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New Education Policy 2023: Everything You Need To Know

The “New National Education Policy (NEP)”, which was approved by the Union Cabinet , is expected to bring a flurry of reforms, ranging from school curriculum reductions to the abolition of MPhil programs.

The NEP aspires to develop an education system that directly contributes to the country’s transformation by delivering high-quality education to all citizens and developing India into a global knowledge superpower.

New System of Education 2023

The new education policy was adopted by the Modi government. The 10 + 2 structure has been fully eliminated in the new education policy. Our country’s educational curriculum has been based on 10 + 2, but it will soon be based on 5+ 3+ 3+ 4. This means that one-half is from primary to second grade, the second portion is from third to fifth grade, the third part is from sixth to eighth grade, and the last part is from ninth to 12th grade.

We’ll provide you with a quick overview of the New Education Policy 2021-2023, including the Scheme Benefits and key Features.

What is the New Education Policy 2023 (NEP)?

The Indian government’s New Education Policy is referred to as NEP. It was last modified in 1992 after being drafted in 1986. The Modi-led BJP government vowed in its election manifesto to create a new education policy, or NEP, to bring about changes in the education sector.

In July 2020, the Union Cabinet of India approved the New National Education Policy (NEP)  with the aim to bring modern reforms in the Indian education system from the school to the college level. This policy stands on the ideology to make India a ‘ global knowledge superpower .’ In addition to this, it was with the introduction of NEP in 2020 that the Ministry of Human Resource Development was renamed to the Ministry of Education.

The new National Education Policy is based on the pillars of Access, Equity, Quality, Affordability, and Accountability . It aims to make both school and college education more holistic, multidisciplinary, and flexible, which aligns with the 2020 agenda for sustainable development.

Also Read:  Are You Feeling Stuck in Your Current Job and Want Professional Growth?

The Need for New National Education Policy (NEP)

Up until the introduction of the New National Education Policy in 2020, there were many pitfalls in the Indian education system. Memorisation was prioritised more over the understanding of concepts. In addition to this, the presence of multiple boards was a big issue. Each board had different learning methods for different skills, and then every student had to take the same standardised board exam.

Furthermore, in the past years, more emphasis was laid on learning or mastering traditional subjects and less on developing vocational skills. In the new education policy, all the pitfalls and limitations of the Indian education system are taken care of. Moreover, the policy intends to bridge the gap between vocational and formal education.

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Transformation of Indian Education System Post-independence

• 1948 – The 1st commission, University Education Commission, was set up
• 1952 – The Secondary Education Commission was established
• 1964-1966 – The Indian Education Commission was introduced
• 1968 – 1st National Education Policy came up
• 1986 – A new policy was formulated
• 1992 – The previous education policy was modified
• 2005 – The 1986 education policy was again modified
• 2020 – The new National Education Policy (NEP) was passed by the cabinet

Who Created NEP?

A panel of specialists, led by former ISRO chief K Kasturirangan , discussed the difficulties and adjustments that need to be made in the Indian education system, which included everything from school to college to recruitment. These proposals were gathered, and the Ministry then approved them.

Important Highlights of New Education Policy 2023

1. Schooling starts at the age of 3 years now

The New Education Policy extends compulsory schooling from the age bracket of 6-14 years to 3-18 years. The NEP includes three years of previously unrecognized pre-schooling for children aged 3-6 years in the school curriculum. The new system will include 12 years of formal education and three years of Anganwadi/pre-school education.

The 10+2 school curriculum framework will be replaced with a 5+3+3+4 curricular structure corresponding to ages 3-8, 8-11, 11-14, and 14-18 years, respectively, with an emphasis on Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE).

2. Mother tongue as medium of instruction

The NEP emphasizes pupils’ native language as the medium of teaching while adhering to the “three-language formula” and ensuring that no language is imposed on anyone. The NEP simply suggests using the mother tongue as a medium of instruction rather than making it mandatory.

According to the policy paper, children learn and grasp non-trivial topics faster in their native language.

The home language, mother tongue, local language, or regional language will be used as the medium of instruction until at least Grade 5, but preferably until Grade 8 and beyond. Following that, wherever practicable, the home or local language will be taught as a language. “Both public and private schools will follow this,” the regulation adds.

3. NO UGC, AICTE, NCTE

The Higher Education Commission of India (HECI) will be established as a single umbrella body for all higher education in India, excluding medical and legal education. Regulation, accreditation, and academic standards will all be governed by the same set of rules for public and private higher education institutions.

In 15 years, the government will phase down college affiliation, and a stage-by-stage procedure for providing colleges with graded autonomy will be formed.

4. Science, Arts, and Commerce gets blurred

There would be no formal distinctions between arts and sciences, curricular and extra-curricular activities, or vocational and academic programs under NEP 2020. Students can choose from a variety of disciplines throughout the streams. Internships will be included in vocational education, which will begin in sixth grade.

5. FYUP Programme Returns & No More Dropouts

Under the NEP, undergraduate degrees will last three or four years, with several exit alternatives available during that time. After one year of study in a topic or field, including vocational and professional fields, colleges will be required to award a certificate, a diploma following two years of study, or a Bachelor’s degree after a three-year program.

The government will also create an Academic Bank of Credit to store academic credits earned at various HEIs digitally so that they can be transferred and counted toward a final degree.

Finally, based on the foregoing points, we can conclude that this policy implements much-needed adjustments. There was no uniform system in place, which has now been eliminated. It has more transparency and a single national agency in charge of overseeing the whole education system in the country.

6. Common access at all school-level education

NEP 2020 focuses on bringing universal access to school education to ensure the holistic development of students right from the beginning. According to this policy, students’ progress and their learning capacity will be tracked timely. Students will be given access to different learning modes, like formal and informal teaching methods. In addition to this, the policy states that vocational education courses are to be included in the curriculum from pre-school to 12th standard. The policy is not just limited to knowledge or skills; it also emphasises the inclusion of trained counsellors and social workers in the schooling system.

7. Attaining Foundational Literacy and Numeracy (FLN) starting from grade 3 by 2025

FLN is a broad concept which refers to a child’s capability to read basic texts and solve basic numerical problems such as addition and subtraction. It is considered an urgent and vital prerequisite to learning. Keeping this in mind, the NEP has directed the states to prepare a plan on how to implement and achieve this in the curriculum for all primary school students by 2025.

8. Experiential learning in the school curriculum

The policy states that the school curriculum and pedagogy should aim for the holistic development of students by designing the coursework that would equip them with 21st-century skills. Students will have to study a reduced course content, which will emphasise experiential learning and critical thinking and give students the choice of subjects they wish to study. Moreover, vocational education will be made available in class 6th-8th, along with internship opportunities.

9. Increase the graduate enrollment ratio

In the past years, very few students opted for higher education. So in view of this concern, the policy aims to incorporate a maximum number of students in higher education, including vocational education. The graduate enrolment ratio is expected to increase up to 50% by 2035 from 26.3% in 2018.  Also, with the multiple exit options in higher education, it is expected that the student dropout rate will reduce.

10. Enhancing the Standards of Open and Distance Learning

The government has already taken initiatives to bring the standards of distance learning programmes at par with regular courses. Measures like online courses, digital repositories, funding for improved student services and research, and credit-based recognition of MOOCs, among others are to be taken.

11. Technological innovation in education

National Educational Technology Forum (NETF), an autonomous body, will be started to offer a free exchange of ideas related to the usage of technology in enhancing the academic experience. This integration of technology is expected to improve the classroom processes, contribute to teacher professional development, and streamline the management of education planning.

