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Case Study Questions Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development

Case study questions class 10 social science geography chapter 3 resources and development.

CBSE Class 10 Case Study Questions Social Science Geography Resources and Development. Important Case Study Questions for Class 10 Board Exam Students. Here we have arranged some Important Case Base Questions for students who are searching for Paragraph Based Questions Resources and Development.

At Case Study Questions there will given a Paragraph. In where some Important Questions will made on that respective Case Based Study. There will various types of marks will given 1 marks, 2 marks, 3 marks, 4 marks.

Cast Study 1

Resources and development are interlinked concepts and serves as a important pillars of a country growth and development. As development is a multidimensional concept it relies heavily on sustainable use of available resources. Either it be natural resource like water ,minerals , forest and so on or be human resource like skilled labour ,education , healthcare the complex interaction between resources and development is a dynamic process that requires careful planning and management.

Natural resources serve as bedrock for country economic development as they provide raw material needed for manufacturing, energy and agriculture.

Human resource perhaps is the most critical part of development as skilled, educated, and healthy individual are more innovative, talented and productive.

Q1) Define resource and criteria’s to be called as a resource Mark 2

Answer Anything that is used to satisfy our needs is called as a resource.

Resource should be

Technologically assessable Economically affordable Culturally acceptable

Q2) Give an account of classification of natural resource with example. Mark1

Answer Natural resource can be classified in two ways

Q3) How resource and development are interlinked?   Mark 1

Answer Human beings interact with nature through technology and create institutions to accelerate their economic development

Cast Study 2

Sustainable development is a global imperative, seeking to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It encompasses economic, social, and environmental dimensions, recognizing their interdependence. In pursuit of sustainable development, societies are adopting eco-friendly technologies, promoting renewable energy, and reducing waste. Social equity and inclusion are also vital aspects, ensuring that the benefits of development reach all strata of society. Sustainable development necessitates responsible consumption and production, conservation of biodiversity, and addressing climate change. As we grapple with global challenges, it is crucial to remember that a sustainable future is not an option but an imperative. It requires collective action, innovative solutions, and a commitment to leaving behind a world that is both prosperous and habitable for future generations.

Q1) What are the various problem arises due to irrational use of resources? 2

Answer Following problem arises due to irrational use of resources

Depletion of resources for satisfying the greed of a few individuals

Accumulation of resources in few hands, which, in turn, divided the society into two segments i.e. haves and have nots or rich and poor.

Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to global ecological crises such as, global warming, ozone layer depletion, environmental pollution and land degradation

Q2) What is Agenda 21 in sustainable development? 2

Answer Agenda 21 is to agenda to combat environmental damage, poverty, disease through global co-operation on common interests, mutual needs and shared responsibilities adopted in United national conference on Environment and development held in 1992 in Brazil.

Cast Study 3

Jharkhand is often cited as a victim of the “resource curse.” The state’s heavy reliance on mining and mineral extraction has led to environmental degradation, displacement of indigenous communities, and limited diversification of the economy. The revenue generated from mineral resources is often not reinvested effectively for the development of the state. While mining activities generate significant revenue, these benefits are not equitably distributed among the population. A substantial portion of the population, especially in rural areas, remains marginalized and lacks access to basic amenities, education, and healthcare

Large-scale mining projects often require land acquisition, leading to the displacement of local communities. This disruption can have long-lasting social and economic consequences, as many displaced individuals struggle to find alternative livelihoods. Improving governance and transparency is crucial to ensuring that mineral wealth benefits the broader population.

Q1) Why resource planning is important for India? Mark 1

Answer An equitable distribution of resources is essential for a sustained quality of life and global peace. If the present trend of resource depletion by a few individuals and countries continues, the future of our planet is in danger..

Q2) What are the steps involve in resource planning? Mark 1

Answer Following steps are involve in resource planning

Step 1 Identification and mapping of resource across the country

Step 2 Planning structure of skills , institution etc

Step 3 Matching resource development plans with national economic plans

Q3) “There is enough for everybody need but not for anybody greed”. Explain Mark 2

Answer Gandhi believed that the greedy and selfish individuals and exploitative nature of modern technology are the root cause for resource depletion at the global level. He was against mass production and wanted to replace it with the production by the masses.

Cast Study 4

Land is a critical and finite resource in India, serving as the foundation for various economic, social, and environmental activities. India’s vast and diverse landscape accommodates agriculture, industry, urbanization, infrastructure, and ecosystems. Agriculture remains the largest land-based sector, providing livelihoods for a significant portion of the population. However, the increasing demands for urbanization, industrialization, and infrastructure development have led to land use changes and pressures on agricultural land. Land resources are vital for food security, housing, and economic growth, but their sustainable management is a significant challenge. Issues such as land fragmentation, land degradation, and land disputes persist. Land reform measures aim to address issues of land ownership and equitable distribution. Additionally, environmental conservation efforts strive to protect ecosystems and biodiversity. Effective land-use planning, land-use policies, and land management practices are essential to ensure that India’s land resources are utilized sustainably for the benefit of current and future generations.

Q1) What are the factors that determines land use pattern in India? 1

Answer Land use pattern in India is determined by both physical and human factors. Physical Factor involves topography, climate, soil types while Human factor involves population density, technological capability and culture and traditions etc

Q2) Suggest some measure to solve the problem of land degradation? 2

Answer Afforestation and proper management of grazing ,planting of shelter belts of plants, stabilization of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes , proper management of waste lands, control of mining activities, proper discharge and disposal of industrial effluents and wastes after treatment can reduce land and water degradation in industrial and suburban areas can help in stopping land degradation.

Q3) Give an account of important relief features in India? 1

Answer India have variety of relief features, namely; mountains, plateaus, plains

and islands. About 43 % of the land area is plain. Mountains account for 30 % of the total surface area of the country About 27 % of the area of the country is the plateau region.

Also See: Water Resources Case Study Question and Answer

Cast Study 5

India’s agricultural success story is closely intertwined with its rich and diverse soil resources. With over 120 soil types across the country, India’s soil is as varied as its culture. Fertile alluvial soils in the Gangetic plains support the production of rice and wheat, while arid regions rely on hardy desert soils. However, soil degradation due to unsustainable agricultural practices, erosion, and urbanization poses a growing threat. To ensure food security and sustainable agriculture, India must prioritize soil conservation, nutrient management, and organic farming. The health of the nation’s soil is the bedrock of its agricultural future.

Q1) What do you mean by Bangar and khadar with reference to alluvial soil?  Mark 1

Q2) Define soil erosion and factors associated with soil erosion? Mark 1

Answer The denudation of the soil cover and subsequent washing down is described as soil erosion. Factors responsible for soil erosion are deforestation, over-grazing, construction and mining etc., while natural forces like wind, glacier and water also play a key role.

Q3) How farming can also leads to soil erosion and write about methods to avoid it? Mark 2

Answer Soil erosion is also caused due to defective methods of farming. Ploughing in a wrong way leads to soil erosion. Steps can be cut out on the slopes making terraces.Terrace cultivation restricts erosion

Cast Study 7

India has been under colonial rule for several years. The colonising countries were able to use their technological advancements to establish their supremacy over other countries. Resource and raw materials were the main cause of colonial rule. They exploit the natural resources of the region for their own benefits. Because of this, development in the post-independence period does not involve only availability of resources but also technology, quality of human resources and historical experiences of people.

Based on the above paragraph answer the following questions-

1.) Find the incorrect pair of natural resources found in India

a.) Jharkhand – coal deposits

b.) Arunachal Pradesh- water resources

c.) Rajasthan- hydropower

d.) Chhattisgarh – mineral deposits

2.) Which one of the following Is not the correct reason for the colonial rule in India

a.) Britishers colonised India for exploiting its natural resources and developing their  native country.

b.) Britishers colonised India for using its natural resources and developing it.

c.) India was devoid of any technological advancement of the contemporary period.

d.) India had a poor governance system based on traditional laws.

3.) What are the major changes which have been introduced in the post independence period for resource management in India. Elaborate your answer with examples.

The Government of India took up responsibility of resource management in the post independence period. There is a focus upon the equitable development and resource planning for overall development of the country. Some of the important to steps taken by the government are-

1.) Balanced resource planning was undertaken at the Central, state, district, and regional level.

2.) Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the resources of the country to avoid its over exploitation. Example- mapping, surveying etc.

3.) Planned development through five year plans which give a certain perspective and direction to the development efforts of the government.

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Case Study Questions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development

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Here we are providing case study questions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development.

Case Study Question 1:

Resources are vital for any developmental activity. But irrational consumption and over-utilisation of resources may lead to socioeconomic and environmental problems. To overcome these problems, resource conservation at various levels is important. This had been the main concern of the leaders and thinkers in the past. For example, Gandhiji was very apt in voicing his concern about resource conservation in these words: “There is enough for everybody’s need and not for any body’s greed.” He placed the greedy and selfish individuals and exploitative nature of modern technology as the root cause for resource depletion at the global level. He was against mass production and wanted to replace it with the production by the masses.

Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate options:

(i) Resources are vital for (a) Developmental activity (b) Commercial activity (c) Social activity (d) Environmental activity

(ii) Irrational consumption and over-utilisation of resources may lead to (a) Social Problems (b) Commercial Problems (c) Environmental Problems (d) All of the above

(iii) “There is enough for everybody’s need and not for any body’s greed.” Who said this? (a) Jawaharlal Nehru (b) Mahatma Gandhi (c) Rajendra Prasad (d) Vinoba Bhave

(iv) What had been the main concern of the leaders and thinkers in the past? (a) Ocean conservation (b) Soil conservation (c) Biodiversity conservation (d) Resource conservation

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Tips to prepare for case study questions for class 10 social science.

