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13.5: Case Study- Designing a Basic GUI

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• Ralph Morelli & Ralph Wade
• Trinity College

What elements make up a basic user interface? If you think about all of the various interfaces you’ve encountered—and don’t just limit yourself to computers—they all have the following elements:

Some way to provide help/guidance to the user.

Some way to allow input of information.

Some way to allow output of information.

Some way to control the interaction between the user and the device.

Think about the interface on a beverage machine. Printed text on the machine will tell you what choices you have, where to put your money, and what to do if something goes wrong. The coin slot is used to input money. There’s often some kind of display to tell you how much money you’ve inserted. And there’s usually a bunch of buttons and levers that let you control the interaction with the machine.

These same kinds of elements make up the basic computer interface. Designing a Graphical User Interface is primarily a process of choosing components that can effectively perform the tasks of input, output, control, and guidance.

In the programs we designed in the earlier chapters, we used two different kinds of interfaces. In the command-line interface, we used printed prompts to inform the user, typed commands for data entry and user control, and printed output to report results. Our GUI interfaces used JLabel s to guide and prompt the user, JTextField s and JTextArea s as basic input and output devices, and either JButton s or JTextField s for user control.

Let’s begin by building a basic GUI in the form of a Java application. To keep the example as close as possible to the GUIs we’ve already used, we will build it out of the following Swing components: JLabel , JTextField , JTextArea , and JButton .

The Metric Converter Application

Suppose the coach of the cross-country team asks you to write a Java application that can be used to convert miles to kilometers. The program should let the user input a distance in miles, and the program should report the equivalent distance in kilometers.

Before we design the interface for this, let’s first define a MetricConverter class that can be used to perform the conversions (Fig. 13.9). For now at least, this class’s only task will be to convert miles to kilometers, for which it will use the formula that 1 kilometer equals 0.62 miles:

Note that the method takes a double as input and returns a double . Also, by declaring the method static , we make it a class method, so it can be invoked simply by

Choosing the Components

Let’s now design a GUI to handle the interaction with the user. First, let’s choose Swing components for each of the four interface tasks of input, output, control, and guidance. For each component, it might be useful to refer back to Figure [fig-swing2-guis] to note its location in the Swing hierarchy.

A JLabel is a display area for a short string of text, an image, or both. Its AWT counterpart, the Label , cannot display images. A does not react to input. Therefore, it is used primarily to display a graphic or small amounts of static text. It is perfectly suited to serve as a prompt, which is what we will use it for in this interface.

A JTextField is a component that allows the user to edit a single line of text. It is identical to its AWT counterpart, the TextField . By using its getText() and setText() methods, a JTextField can be used for either input or output, or both. For this problem, we’ll use it to perform the interface’s input task.

A JTextArea is a multiline text area that can be used for either input or output. It is almost identical to the AWT TextArea component. One difference, however, is that a JTextArea does not contain scrollbars by default. For this program, we’ll use the JTextArea for displaying the results of conversions. Because it is used solely for output in this program, we’ll make it uneditable to prevent the user from typing in it.

Let’s use a JButton as our main control for this interface. By implementing the ActionListener interface we will handle the user’s action events.

Choosing the Top-Level Window

The next issue we must decide is what kind of top-level window to use for this interface. For applet interfaces, the top-level component would be a JApplet . For Java applications, you would typically use a JFrame as the top-level window. Both of these classes are subclasses of Container , so they are suitable for holding the components that make up the interface (Fig. [fig-swing1-guis] ).

Also, as noted earlier, JApplet s and JFrame s are both examples of heavyweight components, so they both have windows associated with them. To display a JFrame we just have to give it a size and make it visible. Because a frame runs as a stand-alone window, not within a browser context, it should also be able to exit the application when the user closes the frame.

Designing a Layout

The next step in designing the interface is deciding how to arrange the components so that they will be visually appealing and comprehensible, as well as easy to use.

Figure [fig-metricgui] shows a design for the layout. The largest component is the output text area, which occupies the center of the JFrame . The prompt, input text field, and control button are arranged in a row above the text area. This is a simple and straightforward layout.

