concentration should apply for registration to the respective Board of Study. The following concentration areas are offered:

Opportunity for Multidisciplinary Studies

Prospective candidates are advised to consult the Chairperson/Secretary of their proposed enrolling Board of Study to discuss opportunities available for multidisciplinary studies.

Admission to the MPhil Programme is direct. Note that except where the FGS-SUSL has given permission for direct registration for the PhD degree, each candidate shall initially register for an MPhil. Such a candidate shall not be examined for a PhD unless he/she has been upgraded in accordance with the regulations specified in the Research Higher Degrees By-Laws.

General Intake: prospective candidates can submit their applications at any time. However, the in-take for both programmes of study is twice a year, falling in February and September each year.

Special Intake: candidates who have already gained approved research grants from any local or foreign grantor to follow a Research Higher Degree leading to MPhil or PhD, can process their application at any time of the academic year.

Calling for Applications

An application for registration for the MPhil or PhD shall be invited by advertisement in the printed, electronic media and/or FGS-SUSL web portal (www.fgs-susl.edu.lk). A person who wishes to become a candidate for the MPhil or PhD must make an online application or send the hard copies of the downloaded Application Forms (RD-01 Form & RD-02 Form) including all the required documents under Registered Post to the below address.

This application shall be on the prescribed form (RD-01 Form) which details the relevant information the candidate may be required to submit, including his/her qualifications for undertaking the course of study. Admission can be progressed with scanned documents, but candidates are required to produce original documents at the time of registration.

Information Required for Application

Candidates are required to submit the following to FGS-SUSL as part of the application process:

• A proposal that details the intended MPhil or PhD research according to the required format. This should explain the research problem and identify its context in a summary of the relevant literature, clearly demonstrate the objectives of the study and how these will add to academic knowledge/fill a gap/void/hiatus in academic understanding. Candidates should also include in the proposal an outline of the methodology they would employ to gather and analyse the data necessary for the completion of the research (PART A of RD-02 Form);
• The possibility of obtaining funding to cover the cost of enrolling in the programme, and the costs associated with data collection, data analysis, laboratory expenses including hiring/purchasing of instruments and chemicals, should be included in the proposal if applicable (PART B of RD-02 Form);
• An outline of the proposed timetable for completing the MPhil/PhD (PART C of RD-02 Form);
• Two reference reports (at least one from a referee in the relevant discipline). As per the information provided by the applicant the FGS-SUSL will take steps to obtain reference reports from both referees (RD-03 Form);
• A letter from an employer stating his/her consent for the candidate to follow the respective research degree either on full-time or part-time basis;
• Academic transcripts of degree(s) already received and forwarded through the relevant institution;
• A certified copy of the English translation of your Birth Certificate; and
• Four (4) colour photographs of passport size on white background, if the candidate is permitted to enrol.           

Application Processing Time

Usually, it takes a period of four (04) months to complete the processing of a Research Higher Degree Application and the FGS-SUSL to issue the conditional offer letter to a candidate who applies for RHD Programme under general intake while under special intake, it takes about two (02) months period.

By-Laws made by the Council of the Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka under section 135 of the University Act No. 16 of 1978 as amended by Act No. 07 of 1985

Application Procedure, Registration and Maintaining Active Status of Candidacy

These By-Laws shall be cited as the Research Higher Degrees By-Laws No. 01 of 2016. Subject to these By-Laws a person may be awarded the Master of Philosophy or Doctor of Philosophy (hereinafter referred to as the MPhil or PhD respectively) by the Faculty of Graduate Studies (FGS) of the Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka (SUSL) if he/she has:

a. been a registered student of the University for the period prescribed by these By-Laws;

b. thereafter pursued the programme of study of the university as prescribed by these By-Laws, and other regulations and rules of the University;

c. satisfied the examiners of the MPhil or PhD by successfully completing a research and submitted and defended a thesis/dissertation on a topic approved by the senate;

d. paid such registration, tuition, supervision, and examination and other fees as may be payable by him/her to the University; and

e. fulfilled all other requirements prescribed by these By-Laws and the Regulations and Rules of the University.

1. Eligibility Requirement

1.1 Minimum admission requirement: MPhil

a. A Bachelor’s Honours degree of Level 6 with a minimum of 30 credits in the relevant field; or

b. A Bachelor’s Honours degree of Level 6 with a minimum of 30 credits in a related field and successful completion of a qualifying examination; or

c. A Bachelor’s degree of level 5 with a minimum GPA of 3 in the scale of 0-4 and successful completion of a qualifying examination which will be conducted after completion of 30 credits equivalent to SLQF 6 in the same or related field; or

d. A qualification of SLQF levels 7 or above in the relevant field; or

e. Completion of NVQ Level 7 with a minimum GPA of 3.0 in a scale of 0-4 and successful completion of a qualifying examination equivalent to SLQF level 6 or 7, as determined by the Senate of the University, may also be considered for admission to SLQF level 11 in that field of specialization; and

f. Good working knowledge of English is required, if the candidate wants to select English as the medium of instruction and they must satisfy the University that they have comprehensive competencies in the four English language skills, viz. Listening comprehension; speaking comprehension; and structure and written English.

1.2 Minimum admission requirements: PhD

a. A Master of Philosophy Degree; or

b. A Master’s Degree; or

c. A Bachelor’s Honours Degree of Level 6 with a minimum GPA of 3.0 at a scale of 0-4, with or without a qualifying examination as determined by the Senate of the University; or

d. A holder of Bachelor’s Degree Honours of Level 6 who has registered to follow a MPhil degree may be upgraded to PhD level after a minimum period of one year provided that his/her research competencies are of exceptional merit; or

e. A Bachelor’s Degree of level 5 with a minimum GPA of 3.0 in the scale of 0-4 and successful completion of a qualifying examination which will be conducted after completion of 30 credits equivalent to SLQF 6 in the same or related field and register to follow an MPhil degree may be upgraded to PhD level after a minimum period of one year provided that his/her research competencies are of exceptional merit; and

1.3 Except where the FGS has given permission for direct registration for the PhD degree, each candidate shall initially register for an MPhil. Such a candidate shall not be examined for a PhD unless he/she has been upgraded in accordance with regulations specified in these By-Laws.

1.4 The FGS reserves the right to offer the candidature to any candidate applied for enrolment.

2. Admission Process

2.1 Under the general admission, prospective candidates can submit their applications at any time. However, the in-take for both programmes of study is twice a year which falls in February and September in each year.

2.2 Under the special admission, candidates who have already with approved research grants from any local or foreign grantor to follow a Research Higher Degree leading to MPhil or PhD can process their application at any time of the year.

2.3 Application for registration for the MPhil or PhD shall be invited by advertisement either in the printed/electronic media and/or FGS, SUSL web portal (www.fgs-susl.edu.lk).

2.4 A person who wishes to become a candidate for the MPhil or PhD shall make an application by online.

2.5 The application shall be on the prescribed form (RD-01 Form) which provides the relevant information he/she may be required to submit, including his/her qualifications for undertaking the course of study. Admissions can be assessed with scanned documents but candidates are required to produce original documents at the time of registration.

