napo pharmaceuticals case study analysis

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Marketing Process Analysis

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• Napo Pharmaceuticals
• Innovation & Entrepreneurship / MBA Resources

Introduction to case study solution

EMBA Pro case study solution for Napo Pharmaceuticals case study

At EMBA PRO , we provide corporate level professional case study solution. Napo Pharmaceuticals case study is a Harvard Business School (HBR) case study written by Robert Chess, Joshua Spitzer. The Napo Pharmaceuticals (referred as “Napo Shaman” from here on) case study provides evaluation & decision scenario in field of Innovation & Entrepreneurship. It also touches upon business topics such as - Value proposition, Entrepreneurship, Joint ventures, Sustainability. Our immersive learning methodology from – case study discussions to simulations tools help MBA and EMBA professionals to - gain new insight, deepen their knowledge of the Innovation & Entrepreneurship field, and broaden their skill set.

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Case Description of Napo Pharmaceuticals Case Study

Chronicles entrepreneur Lisa Conte's two ventures, Shaman Pharmaceuticals and Napo Pharmaceuticals. Shaman was formed to make drug discovery and development more efficient by studying traditional, indigenous healers in the tropics. Shaman had identified a promising compound that came to be known as crofelemer. For a variety of complex reasons, Shaman declared bankruptcy, and Napo, Conte's new company established specifically for this purpose, bought Shaman's library of compounds, including crofelemer. At the time of the case study, Napo was developing the compound for sale in large western markets while arranging an innovative public-private partnership to develop and distribute crofelemer in the developing world. In developing countries, the compound would treat diarrhea, which kills over 2.5 million children every year. However, the public-private partnership proved difficult to arrange. Concludes with Conte deciding whether to proceed with the partnership that would not only save the lives of children, but also provide much-needed capital to keep Napo in business. Highlights the difficulties of establishing partnerships across sectors and pursuing complex negotiations within the complicated market and regulatory environment associated with the pharmaceuticals industry.

Case Authors : Robert Chess, Joshua Spitzer

Topic : innovation & entrepreneurship, related areas : entrepreneurship, joint ventures, sustainability, what is the case study method how can you use it to write case solution for napo pharmaceuticals case study.

Almost all of the case studies contain well defined situations. MBA and EMBA professional can take advantage of these situations to - apply theoretical framework, recommend new processes, and use quantitative methods to suggest course of action. Awareness of the common situations can help MBA & EMBA professionals read the case study more efficiently, discuss it more effectively among the team members, narrow down the options, and write cogently.

Case Study Solution Approaches

Three Step Approach to Napo Pharmaceuticals Case Study Solution

The three step case study solution approach comprises – Conclusions – MBA & EMBA professionals should state their conclusions at the very start. It helps in communicating the points directly and the direction one took. Reasons – At the second stage provide the reasons for the conclusions. Why you choose one course of action over the other. For example why the change effort failed in the case and what can be done to rectify it. Or how the marketing budget can be better spent using social media rather than traditional media. Evidences – Finally you should provide evidences to support your reasons. It has to come from the data provided within the case study rather than data from outside world. Evidences should be both compelling and consistent. In case study method there is ‘no right’ answer, just how effectively you analyzed the situation based on incomplete information and multiple scenarios.

Case Study Solution of Napo Pharmaceuticals

We write Napo Pharmaceuticals case study solution using Harvard Business Review case writing framework & HBR Innovation & Entrepreneurship learning notes. We try to cover all the bases in the field of Innovation & Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship, Joint ventures, Sustainability and other related areas.

Objectives of using various frameworks in Napo Pharmaceuticals case study solution

By using the above frameworks for Napo Pharmaceuticals case study solutions, you can clearly draw conclusions on the following areas – What are the strength and weaknesses of Napo Shaman (SWOT Analysis) What are external factors that are impacting the business environment (PESTEL Analysis) Should Napo Shaman enter new market or launch new product (Opportunities & Threats from SWOT Analysis) What will be the expected profitability of the new products or services (Porter Five Forces Analysis) How it can improve the profitability in a given industry (Porter Value Chain Analysis) What are the resources needed to increase profitability (VRIO Analysis) Finally which business to continue, where to invest further and from which to get out (BCG Growth Share Analysis)

SWOT Analysis of Napo Pharmaceuticals

SWOT analysis stands for – Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. Strengths and Weaknesses are result of Napo Shaman internal factors, while opportunities and threats arise from developments in external environment in which Napo Shaman operates. SWOT analysis will help us in not only getting a better insight into Napo Shaman present competitive advantage but also help us in how things have to evolve to maintain and consolidate the competitive advantage.

- Streamlined processes and efficient operation management – Napo Shaman is one of the most efficient firms in its segment. The credit for the performance goes to successful execution and efficient operations management.

- Experienced and successful leadership team – Napo Shaman management team has been a success over last decade by successfully predicting trends in the industry.

- Napo Shaman business model can be easily replicated by competitors – According to Robert Chess, Joshua Spitzer , the business model of Napo Shaman can be easily replicated by players in the industry.

- Low profitability which can hamper new project investment – Even though Napo Shaman financial statement is stable, but going forward Napo Shaman 5-7% profitability can lead to shortage of funds to invest into new projects.

Opportunities

- Increase in Consumer Disposable Income – Napo Shaman can use the increasing disposable income to build a new business model where customers start paying progressively for using its products. According to Robert Chess, Joshua Spitzer of Napo Pharmaceuticals case study, Napo Shaman can use this trend to expand in adjacent areas Entrepreneurship, Joint ventures, Sustainability.

- Lucrative Opportunities in International Markets – Globalization has led to opportunities in the international market. Napo Shaman is in prime position to tap on those opportunities and grow the market share.

- Growing dominance of digital players such as Amazon, Google, Microsoft etc can reduce the manoeuvring space for Napo Shaman and put upward pressure on marketing budget.

- Age and life-cycle segmentation of Napo Shaman shows that the company still hasn’t able to penetrate the millennial market.

Once all the factors mentioned in the Napo Pharmaceuticals case study are organized based on SWOT analysis, just remove the non essential factors. This will help you in building a weighted SWOT analysis which reflects the real importance of factors rather than just tabulation of all the factors mentioned in the case.

What is PESTEL Analysis

PESTEL /PEST / STEP Analysis of Napo Pharmaceuticals Case Study

PESTEL stands for – Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal factors that impact the macro environment in which Napo Shaman operates in. Robert Chess, Joshua Spitzer provides extensive information about PESTEL factors in Napo Pharmaceuticals case study.

Political Factors

- Little dangers of armed conflict – Based on the research done by international foreign policy institutions, it is safe to conclude that there is very little probability of country entering into an armed conflict with another state.

- Political and Legal Structure – The political system seems stable and there is consistency in both economic policies and foreign policies.

Economic Factors

- Inflation rate is one of the key criteria to consider for Napo Shaman before entering into a new market.

- According to Robert Chess, Joshua Spitzer . Napo Shaman should closely monitor consumer disposable income level, household debt level, and level of efficiency of local financial markets.

Social Factors

- Consumer buying behavior and consumer buying process – Napo Shaman should closely follow the dynamics of why and how the consumers are buying the products both in existing categories and in segments that Napo Shaman wants to enter.

- Leisure activities, social attitudes & power structures in society - are needed to be analyzed by Napo Shaman before launching any new products as they will impact the demand of the products.

Technological Factors

- Proliferation of mobile phones has created a generation whose primary tool of entertainment and information consumption is mobile phone. Napo Shaman needs to adjust its marketing strategy accordingly.

- Artificial intelligence and machine learning will give rise to importance of speed over planning. Napo Shaman needs to build strategies to operate in such an environment.

Environmental Factors

- Consumer activism is significantly impacting Napo Shaman branding, marketing and corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives.

- Environmental regulations can impact the cost structure of Napo Shaman. It can further impact the cost of doing business in certain markets.

Legal Factors

- Health and safety norms in number of markets that Napo Shaman operates in are lax thus impact the competition playing field.

- Intellectual property rights are one area where Napo Shaman can face legal threats in some of the markets it is operating in.

What are Porter Five Forces

Porter Five Forces Analysis of Napo Pharmaceuticals

Competition among existing players, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers, threat of new entrants, and threat of substitutes.

What is VRIO Analysis

VRIO Analysis of Napo Pharmaceuticals

VRIO stands for – Value of the resource that Napo Shaman possess, Rareness of those resource, Imitation Risk that competitors pose, and Organizational Competence of Napo Shaman. VRIO and VRIN analysis can help the firm.

What is Porter Value Chain

Porter Value Chain Analysis of Napo Pharmaceuticals

As the name suggests Value Chain framework is developed by Michael Porter in 1980’s and it is primarily used for analyzing Napo Shaman relative cost and value structure. Managers can use Porter Value Chain framework to disaggregate various processes and their relative costs in the Napo Shaman. This will help in answering – the related costs and various sources of competitive advantages of Napo Shaman in the markets it operates in. The process can also be done to competitors to understand their competitive advantages and competitive strategies. According to Michael Porter – Competitive Advantage is a relative term and has to be understood in the context of rivalry within an industry. So Value Chain competitive benchmarking should be done based on industry structure and bottlenecks.