Figure [fig-metricgui] also provides a containment hierarchy , also called a widget hierarchy , which shows the containment relationships among the various components. Although it might not seem so for this simple layout, the containment hierarchy plays an important role in showing how the various components are grouped in the interface. For this design, we have a relatively simple hierarchy, with only one level of containment. All of the components are contained directly in the JFrame .

Figure 13.11 shows the design of the Converter class, which extends the JFrame class and implements the ActionListener interface. As a JFrame subclass, a Converter can contain GUI components. As an implementor of the ActionListener interface, it also will be able to handle action events through the actionPerformed() method.

Figure [fig-converterclass] gives the implementation of the Converter class. Note the three packages that are imported. The first contains definitions of the Swing classes, and the other two contain definitions of AWT events and layout managers that are used in the program.

We have to do all initializing tasks in the constructor. First, we have to set the JFrame ’s layout to FlowLayout . A layout manager is the object that is responsible for sizing and arranging the components in a container so that the elements are organized in the best possible manner. A flow layout is the simplest arrangement: The components are arranged left to right in the window, wrapping around to the next “row” if necessary.

Second, note the statements used to set the layout and to add components directly to the JFrame . Instead of adding components directly to the JFrame , we must add them to its content pane:

A content pane is a JPanel that serves as the working area of the JFrame . It contains all of the frame’s components. Java will raise an exception if you attempt to add a component directly to a JFrame .

The JFrame and all the other top-level Swing windows have an internal structure made up of several distinct objects that can be manipulated by the program. Because of this structure, GUI elements can be organized into different layers within the window to create many types of sophisticated layouts. Also, one layer of the structure makes it possible to associate a menu with the frame.

Finally, note how the Converter frame is instantiated, made visible, and eventually exited in the application’s main() method:

It is necessary to set both the size and visibility of the frame, since these are not set by default. Because we are using a FlowLayout , it is especially important to give the frame an appropriate size. Failure to do so can cause the components to be arranged in a confusing way and might even cause some components to not appear in the window. These are limitations we will fix when we learn how to use some of the other layout managers.

Inner Classes and Adapter Classes

In this section we introduce two new language features, inner classes and adapter classes , which are used in the main() method shown above to handle the closing of the Converter application’s window when the program is exited:

This code segment provides a listener that listens for window closing events. When such an event occurs, it exits the application by calling System.exit() .

The syntax used here is an example of an anonymous inner class . An inner class is a class defined within another class. The syntax is somewhat ugly, because it places the class definition right where a reference to a window listener object would go. In effect what the code is doing is defining a subclass of WindowAdapter and creating an instance of it to serve as a listener for window closing events.

Anonymous inner classes provide a useful way of creating classes and objects on the fly to handle just this kind of listener task. The syntax used actually enables us to write one expression that both defines a class and creates an instance of it to listen for window closing events. The new subclass has local scope limited here to the main() method. It is anonymous, meaning we aren’t even giving it a name, so you can’t create other instances of it in the program. Note that the body of the class definition is placed right after the new keyword, which takes the place of the argument to the addWindowListener() method. For more details on the inner and anonymous classes, see Appendix F.

An adapter class is a wrapper class that implements trivial versions of the abstract methods that make up a particular interface. (Remember from Chapter 4 that a wrapper class contains methods for converting primitive data into objects and for converting data from one type to another.)

The WindowAdapter class implements the methods of the WindowListener interface. When you implement an interface, such as ActionListener , you must implement all the abstract methods defined in the interface. For ActionListener there’s just one method, the actionPerformed() method, so we can implement it as part of our applet or frame class. However, we want to use only one of the seven methods available in the WindowListener interface, the windowClosing() method, which is the method implemented in the anonymous inner class:

The WindowAdapter is defined simply as

Note that each method is given a trivial implementation (). To create a subclass of WindowAdapter , you must override at least one of its trivially implemented methods.

Another way to manage the application’s window closing event is to define a subclass of WindowAdapter :

Given this class, we can then place the following statement in Converter ’s main() method:

This is somewhat more familiar looking than the inner class construct. If you prefer this way of handling things, you can use this method in place of the inner classes here and in other examples.