2.6 Information required for application: Candidates are required to submit the following to the FGS as part of the application process:

2.6.1 A proposal of the intended MPhil or PhD research according to the given format by the FGS that explains the research problem and identification in the context of relevant literature which clearly demonstrates the objectives of the study and how these will add to academic knowledge/fill a gap/void/hiatus in academic understanding. Candidates should also include in this an outline of the methodology, they would employ to gather and analyse the data necessary for the completion of the research (PART A of RD-02 Form);

2.6.2 The procureability of funding to cover the cost of enrolling in the programme, and the costs associated with data collection, data analysis, laboratory expenses including hiring/purchasing of instruments and chemicals, should be included in the proposal as applicable (PART B of RD-02 Form);

2.6.3 An outline of the proposed timetable for completing the MPhil/PhD (PART C of RD-02 Form);

2.6.4 Two reference reports (at least one from a referee in the relevant discipline or both). As per the information provided by the applicant, the FGS will take steps to obtain reference reports from both referees (RD-03 Form);

2.6.5 Letter from the employer stating his/her consent for the candidate to follow the respective research degree either on a full-time or part-time basis;

2.6.6 The academic transcripts of degree(s) received and forwarded through the relevant institution;

2.6.7 Certified copy of the English translation of the Birth Certificate; and

2.6.8 Four (4) colour photographs of passport size on white background, if the candidate is permitted to enrol.

2.7 The FGS will assist the candidates to communicate with their potential supervisors. Alternatively, prospective candidates can propose name(s) of supervisor(s). The FGS will only consider the applications once both parties (supervisor and supervisee) have reached a mutual agreement on the proposed research area.

2.8 Application received by the FGS shall be referred to the Coordinator of the respective programme. The Coordinator, having examined the application for necessary initial qualifications, shall call the qualified candidates for an interview, on which selection may be made. A selection test may be held, if necessary, prior to the interview, if the number of applicants is in excess of the number of placements available in the given year. The final list of the candidates to be enrolled shall be recommended to the Senate for approval through the Board of Graduate Studies of the FGS by the respective Board of Study.

2.9 A placement letter will be issued to candidates by the Dean if the evaluation of the application and the proposal is successful.

3. Registration

3.1 Registration of new candidates: New candidates must register within the first two (02) weeks of the commencement of the semester by paying the relevant fees. Candidates who fail to register during this specified period without prior approval of the FGS shall be deemed to have rejected the offer. Except where the FGS has given permission for direct registration for the PhD degree, each candidate shall initially register for an MPhil. Such a candidate shall not be examined for a PhD unless he/she has been upgraded in accordance with regulations specified in these By-Laws.

3.2 The First Period of Registration: The effective or first period of registration is counted from the date of commencement of the course (hereafter referred to as first period of registration) corresponding to the initial registration. Any registration after the lapse of the first period of registration shall be extended.

3.3 Renewal of Registration: The registration for a research higher degree shall be deemed to have lapsed at the expiry of its period of validity of the first period of registration. A candidate, whose registration has so lapsed may re-new the registration for a further period, provided that FGS considers him/her as eligible for such extension for registration. This is subject to the levying of a fee.

3.4 Maintaining of Registration: It shall be obligatory for each candidate to renew the registration every semester until the completion of the programme of study and he/she must register within the first two (02) weeks of the commencement of every semester. Each candidate must use the prescribed form (RD-04 Form) to submit his/her application for renewal of registration together with the progress report of the semester under review duly endorsed by the principal supervisor. Candidates who do not register within the stipulated time without prior approval from the FGS to defer registration, are inclined to have their studies terminated.

3.5 Withdrawal from a Programme: A candidate wishing to withdraw from the programme for which he/she has been registered should do so in writing to the Dean. In case of such withdrawals, adjustments of fees and refunds, if any, will be made in accordance with the rules and regulations of the FGS.

3.6 Re-admission: A candidate who fails to maintain his/her registration shall be deemed to have withdrawn from the selected programme of study. If he/she wishes to re-enter the programme, he/she must apply for re- admission in accordance with the regulations applicable in force at that time. However, there is no guarantee of re-admission. The procedure for re- admission shall be the same as for initial registration, including the payment of all the prescribed fees.

3.7 Cancellation of Registration: A registration may be cancelled by the FGS on the recommendation of the relevant Board of Study for the following reasons: non-fulfilment of the assessment requirements, prolonged inactivity, non-completion within specific period allowed for MPhil and PhD programmes, non-payment of prescribed fees within the prescribed period, failure to submit progress reports, non-adherence to rules and regulations of the FGS and unsatisfactory academic progress.

3.8 Registration after Submission of Dissertation/Thesis: Candidates, who have submitted their dissertations/theses in the current semester of study, must register in the following semester but no fees will be charged until the examination of the dissertation/thesis is completed.

3.9 Concurrence Registration in other Institutions of Higher Learning: Candidates, who have registered in this University, whether on a full- time or part-time basis, will not be allowed to register for a programme of study in a similar level of study in another institution of higher learning, locally or overseas. Candidates, who register for a programme of study in another local or foreign institution of higher learning, would cause their candidature in this University terminated subject to non-refunding of the fees already being paid.

4. Period of Study

4.1 Master of Philosophy (MPhil)

4.1.1 The minimum period of full-time study is four (4) semesters which can be extended up to another two (2) semesters.

4.1.2 The minimum period of part-time study is six (6) semesters which can be extended up to another two (2) semesters.

4.1.3 The minimum period of full- part-time study is effective from the date of First Registration.

4.2 Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

4.2.1The minimum period of full-time study is six (6) semesters which can be extended up to another four (4) semesters.

4.2.2 The minimum period of part-time study is nine (9) semesters which can be extended up to another four (4) semesters.

4.2.3 The minimum period of full- part-time study is effective from the date of First Registration.

4.3 Request for an Extension: A candidate may normally submit a request for extension of registration by the end of the penultimate semester of his/her First Period of Registration. An extension to the above period of study can be granted only on reasonable grounds but not exceeding two (2) semesters. If granted, no further extensions will be permitted, unless under exceptional circumstances.

5. Deferment of Study

5.1 Applicability of deferment: A programme must be followed continuously except by permission of the Dean, FGS. Candidates who want to defer their studies must apply in advance for permission to do so and provide the appropriate documentary evidence. Retrospective interruptions will not normally be approved. Where the FGS has permitted a candidate to defer his/her studies must pay a deferment fee. No registration or tuition fee will be applicable for the period of deferment.

5.2 Candidates who have registered: Candidates who have been accepted into a programme of study can opt to defer their registration by paying all the relevant fees and sending in a written application to the Dean (RD-12 Form). The period of deferment cannot exceed two (2) Semesters. The placement offered will be cancelled after this period, if the candidate is unable to continue his/her studies. Fees paid are non-refundable in such instances.