What is BCG Growth Share Matrix

BCG Growth Share Matrix of Napo Pharmaceuticals

BCG Growth Share Matrix is very valuable tool to analyze Napo Shaman strategic positioning in various sectors that it operates in and strategic options that are available to it. Product Market segmentation in BCG Growth Share matrix should be done with great care as there can be a scenario where Napo Shaman can be market leader in the industry without being a dominant player or segment leader in any of the segment. BCG analysis should comprise not only growth share of industry & Napo Shaman business unit but also Napo Shaman - overall profitability, level of debt, debt paying capacity, growth potential, expansion expertise, dividend requirements from shareholders, and overall competitive strength. Two key considerations while using BCG Growth Share Matrix for Napo Pharmaceuticals case study solution - How to calculate Weighted Average Market Share using BCG Growth Share Matrix Relative Weighted Average Market Share Vs Largest Competitor

5C Marketing Analysis of Napo Pharmaceuticals

4p marketing analysis of napo pharmaceuticals, porter five forces analysis and solution of napo pharmaceuticals, porter value chain analysis and solution of napo pharmaceuticals, case memo & recommendation memo of napo pharmaceuticals, blue ocean analysis and solution of napo pharmaceuticals, marketing strategy and analysis napo pharmaceuticals, vrio /vrin analysis & solution of napo pharmaceuticals, pestel / step / pest analysis of napo pharmaceuticals, swot analysis and solution of napo pharmaceuticals, references & further readings.

Robert Chess, Joshua Spitzer (2018) , "Napo Pharmaceuticals Harvard Business Review Case Study. Published by HBR Publications.

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Napo Pharmaceuticals

Subjects Covered Developing countries Entrepreneurship Nonprofit organizations Partnerships Sustainability

by Robert Chess, Joshua Spitzer

Source: Stanford Graduate School of Business

23 pages. Publication Date: Sep 13, 2006. Prod. #: E223-PDF-ENG

Napo Pharmaceuticals Harvard Case Study Solution and HBR and HBS Case Analysis

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Napo pharmaceuticals, a jaguar health family company, sponsoring pediatric gastroenterology conference in abu dhabi and panel discussion about microvillus inclusion disease (mvid).

Jaguar's novel plant-based prescription drug crofelemer has been granted Orphan Drug Designation by the FDA and the European Medicines Agency for both MVID and short bowel syndrome (SBS) with intestinal failure

Proof-of-concept studies of crofelemer for MVID and SBS planned for 2024

SAN FRANCISCO, CA / ACCESSWIRE / April 29, 2024 / Jaguar Health, Inc. (Nasdaq:JAGX) today announced that Jaguar family company Napo Pharmaceuticals (Napo) is a Bronze Sponsor of the 10th Annual Elite Ped-GI Congress , which takes place May 2-4, 2024 in Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Additionally, at the conference Napo is sponsoring a panel discussion titled "Masterclass in Congenital Diarrhea" which will focus on microvillus inclusion disease (MVID), an ultra-rare congenital diarrheal disorder. Jaguar's novel plant-based prescription drug crofelemer has been granted Orphan Drug Designation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for both MVID and short bowel syndrome (SBS) with intestinal failure.

"As previously announced, Jaguar, with strong leadership and participation from Jaguar family companies Napo Pharmaceuticals and Napo Therapeutics, is supporting investigator-initiated proof-of-concept studies of crofelemer for the rare disease indications of MVID and SBS with intestinal failure in the US, EU and Middle East/North Africa (MENA) regions, with results expected in 2024. Additionally, in August 2023 the FDA activated Napo Pharmaceuticals' Investigational New Drug (IND) application for a novel formulation of crofelemer for the treatment of MVID, which allows us to initiate our planned phase 2 trial of crofelemer for treatment of this indication in pediatric MVID patients," said Lisa Conte, Jaguar's president and CEO. "In accordance with the guidelines of specific EU countries, published data from clinical investigations in such rare diseases could support early patient access to crofelemer for these debilitating conditions in those countries."

MVID is a severe infantile disease characterized by diarrhea, malabsorption, and acid/base instability, requiring intensive parenteral support for nutritional and fluid management, and there are currently no approved drug treatments.

Dr. Mohamad Miqdady, a member of Napo's Scientific Advisory Board (SAB), will serve as the moderator of the Napo-sponsored panel discussion. The session panelists include Pravin Chaturvedi, PhD, who is Jaguar's Chief Scientific Officer and Chair of the Napo SAB, as well as Dr. Christos Tzivinikos and Dr. Antonella Diamanti, who are leading experts in the treatment of MVID patients in the UAE and Italy.

Dr. Miqdady is the Division Chief of the Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition Division at Sheikh Khalifa Medical City , a flagship tertiary hospital in the UAE and the largest teaching medical center in Abu Dhabi. He is also an Adjunct Professor at Khalifa University's medical school in Abu Dhabi, and completed his Fellowship in Pediatric Gastroenterology at Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital in Houston.

Dr. Christos Tzivinikos is a Consultant Pediatric Gastroenterologist and Founder of the Pediatric GI Department at Al Jalila Children's Specialty Hospital in Dubai, and an Adjunct Clinical Assistant Professor at Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences in Dubai.

Dr. Diamanti is Head of the Artificial Nutrition Unit at Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital in Rome, Italy. She has served as Medical Director of the hospital's Gastroenterology Department since 2001.

Dr. Tzivinikos and Dr. Diamanti will be clinical investigators in Napo's planned phase 2 MVID study, titled Evaluation of Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Crofelemer Following Multiple Ascending Doses of Crofelemer Powder for Oral Solution in Pediatric Participants with Microvillus Inclusion Disease (MVID) .

About the Elite Ped-GI Congress

This Elite Ped-GI Congress is designed to provide information about high level, clinically significant updates and comprehensive trends relevant to the practice of pediatric gastroenterological, nutrition and liver disorders. The annual event provides a venue for healthcare professionals to share their best practices, to network within groups of interest, and to create and strengthen clinical collaborations. Additional information about the Elite Ped-GI Congress can be viewed here on the event website.

About the Jaguar Health Family of Companies

Jaguar Health, Inc. (Jaguar) is a commercial stage pharmaceuticals company focused on developing novel proprietary prescription medicines sustainably derived from plants from rainforest areas for people and animals with gastrointestinal distress, specifically associated with overactive bowel, which includes symptoms such as chronic debilitating diarrhea, urgency, bowel incontinence, and cramping pain. Jaguar family company Napo Pharmaceuticals (Napo) focuses on developing innovative, patient-centric therapeutic solutions for essential supportive care and the management of neglected side effects across complicated disease states. Napo's goal is to redefine what is possible in supportive care, providing hope and improving outcomes for patients worldwide. Napo's crofelemer drug product candidate is the subject of the OnTarget study, a pivotal Phase 3 clinical trial for preventive treatment of chemotherapy-induced overactive bowel (CIOB) in adults with cancer on targeted therapy. Jaguar family company Napo Therapeutics is an Italian corporation Jaguar established in Milan, Italy in 2021 focused on expanding crofelemer access in Europe and specifically for orphan and/or rare diseases. Jaguar Animal Health is a Jaguar tradename. Magdalena Biosciences, a joint venture formed by Jaguar and Filament Health Corp. that emerged from Jaguar's Entheogen Therapeutics Initiative (ETI), is focused on developing novel prescription medicines derived from plants for mental health indications.

For more information about: Jaguar Health, visit https://jaguar.health Napo Pharmaceuticals, visit www.napopharma.com Napo Therapeutics, visit napotherapeutics.com Magdalena Biosciences, visit magdalenabiosciences.com Visit Jaguar on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/jaguar-health/ Visit Jaguar on X: https://twitter.com/Jaguar_Health Visit Jaguar on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/jaguarhealthcommunity/

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements in this press release constitute "forward-looking statements." These include statements regarding Jaguar's expectation that results from investigator-initiated and IND proof-of-concept studies of crofelemer for MVID and SBS with intestinal failure will be available in 2024, the expectation that, in accordance with the guidelines of specific EU countries, published data from clinical investigations of crofelemer for MVID and SBS could support early patient access to crofelemer for these rare diseases in those countries, and the expectation that Jaguar will conduct a phase 2 clinical study of crofelemer for the treatment of MVID. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as "may," "will," "should," "expect," "plan," "aim," "anticipate," "could," "intend," "target," "project," "contemplate," "believe," "estimate," "predict," "potential" or "continue" or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. The forward-looking statements in this release are only predictions. Jaguar has based these forward-looking statements largely on its current expectations and projections about future events. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this release and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified and some of which are beyond Jaguar's control. Except as required by applicable law, Jaguar does not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained herein, whether as a result of any new information, future events, changed circumstances or otherwise.

