othello setting essay

William Shakespeare

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Othello , written by Shakespeare in 1603, is set in Venice and Cyprus during the Renaissance period in the latter half of the 1500s. The action of the play is set against the backdrop of the Venetian-Ottoman war, a longstanding conflict between the Venetian Christians and the Muslim Ottoman Empire. Cyprus came to play a central part in this conflict, with both sides vying for control. This context of war sets up a background of conflict and violence that will infect the whole mood of the play. 

Setting proves to be an important element in the play due to the belief presented that place can shape people. The play’s initial setting of Venice, for example, is significant for its associations with lasciviousness and prostitution. This aspect is alluded to within the play itself when Iago describes the reputation of Venetian women:

I know our country disposition well. In Venice they do let God see the pranks They dare not show their husbands. Cite this Quote

When Iago invokes Venice’s seedy reputation as evidence for Desdemona’s deceitful nature, it shows the power of the contemporary belief of the importance of place and nationality. Such an idea also proves pivotal to the play’s exploration of race, with the characters constantly alluding to Othello's race as a Moor. The frequent references to Othello’s dark skin—“the old black ram,” “black Othello,” “you the blacker devil”— emphasize Othello’s role as outsider and highlight the racism of contemporary attitudes. The setting of Venice, a contemporary multicultural hub, also makes sense in this context.

Contemporary attitudes towards gender are also prominent in Othello , both through the championing of traditional feminine virtues such as purity as well as through the misogynistic condemnation of female sexuality. Desdemona’s innocence aside, the fact that death is considered an appropriate punishment for adultery in the play by Othello, who is at least initially presented as a reasonable and just man, highlights the extent to which female desire was vilified and condemned.

The move of the action in the play to Cyprus, an island at the center of the war, proves apt for the play’s central themes. Not only is Cyprus a representation of conflict, with it playing a central part in the war action of the play, but it is also a symbol of love. Birthplace of Aphrodite, the goddess of love, Cyprus has ancient associations with romance and passion. The contradictory symbolism of Cyprus sets up the duality of love and violence that dominates the play.

The island setting of Cyprus is also of importance in that it isolates the action of the play and removes all characters from their native land. Away from their home lands, characters may not behave as they normally would, and their actions may be more rash, or perhaps more natural. By moving the action to an island, Shakespeare gives the sense of moving to new, unknown lands, ones where the characters may be more willing to forge their own rules and sense of justice. The sense of lawlessness that this aspect promotes proves apt in the chaos that ensues. 

In a similar vein, the choice of Cyprus and Italy as Shakespeare’s setting for Othello , a play that would be acted to English audiences, may also have been motivated by a desire to create a sense of exoticism. The separation of these places from the everyday lives of his audience allows Shakespeare scope for grander as well as more provocative themes.

Literary Theory and Criticism

Home › Drama Criticism › Analysis of William Shakespeare’s Othello

Analysis of William Shakespeare’s Othello

By NASRULLAH MAMBROL on July 25, 2020 • ( 0 )

Of all Shakespeare’s tragedies . . . Othello is the most painfully exciting and the most terrible. From the moment when the temptation of the hero begins, the reader’s heart and mind are held in a vice, experiencing the extremes of pity and fear, sympathy and repulsion, sickening hope and dreadful expectation. Evil is displayed before him, not indeed with the profusion found in King Lear, but forming, as it were, the soul of a single character, and united with an intellectual superiority so great that he watches its advance fascinated and appalled. He sees it, in itself almost irresistible, aided at every step by fortunate accidents and the innocent mistakes of its victims. He seems to breathe an atmosphere as fateful as that of King Lear , but more confined and oppressive, the darkness not of night but of a close-shut murderous room. His imagination is excited to intense activity, but it is the activity of concentration rather than dilation.

—A. C. Bradley, Shakespearean Tragedy

Between William Shakespeare’s most expansive and philosophical tragedies— Hamlet and King Lear —is Othello, his most constricted and heart-breaking play. Othello is a train wreck that the audience horrifyingly witnesses, helpless to prevent or look away. If Hamlet is a tragedy about youth, and Lear concerns old age, Othello is a family or domestic tragedy of a middle-aged man in which the fate of kingdoms and the cosmos that hangs in the balance in Hamlet and Lear contracts to the private world of a marriage’s destruction. Following his anatomizing of the painfully introspective intellectual Hamlet, Shakespeare, at the height of his ability to probe human nature and to dramatize it in action and language, treats Hamlet’s temperamental opposite—the man of action. Othello is decisive, confident, and secure in his identity, duty, and place in the world. By the end of the play, he has brought down his world around him with the relentless force that made him a great general turned inward, destroying both what he loved best in another and in himself. That such a man should fall so far and so fast gives the play an almost unbearable momentum. That such a man should unravel so completely, ushered by jealousy and hatred into a bestial worldview that cancels any claims of human virtue and self-less devotion, shocks and horrifies. Othello is generally regarded as Shakespeare’s greatest stage play, the closest he would ever come to conforming to the constrained rules of Aristotelian tragedy. The intensity  and  focus  of  Othello   is  unalleviated  by  subplots,  comic  relief,  or  any  mitigation  or  consolation  for  the  deterioration  of  the  “noble  Moor”  and  his  collapse into murder and suicide. At the center of the play’s intrigue is Shakespeare’s most sinister and formidable conceptions of evil in Iago, whose motives and the wellspring of his villainy continue to haunt audiences and critics alike. Indeed, the psychological resonances of the drama, along with its provocative racial and gender themes, have caused Othello, perhaps more than any other of Shakespeare’s plays, to reverberate the loudest with current audiences and commentators. As scholar Edward Pechter has argued, “During the past twenty-five years or so, Othello has become the Shakespearean tragedy of choice, replacing King Lear in the way Lear had earlier replaced Hamlet as the play that speaks most directly and powerfully to current interests.”

Shakespeare derived his plot from Giraldi Cinthio’s “Tale of the Moor,” in the story collection Hecatommithi (1565), reshaping Cinthio’s sensational tale of jealousy, intrigue, and murder in several key ways. In Cinthio’s story, Alfiero, the scheming ensign, lusts after the Moor’s wife, named Disdemona, and after she spurns his advances, Alfiero seeks vengeance by accusing her of adultery with Cassio,  the  Moor’s  lieutenant.  Alfiero,  like  Iago,  similarly  arouses  the  Moor’s  suspicions by stealing Disdemona’s handkerchief and planting it in Cassio’s bed-room. However, the Moor and Alfiero join forces to kill Disdemona, beating her  to  death  with  a  stocking  filled  with  sand  before  pulling  down  the  ceiling  on her dead body to conceal the crime as an accident. The Moor is eventually captured,  tortured,  and  slain  by  Disdemona’s  relatives,  while  the  ensign  dies  during torture for another crime. What is striking about Shakespeare’s alteration of Cinthio’s grisly tale of murder and villainy is the shift of emphasis to the provocation for the murder, the ennobling of Othello as a figure of great stature and dignity to underscore his self-destruction, and the complication of motive for  the  ensign’s  actions.  Cinthio’s  version  of  Iago  is  conventionally  driven  by  jealousy  of  a  superior  and  lust  for  his  wife.  Iago’s  motivation  is  anything  but  explainable in conventional terms. Dramatically, Shakespeare turns the focus of the play from the shocking crime to its causes and psychic significance, trans-forming Cinthio’s intrigue story of vile murder into one of the greatest dramatic meditations on the nature of love and its destruction.