5.3 Candidates who have already started their studies: Candidates who have already started studies as graduate candidates can request to defer their programme of study by sending a written application providing reasonable grounds to the Dean (RD-05 Form). Deferment can be allowed for a period of not less than one (1) semester but not exceeding four (4) semesters during the entire duration of study. The period of deferment will not be computed as part of the period of study. Deferment will not normally be allowed within the first year of study effective from the initial registration.

5.4 Status after deferment: Candidates who have been allowed to defer their period of study will not be deemed as registered candidates of this University and as such, are not eligible to use any of the facilities accorded to registered candidates, except to seek advice on the recommencement of studies.

6. Payments

6.1 Payments at the time of registration: On acceptance of a candidate to register for a programme he/she shall forthwith pay the prescribed registration and/or tuition fees together with any other initial payments applicable to the respective programme, to the University in order to register for a research higher degree.

6.2 Payments during the candidature: All fees must be paid within stipulated times as applicable. Candidates who fail to pay the fees will be barred from registering for the programme in the next semester and can have their studies terminated. Additional fees must be paid by candidates who are required to make major corrections in their dissertations/theses, if the re-examination is required. The period allowed for re-submission in such cases are not less than three (03) months but not more than six (06) months after the viva. The candidates will need to request re-registration from the FGS.

7. Refund Policy

Note: Fees applicable in examination matters, deferment, and extension of registration are non-refundable.

8. Supervision

8.1 Principal supervisor: Each candidate is entitled to get a principal supervisor assigned for guidance who has knowledge of the candidate's subject area and theoretical approach; is a permanent member of the academic staff and usually assigned for the duration of a student's programme; has no more than six primary supervisees. When a co- supervisor is appointed, the principal supervisor will bear the greater responsibility of supervising whilst the co-supervisor will assist the principal supervisor.

8.2 Additional supervision: Each candidate will normally have additional supervision in the form of co or joint supervision which includes supervision across Departments in the University or team supervision.

8.3 External supervision: In exceptional circumstances, external (to the University) supervision may be permitted. Such supervision will be undertaken by an academic staff member of another university or any other individual appointed by the Senate on the recommendation of the Board of Graduate Studies. The respective Board of Study determines such arrangements, and liaises with the FGS in making the appointments.

8.4 Availability of supervisors: Full-time candidates have the right to see their supervisor at least three times a term in the first year and twice a term thereafter. Part-time candidates have the right to see their supervisor at least twice a term in the first year and once a term thereafter.

8.5 Appointing supervisors and co-supervisors: The names of supervisors and co-supervisors will be approved by the Senate on the recommendation of the Board of Study and the Board of Graduate Studies respectively. The letter of appointment will be issued to supervisors and co-supervisors by the Dean after obtaining Senate approval.

8.6 Roles and responsibilities of the supervisor: It is the responsibility of the supervisor to guide the students on the path to excellence and inculcate in them the importance of ethical conduct as well as significance of student integrity, especially the need to abstain from unethical conduct in its varied forms ─ falsification, fabrication, failure to give credit and plagiarism. It also needs to be noted that research supervision is a specialist and intensive form of teaching. At the same time it recognises that the supervision of research is an advancing process where there is an incremental transition from teacher to facilitator. The supervisor should not only have regular meetings with students (individually as well as in a group) but should also maintain records of such meetings. Providing feedback to students is a principal task of the supervisor.

9. Changing of Supervisors

9.1 If the initial allocation of supervisor is found to be inappropriate or under exceptional and reasonable circumstances, the Dean may agree to change a supervisor on a request made by the candidate or the supervisor. However, a change of supervisor cannot be guaranteed, nor is it possible to guarantee the appointment of a particular academic as supervisor. However, the consent of the present supervisor should be taken (or the supervisor should be informed).

9.2 If for any reason the supervisor or the co-supervisor (if any) cannot fulfil their obligations, the Dean is bound to appoint another academic staff member as supervisor for a period deemed as appropriate.

10. Studying Away from the FGS

10.1 All candidates are required to be in regular attendance at the FGS for the purpose of attending courses, supervision and seminars specified by the respective programme. In exceptional circumstances the FGS may permit a student to reside outside Sri Lanka during his/her period of registration.

10.2 Candidates must submit progress reports periodically as required by FGS, even if they are studying outside the country.

11. Procedure for Upgrading to PhD

11.1 On the request of the candidate, the FGS will decide whether or not to upgrade a candidate from an MPhil to the PhD programme after a formal review.

11.2. The request for upgrading from an MPhil to PhD is possible in advance between 12-18 months ahead from the date of initial registration. For Part-time candidates, the request should be made between 24-30 months.

11.3 Transfer of registration must be recommended by the upgrade review panel set up by the FGS. This panel comprises the Dean (Chair) or a Senior Fellow appointed by the Dean, Dean of the respective Faculty, at least one external resource person who is an expert in the relevant field of study, at least one Senior Fellow of the respective Faculty and the Coordinator of the Programme.

11.4 The upgrading process starts with the formal request made by the candidate (RD-06 Form). The process of upgrading should include a self-assessment by the candidate supported by a report and recommendation by the principal supervisor and the co-supervisor (if any) on the candidate’s performance. This report must be submitted to the FGS in advance of the viva voce for upgrading using the prescribed form (RD-07 Form). This report will be assessed by an examiner, either internal or external appointed by the FGS.

11.5 Self-assessment should include a report, prepared in consultation with the supervisor(s) on work conducted so far and future plan for studies leading to the PhD. The length of this report should be of 8,000-10,000 words and it should cover the following components.

a. Introduction giving the context of the work

b. Research problem

c. Research questions and/or hypothesis(es)

d. Literature review

e. Methodology employed

f. A substantial piece of work to satisfy thesis objectives

g. Plan and timetable for the remainder of the work

h. References and Bibliography

i. Other information (if relevant)

j. Annexes (if required)

11.6 In addition, the candidate must provide a separate document with substantial evidence of past and present research experience and publications.

11.7 A viva voce examination is conducted by the upgrade panel to arrive at the final decision. The purpose of this examination is to assess the candidate’s progress and ability to complete his/her PhD programme within a reasonable time frame.

11.8 The upgrade panel should consider in the assessment the criteria given below. The assessment should not be confined only to the research material presented by the candidate but should also consider the candidate’s demonstrable academic and generic skills. A candidate should only be upgraded to PhD status if he/she meets the following criteria:

a. Commitment and resoluteness of purpose to pursuing research at FGS, SUSL leading to PhD degree;

b. Performs satisfactory progress in undertaking research;

c. Ability to formulate a viable hypothesis or research question that could be empirically tested or examined within the normal time frame of the PhD programme;

d. Possessing satisfactory technical and generic skills required for completing the PhD successfully;

e. Formulation of a viable plan for the research work; and

f. High language proficiency, both written and spoken.

11.9 The purpose of the viva voce examination is to ascertain, in conjunction with the candidate’s upgrade report, self-assessment report and the report by the principal supervisor, that the criteria (mentioned above) have been met. The viva voce examination also provides an opportunity for the candidate to discuss and defend his/her ideas.