Preparing for case study and passage-based questions in class 10 social science can be challenging, but it is important to remember that with the right approach, you can effectively tackle these types of questions. Here are some steps you can take to prepare for case study questions for class 10 social science:

  • Understand the format of case study questions: Case study questions for class 10 social science usually require you to read a scenario or a passage and answer a set of questions based on it. These questions can be based on various topics like history, geography, economics, or civics.
  • Read and analyze the case study or passage carefully: The first step in answering case study questions is to read the scenario or passage carefully. Try to identify the main idea or theme of the passage and note down any important details that you think are relevant. Pay attention to any maps, graphs, or charts that are included as they can be helpful in answering the questions.
  • Identify the type of questions being asked: After reading the case study or passage, you should analyze the questions being asked. Try to identify the type of question, whether it is a factual question or an analytical question. Factual questions require you to provide specific details from the passage, while analytical questions require you to use your critical thinking skills to analyze the information presented in the passage.
  • Use your textbook and notes: To prepare for case study questions for class 10 social science, it is important to have a thorough understanding of the topics covered in your textbook. Go through your notes and textbook to revise the relevant topics and concepts. This will help you to answer the questions more accurately.
  • Practice sample questions: One of the best ways to prepare for case study questions is to practice answering sample questions. Try to find sample questions online or in your textbook and practice answering them. This will help you to get comfortable with the format of the questions and improve your speed and accuracy.

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Class 10 Social Science Case Study Questions

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If you’re looking for CBSE Class 10 Social Science case study questions, myCBSEguide provides all the resources you need. We have a wide range of Class 10 Social Science case studies covering various topics, and our team of experts is on hand to provide guidance and support to Class 10 students. Whether you’re struggling with a particular topic or just need some extra help, myCBSEguide is the perfect place to turn.

Purpose of Class 10 Social Science

Up to the secondary level of schooling, social science is a core course. It is an essential component of a general education because it assists Class 10 Social Science students in comprehending the environment as a whole and acquiring a broader perspective as well as an empirical, reasonable, and humanitarian outlook. This is critical because it helps Class 10 Social Science students into well-informed and responsible citizens with the required qualities and skills to effectively engage and contribute to the process of development and nation-building.

Case Study Questions in Class 10 Social Science

Class 10 social science curriculum includes a wide range of topics. One way to help students learn and retain information from these topics is to incorporate case studies into the classroom. Case studies can provide real-world examples of the concepts being taught, and help students to understand how the theory can be applied in practice.

Incorporating case studies into the Class 10 social science curriculum can also help to develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills. By working through a case study, Class 10 social science students can learn how to identify key issues, consider different options and make decisions. These skills will be valuable in their future studies and careers.

Whichever way case studies are used, they can be a valuable addition to the Class 10 social science curriculum.

Class 10 Social Science Case Study Questions Samples

Students must solve a range of Class 10 Social Science case study questions in order to achieve good grades in Social Science. Students in Class 10 Social Science must be looking for some samples of case study questions in order to improve their grades. myCBSEguide has collected a variety of case study questions for Class 10 Social Science that will undoubtedly assist all students studying the subject. We’ve put created a collection of Class 10 Social Science case study questions for you.

Class 10 Social Science Case Study Question 1

Class 10 HISTORY: The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow: Frederic Sorrieu prepared a series of four prints visualizing his dream of a world made up of ‘democratic and social Republics’, as he called them. The first print of the series shows the peoples of Europe and America – men and women of all ages and social classes – marching in a long train, and offering homage to the Statue of Liberty as they pass by it. Artists of the time of the French Revolution personified Liberty as a female figure. She bears the torch of Enlightenment in one hand and the Charter of the Rights of Man in the other. On the earth in the foreground of the image lie the shattered remains of the symbols of absolutist institutions. In Sorrieu’s utopian vision, the peoples of the world are grouped as distinct nations, identified through their flags and national costume. Leading the procession, way past the Statue of Liberty, are the United States and Switzerland, which by this time were already nation-states. France, identifiable by the revolutionary tricolour, has just reached the statue. She is followed by the peoples of Germany, bearing the black, red and gold flag. Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

Who was Frederic Sorrieu?

  • French artist
  • German Artist
  • Italian Artist
  • British Artist

In which year did Frederic Sorrier prepare a series of four prints?

Which of the following statements correctly describes “absolutist”?

  • Monarchical Government
  • Democratic Government
  • Uncentralised Government
  • Bureaucratic Government

Which of the following is correct with respect to “utopian vision”?

  • Homogenous society
  • Monarchical society
  • Ideal society
  • All are correct

Answer Key:

  • (a) French artist
  • (a) Monarchical Government
  • (c) Ideal society

Class 10 Social Science Case Study Question 2

Class 10 GEOGRAPHY: Lifelines of National Economy

Read the extract and answer the question that follows:

We use different materials and services in our daily life. Some of these are available in our immediate surroundings, while other requirements are met by bringing things from other places. Goods and services do not move from supply locales to demand locales on their own. The movement of these goods and services from their supply locations to demand locations necessitates the need for transport. Some people are engaged in facilitating these movements. These are known to be traders who make the products come to the consumers by transportation. Thus, the pace of development of a country depends upon the production of goods and services as well as their movement over space. Therefore, efficient means of transport are pre-requisites for fast development.

The movement of these goods and services can be over three important domains of our earth i.e. land, water and air. Based on these, transport can also be classified into the land, water and air transport. For a long time, trade and transport were restricted to limited space. With the development in science and technology, the area of influence of trade and transport expanded far and wide.

Today, the world has been converted into a large village with the help of efficient and fast-moving transport. Transport has been able to achieve this with the help of an equally developed communication system. Therefore, transport, communication and trade are complementary to each other.

  • Explain the necessity of means of transport in modern times. (1)
  • Enumerate the domains and means of transport. (2)
  • Why are efficient means of transport pre-requisites for the fast development of the country? (2)
  • The movement of goods and services from their supply locations to demand locations necessitates the need for transport.
  • The movement of these goods and services can be over three important domains of our earth i.e. land, water and air.
  • Based on these, transport can also be classified into the land, water and air transport.
  • (Any two relevant points)
  • Efficient and good transport for speedy movement of goods and services to different parts of India and to fulfill the needs of the people is needed.
  • Goods and services do not move from supply locations to demand locations on their own. This necessitates the need for transport.
  •  Some people are engaged in facilitating these movements. They go to traders who make the products and take them to the consumers by transportation.
  • Thus, the pace of development of a country depends upon the production of goods and services as well as their movements over space.

Class 10 Social Science Case Study Question 3

Class 10 POLITICAL SCIENCE: Power-sharing

Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow: The Belgian leaders recognised the existence of regional differences and cultural diversities. Between 1970 and 1993, they amended their constitution four times so as to work out an arrangement that would enable everyone to live together within the same country. The arrangement they worked out is different from any other country and is very innovative. Here are some of the elements of the Belgian model:

  • Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government. Some special laws require the support of the majority of members from each linguistic group.
  • Many powers of the central government have been given to state governments of the two regions of the country. The state governments are not subordinate to the Central Government.
  • Brussels has a separate government in which both the communities have equal representation. The French-speaking people accepted equal representation in Brussels because the Dutch-speaking community has accepted equal representation in the Central Government.
  • Apart from the Central and the State Government, there is a third kind of government. This ‘community government’ is elected by people belonging to one language community – Dutch, French and German-speaking – no matter where they live. This government has the power regarding cultural, educational and language-related issues.

Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

  • India, Srilanka
  • Belgium, Sri Lanka
  • Wallonia, Brussels
  • Flemish, Wallonia
  • Which of the following is not the element of “Belgian model”?
  • Equal number of ministers for both the groups
  • Setting up of Community Government
  • More power to the central government
  • Equal representation at the state and central level
  • “Apart from the Central and the State Government, there is a third kind of government”. Which of the following is incorrect with respect to this?
  • The unique government is Community Government
  • A single social group is given powers to handle community-related affairs
  • Elected by people belonging to Dutch, French and German-speaking
  • Power regarding cultural, educational and language-related issues
  • Which of the following title best describes the given passage?
  • The ethnic composition of Belgium
  • Accommodation in Sri Lanka
  • Accommodation in Belgium
  • The ethnic composition of Sri Lanka
  • (b) Belgium, Sri Lanka
  • (c) More power to central government. [Explanation: Many powers of the central government have been given to state governments of the two regions of the country. The state governments are not subordinate to the Central Government.]
  • (b) Single social group is given powers to handle the community-related affairs. [Explanation: A community government is one in which different social groups are given powers to handle community-related affairs.]
  • (c) Accommodation in Belgium

Class 10 Social Science Case Study Question 4

Class 10 ECONOMICS: Development

Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow: Besides seeking more income, oneway or the other, people also seek things like equal treatment, freedom, security, and respect of others. They resent discrimination. All of these are important goals. In fact, in some cases, these may be more important than more income or more consumption because material goods are not all that you need to live. Money, or material things that one can buy with it, is one factor on which our life depends. But the quality of our life also depends on non-material things. Consider an example: If you get a job in a far-off place, before accepting it you would try to consider many factors, apart from income, such as facilities for your family, working atmosphere, or opportunity to learn. In another case, a job may give you less pay but may offer regular employment that enhances your sense of security. Another job, however, may offer high pay but no job security and also leave no time for your family. This will reduce your sense of security and freedom. Similarly, for development, people look at a mix of goals. It is true that if women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society increases. However, it is also the case that if there is respect for women there would be more sharing of housework and a greater acceptance of women working outside. A safe and secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business. Hence, the developmental goals that people have are not only about better income but also about other important things in life. Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

  • Opportunity to learn
  • Working atmosphere
  • Job security
  • All of the above
  • The approach of living a life in bungalows, with costly cars, bikes and international tours is ________ life.
  • Materialistic
  • Both a and c
  • “Women, who are engaged in paid jobs are an example of persons who fulfil a mix of goals.” Which of the following statement is incorrect with the given statement?
  • A secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business.
  • If there is respect for women, there would be greater acceptance of women working outside.
  • If women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society decreases.
  • “Besides seeking more income, people also seek things like equal treatment, freedom, security and respect of others”. What does the given statement signify?
  • Mixed goals are important for people for development.
  • Common goals are important for people for development.
  • Conflicting goals are important for people for development.
  • Similar goals are important for people for development.
  • (d) All of the above
  • (a) Materialistic
  • (c) If women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society decreases. [Explanation: If women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society increases.]
  • (a) Mixed goals are important for people for development.