Source: Jaguar Health, Inc.

[email protected]

Jaguar-JAGX

SOURCE: Jaguar Health, Inc.

View the original press release on accesswire.com

Napo Pharmaceuticals

• Harvard Case Studies

Napo Pharmaceuticals Case Study Solution & Analysis

In most courses studied at Harvard Business schools, students are provided with a case study. Major HBR cases concerns on a whole industry, a whole organization or some part of organization; profitable or non-profitable organizations. Student’s role is to analyze the case and diagnose the situation, identify the problem and then give appropriate recommendations and steps to be taken.

To make a detailed case analysis, student should follow these steps:

STEP 1: Reading Up Harvard Case Study Method Guide:

Case study method guide is provided to students which determine the aspects of problem needed to be considered while analyzing a case study. It is very important to have a thorough reading and understanding of guidelines provided. However, poor guide reading will lead to misunderstanding of case and failure of analyses. It is recommended to read guidelines before and after reading the case to understand what is asked and how the questions are to be answered. Therefore, in-depth understanding f case guidelines is very important.

Harvard Case Study Solutions

STEP 2: Reading The Napo Pharmaceuticals Harvard Case Study:

To have a complete understanding of the case, one should focus on case reading. It is said that case should be read two times. Initially, fast reading without taking notes and underlines should be done. Initial reading is to get a rough idea of what information is provided for the analyses. Then, a very careful reading should be done at second time reading of the case. This time, highlighting the important point and mark the necessary information provided in the case. In addition, the quantitative data in case, and its relations with other quantitative or qualitative variables should be given more importance. Also, manipulating different data and combining with other information available will give a new insight. However, all of the information provided is not reliable and relevant.

When having a fast reading, following points should be noted:

• Nature of organization
• Nature if industry in which organization operates.
• External environment that is effecting organization
• Problems being faced by management
• Identification of communication strategies.
• Any relevant strategy that can be added.
• Control and out-of-control situations.

When reading the case for second time, following points should be considered:

• Decisions needed to be made and the responsible Person to make decision.
• Objectives of the organization and key players in this case.
• The compatibility of objectives. if not, their reconciliations and necessary redefinition.
• Sources and constraints of organization from meeting its objectives.

After reading the case and guidelines thoroughly, reader should go forward and start the analyses of the case.

STEP 3: Doing The Case Analysis Of Napo Pharmaceuticals:

To make an appropriate case analyses, firstly, reader should mark the important problems that are happening in the organization. There may be multiple problems that can be faced by any organization. Secondly, after identifying problems in the company, identify the most concerned and important problem that needed to be focused.

Firstly, the introduction is written. After having a clear idea of what is defined in the case, we deliver it to the reader. It is better to start the introduction from any historical or social context. The challenging diagnosis for Napo Pharmaceuticals and the management of information is needed to be provided. However, introduction should not be longer than 6-7 lines in a paragraph. As the most important objective is to convey the most important message for to the reader.

After introduction, problem statement is defined. In the problem statement, the company’s most important problem and constraints to solve these problems should be define clearly. However, the problem should be concisely define in no more than a paragraph. After defining the problems and constraints, analysis of the case study is begin.

STEP 4: SWOT Analysis of the Napo Pharmaceuticals HBR Case Solution:

SWOT analysis helps the business to identify its strengths and weaknesses, as well as understanding of opportunity that can be availed and the threat that the company is facing. SWOT for Napo Pharmaceuticals is a powerful tool of analysis as it provide a thought to uncover and exploit the opportunities that can be used to increase and enhance company’s operations. In addition, it also identifies the weaknesses of the organization that will help to be eliminated and manage the threats that would catch the attention of the management.

This strategy helps the company to make any strategy that would differentiate the company from competitors, so that the organization can compete successfully in the industry. The strengths and weaknesses are obtained from internal organization. Whereas, the opportunities and threats are generally related from external environment of organization. Moreover, it is also called Internal-External Analysis.

In the strengths, management should identify the following points exists in the organization:

• Advantages of the organization
• Activities of the company better than competitors.
• Unique resources and low cost resources company have.
• Activities and resources market sees as the company’s strength.
• Unique selling proposition of the company.

WEAKNESSES:

• Improvement that could be done.
• Activities that can be avoided for Napo Pharmaceuticals.
• Activities that can be determined as your weakness in the market.
• Factors that can reduce the sales.
• Competitor’s activities that can be seen as your weakness.

OPPORTUNITIES:

• Good opportunities that can be spotted.
• Interesting trends of industry.
• Change in technology and market strategies
• Government policy changes that is related to the company’s field
• Changes in social patterns and lifestyles.
• Local events.

Following points can be identified as a threat to company:

• Company’s facing obstacles.
• Activities of competitors.
• Product and services quality standards
• Threat from changing technologies
• Financial/cash flow problems
• Weakness that threaten the business.

Following points should be considered when applying SWOT to the analysis:

• Precise and verifiable phrases should be sued.
• Prioritize the points under each head, so that management can identify which step has to be taken first.
• Apply the analyses at proposed level. Clear yourself first that on what basis you have to apply SWOT matrix.
• Make sure that points identified should carry itself with strategy formulation process.
• Use particular terms (like USP, Core Competencies Analyses etc.) to get a comprehensive picture of analyses.

STEP 5: PESTEL/ PEST Analysis of Napo Pharmaceuticals Case Solution:

Pest analyses is a widely used tool to analyze the Political, Economic, Socio-cultural, Technological, Environmental and legal situations which can provide great and new opportunities to the company as well as these factors can also threat the company, to be dangerous in future.

Pest analysis is very important and informative.  It is used for the purpose of identifying business opportunities and advance threat warning. Moreover, it also helps to the extent to which change is useful for the company and also guide the direction for the change. In addition, it also helps to avoid activities and actions that will be harmful for the company in future, including projects and strategies.

To analyze the business objective and its opportunities and threats, following steps should be followed:

• Brainstorm and assumption the changes that should be made to organization. Answer the necessary questions that are related to specific needs of organization
• Analyze the opportunities that would be happen due to the change.
• Analyze the threats and issues that would be caused due to change.
• Perform cost benefit analyses and take the appropriate action.

Pest analysis

PEST FACTORS:

• Next political elections and changes that will happen in the country due to these elections
• Strong and powerful political person, his point of view on business policies and their effect on the organization.
• Strength of property rights and law rules. And its ratio with corruption and organized crimes. Changes in these situation and its effects.
• Change in Legislation and taxation effects on the company
• Trend of regulations and deregulations. Effects of change in business regulations
• Timescale of legislative change.
• Other political factors likely to change for Napo Pharmaceuticals.

ECONOMICAL:

• Position and current economy trend i.e. growing, stagnant or declining.
• Exchange rates fluctuations and its relation with company.
• Change in Level of customer’s disposable income and its effect.
• Fluctuation in unemployment rate and its effect on hiring of skilled employees
• Access to credit and loans. And its effects on company
• Effect of globalization on economic environment
• Considerations on other economic factors

SOCIO-CULTURAL:

• Change in population growth rate and age factors, and its impacts on organization.
• Effect on organization due to Change in attitudes and generational shifts.
• Standards of health, education and social mobility levels. Its changes and effects on company.
• Employment patterns, job market trend and attitude towards work according to different age groups.

case study solutions

• Social attitudes and social trends, change in socio culture an dits effects.
• Religious believers and life styles and its effects on organization
• Other socio culture factors and its impacts.

TECHNOLOGICAL:

• Any new technology that company is using
• Any new technology in market that could affect the work, organization or industry
• Access of competitors to the new technologies and its impact on their product development/better services.
• Research areas of government and education institutes in which the company can make any efforts
• Changes in infra-structure and its effects on work flow
• Existing technology that can facilitate the company
• Other technological factors and their impacts on company and industry

These headings and analyses would help the company to consider these factors and make a “big picture” of company’s characteristics. This will help the manager to take the decision and drawing conclusion about the forces that would create a big impact on company and its resources.