11.10 A joint report on the outcome should be signed and submitted by the Chair of the upgrade panel to the Senate through the Board of Study and the Board of Graduate Studies respectively. This report should be copied to the candidate and supervisor(s). The candidate should also be given a written feedback on the outcome as soon as possible, after the viva voce examination.

11.11 Candidates may either be upgraded on the first attempt or, if unsuccessful, be referred for a second attempt within the time frame indicated above. Candidates who fail on the first attempt must be given specific written instructions to improve for the second attempt. In some instances, a candidate may be referred to resubmit the written work only, without the need for a second viva voce examination.

11.12 It is essential that at the very outset the candidate is familiarised with the potential outcomes of the process, including the procedure to be followed after a failure in the first attempt and the potential outcomes of failure at the second attempt. The following are the potential outcomes of the upgrade review process:

11.12.1 Potential outcomes of first attempt:

a. Candidate is recommended for upgrade to PhD status;

b. Candidate is referred to a specific date, with specific criteria to meet, for a second attempt without the need for a second viva; or

c. Candidate is referred to a specific date, with specific criteria to meet, for a second attempt with the need for a second viva.

11.12.2 Potential outcomes of second attempt:

b. Candidate is not recommended for upgrade and remains registered for the MPhil.

11.13 It should be made clear that a second failed attempt at upgrade will mean that the candidate will remain registered with an MPhil status. This may lead to the submission of a dissertation for the MPhil which must be done in accordance with these By-Laws. It is not the role of the upgrade panel to determine, at that stage, if the student’s work is appropriate for submission for the MPhil degree.

11.14 It is also not the role of the upgrade panel to consider action to deregister candidates who are deemed academically insufficient. Evidence from the upgrade process, however, may be used in subsequent academic insufficiency proceedings implemented by the FGS.

12. Plagiarism and Other Examination Offences

12.1 Candidates must make themselves familiar with the university regulations on student integrity ─ plagiarism and other examination offences.

12.2 The FGS reserves the right to submit any part of a dissertation/thesis to any plagiarism detected software or to take any other steps appropriate to identify plagiarism. The acceptable range of Similarity Index is up to 20 percent.

13. Research Ethics Clearance

13.1 A candidate must ensure his/her research acquiesces with the University research ethics policy. Thus, candidate must obtain clearance (prior to data collection by submitting a copy of the proposal including a description of data collection process and instruments using the form RD- 08 Form) formally from the University Research Ethics Committee and include such declaration in their dissertation/thesis.

14. Medium of Instruction, Examination and Communication

14.1 The medium of instruction and examination shall be either Sinhala or English. Tamil is for Tamil Language Studies only and the medium of all communication shall be English.

14.2 Once the medium of instruction and examination is selected candidates are required to undertake all the assessments under the same medium. Under no circumstances are they allowed to change.

15 Termination of Study

15.1 If a candidate obtains an unsatisfactory academic report or has violated the University rules and regulations or has not been able to complete studies within the given period of time, the Dean can make a recommendation to the Senate through the Board of Graduate Studies to have his/her study terminated.

Boards of Study and Areas of Concentration

16. Boards of Study of the Faculty of Graduate Studies

16.1 Board of Study of Agricultural Sciences

16.2 Board of Study of Computing and Information Systems

16.3 Board of Study of Geomatics

16.4 Board of Study of Humanities

16.5 Board of Study of Management

16.6 Board of Study of Physical & Natural Sciences

16.7 Board of Study of Social Sciences

16.8 Board of Study of Sports Science & Physical Education

17. Composition of the Board of Study

17.1 Each Board of Study is comprised of the minimum of five academic staff members from the relevant or related field including the following members: Chairperson; Secretary; and Coordinators of taught programmes and research higher degree programme.

18. Areas of Concentration

18.1 Areas of concentration are subject to change depending on the availability of expertise in the University.

18.2 Prospective candidates are advised to consult the Chairperson or Secretary of their proposed enrolling Board of Study to discuss opportunities available for multidisciplinary studies.

Scheme of Evaluation and Completion of Study

19. General Conditions

19.1 A candidate may not be evaluated unless he/she has duly registered as an MPhil or PhD candidate as from the commencement of the academic year/semester as well as satisfied the requirements such as attendance at lectures, seminars, progress reviews etc. as prescribed by the FGS from time to time.

19.2 All rules relating to the examination procedure, offences and punishment, apply to, or in relation to, all assessments of the research degrees.

19.3 Rules relating to assignments/tests and the dissertation/thesis shall be announced with the concurrence of the Board of Study and Board of Graduate Studies, FGS from time to time. Such rules shall not be changed or revoked unless decided by the Boards of Study and the Board of Graduate Studies and approved by the Senate.

20. Research Proposal Submission and Proposal Defence

20.1Candidates are expected to work with their supervisors to prepare for the defence of the research proposal. This should be done within 12 months for full-time and 18 months for part-time candidates from the date of the first registration.

20.2 Once the proposal is ready for presentation, the candidate is required to complete the Intent to Submit Proposal form at least one (01) month in advance (RD-09 Form). This has to be submitted through the principal supervisor. The proposal is defended to obtain feedback from other academics.

20.3 The candidate can proceed with his/her research only after the Defence Panel is satisfied that the research fulfils the MPhil or PhD requirements and any changes are duly made in the proposal.

21. Reporting the Progress of the Research Work

21.1 Candidates will be evaluated every semester based on the progress of research work during each semester.

21.2 Confidential reports should be obtained from the supervisor by the candidate and forwarded to the Dean for each semester together with a self-evaluation report on the progress of the research work.

21.3 Candidates need to participate at the colloquia as follows:

21.3.1 MPhil programme: At least two (02) colloquia – The first, after completing the literature review and finalising the methodology and the second, to present initial findings of on-going research. (This is in addition to the proposal defence).

21.3.2 PhD programme: At least three (three) colloquia – The first, after completing literature review and finalising the methodology and the second, to present the progress of the data collection and the third to present initial findings of the research being carried out. This is in addition to the proposal defence.

21.4 The FGS may choose to hold annual progress review colloquia. This review must:

21.4.1 Include at least one member of the academic staff other than the supervisor, the Chairperson and the Coordinator of the respective programme;

21.4.2 Be based on an appropriate area of the candidate's research;

21.4.3 Include an opportunity for the candidate to defend his/her work/progress orally before the Review Panel;

21.4.4 Include a review of the candidate’s training and development needs.

21.4.5 Progress reviews may result in continued registration, with or without conditions, or termination of registration if the candidate performed poorly. The Dean will, if applicable, inform the candidate in writing of the outcome with the reasons for imposing conditions or terminating registration.

22. Permission to Write the Dissertation/Thesis

22.1 Once the proposal has been defended and the supervisor(s) is (are) satisfied that the candidate’s work fulfils the MPhil or PhD degree requirements, the candidate shall commence writing the dissertation/thesis.