What  makes  Othello  so  unique  structurally  (and  painful  to  witness)  is  that  it  is  a  tragedy  built  on  a  comic  foundation.  The  first  two  acts  of  the  play  enact  the  standard  pattern  of  Shakespeare’s  romantic  comedies.  The  young Venetian noblewoman, Desdemona, has eloped with the middle-aged Othello, the military commander of the armed forces of Venice. Their union is opposed by Desdemona’s father, Brabantio, and by a rival for Desdemona, Roderigo,  who  in  the  play’s  opening  scenes  are  both  provoked  against Othello  by  Iago.  Desdemona  and  Othello,  therefore,  face  the  usual  challenges of the lovers in a Shakespearean comedy who must contend with the forces of authority, custom, and circumstances allied against their union. The romantic climax comes in the trial scene of act 1, in which Othello success-fully defends himself before the Venetian senate against Brabantio’s charge that  Othello  has  beguiled  his  daughter,  “stol’n  from  me,  and  corrupted  /  By spells and medicines bought of mountebanks.” Calmly and courteously Othello recounts how, despite the differences of age, race, and background, he won Desdemona’s heart by recounting the stories of his exotic life and adventures: “She loved me for the dangers I had passed, / And I loved her that she did pity them.” Wonder at Othello’s heroic adventures and compassion for her sympathy have brought the two opposites together—the young, inexperienced  Venetian  woman  and  the  brave,  experienced  outsider.  Desdemona finally, dramatically appears before the senate to support Othello’s account of their courtship and to balance her obligation to her father and now to her husband based on the claims of love:

My noble father, I do perceive here a divided duty: To you I am bound for life and education; My life and education both do learn me How to respect you; you are the lord of duty; I am hitherto your daughter. But here’s my husband; And so much duty as my mother show’d To you, preferring you before her father, So much I challenge that I may profess Due to the Moor, my lord.

Both Desdemona and Othello defy by their words and gestures the calumnies heaped upon them by Roderigo and Brabantio and vindicate the imperatives of the heart over parental authority and custom. As in a typical Shakespearean comedy, love, tested, triumphs over all opposition.

Vindicated by the duke of Venice and the senate, Othello, accompanied by Desdemona, takes up his military duties in the face of a threatened Turkish invasion, and the lovers are given a triumphal wedding-like procession and marriage ceremony when they disembark on Cyprus. The storm that divides the Venetian fleet also disperses the Turkish threat and clears the way for the lovers’ happy  reunion  and  peaceful  enjoyment  of  their  married  state.  First  Cassio lands to deliver the news of Othello’s marriage and, like the best man, supplies glowing praise for the groom and his bride; next Desdemona, accompanied by Iago and his wife, Emilia, enters but must await news of the fate of Othello’s ship. Finally, Othello arrives giving him the opportunity to renew his marriage vows to Desdemona:

It gives me wonder great as my content To see you here before me. O my soul’s joy, If after every tempest come such calms, May the wind blow till they have wakened death, And let the labouring barque climb hills of seas Olympus-high, and duck again as low As hell’s from heaven. If it were now to die ’Twere now to be most happy, for I fear My soul hath content so absolute That not another comfort like to this Succeeds in unknown fate.

The scene crowns love triumphant. The formerly self-sufficient Othello has now  staked  his  life  to  his  faith  in  Desdemona  and  their  union,  and  she  has  done the same. The fulfillment of the wedding night that should come at the climax of the comedy is relocated to act 2, with the aftermath of the courtship and the wedding now taking  center  stage.  Having triumphantly bested  the  social and natural forces aligned against them, having staked all to the devotion of the other, Desdemona and Othello will not be left to live happily ever after, and the tragedy will grow out of the conditions that made the comedy. Othello, unlike the other Shakespearean comedies, adds three more acts to the romantic drama, shifting from comic affirmation to tragic negation.

Iago  reviews  Othello’s  performance  as  a  lover  by  stating,  “O,  you  are  well tuned now, / But I’ll set down the pegs that make this music.” Iago will now orchestrate discord and disharmony based on a life philosophy totally opposed to the ennobling and selfless concept of love demonstrated by the newlyweds. As Iago asserts to Roderigo, “Virtue? A fig!” Self-interest is all that  matters,  and  love  is  “merely  a lust  of  the  blood  and  a  permission  of  the will.” Othello and Desdemona cannot possibly remain devoted to each other, and, as Iago concludes, “If sanctimony and a frail vow betwixt an err-ing barbarian and a super-subtle Venetian be not too hard for my wits, and all the tribe of hell, thou shalt enjoy her.” The problem of Iago’s motivation to destroy Othello and Desdemona is not that he has too few motives but too many. He offers throughout the play multiple justifi cations for his intrigue: He has been passed over in favor of Cassio; he suspects the Moor and Cassio with his wife, Emilia; he is envious of Cassio’s open nature; and he is desirous of Desdemona himself. No single motive is relied on for long, and the gap  between  cause  and  effect,  between  the  pettiness  of  Iago’s  grudges  and  the monstrousness of his behavior, prompted Samuel Taylor Coleridge in a memorable phrase to characterize Iago’s “motiveless malignity.” There is in Iago a zest for villainy and a delight in destruction, driven more by his hatred and  contempt  for  any  who  oppose  his  conception  of  jungle  law  than  by  a  conventional  naturalistic  explanation  based  on  jealousy  or  envy.  Moreover, Shakespeare, by deliberately clouding the issue of Iago’s motive, finds ever more sinister threats in such a character’s apparently bottomless and unmerited hatred and capacity for evil.

Iago will direct the remainder of the play, constructing Othello’s down-fall out of the flimsiest evidence and playing on the strengths and weaknesses of Othello’s nature and the doubts that erode Othello’s faith in Desdemona. Act 3, one of the wonders of the stage, anatomizes Othello’s psychic descent from  perfect  contentment  in  his  new  wife  to  complete  loathing,  from  a  worldview  in  which  everything  is  as  it  appears  to  one  in  which  nothing  is  as it seems. Iago leads Othello to suspect that love and devotion are shams disguising the basest of animalistic  instincts.  Misled  by  the  handkerchief,  his  love  token  to  Desdemona,  that  Iago  has  planted  in  Cassio’s  room  and  by a partially overheard conversation between Iago and Cassio, Othello, by the end of act 3, forsakes his wife and engages himself in a perverse version of the marriage ceremony of act 2 to Iago. As the pair kneels together, they exchange vows:

Iago: Witness you ever-burning lights above, You elements that clip us round about, Witness that here Iago doth give up The execution of his wit, hands, heart To wronged Othello’s service. Let him command, And to obey shall be in me remorse, What bloody business ever.

Othello: I greet thy love, Not with vain thanks, but with acceptance bounteous, And will upon the instant put thee to’t. Within these three days let me hear thee say That Cassio’s not alive.

Iago: My friend is dead. ’Tis done at your request; but let her live.

Othello: Damn her, lewd minx! O, damn her, damn her! Come, go with me apart. I will withdraw To furnish me with some swift means of death For the fair devil. Now art thou my lieutenant.

Iago: I am your own for ever.

This scene has suggested to some critics that Iago’s true motivation for destroying the marriage of Desdemona and Othello is a repressed homosexual love for Othello. An equal case can be made that Iago here completes his role as Vice, borrowed from the medieval morality plays, sealing the Faustian bargain for Othello’s soul in this mock or black marriage scene.

The play moves relentlessly from here to catastrophe as Othello delivers justice to those he is convinced have wronged him. As he attempts to carry out  his  execution  of  Desdemona,  she  for  the  first  time  realizes  his  charges  against her and his utter delusion. Ignoring her appeals for mercy and avowals of innocence, Othello smothers her moments before Emilia arrives with the proof of  Desdemona’s  innocence  and  Iago’s  villainy.  Othello  must  now  face  the  realization  of  what  he  has  done.  He turns  to  Iago,  who  has  been  brought before him to know the reason for his actions. Iago replies: “Demand me  nothing;  what  you  know,  you  know:  /  From  this  time  forth  I  never  will  speak  word.”  By  Iago’s  exiting  the  stage,  closing  access  to  his  motives,  the  focus remains firmly on Othello, not as Iago’s victim, but as his own. His final speech mixes together the acknowledgment of what he was and what he has become, who he is and how he would like to be remembered:

I have done the state some service, and they know’t. No more of that. I pray you, in your letters, When you shall these unlucky deeds relate, Speak of me as I am. Nothing extenuate, Nor set down aught in malice. Then must you speak Of one that loved not wisely but too well, Of one not easily jealous but, being wrought, Perplexed in the extreme; of one whose hand, Like the base Indian, threw a pearl away Richer than all his tribe.

Consistent with his role as guardian of order in the state, Othello carries out his own execution, by analogy judging his act as a violation reflected by Venice’s savage enemy:

And say besides, that in Aleppo once, Where a malignant and a turban’d Turk Beat a Venetian and tradu’d the state, I took by th’ throat the circumcisèd dog, And smote him—thus.