Class 10 Social Science curriculum at a glance

The material of the Class 10 Social Science curriculum is mostly drawn from history, geography, politics, and economics. There are also elements of Sociology and Commerce. They provide a holistic vision of society in space and time, as well as in relation to one another. The numerous methods of inquiry used in each topic assist Class 10 Social Science students in understanding society from various perspectives and forming a comprehensive vision. Class 10 Social Science curriculum is designed to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of various disciplines like History, Geography, Economics and Political Science.

The table below provides the complete syllabus structure for Class 10 Social Science curriculum.

Class 10 SOCIAL SCIENCE COURSE CONTENT

Reasons to choose myCBSEguide for class 10

There are many reasons to choose myCBSEguide for CBSE social science Class 10.

  • First and foremost, myCBSEguide provides comprehensive and up-to-date study material for the entire syllabus including class 10 social science case study questions. In addition, myCBSEguide also provides practice questions, sample papers and previous year question papers to help students prepare for the exams.
  • Another reason to choose myCBSEguide is the online tests. Online tests are a great way to test your knowledge and prepare for the exams.
  • Finally, myCBSEguide also provides a “Home Work help” forum where students can ask questions and get answers.

In conclusion, myCBSEguide is the ideal resource for CBSE social science Class 10 students, offering everything they need to excel in their studies.

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Case Study Questions Class 10 Geography -Lifelines of National Economy

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Case study Questions on Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 7  are very important to solve for your exam. Class 10 Social Science Chapter 7 Case Study Questions Class 10 Geography has been prepared for the latest exam pattern. You can check your knowledge by solving case study-based questions for Class 10 Social Science Chapter 7 Lifelines of National Economy

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In CBSE Class 10 Social Science Paper, Students will have to answer some questions based on  Assertion and Reason . There will be a few questions based on case studies and passage-based as well. In that, a paragraph will be given, and then the MCQ questions based on it will be asked.

Lifelines of National Economy Case Study Questions With Answers

Here, we have provided case-based/passage-based questions for Class 10 Social Science  Chapter 7 Lifelines of National Economy

Case Study/Passage-Based Questions

Case Study 1: Railways are the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India. Railways also make it possible for people to conduct multifarious activities like business, sightseeing, pilgrimage along with transportation of goods over longer distances. Apart from being an important means of transport, the Indian Railways have been a great integrating force for more than 150 years. Railways in India bind the economic life of the country as well as accelerate the development of industry and agriculture. The Indian Railway is now reorganised into 16 zones. The distribution pattern of the Railway network in the country has been largely influenced by physiographic, economic, and administrative factors. The Northern plains with their vast level, high population density, and rich agricultural resources provided the most favorable condition for their growth. However, a large number of rivers requiring the construction of bridges across their wide beds posed some obstacles. In the hilly terrains of the peninsular region, railway tracts are laid through low hills, gaps or tunnels

(i) Which of the following factors are responsible for distribution pattern of railways network in the country? Identify the correct option: (a) Topographical factors (b) Economic and administrative factors (c) Social factors (d) Both (a) and (b)

Answer: (d) Both (a) and (b)

(ii) Assertion (A): Rail Transport is the most convenient means of transportation in the Northern Plains. Reason (R): The Northern Plains are densely populated, which enables the maximum number of people to utilize this means of transport. Codes (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A (b) Both A and Rare true, but R is not the correct explanation of A (c) A is true, but R is false (d) A is false, but R is true

Answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

(iii) When was the first railway line opened in India? (a) 1803 (b) 1823 (c) 1853 (d) 1854

Answer: (c) 1853

(iv) Why Indian railway network is mostly concentrated in Ganga Plains? (a) Due to concentration of Industries. (b) Due to topographical uniformity and high density of population. (c) Due to high agricultural production. (d) Due to lack of economic opportunities.

Answer: (b) Due to topographical uniformity and high density of population.

Why are the Indian Railways called the lifeline of the country? (a) Railways in India bind the economic life of the country. (b) It is the largest public undertaking in the country. (c) Railways are the principal mode of transportation for freight and passengers in India. (d) All of the above

Answer: (d) All of the above

(vi) Why is it essential to develop a unigauge system of railways in our country? (a) It will lead to a reduction in trans-shipment. (b) Because it has a larger capacity. (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) It will bring administrative convenience.

Answer: (c) Both (a) and (b)

Case Study 2: The chapter “Lifelines of National Economy” in Class 10 Geography focuses on the transportation network and its crucial role in connecting various regions and supporting economic activities. It explores different modes of transportation, including roadways, railways, waterways, and airways, and their significance in the movement of goods, people, and services. The chapter discusses the development of transportation infrastructure, such as the Golden Quadrilateral, dedicated freight corridors, and national waterways. It also highlights the challenges faced in transportation, such as inadequate infrastructure, congestion, and environmental concerns. Additionally, the chapter examines the role of communication networks, including the internet, in facilitating trade, commerce, and connectivity.

Which chapter in Class 10 Geography focuses on the transportation network?

a) Chapter 2: Forests and Wildlife Resources

b) Chapter 4: Agriculture

c) Chapter 7: Minerals and Energy Resources

d) Chapter 10: Lifelines of National Economy

Answer: d) Chapter 10: Lifelines of National Economy

What are the different modes of transportation discussed in the chapter?

a) Only roadways and railways

b) Only waterways and airways

c) Only railways and airways

d) Roadways, railways, waterways, and airways

Answer: d) Roadways, railways, waterways, and airways

What is the significance of transportation in the economy?

a) It has no impact on economic activities.

b) It facilitates the movement of goods, people, and services.

c) It hinders economic development.

d) It promotes environmental conservation.

Answer: b) It facilitates the movement of goods, people, and services.

What are some of the challenges faced in transportation?

a) Adequate infrastructure and efficient connectivity

b) Lack of congestion and environmental concerns

c) Inadequate infrastructure, congestion, and environmental concerns

d) High speed and seamless connectivity

Answer: c) Inadequate infrastructure, congestion, and environmental concerns

Hope the information shed above regarding Case Study and Passage Based Questions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 7 Lifelines of National Economy Resources with Answers Pdf free download has been useful to an extent. If you have any other queries of CBSE Class 10 Social Science Lifelines of National Economy Case Study and Passage Based Questions with Answers, feel free to comment below so that we can revert back to us at the earliest possible By Team Study Rate

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CBSE Class 10 Social Science Case Study Questions Download Free PDF

If you are looking for the CBSE Class 10 Social Science Case Study Questions in PDF, then you are in the right place. CBSE 10th Class Case Study for the Social Science Subject is available here. These Case studies can help the students to solve the different types of questions that are based on the case study.

case study questions geography class 10

The Social Science Subject case study for class 10th covers a wide range of chapters from the Social Science. Students willing to score good marks in their board exams can use it. The questions are highly interactive and it allows students to use their thoughts and skills to solve such kinds of questions.

CBSE 10th Social Science Exam 2022-23 : Case Study Questions With Answers

In class 10th board exams 2023, students will observe new types of case study questions. For the first time, the board introduced the case study questions in the board exam. we have provided the chapter-wise case study question with answers.

The above  Case studies for Class 10 Social Science  will help you to boost your scores as Case Study questions have been coming in your examinations. These CBSE Class 10 Social Science Case Study’s have been developed by experienced teachers of  cbseexpert.com  for benefit of Class 10 students.

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For CBSE Class 10, the board has decided to introduce a minimum of 30 percent competency-based questions in form of case study questions, MCQs, source-based integrated questions, etc. in the new exam pattern 2022-2023. Therefore, students should make themselves familiar with the case study questions to learn the right process for approaching these new types of questions with accuracy.

Case Study Type Questions in Social Science Class 10

Case Study Type Questions in Social Science Class 10 include the information or data. Students willing to solve them are required to read the passage carefully and then solve them. While solving the paragraph the ideal way is to highlight the key information or given data.

Because later it will ease them to write the final answers. Science Case study type questions consist of 4 to 5 questions that should be answered in an MCQ manner. 

While reading the paragraph students will get the clue in between about the possible answer of the question. They should definitely highlight those questions. This is the best way to solve such kind of Case study Type Questions.

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CBSE Class 10 Social Science Exam Tomorrow: Practice Important Case Study Questions for High Score

Cbse class 10 social science case study questions: find here important case study questions to practise for the cbse class 10 social science exam which is scheduled for march 7, 2024. all questions are provided with answers for quick revision..

Gurmeet Kaur

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Case Study Questions: CBSE Class 10 Social Science Paper which is scheduled for tomorrow, March 7, 2024, will have a section comprising, entirely, of questions based on case studies. Section E of the paper will have 3 case based questions (question no. 34 to 36) with each carrying 4 marks. In such questions, students will be given a passage discussing a specific global issue or an incident. Each passage or paragraph will be followed by a set of questions. These questions will have to be answered on a student’s understanding of the passage. In this article, we have provided some important case study based questions for Class 10 Social Science which are going to be very helpful in your last minute preparations for the CBSE Class 10 Social Science Board Exam 2023. Practise with all questions and answers given below to get prepared for the exam and secure maximum marks in CBSE Class 10 SSt Exam 2024.

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Case Based Questions 2024

1. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow: The biological loss is strongly correlated with the loss of cultural diversity. Such losses have increasingly marginalized and impoverished many indigenous and other forest-dependent communities, who directly depend on various components of the forest and wildlife for food, drink, medicine, culture, spirituality, etc. Within the poor, women are affected more than men. In many societies, women bear the major responsibility of collection of fuel, fodder, water and other basic subsistence needs. As these resources are depleted, the drudgery of women increases and sometimes they have to walk for more than 10 km to collect these resources. This causes serious health problems for women and negligence of home and children because of the increased hours of work, which often has serious social implications. The indirect impact of degradation such as severe drought or deforestation-induced floods, etc. also hits the poor the hardest.

(i)Mention the importance of forests in our life.  (ii) How does biological loss of forest and wildlife correlate with the loss of cultural diversity?

(i)Importance of forests in our life: Forests provide us with wood, food, medicines, honey, etc. Forests are a habitat for a number of animals. Forests help to maintain ecological balance and food chain, rain, oxygen, etc. (ii)Loss of cultural diversity: Many indigenous communities depend on forests for various components of forest and wildlife will be increasingly marginalized and impoverished Women have to walk long distance to collect basic necessities, increased hours of work,this causes health problems. Natural calamities like severe drought and deforestation induced floods will increase. If forests are destroyed poor people will be deprived of the basic necessities.

