data representation computer science igcse

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Units and data representation - OCR Units

All data is represented as binary digits, whether it is numbers, text, images or sound. Calculations are also done in binary.

Part of Computer Science Computer systems

In a computer, all data close data Units of information. In computing there can be different data types, including integers, characters and Boolean. Data is often acted on by instructions. is stored in binary close binary A number system that contains two symbols, 0 and 1. Also known as base 2. form. A binary digit has two possible states, 1 and 0.

A binary digit is known as a bit close bit The smallest unit of data in computing represented by a 1 in binary. . A bit is the smallest unit of data a computer can use. The binary unit system is used to describe bigger numbers too.

Eight bits are known as a byte close byte A unit of data containing 8 bits. .

The binary unit system is as follows:

Analogue data and digital data

Analogue data is a real-life signal that can vary greatly in value. Examples include:

• sound waves
• temperature

Digital data is binary data which represents analogue data. Computers work with digital data. Analogue data must be converted to digital before a computer can use it. A device known as an analogue-to-digital convertor (ADC) is used to generate digital data from analogue signals. In the same way, a digital signal can be converted back to an analogue signal using a digital-to-analogue convertor (DAC).

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Data Representation

1.1 number systems.

• Understand how and why computers use binary
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IGCSE Computer Science Chapter 1 - Data Representation [174x Animated Slide+PYQ]

Subject: Computing

Age range: 14-16

Resource type: Lesson (complete)

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Complete IGCSE Computer Science [Chapter 1 - Data Representation] teaching/revision slides (2023 - 2025 syllabus)

Topic included: Chapter 1.1 - Number System (Denary, Binary and Hexadecimal conversion) Chapter 1.2 - Usage of Hexadecimal System Chapter 1.3 - Addition of binary numbers Chapter 1.4 - Binary Shifting (Multiplication and division of binary numbers) Chapter 1.5 - Two’s complement (Representing negative number in binary) Chapter 1.6 - How text, sound and images are represented in binary Chapter 1.7 - Measurement of Data Storage and Calculation of File Size Chapter 1.8 - Data Compression

Features of the slides: Feature 1 - Animated PPT Feature 2 - DIY (Do it yourself) session for students to practice what they just learned Feature 3 - Carefully slides using Canva to improve students’ engagement Feature 4 - Details step-by-step explanation (A textbook is not required) Feature 5 - Past year questions for students to practice for the IGCSE exam

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Introducing an invaluable time-saving solution! Discover our meticulously crafted bundle of high school Computer Science slides, designed to enhance the learning experience for both you and your students. As an experienced educator, James, I have dedicated over 200 hours to curating this comprehensive collection, ensuring optimal engagement and improved academic outcomes. When you purchase this exceptional bundle, you gain access to a wealth of professionally designed slides that cover the entire IGCSE 2023-2025 syllabus for Computer Science. Each chapter is thoughtfully organized and meticulously animated to captivate your students' attention while fostering a deeper understanding of the subject matter. Let's explore the extensive chapters included in this bundle: 1. Chapter 1 – Data Representation (174 slides) 2. Chapter 2 – Data Transmission (108 slides) 3. Chapter 3 – Hardware (275 slides) 4. Chapter 4 – Software (128 slides) 5. Chapter 5 – Internet and the World Wide Web (179 slides) 6. Chapter 6 – Automated System (A.I) (87 slides) 7. Chapter 7 – Algorithm and Problem Solving (182 slides) 8. Chapter 8 – Programming with Python and Pseudocode (200 slides) 9. Chapter 9 – Databases (53 slides) 10. Chapter 10 – Logic Gates (117 slides) The features of these slides are tailored to maximize student engagement and understanding: 1. Engaging Visuals: Our slides don't rely solely on words; they incorporate captivating images to keep your class fully engaged throughout each lesson. 2. Enhanced Comprehension: The animated elements integrated into the slides enhance student comprehension, allowing complex concepts to be grasped more easily. 3. Aesthetic Design: These slides are meticulously crafted using a beautiful color palette, ensuring an appealing visual experience that complements the educational content. Additionally, we have gone the extra mile to provide you with supplementary materials. This bundle includes worksheets for Chapters 1 to 5, 7, 9, and 10. These self-made worksheets consist of topical past-year questions from 2019 to 2022, accompanied by comprehensive answers, giving your students valuable practice and reinforcement. Contact me (find my email at profile) if you have any query. Don't miss out on this time-saving opportunity to revolutionize your Computer Science lessons. Invest in our meticulously curated bundle of slides today and witness the transformation in your classroom's engagement and academic success.