Othello, likewise, has “tradu’d the state” and has changed from noble and valiant Othello to a beast, with the passion that ennobled him shown as corrosive and demeaning. He carries out his own execution for a violation that threatens social and psychic order. For the onlookers on stage, the final tableau of the dead Desdemona and Othello “poisons sight” and provokes the command to “Let it be hid.” The witnesses on stage cannot compute rationally what has occurred nor why, but the audience has been given a privileged view of the battle between good and evil worked out in the private recesses of a bedroom and a human soul.

Analysis of William Shakespeare’s Plays

Othello Oxford Lecture by Emma Smith

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[Shakespeare] Othello: Characters, Plot, Setting, Literary Devices, Language & Vocabulary

• Characters, Plot, Setting, Literary Devices, Language & Vocabulary
• Historical Context, Cultural Themes & Further Reading
• Quizzes, Games and Quotes
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Study Resources

• Characters (Videos)
• Characters (Links & Infographics)
• Plot, Summaries & Literary Analysis (Videos)
• Plot, Summaries & Literary Analysis (Links)
• Literary Devices, Themes, & Symbols (Videos)
• Literary Devices, Themes, & Symbols (Links & Infographics)
• Language, Translations & Vocabulary
• More Videos (Themes & Analysis)

In this video, Jen Chan gives a quick summary of Othello the play, followed by a discussion on whether Othello the Moor deserves our sympathy.

In this video, Jen Chan provides a character analysis of Desdemona from the play 'Othello', and argues that she's much more than just a 'victim'.

Iago is the notorious villain 'Othello', and most analysis will pin him down as either the devil reincarnate, or a consummate Machiavellian. But is there really all there is to Iago's characterisation? In this video, Jen Chan offers an alternative perspective on how we can rethink this Shakespearean antagonist. It may seem surprising at first, but hopefully it'll also be thought-provoking enough to inspire you to think deeper about the character!

In this video, Jen Chan provides a deep dive analysis on Iago's character, and shares 3 pieces of 'life wisdom' we can glean from this notorious Shakespearean villain. With lots of quotations and literary devices in 'Othello' analysed, so make sure you watch till the end for all the top grade analysis you can use in your next essay or exam!

We know Roderigo to be the "sick fool" and dupe whom Iago bosses around, so most of us probably won't consider him to be worthy of much attention. But given that there's no equivalent character for Roderigo in the play's source text, Shakespeare must have created him for a reason - and an important one at that. In this video, Jen Chan analyses just what makes Roderigo an insightful point of reference for us to understand both his relationship with Iago, but also his function as a conduit for us to deepen our understanding of Othello.

Michael Cassio is the suave, handsome lieutenant who gets framed by Iago for being Desdemona's lover in the play 'Othello', and is the only main character who survives at the end. He seems like a genuinely decent man who's both loyal and devoted, if not a tad bit naive. But is there more to Cassio than meets the eye? In this video, Jen Chan offers a deep dive into his characterisation, and look at how Cassio's relationships with Othello, Iago and Bianca shed light on his role in the play.

Emilia is the pragmatic lady-in-waiting to Desdemona, and is a character often thought of as being 'feministic' for her shrewd views on marriage and fidelity in Act 4 of the play. But is she really such a strong, hard-headed character, or does she show vulnerabilities which give us deeper insights into her true self - and how Shakespeare wants us to see the challenges faced by women and wives back in his time? In this video, Jen Chan analyses Emilia in depth with all these questions in mind. Make sure you watch it all for top grade knowledge to ace your next Othello paper!

In this video, Jen Chan gives a detailed analysis of all the female characters in Othello - Desdemona, Emilia and Bianca, and discusses whether or not they are victims of misogyny. Lots of quotations explained and analysed - jam packed with top grade ideas as usual!

Character List (Course Hero)

Character List (Sparknotes)

Character List & Analysis (Shmoop)

Character Analysis (Course Hero) 

Othello: Who's Who (Royal Shakespeare Company)

Othello: Relationships (Royal Shakespeare Company)

Othello: Analysis (Royal Shakespeare Company)

Othello: Character List (Bloom's Literature - Shakespeare Center)

Studying Shakespeare's 'Othello'? Dr Aidan, PhD, provides you with a 10-minute summary and analysis of the play, with the aim of deepening your understanding of 'Othello' in a matter of minutes.

This Othello full play summary goes through all of the main events of Shakespeare's famous tragedy.

One of the most important speeches in Othello is the tragic hero's "It is the cause, it is the cause" soliloquy at the start of Act 5 Scene 2, when he prepares to murder Desdemona, his innocent but misunderstood wife. This is an incredibly complex moment with layers of emotional nuance to peel through, so in this video,  Jen Chan gives her unique interpretation on what she thinks the speech signifies and how it sheds light on the play's key themes. She's had quite a few viewers reach out to say they'd like to see more explanation on how to discuss the effects of literary techniques, which is why she's breaking this analysis down according to some of the key devices in this speech.

Race is a key theme in 'Othello', but is the tragedy of Othello caused by racism as we understand today? In this video, Jen Chan offers a top grade character analysis on Othello by focusing on 3 key ideas about his outsider identity. Her argument may be a bit surprising and unconventional, so make sure you watch till the end for a complete understanding. This video covers context, argument, language and structural analysis - so, pretty much as good as it gets in terms of revision-friendly Othello analysis you can find on the web!

Plot Summary (Course Hero)

Act by Act Summaries (Course Hero)

Act by Act Summaries (Sparknotes)

Act by Act Summaries (Shmoop)

Othello: Plot (Royal Shakespeare Company)

Othello: Timeline (Royal Shakespeare Company)

Othello: Scene-by-Scene (Royal Shakespeare Company)

Othello, Racial Themes and Public Reception: Analysis of literary criticisms since its release (Safer, 2022) - BA Thesis - available via the State Library of Queensland - Download PDF Document here (open access). 

Strangers in the city: the cosmopolitan nature of 16th century Venice (Karim-Cooper, 2016).  Check this link also for a brief Setting analysis.

Othello Setting (Shmoop)

Othello: Staging - Setting (Royal Shakespeare Company)

In this video, you'll find my quick, top grade analysis on 5 of the most important quotations in Othello. There's one quotation for each main character, with lots of advanced literary devices explained:

Othello - "She loved me for the dangers I had passed" (Act 1 Scene 3) Iago - "Virtue! A fig! Tis in ourselves that we are thus or thus" (Act 1 Scene 3) Cassio - "Reputation, reputation, reputation!" (Act 2 Scene 3) Emilia - "Be jealous souls will not be answered so" (Act 3 Scene 4) Desdemona - "Good night, good night" (Act 4 Scene 3)

Literary devices covered: Parallelism Chiasmus Analogy Polyptoton Tricolon Metaphor Epistrophe Antanaclasis

Symbols (Course Hero)

Motifs (Course Hero)

Themes (Course Hero)

Literary Devices (Sparknotes)

Literary Themes (Shmoop)

Literary Analysis (Shmoop)

Othello: Critical Essays (Bloom's Literature - Shakespeare Center)

How to Write about Othello (Gleed, 2017). 

The Establishment of the Theme of Evil Through Imagery in  Othello  (Huang, 2022) - available via the State Library of Queensland - Download PDF Document by clicking on 'Get PDF' link. 

Othello, Racial Themes and Public Reception: Analysis of literary criticisms since its release (Safer, 2022)  - BA Thesis - available via the State Library of Queensland -  Download PDF Document here (open access). 

Othello, Racism, and Despair (Hogan, 1998) - article available in JSTOR via the State Library of Queensland. 

Jealousy in Othello (Merzic, 2011) - article available via the State Library of Queensland - Download PDF Document by click on 'Get PDF' link. 

"Too Gentle": Jealousy and Class in Othello (Olson, 2015) - article available in JSTOR database via the State Library of Queensland. 

Shame in "Othello" (Fernie, 1999) - article available in JSTOR via the State Library of Queensland. 

The Theme of Personal Integrity in Othello  (Rappoport, 1960) - article available in JSTOR database via the State Library of Queensland. 

