converting research questions into hypothesis

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Research: Articulating Questions, Generating Hypotheses, and Choosing Study Designs

Mary p tully.

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Address correspondence to: Dr Mary P Tully, Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT UK, e-mail: [email protected]

INTRODUCTION

Articulating a clear and concise research question is fundamental to conducting a robust and useful research study. Although “getting stuck into” the data collection is the exciting part of research, this preparation stage is crucial. Clear and concise research questions are needed for a number of reasons. Initially, they are needed to enable you to search the literature effectively. They will allow you to write clear aims and generate hypotheses. They will also ensure that you can select the most appropriate research design for your study.

This paper begins by describing the process of articulating clear and concise research questions, assuming that you have minimal experience. It then describes how to choose research questions that should be answered and how to generate study aims and hypotheses from your questions. Finally, it describes briefly how your question will help you to decide on the research design and methods best suited to answering it.

TURNING CURIOSITY INTO QUESTIONS

A research question has been described as “the uncertainty that the investigator wants to resolve by performing her study” 1 or “a logical statement that progresses from what is known or believed to be true to that which is unknown and requires validation”. 2 Developing your question usually starts with having some general ideas about the areas within which you want to do your research. These might flow from your clinical work, for example. You might be interested in finding ways to improve the pharmaceutical care of patients on your wards. Alternatively, you might be interested in identifying the best antihypertensive agent for a particular subgroup of patients. Lipowski 2 described in detail how work as a practising pharmacist can be used to great advantage to generate interesting research questions and hence useful research studies. Ideas could come from questioning received wisdom within your clinical area or the rationale behind quick fixes or workarounds, or from wanting to improve the quality, safety, or efficiency of working practice.

Alternatively, your ideas could come from searching the literature to answer a query from a colleague. Perhaps you could not find a published answer to the question you were asked, and so you want to conduct some research yourself. However, just searching the literature to generate questions is not to be recommended for novices—the volume of material can feel totally overwhelming.

Use a research notebook, where you regularly write ideas for research questions as you think of them during your clinical practice or after reading other research papers. It has been said that the best way to have a great idea is to have lots of ideas and then choose the best. The same would apply to research questions!

When you first identify your area of research interest, it is likely to be either too narrow or too broad. Narrow questions (such as “How is drug X prescribed for patients with condition Y in my hospital?”) are usually of limited interest to anyone other than the researcher. Broad questions (such as “How can pharmacists provide better patient care?”) must be broken down into smaller, more manageable questions. If you are interested in how pharmacists can provide better care, for example, you might start to narrow that topic down to how pharmacists can provide better care for one condition (such as affective disorders) for a particular subgroup of patients (such as teenagers). Then you could focus it even further by considering a specific disorder (depression) and a particular type of service that pharmacists could provide (improving patient adherence). At this stage, you could write your research question as, for example, “What role, if any, can pharmacists play in improving adherence to fluoxetine used for depression in teenagers?”

TYPES OF RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Being able to consider the type of research question that you have generated is particularly useful when deciding what research methods to use. There are 3 broad categories of question: descriptive, relational, and causal.

Descriptive

One of the most basic types of question is designed to ask systematically whether a phenomenon exists. For example, we could ask “Do pharmacists ‘care’ when they deliver pharmaceutical care?” This research would initially define the key terms (i.e., describing what “pharmaceutical care” and “care” are), and then the study would set out to look for the existence of care at the same time as pharmaceutical care was being delivered.

When you know that a phenomenon exists, you can then ask description and/or classification questions. The answers to these types of questions involve describing the characteristics of the phenomenon or creating typologies of variable subtypes. In the study above, for example, you could investigate the characteristics of the “care” that pharmacists provide. Classifications usually use mutually exclusive categories, so that various subtypes of the variable will have an unambiguous category to which they can be assigned. For example, a question could be asked as to “what is a pharmacist intervention” and a definition and classification system developed for use in further research.

When seeking further detail about your phenomenon, you might ask questions about its composition. These questions necessitate deconstructing a phenomenon (such as a behaviour) into its component parts. Within hospital pharmacy practice, you might be interested in asking questions about the composition of a new behavioural intervention to improve patient adherence, for example, “What is the detailed process that the pharmacist implicitly follows during delivery of this new intervention?”