12. Internationalisation of education

An important aspect of the NEP 2020 is that it promotes the internationalisation of education by encouraging institutions to forge global collaborations with universities and research institutes. This will not be limited to students, faculty exchange programmes will also be encouraged. Meanwhile, the policy aims to allow top world universities to open their campuses in India.

13. Increase in public investment in education

In line with the objective of the New Education Policy, the Centre and State governments will be working in collaboration to increase investment in education. The collaboration of both houses is expected to reach 6% of GDP in regard to the education sector at the earliest in order to improve the educational infrastructure.

How are the Top Institutions Implementing the New Education Policy in 2023?

Since its introduction in 2020, many Indian educational institutions have adopted the pattern of the new National Education Policy. After three years of adoption, many academicians from top Indian institutions, including IITs, NITs, and IISERs, have reviewed the implementation of the policy. They have shared the roadmap of the changes and upgrades they have made in the academic system.

As reported by the Deccan Chronicle , the Director of IIT Hyderabad, Prof. B.S. Murthy shared that the students were given a semester break with 6 credits to pursue innovative ventures. Their institution intended to promote entrepreneurship by encouraging students to pursue BUILD (Bold & Unique Ideas Leading Development) projects. On the other hand, the Vice Chancellor of the University of Hyderabad, Prof. B. Jagdeeshwar Rao, said that NEP measures have enabled students to pursue two programmes simultaneously.

The adoption of an open curriculum with transdisciplinary course patterns, including flexibility in electives, has led to the enhancement of skill development and community-oriented projects. This is what Prof. Satyanarayana, IIT – Tirupati, said in a press conference. According to him, this will play a crucial role in nation-building. Prof. Rajesh Viswanathan of the reputed Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati informed that their institution had made provisions for multiple-exit options in the BS-MS programme. This will add a holistic multidisciplinary approach to the education system, which earlier was rigid.

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Challenges of NEP

The framework designed by NEP 2020 will bring a revolutionary change in the entire higher education ecosystem of India, but it has a few  limitations , as studied by a few researchers. These are:

• As the policy aims to double the gross enrollment ratio by 2035, this requires the creation of a new university every week for the next 15 years, which is a huge challenge.
• To deliver the upgraded curriculum effectively, India needs a sizable pool of competent teachers who are familiar with the new pedagogical approach.
• Adequate funding and resources are required for proper implementation.
• As teachers generally share a disciplinary anchoring culture, it is difficult to have educators with exceptional skills who are experts in one area and lean in other subjects as well.

Bottom Line

At this point, India’s education system is at a critical juncture, with the path not completely clear. The Indian education system must meet the needs of the progressive society with a population of over 1.4 billion. In the past years, India has surely made several changes in its academic structure; some challenges are yet to pass.

The new National Educational Policy offers a comprehensive strategy to enhance the quality of education and bridge the gap in socioeconomic disparities in Indian society. Its success calls for a robust collaboration between private and government entities. Therefore, if properly executed, NEP 2020 has the potential to shape India’s education system.

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New National Education Policy 2024: Issues And Challenges

Vandana Thakur ,

Mar 14, 2024

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The Union Cabinet of India approves the new education policy and focuses on delivering high-quality education and empowering students with job-centric skills.

The New Education Policy (NEP) was approved by the Union Cabinet of India with the aim to reform India's education system by reducing school curriculums and eliminating MPhil programs. 

The policy also aims to develop both theory and creative potential among children. It aims at the overall development of individuals with more emphasis on practical learning and skill development. 

Table of Contents

New Education Policy: Overview

What is New Education Policy?

Objectives of New Education Policy

Requirement of new education policy, important highlights of the new education policy .

• Challenges Regarding National Education Policy

Exam Structure as per New Education Policy

The government has adopted a new education policy, eliminating the 10 + 2 structure. The curriculum was reorganised into five parts: primary to second grade, third to fifth grade, sixth to eighth grade, and ninth to 12th grade.

The new education policy aims in positioning India as a International Education Hub and superpower in the world. Candidates can go through the new education policy overview stated below. 

Also Read: 15 Key Things Regarding New Education Policy

The Indian government's original National Education Policy (NEP) was drafted in 1986, was last modified in 1992. The government realising the setbacks of the old policy aimed to create a new education policy to modernise the education system. In July 2020, the Union Cabinet approved the New Education Policy to make India a global knowledge superpower.

The Ministry of Education was renamed in response to the New Educational Policy. The policy is designed to align with the 2020 Agenda for Sustainable Development and is based on the Access, Equity, Quality, Affordability, and Accountability pillars.

It aims in overall development of students including, sports, creativity and science. Candidates will be able to choose subjects based on their interest rather than blindly following the stream structure. 

Also Read: Indian Education System vs Foreign Education System

The new education policy 2024 aims to bring holistic learning, practical oriented syllabus, job centric skill development, technology, quality education in the classroom environment. Candidates csn go through the objectives of the New Education Policy stated below. 

• Recognize and grow each child's potential
• Design literacy and numeracy learning among children
• Present flexible learning options
• Fund in a public education system
• Strategize quality education
• Bind children to Indian culture
• Execute top-notch research
• Teach reasonable control and empower students
• Develop a transparent Education Policy
• Emphasize the application of technology
• Emphasise evaluation of students' performance
• Introduce different languages
• Develop student's creativity and logical thinking abilities

Also Check: What is Quality Education? Meaning and Importance

The New National Education Policy in 2020 addressed the shortcomings of the Indian education system. It highlighted setbacks, like memorization over understanding concepts and multiple boards with different learning methods. 

A primary objective of the policy was to bridge the gap between formal and informal education, addressing the lack of focus on vocational skills and the prioritisation of traditional subjects. A comprehensive and effective education system was intended to address these issues.

Thus, a new education policy came into existence, which focused on creative development and interest-based learning curricula. 

Also Check: Importance of Adult Education

There are several changes in the new education policy that has been implemented in the Indian education system. Candidates can go through the changes stated below. 

1. Children can Start Schooling Early

 The new system will consist of 12 years of formal education and three years of Anganwadi/pre-school education. The 10+2 school curriculum framework will be replaced with a 5+3+3+4 curricular structure, emphasising Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE). Previously, children received three years of unofficial schooling called pre-schooling in the education system.

2. Mother Tongue is the Medium of Instruction

The New Educational Policy (NEP) emphasises native language learning as the primary teaching medium but doesn't promote compulsory language learning. The policy suggests using the mother tongue as an instruction medium rather than being mandatory. 

The home language, mother tongue, local language, or regional language will be used until Grade 5 or Grade 8 and beyond, after which the home or local language will be taught as a language. The mother tongue as the primary medium of instruction for students was not mandatory previously. 

3. No UGC, AICTE, NCTE Boards

The Higher Education Commission of India (HECI) is established as a single umbrella body for all higher education in India, excluding medical and legal education. Regulation, accreditation, and academic standards will all be controlled by the same rules for public and private higher education institutions.

The government will phase down college affiliation in 15 years and establish a stage-by-stage procedure for giving colleges graded autonomy.

4. No More Science, Arts, and Commerce Streams

The new education policy aims at no formal distinctions between arts and sciences, curricular and extracurricular activities, or vocational and academic programs. Candidates can select from a variety of disciplines throughout various streams. Students will get internships and vocational training in sixth grade. 