Common Words & Phrases in Shakespeare's World. 

English to Shakespearean (Instant Translate) .

Othello Translation - Side-by-Side translation from the original Shakespeare into Modern English (Shmoop).

Othello: Language - Key Terms (Royal Shakespeare Company). 

Othello: Language - Key Scenes (Royal Shakespeare Company).

Othello: Language - Analysis (Royal Shakespeare Company). 

The Phrase Finder (Phrases from Shakespeare). 

Reading Shakespeare's Language: Othello (Mowat and Werstine, n.d.). 

Shakespearean Translator (Shmoop).

Shakespeare's Words: Othello - Vocabulary (Utah Shakespeare Festival) .

Words Shakespeare Invented (Shakespeare Online). 

Ever wondered why Shakespeare uses Thee, Thou AND You in his plays instead of just YOU? This video explains the distinction between these three words and what it tells you about the characters who use them.

Watch Full Audio Version of the Debate here. 

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The Setting of Othello

Setting and place take a central and symbolic role in Othello like in many of Shakespeare’s other plays.

Setting in Othello

• Shakespeare’s plays often took place in foreign countries such as France and Italy, inspired by Britain’s naval expansion and exploration at the time.
• Venice in Italy.
• Both represent hugely different ‘worlds’ and the shift in the setting in the play is reflected in shifts in plot, action and characterisation.

• Venice was a hugely influential commercial seaport in Italy in the sixteenth century.
• It took an active role in much of the Italian Renaissance literature, music, and architecture of the time.

Venice cont.

• Venice was also symbolic of political factionalism, intrigue and moral corruption, even though Venetian society was generally orderly, civilised and formal as suggested in the first Act of Othello .
• Often, playwrights used Venice as a setting to represent cultural sophistication.

• In contrast, Cyprus represents a much more unstable, violent setting.
• It was controlled by Venice but had been invaded by Turkey in 1570.
• King James I was very interested in Turkish history.

Cyprus cont.

• Shakespeare uses this Turkish threat as a pretext to change the play’s setting to be much more isolated, unordered and claustrophobic, which then serves to intensify the ominous, foreboding atmosphere as tragedy unfolds and order is destroyed.

Prosecution

• Some critics believe that Shakespeare set many of his plays in exotic or invented locations so as not to be prosecuted for, in fact, writing about controversial issues in Britain.
• Certainly, many of the plays contain ideas that are distinctly British and these values are just transferred to other locations (real or imagined).

1.1 Introduction

1.1.1 Specifications

1.2 Background

1.2.1 Shakespeare

1.2.3 Tragedy

1.2.4 Historical Context

1.3 Othello

1.3.1 Setting

1.3.2 Social Issues

2 Act One: Summaries & Themes

2.1 Act and Scene Summaries

2.1.1 Structure

2.1.2 The Exam

2.2 Scene One

2.2.1 Key Events

2.2.2 Key Themes

2.2.3 Key Ideas

2.3 Scene Two

2.3.1 Key Events

2.3.2 Key Themes

2.3.3 Key Ideas

2.4 Scene Three

2.4.1 Key Events

2.4.2 Key Events 2

2.4.3 Key Themes

2.4.4 Key Ideas

3 Act Two: Summaries & Themes

3.1 Scene One & Two

3.1.1 Scene One: Events

3.1.2 Key Events 2

3.1.3 Key Ideas: Love & Tragedy

3.1.4 Scene Two: Events

3.2 Scene Three

3.2.1 Key Events

3.2.2 Key Ideas

4 Act Three: Summaries & Themes

4.1 Key Events

4.1.1 Scene One & Two

4.1.2 Scene Three

4.1.3 Scene Three: Key Ideas

4.1.4 Scene Four

5.1 Scene One

5.1.1 Key Events

5.1.2 Key Ideas

5.2 Scene Two

5.2.1 Key Events

5.2.2 Key Ideas

5.3 Scene Three

5.3.1 Key Events

5.3.2 Key Ideas

6.1 Scene One

6.1.1 Key Events

6.1.2 Key Ideas

6.2 Scene Two

6.2.1 Key Events

6.2.2 Key Ideas

7 Character Profiles

7.1 Major Characters

7.1.1 Othello

7.1.3 Desdemona

7.1.4 Emilia

7.1.5 Cassio

7.2 Minor Characters

7.2.1 Roderigo & Brabantio

7.2.2 Other Characters

8 Key Themes

8.1 Love & Tragedy

8.1.2 Love 2

8.1.3 Tragedy

8.1.4 Tragedy 2

8.2 Other Key Themes

8.2.1 Public versus Private

8.2.2 Appearance & Reality

9 Writing Techniques

9.1 Writing Techniques

9.1.1 Structure

9.1.2 Genre

9.1.3 Form & Language

9.1.4 Language & Imagery

10 Critical Debates

10.1 Criticism & Performance

10.1.1 Shakespeare's Legacy

10.1.2 Traditional

10.1.3 Modern & Contemporary

10.2 Approaches

10.2.1 Feminist Approach

10.2.2 Psychoanalytic Approach

10.2.3 Marxist Approach

11 Approaching AQA English Literature

11.1 Specification A

11.1.1 Specification A

11.1.2 Love Through the Ages

11.2 Specification B

11.2.1 Specification B

11.2.2 Aspects of Tragedy

12 Issues of Assessment

12.1 The Exams

12.1.2 Mark Scheme

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115 Othello Essay Topics & Examples

Most Othello essay samples analyze the plot, thesis, and characters of William Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice. The tragedy is based on n Cinthio’s story ‘Un Capitano Moro.’

Before you start writing your Othello essay, you must have a clear understanding of who The Moor is. We hope that you already have read the plot or watched the play.

However, some students lack an idea of the object because they have not come across Shakespeare’s masterpiece or any information concerning Othello. This post will help you to ask Othello essay questions and successfully write your paper.

✨ How to Write an Othello Essay?

• 🏆 Best Othello Essay Topics & Essay Examples

👍 Good Ideas for an Essay on Othello

💡 most interesting othello topics to write about, ❓ othello essay questions.

Before you start outlining, you should ask yourself: what or who is Othello? Your answer is significant as it expresses your interest in the subject and, therefore, motivates you to research the chosen topic.

When working on your Othello essay introduction, you should get a clear understanding of The Moor character and its origin.

Your intro should thoroughly explain the subject to your audience. Don’t forget to include a thesis which discloses the central message of your paper. Put it at the end of your intro.

The next step is planning the essay body. Here are some questions you may answer in your Othello character analysis:

• Describe Othello: Who is he? When he lives, his life, occupation, etc.
• Is Othello a good character or bad? Do you identify with Othello?
• Why is Othello famous to date? What makes him popular?
• What is his role in the play? Why is Othello character crucial to the tragedy? Would the story so attractive without Othello?
• Does the play reflect contemporary issues?
• What did you learn from Othello?

Explain the pointers above and provide a better understanding of the Othello character to your readers.

If you need more sample ideas for your Othello essay outline, check them below:

• The role of race in Shakespeare’s tragedy. At the beginning of the plot, Othello’s name is not mentioned, although everyone knows he is dark-skinned and different. Discuss in your essay, how it would impact the play if Othello were white. Argue if the character’s race is matter in the story.
• The role of loyalty. Shakespeare showed how loyalty could have both positive and negative attributes. Othello’s belief in Desdemona’s lack of allegiance caused their destiny. Use it as an example of how devotion can be dangerous if it is used for bad reasons.
• The role of Desdemona. Is she is a passive victim of Othello? Analyze how her character changes when she is not with him. Think of how victim behavior can cause even more violence.
• Relationships between characters in the play. In your essay, you can examine relationships and emotions between Othello and Desdemona, the villainy of Iago’s character, Emilia’s emotions for Iago and Othello, and love of Roderigo for Desdemona.

In your Othello essay conclusion, sum up all the issues you disclosed in the body. Avoid introducing new points. Instead, highlight the thesis statement to show your readers that your essay supports it.

After you’ve finished your essay, don’t forget to proofread it and wipe out grammar, punctuation, and spelling mistakes.

We hope that the tips above will ease your writing an outstanding paper. Make sure to check our website for more Othello essay topics!