Related:  C BSE Class 10 Social Science Important Questions for Board Exam 2024

2.Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow: Irrigation has also changed the cropping pattern of many regions with farmers shifting to water intensive and commercial crops. This has great ecological consequences like Stalinization of soil. At the same time, it has transformed the social landscape for e.g.; increasing the social gap between the richer land owners and landless poor. As a result, we can see, the dams did create conflicts between people wanting different uses and benefits from the same water resources. In Gujarat, the Sabarmati basin farmers were agitated and almost caused a riot over the higher priority given to water supply in Urban areas, particularly during droughts. Inter-state water disputes were also becoming common with regard to sharing the costs and benefits of multi-purpose projects. (i) How did cropping pattern change by irrigation? (ii) Analyse the statement “Dams created conflict between people.” (iii) What are the consequences of irrigation on Soil and social landscape

(i) Many farmers because of increased availability of water have switched over to the cultivation of water intensive commercial crops such as Jute/Cotton and Tea, rather than food grains such as Bajra, Wheat and Ragi. (ii) Dams cause mostly internal disputes for the sharing and non-sharing of water benefits to each other. Displacement of local people of the area. (iii) Water logging and salinisation of soil is common problem associated with irrigation.

3.Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:

Industrial locations are complex in nature. These are influenced by availability of raw material, labour, capital, power and market, etc. It is rarely possible to find all these factors available at one place. Consequently, manufacturing activity tends to locate at the most appropriate place where all the factors of industrial location are either available or can be arranged at lower cost. After an industrial activity starts, urbanisation follows. Sometimes, industries are located in or near the cities. Thus, industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand. Cities provide markets and also provide services such as banking, insurance, transport, labour, consultants and financial advice, etc. to the industry. Many industries tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban centres known as agglomeration economies. Gradually, a large industrial agglomeration takes place. (i) On what factors are the location of the industry dependent on? (ii) What do you understand by agglomeration economies? (iii) How do industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand?

(i) It is dependent on availability of raw material, labour, capital, power and market, etc. (ii) Many industries tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban centres known as agglomeration economies. (iii) Cities provide markets and also provide services such as banking, insurance, transport, labour, consultants and financial advice, etc. to the industry.

4.Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow: The value of final goods and services produced in each sector during a particular year provides the total production of the sector for that year. And the sum of production in the three sectors gives what is called the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country. It is the value of all final goods and services produced within a country during a particular year. GDP shows how big the economy is. In India, the mammoth task of measuring GDP is undertaken by a central government ministry. This Ministry, with the help of various government departments of all the Indian states and union territories, collects information relating to total volume of goods and services and their prices and then estimates the GDP. When we produce a good by exploiting natural resources, it is an activity of the primary sector. The secondary sector in which natural products are changed into other forms through ways of manufacturing that we associate with industrial activity. After primary and secondary, there is a third category of activities that falls under the tertiary sector and is different from the above two. These are activities that help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors. These activities, by themselves, do not produce a good but they are an aid or a support for the production process. (i) Which sector has emerged as the largest producing sector in India? (ii) Life insurance is an activity of which sector? (iii) What is GDP?

(i)Tertiary Sector (ii) Tertiary Sector (iii) The money value of all the final goods and services produced within a country during a particular year.

5.Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow: In 1956, an Act was passed to recognise Sinhala as the only official language, thus disregarding Tamil. The governments followed preferential policies that favoured Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs. A new constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism. All these government measures, coming one after the other, gradually increased the feeling of alienation among the Sri Lankan Tamils. They felt that none of the major political parties led by the Buddhist Sinhala leaders was sensitive to their language and culture. They felt that the constitution and government policies denied them equal political rights, discriminated against them in getting jobs and other opportunities and ignored their interests. As a result, the relations between the Sinhala and Tamil communities strained over time. The Sri Lankan Tamils launched parties and struggles for the recognition of Tamil as an official language, for regional autonomy and equality of opportunity in securing education and jobs. But their demand for more autonomy to provinces populated by the Tamils was repeatedly denied. By 1980s several political organisations were formed demanding an independent Tamil Eelam in northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka. 1.  What is the moral reason behind power sharing? A. It gives absolute power to the government B. It gives absolute power to the people. C. It is the very spirit of democracy D. It ensures development. 2. Which is the official language of Sri-Lanka? A. Hindi B. Tamil C. Sinhala D. None of these 3. Sri-Lanka emerged as an independent country in---- A.1956 B.1948 C .1947 D.1951 4. Sri-Lanka is an island nation, just a few kilometres off the southern coast of A. Tamil Nadu B. Kerala C. Goa D. Karnataka 5. Population of Sri-Lankan Tamils is concentrated in- regions of Sri-Lanka. A. North and East B. North and south C. North and West D. South and west

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science (Geography) – Free PDF Download

Ncert solutions for class 10 geography.

NCERT is on the priority list of recommendation of the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). Here, you will find all the chapter-wise NCERT solutions for Class 10 Geography. It will help you to understand the subject and perform well in exams.

Geography is a very important part of our education system as along with having great importance from the examination point of view, it is very important from the practical aspect also. Hence, NCERT solutions help the students to clear their respective doubts from reading the NCERT. Moreover, it will help them to score well in exams.

Toppr.com has a specialized team who provide NCERT solutions considering the needs of the students. Moreover, the team is available to clear all doubts of the students.

You can download NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography from the links below. For more study materials and NCERT Solutions for other subjects download Toppr app for Android and iOS .

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapterwise

Chapter 1: Resources and Development

Chapter 2: Forest and Wildlife Resources

Chapter 3: Water Resources

Chapter 4: Agriculture

Chapter 5: Mineral and Energy Resources

Chapter 6: Manufacturing Industries

Chapter 7: Lifelines of National Economy

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography

Chapterwise NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography

Ncert solutions for class 10 geography chapter 1 resources and development.

Resource in itself is a wide term due to the availability of various resources throughout the globe. This chapter discusses the classification of resources on various basis. Moreover, it covers topics like Development of Resources, Resource Conservation, etc. Download NCERT Solutions for this chapter here .

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources

Indian biodiversity is incomplete without flora and fauna. The chapter highlights the concept of biodiversity. Moreover, it states the various kinds of species found in different bio-diversities and regions along with the conservation methods to protect the species. Download NCERT Solutions for this chapter here .

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Water Resources

Do you know that 70% of Earth is covered by water? But still, we face water scarcity. This chapter highlights the issues of water scarcity and various reasons behind it. It also suggests some measures to conserve water and manage the problem of water scarcity. Download NCERT Solutions for this chapter here .

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Agriculture

60% of the Indian Population is engaged in agriculture and its related activities. It is one of the most important sectors as it provides employment, removes poverty, etc. In this chapter, you will witness topics like Types of Farming, Different types of crops and its respective distribution throughout the map of India. Download NCERT Solutions for this chapter here .

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Mineral and Energy Resources

This chapter deals with the concept of minerals, types, and classification of minerals, availability, and extraction of resources from different parts of the country, and conversation of minerals. Download NCERT Solutions for this chapter here .

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

If agriculture is the cart of growth of the economy then manufacturing industries are the wheels. It is believed that behind the success of any developed country, industries have played an important role. This chapter highlights the importance of Manufacturing, Types of Industries, Availability of various kinds of industries in different parts of the country, etc. Download NCERT Solutions for this chapter here .

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 7 Lifelines of National Economy

Lifelines or the service sector of the economy is the most important sector for economic development in the present era. In starting, this chapter talks about the various means of transport. Moreover, it shows the distribution of means of transport throughout the country. Download NCERT Solutions for this chapter here .

Solved Questions for You

Question 1: What is the significance of border roads?

Answer:   Border roads are strategically important as they improve accessibility to areas like the northern and north eastern border areas which have a difficult terrain.

Question 2: What is manufacturing?

Answer: Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing.

Question 3: Distinguish between the ferrous and non-ferrous minerals.

Answer:  The mineral which contains iron is termed as a ferrous mineral. Iron-ore, manganese, chromite, pyrites, tungsten, nickel, Cobalt, etc. are important examples of ferrous minerals.

On the other hand, non-ferrous minerals are those which do not have an iron contact in it. Gold, silver, copper, lead, bauxite, tin, magnesium, etc are the examples of non-ferrous minerals.

Question 4: Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it.

Answer: Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh are states having black soil. Cotton is mainly grown in black soil.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10

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  • CBSE Class 10 Important Questions
  • CBSE Class 10 Geography Important Questions
  • Geography Chapter 1 Resource And Development

CBSE Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development Important Questions

CBSE Class 10 exam is a public exam and a crucial one for the students. If they want to move ahead to higher classes, they are required to get passing marks in these exams. To score good marks in the Class 10 exams, students are recommended to go through these important questions we have compiled. We have here the CBSE Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development Important Questions. These will help the students to brush up their knowledge about the subject.

The marks that students score in Class 10 will be the deciding factor for the students to get into a college of their choice. CBSE SSC Class 10 Geography important questions are a beneficial resource for the students, as it helps to develop their skills to answer questions from the NCERT Contemporary India textbook. Practising these important questions for Class 10 Geography makes their learning effective and also improves their performance in the exam.

Download CBSE Board Class 10 Geography Important Questions PDF

Class 10 Geography Important Questions

1. Which one of the following types of resources is iron ore?

(a) Renewable

(d) Non-renewable

2. Justify the statement, “Resources are a function of human activities”.

3. Explain the classification of resources on the basis of exhaustibility and give two examples each.

4. Which soil is known as cotton soil?

5. Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?

(a) Intensive cultivation

(c) Over irrigation

(b) Deforestation

(d) Overgrazing

6 . Give two examples of renewable resources.

7. Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it.

8. What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas?

9. How are natural resources important for man? Give five points.

10. What do you understand by “sustainable economic development?”

11. What is agenda 21?

12. What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give three main features of this type of soil.

13. What are the biotic and biotic resources? Give some examples.

14. How has technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources?

15. Explain 3 stages of resource planning.

16. Whom did Gandhiji make responsible for the depletion of resources at the global level?

17. Explain soil erosion and give the steps that should be taken to control soil erosion.

18. What is Laterite soil?

19. Why has the land under forests not increased much from 1960-61?

20. State the geographical factors that are responsible for the evolution of black soil. Why is it considered the most suitable for growing cotton?