STEP 6: Porter’s Five Forces/ Strategic Analysis Of The Napo Pharmaceuticals Case Study:

To analyze the structure of a company and its corporate strategy, Porter’s five forces model is used. In this model, five forces have been identified which play an important part in shaping the market and industry. These forces are used to measure competition intensity and profitability of an industry and market.

porter’s five forces model

These forces refers to micro environment and the company ability to serve its customers and make a profit. These five forces includes three forces from horizontal competition and two forces from vertical competition. The five forces are discussed below:

• THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS:
• as the industry have high profits, many new entrants will try to enter into the market. However, the new entrants will eventually cause decrease in overall industry profits. Therefore, it is necessary to block the new entrants in the industry. following factors is describing the level of threat to new entrants:
• Barriers to entry that includes copy rights and patents.
• High capital requirement
• Government restricted policies
• Switching cost
• Access to suppliers and distributions
• Customer loyalty to established brands.
• THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES:
• this describes the threat to company. If the goods and services are not up to the standard, consumers can use substitutes and alternatives that do not need any extra effort and do not make a major difference. For example, using Aquafina in substitution of tap water, Pepsi in alternative of Coca Cola. The potential factors that made customer shift to substitutes are as follows:
• Price performance of substitute
• Switching costs of buyer
• Products substitute available in the market
• Reduction of quality
• Close substitution are available
• DEGREE OF INDUSTRY RIVALRY:
• the lesser money and resources are required to enter into any industry, the higher there will be new competitors and be an effective competitor. It will also weaken the company’s position. Following are the potential factors that will influence the company’s competition:
• Competitive advantage
• Continuous innovation
• Sustainable position in competitive advantage
• Level of advertising
• Competitive strategy
• BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS:
• it deals with the ability of customers to take down the prices. It mainly consists the importance of a customer and the level of cost if a customer will switch from one product to another. The buyer power is high if there are too many alternatives available. And the buyer power is low if there are lesser options of alternatives and switching. Following factors will influence the buying power of customers:
• Bargaining leverage
• Switching cost of a buyer
• Buyer price sensitivity
• Competitive advantage of company’s product
• BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS:
• this refers to the supplier’s ability of increasing and decreasing prices. If there are few alternatives o supplier available, this will threat the company and it would have to purchase its raw material in supplier’s terms. However, if there are many suppliers alternative, suppliers have low bargaining power and company do not have to face high switching cost. The potential factors that effects bargaining power of suppliers are the following:
• Input differentiation
• Impact of cost on differentiation
• Strength of distribution centers
• Input substitute’s availability.

STEP 7: VRIO Analysis of Napo Pharmaceuticals:

Vrio analysis for Napo Pharmaceuticals case study identified the four main attributes which helps the organization to gain a competitive advantages. The author of this theory suggests that firm must be valuable, rare, imperfectly imitable and perfectly non sustainable. Therefore there must be some resources and capabilities in an organization that can facilitate the competitive advantage to company. The four components of VRIO analysis are described below: VALUABLE: the company must have some resources or strategies that can exploit opportunities and defend the company from major threats. If the company holds some value then answer is yes. Resources are also valuable if they provide customer satisfaction and increase customer value. This value may create by increasing differentiation in existing product or decrease its price. Is these conditions are not met, company may lead to competitive disadvantage. Therefore, it is necessary to continually review the Napo Pharmaceuticals company’s activities and resources values. RARE: the resources of the Napo Pharmaceuticals company that are not used by any other company are known as rare. Rare and valuable resources grant much competitive advantages to the firm. However, when more than one few companies uses the same resources and provide competitive parity are also known as rare resources. Even, the competitive parity is not desired position, but the company should not lose its valuable resources, even they are common. COSTLY TO IMITATE : the resources are costly to imitate, if other organizations cannot imitate it. However, imitation is done in two ways. One is duplicating that is direct imitation and the other one is substituting that is indirect imitation.  Any firm who has valuable and rare resources, and these resources are costly to imitate, have achieved their competitive advantage. However, resources should also be perfectly non sustainable. The reasons that resource imitation is costly are historical conditions, casual ambiguity and social complexity. ORGANIZED TO CAPTURE VALUE : resources, itself, cannot provide advantages to organization until it is organized and exploit to do so. A firm (like Napo Pharmaceuticals)  must organize its management systems, processes, policies and strategies to fully utilize the resource’s potential to be valuable, rare and costly to imitate.

STEP 8: Generating Alternatives For Napo Pharmaceuticals Case Solution:

After completing the analyses of the company, its opportunities and threats, it is important to generate a solution of the problem and the alternatives a company can apply in order to solve its problems. To generate the alternative of problem, following things must to be kept in mind:

• Realistic solution should be identified that can be operated in the company, with all its constraints and opportunities.
• as the problem and its solution cannot occur at the same time, it should be described as mutually exclusive
• it is not possible for a company to not to take any action, therefore, the alternative of doing nothing is not viable.
• Student should provide more than one decent solution. Providing two undesirable alternatives to make the other one attractive is not acceptable.

Once the alternatives have been generated, student should evaluate the options and select the appropriate and viable solution for the company.

STEP 9: Selection Of Alternatives For Napo Pharmaceuticals Case Solution:

It is very important to select the alternatives and then evaluate the best one as the company have limited choices and constraints. Therefore to select the best alternative, there are many factors that is needed to be kept in mind. The criteria’s on which business decisions are to be selected areas under:

• Improve profitability
• Increase sales, market shares, return on investments
• Customer satisfaction
• Brand image
• Corporate mission, vision and strategy
• Resources and capabilities

Alternatives should be measures that which alternative will perform better than other one and the valid reasons. In addition, alternatives should be related to the problem statements and issues described in the case study.

STEP 10: Evaluation Of Alternatives For Napo Pharmaceuticals Case Solution:

If the selected alternative is fulfilling the above criteria, the decision should be taken straightforwardly. Best alternative should be selected must be the best when evaluating it on the decision criteria. Another method used to evaluate the alternatives are the list of pros and cons of each alternative and one who has more pros than cons and can be workable under organizational constraints.

STEP 11: Recommendations For Napo Pharmaceuticals Case Study (Solution):

There should be only one recommendation to enhance the company’s operations and its growth or solving its problems. The decision that is being taken should be justified and viable for solving the problems.

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Napo Pharmaceuticals: Pivot to Animal Health (B)

By: Kristiana Raube

The Napo Pharmaceuticals case study provides students with an example of a biotech company that has pursued a triple bottom line of people, planet, and profit while making life-saving drugs like…

• Length: 2 page(s)
• Publication Date: Feb 14, 2014
• Discipline: General Management
• Product #: B5785-PDF-ENG

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This content is provided by UC Berkeley - Haas School of Business.

The Napo Pharmaceuticals case study provides students with an example of a biotech company that has pursued a triple bottom line of people, planet, and profit while making life-saving drugs like crofelemer to deal with diarrhea in adult HIV/AIDS patients and potentially diarrhea for children and other neglected diseases around the world. The case study focuses on CEO and founder, Lisa Conte's challenging road to the point where she and her distribution partners achieved FDA approval for the drug. The case study outlines the issues such mission-oriented biotech companies faced in the more typical profit-oriented world of biotech. Please note: This case also has an (A) supplement available (case number B5784).

Learning Objectives

To provide students with an example of a pharmaceutical company that has a triple bottom line mission and the challenges such a company faces.

Feb 14, 2014

Discipline:

General Management

Geographies:

California, India

Industries:

Biotechnology industry

UC Berkeley - Haas School of Business

B5785-PDF-ENG

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Napo Pharmaceuticals Case Analysis and Case Solution

Posted by Peter Williams on Aug-09-2018

Introduction of Napo Pharmaceuticals Case Solution

The Napo Pharmaceuticals case study is a Harvard Business Review case study, which presents a simulated practical experience to the reader allowing them to learn about real life problems in the business world. The Napo Pharmaceuticals case consisted of a central issue to the organization, which had to be identified, analysed and creative solutions had to be drawn to tackle the issue. This paper presents the solved Napo Pharmaceuticals case analysis and case solution. The method through which the analysis is done is mentioned, followed by the relevant tools used in finding the solution.

The case solution first identifies the central issue to the Napo Pharmaceuticals case study, and the relevant stakeholders affected by this issue. This is known as the problem identification stage. After this, the relevant tools and models are used, which help in the case study analysis and case study solution. The tools used in identifying the solution consist of the SWOT Analysis, Porter Five Forces Analysis, PESTEL Analysis, VRIO analysis, Value Chain Analysis, BCG Matrix analysis, Ansoff Matrix analysis, and the Marketing Mix analysis. The solution consists of recommended strategies to overcome this central issue. It is a good idea to also propose alternative case study solutions, because if the main solution is not found feasible, then the alternative solutions could be implemented. Lastly, a good case study solution also includes an implementation plan for the recommendation strategies. This shows how through a step-by-step procedure as to how the central issue can be resolved.

Problem Identification of Napo Pharmaceuticals Case Solution

Harvard Business Review cases involve a central problem that is being faced by the organization and these problems affect a number of stakeholders. In the problem identification stage, the problem faced by Napo Pharmaceuticals is identified through reading of the case. This could be mentioned at the start of the reading, the middle or the end. At times in a case analysis, the problem may be clearly evident in the reading of the HBR case. At other times, finding the issue is the job of the person analysing the case. It is also important to understand what stakeholders are affected by the problem and how. The goals of the stakeholders and are the organization are also identified to ensure that the case study analysis are consistent with these.

Analysis of the Napo Pharmaceuticals HBR Case Study

The objective of the case should be focused on. This is doing the Napo Pharmaceuticals Case Solution. This analysis can be proceeded in a step-by-step procedure to ensure that effective solutions are found.