After you have described your phenomena, you may then be interested in asking questions about the relationships between several phenomena. If you work on a renal ward, for example, you may be interested in looking at the relationship between hemoglobin levels and renal function, so your question would look something like this: “Are hemoglobin levels related to level of renal function?” Alternatively, you may have a categorical variable such as grade of doctor and be interested in the differences between them with regard to prescribing errors, so your research question would be “Do junior doctors make more prescribing errors than senior doctors?” Relational questions could also be asked within qualitative research, where a detailed understanding of the nature of the relationship between, for example, the gender and career aspirations of clinical pharmacists could be sought.

Once you have described your phenomena and have identified a relationship between them, you could ask about the causes of that relationship. You may be interested to know whether an intervention or some other activity has caused a change in your variable, and your research question would be about causality. For example, you may be interested in asking, “Does captopril treatment reduce blood pressure?” Generally, however, if you ask a causality question about a medication or any other health care intervention, it ought to be rephrased as a causality–comparative question. Without comparing what happens in the presence of an intervention with what happens in the absence of the intervention, it is impossible to attribute causality to the intervention. Although a causality question would usually be answered using a comparative research design, asking a causality–comparative question makes the research design much more explicit. So the above question could be rephrased as, “Is captopril better than placebo at reducing blood pressure?”

The acronym PICO has been used to describe the components of well-crafted causality–comparative research questions. 3 The letters in this acronym stand for Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome. They remind the researcher that the research question should specify the type of participant to be recruited, the type of exposure involved, the type of control group with which participants are to be compared, and the type of outcome to be measured. Using the PICO approach, the above research question could be written as “Does captopril [ intervention ] decrease rates of cardiovascular events [ outcome ] in patients with essential hypertension [ population ] compared with patients receiving no treatment [ comparison ]?”

DECIDING WHETHER TO ANSWER A RESEARCH QUESTION

Just because a question can be asked does not mean that it needs to be answered. Not all research questions deserve to have time spent on them. One useful set of criteria is to ask whether your research question is feasible, interesting, novel, ethical, and relevant. 1 The need for research to be ethical will be covered in a later paper in the series, so is not discussed here. The literature review is crucial to finding out whether the research question fulfils the remaining 4 criteria.

Conducting a comprehensive literature review will allow you to find out what is already known about the subject and any gaps that need further exploration. You may find that your research question has already been answered. However, that does not mean that you should abandon the question altogether. It may be necessary to confirm those findings using an alternative method or to translate them to another setting. If your research question has no novelty, however, and is not interesting or relevant to your peers or potential funders, you are probably better finding an alternative.

The literature will also help you learn about the research designs and methods that have been used previously and hence to decide whether your potential study is feasible. As a novice researcher, it is particularly important to ask if your planned study is feasible for you to conduct. Do you or your collaborators have the necessary technical expertise? Do you have the other resources that will be needed? If you are just starting out with research, it is likely that you will have a limited budget, in terms of both time and money. Therefore, even if the question is novel, interesting, and relevant, it may not be one that is feasible for you to answer.

GENERATING AIMS AND HYPOTHESES

All research studies should have at least one research question, and they should also have at least one aim. As a rule of thumb, a small research study should not have more than 2 aims as an absolute maximum. The aim of the study is a broad statement of intention and aspiration; it is the overall goal that you intend to achieve. The wording of this broad statement of intent is derived from the research question. If it is a descriptive research question, the aim will be, for example, “to investigate” or “to explore”. If it is a relational research question, then the aim should state the phenomena being correlated, such as “to ascertain the impact of gender on career aspirations”. If it is a causal research question, then the aim should include the direction of the relationship being tested, such as “to investigate whether captopril decreases rates of cardiovascular events in patients with essential hypertension, relative to patients receiving no treatment”.

The hypothesis is a tentative prediction of the nature and direction of relationships between sets of data, phrased as a declarative statement. Therefore, hypotheses are really only required for studies that address relational or causal research questions. For the study above, the hypothesis being tested would be “Captopril decreases rates of cardiovascular events in patients with essential hypertension, relative to patients receiving no treatment”. Studies that seek to answer descriptive research questions do not test hypotheses, but they can be used for hypothesis generation. Those hypotheses would then be tested in subsequent studies.