🏆 Best Othello Topic Ideas & Essay Examples

• Theme of Jealousy in Othello by Shakespeare The jealousy displayed by Othello and the villainous nature of Lago are some of the qualities that impress the readers of the play.
• The Tragedy of Othello: Critical Analysis — Othello Critical Essay The imagination of the audience is captured by the fact that the drama involves interracial marriage that was unfathomable in those days.
• The Downfall of Othello The properties of Othello are given to Cassio who also assumes position that had been held by Othello The downfall of Othello is evidenced by death of his wife, loss of property and his own […]
• The Relevance of “Othello” by William Shakespeare in the Current Society The paper demonstrates the relevance of Othello to the contemporary audience by highlighting the existence of the major issues Shakespeare addresses in this play.
• Othello as the Outsider In the play, Othello strives to emphasize that his blackness is insignificant impediment and highlight the advantages of his origin revealing the positive features of his character and behavior.
• Iago the Gardener`s Behavior in “Othello” by Shakespeare In the lead-up to the passage to be analyzed, Iago has tried to turn Brabantio, Desdemona’s father, against Othello by letting him know his daughter is “making the beast with two backs” with the Moor.
• Female Characters in Shakespeare’s “Othello”: A Feminist Critique This shows that Desdemona has completely accepted and respected her role as a woman in the society; she is an obedient wife to Othello.
• Character of Iago in “Othello” by Shakespeare Analysis It is worth mentioning here that it is this attributes that he possessed that made him successful in manipulating other characters painting him to be a strong and compelling character.
• Othello: A Tragic Hero Through the Prism of Aristotle’s Definition According to him, the prerequisite of a tragedy revolves around the plot of the play. Othello, who is the main character, is a perfect example of a tragic hero.
• Story, Plot, and Symbolism of “Othello” Film The movie’s point of attack is Othello’s decision to overlook Iago for a promotion to the position of Lieutenant in favor of Cassio.
• Othello’s Tragedy Othello is one of the characters who have features in William Shakespeare’s tragedy titled The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice. It is clear to note that the tragedy that befell Othello was because […]
• Shakespeare’s ‘Othello’ Act 1 Scene 2, Lines 60-82 This passage is in the form of a dialogue between the two characters in the play. The above lines portray Othello as a victim of prejudice.
• Comparison of “Hamlet”, “King Lear” and “Othello” by Shakespeare Iago’s reports and the loss of the handkerchief appear to Othello reliable proofs of Desdemona’s unfaithfulness, and under the effect of anger the protagonist is both unable and unwilling to do further investigation.
• Othello and Desdemona in “Othello” by Shakespeare This essay will discuss why the relationship between Othello and Desdemona was doomed from the start and how their tragic fate relates to the topic of jealousy.
• Why “Othello” by William Shakespeare Is a Tragedy To be classified as an Aristotelian tragedy, a film or story must be complex and include a situation in which a respectable person suffers a complete reversal of fortunes due to a fatal mistake and […]
• The Heroism of Othello He is a tragic hero because of how he fits the mold, with the single difference that instead of pride, Othello is unwise in his placement of loyalties.
• The Tragedy of Othello They include Othello, who is the lead actor; Desdemona, Othello’s wife; Cassio, Othello’s lieutenant; and Iago a junior officer in the army.
• Salih’s “Season of Migration to the North” and “Othello” by Shakespeare In his journey through those worst performances on English women leading a few to suicide, he did not consider the situation and emotions of women he met.
• Social Issues in Shakespeare’s “The Tragedy of Othello” The social environment of England at the end of the sixteenth and the beginning of the seventeenth century was characterized by great attention to social class, citizens’ jobs, and their reputation.
• Shakespeare’s Othello as a Subaltern Play Othello is considered a subaltern play that illustrates the conflict between the moral voice and silence of female characters and the treacherous voices of male figures.
• Cultural Diversity in the Play “Othello” It is the role of men to support women in this society, and that is why Desdemona’s father goes to court immediately, he is convinced that his daughter was bewitched by Othello.
• The Ultimate Irony: “Othello” by Shakespeare Iago, a jealous man from the beginning of the play, pretends to befriend Othello and speaks to him about the danger of jealousy.
• Othello’s Fall From Grace and Redemption at the End of the Play At the end of the play, Othello’s realizes that his naivety and lack of confidences in his wife’ innocence and fidelity.
• “Othello” by William Shakespeare: Summary and Analysis He in this way believes that Iago is an honest man and trusts him to an extent that, he leaves him with his wife and entrusts him to take care of his wife through the […]
• Dramatic Irony in the “Othello” by William Shakespeare Othello, an eloquent and physically fit person is considered as the protagonist and hero of the play; however, in spite of his elevated status, he is nonetheless an easy prey to insecurities due to his […]
• The Theme of the Tragic Hero “Othello” For Othello, the doubt and suspicion growing in his mind regarding a possible relationship between Cassio and Desdemona were started with Desdemona’s father at the beginning of the play. For Othello, his greatest weakness is […]
• Jealousy in “Othello” by W.Shakespear Othello is not perfect either and the reason he acts the way he acts is that he is jealous; not that Desdemona cannot match his ‘principles’.
• Critical Analysis of Shakespeare’s, “Othello”, Act V, Scene II Othello, a husband to Desdemona realizes later that Desdemona was a faithful and loving woman. Othello is determined to kill her however her beauty and innocent appearance restrict Othello.
• Main Themes in “Othello” and “Chronicle of a Death Foretold” In fact, it appears that this passion is encouraged by the feelings of regret and shame more than by affection to Bayardo.
• Female Character in the Shakespeare’s Othello It appears that the primary role of women in the play is for them to act as a basis on which men are evaluated.
• Minor Characters’ Role in the “Othello” by William Shakespeare In his play Othello, William Shakespeare also accentuates the meaning of minor characters and their actions for the development of the tragedy in Othello’s life.
• Othello and Oedipus Rex Characters’ Traits The two characters had to overcome several obstacles in a manner that led many of their followers to respect and honor them, and their royal positions Othello can be considered to be a black member […]
• The Issue of Racial Prejudice The significance of Othello’s race and pigmentation work hard to expose racial prejudice in the Elizabethan era. Shakespeare is using the Moor to challenge the ideologies of race, sex and miscegenation in the Elizabethan period.
• The Tragedy of Othello by William Shakespeare: Bianca’s Innocence The Tragedy of Othello the Moor of Venice is considered one of the most popular works of William Shakespeare. The young courtesan, Bianca, is presented in the play as the mistress of one of the […]
• Background of Shakespeare’s “Othello” and Sophocles’s “Antigone” Even though Othello is a Moor, he fights for Venice in this war and wins, thus proving his loyalty to the Christian Venice.
• Comparison of Oedipus and Othello Cases The essay intends to look at the life of Oedipus who is the main character of the book and how the gods were responsible for his downfall after the struggle he had gone through to […]
• Racism in Shakespeare’s “Othello” The purpose of this essay is to detect and analyze various traits of racism in Shakespeare’s famous piece Othello and how it relates to the character of Othello.
• Racism in Play “Othello” by William Shakespeare Since Othello is dark-skinned, the society is against his marriage to the daughter of the senator of Venice. In summary, the play Othello is captivating and presents racism as it was.
• Symbolism in Shakespeare’s Othello and Pope’s The Rape of the Lock This paper aims to compare the aspects of symbolism in Othello and The Rape of the Lock. The lock in the poem “The Rape of the Lock” is more than just a coiled strand of […]
• “Othello” by William Shakespeare: Military Honor and Othello The higher a person’s rank, the more he is expected to honor the code and the harder it is for him to conceive of someone else breaking it.
• Racism in Shakespeare’s “Othello” and Dick’s “Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?” The formalist analysis of Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep repeats the same mistake, as it focuses on the plot devices and tropes presented in the story.
• Iago and Othello Relationships With the help of relationships between Iago and Othello, Shakespeare conveyed the idea that good and evil have to coexist for the sake of the world balance.
• The Life and Work of William Shakespeare: His Contribution to the Contemporary Theater In addition, the plays and sonnets of William Shakespeare continue to set the standard for the study of the English language in its dramatic context in institutes of higher learning and performance training.
• The Character of Iago in Shakespeare’s Othello The greatest evil in the play, the catalyst for the tragedy to unfold, appears to be “the Devil,” the avatar of which can be seen in Iago.
• Compare and Contrast Shakespeare’s Othello and the Blind Owl by Sedayat On the other hand, in The Blind Owl, the storyteller, a pen-case decorator, falls in love with a naive woman who is virtuous and demonic at the same time. In The Blind Owl, it is […]
• Shakespeare’s “Othello” and Miller’s “The Crucible” The villains in both “Othello” and “The Crucible” are unique in their proficiency in the use of language for manipulating others and their ability to use the current setting for achieving their goals; Abigail is […]
• Machiavelli and Othello’s Leadership Skills It is not that easy to control lots of people, and this is why it is better to define the steps, which will help to take everything under control and not to be kept by […]