GUI Design Critique

Figure 13.13 shows the converter interface. Although our basic GUI design satisfies the demands of input, output, control, and guidance, it has a few significant design flaws.

First, it forces the user to manually clear the input field after each conversion. Unless it is important that the user’s input value remain displayed until another value is entered, this is just an inconvenience to the user. In this case, the user’s input value is displayed along with the result in the JTextArea , so there’s no reason not to clear the input text field:

A second problem with our design is that it forces the user to switch between the keyboard (for input) and the mouse (for control). Experienced users will find this annoying. An easy way to fix this problem is to make both the JTextField and the JButton serve as controls. That way, to get the program to do the conversion, the user can just press the Enter key after typing a number into the text field.

To give the interface this type of control, we only need to add an ActionListener to the JTextField during the initialization step:

A JTextField generates an ActionEvent whenever the Enter key is pressed. We don’t even need to modify the actionPerformed() method, since both controls will generate the same action event. This will allow users who prefer the keyboard to use just the keyboard.

Given that the user can now interact with the interface with just the keyboard, a question arises over whether we should keep the button at all. In this case, it seems justifiable to keep both the button and the text field controls. Some users dislike typing and prefer to use the mouse. Also, having two independent sets of controls is a desirable form of redundancy. You see it frequently in menu-based systems that allow menu items to be selected either by mouse or by special control keys.

Another deficiency in the converter interface is that it doesn’t round off its result, leading sometimes to numbers with 20 or so digits. Develop Java code to fix this problem.

Give an example of desirable redundancy in automobile design.

Extending the Basic GUI: Button Array

Suppose the coach likes our program but complains that some of the folks in the office are terrible typists and would prefer not to have to use the keyboard at all. Is there some way we could modify the interface to accommodate these users?

This gets back to the point we were just making about incorporating redundancy into the interface. One way to satisfy this requirement would be to implement a numeric keypad for input, similar to a calculator keypad. Regular JButton s can be used as the keypad’s keys. As a user clicks keypad buttons, their face values—0 through 9—are inserted into the text field. The keypad will also need a button to clear the text field and one to serve as a decimal point.

This new feature will add 12 new JButton components to our interface. Instead of inserting them into the JFrame individually, it will be better to organize them into a separate panel and to insert the entire panel into the frame as a single unit. This will help reduce the complexity of the display, especially if the keypad buttons can be grouped together visually. Instead of having to deal with 16 separate components, the user will see the keypad as a single unit with a unified function. This is an example of the abstraction principle, similar to the way we break long strings of numbers (1-888-889-1999) into subgroups to make them easier to remember.

Figure [fig-metricgui2] shows the revised converter interface design. The containment hierarchy shows that the 12 keypad JButton s are contained within a JPanel . In the frame’s layout, the entire panel is inserted just after the text area.

Incorporating the keypad into the interface requires several changes in the program’s design. Because the keypad has such a clearly defined role, let’s make it into a separate object by defining a KeyPad class (Fig. 13.15). The KeyPad will be a subclass of JPanel and will handle its own ActionEvent s. As we saw in Chapter 4, a JPanel is a generic container. It is a subclass of Container via the JComponent class (Fig. [fig-swing2-guis] ). Its main purpose is to contain and organize components that appear together on an interface.

In this case, we will use a JPanel to hold the keypad buttons. As you might recall from Chapter 4, to add elements to a JPanel , you use the add() method, which is inherited from Container . (A JApplet is also a subclass of Container via the Panel class.)

As a subclass of JPanel , the KeyPad will take care of holding and organizing the JButton s in the visual display. We also need some way to organize and manage the 12 keypad buttons within the program’s memory. Clearly, this is a good job for an array. Actually, two arrays would be even better, one for the buttons and one for their labels:

The label array stores the strings that we will use as the buttons’ labels. The main advantage of the array is that we can use a loop to instantiate the buttons:

This code should be placed in the KeyPad() constructor. It begins by instantiating the array itself. It then uses a for loop, bounded by the size of the array, to instantiate each individual button and insert it into the array. Note how the loop variable here, k , plays a dual role. It serves as the index into both the button array ( buttons ) and the array of strings that serves as the buttons’ labels ( labels ). In that way the labels are assigned to the appropriate buttons. Note also how each button is assigned an ActionListener and added to the panel:

An important design issue for our KeyPad object concerns how it will interact with the Converter that contains it. When the user clicks a keypad button, the key’s label has to be displayed in the Converter ’s text area. But because the text area is private to the converter, the KeyPad does not have direct access to it. To address this problem, we will use a Java interface to implement a . In this design, whenever a KeyPad button is pressed, the KeyPad object calls a method in the Converter that displays the key’s label in the text area.