5. FYUP Programme Returns & No Dropouts Scheme

Under the New Educational Policy, undergraduate degrees will last three or four years, with several certificate exits or diplomas available. Colleges must award certificates, diplomas, or bachelor's degrees after one year of study in a topic or field, including vocational and professional fields.

Academic credits earned at different HEIs will also be stored digitally in an Academic Bank of Credit so they can be transferred and counted toward a degree.This policy implements necessary adjustments, eliminating a uniform system and promoting transparency.

It establishes a single national agency to oversee the entire education system, ensuring common access at all school-level education. New Education Policy aims to provide universal access to school education, ensuring holistic student development.

It tracks progress and learning capacity, allowing students to access formal and informal teaching methods. The policy also mandates vocational education courses from preschool to 12th standard, emphasising the inclusion of trained counsellors and social workers in the schooling system. This policy extends beyond knowledge and skills.

6. Attaining Foundational Literacy and Numeracy Early

The New Educational Policy (NEP) has directed states to implement FLN in primary school curriculums by 2025. The policy focuses on experiential learning, equipping students with 21st-century skills and reducing course content. Vocational education will be available in 6th-8th grade, along with internship opportunities. 

The New Educational Policy also targets to increase the graduate enrollment ratio, aiming for 50% by 2035 from 26.3%, respectively. It is in response to a recent decrease in students opting for higher education. 

The New Educational Policy also aims to reduce student dropout rates by offering multiple exit options in higher education. Overall, Foundational Literacy and Numeracy are vital prerequisites for holistic student development.

Also Check: Ancient Education vs Modern Education - Which is Better?

7. Standard Improvement of Open and Distance Learning

The government initiated distance learning programmes to par with regular courses. The government has taken measures like online courses, digital repositories, funding for better student services and research, and credit-based honour of MOOCs, among others.

8. Technical Innovation in Education

As a free exchange of ideas related to technology usage in enhancing the academic experience, the National Educational Technology Forum (NETF) will be started as an independent body by the government. Technology integration is anticipated to improve classroom procedures, enhance teachers' professional development, and facilitate better education planning for children.

9. Indian Education Internationalisation 

New Educational Policy aims to promote the internationalisation of Indian education. It seeks to encourage global collaborations between institutions and universities. It has introduced faculty exchange programs, and supports top world universities to open campuses in India.

10. Education as a Profitable Investment

The New Education Policy aims to bring together the central and State governments to collaborate to promote educational awareness among citizens. The collaboration seeks to boost the education sector by 6% of GDP to enhance the educational infrastructure in the country.

Also Check: Different Types Of Educational Technology for Highly-Engaged Classroom

Challenges Regarding New Educational Policy

The New Educational Policy has brought revolutionary change in the Indian Education System in the time period. Yet, there are certain limitations in the New Educational Policy. Candidates can go through the challenges in the New Educational Policy stated below.

• High Enrollment Targets: Building a new curriculum is challenging for most instructors because the New Educational Policy aims to double the gross enrollment ratio by 2035.
• Lack of Qualified Teachers: India needs a sizable pool of qualified teachers familiar with the new pedagogical approach to effectively incline children with the upgraded curriculum.
• Lack of Financial Sources: Adequate funding and resources are needed to implement the New Educational Policy properly. Not all institutions can gather proper financing for implementing the New Educational Policy.
• Lack of Adaptive Mindset among Educators: As teachers generally share a disciplinary anchoring culture, it is challenging to have educators with exceptional skills. The New Educational Policy challenges institutions to hire multi-tasking and diverse-minded educators for holistic student development.

Also Read: Modern Education System: Purpose, Benefits, Challenges

Previously, the exams were six months and yearly. But now they will be held as three milestones, at the end of the class 2nd, 5th and 8th. Candidates can go through the New Educational Policy exam structure stated below. 

1. Revamped Examination Structure

An updated educational framework, the 5+3+3+4 structure, presents a transformation and adaptation of the traditional learning system based on the needs of learners. It emphasizes foundational learning, middle schooling, secondary education, and high school stages. It aims to develop a holistic pedagogical atmosphere. 

It will ease the burden and periodicity of assessments that keep children under pressure. The New Education Policy 2024 aims to reduce students' curriculum burden and promote inter-disciplinary and multilingual learning through significant changes to board exams, focusing on objective-descriptive formats and biannual mode.

2. Importance of Mother Tongue

The New Education Policy 2023 emphasises the importance of education in one's mother tongue, with the medium of instruction up to class 5 and potentially extended to class 8 in some schools. 

This move reflects the linguistic foundation of education and aims to enhance students' comprehension, communication with teachers, and cultural connections. The policy aims to improve language proficiency and bridge cultural gaps despite the national debate on English as the primary medium of instruction.

Also Read: Importance of Drama and Art in Education in India

3. Interdisciplinary Curriculum

New Educational Policy encourages interdisciplinary and multilingual education. It aims to foster a flexible curriculum that nurtures diverse skills and promotes the seamless achievement of knowledge. 

4. Coding and Experimental Education

In 6th grade, coding will become a crucial curriculum element. It will focus on practical and experiential understanding by integrating experiential learning methods. Thus, students will be more practical and exploratory rather than too inclined toward theoretical learning. 

5. Focus on Students' Health 

The New Educational Policy 2023 expands the mid-day meal scheme to include breakfast. It will incorporate counsellors and social workers to enhance students' health and mental well-being.

Also Check: 10 Benefits of Online Education

6. Multidisciplinary Bachelor's Degrees

A flexible 4-year undergraduate program with multiple exit points (certificate, diploma, bachelor's) that help students gain proficiency in a particular skill set.

7. No more M.Phil. Courses

The new education policy discontinues the M.Phil courses in universities and colleges. It focuses on introducing futuristic and career-centric courses. 

8. Higher Education Commission

 New Education Policy will establish a Higher Education Commission of India to regulate and manage higher education. It focuses on proactively enhancing enrollment ratios and ensuring higher academic standards.

9. Regulatory Councils

The New Educational Policy 2023 establishes a National Higher Education Regulatory Council to oversee higher education. The Higher Education Grant Council to financially support universities and colleges.

10. Internationalisation

 The New Educational Policy encourages international collaboration. It will enable foreign universities and institutes to establish campuses and educational centres in India, thereby enhancing student exposure.

Also Check: 5 Advantages And Disadvantages Of Online Education

11. Fee Regulation

Both private and public universities will implement regulated fees to ensure equal access to quality education. Every student will get access to good faculty and better learning scopes. 

12. College Affiliation

The policy will be phased out within 15 years, granting colleges autonomous status. Therefore, all the colleges will be able to provide high-quality education.

13. District-level Universities

By 2030, every district in the country will have at least one high-quality multidisciplinary institute of excellence. The New Educational Policy will expand education access.

14. Multidisciplinary Universities

Indian universities will become major multidisciplinary institutions by 2040, becoming places for holistic education. The colleges will consist of multi dimensional high tech classrooms, and diverse curriculum for students. 

Also Read: What Is Educational Counselling And Why Do You Need It?

What are the challenges in New Education Policy?