CHOOSING THE STUDY DESIGN

The research question is paramount in deciding what research design and methods you are going to use. There are no inherently bad research designs. The rightness or wrongness of the decision about the research design is based simply on whether it is suitable for answering the research question that you have posed.

It is possible to select completely the wrong research design to answer a specific question. For example, you may want to answer one of the research questions outlined above: “Do pharmacists ‘care’ when they deliver pharmaceutical care?” Although a randomized controlled study is considered by many as a “gold standard” research design, such a study would just not be capable of generating data to answer the question posed. Similarly, if your question was, “Is captopril better than placebo at reducing blood pressure?”, conducting a series of in-depth qualitative interviews would be equally incapable of generating the necessary data. However, if these designs are swapped around, we have 2 combinations (pharmaceutical care investigated using interviews; captopril investigated using a randomized controlled study) that are more likely to produce robust answers to the questions.

The language of the research question can be helpful in deciding what research design and methods to use. Subsequent papers in this series will cover these topics in detail. For example, if the question starts with “how many” or “how often”, it is probably a descriptive question to assess the prevalence or incidence of a phenomenon. An epidemiological research design would be appropriate, perhaps using a postal survey or structured interviews to collect the data. If the question starts with “why” or “how”, then it is a descriptive question to gain an in-depth understanding of a phenomenon. A qualitative research design, using in-depth interviews or focus groups, would collect the data needed. Finally, the term “what is the impact of” suggests a causal question, which would require comparison of data collected with and without the intervention (i.e., a before–after or randomized controlled study).

CONCLUSIONS

This paper has briefly outlined how to articulate research questions, formulate your aims, and choose your research methods. It is crucial to realize that articulating a good research question involves considerable iteration through the stages described above. It is very common that the first research question generated bears little resemblance to the final question used in the study. The language is changed several times, for example, because the first question turned out not to be feasible and the second question was a descriptive question when what was really wanted was a causality question. The books listed in the “Further Reading” section provide greater detail on the material described here, as well as a wealth of other information to ensure that your first foray into conducting research is successful.

This article is the second in the CJHP Research Primer Series, an initiative of the CJHP Editorial Board and the CSHP Research Committee. The planned 2-year series is intended to appeal to relatively inexperienced researchers, with the goal of building research capacity among practising pharmacists. The articles, presenting simple but rigorous guidance to encourage and support novice researchers, are being solicited from authors with appropriate expertise.

Previous article in this series:

Bond CM. The research jigsaw: how to get started. Can J Hosp Pharm . 2014;67(1):28–30.

Competing interests: Mary Tully has received personal fees from the UK Renal Pharmacy Group to present a conference workshop on writing research questions and nonfinancial support (in the form of travel and accommodation) from the Dubai International Pharmaceuticals and Technologies Conference and Exhibition (DUPHAT) to present a workshop on conducting pharmacy practice research.

• 1. Hulley S, Cummings S, Browner W, Grady D, Newman T. Designing clinical research. 4th ed. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins; 2013. [ Google Scholar ]
• 2. Lipowski EE. Developing great research questions. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2008;65(17):1667–70. doi: 10.2146/ajhp070276. [ DOI ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]
• 3. Richardson WS, Wilson MC, Nishikawa J, Hayward RS. The well-built clinical question: a key to evidence-based decisions. ACP J Club. 1995;123(3):A12–3. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]

Further Reading

• Cresswell J. Research design: qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches. London (UK): Sage; 2009. [ Google Scholar ]
• Haynes RB, Sackett DL, Guyatt GH, Tugwell P. Clinical epidemiology: how to do clinical practice research. 3rd ed. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2006. [ Google Scholar ]
• Kumar R. Research methodology: a step-by-step guide for beginners. 3rd ed. London (UK): Sage; 2010. [ Google Scholar ]
• Smith FJ. Conducting your pharmacy practice research project. London (UK): Pharmaceutical Press; 2005. [ Google Scholar ]
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Formulating a Clear Research Question Statement

Formulating a clear research question is a crucial step in the research process, providing a focused, precise path for inquiry. This article outlines the essential steps and considerations for developing a strong research question that guides the entire research project.