Figure [fig-p493f1] provides a summary of the callback design. Note that the association between the Converter and the KeyPad is bi-directional. This means that each object has a reference to the other and can invoke the other’s public methods. This will be effected by having the Converter pass a reference to itself when it constructs the KeyPad :

Another important design issue is that the KeyPad needs to know the name of the callback method and the Converter needs to have an implementation of that method. This is a perfect job for an abstract interface:

The KeyPad can interact with any class that implements the KeyPadClient interface. Note that the KeyPad has a reference to the , which it will use to invoke the keypressCallback() method.

The implementation of KeyPad is shown in Figure 13.17. Note that its constructor takes a reference to a KeyPadClient and saves it in an instance variable. Its actionPerformed() method then passes the key’s label to the KeyPadClient ’s callback method.

Given the KeyPad design, we need to revise our design of the Converter class (Fig. [fig-p493f1] ). The Converter will now implement the KeyPadClient interface, which means it must provide an implementation of the keypressCallback() method:

Recall that whenever the KeyPad object calls the keypressCallback() method, it passes the label of the button that was pressed. The Converter object simply appends the key’s label to the input text field, just as if the user typed the key in the text field.

The complete implementation of this revised version of the interface is shown in Figure 13.18 on the next page. The appearance of the interface itself is shown in Figure 3.19.

Figure 3.19 shows that despite our efforts to group the keypad into a rectangular array, it doesn’t appear as a single entity in the interface itself, which indicates a layout problem. The default layout for our KeyPad (which is a JPanel ) is FlowLayout , which is not appropriate for a numeric keypad that needs to be arranged into a two-dimensional grid pattern, which is the kind of layout our design called for (Fig. [fig-metricgui2] ).

Fortunately, this flaw can easily be fixed by using an appropriate layout manager from the AWT. In the next version of the program, we employ the java.awt.GridLayout , which is perfectly suited for a two-dimensional keypad layout (Section 13.7.2).

The lesson to be learned from this example is that screen layout is an important element of an effective GUI. If not done well, it can undermine the GUI’s effort to guide the user toward the appointed tasks. If done poorly enough, it can even keep the user from doing the task at all.

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You have now covered many aspects of the Java language. In this chapter we are going to take stock of what you have learnt by developing a Java application that draws upon all these topics. We will implement interfaces; we will catch and throw exceptions; we will make use of the collection classes in the java . util package; and we will store objects to file. We will also make use of many JavaFX components to develop an attractive graphical interface.

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If you are developing a class from scratch that you wish to add into a package, your Java IDE can be used so that the package line is inserted into your code for you and the required directory structure is created. If you are using your Java IDE to revisit classes previously written outside of a package (as in this example), you may need to ensure that the resulting directory structure is reflected in the project you are working in. Refer to your IDE’s documentation for details about how to do this.

By default, the tabs you add will appear at the top left of the TabPane (as in Fig.  24.8 ). A setSide method can be used to choose an alternative side (the top right, the bottom, the left or the right).

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With such amazing facts about Java, you would surely want to build some amazing applications using it, be it in any field like big data, mobile, enterprise, financial, or commerce. This article majorly focuses on projects which can be used by college students. Whether you’re from the first year, second year, third year, or fourth year. 

In this article, you’ll learn about some amazing Java projects starting from beginner level, intermediate to advanced level. These projects can be utilized for college assignments and will assist you in developing your Java skill set.

Table of Contents Beginner Level Java Projects Intermediate Level Java Projects Advanced Level Java Projects

Beginner Level Java Projects Ideas

The below-given list consists of some beginner-level Java project ideas which can be used as major projects by the students or professionals.