• In the first step, a growth path of the company can be formulated that lays down its vision, mission and strategic aims. These can usually be developed using the company history is provided in the case. Company history is helpful in a Business Case study as it helps one understand what the scope of the solutions will be for the case study.
• The next step is of understanding the company; its people, their priorities and the overall culture. This can be done by using company history. It can also be done by looking at anecdotal instances of managers or employees that are usually included in an HBR case study description to give the reader a real feel of the situation.
• Lastly, a timeline of the issues and events in the case needs to be made. Arranging events in a timeline allows one to predict the next few events that are likely to take place. It also helps one in developing the case study solutions. The timeline also helps in understanding the continuous challenges that are being faced by the organisation.

SWOT analysis of Napo Pharmaceuticals

An important tool that helps in addressing the central issue of the case and coming up with Napo Pharmaceuticals HBR case solution is the SWOT analysis.

• The SWOT analysis is a strategic management tool that lists down in the form of a matrix, an organisation's internal strengths and weaknesses, and external opportunities and threats. It helps in the strategic analysis of Napo Pharmaceuticals.
• Once this listing has been done, a clearer picture can be developed in regards to how strategies will be formed to address the main problem. For example, strengths will be used as an advantage in solving the issue.

Therefore, the SWOT analysis is a helpful tool in coming up with the Napo Pharmaceuticals Case Study answers. One does not need to remain restricted to using the traditional SWOT analysis, but the advanced TOWS matrix or weighted average SWOT analysis can also be used.

Porter Five Forces Analysis for Napo Pharmaceuticals

Another helpful tool in finding the case solutions is of Porter's Five Forces analysis. This is also a strategic tool that is used to analyse the competitive environment of the industry in which Napo Pharmaceuticals operates in. Analysis of the industry is important as businesses do not work in isolation in real life, but are affected by the business environment of the industry that they operate in. Harvard Business case studies represent real-life situations, and therefore, an analysis of the industry's competitive environment needs to be carried out to come up with more holistic case study solutions. In Porter's Five Forces analysis, the industry is analysed along 5 dimensions.

• These are the threats that the industry faces due to new entrants.
• It includes the threat of substitute products.
• It includes the bargaining power of buyers in the industry.
• It includes the bargaining power of suppliers in an industry.
• Lastly, the overall rivalry or competition within the industry is analysed.

This tool helps one understand the relative powers of the major players in the industry and its overall competitive dynamics. Actionable and practical solutions can then be developed by keeping these factors into perspective.

PESTEL Analysis of Napo Pharmaceuticals

Another helpful tool that should be used in finding the case study solutions is the PESTEL analysis. This also looks at the external business environment of the organisation helps in finding case study Analysis to real-life business issues as in HBR cases.

• The PESTEL analysis particularly looks at the macro environmental factors that affect the industry. These are the political, environmental, social, technological, environmental and legal (regulatory) factors affecting the industry.
• Factors within each of these 6 should be listed down, and analysis should be made as to how these affect the organisation under question.
• These factors are also responsible for the future growth and challenges within the industry. Hence, they should be taken into consideration when coming up with the Napo Pharmaceuticals case solution.

VRIO Analysis of Napo Pharmaceuticals

This is an analysis carried out to know about the internal strengths and capabilities of Napo Pharmaceuticals. Under the VRIO analysis, the following steps are carried out:

• The internal resources of Napo Pharmaceuticals are listed down.
• Each of these resources are assessed in terms of the value it brings to the organization.
• Each resource is assessed in terms of how rare it is. A rare resource is one that is not commonly used by competitors.
• Each resource is assessed whether it could be imitated by competition easily or not.
• Lastly, each resource is assessed in terms of whether the organization can use it to an advantage or not.

The analysis done on the 4 dimensions; Value, Rareness, Imitability, and Organization. If a resource is high on all of these 4, then it brings long-term competitive advantage. If a resource is high on Value, Rareness, and Imitability, then it brings an unused competitive advantage. If a resource is high on Value and Rareness, then it only brings temporary competitive advantage. If a resource is only valuable, then it’s a competitive parity. If it’s none, then it can be regarded as a competitive disadvantage.

Value Chain Analysis of Napo Pharmaceuticals

The Value chain analysis of Napo Pharmaceuticals helps in identifying the activities of an organization, and how these add value in terms of cost reduction and differentiation. This tool is used in the case study analysis as follows:

• The firm’s primary and support activities are listed down.
• Identifying the importance of these activities in the cost of the product and the differentiation they produce.
• Lastly, differentiation or cost reduction strategies are to be used for each of these activities to increase the overall value provided by these activities.

Recognizing value creating activities and enhancing the value that they create allow Napo Pharmaceuticals to increase its competitive advantage.

BCG Matrix of Napo Pharmaceuticals

The BCG Matrix is an important tool in deciding whether an organization should invest or divest in its strategic business units. The matrix involves placing the strategic business units of a business in one of four categories; question marks, stars, dogs and cash cows. The placement in these categories depends on the relative market share of the organization and the market growth of these strategic business units. The steps to be followed in this analysis is as follows:

• Identify the relative market share of each strategic business unit.
• Identify the market growth of each strategic business unit.
• Place these strategic business units in one of four categories. Question Marks are those strategic business units with high market share and low market growth rate. Stars are those strategic business units with high market share and high market growth rate. Cash Cows are those strategic business units with high market share and low market growth rate. Dogs are those strategic business units with low market share and low growth rate.
• Relevant strategies should be implemented for each strategic business unit depending on its position in the matrix.

The strategies identified from the Napo Pharmaceuticals BCG matrix and included in the case pdf. These are either to further develop the product, penetrate the market, develop the market, diversification, investing or divesting.

Ansoff Matrix of Napo Pharmaceuticals

Ansoff Matrix is an important strategic tool to come up with future strategies for Napo Pharmaceuticals in the case solution. It helps decide whether an organization should pursue future expansion in new markets and products or should it focus on existing markets and products.

• The organization can penetrate into existing markets with its existing products. This is known as market penetration strategy.
• The organization can develop new products for the existing market. This is known as product development strategy.
• The organization can enter new markets with its existing products. This is known as market development strategy.
• The organization can enter into new markets with new products. This is known as a diversification strategy.

The choice of strategy depends on the analysis of the previous tools used and the level of risk the organization is willing to take.

Marketing Mix of Napo Pharmaceuticals

Napo Pharmaceuticals needs to bring out certain responses from the market that it targets. To do so, it will need to use the marketing mix, which serves as a tool in helping bring out responses from the market. The 4 elements of the marketing mix are Product, Price, Place and Promotions. The following steps are required to carry out a marketing mix analysis and include this in the case study analysis.

• Analyse the company’s products and devise strategies to improve the product offering of the company.
• Analyse the company’s price points and devise strategies that could be based on competition, value or cost.
• Analyse the company’s promotion mix. This includes the advertisement, public relations, personal selling, sales promotion, and direct marketing. Strategies will be devised which makes use of a few or all of these elements.
• Analyse the company’s distribution and reach. Strategies can be devised to improve the availability of the company’s products.

Napo Pharmaceuticals Blue Ocean Strategy

The strategies devised and included in the Napo Pharmaceuticals case memo should have a blue ocean strategy. A blue ocean strategy is a strategy that involves firms seeking uncontested market spaces, which makes the competition of the company irrelevant. It involves coming up with new and unique products or ideas through innovation. This gives the organization a competitive advantage over other firms, unlike a red ocean strategy.

Competitors analysis of Napo Pharmaceuticals

The PESTEL analysis discussed previously looked at the macro environmental factors affecting business, but not the microenvironmental factors. One of the microenvironmental factors are competitors, which are addressed by a competitor analysis. The Competitors analysis of Napo Pharmaceuticals looks at the direct and indirect competitors within the industry that it operates in.

• This involves a detailed analysis of their actions and how these would affect the future strategies of Napo Pharmaceuticals.
• It involves looking at the current market share of the company and its competitors.
• It should compare the marketing mix elements of competitors, their supply chain, human resources, financial strength etc.
• It also should look at the potential opportunities and threats that these competitors pose on the company.