Key Takeaways

• Understand the core attributes of a strong research question, including specificity, clarity, and relevance to the field of study.
• Identify common pitfalls in research question formulation, such as vagueness and overly broad scope, and learn strategies to avoid them.
• Utilize literature reviews effectively to refine and align your research question with existing knowledge and gaps.
• Transition smoothly from a well-formulated research question to a testable hypothesis, setting the foundation for your research methodology.
• Consider ethical implications in your research question to ensure fairness, privacy, and bias mitigation.

Understanding the Essence of a Research Question Statement

Defining a research question.

To embark on any research project, you must first clearly understand what a research question is. It is the fundamental query that guides your entire study, aiming to address a specific concern or gap in knowledge. Formulating a clear and concise research question is crucial as it sets the direction and scope of your investigation.

Characteristics of a Strong Research Question

A strong research question should be precise, manageable, and substantial enough to warrant detailed analysis. It should be researchable —meaning there must be enough evidence and resources available to answer it. Moreover, it should be specific enough to allow for a clear and focused investigation, yet broad enough to cover the necessary aspects of the topic.

Common Pitfalls to Avoid

When crafting your research question, avoid vagueness, overly broad topics, and questions that are too trivial. A common pitfall is formulating a question that is either too broad or too narrow, which can lead to either an overwhelming amount of data or a lack of sufficient information to conduct thorough research.

Developing a Research Question from a Broad Topic

Narrowing down the scope.

To transform a broad topic into a focused research question , start by identifying the specific aspects of the topic that intrigue you the most. This process involves breaking down the topic into manageable parts and deciding which part you are most passionate about or which has the least existing research.

Identifying Key Variables

Once you have a clearer scope, identify the key variables that will form the basis of your research. These variables are the elements within your topic that you can measure or assess to gather data. Understanding these variables is crucial for formulating an effective research question .

Formulating an Initial Question

With a specific aspect and key variables identified, you can now draft an initial question. This question should be clear, concise, and answerable within the constraints of your research resources. It's important to refine this question over time to ensure it remains relevant and focused on your research goals.

Evaluating the Clarity and Focus of Your Research Question

Criteria for clarity and specificity.

To ensure your research question is effective, it's crucial to evaluate its clarity and specificity. Ask yourself: Is my research question clear? It should be straightforward, with no ambiguity in its wording. Additionally, consider whether it is focused enough to guide your research without being overly broad or narrow.

Tools for Assessing Research Questions

Various tools and frameworks can help you assess the quality of your research question. Utilize checklists and guidelines that focus on the essential aspects of a good research question, such as its scope, relevance, and feasibility. These tools can provide a structured way to critique and refine your question.

Refining Your Question for Precision

After initial assessments, refine your research question to achieve greater precision. This involves narrowing down the scope and specifying the variables involved. Make adjustments based on feedback and ensure your question aligns closely with your research objectives. This step is vital for setting a solid foundation for your study.

The Role of Literature Review in Shaping Your Research Question

Exploring existing research.

When you begin your research journey, the first step is to immerse yourself in the existing body of knowledge. This involves thoroughly reviewing relevant literature to understand what has been studied, how it has been approached, and the outcomes of those studies. This foundational step not only broadens your understanding but also ensures that your research question is grounded in a solid context.

Identifying Gaps and Opportunities

As you delve deeper into the literature, your goal is to identify gaps or areas that have not been fully explored. This process of identifying gaps is crucial as it directs you to potential opportunities for original research. By pinpointing these areas, you can formulate a research question that contributes new insights to your field.

Aligning Your Question with Current Knowledge

Finally, ensure that your research question aligns with the current knowledge landscape. This alignment is essential for the relevance and feasibility of your study. It also helps in articulating how your research will build on, and differ from, existing studies. By aligning your question, you make a compelling case for the significance and necessity of your research.

Transforming a Research Question into a Hypothesis

From question to hypothesis.

Once you have a clear research question, the next step is to transform it into a hypothesis . A hypothesis is a predictive statement that bridges your research question with empirical testing. It's a crucial step in moving from theoretical exploration to concrete, testable predictions . Formulating a hypothesis requires a deep understanding of the variables involved and their possible interactions.

Testing Your Hypothesis

Testing your hypothesis is where your research takes a practical turn. Here, you design experiments or studies to see if the empirical evidence supports your hypothesis. This phase is critical as it directly addresses the validity of your predictions and by extension, the soundness of your research question.