1. Currency Converter 

This project is a very basic project in Java that is used to convert a currency from one to another. A web-based interface for converting currency and getting the output value, for example, here displays converting the currency of the US dollar to INR. 

Abstract: We see variations with different countries using different currencies. Be aware of the current exchange prices in the market and then can convert from one currency to another. A calculator-like application, developed using Ajax, Applet, and web features of Java servlets. You also get a regular update when there’s a change in the value of the country’s currency and also the conversion rate. 

People use this application basically for business, shares, and finance-related areas where currency exchange and money transfer happen daily. You get a preferred choice to convert any country’s currency. Just enter the amount, the currency to which you want to transform to, click enter and you get the output.

Technologies Required: Java programming language, Java Servlets Web Features, Applet, and Ajax.

2. Brick Breaker Game

One of the pleasant ways to study technology is through implementing game applications. It may not be easy but developing this Java project will make you learn a lot of new things. This game development project will provide you with java experience and essential animation techniques with their integration. 

Abstract: Many of you already heard of the brick breaker game. It has a small ball that knocks the bricks taking the help of a small platform at the base. The player handles this platform and tries to bounce the ball through that platform. In this project, the scoring depends on the number of bricked-broken, i.e., the more you destroy the bricks, the more you score. 

If you missed the chance for the ball to bounce, then the game is over. This project is basically for beginners who are looking for a minor project. This simple project will surely help you with your first-year project or also as an implementation for fun purposes. 

Technologies Required: Java, Game development, JFrame, JPanel, and Java Graphics Kit.

3. Attendance Management System

An attendance management system is one of the major projects for university-level graduates. The project can be built using Java, the MVC architecture could be followed, and Maven as a built tool. It uses MySQL as a backend for database management and uses a tomcat server to deploy the application in order to see it working live. 

Abstract: This project is a web application that manages the attendance of any student in school or college, also employees in an organization. It has an admin feature that holds the access to do any kind of changes like update, delete, and add user records to the list. 

Various users of the application where users can access are:

Technologies Required: Java Servlet , MVC architecture, Maven MySQL , Tomcat Server JSP, HTML , CSS , and JavaScript .

4. Number Guessing Game

This number guessing game is an easy project built on Java where the player has to guess a number given in between a range. If the guessed number is right, the player wins else, loses. It also has the concept of limited attempts where the player has to guess the number within the limited attempts given. 

Abstract: The UI has an input value option where the player has to enter the guessed value, it also displays the time remaining to guess. After completing the limits given, if the guessed number is right, the player wins else loses. The range between the number can be from 1 to 100 or 1 to 1000. Also, if the number you’ve guessed is high or low to the actual value, the application sends you an alert “Too High” or “Too Low”. After the limited attempt is completed, the actual value is revealed. 

Technologies Required: Java Programming Language and Random Class in Java .

5. Tic-Tac-Toe Game

The Tic-Tac-Toe game application is a simple project developed using GUI (Graphical User Interface) in Java. It is very easy to understand and play, players generally prefer this kind of game when they’re bored and want something to play which is quick and easy.

Abstract: The game starts with two players as active members, having a one-print board on the screen which displays 9 boxes (i.e., 3×3). The first person who starts the game has to enter either X or O for any one box, followed by the other player entering the other X or O (opposite to what the first player has entered). this continues unless any one of them gets a line cut either diagonally or straight. And the person who founds the line is the winner of the game. 

Technologies Required: Java, Java Swing, Java GUI (Graphical User Interface), and JFrame.

6. Simple Banking Application

Simple Banking Application is a simple Java project for beginners to start their career in coding. You’ll learn about Scanner class to take inputs, and the basics of strings, loops, methods, and conditional statements. Here, simple banking operations like deposit, withdrawal, checking balance, exit, etc. 

Abstract: In this modernized world, where time is money, everyone has got the habit of doing their tasks online. Within a click, a task is done. You get this application to make transactions just by sitting in your comfort zone. Every operation like money transfer and balance inquiry can be done in seconds. 

Technologies Required: Java Programming Language, Oracle Database (if needed), and Java methods.

