omit the page number.
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APA references generally include information about the author , publication date , title , and source . Depending on the type of source, you may have to include extra information that helps your reader locate the source.
It is not uncommon for certain information to be unknown or missing, especially with sources found online. In these cases, the reference is slightly adjusted.
Missing element | What to do | Reference format |
---|---|---|
Author | Start the reference entry with the source title. | Title. (Date). Source. |
Date | Write “n.d.” for “no date”. | Author. (n.d.). Title. Source. |
Title | Describe the work in square brackets. | Author. (Date). [Description]. Source. |
On the first line of the page, write the section label “References” (in bold and centered). On the second line, start listing your references in alphabetical order .
Apply these formatting guidelines to the APA reference page:
On the reference page, you only include sources that you have cited in the text (with an in-text citation ). You should not include references to personal communications that your reader can’t access (e.g. emails, phone conversations or private online material).
In addition to the APA Citation Generator, Scribbr provides many more tools and resources that help millions of students and academics every month.
There are special requirements for using clip art and stock images in APA Style papers.
Common sources for stock images and clip art are iStock, Getty Images, Adobe Stock, Shutterstock, Pixabay, and Flickr. Common sources for clip art are Microsoft Word and Microsoft PowerPoint.
The license associated with the clip art or stock image determines how it should be credited.
Follow the terms of the license associated with the image you want to reproduce. The guidelines apply regardless of whether the image costs money to purchase or is available for free. The guidelines also apply to both students and professionals and to both papers and PowerPoint presentations.
Although for most images you must look at the license on a case-by-case basis, images and clip art from programs such as Microsoft Word and Microsoft PowerPoint can be used without attribution. By purchasing the program, you have purchased a license to use the clip art and images that come with the program without attribution.
This page contains examples for clip art or stock images, including the following:
If the license associated with clip art or a stock image states “no attribution required,” then do not provide an APA Style reference, in-text citation, or copyright attribution.
For example, this image of a cat comes from Pixabay and has a license that says the image is free to reproduce with no attribution required. To use the image as a figure in an APA Style paper, provide a figure number and title and then the image. If desired, describe the image in a figure note. In a presentation (such as a PowerPoint presentation), the figure number, title, and note are optional.
Figure 1 A Striped Cat Sits With Paws Crossed
Note. Participants assigned to the cute pets condition saw this image of a cat.
If the license associated with clip art or a stock image says that attribution is required, then provide a copyright attribution in the figure note and a reference list entry for the image in the reference list. Many (but not all) images with Creative Commons licenses require attribution.
For example, this image of a sled dog comes from Flickr and has a Creative Commons license (specifically, CC BY 2.0). The license states that the image is free to use but attribution is required.
To use the image as a figure in an APA Style paper, provide a figure number and title and then the image. Below the image, provide a copyright attribution in the figure note. In a presentation, the figure number and title are optional but the note containing the copyright attribution is required.
The copyright attribution is used instead of an in-text citation. The copyright attribution consists of the same elements as the reference list entry, but in a different order (title, author, date, site name, URL), followed by the name of the Creative Commons License.
Figure 1 Lava the Sled Dog
Note . From Lava [Photograph], by Denali National Park and Preserve, 2013, Flickr
( https://www.flickr.com/photos/denalinps/8639280606/ ). CC BY 2.0.
Also provide a reference list entry for the image. The reference list entry for the image consists of its author, year of publication, title, description in brackets, and source (usually the name of the website and the URL).
Denali National Park and Preserve. (2013). Lava [Photograph]. Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/photos/denalinps/8639280606/
To cite clip art or a stock image without reproducing it, provide an in-text citation for the image instead of a copyright attribution. Also provide a reference list entry.
Clip art or stock images are covered in the seventh edition APA Style manuals in the Publication Manual Sections 12.14 to 12.18 and the Concise Guide Section 10.12
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Learn how to cite conference presentations and abstracts in APA style with examples and guidelines. Find out how to include the names of presenters, dates, locations, descriptions, and links of the presentations.
Cite your source automatically in APA. Media File: APA PowerPoint Slide Presentation. This resource is enhanced by a PowerPoint file. If you have a Microsoft Account, you can view this file with PowerPoint Online. Select the APA PowerPoint Presentation link above to download slides that provide a detailed review of the APA citation style.
Revised on December 27, 2023. To reference a PowerPoint presentation in APA Style, include the name of the author (whoever presented the PowerPoint), the date it was presented, the title (italicized), "PowerPoint slides" in square brackets, the name of the department and university, and the URL where the PowerPoint can be found.
If the slides contain citations to information published elsewhere, and you want to cite that information as well, then it is best to find, read, and cite the original source yourself rather than citing the slides as a secondary source. Writers creating PowerPoint presentations in APA Style should present information clearly and concisely.
Formatting a Powerpoint Presentation in APA 7th Style. The APA 7th Manual and the APA website do not provide any specific rules about using APA format or citation in PowerPoint slides. Here are some recommended guidelines: 1. Always follow any specific instructions given by your instructor. 2. You will need in-text citations on a PowerPoint ...