• Play Analysis: Shakespeare’s “Othello” and “Twelfth Night” Iago’s persona, which is portrayed as predatory and cynical, is crucial to the tragedy because it disturbs the plot. Shakespeare succeeds in making the play unsettling by utilizing a lot of epithets, metaphors, amplifications, repetitions, […]
• Shakespeare’s Othello: Hero or Villain Review However, it is still possible to view Othello as a hero but a tragic one. He is a tragic hero who suffered from his actions.
• “Othello” Through the Lens of Feminist Theory It depicts female characters in a state of submission and obedience and shows the disbalance in the distribution of power between men and women.
• Iago’s Motives in Shakespeare’s Othello Play He does not seek to seize the treasure his intention is only to deprive the possessor of the treasure of pleasure. A cynic to the depths of his brain, he sees only the flipside in […]
• Comparison of Marriage in Elizabethan Times and in “Othello” The man was believed to be the head of the family, and he had the legal right to punish his wife.
• Shakespeare’s Tragedy “Othello” Speaking of racism as a possible motivation for Iago’s behavior, it is worth noting that it is not the primary and only source of its manifestation.
• The Significance of the Handkerchief to Othello The main reason for the discord is that Othello slept with his wife and justifies all the negativity toward Iago. The handkerchief is the best proof that Desdemona has entered into an intimate relationship with […]
• “Le Morte Darthur” by Malory, Thomas and “Othello” by Shakespeare The mistrust grows, culminating in the assassinations of Emilia, Roderigo, and Desdemona, as well as Othello’s death. In truth, Iago’s evilness inspires Roderigo’s jealousy and Othello’s misgivings of his own innocent wife, Desdemona.
• Topics in the Othello Play by Shakespeare I frequently returned to the beginning of the passage or dialogue to remind myself what the topic of the conversation was.
• The Use of Dark Symbolism in “Othello” and “Paradise Lost” Thus, the use of dark imagery in Milton’s work is implemented to heighten the contrast between light and darkness, good and evil.
• Restoring Honor and Confidence in Shakespeare’s Othello The correlation of the fate of the hero with the development of society, which is the main distinguishing feature of the genre of tragedy, can take on a variety of artistic forms.
• Analysis of Acts I and II of Shakespeare’s Othello Play In lines “and what’s he then that says I play the villain,” Iago acknowledges that he seduces his victim, Cassio, by pretending to display good intent.
• Mind vs. Heart in “Othello” by William Shakespeare The main idea of the William Shakespeare’s tragedy Othello, written in 1604, is the confrontation of the mind and the heart.
• Anti-Racism in Shakespeare’s Othello For Shakespeare, Brabantio’s views are representative of the racial prejudice of the society in general, rather than of his personal feelings towards the protagonist. On the other hand, Othello’s story is cohesive and believable; he […]
• Power in Stories of Oedipus and Othello What woman in that period would not want to marry a high-ranking general and acquire the power that comes with it?
• Lago’s Hatred and Jealousy in the “Othello” by William Shakespeare Othello is a story by William Shakespeare that revolves around four characters, Othello, who is the general in the Venetian Army, Lago, who was Othello’s assistant in the same army, Desdemona, the daughter of a […]
• Appearance in “Othello” and “A Raisin in the Sun” The paper under analysis is based on the comparison of Othello by Shakespeare and A Raising in the Sun by Hansberry through the manifesting of the theme of the racial segregation and the nature of […]
• Shakespeare and His View on Kingship: Macbeth, King Lear and Othello At the same time, it is beyond doubt in the basement Macbeth’s character is clean and as a soldier, he is true to his job and his king.
• Ed. Michelle Lee’s “Othello” as a Critical Source He starts by briefly retelling the main events of Othello and proceeds to state that modern critics’ main concern is about the subjects of race and gender in their analyses of the play.
• Shakespeare’s Othello: A Tragic Hero When Alexander the Great died, Aristotle fled to Chalcis, where he died the following year at the age of about 62 William Shakespeare was a strong adherent of Aristotle in his writings.
• Shakespearean Othello as a Tragic Figure Enraged and hurt, he is mistaken in his judgments about Desdemona, it is anger that he is moved by and not his sound mind. Actually, Othello’s anger is an outcome of his jealousy.
• Othello: The Shakespeare Story Analysis Using the three female characters of Desdemona, Emilia, and Bianca, Shakespeare gives us the common view of women through the eyes of Iago and the view of the nobility through the eyes of Brabantio, Desdemona’s […]
• Speciesism in Shakespeare’s Othello and Dick’s Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep In Shakespeare’s play, the motif of discrimination is explored in conjunction with Othello’s dark skin color, something that caused the “noble Moore” to be treated with suspicion by other characters throughout the play.
• The Tragedy of Othello Told in Pictures In this project, I will tell the tragedy of Othello through a collection of pictures. The project is based on “Othello: The Moor of Venice”.
• ”Othello” and ”Chronicle of a Death Foretold”: A Difference Between Love and Passion Consequently, I believe that differences between passion and love have a tendency to exist, as passion is the uncontrolled actions to show affection, and love is the act of the understanding of the behavior of […]
• “Othello”, “A Worn Path” and “Negro” Literature Comparison Although Hughes in his “Negro” discusses race as the main source for the character’s identity and attempts to accentuate the role of the black race for the whole world history, Shakespeare in Othello and Welty […]
• “Othello” a Play by W. Shakespeare Literature Analysis Consequently, Othello seeks to distance himself with the misconstrued stereotypes of a ‘Moor.’ This essay seeks to prove that the main character’s sense of identity leads to his self-destruction.
• Philosophy of Literature: Shakespearean Tragedy In addition, it is also an indication of the facts that human beings are always nosy and ready to participate in other people’s issues.
• Treatment of Women by Shakespeare and Sophocles Othello disregards the explanation that Desdemona has in regard to the accusation of being unfaithful and kills her.’She’s, like a liar, gone to burning hell, Shakespeare 28.’ After Othello killed Desdemona, he believed more in […]
• The Movie Adaptation of the “Othello” by William Shakespeare In its turn, this explains the lessened plausibility of film’s action, as compared to what it is being the case with original tragedy.
• What Can Lawyers Learn From ‘Othello’? Shakespeare has employed one of the literature elements by using major characters like, Othello, a hero and the head of armies, Desdemona, Othello’s covert wife, Michael Cassio, Othello’s deputy, Lago, ranked below the lieutenant, among […]
• Othello and Desdemona: Emotional Strangers Unaware of what is happening, Desdemona continues to show her fierce devotion to her husband which both blinds her to the truth of Othello’s murderous emotions and feeds them.
• Humiliation of Iago (Othello) In order to identify the actual reasons for Iago’s hatred to Desdemona and Othello, the author makes use of his own approach in analyzing the play through the prism of motives, plots, themes, and character […]
• William Shakespeare’s Othello Summary | Essay Example Othello leaves Venice in the company of his wife, Iago and Cassio and Desdemona’s attendant known as Emilia. Othello’s love for Desdemona is a major weakness that leads to his downfall.
• The Driving Force of Plot in Medea by Euripides, Othello by William Shakespeare, and the Epic of Gilgamesh Reading Medea by Euripides, Othello by William Shakespeare, and The Epic of Gilgamesh it becomes obvious that the driving force of plot is heroism, however, the nature of that heroism is different that may be […]
• Shakespeare’s Othello, the Moor of Venice Iago’s paranoia is tremendous to an extent that his insanity is portrayed when he deludes Othello to kill his own wife.
• Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Othello: The Words and Actions of Iago To my mind, one of the most complex, captivating, and, at the same time, the most evil characters in Shakespeare’s plays is Iago from The Tragedy of Othello.
• Othello and Snow Country: Personal Opinion As aforementioned, it is hard to differentiate between love and passion as they all come in the name of love. Nevertheless, because his ‘love’ for her is based on passion, he smothers her to death; […]
• Why Does Iago Convince Othello of Desdemona’s Infidelity?
• How Are Othello and Blanche Dubois Alienated in Their Societies?
• How Jealousy Leads Towards the Tragedy in “Othello”?
• Why Iago From William Shakespeare’s “Othello” Is a Well-Written Villain?
• Does Othello Meet the Standards of a Tragic Hero?
• How Does Iago Convince Othello That Desdemona and Cassio Must Die?
• What Role Does Race Plays in “Othello”?
• How Does Iago Attempt to Poison Othello Against Desdemona?
• How Do Age, Social Position, and Race Impact the Relationship Between Othello and Desdemona?
• Can Pathos and Ethos Compel “Othello” Out of Logic?
• How Are the Characters Empowered or Disempowered in “Brilliant Lies” and “Othello”?
• Why Isn’t Shakespeare’s “Othello” Called Iago?
• What Are the Qualities “Othello” Possesses Which Make It a Tragedy?
• Does Iago Cause the Tragedy of Othello and Desdemona, or Is He Merely the Catalyst?
• How Does Iago Convince Othello of Desdemona’s Infidelity?
• Why Did Othello Kill Desdemona?
• Why Does Othello Choose to Trust Iago Rather Than Desdemona?
• Does Iago Cause the Tragedy of Othello?
• What Are the Similarities Between “Macbeth” and “Othello”?
• How Far Does the Context of War and Soldiery Contribute to the Tragedy in Shakespeare’s “Othello”?
• Whose Responsibilities for Tragedy Outcome of “Othello”?
• What Are the Contextual Factors Critical to the Study of “Othello”?
• How Did Iago Manipulate Othello?
• What Role Does Incoherent Language Play in “Othello”?
• How Othello’s Personality Evolves in the Tragedy of “Othello” by William Shakespeare?
• What Does Othello’s Speech and Say Tell Us About His Character?
• Did Desdemona and Othello Experience True Love?
• Did Othello Truly Love Desdemona?
• How Does the Ending of “Othello” Relate to the Ideas and Characteristics of the Text?
• Were “Othello” and “The Merchant of Venice” Racist Plays?
• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