7. Library Management System 

Learning Management System, this project build on Java is a great way to update the record, monitor and add books, search for the required ones, taking care of the issue date and return date. It comes with basic features like creating a new record and updating and deleting it. 

Abstract: We rely on web-based applications for every task, be it small or big. This contains two sections – the admin and users section. The admin handles the record of the users and the user handles the entry of books being issued to him/her. Also, there can be modules that display the data of books available in the library, a search button to search for the required book, and the final payment method for the charges of the book or fine imposed. 

Technologies Required: Java, Java Swing Library, MySQL JDBC Connector, MySQL Community Server, and rs2xml.jar (used to display the data in a table format).

8. Word Counter 

A simple project for beginners is good to start. It can be built using Swing in Java. Here, the application tells you the no of words, the entered paragraph has. 

Abstract: This Java application is best suited for counting words. Remember, our childhood days when we were asked to write an essay on a given topic where the word length should be 500 or 1000. This application comes with a feature that could help you. Along with word count, it also tells you the number of characters, words, and paragraphs it has. Also, it is completely free to use and there’s no word count limit. 

Technologies Required: Java, Java Swing, Java Framework (JFrame), and Applet. 

9. ATM Simulation System

ATM simulation system is a simple Java project for beginners. It is a kind of personal banking system where users can perform various transactions like withdrawals, deposits, and checking the balance of the account in just one click. It has a Graphical User Interface (GUI) to make the process user-friendly. 

Abstract: The introduction of the application came up with two features which have an admin mode and the user mode. The admin mode is responsible for controlling the entire system like adding and deleting accounts and updating the records of the user. The user-mode takes care of the deposit, withdrawal, and checking of the account balance. The whole process of this system is automated, from PIN (Personal Identification Number) validation to the transaction. The card details will be secured enough by encrypting the details in the database and will only be accessible to the authorized user. The UI of the application contains a profile of the user, accounts added to it, and an option to withdraw, deposit and update details of the account. 

Technologies Required: Java, J2EE, Apache Tomcat Web Server, and Oracle.

10. Airline Reservation System

This Java project is built to help the customers book tickets online, check the availability of seats, get the details of the flight arrival, select the class they want to choose, and departures reserve seats for national or international flights. 

Abstract: This web-based Java project helps you in searching from pick-up location to destination, and filters out the flight details with timing, and available seats. It consolidates data from all airlines using globally distributed systems. After entering all the required details of the customer, it asks you to choose a flight with a preferred time slot, complete the payment, and book the ticket. It provides rates in real-time to customers as well as to travel agents. It also has two sections where you get to book a national and an international flight wherein you can book a domestic or international flight as per your choice. 

Technologies Required: Core Java, HTML, JavaScript, and SQL Database.

11. Smart City Project (City Guide Project)

Smart City is a web-based application built using Java. It stores details of a city and displays information about the city such as hotels, shopping marts, restaurants, tourist places, transportation modes, and also some general info. This acts as a guide to the new visitors.

Abstract: Tourists and even general people travel from one place to another in order to explore or for employment purposes but before they explore, they want to get an insight data about the place. So, to help them with this, a simple city project can be the best guide for them. It is a web-based application written in Java which basically guides you about the place you’re going to visit. You can access all the details of the city. In this application, users need to sign up by entering input details and then can access all the required details of the city. It contains various modules like admin, tourism, business, and student wherein users can switch to the module as per the requirement.  

Technologies Required: Java, JDBC ODBC 2.0 drivers, Oracle Database, J2EE, AJAX, and XML.

12. A Text-Based Adventure Game

A Text-Based Adventure game, built using Java and Data Structures is an interesting game where the player follows the commands given to him. This web-based gaming app is often referred to as interactive fiction.  

Abstract: This game has a central character called the “Adventurer” which is like an object who represents the player. With the help of the object, tracking of the actual player can be made easy, also can find where the player is. The role of the adventurer is to type the commands which consist of one or two words. The commands which have to be followed can be Go, Look, Take, Drop, Use, and Exit. It contains the following classes TextAdventure, AdventureModel, Adventurer, and a number of rooms. 

Technologies Required: Java programming language, Java objects and classes, and Array and Hashmaps.