22.2 Candidates should seek guidance from their supervisor(s) regarding the use of citation style for correct referencing and formatting guidelines as specified by the respective programmes (This information is available in the student guide book provided by the FGS on compiling supervised independent studies).

22.3 It should be noted that the process of finalising the dissertation/thesis is time-consuming since typically two or three draft versions need to be produced before it is in a form, ready for submission and examination.

23. Publication During the Candidature

23.1 Candidates are highly encouraged to publish in either indexed or peer reviewed journals during their candidature. At least a publication in a peer-reviewed journal is compulsory for PhD candidates while at least a conference participation is compulsory for MPill candidates.

23.2 Information regarding publication(s) and/or conference participation based on the research work being carried out must be included in the dissertation/thesis according to the guidelines.

24. Preparation of Submission of Dissertation/Thesis

24.1 The supervisor(s) is (are) responsible for advising and assisting the candidate to prepare for the submission of the dissertation/thesis. The supervisor(s) is (are) responsible for ensuring, within reasonable limits that the dissertation/thesis presented to the internal and external examiners is of an acceptable standard and quality for the degree sought. It is the shared responsibility of the candidate and as well as supervisor(s) to ensure that the thesis is written in correct scholarly/scientific language, that its language is free of errors in punctuation and typing, that it respects academic standards and any conventions, which are specific to the discipline. It is the candidate’s responsibility to prepare, assemble and distribute all materials in all the copies of the dissertation/thesis. The supervisor’s notification will also propose the names of three (03) examiners with appropriate biographical and contact information.

24.2 Candidate must inform the FGS through his/her principal supervisor three (03) months in advance regarding the dissertation/thesis submission. For this purpose candidates must produce the Request to Submit Dissertation/Thesis Form, duly filled to the FGS (RD-10 Form).

24.3 It is the candidate’s responsibility to deliver the required number of copies of the draft dissertation/thesis to the office of the Dean, FGS within the stipulated time. The candidate must provide five (5) hard copies with spiral (soft) binding, which will be given to the defence panel members including the examiners as well as the supervisor and a soft copy on a CD in MS Word doc or docx format.

24.4 A candidate cannot submit a dissertation/thesis that has already been submitted to the SUSL or any other university, but he/she can include any portion of the said dissertation/thesis by making appropriate reference to the usage of the said portion.

25. Research Degree Committee

25.1 The research degree committee has to supervise the work and progress of the candidate until the dissertation/thesis is deemed fit for assessment and examination. The supervisor and/or the co-supervisor or the thesis committee members will evaluate the dissertation/thesis and determine whether the candidate is ready to take the viva voce examination. This committee is comprised of the Dean (Chair), the Chairperson of the Board of Study, Dean of the respective Faculty, the Coordinator of the programme and the Principal Supervisor and/or Co-supervisor by invitation.

25.2 The Senate, on the recommendation of the Board of Graduate Studies FGS shall appoint a Board of Examiners to conduct the examination leading to the award of the MPhil or PhD.

25.3 The Board of Examiners shall comprise at least one (01) external examiner and one (01) internal examiner. The examiners should be from the same or relevant field of study in which the research has been conducted (or who are deemed suitable as decided by the University).

25.4 For candidates who are from the University staff, the members of the Board of Examiners shall comprise of two (2) external examiners appointed from other universities or institutions.

25.5 The external examiner for a candidate who is supervised by an internal supervisor and/or a co-supervisor, must be appointed from other universities or institutions whereas for candidates who are supervised by an external supervisor the external examiner can be appointed from this University or other universities or institutions.

26. The Viva Panel

26.1 The viva panel shall comprise the following members:

a. Dean, FGS (Chair);

b. Dean of the respective Faculty

c. Chairperson of the Board of Study;

d. Programme Coordinator;

e. Examiners; and

f. A Senior Fellow representing the relevant field

26.2 The principal supervisor and the co-supervisor shall attend the viva voce examination as observers. They may offer clarifications in the post- defence discussion.

27. Preparation for the Viva

27.1 It is the responsibility of the supervisor(s) and/or coordinator to inform the candidate in a timely manner of all requirements pertaining to the oral defence and to provide advice and support to the candidate in preparing for the viva voce.

27.2 For the viva all arrangements will be made by the FGS after receiving the formal request form the candidate and the copies of the draft. It is the responsibility of the candidate to ensure that all dues owed to the University have been fully settled.

27.3 If candidates need any special equipment or requirement for the defence, they should inform the FGS at least two weeks in advance. A whiteboard, a computer and a multimedia projector are available at all times in the viva room.

28. The Viva

28.1 The Chairman of the viva panel will invite the candidate to make an oral presentation, highlighting the major issues dealt within the research, the conclusions which have been reached, the significance of the findings, theoretical and managerial implications of the study.

28.2 This oral presentation session should not exceed 20 minutes. Only the oral presentation session will be open for the other research candidates and the Faculty staff.

28.3 All members of the examining committee are expected to ask probing questions on the methodology and the contents of the dissertation/thesis and/or the research field. Candidates should respond directly to the questions. They should not hesitate to make clarifications should they get the impression that a particular question is derived from misconceptions about the research material or the literature.

28.4 Unless the candidate indicates on the request form, the supervisor(s) will be invited to attend the viva voce examination as observer(s). The supervisor(s) do(es) not have the right to take part in the examination but may contribute if invited to do so by the examiners with the agreement of the candidate.

28.5 At the conclusion of the viva voce examination, the candidate will be asked to leave the room in order to allow the examiners to deliberate. The candidate will pass the viva examination if the majority of the viva panel members (including the person chairing) vote in favour of acceptance.

28.6 Candidates are only allowed to take the viva voce examination for his/her dissertation/thesis defence not more than two (2) times.

29. Recommendations of the Viva Panel

29.1 Outcome of the MPhil examination: The options open to examiners in determining the result of the examination are as follows:

29.2 Outcome of the PhD examination: The options open to examiners in determining the result of the examination are as follows:

29.3 The candidate will be informed that that he/she has been unsuccessful in the examination for the PhD degree, but has reached the standard required for the award of the MPhil, or with amendments to the thesis may be able to satisfy the criteria for the MPhil.

29.4 A candidate considered for the award of the MPhil degree under 29.3 above, will not be required to submit the thesis, as required under the regulations for the PhD degree, or to undergo a further viva voce examination, but will be required to fulfil the requirements for the MPhil in all other respects including reformatting the whole document according to the MPhil dissertation writing guidelines.

29.5 A candidate offered an MPhil degree under these regulations must make any amendments specified by the examiners within a given period but not exceeding six (06) months. The candidate must submit the amended dissertation to the examiners who shall decide whether he/she has completed the amendments to their satisfaction.

29.6 The examiners may determine that the candidate has not satisfied them in the examination for either the MPhil or the PhD. They will not, however, save in very exceptional circumstances, make such a decision without submitting the candidate to a viva voce examination.

29.7 Candidates have the right of appeal against a decision taken under regulations in accordance with the Appeals Regulations for Research Candidates.