21. Write three physical and three human factors which determine the use of land.

22. Write four institutional efforts made at global level for ‘resource conservation’.

23. Distinguish between the following:

a) Potential and Developed Resources b) Stock and Reserves

Stay tuned and get more resources to prepare for the CBSE Class 10 Exams. Students can access CBSE study materials like CBSE Sample Papers, textbooks, previous year papers and more.

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Resources and Development Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Extra Questions and Answers

CBSE Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development Extra Questions and Answers is available here. Students can learn and download PDF of these questions for free. These extra questions and answers are prepared by our expert teachers as per the latest NCERT textbook and guidelines. Learning these questions will help you to score excellent marks in the board exams.

Resources and Development Class 10 Extra Questions Geography Chapter 1

Very short answer type questions.

1. What is a Resource? Give two examples.

Answer:  Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, provided, it is technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable can be termed as Resource. Coal, water, air, minerals etc. are some examples of resource.

2. What is the role of humans in resource development ?

Answer:  (i) Human beings interact with nature through technology and create institutions to accelerate their economic development. (ii) Human beings transfer material available in our environment into resource and use them.

3. How can the resources be classified on the basis of origin ? [CBSE 2010] Answer:  Biotic and Abiotic.

4. What are abiotic resources? [CBSE 2014] Answer:  All those things which are composed of non – living things are called abiotic resources.

5. A gas reserve has been discovered in an Ocean. The reserve is 19 km from the coast of the nation. Will it be considered an international resource or a national resource. Answer:  All the resources upto 12 nautical miles (19.2 km) from the coast are termed as national resources. So this will be a national resource.

6. “There is enough for everybody’s need and not for anybody’s greed”. Who said these words? Answer:  Mahatma Gandhi

7. It is important to use the available land for various purposes with careful planning”. Give reason. Answer:  Because land is an asset of a finite magnitude.

8. How can the resources be divided on the basis of exhaustibility? Answer:  Renewable and Non-renewable.

9. Classify the following resources as biotic and abiotic. (i) Metals (ii) Fauna

Answer:  (i) Metals – abiotic (ii) Fauna – biotic

10. Give a single word for the following : (i) Materials which have the potential to satisfy human needs but human beings do not have the appropriate technology. (ii) The resources which can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical or mechanical processes. Answer:  (i) Stock (ii) Renewable

11. Name any two states of India which are well endowed with solar energy. Answer:  Gujarat and Rajasthan.

12. Name any two factors on which resource development depends. Answer:  (i) Technology (ii) Quality of human resources.

13. What is total geographical area of India? Answer:  3.28 million s km.

14. Mention any two factors which determines the land use pattern of a nation. Answer:  (i) Topography (ii) Population

15. What is wasteland? Answer:  An unused area of land like rocky, arid and desert areas.

16. What is net sown area? [CBSE 2014] Answer:  Area sown once a year is known as net sown area.

17. What is gross sown area? Answer:  This represents the total sown area once/or more than once in a particular year i.e. the area is counted as many as times as there are sowings in a year.

18. Name any two states which have high percentage of net sown area. Answer:  Punjab and Haryana

19. Name any two states Which have very low percentage of net sown area. Answer:  Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram

20. How much degraded land is present in India ?  Answer:  130 million hectares.

21. Name any two states where over grazing is one of the main reasons for land degradation. Answer:  (i) Madhya Pradesh (ii) Rajasthan

22. What are biotic resources? [CBSE 2014] Answer:  These are obtained from biosphere and have life such as human beings, flora and fauna, fisheries, livestock etc.

23. Name any two states where over irrigation is responsible for land degradation. Answer:  (i) Punjab (ii) Haryana

24. Name any two states where mining is responsible for land degradation. Answer:  Jharkhand and Madhya Pradesh.

25. How over-irrigation leads to land degradation? Answer:  Over-irrigation degrades land due to water logging leading to increase in salinity and alkalinity of the soil.

26. How can land degradation be checked in Rajasthan as the state is having arid soil? Mention any two methods. Answer:  (i) Control on over grazing. (ii) Stabilisation of sand dunes.

27. Suggest any two ways to check land degradation. [CBSE 2013, 14] Answer:  (i) Afforestation (ii) Proper management of grazing

28. Mention any two factors which have contributed in the development of various types of soils. Answer:  (i) Varied relief features. (ii) Varied climatic conditions.

29. ‘The entire northern plains are made of alluvial soils. Name the rivers due to which the soils have been deposited. Answer:  The Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra.

30. How can the alluvial soil be classified according to their age ? Answer:  (i) Khadar (ii) Bangar

31. Out of Khadar and Bangar soil which is more fertile ? Give one reason. Answer:  Khadar soil is more fertile because it has more fine particles.

32. Name any two minerals present in alluvial soil which makes it ideal for the growth of sugarcane, paddy, wheat and other cereals. Answer:  Potash and lime.

33. Name one important crop cultivated in : (i) Alluvial soil (ii) Black-soil Answer:  (i) Alluvial – Wheat (ii) Black – Cotton.

34. Which soil is ideal for growing cotton ? [CBSE 2014] Answer:  Black soil.

35. Which soil is well known for their capacity to hold moisture ? Give reason. Answer:  Black soil. Because black soil is made up of extremely fine clayey material.

36. Name a mineral in which the black soil is poor. Answer:  Phosphoric contents.

37. Why black soil is tilled immediately after the first shower ? Answer:  These soils are sticky when wet and difficult to work on.

38. Name the soil which develops on crystalline igneous rocks. Answer:  Red soil.

39. ‘Laterite’ has been derived from the Greek word ‘later’. What does the term later mean? Answer:  Brick.

40. The running water cuts through clayey soils and makes deep channels. What are they called?

Answer:  Gully erosion.

41. Which state has mostly laterite soil? Answer:  Karnataka.

42. Which soil types is the result of intense leaching due to heavy rainfall? Answer:  Laterite soil.

43. Name the soil which develops in areas with high temperature and heavy rainfall. Answer:  Laterite soil.

44. Name any two crops associated with laterite soil. Answer: Tea and coffee.

45. Which soils are generally sandy in texture and saline in nature? Answer:  Arid soils.

46. ‘The lower horizon of the arid soils are occupied by kankar’. Give reason. Answer:  This is because of increasing calcium content downwards.

47. Name any two natural factors which are responsible for soil erosion. Answer:  Wind and glacier.

48. By which name is the bad land known in chambal basin? Answer:  Ravines.

49. What is sheet erosion? Answer:  When the top layer of the soil is removed over a large area by running water, it is called sheet erosion.

50. What is wind erosion? Answer:  Wind blows loose soil off flat or sloping land. This is known as wind erosion.

51. What is contour ploughing? Answer:  Ploughing along the contour lines is known as contour ploughing.

52. How contour ploughing helps in the soil conservation? Answer:  Ploughing along the contour lines decelerates the flow of water down the slopes.

53. What are shelter belts? Answer:  Rows of trees which are planted in between the crops are known as shelter belts.

54. How shelter belts help in file conservation of soil? Answer:  The shelter belts break up the force of the wind.

55. Name a method which has contributed significantly in soil conservation in western India. Answer:  Shelter belts.

56. What is net sown area? What percentage of total area is under net sown area in India? Answer: Area sown once in a year is known as net sown area. In 2008-2009, 46.24% of India’s area was under net sown area.

57. What is gross sown area? Answer:  Area sown more than once in an agricultural year plus net sown area is known as gross sown area.

58. Which soils is the most widely spread in India? Answer:  Alluvial soil.

59. What is bad land? Answer:  It is a land which is unsuitable for cultivation. Mainly soil erosion converts a fertile land into a bad land.

60. What is gully erosion? Answer:  Gully erosion takes place when running water cuts deep ravines in the absence of vegetation. This type of erosion makes soil unfit for cultivation.

61. What is strip cropping? Answer:  Under strip cropping large fields are divided into strips and different types of crops are grown on alternative strips along contours or across the prevailing direction of winds. This breaks up the force of the wind.

62. Mention any two man-made and two natural factors responsible for land degradation. [CBSE 2014]

Answer:  (i) Man-made: Deforestation, over- grazing, mining, quarrying. (ii) Natural: Water logging, wind, running water

63. Name any four minerals in which the black soil is rich. Answer:  (i) Calcium carbonate (ii) Magnesium (iii) Potash (iv) Lime

64. What is leaching? Name the soils which develop due to leaching. Answer: Leaching is a process by which the nutrients in the soil are washed away by heavy rains. Laterite soils develop due to leaching.

65. Mention any four proper farming technique which can be helpful in conservation of soil. Answer:  (a) Strip cropping (b) Shelter belt (c) Contour ploughing (d) Terracing

66. State two disadvantages of the red soil. Answer:  (i) The soil lacks in nitrogen, organic and phosphoric acid contents and is less fertile. (ii) Red soils are porous in nature but not retentive to moisture.

67. ‘It is important to use the available land for various purposes with careful planning’. Give reason. Answer:  Because it is an asset of a finite magnitude.

68. Mention the various forces of nature which contribute to the formation of soil. Answer:  Change in temperature, action of running water, wind and glaciers, activities of decomposers etc. contribute to the formation of soil.

Short Answer Type Questions

Answer:  Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, provided, it is technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable can be termed as Resource. Examples, coal, water, air, minerals, etc.

2. What is the importance of natural resource? Why is it necessary to conserve them?

Answer:  Resources are important for the development of any country. For example, fossil fuels are essential to generate energy, mineral resources are important for industrial development, etc. Necessary to conserve resources because: (i) Their irrational consumption and over utilisation have led to socio-economic and environmental problems. (ii) It takes million of years for the formation of natural resources. (iii) Natural resources are available in fixed quantity and they are non – renewable.

3. What are the ways to classify resources?

Answer:  (i) On the basis of origin – biotic and abiotic. (ii) On the basis of exhaustibility – renewable and non-renewable. (iii) On the basis of ownership-individual, community, national and international. (iv) On the basis of the state of development- potential, developed and stock.