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by William Shakespeare

Othello essay questions.

How is Othello's race a factor in the play?

Othello ascends to the rank of the Venetian military, a city - much like Elizabethan England when the play was written - rife with racism. A general in the army, Othello holds a distinguished place in the Duke's court due to his victories in battle, but not an equal one. He suffers barbs and preconceived notions, yet Othello is esteemed and wins the love of the daughter of a nobleman. However, Brabantio is enraged by Othello's marriage to Desdemona and claims Othello used magic to compel her to run to his "sooty bosom". Race is a factor in the tragedy both in those who seek to destroy Othello, and the victims of the schemes - Othello and Desdemona. Perhaps the most pernicious form of race as an instrument of division is Othello's own view of himself as an outsider, which makes him more susceptible to Iago's plan.

How does Shakespeare's use of language reveal character?

Often Shakespeare uses verse lines written in iambic pentameter to illustrate nobility. It is illustrative of Iago's duplicitous nature that he tends to speak in verse when he is with Othello and in prose for his soliloquies. One way in which Iago is a master in manipulation is his tendency to use Othello's own words to disguise his active role of instigator and make it seem that any dark thought came not from him but Othello's own mind. Othello's speech is very sophisticated at the beginning of the play, and in his soliloquy at the close of Act V, but when he is consumed with jealous rage, his eloquence falters. Shakespeare uses dialogue to convey the innerworkings of his characters.

Othello is often called a tragic hero. Discuss his heroic qualities as well as his flaws which lead to his demise.

At the beginning of the play Othello is presented as an honorable man of noble stature and high position. In the end it is his misguided attempt to maintain that honor which brings about his, and Desdemona's, demise. However, Othello is not simply the victim of a plot. Iago is able to engineer Othello's downfall in part because of Othello's own insecurities. His pride blinds him to his weaknesses, and he puts his faith in Iago over the word of his love, Desdemona. Othello is obsessed with his reputation, and ends up killing his wife to save face. Only to a flawed man would murder seem like a solution to a problem of reputation. Othello is spurred on by lies and misrepresentations, but he brings about his own undoing.

What motives, stated and implied, does Iago have for taking revenge on Othello?

Iago's stated reason for taking revenge on Othello is that he has been passed over for Cassio's post. But is this enough for him to "hate the Moor"? It is clear that he is jealous of Othello's ascension in the court and successful wooing of Desdemona. Othello's race and status as an outsider also seems to fuel this rage, as well as the rumor that Othello has slept with Iago's wife, Emilia. None of these motivations, however, seem to add up to inspire the violence that unfolds. Iago remains one of the most purely evil of Shakespeare's villains.

Discuss how loyalty is presented as a positive and a negative quality throughout the play.

Othello's lack of loyalty is what incites Iago's plan for revenge. Iago's ability to fool Othello that he is loyal while secretly plotting his demise is what makes his revenge effective. It is Othello's belief in Desdemona's lack of loyalty that seals their fates. In these ways loyalty, when misconstrued, can be dangerous. However Desdemona's loyalty to Othello even in her death and Othello's loyalty to her once his mistake is revealed are seen as ennobling aspects of their characters.

Compare and contrast the jealousy of Othello to that of Iago.

One major theme in Othello is revenge - Iago's revenge on Othello and Othello's revenge on Desdemona. They both believe death will bring justice. Iago's revenge is cooler, plotted out over time where Othello's is an act of heartbroken passion. Iago wears his lack of morals as a badge of honor where it is Othello's moral code that leads to his tragic end.

Although Othello is the title character in what way is Iago the main character?

Often in Shakespeare's plays such as Hamlet or King Lear , the title character is the main character and protagonist. In Othello this is not the case. Iago has almost 20% more lines than Othello, and has more asides with the audience. While it is Othello's decisions and actions that provide the dramatic structure for the play, it is Iago who sets in motion those decisions and spurs him to action. Othello is the tragic figure of the play, along with Desdemona, and it his characteristics that lend itself to most of the themes - jealousy, race, trust. However, Iago is the character who drives the plot.

How does Desdemona's dying assertion that she killed herself effect how you see her character?

From a modern feminist viewpoint Desdemona may be judged harshly for answering Emilia, when she asked who has mortally attacked her, "nobody; I myself. Farewell." Furthermore, she seemed resigned to her fate at the hands of her husband. While contemporary audiences may interpret these actions as unfathomable, they highlight the goodness of her character. Desdemona is described by others in the play with words that symbolize goodness - light, white, fair, delicate, alabaster. By the end of the play, Desdemona begins to symbolize goodness itself, so her reaction to her murder becomes another element in Othello's tragic end. Desdemona still loves Othello, though he is mistaken, and she goes to her death professing her husband's reputation. A modern audience may wish for a response that is less melodramatic, but that is not the world that Shakespeare has created in this play.

In what ways do Othello's suicide strengthen or undermine his heroism?

Though suicide is not usually the chosen end for a heroic figure, it is Othello's only escape from the crimes he has committed. Though the victim of Iago's trickery, Othello is still the author of his own demise. For Desdemona's death to be answered by anything less than his own would have felt false.

Describe how Othello's pride leads to his fall.

At the beginning of the play Othello is proud of himself and his achievements, but when Iago looks to punish Othello for his perceived slight, it is his pride that he preys upon. The belief that Desdemona has tainted his honor ignites Othello's rage, but it is his pride that blinds him to the fact that the evidence of her acts are lies invented not by a loyal friend but an enemy bent on his destruction.