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Implementation of New Education Policy

A number of action points/activities for implementation in school education as well as higher education are mentioned in the National Education Policy 2020 which inter-alia include following:-

• Ensuring Universal Access at All Levels of schooling from pre-primary school to Grade 12;
• Ensuring quality early childhood care and education for all children between 3-6 years;
• Introducing New Curricular and Pedagogical Structure (5+3+3+4);
• Ensuring no hard separations between arts and sciences, between curricular and extra-curricular activities, between vocational and academic streams;
• Establishing National Mission on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy;
• Emphasis on promoting multilingualism and Indian languages; The medium of instruction until at least Grade 5, but preferably till Grade 8 and beyond, will be the home language/mother tongue/local language/regional language.
• Assessment reforms – Introducing Board Exams on up to two occasions during any given school year, one main examination and one for improvement, if desired;
• Setting up of a new National Assessment Centre, PARAKH (Performance Assessment, Review, and Analysis of Knowledge for Holistic Development);
• Equitable and inclusive education – Ensuring special emphasis to be given on Socially and Economically Disadvantaged Groups(SEDGs);
• Establishing a separate Gender Inclusion fund and Special Education Zones for disadvantaged regions and groups;
• Robust and transparent processes for recruitment of teachers and merit based performance;
• Ensuring availability of all resources through school complexes and clusters;
• Setting up of State School Standards Authority (SSSA);
• Providing Exposure of vocational education  in school and higher education system;
• Increasing GER in higher education to 50%;
• Introducing Holistic Multidisciplinary Education with multiple entry/exit options;
• Introducing Common Entrance Exam for Admission to HEIs to be offered by NTA;
• Establishment of Academic Bank of Credit;
• Setting up of Multidisciplinary Education and Research Universities(MERUs);
• Setting up of National Research Foundation(NRF);
• Framing ‘Light but Tight’ regulation;
• Setting up of single overarching umbrella body for promotion of higher education sector including teacher education and excluding medical and legal education- the Higher Education Commission of India (HECI)-with independent bodies for standard setting- the General Education Council; funding-Higher Education Grants Council (HEGC); accreditation- National Accreditation Council (NAC); and regulation- National Higher Education Regulatory Council (NHERC);
• Expansion of open and distance learning to increase GER.
• Internationalization of Education.
• Professional Education will be an integral part of the higher education system. Stand-alone technical universities, health science universities, legal and agricultural universities, or institutions in these or other fields, will aim to become multi-disciplinary institutions.
• Teacher Education – Introduction of 4-year integrated stage-specific, subject- specific Bachelor of Education.
• Establishing a National Mission for Mentoring.
•  Creation of an autonomous body, the National Educational Technology Forum (NETF) to provide a platform for the free exchange of ideas on the use of technology to enhance learning, assessment, planning, administration. Appropriate integration of technology into all levels of education.
• Achieving 100% youth and adult literacy.
• Introducing multiple mechanisms with checks and balances to combat and stop the commercialization of higher education.
• All education institutions will be held to similar standards of audit and disclosure as a ‘not for profit’ entity.
• The Centre and the States will work together to increase the public investment in Education sector to reach 6% of GDP at the earliest.
•  Strengthening of the Central Advisory Board of Education to ensure coordination to bring overall focus on quality education.
•  Ministry of Education: In order to bring the focus back on education and learning, it may be desirable to re-designate MHRD as the Ministry of Education (MoE).

A detailed consultation process with various stakeholders including educationists have been held before and after announcement of National Education Policy 2020. Suggestions have been invited from States / UTs Government and also from other stakeholders through MyGov platform. Department of School Education & Literacy has constituted subject-wise/theme-wise implementation committees of experts for implementation of National Education Policy 2020. Similarly, UGC and AICTE have also constituted Expert Groups on various themes of higher education sector for formulation of Implementation Plan of National Education Policy.

As per National Education Policy 2020, implementation of the Policy requires multiple initiatives and actions, which will have to be taken by multiple bodies in a synchronized and systematic manner. Therefore, the implementation of this Policy will be led by various bodies including Ministry of Education, CABE, Union and State Governments, education-related Ministries, State Departments of Education, Boards, NTA, the regulatory bodies of school and higher education, NCERT, SCERTs, schools, and HEIs. Since Education is in the concurrent list of Constitution of India, hence, State/UT Government will play a vital role in the implementation of the National Education Policy. Ministry of Education has communicated to all States/UT Governments for taking steps for implementation of NEP 2020. In this direction, Ministry of Education had organised ‘Shikshak Parv’ from 8 th September to 25 th September, 2020 to deliberate on various themes and implementation of NEP 2020 aimed at eliciting suggestions. Ministry had also organised a Conference of Governors on “Role of National Education Policy in Transforming Higher Education”. In the conference, Governors and Lt. Governors of State and Union Territories, Education Minister of State and UTs, Vice Chancellors of State Universities and other dignitaries participated. Majority of states have taken steps toward implementation of NEP 2020. Further, Ministry and other implementing agencies under its purview have started taking initiatives towards implementation of NEP 2020.

The information was given by the Union Minister for Education, Shri Ramesh Pokhriyal ‘Nishank’ in a written reply in the Lok Sabha today.

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Objectives of New Education Policy 2021

• Posted on August 17, 2021
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The main objective of the National Education Policy 2021 is to bring the education provided in India to the global level. So that India can become a global knowledge superpower. Universalization of education will done through the National Education Policy. In the National Education Policy 2021, through the government, many amendments have been made in the old education policy. So that the quality of education will improve and children will be able to get good education.

• 6% of GDP will spent for implementing the National Education Policy. • There will be an option to study Sanskrit and other ancient languages of India in studies. Students can study these languages if they want. • Changes will also made in board examinations. It may happen that board exams are taken twice a year to reduce the burden on the students. • Artificial intelligence software will also used to make studies easier. • MPhil degree from higher education is being abolished. • Extracurricular activities will placed in the main syllabus. • Students will be taught 3 languages which will decided by the state at their own level. • The National Curriculum Framework for School Education will prepared by the National Council of Educational Research and Training. • To implement this new education policy , many institutions will established so that this policy can run smoothly. • Under the new National Education Policy, special attention will given to the education of children along with their skills. • Under the new education policy, if a student wants to leave a course in the middle and enroll in another course, then he can take a break from the first course for a certain time and join the second course.

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National Education Policy (NEP) 2020: Overview, Reforms, Objectives!

‘Education’ plays a significant and remedial role in improving and balancing the country’s socio-economic framework.

The education system in India dates back to ancient times where children were taught in Gurukuls. The Guru used to teach as per the interest of the child, subjects varying from Sanskrit to the holy scriptures and from Mathematics to Metaphysics.

At that time, the Guru-Shishya system was the only means of education in India The Indian education system was enhanced with the emergence of universities such as Nalanda, Takshashila, Manassa, Ujjain, and Vikramshila.

The modern school education system was brought to India originally by Lord Thomas Babington Macaulay in the 1830s.

The Uttar Pradesh Board of High School and Intermediate Education was the first Board established in India in 1921. Then, the Board of High School and Intermediate Education, Rajputana, was set up in 1929.

Eventually, in 1952, the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) , a national level education board was introduced in India.

Topics Covered:

Present education system in india, educational statistics in india, major education initiatives by government.

• National Policy on Education

New Education Policy Consultation

National education policy (nep) 2020, principles of national education policy (nep) 2020.

• A vision of National Education Policy (NEP) 2020
• Objectives and Reforms of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020

Since the early days of Independence in 1945, the Indian Government has always focused on improving the literacy rate.

Free and Compulsory Education is made as to the Fundamental Right to children aged 6 to 14, under various articles of the Indian Constitution.

Education in India is primarily provided by government schools, government-aided private schools, private schools, and international schools.