4. What is the role of humans in resource development ? [CBSE 2014] Or Explain the role of humans in resource development. [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011],

Answer:  (i) Resources are function of human activities. (ii) Human beings interact with-nature through technology, and create institutions to accelerate their economic development. (iii) Human beings transfer materials available in our environment into resource, and use them. (iv) For example, river is a natural endowment and it becomes resource when its water is used for irrigation or power production.

5. What are renewable resources? Give two examples.

Answer:  The resources which can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical or mechanical processes are known as renewable or replenishable resources. For example, solar and wind energy, water, forests and wildlife, etc. The renewable resource may further be divided into continuous or flow.

 6. What are non renewable resources? Give two examples.

Answer:  These occur over a very long geological time. These resources take millions of years in their formation. Some of the resources like metals are recyclable and some like fossil fuels cannot be recycled and get exhausted with their use. For example, coal, bauxite.

7. What are individual resources? Give two examples.

Answer:  Resources which are owned by private individuals are known as individual resources. Plots, fields, house, car, book, etc. are some examples of individual resources.

8. What are community owned resources? Give two examples.

Answer:  The resources which are accessible to all the members of the community are known as community resources. Village ponds, public parks, playgrounds, etc. are some examples of community resources.

9. What are national resources? Give two examples.

Answer:  All the resources which are under the control of state or union government are known as national resources. All the resources within political boundaries are national resources because the government has the power to acquire even private property. For example, Indian railway, Bhakra dam.

10. What are potential resources? Give two examples.

Answer:  Resources which are found in a region, but have not been utilised due to lack of capital or other reasons. For example, the western parts of India particularly Rajasthan and Gujarat have enormous potential for the development of wind and solar energy, but so far these have not been developed properly.

11. What are developed resources? Give two examples.

Answer:  These are resources which have been surveyed and their quality and quantity have been determined for utilisation. The development of resources depends on technology and level of their feasibility. For example, India has a cumulative total of 2,47,847 million tones of coal resources.

12. What is stock? Give two examples.

Answer:  These are material in the environment which have the potential to satisfy the human needs but could not be used as the human beings do not have the appropriate technology to convert them into usable form. For example, water (H20) is a compound of two inflammable gases i.e., hydrogen and oxygen but human beings do not have the required technology to use them as a source of energy.

13. What are reserves? Explain with examples.

Answer:  Reserves are the subset of the stock, which can be put into use with the help of existing technical ‘know-how’ but their use has not been started. These can be used for meeting future requirements. River water can be used for generating hydroelectric power but presently, it is being utilised only to a limited extent. Thus, the water in the dams, forests etc. is a reserve which can be used in the future. ‘

14. “Planning of resources is very important for a country like India”. Justify by giving three reasons.

Answer:  (i) India has enormous diversity in the availability of resources. There are many regions which are rich in certain type of resources but are deficient in some other resources. (ii) The states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in minerals and coal deposits but lacks in infrastructural development. (iii) The states like Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh are rich in soil but lacks minerals.

15. ‘The availability of resources is the only condition for the development of any region’. What is your opinion on the statement? Explain. Or Mention any three necessary conditions for the development of resources.

Answer:  (i) Resources can contribute to development only when they are accompanied by appropriate technological development and institutional changes. (ii) There is need for quality of human resources i.e., skilled workers who can convert natural resources into more useable form. (iii) There is also a need for capital which is required to develop technology.

16. Explain the relationship between nature, technology and institutions.

Answer:  Nature contains resources. These resources are converted into usable form with the help of technology. Human beings interact with nature through technology, and create institutions to accelerate their economic development.

17. ‘India has enormous diversity in the availability of resources.’ Explain. Or “India is rich in certain types of resources but deficient in some other resources.” Support your answer with examples. [CBSE Sept. 2012, 2014] 

Answer:  (i) The states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in mineral resources but lack industrialisation. (ii) Arunachal Pradesh has an abundance of water resources, but lacks in infrastructural development. The state of Rajasthan is very well endowed with solar and wind energy but lacks in water resources. The cold desert area of Ladakh is relatively isolated from the rest of the country due to lack of means of transportation and communication. (iii) Most of North-Eastern states are rich in natural vegetation but lacks in fertile soil.

18. Study the following data carefully and answer the questions that follow: LAND FEATURES OF INDIA Land Features Area Covered (in percentage) (i) Plains 43%  (ii) Mountains 30%  (iii) Plateaus 27%  Total 100%  (i) Name the land feature which occupies the highest surface area of India. (ii) Give two advantages of the above land feature.

Answer:  (i) The plains (43%) occupy the highest surface area of India. (ii) (a) The plains provide opportunity for crop farming. (b) The plains have good climatic conditions for human habitation.

19. How over-irrigation and mining lead to land degradation? Or How is over-irrigation responsible for land degradation? Which states of India face this problem? [CBSE 2013]

Answer:  Over-irrigation and mining lead to land degradation as : (i) Over-irrigation is responsible for land degradation due to waterlogging which leads to increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil. Water logging is a major issue in Punjab, Haryana, UR (ii) The mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry calcite and soapstone for ceramic industry generate huge quantities of dust in the atmosphere. It retards the process of infiltration of water into the soil after it settles down on the land.

20. Explain the major factors which are responsible for the formation of soil. [CBSE 2009 (O), Sept. 2011] Or Explain any three factors responsible for the formation of soil. [CBSE 2013]

Answer:  (i) Relief, parent rock or bedrock, climate, vegetation and other forms of life and time are important factors in the formation of soil. (ii) Various forces of nature such as change in temperature, actions of running water, wind and glaciers, activities of decomposers, etc. contribute to the formation of soil. (iii) Chemical and organic changes which take place in the soil are equally important. (iv) Soil also consists of organic (humus) and inorganic materials.

21. Mention the criteria on the basis of which Indian soils can be classified.

Answer:  (i) Factors responsible for soil formation. (ii) Colour (iii) Thickness (iv) Texture (v) Age (vi) Chemical and Physical properties.

22. Explain the distribution of alluvial soils.

Answer:  (i) This is the most widely spread and important soil of India. (ii)These soils also extend in Rajasthan and Gujarat through a narrow corridor. (iii)Alluvial soil is also found in the eastern coastal plains particularly in the deltas of the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and Kaveri rivers.

23. With reference to alluvial soil answer the following questions- (i) How is it classified on the basis of its age? (ii) Alluvial soil as a whole is very fertile. Give reasons.

Answer:  (i) On the basis of age alluvial soil is classified as Bangar and Khadar. (ii) Mostly these soils contain adequate proportion of potash, phosphoric acid and lime.

24. Explain the distribution of black soil.

Answer:  (i) Black soil is typical of the Deccan trap region spread over northwest Deccan plateau. (ii) They cover the plateau of Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Malwa, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. (iii) They are also found in the Godavari and Krishna valleys.

25. Which soil is considered ideal for growing cotton? How is the soil formed?

Answer:  Black soil. These soils have been formed due to the weathering of the lava spread over large areas during volcanic activity in the Deccan Plateau and different climatic conditions.

26. (I) Which soils develop on crystalline igneous rocks? (ii) Why do the soils develop a reddish colour? (iii) Name any two states where this soil is found.

Answer:  (i) Red soil (ii) The soils develop a reddish colour due to diffusion of iron crystalline and metamorphic rocks. (iii) Odisha and Chhattisgarh

27. Mention the factors on which the land- use pattern of India depends upon. [CBSE Sept. 2012]

Answer:  The use of land is determined by physical as well as human factors. (i) Physical factors: Topography, climate and soil types. (ii) Human factors: Population density, technological capability, culture and traditions.

28. (i) ‘Humus content of the laterite soil is very low.’ Explain by giving two reasons. (ii) Mention any two crops associated with the soil.

Answer:  (i) (a) The soil is formed due to intense leaching. So the nutrients of the soil are washed away by heavy rains. (b) The soil is formed in the regions of high temperature. So most of the microorganisms, particularly the decomposers, like bacteria, get destroyed. (ii) Tea and Coffee.

29. (i) ‘The arid soil lacks humus and moisture.’ Explain. (ii) Name any two states where this soil is formed.

Answer:  (i) The arid soil is found in dry climatic conditions. Due to dry climate and high temperature, evaporation is faster and the soil lacks humus and moisture. (ii) Rajasthan and Gujarat

30. What is soil erosion? Name any four states which have been affected by gully erosion.

Answer:  The removal of soil by the forces of nature, particularly wind and water is called soil erosion. Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Rajasthan.

31. How does the soil of the Ganga-Yamuna plain differ from that of central Maharashtra?

Answer:  The Ganga-Yamuna plain has alluvial soils, whereas the central Maharashtra has black soils. The alluvial soils are formed by the depositional work of rivers in the river ualleys, flood plains and deltas. The black soils develop from volcanic rocks from where the lava flows.

32. What are the causes of soil erosion in : (I) Shiwaliks or the Outer Himalayas. (ii) North-Eastern parts of India. (iii) Arid regions of India.

Answer:  (I) Shiwaliks or the Outer Himalayas : Destruction of vegetation is the main cause of soil erosion in hilly areas because when vegetation is removed, the soil surface becomes loose, and is more easily removed by the running water. (ii) North-Eastern parts of India : Heavy rainfall which leads to frequent floods is responsible for soil erosion. (iii) Arid regions of India : In deserts and dry regions, where there is little or no vegetation, wind is the most powerful agent of soil erosion, blowing away fine particles of sand depositing them in other areas making both the areas unproductive.

33. Which is the main cause of land degradation in Gujarat, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh? How can it be checked? Explain. [CBSE 2012] Answer:  Large scale over-grazing has caused severe land degradation. Measures to check : (i)Afforestation and proper management of grazing. (ii)Planting of shelter belts. (iii)Stabilisation of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes. (iv) Control on overgrazing.

Long Answer Type Questions

1. What is resource planning? Mention the steps which are involved in resource planning. [CBSE 2009 (F); Sept. 2010, 14] Or Explain the three steps involved in the resource planning in India. [CBSE Sept. 20W] Or What are the three stages of resource planning in India?