30. Final Submission of Dissertation/Thesis

30.1 It is the responsibility of the candidate to make all revisions and corrections of the dissertation/thesis required by the examining committee. The supervisor(s) is (are) expected to advise the candidate in making these changes and to ensure that verifications have been made. It is also the responsibility of the supervisor(s) to ensure that, on behalf of the examining committee, that they deem the changes effected to be complete and appropriate.

30.2 Once the candidate amends his/her thesis/dissertation according to the comments of the examination committee (after completing the viva voce examination), he/she has to submit a revised copy with the recommendation of the supervisor to the FGS.

30.3 If examiners are responsible for checking the corrections, they must provide an official letter stating their satisfaction with the corrections made.

30.4 A candidate who has received approval for all the changes required by the examining committee must follow the FGS regulations and procedures applicable of compiling supervised independent studies.

30.5 After obtaining the approval for final submission, a candidate must submit two (2) hard bound copies of the dissertation/thesis and one soft copy on a CD in MS Word doc or docx format within thirty (30) days after the dissertation/thesis has been approved, to the FGS. Candidate must prepare additional bound copies to be kept for themselves and their supervisor(s) if required.

30.6 To publish an approved dissertation/thesis, or any portion thereof, the candidate must obtain prior approval from the FGS and indicate clearly that the said dissertation/thesis was submitted to the FGS, SUSL as a fulfilment of a programme of study.

30.7 With the approval of the Dean, a candidate can use any portion of his/her dissertation/thesis for the purpose of any academic publication during his/her candidature, subject to appropriate acknowledgement being made in the said publication.

30.8 The University reserves the right to use an approved dissertation/thesis or for teaching and research purposes.

30.9 A candidate can apply to the FGS to obtain a moratorium on the use of the dissertation/thesis for a certain period of time before being allowed to be used by other parties. However, the FGS reserves the right to reverse this decision.

30.10 In addition, the FGS shall offer courses especially to improve soft skills of the candidates covering the fields such as:

30.10.1 Academic/scientific writing, research methodology (for both science and non-science fields).

30.10.2 Data handling, management, interpretation, and presentation.

30.10.3 Ethical issues in research.

30.11 Attendance for the courses mentioned under 30.10 is compulsory and 80 percent rule is apply.

31. Awarding of Degree

31.1 In order to be awarded a degree, a candidate must fulfil the following requirements:

a. Pass all the evaluation prescribed by these By-Laws and the programme of study;

b. Fulfil all requirements of the FGS and the University;

c. Complete the publication requirements/conference participation (if any) with respect to the programme; d. Must have presented and defended the thesis/dissertation successfully; and e. Settle all due fees owing to the University.

32. Effective Date of the Degree

32.1 The date of submission- if the candidate passed the viva voce examination without or with minor amendments to the dissertation/thesis.

32.2 The date of re-submission- if the candidate passed the viva with major amendments to the thesis/dissertation.

32.3 The date of second viva- if the candidate passed the viva voce examination at the second attempt.

33. Convocation

33.1 A list of the candidates who have successfully completed all of the requirements for a particular degree is presented to the Senate by the FGS in preparation for the convocation.

33.2 Deadlines are set in order to complete the requirements for the convocation. All candidates wishing to receive their degrees after fulfilling all requirements must fill in all the appropriate forms (available in the Examination Branch) in order to graduate.

33.3 It is the responsibility of the candidate to ensure that all outstanding fees and other obligations to the University are settled. The University cannot allow a candidate to attend the convocation if fees are unsettled. The FGS on its part will ensure that all relevant forms are completed and regulations are followed in a timely manner.

33.4 Candidate should also consult the Examination Branch on regulations governing the type of academic gown to be worn.

34. Revocation of Award

34.1 The Council on the recommendation of the Senate and the Board of Graduate Studies may revoke an award made under these regulations as permitted by the By-Laws and Regulations of the FGS and the University.

Interpretations

In these By-Laws unless the context otherwise requires “University” or "SUSL" means the Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka “Council” means the Council of the Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka constituted under the Universities Act. No.16 of 1978 as amended by Act No. 07 of 1985.

“Senate” means the Senate of the Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka constituted under the Universities Act. No.16 of 1978 as amended by Act No. 07 of 1985.

“Faculty” or "FGS" means the Faculty of Graduate Studies of the Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka established under the Graduate Studies Ordinance No. 3 of 1987.

“Vice Chancellor” means the Vice Chancellor or Acting Vice Chancellor of the Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka.

“Dean” means the Dean of the Faculty of Graduate Studies or the Acting Dean of the Faculty of Graduate Studies of the Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka.

“Registrar” means the Registrar, the Acting Registrar, Deputy Registrar, or any other officer authorized to sign for and on behalf of the Registrar of the Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka.

Please contact the Chairperson of the respective Board of Study

The induction programme has been designed for Research Higher Degree (RHD) Candidates and will be conducted twice a year after each intake of candidates. The objective of this induction programme is to offer an opportunity for candidates to improve their research and library skills, their awareness of other facilities and services available for postgraduate studies, the learning policies and procedures for RHDs, and to meet other RHD candidates. The programme is comprised of the following:

• RHD policies and procedures, students responsibilities and entitlements;
• Research proposal development;
• Philosophical foundation of research;
• Resources for conducting and writing research;
• Conducting a literature review;
• Research designs;
• Academic writing; and
• Research ethics

Notes:    

• It is compulsory for all commencing RHD candidates to complete this induction programme within the first six months of candidature;
• In order to have their attendance recorded they must be present for the entirety of the session(s). Recorded attendance is required to complete the induction programme;
• The programme will be conducted during weekends.

Sponsored students must submit a sponsorship letter upon registration. The letter must clearly state the type of fees covered (such as registration, examination, library, and so on).

Other Fees Applicable

Bench Fee: A bench fee will be included for programmes that require laboratory facilities. When applying for enrolment candidates must clearly state the applicable bench fee, along with information as to how they are planning to finance this.

International Student Bond: In addition to the above fees, international students must pay a bond (non-recurring fee). This is presently set at LKR 100,000.00 for students from SAARC countries and LKR 150,000.00 for students from other countries. After completion of study this fee will be refunded to the student.

Registration fee applicable to international students covers a medical insurance, welfare, sports and recreational facilities of the university.

Refund Policy

Fees are subject to refund when a student request for the termination of study is approved by FGS-SUSL and the Senate. The types of fees and the percentage of refund are available from FGS-SUSL.

Payment Method

If you have any queries concerning the application process, please contact the Chairperson of the respective board of study you are applying for.

RHD (MPhil/PhD) Application Form

Research Proposal Format

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AVIT Kancheepuram - Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Kancheepuram

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Annai jkk sampoorani ammal college of nursing, namakkal.

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Annai velankanni college, kanyakumari, anna university, regional campus, tirunelveli.

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Tamil is spoken by approximately 70 million people worldwide and has one of the oldest literary traditions in the world with traceable beginnings to over 2,000 years ago. It holds official language status in Tamil Nadu in India, Sri Lanka and Singapore, and has a large diaspora. Tamil’s literary corpus, rich political and social history, and vibrant film industry are just some of the reasons to study this fascinating and important language.