Organisation of the Analysis into Napo Pharmaceuticals Case Study Solution

Once various tools have been used to analyse the case, the findings of this analysis need to be incorporated into practical and actionable solutions. These solutions will also be the Napo Pharmaceuticals case answers. These are usually in the form of strategies that the organisation can adopt. The following step-by-step procedure can be used to organise the Harvard Business case solution and recommendations:

• The first step of the solution is to come up with a corporate level strategy for the organisation. This part consists of solutions that address issues faced by the organisation on a strategic level. This could include suggestions, changes or recommendations to the company's vision, mission and its strategic objectives. It can include recommendations on how the organisation can work towards achieving these strategic objectives. Furthermore, it needs to be explained how the stated recommendations will help in solving the main issue mentioned in the case and where the company will stand in the future as a result of these.
• The second step of the solution is to come up with a business level strategy. The HBR case studies may present issues faced by a part of the organisation. For example, the issues may be stated for marketing and the role of a marketing manager needs to be assumed. So, recommendations and suggestions need to address the strategy of the marketing department in this case. Therefore, the strategic objectives of this business unit (Marketing) will be laid down in the solutions and recommendations will be made as to how to achieve these objectives. Similar would be the case for any other business unit or department such as human resources, finance, IT etc. The important thing to note here is that the business level strategy needs to be aligned with the overall corporate strategy of the organisation. For example, if one suggests the organisation to focus on differentiation for competitive advantage as a corporate level strategy, then it can't be recommended for the Napo Pharmaceuticals Case Study Solution that the business unit should focus on costs.
• The third step is not compulsory but depends from case to case. In some HBR case studies, one may be required to analyse an issue at a department. This issue may be analysed for a manager or employee as well. In these cases, recommendations need to be made for these people. The solution may state that objectives that these people need to achieve and how these objectives would be achieved.

The case study analysis and solution, and Napo Pharmaceuticals case answers should be written down in the Napo Pharmaceuticals case memo, clearly identifying which part shows what. The Napo Pharmaceuticals case should be in a professional format, presenting points clearly that are well understood by the reader.

Alternate solution to the Napo Pharmaceuticals HBR case study

It is important to have more than one solution to the case study. This is the alternate solution that would be implemented if the original proposed solution is found infeasible or impossible due to a change in circumstances. The alternate solution for Napo Pharmaceuticals is presented in the same way as the original solution, where it consists of a corporate level strategy, business level strategy and other recommendations.

Implementation of Napo Pharmaceuticals Case Solution

The case study does not end at just providing recommendations to the issues at hand. One is also required to provide how these recommendations would be implemented. This is shown through a proper implementation framework. A detailed implementation framework helps in distinguishing between an average and an above average case study answer. A good implementation framework shows the proposed plan and how the organisations' resources would be used to achieve the objectives. It also lays down the changes needed to be made as well as the assumptions in the process.

• A proper implementation framework shows that one has clearly understood the case study and the main issue within it.
• It shows that one has been clarified with the HBR fundamentals on the topic.
• It shows that the details provided in the case have been properly analysed.
• It shows that one has developed an ability to prioritise recommendations and how these could be successfully implemented.
• The implementation framework also helps by removing out any recommendations that are not practical or actionable as these could not be implemented. Therefore, the implementation framework ensures that the solution to the Napo Pharmaceuticals Harvard case is complete and properly answered.

Recommendations and Action Plan for Napo Pharmaceuticals case analysis

For Napo Pharmaceuticals, based on the SWOT Analysis, Porter Five Forces Analysis, PESTEL Analysis, VRIO analysis, Value Chain Analysis, BCG Matrix analysis, Ansoff Matrix analysis, and the Marketing Mix analysis, the recommendations and action plan are as follows:

• Napo Pharmaceuticals should focus on making use of its strengths identified from the VRIO analysis to make the most of the opportunities identified from the PESTEL.
• Napo Pharmaceuticals should enhance the value creating activities within its value chain.
• Napo Pharmaceuticals should invest in its stars and cash cows, while getting rid of the dogs identified from the BCG Matrix analysis.
• To achieve its overall corporate and business level objectives, it should make use of the marketing mix tools to obtain desired results from its target market.

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Napo Pharmaceuticals: Triple Bottom Line of People, Planet, and Profits Harvard Case Solution & Analysis

Home >> Harvard Case Study Analysis Solutions >> Napo Pharmaceuticals: Triple Bottom Line of People, Planet, and Profits

Napo Pharmaceuticals: Triple Bottom Line of People, Planet, and Profits Case Study Solution

Would you have invested in napo why or why not.

Yes, I will invest in Napo because Napo is in the process of making the new drugs which give cure to many neglected diseases like diarrheal which help in decreasing the mortality rate in adults and children’s, which help to stable the economy death rate. Investment in Napo is sharing only clinical and commercialization risk. Initially Napo would gain approval for its drugs and then establish partnerships in western market. (Loitongbam, 2016). Investments in Napo also makes the excellent business sense in the developing countries and where there is large competition exist i-e developed countries. Investment in Napo help to come out with more skilled peoples which help Napo pharmaceutical to make drugs for the other diseases which are still not cured in the present era like a drug for proper treatment of all types of prevailing cancer in the world. (Kyle, 2012)

Why do you think Napo had so many challenges with its commercial partners?

Napo has so many challenges with its commercial partners Salix and Glenmark pharmaceuticals, after their relation became sour. Napo had to face the challenge of financing for its survival, the challenge creating higher volume businesses in the emerging economies of the world, uncertainty about the future, maintaining company’s reputation and performances, and the changes coming in the technology. (Niosi, 2012). The biggest challenge which Napo had to bear was a profitable market, information barriers, and financing for the new product. Another challenge which Napo has to face is to search for novel approaches in order to create and retain a high value added business innovation model to make new drug discoveries, this seems to be quite difficult for Napo but it creates opportunities in the developing world. (Joanna chataway, 2007)

What do you think Conte should do next?

Conte had to do a lot of hard work because she had the elusive FDA approval for the product but she lack financing, having no commercial manufacturing facility and no appropriate distribution channel now. Conte has to go for a bank loan in order to starts its operations, and then have to market its product itself in the market in order to attract the investors as well as the distributors. Conte has to focus on its strengths and establish a value proposition in order to create benchmark in both the developing and developed countries. (Coster, 2017) Conte should have to work with effective leadership in the future to make sustainable growth.

The Napo Pharmaceutical is a biotech company which pursue a triple bottom line of people, planet and profit, which is preparing lifesaving drugs in order to cure the neglected diseases like infectious diarrhoea etc. The Napo pharmaceutical specifically made a drug named ‘’crofelemer’’ which help to treat patients of diarrhoea which is not caused by an infection from a virus, bacteria or parasite. The Napo had to face different challenges in making the new drug discovery. Three things which hindered the discovery of new life saving drugs are financing, market and information barrier. Napo business model covers both the developing and developed country irrespective of the economic condition. Napo end up with sour relationship with two of its commercial partners Salix and Glenmark and end up with lawsuits. Conte has FDA approval for products but she don’t have any investor to invest in its company as well as no distribution channel is there for her to start her work.

Appendix-1: Reasons for Few Biotech Firms

Appendix-2: Napo v/s Typical Biotech Firms

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Pharmaceutical manager and entrepreneur with over 30 years of experience in the biopharmaceutical sector and innovation in therapies dedicated to rare diseases. He founded Noventia Pharma, Pint Pharma Group, Ferrer Italia and he is co-founder of Dupont-Merck JV Italian Subsidiary. He was president and CEO of Dompé International, as well as member of the boards of directors of Ariad Pharmaceuticals, Novabay, Philogen and IDRI. Today he is member of the boards of Pint Pharma Group, Bioakos Pharma Labs and Cytovia Threapeutics.

Michela brings with her almost 20 years of experience in market access of innovative new therapies and orphan drugs from different perspectives, both local and international.

She began her career in consulting, where she spent about 7 years working in different settings and for both public and private healthcare clients. During this experience she completed successful projects involving both regional and national stakeholders and where she also worked on the development of international access strategies working with HQs of multinational companies.  

She then moved to AstraZeneca Italy in 2010, where she had the opportunity to work in the access team, in roles of increasing responsibility, gaining proven experience in the development of pricing and access strategies for innovative drugs. He worked closely with the territory and had the opportunity to develop important partnership projects with payers and institutions.  

Prior to joining Napo Therapeutics, Michela served as Head of Market Access Rare Diseases Europe & Emerging Markets at Chiesi Global Rare Diseases, where she was responsible for developing access and reimbursement strategies for the rare disease drug portfolio, working closely with local market access teams or partners to ensure implementation.  

Michela holds a Bachelor’s degree in Management Engineering from the University of Bologna and a Master’s degree in International Health Care Management, Economics and Policy from SDA Bocconi in Milan.

Over the last 15+ years he worked for top-tier pharmaceutical companies developing extensive local and international commercial experience in different therapeutic areas with a particular focus in rare haematologic neoplasms, oncology, and neuroscience. Prior to joining Napo Therapeutics, between 2019 and 2022 Massimiliano served as Franchise Head Multiple Myeloma Europe & Canada at Takeda Pharmaceutical International leading the regional team based in Zurich for the development and commercialization of the multiple myeloma franchise. In his previous role at Takeda, between 2016 and 2019 he successfully led the cross-functional efforts to bring an oral orphan drug for multiple myeloma to the Italian market. Between 2007 and 2016 Massimiliano worked for Eli Lilly where he held roles of increasing responsibility in various functional areas such as financial planning, business development and alliance management, commercial strategy, marketing, and sales. Massimiliano holds a master’s degree in Economics of Institutions and Financial Markets and an Executive MBA with focus on Entrepreneurship from LUISS Business School. Most recently he complemented his executive education completing the Leading Strategic Growth program at Columbia University.