Setting the Stage for Methodology

The final step in this transformation process is setting the stage for your methodology. This involves selecting the appropriate research methods and tools to effectively test your hypothesis. Whether it's qualitative or quantitative research, choosing the right methodology will significantly impact the accuracy and reliability of your results.

Ethical Considerations in Framing Research Questions

When you're formulating your research question, it's crucial to consider the ethical implications of your study. Ethical guidelines for research questions ensure that your inquiry respects the dignity and rights of participants. This involves obtaining informed consent, ensuring anonymity, and avoiding harm.

Avoiding Bias and Ensuring Fairness

Bias in research can skew results and lead to unethical outcomes. It's essential to design your study in a way that minimally influences the participants' responses or behaviors. This includes using neutral language and ensuring that your question does not lead or mislead participants.

Respecting Privacy and Confidentiality

Maintaining the privacy and confidentiality of your participants is a fundamental aspect of ethical research. This means carefully handling sensitive information and using data protection methods to secure personal data. It's important to outline how you will protect this information right from the start of your study.

Advanced Techniques for Crafting Precise Research Questions

Utilizing analytical frameworks.

To enhance the precision of your research questions, consider employing analytical frameworks. These tools help in dissecting the research problem into manageable components, allowing for a more targeted investigation. Frameworks such as SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis or PESTLE (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, Environmental) analysis can provide structured ways to explore various aspects of a topic.

Incorporating Theoretical Models

Theoretical models are instrumental in shaping well-defined research questions. By grounding your question within established theories, you ensure that your inquiry is not only relevant but also anchored in a solid academic foundation. Utilizing models from your field can guide the formulation of questions that are both innovative and deeply rooted in scholarly traditions.

Leveraging Statistical Tools for Precision

Statistical tools are essential for refining research questions to ensure they are specific and measurable. Techniques such as regression analysis or factor analysis can help you identify and define the key variables in your study. This approach not only enhances the clarity of your research question but also boosts its methodological rigor, making your findings more robust and credible.

Dive deeper into the realm of academic success with our article on 'Advanced Techniques for Crafting Precise Research Questions'. This guide is meticulously designed to enhance your research skills and refine your academic inquiries. Don't miss out on elevating your thesis to the next level. Visit our website to explore more insightful content and claim your special offer today!

In conclusion, formulating a clear research question is a pivotal step in the research process that sets the stage for a focused and meaningful study. A well-crafted question not only guides the research direction but also sharpens the study's objectives, ensuring that the investigation remains on track and relevant. It is essential for researchers to invest time in refining their research question, making sure it is specific, researchable, and significant within their field. By adhering to these principles, researchers can enhance the clarity and impact of their studies, contributing valuable insights to their academic disciplines.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a research question statement.

A research question statement clearly defines the focus of a study. It outlines the central issue or problem that the research aims to address, guiding the direction and scope of the investigation.

What makes a strong research question?

A strong research question is specific, clear, feasible, relevant, and complex enough to allow for detailed exploration and analysis within the scope of the study.

How can I narrow down a broad topic into a research question?

To narrow down a broad topic, identify key themes or issues within the topic, review related literature to find gaps, and use these insights to formulate a focused question that addresses a specific aspect of the topic.

What role does literature review play in formulating a research question?

A literature review helps to identify gaps in existing research, which can inspire new research questions. It also ensures that the question aligns with current knowledge and advances the understanding of the topic.

How do I transform a research question into a hypothesis?

To transform a research question into a hypothesis, restate the question as a statement that predicts an outcome based on theoretical insights or previous research. This hypothesis can then be tested through your study's methodology.

What are some ethical considerations in framing research questions?

Ethical considerations include ensuring the question does not harm participants, respects privacy and confidentiality, avoids bias, and contributes positively to the field of study.

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Hypothesis Maker Online

The Hypothesis Maker offers a streamlined approach to generating clear and precise hypotheses. This tool assists in formulating well-structured assumptions for various academic and research projects, ensuring accuracy and clarity.

Are you looking for an effective hypothesis maker online? Worry no more; try our online tool for students and formulate your hypothesis within no time.

• 🔎 How to Use the Tool?
• ⚗️ What Is a Hypothesis in Science?

👍 What Does a Good Hypothesis Mean?

• 🧭 Steps to Making a Good Hypothesis

🔗 References

📄 hypothesis maker: how to use it.