According to the Education Statistical Yearbook 2019, there are around 15,22,346 recognized primary, secondary, and higher secondary schools in India.

As of 2020, India has over 1,000 universities and 52,627 colleges.

The approximate ratio of private schools to public schools in India is 5:7 . The private school system is competing with the public schools at the primary and secondary level, with 29% of students in the 6 to 14 age group receiving private education.

However, the private schools in India are regulated by the government in terms of what they can teach and what form they can operate alongside other aspects.

Levels of Education

The Indian education system is divided into different levels as following

• Pre-nursery
• Lower Primary – Class I to IV
• Upper Primary – Class V – VIII
• Secondary Education- Class IX – X
• Higher Secondary Education – Grade 11 and 12
• Under-Graduate or Bachelor’s Level Education
• Post-Graduate or Master’s Level Education
• Doctoral Studies or Ph.D. Level Education
• Vocational Education and Training
• Diploma Programs

Structure of the Indian Education System

The central board and most of the state boards uniformly follow the “10+2” structure of education. In this structure, the first 10 years is schooling, the next 2 years is higher secondary education and then followed by graduation.The first 10 years are further categorized into 4 years of primary education and 6 years of High School.

The Education Commission of 1964–66 has recommended the 10+2 pattern.

India holds a prominent position in the global education industry and has many accomplishments to celebrate.

There are over 250 million school going students in India, the highest in the world. Over 70 million children attend pre-primary, primary school with a consistent increase in primary enrolment.

The Right to Education Act has played a crucial role in reducing the number of Out of School Children (OOSC) aged 6 to 14 years, from 13.46 million in 2006 to 6 million in 2014.

Moreover, India has one of the largest networks of higher education institutions in India. There were around 37.4 million students enrolled in higher education in FY19 with Gross Enrolment Ratio of 26.3%.

According to UNESCO’s latest report, the literacy rate among the population aged 15-24 years is 91.6%; among 15 years and older, it is 74.37%; and among 65 years and older, it is 45.38%.

As per the market estimates, the Indian education market size is estimated to almost double to USD 180 billion by 2020, from USD 101.1 billion in 2019.

Following are some of the recent initiatives taken by the Government of India (GOI)

• In May 2020, Government launched PM eVIDYA, a program for multi-mode access to digital/online education
• The government allocated INR 59,845 crore for Department of School Education and Literacy in Union Budget 2020-21
• India announced Revitalizing Infrastructure and Systems in Education (RISE) by 2022 with a proposed outlay of INR 3,000 crore
• Under Union Budget 2020-21, the government proposed apprenticeship embedded degree/diploma courses by March 2021 in about 150 higher educational institutions
• Around two crore candidates completed training in 254,897 registered training centers under the Pradhan Mantri Gramin Digital Saksharta Abhiyan (PMGDISHA), as of February 2020
• India promoted a new scheme ‘Study in India’ to attract foreign students to higher educational institutions
• With an outlay of INR 6,655 crore, the government approved Skills Acquisition and Knowledge Awareness for Livelihood Promotion (SANKALP) and Skill Strengthening for Industrial Value Enhancement (STRIVE) in a bid to boost the Skill India Mission
• The GOI initiated the Ek Bharat Shrestha Bharat (EBSB) campaign to increase engagement between states, union territories, central ministries, educational institutions and public
• Introduction of ‘Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao’ program in October 2014
• Introduction of Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV) scheme in August 2014

Evolution of National Education Policy in India

The achievements and progress in education being enjoyed today can be attributed to the vision of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, the first Minister of Education in India.

Abul Kalam emphasized the need for robust governance by the centre over education throughout the country by implementing a uniform educational system.

In 1961, the Government of Jawaharlal Nehru formed the ‘ National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) ‘, as an autonomous organization to formulate and implement education policies.

However, the urgency for an education policy was first felt in 1964 when Congress MP Siddheshwar Prasad criticized the then government for lacking a vision and philosophy for education.

Subsequently, based on the recommendations of the Kothari Commission (1964–1966), the Government of PM Indira Gandhi announced the first National Policy on Education (NPE) in 1968. The Policy was prepared to improve the quality of education in the country and provide education to all the citizens.

National Policy on Education 1968

• Proposed equal educational opportunities
• Free and compulsory education for all children till the age of 14
• Specialized qualification of teachers
• Three-language formula in secondary education, English, Hindi and regional language
• Increasing education spending to 6% of the national income
• Uniform education structure: 10+2 pattern

In 1986, the Government of PM Rajiv Gandhi introduced the second National Policy on Education.

National Policy on Education 1986

• High emphasis on the removal of disparities and equalize educational opportunity
• “Child-centered Approach” in primary education
• “Operation Blackboard” to improve primary schools nationwide
• Creation of the “rural university” model
• Budget allocated to be 6% of GDP

The 1986 NPE was revised in 1992 by the Government of PM PV Narsimha Rao. The Programme of Action (PoA) 1992 has called for a common entrance examination across India for admission to professional and technical programs. In 2005, Former PM Manmohan Singh adopted a new policy based on the “Common Minimum Programme” of his United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government.

After the 1986 NPE, significant socio-economic changes have taken place in India, emphasizing the need for the education sector to gear itself towards the demands of the 21 st century.

In a bid to prepare a new National Education Policy (NEP), the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) released the Draft New Education Policy (DNEP) in 2019, followed by several public consultations.

In July 2020, the Union Cabinet of India has approved the third National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020), replacing the previous NPE 1986.

In January 2015, the government had initiated a consultation process to formulate a New Education Policy.

The Committee for the preparation of the DNEP has taken consideration of expert opinions, field experiences, empirical research, and stakeholder feedback for an inclusive, participatory and holistic approach.

The draft NEP is primarily based on the foundational pillars, namely Access, Affordability, Equity, Quality, and Accountability.

The Committee received over 2 lakh suggestions from 2.5 lakh gram panchayats, 6,600 blocks, 6,000 Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), and 676 districts.

After the submission of the Draft Report, the State Governments and various Ministries were invited to give their opinions on the Draft National Education Policy 2019 .

The Committee held meetings with State Education Secretaries of School Education and State Secretaries of Higher and Technical Education. An Education Dialogue was also organized with MP’s of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Kerala, Karnataka, and Odisha.

On 29 th July 2020, the Government of PM Narendra Modi approved the ‘ National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) ‘, with an aim to transform India’s education system by 2040.

The NEP, after a gap of 34 years, has put in place a slew of education reforms in both the higher education and school sector. It intends to bring a systematic reform in the education sector rather than an incremental reform.

The NEP 2020 is the first education policy of the 21 st century and aims to address our country’s current developmental imperatives.

The Policy proposes the revision and revamping of all aspects of the current education structure, including its regulation and governance, to forge a new education system that is on par with the aspirational objectives of 21 st century education.

The New Policy also renamed the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) as the Ministry of Education in a bid to bring the focus back on education and learning.

If implemented as per the plan, the new norms will reduce regulatory hassles, promote autonomy, and benefit students, education providers and the labor market.

The foundational principles of NEP 2020 are Access, Equity, Quality, Affordability , and Accountability . The Policy believes that the education system should develop good human beings with rational thinking, compassion, empathy, courage, resilience, scientific temper, creative imagination, and ethical values.