Othello Questions and Answers

The Question and Answer section for Othello is a great resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss the novel.

desdemonas speech here confirms the masterly nature of iagos plot with what words does she assure cassio that she will do her best to get him reinstated

What is your question here?

why does othello ignore the cries for help?

Othello is hurdling towards self-destruction: sadly, by the deaths of people closest to him. Like tragic heroes such as Macbeth, Othello's senses are dull to tragedy and screams of terror. Roderigo and Cassio fight, and both are injured; Othello...

what function does the opening part of this scene, with the clown, have?

The minor comic relief that is present is reminiscent of Feste's wit in Twelfth Night . As in Twelfth Night , a man entreats a servant to fetch someone hither; but since the servant is a clown, there is a bit of frustration and word-play before...

Study Guide for Othello

Othello study guide contains a biography of William Shakespeare, literature essays, a complete e-text, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis.

• About Othello
• Othello Summary
• Othello Video
• Character List

Essays for Othello

Othello essays are academic essays for citation. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of Othello by William Shakespeare.

• Iago and Edmund: The Silence and Complexity of Evil
• Unity in Shakespeare's Tragedies
• Inevitability and the Nature of Shakespeare's Tragedies
• Witchy Women: Female Magic and Otherness in Western Literature
• Racism in Othello

Lesson Plan for Othello

• About the Author
• Study Objectives
• Common Core Standards
• Introduction to Othello
• Relationship to Other Books
• Bringing in Technology
• Notes to the Teacher
• Related Links
• Othello Bibliography

E-Text of Othello

Othello e-text contains the full text of Othello by William Shakespeare.

• List of Characters

Wikipedia Entries for Othello

• Introduction
• Date and sources
• Themes and critical approaches

Sample details

• William Shakespeare,

William Shakespeare

• Words: 1138

Related Topics

• The Tempest
• Midsummer Night's Dream
• The Merchant of Venice
• Titus Andronicus
• Othello Jealousy
• As You Like It
• Much Ado About Nothing
• Taming of The Shrew
• Romeo And Juliet
• Measure for Measure
• Twelfth Night

The Two Settings of Othello

In The Tragedy of Othello, William Shakespeare explores the impact of the environment on the characters, particularly in relation to themes of jealousy and self-preservation. Through the use of contrasting settings, Shakespeare effectively enhances the emotions evoked by the characters’ actions. The civilized city of Venice and the secluded island of Cyprus serve as stark contrasts, revealing the varying personalities and behaviors of the main characters. While Venice maintains a sense of dignity in their actions, heightened by the scrutiny of the council and public, the isolation of Cyprus prompts a different behavior from the characters.

However, Cyprus provides a much more isolated setting, allowing the characters to reveal their true nature. Desdemona is portrayed as a daring and affectionate spouse. Despite receiving attention from others, she remains devoted to her husband Othello, who is renowned for his military exploits. Prior to their marriage, Desdemona resided in Venice alongside her father, where she experienced a refined and distinguished lifestyle. This privileged existence shielded her from witnessing commonplace acts of wrongdoing such as theft.

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The anger of Desdemona’s father, Brabantio, is evident when he learns about a robbery in Venice. Brabantio exclaims, “Why are you telling me about stealing? This is Venice, not some remote place (Shakespeare, 1015).” This divergent lifestyle is not comparable to Desdemona’s life in Cyprus. Desdemona undergoes a transformation in Cyprus, going from an adventurous woman in Venice to a devoted wife to a military general. Despite enduring physical and emotional abuse from her husband, Desdemona remains loyal. Othello publicly slaps her and accuses her of infidelity. Othello asks, “Aren’t you a prostitute? What, you’re not a whore? (Shakespeare, 1077)” The change in location causes Desdemona to transition from a happily married newlywed to an unjustly mistreated wife. Iago is portrayed as the antagonist in Othello despite being commonly referred to as ‘honest Iago’. Like Desdemona, Iago’s character also evolves due to the different settings of Venice and Cyprus. In Venice, Iago lacked significant power and had to rely on others to execute his plans. Being powerless within the city, Iago used Roderigo to inform Barbantio about his daughter’s marriage.

According to Shakespeare (1014), Iago tells Roderigo to contact Desdemona’s father and provoke him. Iago’s initial lack of power does not last long as he becomes the ‘protector’ of Desdemona in Cyprus, gaining more trust with Othello. Iago manipulates those closest to him, including his wife Emilia. Emilia discovers Desdemona’s valuable handkerchief on the floor and, in an effort to please her husband, gives it to him, unknowingly aiding in his wicked plan.

Emilia quotes Emilia, “I will have the work removed and give it to Iago. Only Heaven knows what he will do with it, not me. I only aim to please his desires” (Shakespeare, 1091). In addition, Iago manipulates Cassio into appearing guilty in Othello’s eyes by planting Desdemona’s handkerchief in Cassio’s room to suggest an affair. Moreover, Iago deceives Cassio into seeming like he is confessing to having relations with Desdemona when in reality he is boasting about his relationship with a prostitute named Bianca.

Iago easily manipulates and controls his puppets in Cyprus due to its small and confined area. Roderigo, who appears to be the closest person to Iago, is also under his manipulation. Iago takes advantage of Roderigo’s infatuation with Desdemona to perform tasks that he doesn’t want to be associated with. Iago informs Roderigo about Desdemona’s alleged affair and orders him to “knock out his brains.” (Shakespeare, 1080) Being in Cyprus transforms Iago from being powerless to the most powerful, allowing him to manipulate everyone close to him with the power given by Othello.

Throughout the play, Othello undergoes the most significant transformation among the three characters. Initially, Othello holds the revered position of a highly regarded general in the Venetian forces but tragically evolves into a murderer. While residing in Venice, Othello serves as the council’s primary figure for military leadership, although he lacks ultimate authority and must comply with their decisions. This can be observed in the play when he is instructed to fulfill his military duties in Cyprus as per the council’s orders. Additionally, Othello is characterized by his unwavering trust. He places complete faith in ‘Honest’ Iago to safeguard his wife during times of war.

Othello addresses the council, saying, “Please your grace, my ancient is a man of integrity and reliability. I entrust him with the responsibility of taking care of my wife and anything else your grace deems necessary to send after me” (Shakespeare, 1018). However, once in Cyprus, Othello becomes the most influential person due to his role as the commanding officer. This authority causes him to lose trust in almost everyone around him, leading to his descent into madness. Othello transforms from a confident and secure man into a self-doubting individual. His doubts are evident in his questioning of his wife’s loyalty.

Despite the fact that Iago plants the seed of unfaithfulness in Othello’s mind, it is Othello himself who allows it to spiral out of control. In Cyprus, Othello undergoes a change and begins to mistreat women for the first time. He forces Desdemona to swear her loyalty due to his lack of trust. He starts by calling her a whore and even goes as far as physically abusing her in front of his colleague. Lodovico is shocked by Othello’s actions and remarks, “My lord, this would not be believed in Venice, Though I should swear it I saw’t. ‘Tis very much.” Othello also commits a crime that not only alters his own life but also affects everyone around him. With Iago’s assistance, Othello decides to kill his wife, Desdemona. Upon the revelation of the truth, Othello feels trapped and believes suicide is his only option. This sequence of events would never occur in Venice where Othello is aware of the standards and traditions. However, with the change in setting where Othello has complete control, he abuses his power. Ultimately, it is through both settings that Othello’s tragic flaw of insecurity is revealed.

Shakespeare employs a stark contrast between the refined and civilized city of Venice and the war-torn island of Cyprus in The Tragedy of Othello, a tale that unfolds in two vastly different settings. This contrast serves to heighten the intensity of the characters’ actions, as they are influenced and transformed by their surroundings. Desdemona, once a vibrant figure, becomes a shadow of her former self, subjected to abuse. Iago, on the other hand, evolves into a manipulative villain with considerable power. Lastly, Othello, the protagonist, experiences a shift in his character, transitioning into an insecure leader consumed by his thirst for power. This contrast of settings and its effect on the characters’ behavior is a pivotal aspect of Shakespeare’s tragedy.

Work Cited Shakespeare, William. “The Tragedy of Othello.” Trans. ArrayLiterature.. 2nd. New York: The McGraw Hill, 2008. 1012-1097. Print.

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