Our hypothesis maker is a simple and efficient tool you can access online for free.

If you want to create a research hypothesis quickly, you should fill out the research details in the given fields on the hypothesis generator.

Below are the fields you should complete to generate your hypothesis:

• Who or what is your research based on? For instance, the subject can be research group 1.
• What does the subject (research group 1) do?
• What does the subject affect? - This shows the predicted outcome, which is the object.
• Who or what will be compared with research group 1? (research group 2).

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⚗️ What Is a Hypothesis in the Scientific Method?

A hypothesis is a statement describing an expectation or prediction of your research through observation.

It is similar to academic speculation and reasoning that discloses the outcome of your scientific test . An effective hypothesis, therefore, should be crafted carefully and with precision.

A good hypothesis should have dependent and independent variables . These variables are the elements you will test in your research method – it can be a concept, an event, or an object as long as it is observable.

You can observe the dependent variables while the independent variables keep changing during the experiment.

In a nutshell, a hypothesis directs and organizes the research methods you will use, forming a large section of research paper writing.

Hypothesis vs. Theory

A hypothesis is a realistic expectation that researchers make before any investigation. It is formulated and tested to prove whether the statement is true. A theory, on the other hand, is a factual principle supported by evidence. Thus, a theory is more fact-backed compared to a hypothesis.

Another difference is that a hypothesis is presented as a single statement , while a theory can be an assortment of things . Hypotheses are based on future possibilities toward a specific projection, but the results are uncertain. Theories are verified with undisputable results because of proper substantiation.

When it comes to data, a hypothesis relies on limited information , while a theory is established on an extensive data set tested on various conditions.

You should observe the stated assumption to prove its accuracy.

Since hypotheses have observable variables, their outcome is usually based on a specific occurrence. Conversely, theories are grounded on a general principle involving multiple experiments and research tests.

This general principle can apply to many specific cases.

The primary purpose of formulating a hypothesis is to present a tentative prediction for researchers to explore further through tests and observations. Theories, in their turn, aim to explain plausible occurrences in the form of a scientific study.

It would help to rely on several criteria to establish a good hypothesis. Below are the parameters you should use to analyze the quality of your hypothesis.

🧭 6 Steps to Making a Good Hypothesis

Writing a hypothesis becomes way simpler if you follow a tried-and-tested algorithm. Let’s explore how you can formulate a good hypothesis in a few steps:

Step #1: Ask Questions

The first step in hypothesis creation is asking real questions about the surrounding reality.

Why do things happen as they do? What are the causes of some occurrences?

Your curiosity will trigger great questions that you can use to formulate a stellar hypothesis. So, ensure you pick a research topic of interest to scrutinize the world’s phenomena, processes, and events.

Step #2: Do Initial Research

Carry out preliminary research and gather essential background information about your topic of choice.

The extent of the information you collect will depend on what you want to prove.

Your initial research can be complete with a few academic books or a simple Internet search for quick answers with relevant statistics.

Still, keep in mind that in this phase, it is too early to prove or disapprove of your hypothesis.

Step #3: Identify Your Variables

Now that you have a basic understanding of the topic, choose the dependent and independent variables.

Take note that independent variables are the ones you can’t control, so understand the limitations of your test before settling on a final hypothesis.

Step #4: Formulate Your Hypothesis

You can write your hypothesis as an ‘if – then’ expression . Presenting any hypothesis in this format is reliable since it describes the cause-and-effect you want to test.

For instance: If I study every day, then I will get good grades.

Step #5: Gather Relevant Data

Once you have identified your variables and formulated the hypothesis, you can start the experiment. Remember, the conclusion you make will be a proof or rebuttal of your initial assumption.

So, gather relevant information, whether for a simple or statistical hypothesis, because you need to back your statement.

Step #6: Record Your Findings

Finally, write down your conclusions in a research paper .

Outline in detail whether the test has proved or disproved your hypothesis.

Edit and proofread your work, using a plagiarism checker to ensure the authenticity of your text.

We hope that the above tips will be useful for you. Note that if you need to conduct business analysis, you can use the free templates we’ve prepared: SWOT , PESTLE , VRIO , SOAR , and Porter’s 5 Forces .

❓ Hypothesis Formulator FAQ

Updated: Jul 19th, 2024

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