Before joining Napo Therapeutics, Stefano served from 2015 to mid-September 2022 as Chief Financial Officer and M&A Director at Consulcesi Group, a leading international healthcare service group, based in Lugano (Switzerland) and oversighting EU subsidiaries. He started his professional career in 1998 as an auditor for KPMG, based in Milan (Italy) and secondment in Southampton (UK), focusing on assurance, transaction services, process engineering and IFRS conversion projects. In 2006 he spent one year as a Finance Manager for Bioxell SpA, a biotech company listed on the main segment of the Zurich stock exchange, and from 2007 to 2012 served as Director of Finance and Chief Operating Officer for Savills Investment Management, a real estate investment manager headquartered in London (UK) and offices in Luxembourg and Milan (Italy), dealing with investments, finance, operating activities and transactions involving EU regulated entities and cross-border institutional funds. From 2013 to 2014 Stefano also worked as Chief Financial Officer for an Italian pharmaceutical retail company and successfully led the company’s listing process (IPO) on both the Alternative Investment Market of the Milan stock exchange and the Marché Libre (Euronext) segment of the Paris stock exchange. Stefano holds a bachelor’s degree in Business Economics and a master’s degree in Corporate Finance. He also was a member of the Board of Directors of several European companies.

Responsibilities:

• Able to operate independently and responsible for developing initiatives in areas such as Organization Design, Staffing, Recruitment, Comp Ben, Training and Development, Change Management and Employee Engagement
• Act as a business partner and ensure all People processes and systems operate effectively
• Manage the recruitment process in a timely and cost-effective manner (pre-selection, interviewing, reference checks, advising managers) and ensure hiring of high potentials consistent with Napo Way
• Ensure compliance with state and national employment laws and turn them, into consistency with the company culture and objectives, in its policies and procedures
• Ensure payroll and related data accuracy  
• Manage the performance review processes in line with company culture  
• Manage the organization and talent planning process to ensure effective organization design, identify key performers, and build their succession plans
• Identify training and development priorities within the organization, provide appropriate programs and support managers in their efforts to track the initiative’s success
• Participate in business and functional planning meetings and reviews
• Represent the company in front of attorneys, various institutions, tax auditors, labor courts etc.
• Initiate, support and/or drive the implementation of organizational fine tunings that improves Napo’s performance  
• Ensure consistency within policies and procedures for Compensation and Benefits in compliance with local markets and internal equity

Key responsibilities:

• maximize growth and profitability by proposing an adequate promotional approach and strategy, translating the vision into clear strategies and focusing the organization to deliver results
• work closely with the CEO in the development of priorities and strategies for new products launches, promotional plans and budgets
• creation of European marketing plans and monitoring the execution, managing new product launches and registrations, multichannel roll-out campaigns, training and educational activities for the field force, and guaranteeing the delivery of its element
• supervise the portfolio penetration in the key markets conducting analysis of market segments, identifying key drivers for growth, and providing insights and solutions
• development of strong relationships with key customers and opinion leaders, assuring strong partnership programs with Key Scientific Societies
• support the creation of a customer-centric organization through tailored customer programs and KOL interactions
• management and inspiration of direct reports in the strategic development, integration and implementation of the Marketing Plans and development of their professional growth
• establish the budgeting, forecasting and medium-long term planning P&L  
• oversee the marketing spending and allocation of resources driving profitable growth
• coordination of multifunctional local and global teams (production, logistics, R&D, Sales) for the implementation and commercialization of product launches
• organization of training activities, congresses, and workshop
• responsible for two resources at European HQ located in Milan and supervising the Marketing organization across European Affiliates

The company is seeking an experienced Head of Market Access, Pricing and HEOR, owner of pre-market   access strategic plan in key selected markets for Europe, commercial pricing strategy and accountable for international market access policies.  

He/she will assess the markets’ existing health care environment and create stakeholder value propositions.  

Key responsibilities:  

• Understand, describe and prioritize most relevant market access stakeholders (payers, governmental bodies, industry associations, professional associations and other stakeholders at European level)
• Build trusted and strategic relationships with payers and influencing stakeholders to anticipate payers´ agendas, plans and objectives  
• Understand the specific needs of Pricing and reimbursement strategies, Negotiation strategies, commercial launch sequencing across European markets
• Development of the global value dossiers and health economic models  
• Articulation of value messages to payers, creation of objection handlers  
• Responsible for the development of payer communication materials and the generation of health economic evidence
• Supervise the writing, publishing and presentation of the health economic studies sustaining the value of Napo Thera’s products in key international congresses
• Supervise and assist in the risk assessments for European price referencing  
• Assist countries in the adaptation of P&R dossiers and HE models and support them throughout the negotiation process with HTA bodies
• Provide continuous ad hoc market access guide to affiliates  
• Lead cross-functional Market Access Product teams  
• Ensure best practice sharing and cross-fertilization among markets
• Ensure consistency in messaging throughout Europe; verify that the national health economic communications are in line with the European health economic strategy (e.g. abstract reviewing, poster reviews)  
• Develop and implement a market access and health economic training for the Napo EU market access network

The role reports to the Chief Medical Officer and works closely with CRO, clinical development functions and medical affairs. The overall scope of the role is to plan, execute, maintain oversight and report on clinical trials, from planning, vendor selection and site feasibility, through study close out. Ensure all trial outputs from protocol development to final clinical study report (including archiving of the Trial Master File) are delivered on time, within budget, and with high quality, in adherence to internal SOPs, GCP and applicable regulatory guidelines.

The responsibilities for this role include the following:

• Provide clinical operations related input to the Clinical Development Plan
• Ensure that the design of clinical studies under area of responsibility is in line with the objectives defined.
• Develop or coordinate development and approval of study documentation such as the study protocol, Informed Consent Form (ICF), study-specific guidelines, regulatory documents, monitoring, data management and statistical analysis plans and clinical study report, in accordance with internal SOPs and GCP requirements.
• Define and drive study timelines and milestones.
• Define the needs for External Service Providers (ESPs), identify and select ESPs, including negotiation of scope of work and budget and ensure that related contracts comply with internal SOPs and GCP requirements.
• Form and lead a cross functional teams including representatives of appropriate internal or external functions such as Regulatory Affairs, Clinical Science and any expertise required to implement and oversee the study according to GCP, the Protocol and the requirements of the Management Team.
• Coordinate the development of specifications for ESPs and ensure appropriate quality control of deliverables
• Contribute to the development of regulatory documents, responses to Health Authority, Ethic Committees (EC) and Institutional Review Board (RB) and oversee study approval processes for Health Authority, EC/IRB approvals for all study document as required
• Oversee forecasting of Investigational New DrugI (MP) and study supplies
• Review and approve feasibilitity
• Plan, organize and lead Investigator meeting and CRA training & review related material
• Perform ongoing ESP management, performance management and issue resolution
• Oversee monitoring activities and conduct co-monitoring visits to ensure data quality
• Ensure adequate trial resources in personnel and material are available cross-functionally (internally and at ESP) and escalate issues to respective Function Head if needed
• Ensure study team members are timely informed, trained and updated on their role and responsibilities through-out the duration of the study
• Provide study specific direction to study team members and ensure that they are regularly updated on the study progress, challenges and risks through-out the duration of the study
• Address enrolment and retention issues, identify and implement actions to keep study on track
• Ensure proper study documentation is maintained and archived in the TMF
• Chair SMT meetings and ensure timely follow up of agreed upon actions
• Resolve issues in a proactive and timely fashion and escalate unresolved issues and identified risks to the CMO and to the Managing Director
• Create, manage and ensure tracking of study budget including revisions and perform final reconciliation at trial close out
• Check and approve ESP invoices and ensure appropriate tracking and reconciliation
• Implement best practices and lessons learned and share outcome with the teams
• Oversee database lock activities to ensure timely data availability and coordinate study close out with ESPs as needed
• Coordinate pre-audit and CAPA resolution activities ensuring satisfactory outcome
• Adhere to personal development plan and maintain training records to ensure appropriate level of competence in compliance with this job description including GCP etc

A well-recognized expert in global regulatory affairs, Ms. Amatulli previously served as a Global Regulatory Affairs Director at Dompé, an Italian bio-pharmaceutical company that markets 50 million medication packages in roughly 40 countries around the world. Ms. Amatulli also spent more than six years in regulatory affairs with the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson. Her recent track record includes approval of the first biotech drug (eye drops) for the treatment of a rare disease of the eye in the US, China, EU and four other countries; discussion with FDA, EMA and ANVISA about the development plan of 2 investigational products for COVID-19 treatment; the preparation and submission of three Investigational New Drug Applications (INDs) for different therapeutic areas (diabetes, oncology and ophtha); the development of a Global Early Access Program (Managed Access Program and Named-Patient Program); and the set-up of local affiliates in EU-5 countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom), the US, and China from a regulatory standpoint. Ms. Amatulli holds a BS degree in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology from the Università Degli Studi Di Milano, and a master’s degree in Molecular Biology from the Università Degli Studi Milano-Bicocca.