Answer:  “Resource planning is a technique or skill of proper or judicious use of resources. ” Resource planning is a complex process which involves : (i) Identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country. This involves surveying, mapping, qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of the resources. (ii) Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and institutional set up for implementing resource development plans (iii) Matching the resource development plans with overall national development plans.

2. Explain the classification of resources on the basis of exhaustibility. [CBSE 2009 (D), Sept. 2010, 2011]

Answer:  (i) Renewable resources: “Renewable resources are the natural resources which can be used again and again or can be reproduced by physical, mechanical and chemical processes.” Solar energy, air, water and soil are some of the renewable resources of energy.

(ii) Non-renewable resources: “Non renewable resources are the natural resources that cannot be replaced at all or within a reasonable time.” Fossil fuels such as oil, gas and coal are examples of non renewable resources. These resources are accumulated over millions of years. They are considered to be non-renewable resources because once they are used up, they are gone forever.

3. Explain the classification of resources on the basis of ownership. [CBSE 2009 (O), 2014] Or Explain what is meant by national resources and individual resources. [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2014]

Answer:  (a) Individual Resources: Resources which are owned by private individuals are known as individual resources. Plots, fields, houses, cars, books, etc., are some examples of individual resources.

(b) Community Owned Resources: The resources which are accessible .to all the members of the community are known as community resources. Village ponds, public parks, playgrounds, etc., are some examples of community resources.

(c) National Resources: All the resources which are under the control of state or union government are known as national resources. All the resources within political boundaries are national resources because the government has the power to acquire even the private properties.

(d) International Resources: These resources are owned and regulated by international institutions. The oceanic resources beyond 200 km of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to the open ocean, and no individual country can utilise these without the concurrence of international institutions. India has got the right to mine manganese nodules from the bed of the Indian Ocean from that area which lies beyond the Exclusive Economic Zone.

4. Explain the classification of resources on the basis of the state of development. [CBSE 2008] Or Distinguish between stock resources and reserve resources. [CBSE Sept. 2010,12]

Answer: (i) Potential Resources : Resources which are found in a region, but have not been utilised due to lack of capital or other reasons. For example: the western parts of India, particularly Rajasthan and Gujarat have enormous potential for the development of wind and solar energy, but so far, these have not been developed properly.

(ii) Developed Resources : These are resources which have been surveyed and their quality and quantity have been determined for utilisation. The development of resources depends on technology and the level of their feasibility. For example, India has a cumulative total of about 2,47,847 million tonnes of coal resources.

(iii) Stock : These are the materials in the environment which have the potential to satisfy the human needs but cannot be used as the human beings do not have the appropriate technology to convert them into usable form. For example, water (H20) is a compound of two inflammable gases, i.e., hydrogen and oxygen, but human beings do not have the required technology to use them as a source of energy.

(iv) Reserves : These are the subset of the stock, which can be put into use with the existing technology, but their uses have been postponed keeping in mind the needs of the future generations. For example, India has sufficient amount of forests to fulfil the needs of the present generation, but they are being protected for the future generations.

5. How is land a natural resource of utmost importance ? Explain with four facts. [CBSE 2008 (O), 2012, 2013] Or “Land is a natural resource of utmost importance.” Elaborate the statement with the help of suitable examples highlighting the value of land resource. [CBSE 2013]

Answer: Land is an important natural resource, because : (i)All economic activities are performed on land. (ii)It supports natural vegetation and wildlife. (iii)Most of the minerals are formed in land. (iv)It is used for transport and communication system.

6. Which is the most widely spread and important soil of India? State any six characteristics of this type of soil. [CBSE 2008 (F), Sept. 2010] Or Mention any four characteristics of alluvial soils. Or How are alluvial soils formed? How is Bangar different from Khadar? [CBSE 2012]

Answer:   Characteristics of the Alluvial soil are :

(i) Alluvial soils are transported soils. Most of the soils are derived from the sediments deposited by rivers as in the Indo-Gangetic plain. Thus, the parent material of these soils is of transported origin.

(ii) These soils consist of varying proportion of sand, silt and clay. In the upper course of the river, the soil is coarse. In the middle course, it is medium, and fine grained in the lower course.

(iii) Apart from the size of their grains or particles, soils are described according to their age as well. They are old alluvium and new alluvium. Locally, the old alluvium is called ‘Bhangar’ and the new alluvium is called ‘Khadar’.

(iv) The old alluvium often contains ‘kankar, nodules, with calcium carbonates in the sub-soil. The new alluvium is more fertile than the old alluvium.

7. Which soil is called ‘regur soil? Mention any four characteristics of this type of soil. [CBSE 2009 (F), Sept. 2010, 2012, 2013] 

Answer: (i) These have been formed due to withering of lava. (if) The black soils are made of extremely fine materials, i.e., clayey materials. (iii)These soils are rich in soil nutrients such as calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, potash and lime. (iv)These soils are generally poor in phosphoric content. (v)The soil is well known for its capacity to hold moisture.

8. How is red soil formed? Mention its three characteristics. [CBSE Sept. 2010] Or How does red soil develop? What makes it look red and yellow? [CBSE 2014] 

Answer:  Formation : Most of the red soils have come into existence due to weathering of ancient crystalline igneous rocks. Characteristics/Features : (i) Soils are loamy in deep depressions and in uplands. They consist of loose gravels and highly coarse materials. (ii) The colour of these soils is generally red, often grading into brown, chocolate or yellow. The red colour is due to wide diffusion rather than high percentage of iron content. It looks yellow when it occurs in a hydrated form. (iii) Soils are deficient in phosphoric acid, organic matter and nitrogenous materials but are fairly rich in potash. But crops are cultivated with the use of fertilizers.

9. Which geographical factors are responsible for the evolution of black soil? Why is it considered the most suitable for growing cotton? [CBSE 2012, 2013] 

Answer:  (1) Climatic conditions like temperature, rainfall etc. along with present rock material are important factors for making of black soil. The parent rock is volcanic rock.

(2) It is ideal for growing cotton because: (i)It has capacity to hold moisture. (ii)They are rich in calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime. (iii)This soil is also known as black cotton soil, (iv) They develop deep cracks during hot weather, which help in the proper aeration of the soil.

10. How is mountain soil (forest soil) formed? Mention any four characteristics of forest soil. .

Answer:  Formation: The soils are formed due to mechanical weathering caused by snow, rain, temperature variation, etc. Characteristics/Features: (i) These soils are heterogeneous in nature, and their character changes with mountainous environment and altitude. (ii) The soils are very rich in humus, but are deficient in potash, phosphorus and lime. (iii) The soils are especially suitable for plantation of tea, coffee, spices and tropical fruits. (iv) The soil is loamy and silty in valley sides and coarse grained in the upper slopes. It is acidic with low humus content in the snow covered areas. It is fertile in the lower parts of the valleys.

11. Mention any four features of the arid soils. Or Name the soil type which is widely found in Western Rajasthan. Explain two important characteristics of this soil type which make it unsuitable for cultivation. [CBSE 2012]

Answer:  Arid soil is widely found in Western Rajasthan. (i) The soil ranges red to brown in colour. (ii) The soils contain considerable amount of soluble salts. (iii) The soils contain a low percentage of organic matter due to dry climate and absence of vegetation. (iv) The soil is alkaline in nature as there is no rainfall to wash soluble salts. (v) The lower horizon of the soil is occupied by ‘kankar’ because of the increasing calcium content downwards. The ‘kankar’ layer formations in the bottom horizons restrict the infiltration of water. (vi) The soils are infertile but with irrigation and fertilizers, the drought resistant and salt tolerant dry crops such as barley, cotton, wheat, millets, maize, pulses, etc., are grown. (Any Four)

12. Explain the formation and important features of the laterite soil. [CBSE 2013, 14]

Answer:  Formation: It develops in areas with high temperature and heavy rainfall. The laterite soil is a result of intense leaching owing to heavy tropical rains. Features : (i) The soils are acidic in nature, coarser and crumbly in texture. (ii) Due to lack of nitrogen, potassium and organic elements, the laterite soils lack fertility, and are not suitable for cultivation. But when the soils are manured and irrigated, some crops can be cultivated. (iii) As the soils are indefinitely durable, so they provide valuable building materials.

13. What is soil erosion? Explain the major types of soil erosions prevailing in India. [CBSE Sept. 2010]

Answer:  “Soil erosion is the removal of soil by the forces of nature like wind and water, more rapidly than the various soil forming processes can replace it.” Generally, there is a balance between the soil forming process and the erosional process. The balance can be disturbed by natural or human factors.

Types of Soil Erosion : (a) Water Erosion : Water is a powerful agent of soil erosion. Following are the major types of erosion caused by water.

(i) Sheet Erosion : When the top layer of the soil is removed over a large area by the running water, it is called as sheet erosion.

(ii) Rill Erosion : This is the second stage of sheet erosion. If erosion continues unchecked for a sufficient time, (rills) or small finger-shaped grooves which are a few centimetres in depth, may develop on the landscape. Over a period of time, the fine rills increase in number and also become deeper and wider, and resemble the twigs, branches and trunk of a tree. This is called as rill erosion.

(iii) Gully Erosion : This is the third stage of sheet erosion. With further erosion of the soil, the rills may deepen and become enlarged, and are ultimately turned into gullies. The main cause of gully erosion is the removal of vegetation, particularly of trees with their widespread binding roots. Gullies cut up agricultural land and the entire area may be turned into a bad land topography. Gully erosion is also responsible for the formation of ravines.

(b) Wind erosion : Wind is a powerful agent of erosion in arid and semi-arid lands with little rainfall. Wind can lift the valuable top soil from one area and deposits in another area. The wind erosion is very dangerous type of erosion because due to wind most of the deserts of the world are expanding.

14. Give reasons : (i) Alluvial soil can hold moisture, and is very fertile. (ii) Black soil needs to be tilled after the first rain. (iii) Red soil is ideal for dry farming. (iv) The percentage of organic matter in desert soil is very low. (v) Red soil is less fertile.

Answer:  (i) Because the alluvial soil is made up of fine particles. The soil is very fertile because it is rich in mineral nutrients like potash and lime. (ii) The soil is sticky, and difficult to work unless tilled immediately after the first rain. (iii) Because it does not require much moisture. (iv) Because of the dry climate and absence of vegetation. (v) Because it is deficient in phosphorus, nitrogen, lime and humus.