The fundamental principles of the Policy are

• Recognizing , Identifying , and Strengthening the unique capabilities of each student
• Promoting each student’s holistic development in both academic and non-academic spheres
• Achieving Foundational Literacy and Numeracy in all students by Grade 3
• Flexibility for learners to choose their learning trajectories and programs, and thereby choose their paths as per their talents and interests
• No hard separations between arts and sciences, curricular and extra-curricular activities, vocational and academic streams, among others to eliminate harmful hierarchies and silos in areas of learning
• Multi-disciplinary and a holistic education across the sciences, social sciences, arts, humanities, and sports to ensure the unity and integrity of all knowledge
• Promoti on of Multilingualism and the Power of Language in learning and teaching
• Life Skills such as communication, teamwork, cooperation, and resilience
• Regular Formative Assessment for learning instead of summative assessment
• Full Equity and Inclusion as the basis of all educational decisions
• Teachers and Faculty as the heart of the learning process
• ‘ Light but Tight’ regulatory framework to promote integrity, transparency and resource efficiency of the educational system
• Encouraging innovation and out-of-the-box ideas through Autonomy, Good Governance and Empowerment

A Vision of National Education Policy (NEP) 2020

National Education Policy 2020 envisions an India-centric education system that provides high-quality education to all, thereby transforming India sustainable into an equitable and vibrant knowledge society in the world.

Objectives and Reforms of National Education Policy (NEP) 2020

The NEP 2020 paves for numerous significant changes in the Indian education system. The changes and objectives of NEP 2020 are as follows

1) School Education

• The current ‘10+2’ structure covering ages 6-18 to be replaced by a new Pedagogical and Curricular Structure of ‘5+3+3+4’ corresponding to ages 3-18
• Instead of annual examinations every year, students will now only attend exams in Class 3, 5 and 8
• Class 10 and 12 Board Exams will be conducted as usual, but the exams will be made easier by allowing students to take exams twice a year. The exam will have two parts, Objective and Descriptive
• Universal standards of learning and regulations in public and private schools
• Vocational Education and coding will be introduced from Class 6
• Mother tongue or regional language to be the medium of instruction at least up to Class 5 and preferably till Class 8
• Report cards will be a 360-degree Holistic Progress Card that will give a comprehensive report on skills and capabilities instead of just marks and grades
• Focus on the curriculum to core concepts
• Universalization of education from Early Childhood Care Education (ECCE) to Secondary Level
• Achieving 100% Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in school education by 2030
• New National Curriculum Framework for Early Childhood Educator (ECE), schools, teachers and adult students
• Open Schooling System to bring two crore ‘Out Of School Children’ back into the mainstream
• Deployment of counselors and social workers to improve student’s mental health
• Midday Meal Scheme to be extended to include breakfasts  

2) Higher Education

• Holistic and Multi-disciplinary education in an undergraduate program with multiple exit options where the bachelor’s degree can be 3 or 4 years
• Phil. (Master of Philosophy) courses to be discontinued
• PG programs can be 1 or 2 years
• The National Testing Agency will conduct entrance examinations for admissions to universities across the country, apart from the JEE Main and NEET
• Establishment of Academic Bank of Credits to facilitate Transfer of Credits
• Setting up Multidisciplinary Education and Research Universities (MERUs) as models of best multi-disciplinary education of global standards
• Establishment of National Research Foundation , an apex body for fostering a strong research culture and building research capacity across higher education
• Establishment of Higher Education Council of India (HECI) to regulate higher education by preparing the same set of regulations, accreditation and academic standards for private and public institutions. The HECI will have four independent verticals, namely-
• National Higher Education Regulatory Council (NHERC) for the regulation of higher education, except medical and legal education
• General Education Council (GEC) for setting standards
• Higher Education Grants Council (HEGC) for funding and financing of colleges and universities
• National Accreditation Council (NAC) for accreditation
• The HECI will replace the existing National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE), All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) and the University Grants Commission (UGC)
• Phasing out the ‘Affiliation System’ at university level over a period of 15 years
• Increasing Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in higher education from the current 26.3% to 50% by 2035
• Adding 3.5 crore seats in higher education

3) Teacher Education

• By 2023, the minimum qualification for teachers will be 4-year integrated B.Ed. degree
• Emphasis on strengthening and transparency of the teacher recruitment process
• NCTE to formulate a new and comprehensive National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education (NCFTE) 2021
• NCTE to frame National Professional Standards for Teachers (NPST) 2022

4) Other Major Objectives

• Establishment of National Education Commission
• Establishment of Special Education Zones (SEZs) to improve education among underrepresented groups in disadvantaged regions
• Gender Inclusion Fund , for improving and providing education for female and transgender children
• Establishment of National Educational Technology Forum (NETF) , a platform to facilitate the free exchange of ideas on technology usage in education
• National Assessment Centre- ‘PARAKH’ will assess the students
• Establishment of new language institutions such as the Indian Institute of Translation and Interpretation and the National Institute/ Institutes for Pali, Persian and Prakrit
• Establishment of National Mission for Mentoring, National Book Promotion Policy, National Mission on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy
• Increasing the education expenditure from the current 4.6% to 6% of the GDP at the earliest
• Massive usage of technology in education planning, teaching, learning and assessment

National Education Policy (NEP) – Making it Happen

The reforms and objectives of the NEP 2020 are provided from a broader perspective, and it’s not mandatory for state governments to follow them.

For instance, Tamil Nadu does not follow the three-language formula prescribed in the first education policy in 1968.

So, as both central and state governments can make their own laws on education, the proposed reforms can only be implemented if both the governments work collaboratively.

However, this will not happen immediately. The Government of PM Narendra Modi has set a target of 2040 to accomplish the entire Policy.

Moreover, sufficient funding is imperative for the full implementation of the NEP 2020 as a shortage of funds crippled the 1968 NPE.

The central and state governments should substantially increase the spending on education to attain the goals with excellence and the corresponding multitude of socio-economic benefits.

The Indian Government is planning to organize subject-wise committees with members from relevant central and state ministries in order to develop implementation plans for each aspect of NEP.

They will list action plans for multiple bodies, including the HRD Ministry, NCERT, State Education Departments, Central Advisory Board of Education, School Boards, and National Testing Agency, among others.

Yearly joint reviews of the progress of the implementation of the Policy will be conducted against the targets set.

In 2030, a comprehensive review of the status of the implementation of the Policy in its entirety will be conducted.

In the decade of 2030-40, the whole Policy will be in an operational mode, followed by another comprehensive review.

In Conclusion

National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 is a big revolution replacing the 34-year-old policy idea and envisioning to bring about the much-needed modification in the Indian Education System. The Policy has maintained a delicate balance between the traditions and the interdisciplinary approach, which is the need of the 21 st century.

NEP has the potential to revamp the skills of the youth of our country and has all the right tools that are needed to be competitive at the global level.

Needless to say, the New Education Policy is undoubtedly a progressive and ambitious policy that India is waiting for. All the Best!!

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National Education Policy 2023 – NEP 2023 Highlights

Introduction to national education policy 2023.

The National Education Policy was established in the year 2020. It came into existence during the academic year of 2023-24, thereby becoming popular as the NEP 2023. The policy is termed as one of the pathbreaking and game-changer documents that have been conceived and formulated with the objective of bringing about a complete transformation in the Indian education system by 2030.

The New National Education Policy 2023 critically envisions a brand-new holistic education system for the country, hinging on the effective adoption of modern training methods, application of technology, and imparting practical and contemporary skills, to shape the overall personality of students. The NEP 2023 aims to help students define and recharge their creative, analytical, problem-solving, and critical thinking abilities, topped by actively pursuing digital literacy.