APA Citation Guide (7th Edition): Presentations and Class Notes. Note: This guide reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7). Welcome; ... Handouts distributed in class and presentation slides such as PowerPoint should be cited both in-text and on the Reference list.
presentation and assist in conveying the message. The images chosen for each slide ... Formatting for a PowerPoint reference page is the same as the formatting for an APA formatted essay. If you need assistance with formatting a reference page in APA, please visit the Lewis OWL resource HERE and view the last page in the document. Author:
For quotes or material from other sources, include an in-text citation that links back to the original material (example - second paragraph). Images you create: If possible list your sources at the bottom or side of the image (example). Otherwise, include a list of citations alongside the image wherever it's uploaded (e.g. Flickr, Blackboard).
APA 7th Edition Citation Guide Conference Presentations and Publications. Conference Presentation. For conference presentations, include the presenters' names, the dates of the entire conference, the title of the presentation, a description of the presentation, the name of the conference, the location of the conference, and a link if it is ...
Basics of APA Formatting; In Text Citations Toggle Dropdown. In Text Quick View ; Block Quotes ; References. Books & eBooks ; Articles ; Thesis/Dissertation ... [Paper presentation]. Association of College and Research Libraries meeting, Cleveland, OH. See Ch. 10 pp. 313-352 of APA Manual for more examples and formatting rules << Previous ...
You can cite a conference paper easily by using our free APA Citation Generator. To cite a paper that has been presented at a conference but not published, include the author's name, the date of the conference, the title of the paper (italicized), "Paper presentation" in square brackets, the name and location of the conference, and a URL ...
Conference Sessions, Papers, and Posters. Note: Conference sessions, papers, and posters all follow the same citation style. The only change is in the brackets following the title of the contribution, denoting the format. Use the description provided by the conference, e.g. [Poster presentation], [Key-note address], [Conference session], etc.
The main thing is to follow APA format for your citations. You need a References slide at the end of your presentation (or multiple slides, if you have many sources). Individual slides all need APA style in-text citations where appropriate (i.e. anywhere you've used information not original to you).
Throughout your paper, you need to apply the following APA format guidelines: Set page margins to 1 inch on all sides. Double-space all text, including headings. Indent the first line of every paragraph 0.5 inches. Use an accessible font (e.g., Times New Roman 12pt., Arial 11pt., or Georgia 11pt.).
If you are citing a classroom presentation file you've viewed or accessed, use the following structure. Structure: Lecturer Last name, F. M. (Year, month date). Title of lecture [Description of file type]. Department name, university name. URL. Example: Prosser, M. (2021, October 18).
To cite PowerPoint presentation slides, include the author name, year/date of presentation, the title, the source description, the website and/or university name, and the URL where the source can be found. Author Surname, X. Y. (Year, Month Day). Title of the presentation [PowerPoint slides]. Publisher.
In-text citation APA example: According to a study done by Kent and Giles (2017), student teachers who use technology in their lessons tend to continue using technology tools throughout their teaching careers. ... [PowerPoint presentation] [Video file] If you are using Citation Machine citing tools, additional information about the title is ...
More than 100 reference examples and their corresponding in-text citations are presented in the seventh edition Publication Manual.Examples of the most common works that writers cite are provided on this page; additional examples are available in the Publication Manual.. To find the reference example you need, first select a category (e.g., periodicals) and then choose the appropriate type of ...
APA stands for American Psychological Association and is a common formatting style for publications, including research papers, in the social sciences. APA style has unique formats for in-text citations and reference pages. Its style and guidelines increase the ease of reading comprehension for viewers as well as ensure consistent presentation ...
Use the following template or our APA Citation Generator to cite a presentation or lecture. For help with other source types, like books, PDFs, or websites, check out our other guides. To have your reference list or bibliography automatically made for you, try our free citation generator.. Reference list
Basic guidelines for formatting the reference list at the end of a standard APA research paper Author/Authors Rules for handling works by a single author or multiple authors that apply to all APA-style references in your reference list, regardless of the type of work (book, article, electronic resource, etc.)
APA Style (7th Edition) These OWL resources will help you learn how to use the American Psychological Association (APA) citation and format style. This section contains resources on in-text citation and the References page, as well as APA sample papers, slide presentations, and the APA classroom poster.
APA Citation Style . This guide provides basic instruction about the APA Citation Style. Getting Started; Reference Elements. Author ; Date ; Title ; Source ; In-Text Citations; Instruction Videos; Quick Links. Ask A Librarian Research Help Research Process Research Tools Search Strategies Interlibrary Loan Citation Help Report Broken Links.
In this presentation, Kyler Shumway shares his strategies for making snazzy (but professional) slideshow presentations. Learn how to use the latest technology to augment visual communication while avoiding some of the classic presentation blunders. Other topics include: animation basics; simple data visualization; gathering and using quality images
APA Style is widely used by students, researchers, and professionals in the social and behavioral sciences. Scribbr's free citation generator automatically generates accurate references and in-text citations. This citation guide outlines the most important citation guidelines from the 7th edition APA Publication Manual (2020).
To use the image as a figure in an APA Style paper, provide a figure number and title and then the image. If desired, describe the image in a figure note. In a presentation (such as a PowerPoint presentation), the figure number, title, and note are optional.
Guide to citations according to APA 7th edition with examples of business source citations