15. Name two important crops associated with the following types of soil : (a) Alluvial soil (b) Black soil (c) Desert soil (d) Laterite soil

Answer:  (a) Alluvial: Wheat and rice. (b) Black: Cotton and sugarcane. (c) Desert: Barley and ragi. (d) Laterite: Coffee and tea.

16. Explain the land-use pattern of India.

Answer: (i) The net sown area in India has decreased from 45.26% to 43.41%. This means that more and more agricultural land is being shifted to other activities. This is not a healthy trend, and must be checked. The steps taken by government has resulted in increase of net sown area to 47% in 2005-06.

(ii) The pattern of the net sown area varies greatly from one state to another. It is over 80 per cent of the total area in Punjab and Haryana, and less than 10 per cent in Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

(iii) The area under forests has increased from 18.11% in 1960-61 to 22.57% in 2000-03 and to 23% in 2005-06 yet it is far below than the scientific norms.

(iv) The land under permanent pasture is very low, i.e., only 3.45% (Fallen to 3%). This shows the tremendous pressure of livestock population on agricultural land. Cattle are reared mainly on the farm wastes, grain chaff and a few fodder crops.

(v) Area under fallow land has also decreased which shows, that subsistence agriculture is being replaced by commercial agriculture.

(vi) A part of the land is termed as waste land, and land put to other non-agricultural uses. Waste land includes rocky, arid and desert areas, and land put to other non- agricultural uses includes settlements, roads, railways, industries, etc.

17. Explain any four proper fanning techniques which can be used for soil conservation. Or Suggest any three measures of soil conservation. [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011] Or What is soil conservation? Explain any three methods of soil conservation suitable to Indian conditions. [CBSE 2013, 14]

Answer:  Soil conservation includes all those measures which help in protecting the soil from erosion or degradation.

(i) Crop rotation : If the same crop is sown in the same field, year after year, this consumes certain nutrients from the soil making it infertile. Crop rotation can check this type of erosion.

(ii) Settled agriculture : Checking and reducing shifting agriculture by persuading the tribal people to switch over to settled agriculture.

(iii) Terracing and contour bunding : Terracing and contour bunding across the hill slopes is a very effective, and one of the oldest methods of soil conservation. Hill slope is cut into a number of terraces having horizontal top and steep slopes on the back and front. Contour bunding involves the construction of bank along the contour.

(iv) Strip cropping : Large fields can be divided into strips. Strips of grass are left to grow between the crops. This breaks up the force of the wind. This method is known as strip cropping.

(v) Shelter Belt : Planting lines of trees to create shelter also works in a similar way. Rows of such trees are called shelter belts. These shelter belts have contributed significantly to the stabilisation of sand dunes and in establishing the desert in western India.

HOTS Questions and Answers

1. Do you think that resources are free gifts of nature as is assumed by many? Justify your answer with any three suitable arguments. [CBSE 2012]

Answer:  They are not free gifts of nature as : (i) Resources are a function of human activities, (ii) Human beings themselves are essential components of resources. (iii) They transform material available in our environment into resources and use them. For example river is a natural resource but river become a resource when its water is used for irrigation or power production.

2. What is the importance of natural resources? [CBSE 2014]

Answer: (i) Resources are used to satisfy human wants. (ii) Resources are base for economic development for example water, fossil fuel, solar energy is required for power production. (iii) Resources are vital for human survival as well as maintaining the quality of life. (iv) Land which is a natural resource support natural vegetation, wild life, human life and all economic activities. (v) Water which is another natural resource is essential for human, plant and wild life.

3. “India has land under a variety of relief features.” Justify. [CBSE 2014] Or What are the main advantages of India’s land under a variety of relief features? [CBSE 2010, 2011]

Answer:  India has land under a variety of relief features, namely: mountains, plateaus, plains and islands. (i) About 43 per cent of the land area is plain, which provides facilities for agriculture and industry. (ii) Mountains account for 30 per cent of the total surface area. They ensure perennial flow of some rivers, provide facilities for tourism and ecological aspects. (iii) About 27 per cent of the land area is plateau. It possesses reserves of minerals, fossil fuels and forests.

4. Discuss the problems which have been caused due to over-utilisation of resources. Suggest any two ways to save the resources. Or “Indiscriminate use of resources has led to numerous problems”. Justify the statement in three points. [GBSE 2012, 14]

Answer:  (I) Depletion of resources : Over-utilisation has led to the depletion of the resources for meeting the greed of a few individuals. For example, over-utilisation of petroleum products has led to a situation where most of the countries of the world are facing energy crisis.

(ii) Concentration of resources: This has divided the society into ‘haves’ and ‘have nots’ or the rich and the poor.

(iii) Global ecological crisis : Over utilisation of resources has led to the global ecological crisis such as global warming, depletion of ozone layer, pollution and land degradation.

Suggestions : (i) Minimising wastage. (ii) Use of renewable resources.

5. “The earth has enough resources to meet the need of all but not enough to satisfy the greed of even one person.” How is this statement relevant to the discussion of development? Discuss. [CBSE 2013]

Answer:  (i) Resources are vital for any developmental activity. (ii) The irrational consumption and over utilization of resources may lead to socio economic and environmental problems. (iii) Indiscriminate exploitation of resources led to global ecological crises such as global warming, environmental pollution, etc (iv) The greedy and selfish individuals and exploitative nature of modem technology is the root cause for resource depletion at the global level. (v) If the present trend of resource depletion by a few individuals and countries continues, the future of our planet is in danger. (vi) There is need for sustainable development. It means development should take place without damaging the environment and development in the present shout not compromise with the need of future generations’.

6. Why is there a need to conserve resources? What was Gandhiji’s opinion regarding the conservation of resources? [CBSE Sept. 2012] Or Explain the importance of conservation of resources. [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011,2014] Or Why is it essential to have resource planning? Give three reasons. [CBSE 2014]

Answer:  (i) Limited supply : Most of the resources have limited supply as compared to their demand for example supply of fossil fuels is limited.

(ii) Pollution and global warming : Overutilisation of natural resources may lead to environmental pollution for example over use of fossil fuel is a major factor responsible for global warming.

(iii) Socio economic problem : The destruction of forests and wildlife is not just a biological issue. The biological loss is strongly correlated with the loss of cultural diversity. Such losses have increasingly marginalised and impoverished many indigenous and other forest-dependent communities, who directly depend on various components of the forest and wildlife for food, drink, medicine, culture, spirituality, etc. Within the poor, women are affected more than men. In many societies, women bear the major responsibility of collection of fuel, fodder, water and other basic subsistence needs. As these resources are depleted, the drudgery of women increases and sometimes they have to walk for more than 10 km to collect these resources. This causes serious health problems for women and negligence of home and children because of the increased hours of work, which often has serious social implications. Gandhiji was very apt in voicing his concern about resource conservation. He said, “There is enough for everybody’s need, and not for anybody’s greed. ” According to him, they were the greedy and selfish individuals who were responsible for depletion of resources. He was in favour of producing for the masses than mass production.

7. Why is there a need for resource planning? What can happen if we don’t follow the principle of resource planning?

Answer:  (i) Most of the resources are limited in supply. (ii) Most of the resources are unevenly distributed over the country. (iii) Overutilisation of the resources may lead to pollution of the environment. (iv) There is a need to plan the human resources because only then we would be able to develop our natural resources. Effects : (i) Energy crisis (ii) Global warming

8. Explain any four reasons responsible for land degradation in India. Or Explain any four human activities which are mainly responsible for land degradation in India. Give any two suggestions to check land degradation. [CBSE 2014]

Answer:  (i) Mining : Mining is one of the major factors responsible for land degradation. In states like Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha, deforestation due to mining have caused severe land degradation.

(ii) Overgrazing : During the long dry period, grass is grazed to the ground and torn out by the roots by animals. This leads to loosening of soil and it is easily washed away by rains. In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra overgrazing is one of the main reasons for land degradation.

(iii) Overirrigation : In the states of Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh, overirrigation is responsible for land degradation due to waterlogging which leads to increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil.

(iv) Processing of minerals : The mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry and calcite and soapstone for ceramic industry generate huge quantity of dust in the atmosphere. It retards the process of infiltration of water into the soil after it settles down on the land. In recent years, industrial effluents as waste have become a major source of land and water pollution in many parts of the country.

Suggestions : (i) Plant more trees (ii) We should not waste paper.

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  1. Case Study Questions Class 10 Social Science Geography

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    Here are some steps you can take to prepare for case study questions for class 10 social science: Understand the format of case study questions: Case study questions for class 10 social science usually require you to read a scenario or a passage and answer a set of questions based on it. These questions can be based on various topics like ...

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  6. Case Study Questions Class 10 Geography

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  9. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Updated for 2023-24 Exam

    These NCERT Solutions provide the answers to all exercise questions. These answers will provide in-depth knowledge of each chapter and important topics. To access these solutions, click the links below. Chapter 1: Resources and Development. Chapter 2: Forest and Wildlife Resources. Chapter 3: Water Resources.

  10. CBSE Class 10 Social Science Case Study Questions Download Free PDF

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    Related: C BSE Class 10 Social Science Important Questions for Board Exam 2024. 2.Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow: Irrigation has also changed the cropping pattern ...

  12. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography

    NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Mineral and Energy Resources. This chapter deals with the concept of minerals, types, and classification of minerals, availability, and extraction of resources from different parts of the country, and conversation of minerals. Download NCERT Solutions for this chapter here.

  13. Geography Class 10

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    NCERT Book Solutions For Class 10 Geography Contemporary India - II Chapter 1 Resources and Development - CBSE Free PDF Download. NCERT Solutions Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 - Resources and Development are important resources for students to prepare for CBSE exams. By going through these solutions, students will get to know the answer writing style, which will help them in fetching more ...

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    Answer: (i) Stock. (ii) Renewable. 11. Name any two states of India which are well endowed with solar energy. Answer: Gujarat and Rajasthan. 12. Name any two factors on which resource development depends. Answer: (i) Technology. (ii) Quality of human resources.

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