Overall, the NEP 2023 provides for large-scale reforms in higher education, aiming to bring in more flexibility, shifting the focus from exam-centric to holistic and experiential, clearcut provision of entry/exit options, key synchronization of vocational subjects, and portability of academic credits to enable more mobility.

National Education Policy 2023

In summary, NEP 2023 or National Education Policy 2023 outlines the framework for the elementary education system, besides vocational training across the country. The NEP 2023 replaces the National Policy on Education of 1986 and spells out a significant shift in terms of many aspects, affecting certain historical changes. The most important among them is the transition from a 10 + 2  structure to a 5 + 3 + 3 + 4 system.

At the heart of National Education Policy 2023 lies the objective to realize an innovative, student-centric structure that segments student education into four stages: Foundational, Preparatory, Middle, and Secondary. The stages are considered crucial and in a natural order where students progress from one stage to another mentally, shaping and broadening the thought process in a holistic manner.

The NEP 2023 incorporates numerous shifts and changes in the education policy. It also provides for an increase in education expenditure from 3% to 6% of the GDP on a priority basis.

New National Education Policy 2023 Focus   

The new education policy focuses on transforming the Indian education system by providing equitable and quality education to all children aged 3-18 years.

NEP 2023 Goals

The goals are to develop creativity, critical thinking, problem-solving, communication skills, and vocational skills, and promote lifelong learning.

New Education Policy 2023 Key Skills

Key skills to focus on include creativity, critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and problem-solving.

Let us list down the key areas where significant changes and shifts have been recommended in National Education Policy 2023:

NEP 2023 – Literacy Goal

To achieve 100% youth and adult literacy by 2030.

Fundamental Structural Change with NEP 2023

National Education Policy 2023 calls for replacing the 10 + 2 structure with a 5+3+3+4 model, recommended to attain foundational literacy and numeracy among students by Grade 3.

NEP 2023 Highlights

The policy states, “The highest priority of the education system will be to achieve universal foundational literacy and numeracy in primary school by 2025. The rest of this Policy will become relevant for our students only if this most basic learning requirement (i.e., reading, writing, and arithmetic at the foundational level) is first achieved. To this end, a National Mission on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy will be set up by the Ministry of Education on priority. Accordingly, all State/UT governments will immediately prepare an implementation plan for attaining universal foundational literacy and numeracy in all primary schools, identifying stage-wise targets and goals to be achieved by 2025, and closely tracking and monitoring the progress of the same”. Subsequently, the NIPUN Bharat Mission (National Initiative for Proficiency in Reading with Understanding and Numeracy) was launched on 5 July 2021 to achieve this goal.

The transition of the model, as per National Education Policy 2023, will be implemented by reclassifying the education stages as the following:

• Foundational Stage: The fundamental stage of laying the foundation that is further stratified into two substages: 3 years of preschool or Anganwadi, followed by classes 1 and 2 in primary school. This essentially covers children between 3 and 8 years. The focus will be on activity-based learning.
• Preparatory Stage: Covering students of class 3-5, and in the age bracket, 8–10 years. Students will be steadily exposed to the fundamental learning aspects of speaking, reading, writing, physical education, art, science, languages, and mathematics.
• Middle Stage: This stage covers students of classes 6 to 8, in the age group of 11 and 13 years. It will introduce students to more abstract concepts in mathematics, sciences, social sciences, arts, and humanities.
• Secondary Stage: Classes 9 to 12, covering the ages of 14–18 years. It is subclassified into two parts: classes 9 and 10, covering the first phase, while classes 11 and 12, covering the second phase. These 4 years of study is intended to inculcate multidisciplinary learning, driven by depth and critical thinking. This provides for multiple options of subjects.

NEP 2023 Examination Structure

The examinations will not be conducted every year but will be held as three milestones, at the end of the classes, 2, 5 & 8.

Revamped examination structure: Students will now actively participate in exams in grades 2, 5, and 8. This reduces the burden and periodicity of assessments that constantly keep children under pressure, with exam-mode preparation overpowering holistic learning. Board exams for grades 10 and 12 will change significantly, where biannual mode will be embraced and objective-descriptive formats will take center stage.

The New Education Policy 2023 thus aims to reduce the curriculum burden on students and will be more ‘inter-disciplinary and multi-lingual’. The reforms begin with the model of examinations.

Mother tongue promotion

The cornerstone of the New Education Policy 2023 is the importance accorded to education in one’s mother tongue. Up to class 5, the medium of instruction will be the mother tongue, with a scope to extend it to grade 8 in the future. In the thick of a national debate where governments are seen fervently promoting English as the medium of instruction from even the primary school level, this prescription reveals the crucial side of education built on the linguistic foundation.

The provision is meant to enhance students’ comprehension and enable the flow of more effective communication with teachers, building stronger bonds, and staying well-connected to one’s cultural roots and background. Through this encouragement, the NEP 2023 intends to enhance language proficiency and clear the cultural chasms encountered by this generation of students.

Interdisciplinary Curriculum

The NEP 2023 encourages interdisciplinary and multilingual education, fostering the promotion of a flexible curriculum that nurtures diverse skills and encourages seamless attainment of knowledge. Transformation is the Mantra that drives the New Education Policy 2023.

Coding and Experimental Learning

Changing according to times, coding will become an integral part of the curriculum in 6th grade, and by integrating experimental learning methods, there will be increased focus on practical and experiential understanding.

Health Focus

The National Education Policy 2023 extends the mid-day meal scheme to include breakfast, with the addition of counselors and social workers to prioritize students’ health and mental well-being.

Higher Education Reforms

Multidisciplinary Bachelor’s Degrees: A flexible 4-year undergraduate program with multiple exit points (certificate, diploma, bachelor’s) that help students gain proficiency in a particular skill set, completely.

• Goodbye to M.Phil.: The New Education Policy 2023 discontinues M.Phil. courses.
• Higher Education Commission: Under NEP 2023, a Higher Education Commission of India will operate to regulate and manage higher education that works proactively on enrollment ratios and ensure higher academic standards.
• Regulatory Councils: As per National Education Policy 2023, a National Higher Education Regulatory Council will oversee higher education (this excludes medical and legal education). Also, a Higher Education Grant Council will financially aid universities and colleges, thus effectively replacing existing bodies.
• Internationalization: The policy fosters international collaboration by allowing foreign universities and institutes to set up campuses and centers in India. This is aimed at maximizing international exposure for students.
• Fee Regulation: Both private and public universities will ensure regulated fees, to realize equitable access to quality education
• College Affiliation: Will be phased out in 15 years, lending autonomous status to the colleges
• District-level Universities: At least one high-quality multidisciplinary institute of excellence will be established in every district of the country by 2030, providing broader access to education
• Multidisciplinary Universities: All universities will graduate into major multidisciplinary institutions by 2040, becoming destinations for holistic education.

NEP 2023 Teachers Policy Alterations

The NEP 2020 has listed certain significant policy alterations with respect to teachers and teacher education. Eligibility criteria have been clearly laid down to become a teacher. This includes a 4-year Bachelor of Education as the minimum requirement needed by 2030. Under the New National Education Policy 2023, the process of recruiting teachers is being strengthened and more transparency and equity is being brought into the system. The onus will be on the National Council for Teacher Education to formulate a National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education by 2021 and a National Professional Standards for Teachers by 2022.