Harvard University’s Department of South Asian Studies offers Elementary, Intermediate, and Advanced Tamil. Classes focus on both the written and spoken forms of the language and incorporate a wide range of materials including modern Tamil fiction, classical poetry, and contemporary film.

Tamil 101A/B Elementary Tamil Instructor: Jonathan Ripley; Spring ’24: M/W/F, 9:00-10:15am An interactive introduction to Tamil, the oldest of the Dravidian languages of South India with a literary tradition that spans millennia. It is designed for students with no previous background in Tamil and progressively introduces speaking, listening, reading and writing using textual and audio-visual materials. After taking the TAM 101 series, students will have a working knowledge of the fundamental grammatical structures necessary to navigate colloquial and literary modern Tamil and to begin reading older Tamil literature as well. Not open to auditors. Must be taken for a letter grade. Tamil 102A/B Intermediate Tamil Instructor: Jonathan Ripley; Spring ’24: M/W/F, 10:30-11:45am A continuation of TAM 101A and TAM 101B, this course is focused on consolidating students’ grasp of fundamental grammatical structures, as well as expanding their Tamil reading, writing, and speaking skills. Students actively engage with a variety of textual and audiovisual materials and conduct regular class presentations in Tamil. After taking the TAM 102 series, students will be able to understand Tamil materials of increasing complexity and be able to communicate with greater ease. Not open to auditors. Must be taken for a letter grade.

Tamil 103BR Advanced Tamil Instructor: Jonathan Ripley; Spring ’24: M/W/F, 12:00-1:15pm Continuation of Tamil 102. Covers topics of advanced grammar and is designed to further develop proficiency in speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Texts include modern literature, classical poetry, devotional literature, epic literature, and selections from minor literary forms. Films and other audiovisual materials will be used as well. Must be taken for a letter grade.

SAS 104B Readings in Classical Tamil Instructor: Martha A. Selby; Spring ’24: Thursday , 3:00-5:45pm

This course will introduce students to classical forms of the Tamil language, through a graduated study of poetry from the Cankam classics. An equivalent of two years of formal Tamil study is required. Must be taken for a letter grade.

SAS 106B Introduction to Tamil Literature Instructor: Martha A. Selby; Spring ’24: M/W, 1:30-2:45pm

This survey course will introduce students to Tamil literature from its earliest texts of the Cankam age to contemporary experimental fiction and poetry. We will begin with readings from the early cankam anthologies, studied in tandem with the Tolkappiyam, Tamil’s earliest extant work on grammar and poetics. We will then explore links between cankam and the bhakti poetry of the Shaiva and Vaishnava saints. We will follow this with an exploration of medieval and early modern genres. In the final weeks of the course, we will consider the emergence of the Tamil novel, the novella, and the short story, a form in which modern Tamil writers truly excelled. (All texts will be available in English translation.) Must be taken for a letter grade.

What is a PhD?

• Types of Doctorates
• A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) is the highest globally recognized postgraduate degree that higher education institutions can award.
• PhDs are awarded to candidates who undertake original and extensive research in a particular field of study.
• Full time PhD programmes typically last three to four years, whilst part time PhD programmes typically last six to seven years.
• A PhD can lead to an academia teaching role or a career in research. A PhD can also equip you with skills suitable for a wide range of jobs unrelated to your research topic or academia.

Definition of a PhD – A Doctor of Philosophy (commonly abbreviated to PhD , Ph.D or a DPhil ) is a university research degree awarded from across a broad range of academic disciplines; in most countries, it is a terminal degree, i.e. the highest academic degree possible.

PhDs differ from undergraduate and master’s degrees in that PhDs are entirely research-based rather than involving taught modules (although doctoral training centres (DTCs) offer programmes that start with a year of lecture-based teaching to help develop your research skills prior to starting your project).

In most English-speaking countries, those that complete a PhD use the title “Doctor” (typically abbreviated to Dr) in front of their names and are referred to as such within academic and/or research settings. Those that work in fields outside of academia may decide not to use the formal doctor title but use post-nominal letters (e.g. John Smith PhD); it’s unusual though for someone to use both the Doctor title and post-nominal letters in their name.

PhD vs Doctorate

A PhD and a professional doctorate are both research-based terminal degrees.

However, where a PhD focuses on original research mostly around theoretical concepts, a professional doctorate focuses on examining existing knowledge to solve real-life, practical problems.

While there is much crossover between the two, a PhD is generally better suited for an individual to wants to advance the knowledge and understanding in their field, and a professional doctorate degree is better suited to a working professional who wants to better be able to apply knowledge and understanding to their field.

What Are the Entry Requirements for a PhD?

To be accepted on to a PhD programme, students usually need to hold at least a high ( 2:1 and above ) undergraduate degree that is related to the field of research that they want to pursue. A PhD candidate may also be expected to hold a Master’s degree , however, this does not mean you must have one, as it is still possible to enrol into a PhD without a Master’s .

Self-funded courses may sometimes be more relaxed in relation to entry requirements. It may be possible to be accepted onto a self-funded PhD programme with lower grades, though these students typically demonstrate their suitability for the role through professional work experience.

Whilst a distance learning project is possible , most PhD candidates will carry out their research over at least three years based at their university, with regular contact with two academic supervisors (primary and secondary). This is particularly the case for lab-based projects, however, some PhD projects require spending time on-site away from university (e.g. at a specialist research lab or at a collaborating institution abroad).

How Long Does a PhD Take?

Typically, full-time PhDs last 3-4 years and part-time PhDs last 6-7 years. However, at the discretion of the university, the thesis writing-up period can be extended by up to four years.

Although most doctoral programmes start in September or October, they are generally much more flexible than taught-courses and can start at any time of the year.

How Much Does a PhD Cost?

Tuition fees for UK and EU students vary between £3,000 and £6,000 per year, with the average tuition fee of £4,712 per year for 2023/24 programmes.

Tuition fees increase considerably for international students, varying between £16,000 to £25,000 per year, with an average tuition fee of £19,600 per year .

Nonetheless, most students will secure PhD funding in the form of studentships, scholarships and bursaries to help pay for these fees. These funding opportunities can either be partial, which cover tuition fees only, or full, which cover both tuition fees and living expenses.

UK national students can also apply for Doctoral Loans from Student Finance England if they are unable to secure funding.

Finding a PhD has never been this easy – search for a PhD by keyword, location or academic area of interest.

What Does a PhD Involve?

To be awarded a PhD, a doctoral student is required to produce a substantial body of work that adds new knowledge to their chosen field.

A PhD programme will typically involve four key stages:

Stage 1: Literature Review

The first year of a PhD involves attending regular meetings with your supervisors and carrying out a search on previously published work in your subject area. This search will be used to produce a literature review which should set the context of the project by explaining the foundation of what is currently known within the field of research, what recent developments have occurred, and where the gaps in knowledge are. In most cases, this will be an extension of your research proposal should you have produced one as part of your application. The literature review should conclude by outlining the overarching aims and objectives of the research project. This stage of setting achievable goals which are original and contribute to the field of research is an essential first step in a successful PhD.