Aphysician with 30+ years of experience in Europe’s pharmaceutical industry and in clinical practice, Dr. Particco possesses in-depth experience in the field of rare diseases, having been involved in the clinical development and launch of Pfizer’s pulmonary hypertension indication for sildenafil and the clinical development of Kedrion Biopharma’s ligneous conjunctivitis indication for plasminogen, with direct experience with patients and experts treating these rare pathologies.

From 2016 to 2021, Dr. Particco served as Vice President, Head of Medical Affairs for Europe for Shionogi Europe, the subsidiary of a leading Japanese pharmaceutical company with global sales of €2.5 billion. Prior to this role, Dr. Particco was Shionogi Europe’s Country Medical Director for Italy, and in 2013 he served as the Country Medical Director for Italy for UCB Italy, a leading European biopharmaceutical company with global sales of €4.6 billion. He also previously served as Director of Global Pharmacovigilance, Medical & Clinical Affairs at Italian firm Kedrion Biopharma, and as the Country Medical Director for Italy for Warner Chilcott, the Italian affiliate of a US pharmaceutical company that is now part of Abbvie. Dr. Particco was with Pfizer/Wyeth from 1999-2010, in the role of Senior Medical Advisor for Biotechnology from 2007-2010, and previously as both a Medical Advisor and a Training Specialist at Pfizer. From 1990-1999, Dr. Particco worked as an obstetrician-gynecologist in Rome, both in private practice and in public health. He received his degree in Medicine and Surgery and his degree in the Specialization in Gynecology and Obstetrics from the Sapienza University of Rome.

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Napo pharmaceuticals: pivot to animal health (b) case study analysis & solution, harvard business case studies solutions - assignment help.

Napo Pharmaceuticals: Pivot to Animal Health (B) is a Harvard Business (HBR) Case Study on Leadership & Managing People , Fern Fort University provides HBR case study assignment help for just $11. Our case solution is based on Case Study Method expertise & our global insights.

Leadership & Managing People Case Study | Authors :: Kristiana Raube

Case study description.

University of California, Berkeley-Haas collectionSupplement for B5784

Joint ventures, Research & development, Social responsibility, Venture capital

Order a Leadership & Managing People case study solution now

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[10 Steps] Case Study Analysis & Solution

Step 1 - reading up harvard business review fundamentals on the leadership & managing people.

Even before you start reading a business case study just make sure that you have brushed up the Harvard Business Review (HBR) fundamentals on the Leadership & Managing People. Brushing up HBR fundamentals will provide a strong base for investigative reading. Often readers scan through the business case study without having a clear map in mind. This leads to unstructured learning process resulting in missed details and at worse wrong conclusions. Reading up the HBR fundamentals helps in sketching out business case study analysis and solution roadmap even before you start reading the case study. It also provides starting ideas as fundamentals often provide insight into some of the aspects that may not be covered in the business case study itself.

Step 2 - Reading the Napo Pharmaceuticals: Pivot to Animal Health (B) HBR Case Study

To write an emphatic case study analysis and provide pragmatic and actionable solutions, you must have a strong grasps of the facts and the central problem of the HBR case study. Begin slowly - underline the details and sketch out the business case study description map. In some cases you will able to find the central problem in the beginning itself while in others it may be in the end in form of questions. Business case study paragraph by paragraph mapping will help you in organizing the information correctly and provide a clear guide to go back to the case study if you need further information. My case study strategy involves -

• Marking out the protagonist and key players in the case study from the very start.
• Drawing a motivation chart of the key players and their priorities from the case study description.
• Refine the central problem the protagonist is facing in the case and how it relates to the HBR fundamentals on the topic.
• Evaluate each detail in the case study in light of the HBR case study analysis core ideas.

Step 3 - Napo Pharmaceuticals: Pivot to Animal Health (B) Case Study Analysis

Once you are comfortable with the details and objective of the business case study proceed forward to put some details into the analysis template. You can do business case study analysis by following Fern Fort University step by step instructions -

• Company history is provided in the first half of the case. You can use this history to draw a growth path and illustrate vision, mission and strategic objectives of the organization. Often history is provided in the case not only to provide a background to the problem but also provide the scope of the solution that you can write for the case study.
• HBR case studies provide anecdotal instances from managers and employees in the organization to give a feel of real situation on the ground. Use these instances and opinions to mark out the organization's culture, its people priorities & inhibitions.
• Make a time line of the events and issues in the case study. Time line can provide the clue for the next step in organization's journey. Time line also provides an insight into the progressive challenges the company is facing in the case study.

Step 4 - SWOT Analysis of Napo Pharmaceuticals: Pivot to Animal Health (B)

Once you finished the case analysis, time line of the events and other critical details. Focus on the following -

• Zero down on the central problem and two to five related problems in the case study.
• Do the SWOT analysis of the Napo Pharmaceuticals: Pivot to Animal Health (B) . SWOT analysis is a strategic tool to map out the strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats that a firm is facing.
• SWOT analysis and SWOT Matrix will help you to clearly mark out - Strengths Weakness Opportunities & Threats that the organization or manager is facing in the Napo Pharmaceuticals: Pivot to Animal Health (B)
• SWOT analysis will also provide a priority list of problem to be solved.
• You can also do a weighted SWOT analysis of Napo Pharmaceuticals: Pivot to Animal Health (B) HBR case study.

Step 5 - Porter 5 Forces / Strategic Analysis of Industry Analysis Napo Pharmaceuticals: Pivot to Animal Health (B)

In our live classes we often come across business managers who pinpoint one problem in the case and build a case study analysis and solution around that singular point. Business environments are often complex and require holistic solutions. You should try to understand not only the organization but also the industry which the business operates in. Porter Five Forces is a strategic analysis tool that will help you in understanding the relative powers of the key players in the business case study and what sort of pragmatic and actionable case study solution is viable in the light of given facts.

Step 6 - PESTEL, PEST / STEP Analysis of Napo Pharmaceuticals: Pivot to Animal Health (B)

Another way of understanding the external environment of the firm in Napo Pharmaceuticals: Pivot to Animal Health (B) is to do a PESTEL - Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental & Legal analysis of the environment the firm operates in. You should make a list of factors that have significant impact on the organization and factors that drive growth in the industry. You can even identify the source of firm's competitive advantage based on PESTEL analysis and Organization's Core Competencies.

Step 7 - Organizing & Prioritizing the Analysis into Napo Pharmaceuticals: Pivot to Animal Health (B) Case Study Solution

Once you have developed multipronged approach and work out various suggestions based on the strategic tools. The next step is organizing the solution based on the requirement of the case. You can use the following strategy to organize the findings and suggestions.

• Build a corporate level strategy - organizing your findings and recommendations in a way to answer the larger strategic objective of the firm. It include using the analysis to answer the company's vision, mission and key objectives , and how your suggestions will take the company to next level in achieving those goals.
• Business Unit Level Solution - The case study may put you in a position of a marketing manager of a small brand. So instead of providing recommendations for overall company you need to specify the marketing objectives of that particular brand. You have to recommend business unit level recommendations. The scope of the recommendations will be limited to the particular unit but you have to take care of the fact that your recommendations are don't directly contradict the company's overall strategy. For example you can recommend a low cost strategy but the company core competency is design differentiation.
• Case study solutions can also provide recommendation for the business manager or leader described in the business case study.

Step 8 -Implementation Framework

The goal of the business case study is not only to identify problems and recommend solutions but also to provide a framework to implement those case study solutions. Implementation framework differentiates good case study solutions from great case study solutions. If you able to provide a detailed implementation framework then you have successfully achieved the following objectives -

• Detailed understanding of the case,
• Clarity of HBR case study fundamentals,
• Analyzed case details based on those fundamentals and
• Developed an ability to prioritize recommendations based on probability of their successful implementation.

Implementation framework helps in weeding out non actionable recommendations, resulting in awesome Napo Pharmaceuticals: Pivot to Animal Health (B) case study solution.

Step 9 - Take a Break

Once you finished the case study implementation framework. Take a small break, grab a cup of coffee or whatever you like, go for a walk or just shoot some hoops.

Step 10 - Critically Examine Napo Pharmaceuticals: Pivot to Animal Health (B) case study solution

After refreshing your mind, read your case study solution critically. When we are writing case study solution we often have details on our screen as well as in our head. This leads to either missing details or poor sentence structures. Once refreshed go through the case solution again - improve sentence structures and grammar, double check the numbers provided in your analysis and question your recommendations. Be very slow with this process as rushing through it leads to missing key details. Once done it is time to hit the attach button.

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