New National Education Policy 2023 – How is it different from National Education Policy 1986

A significant departure is visible in many areas of the New National Education Policy 2023, in comparison with the older one. Let us broadly analyze some of the key differences between National Education Policy 2023 and National Education Policy 1986:

Holistic approach with a broader focus

In the New National Education Policy 2023, a strong emphasis has been laid on multiple dimensions that positively influence the overall growth of the student, mind development, and career clarity. This is seen in initiatives such as technology usage, experiential mode, and exit and entry options. Whereas, in the older National Education Policy 1986, the focus was on clearing exams, and gaining merits and degrees, since improving national literacy was the major challenge in those days.

Stress on language

The latest NEP 2023 displays unconditional veneration for Indian languages and identifies the cruciality of teaching in the mother tongue. The older policy did not touch down on this. Historic negligence of Indian languages seems to be aptly fixed in National Education Policy 2023, a much-needed attention that was grossly missing in the older education policies.

New Education Structure

With the latest 5 + 3 + 3 + 4 system, the National Education Policy 2023 calls for a paradigm shift that is set to turn into an epochal development. In the older policy, there was little attention or attempt to address the education structure reforms.

Multidisciplinary approach

Choosing a stream of choice with a career and passion in mind is always a challenge for the child. The choking that every child had to go through due to the terms of the older policy has been fixed in the New National Education Policy 2023. NEP 2023 clearly paves the way for a multidisciplinary approach that enables students to opt for subjects across streams, thus encouraging cross-disciplinary learning.

Education from early stages

The National Education Policy 2023 clearly attaches importance to education from early childhood. The older policy did not focus on this aspect.

As the latest NEP 2023 is unveiled and put into action, the world is already witnessing rapid progress and development on the technological front. The advent and intervention of technology have completely changed the way we live. The education sector is not immune to this. The NEP 2023 attempts to raise the bar in this direction and makes ample provisions to encourage and proliferate technological interventions in the education system. In the old policy of 1986, this was obviously missing.

Vocational education

The National Education Policy 2023 invites the incorporation of vocational education in mainstream education with appropriate synchronization that only complements conventional education rather than competing or cannibalizing it. With stress on fostering skill development and boosting entrepreneurship, the NEP 2023 constituents are on the job in the right way. The older policy only resulted in building degree factories where institutions were more into propagating the importance of mainstream subjects with an examination perspective. In the NEP 2023, there is a clear importance given to honing the skills and competencies of the children from a young age, thereby preparing them for their careers.

Experiential Learning

The National Education Policy 2023 is for experiential learning, encouraging learning while observing experiencing, and handling real-world applications. The older policy was hinging on rote learning and memorization.

Changes in Assessment Methods

The National Education Policy 2023 without any ambiguity calls for changes in the way assessment is carried out. This includes the adoption of continuous and complete evaluation, while the older policy of 1986 focused on examinations as the real and final benchmark of a student’s performance. NEP 2023 also proposes setting up of a new National Assessment Centre for evaluating learning outcomes.

Final Notes

This is all about the National Education Policy 2023, hope this article clears all the information about the NEP 2023 along with the difference between NEP 2023 with the previous education policies.

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Home > M3 Center > M3PUBLISHING > Vol. 3 (2020) > No. 2021

University of South Florida (USF) M3 Publishing

New education policy (nep) 2020: a roadmap for india 2.0.

Alok Kumar , Jain (Deemed to-be University) Follow

The National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) is formulated to revamp education system and lay down road map for new India. It was approved Indian cabinet on 29th July 2020. This paper is a maiden attempt to highlight NEP 20020 and study India 2.0 vision towards overall transformation education system to meet the challenges of 21st Century. This study is based on secondary data and exploratory in nature. Findings are based on a systematic review of existing literature. It was found that one of the main objectives of NEP 2020 is to increase student’s enrollment in all educational institutions such as elementary school, professional and higher education by 2030. To achieve that it has suggested progressive reform in the existing education and governance systems. This study is preliminary review of policy document and it can be taken as base for future research with empirical data to study the impact of NEP after its implementation. NEP 2020 is expected to give big leap to higher education in India. The vision is to create India 2.0 for 21st century which is bound to take leadership role at global arena. NEP 2020 is largely a very progressive document, with a firm grasp on the current socio-economic landscape and the prospect to meet future challenges. If implemented properly; then it has got everything to make India global hub in education by 2030.

https://www.doi.org/10.5038/9781955833042

Recommended Citation

Kumar, A. (2021). New education policy (NEP) 2020: A roadmap for India 2.0. In W. B. James, C. Cobanoglu, & M. Cavusoglu (Eds.), Advances in global education and research (Vol. 4, pp. 1–8). USF M3 Publishing. https://www.doi.org/10.5038/9781955833042

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A Proclamation on Transgender Day of Visibility,   2024

On Transgender Day of Visibility, we honor the extraordinary courage and contributions of transgender Americans and reaffirm our Nation’s commitment to forming a more perfect Union — where all people are created equal and treated equally throughout their lives.  

I am proud that my Administration has stood for justice from the start, working to ensure that the LGBTQI+ community can live openly, in safety, with dignity and respect.  I am proud to have appointed transgender leaders to my Administration and to have ended the ban on transgender Americans serving openly in our military.  I am proud to have signed historic Executive Orders that strengthen civil rights protections in housing, employment, health care, education, the justice system, and more.  I am proud to have signed the Respect for Marriage Act into law, ensuring that every American can marry the person they love. 

Transgender Americans are part of the fabric of our Nation.  Whether serving their communities or in the military, raising families or running businesses, they help America thrive.  They deserve, and are entitled to, the same rights and freedoms as every other American, including the most fundamental freedom to be their true selves.  But extremists are proposing hundreds of hateful laws that target and terrify transgender kids and their families — silencing teachers; banning books; and even threatening parents, doctors, and nurses with prison for helping parents get care for their children.  These bills attack our most basic American values:  the freedom to be yourself, the freedom to make your own health care decisions, and even the right to raise your own child.  It is no surprise that the bullying and discrimination that transgender Americans face is worsening our Nation’s mental health crisis, leading half of transgender youth to consider suicide in the past year.  At the same time, an epidemic of violence against transgender women and girls, especially women and girls of color, continues to take too many lives.  Let me be clear:  All of these attacks are un-American and must end.  No one should have to be brave just to be themselves.  

At the same time, my Administration is working to stop the bullying and harassment of transgender children and their families.  The Department of Justice has taken action to push back against extreme and un-American State laws targeting transgender youth and their families and the Department of Justice is partnering with law enforcement and community groups to combat hate and violence.  My Administration is also providing dedicated emergency mental health support through our nationwide suicide and crisis lifeline — any LGBTQI+ young person in need can call “988” and press “3” to speak with a counselor trained to support them.  We are making public services more accessible for transgender Americans, including with more inclusive passports and easier access to Social Security benefits.  There is much more to do.  I continue to call on the Congress to pass the Equality Act, to codify civil rights protections for all LGBTQI+ Americans.

Today, we send a message to all transgender Americans:  You are loved.  You are heard.  You are understood.  You belong.  You are America, and my entire Administration and I have your back.

NOW, THEREFORE, I, JOSEPH R. BIDEN JR., President of the United States of America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim March 31, 2024, as Transgender Day of Visibility.  I call upon all Americans to join us in lifting up the lives and voices of transgender people throughout our Nation and to work toward eliminating violence and discrimination based on gender identity.

     IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-ninth day of March, in the year of our Lord two thousand twenty-four, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and forty-eighth.

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