The supervisor is the main point of contact through the duration of a PhD – but remember: they are there to mentor, not to teach, or do it for you . It will be your responsibility to plan, execute and monitor your own work as well as to identify gaps in your own knowledge and address them.

Stage 2: Research

The second year (and prehapse some of your third year) is when you work on your research. Having identified novel research questions from your review of the literature, this is where you collect your data to help answer these questions. How you do this will depend on the nature of your doctoral research: for example, you may design and run experiments in a lab alongside other PhD students or visit excavation sites in remote regions of the world. You should check in regularly with your supervisors to update them and run any ideas or issues past them.

Have the structure and chapters of your thesis in mind as you develop and tackle your research questions. Working with a view of publishing your work will be very valuable later on.

Stage 3: Write up of Thesis

The next key stage of a PhD is writing a doctoral thesis , which typically takes from anywhere between three months to one year. A thesis is a substantial body of work that describes the work and outcomes of the research over the previous two to three years. It should tell a detailed story of the PhD project – focusing on:

• The motivations for the research questions identified from the literature review.
• The methodologies used, results obtained, and a comprehensive analysis and discussion of the findings.
• A detailed discussion of the key findings with an emphasis on the original contributions made to your field of research and how this has been impactful.

There is no universal rule for the length of a PhD thesis, but general guidelines set the word count between 80,000 to 100,000 words.

For your thesis to be successful, it needs to adequately defend your argument and provide a unique or increased insight into your field that was not previously available.

Stage 4: Attending the Viva

A viva voce , most commonly referred to as just a ‘ viva ‘, is an interview-style examination where the PhD student is required to engage in a critical appraisal of their work and defend their thesis against at least two examiners. The examiners will ask questions to check the PhD student has an in-depth understanding of the ideas and theories proposed in their thesis, and whether they have developed the research skills that would be expected of them.

The viva is one of the final steps in achieving a PhD, and typically lasts at least two hours, but this duration can vary depending on the examiners, the university and the PhD project itself.

Once you have done the viva – you’re on the home stretch. You will typically be asked to make some amendments to your thesis based on the examiner’s feedback. You are then ready to submit your final thesis for either:

• PhD – If you pass the requirements you will be awarded a PhD degree (most common outcome),
• MPhil – If you failed to meet requirements for a PhD, you may be downgraded to an MPhil degree (uncommon outcome),
• Fail – No award is given, typically for cases of plagiarism (extremely uncommon outcome).

What Is It Like to Undertake a PhD?

We’re often asked what it is like to undertake a PhD study. Unfortunately, this isn’t a simple answer to this question as every research project is different.

To help give insight into the life of a PhD student, we’ve interviewed PhD students at various stages of their programmes and put together a series of PhD Student Interviews . Check out the link to find out what a PhD is like and what advice they have to offer you.

What Are the Benefits of A PhD?

A PhD is the highest globally recognised postgraduate degree that higher education institutions can award. The degree, which is awarded to candidates who demonstrate original and independent research in a particular field of study, is not only invaluable in itself, but sets you up with invaluable skills and traits.

Career Opportunities

First, a PhD prepares you for a career in academia if you wish to continue in this area. This takes form as a career in the Higher Education sector, typically as a lecturer working their way to becoming a professor leading research on the subject you’ve studied and trained in.

Second, a PhD also enables the opportunity for landing a job in a research & development role outside of the academic environment. Examples of this include laboratory work for a private or third sector company, a governmental role and research for commercial and industrial applications.

Transferable Skills

Finally, in possessing a PhD degree, you can show to employers that you have vital skills that make you an asset to any company. Three examples of the transferable skills that you gain through a PhD are effective communication, time management, and report writing.

• Communication – presenting your work in written and oral forms using journal papers and podium presentations, shows your ability to share complex ideas effectively and to those with less background knowledge than you. Communication is key in the professional environment, regardless of the job.
• Time management – The ability to prioritise and organise tasks is a tremendous asset in the professional industry. A PhD holder can use their qualification to demonstrate that they are able to manage their time, arrange and follow a plan, and stick to deadlines.
• Report writing – Condensing three years of work into a thesis demonstrates your ability to filter through massive amounts of information, identify the key points, and get these points across to the reader. The ability to ‘cut out the waffle’ or ‘get to the point’ is a huge asset in the professional industry.

Aside from the above, you also get to refer to yourself as a Doctor and add fancy initials after your name!

What Can I Do After a PhD?

One of the most desirable postdoctoral fields is working within independent Research and Development (R&D) labs and new emerging companies. Both industries, especially R&D labs, have dedicated groups of PhD graduates who lead research activities, design new products and take part in crucial strategic meetings. Not only is this a stimulating line of work, but the average salaries in R&D labs and emerging start-ups are lucrative. In comparison, an undergraduate with five years of experience within their given field will, on average, likely earn less than a new PhD graduate taking on a R&D position.

It’s a common misunderstanding that PhDs only opens the door for an academic career such as university lecturers and training providers. Although obtaining a PhD opens these doors, the opportunities extend far beyond educational roles. In fact, recent data from the UK’s Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) indicates only 23% of PhD graduates take a position in educational roles . This low percentage is primarily because PhD graduates have a wide range of skills that make them suitable for a broad spectrum of roles. This is being seen first hand by the increasing number of PhD graduates who are entering alternative roles such as research, writing, law and investment banking.

How Do I Find a PhD?

We appreciate that finding a PhD programme to undertake can be a relatively daunting process. According to Higher Education Student Statistics , over 22,000 PhDs were awarded in 2016/17 within the United Kingdom alone. Clearly there are a huge number of PhD programmes available. This can sometimes be confusing for prospective doctorates, particularly when different programmes are advertised in different places. Often, it is difficult to know where to look or where to even start. We’ve put together a list of useful sources to find the latest PhD programmes:

• A great place to start is with our comprehensive and up-to-date database of available PhD positions .
• Assuming you are still at university, speak to an existing PhD supervisor within your department.
• Attend as many postgraduate open days as you can. Whilst there, speak to current PhD students and career advisors to get an awareness of what PhDs are on offer.
• Visit the postgraduate section of university websites and the PhD Research Council section of the UKRI website.

Browse PhDs Now

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• Cambridge Dictionary +Plus

Translation of pursue – English–Tamil dictionary

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pursue verb [T] ( TRY TO DO )

• The company is aggressively pursuing new business opportunities .
• The government is pursuing a policy of containment.
• He used to play with a group but now he's pursuing a solo career .
• We should pursue every avenue in the search for an answer to this problem .
• The government pursued every diplomatic channel to free the hostages .

(Translation of pursue from the Cambridge English–Tamil Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)

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Translations of pursue.

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any of the rods that join the edge of a wheel to its centre, so giving the wheel its strength

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