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Chapter 1 - Data Representation (IGCSE C...

9th - 10th grade, other, computers.

Chapter 1 - Data Representation (IGCSE Computer Science)

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A character set for all characters on a standard keyboard and control codes.

A method used to reduce the size of a sound file.

Audio compression

The maximum rate of transfer of data across a network, measured in kilobits per second (kbps) or megabits per second (Mbps)

Data transmission

High Frequency

Low Frequency

A number system based on 2 and can only use the values 0 and 1

Denary Number System

Hexadecimal Number System

Binary Number System

Octal Number System

The basic computing element that is either 0 or 1 and is formed from the phrase Binary digit

The number of bits used to represent the smallest unit in a sound file

sampling rate

sampling resolution

An image made up of pixels

A list of characters that have been defined by computer hardware and software. It is necessary so that the computer can understand human characters

Extended ASCII

character set

The number of bits used to represent the colours of a pixel

colour depth

image resolution

The reduction of the size of a file by removing repeated or redundant pieces of data; this can be lossy or lossless

compression

An error message generated by the computer

HTML colour codes

MAC address

A number system based on the value 16 which uses denary digits 0 to 9 and letters A to F

A language used in the design of web pages

Visual Basic

The number of pixels in the X-Y direction of an image

(for example, 4096 × 3192 pixels)

Identified either as IPv4 or IPv6; it gives a unique address to each device connected to a network identifying their location

A form of lossy file compression used with image files which relies on the inability of the human eye to distinguish certain colour changes and hues

An operation that shifts bits to the left or right in a register; any bits shifted out of a register (left or right) are replaced with zeroes

one's complement

two's complement

logical shift

illogical shift

A file compression method that allows the original files to be fully restored during the decompression process, for example, run length encoding (RLE)

lossy compression

lossless compression

A file compression method in which parts of the original file cannot be recovered during the decompression process, for example, JPEG, MP3

This hexadecimal number uniquely identifies a device on the internet; it takes the form:NN-NN-NN-DD-DD-DD, where NN-NN-NN is the manufacturer code and DD-DD-DD is the device code NN-NN-NN-DD-DD-DD

Error Codes

Lossy file compression methods used for music files

The result of carrying out a calculation that produces a value that is too large for the computer’s allocated word size (8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit, and so on)

overflow error

Derived from the term ‘picture element’, this is the smallest element used to make up an image on a display

Number of pixels per square inch

pixel density

This is the result of zooming into a bitmap image to such a degree that the actual pixels themselves can be seen

A lossless file compression technique often used to reduce the size of text and photo files

Run length encoding (RLE)

The number of sound samples taken per second in digitalsound recording

A character set which represents all the languages of the world (the first 128 characters are the same as ASCII code)

Extended ASCII code

A method of representing negative numbers in binary; when applied to an 8-bit system, the left-most bit (most significant bit) is given the value −128

three's complement

four's complement

The number of bits used to represent sound amplitude in digital sound recording (also known as bit depth)

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Computer Science > Machine Learning

Title: the platonic representation hypothesis.

Abstract: We argue that representations in AI models, particularly deep networks, are converging. First, we survey many examples of convergence in the literature: over time and across multiple domains, the ways by which different neural networks represent data are becoming more aligned. Next, we demonstrate convergence across data modalities: as vision models and language models get larger, they measure distance between datapoints in a more and more alike way. We hypothesize that this convergence is driving toward a shared statistical model of reality, akin to Plato's concept of an ideal reality. We term such a representation the platonic representation and discuss several possible selective pressures toward it. Finally, we discuss the implications of these trends, their limitations, and counterexamples to our analysis.

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