13. Grading System in Java

This project built using Java is an important one to grade students based on their markings. It is the best project to start for beginners and has a GUI (Graphical User Interface) design. 

Abstract: The main aim to build this project is to help schools and universities to manage the details of the students (like name, class, total subjects, marks achieved, etc) and rank them on the basis of marks. It manages the calculation of the average marks achieved and ranks the student on the basis of marks. It stores the data of students in a MySQL database. The project is built on Java and has a fully GUI (Graphical User Interface). It has all the features like managing the records of students, integrating all records of examinations, displaying all the information, and keeping a track of it. 

Technologies Required: Java, Java Swing, MySQL Database, and JPanel.

14. School Management System 

The School Management System is a Java application that stores records of schools be it related to students, teachers, and staff. 

Abstract: This application’s objective is to help the school management system in managing the data easily. The manual system could be a complicated one when it comes to keeping the records so, there comes the role of this project. It holds personal records of students, teachers, and staff. This system contains modules for different roles be it admin, student, staff, and teacher. Here, the admin has to be responsible for maintaining the records in the database like adding users, updating the details of the user, and deleting the user’s profile. 

Technologies Required: Java, MS Access database, Java Swing, Java Graphical User Interface (GUI), and JFrame.

15. Pharmacy Management System

Pharmacy Management System is a web-based application built using Java that offers you the facility to order medicines, consult doctors and keep track of all your orders online by just signing up with a registered mail id. 

Abstract: This application is of great help to the users who regularly goes for body check-up because this application gives you the comfort of consulting with a doctor at your comfort place. It comes with an excellent and friendly user interface comes with an automated billing system. It has an integrated chat feature where you can consult with a doctor regarding your health and it also tells you details of medicines and you can also track the status of ordered items. 

Technologies Required: Java, Java Swing, AWT, JDBC, and MySQL Database.

16. Supermarket Billing System

This web-based application is a Java project that is usually built for keeping the sales recording made on a daily basis. It uses a MySQL database for recording the data of the users, products, and orders made by the user (customer). 

Abstract: The web-based Java application is implemented to keep a record of the products, status of the products orders, and user’s history. This UI is made in terms that it displays records of bills made on that particular day, items added to the new bill also have an automated system that calculates the bill with GST and other applied taxes and has a print button to print the copy statement of the bill. It has an admin module that is responsible for adding, updating, or deleting records of the bill. It maintains a database to store the items list, categories, and buyers list.

Technologies Required: Java, JDBC, MySQL Database, JSP, JavaScript, servlet, HTML and Ajax.

17. Online Quiz Management System

You must have definitely used this application during your school days when you were asked to attend an MCQ-based test. This Online Quiz Management System can be built using Java which contains different sections for questions, marks, and subjects.

Abstract: This Java-based project is online software that is a kind of an online platform for conducting mock tests and competitions. The UI is built in such a way that it displays the login button where the user has to sign in to begin the test, followed by entering the details of the test (which could be a unique key), then it displays the no of questions, time duration, and a “START” button to start the test. After completing the test, it asks you to review the answers and then submit it using the “SUBMIT” button. The admin module gives you access to the user’s profile. 

Technologies Required: Java, J2EE, MySQL Database, and JDBC.

18. HelpDesk Management System

HelpDesk Management System built using Java, Servlet, and MySQL is a project made with the intention to help individuals raise a complaint regarding a ticket issued to them. It uses the MVC architecture design and Servlet can manage the request and response made. 

Abstract: You face an issue, you raise a complaint, and a ticket ID is generated which can be used as a reference to resolve the issue. This application can be used in society, schools, organizations, and even in public places where people facing any kind of issues can register a complaint using the application. As soon you raise a complaint, a notification goes to the admin who verifies it and then reverts back to you after rectifying the issue. It includes features like Track, Issue, Ticket ID, Help Desk, Network, and Issues. It contains an admin and user module.

Technologies Required: Java, J2EE, HTML, JavaScript, MySQL database, Tomcat Server, JDBC, and Servlet.

19. Notes and Password Manager

This application is similar to a To-Do List app which helps you to complete your daily tasks and keep track of ongoing tasks. It also has a password for the users to log in to keep the data secure. 

Abstract: This application is of great help when individuals have a lot of tasks to perform where some of them have to be done on priority. This application keeps a track of your daily tasks and helps you in completing them. This can be used by individuals and even by organizations to manage daily tasks. This saves their time as it stores their data in a centralized database for each user. The steps to follow are setting up the details, authenticating it with an authorized user, and managing notes and passwords. It comes with basic functionalities such as a login page, home page, note page, and updating details on the note page. 

Technologies Required: Java, Android, XML, and Firebase.

20. Supply Chain Management System

Supply Chain Management System is a Java project for beginners where different operations such as inventory, storing, handling, and moving raw and finished goods to the final destination are completed. 

Abstract: This project helps enterprises to move materials from source to destination. It is generally used by the production sector where sellers can add and update the details of the goods and the buyers can contact them regarding the booking of orders. Buyers can also check the availability of the goods and keep track of the status. It uses MS Access as a back-end, Apache Tomcat as a server, and HTML and CSS to design its front-end with Java. The main objective of this application is to avoid the communication gap between dealers and clients. There’s also a feedback feature for the goods received. 

Technologies Required: Java, JDBC, JSP, HTML, and MS-Access Database

Intermediate Level Java Projects Ideas

The below-given list consists of some intermediate-level Java project ideas which can be used as major projects by the students or professionals.

21. Virtual Private Network (VPN) for an Office

Virtual Private Network (VPN) developed using Java can be your minor or major project. It works the same as WAN (Wide Area Network), and provides a private network across the public, for example, the Internet. A point-to-point virtual connection through traffic encryption, virtual tunneling protocols, or dedicated connections. 

Abstract: This application built using Java provides a secure and private connection to the organizations. It can be used on office premises, as private networks and it can also be the best means to share information. This project also has three modules which are admin and marketing where the admin’s role is to handle the data stored of the members and the training module checks for the testing and networking part, and the marketing. 

Technologies Required: Java, Java Servlet, J2EE, Apache Tomcat Server, HTML, and JavaScript.

22. Flappy Bird Game

Flappy bird game is a very simple Java-based gaming app in which the main character (which is the bird) has to reach the final destination after crossing all the hurdles. The use of the swing component in Java is perfect in this case.

Abstract: In this gaming application, the player has to control the movement of the bird. The fabby bird only ascends when there’s a tap by the player and descends the rest of the time. The count increase by 1 when the fabby bird passes one hurdle, also the time duration is counted. There shouldn’t be a collision with any hurdle, or else the game ends. 

Technologies Required: Java, Java Swing, Java AWT, and OOPS.

23. Scientific Calculator in Java

A Scientific calculator built using Java is a general-purpose application whose primary objective is to perform basic mathematical operations and also perform some essential and tricky solutions to trigonometric functions, logarithms, etc. 

Abstract: Here, Java Swing can be used to implement this project. It performs mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, trigonometric operations, finding log values, etc. You get buttons to enter the input value and give the output within a second. In the program’s code, the use of switch cases can be seen to perform operations as per the case. The Scanner class can be used to take input from java.util package. 

24. Simple Search Engine

You search for anything using a search engine so building a simple search engine can be one of the best projects. Applying a ranking algorithm can give better results.

Abstract: Simple Search Engine is a Java application developed using Servlets, SQL Server, and Oracle database.  It can include features like a search bar, which displays the top 30 websites related to the keyword searched. The database containing resource description is described in SOIF (Summary Object Interchange Format) format. The interaction with the search server to access the database is dependent on the Java interface provided by classes in Java SDK. Your search engine contains a history of the pages you searched for, pages visited in the past few days, accounts linked with it, etc. 

Technologies Required: Java, Java Servlet, Oracle or SQL Database, JDBC, Apache Tomcat, and JSP.

25. Online Voting System

An online Voting System built using JSP and Servlet can be the best project for college students. This project is designed to automate the voting process where multiple parties are added and then with the maximum votes, a leader is chosen. 

Abstract: The main objective to build this web-based application is to reduce the time at the voting booth. The UI has different sections which display a login page to enter the portal, different parties with their symbol, an option to choose among them, and then to submit the entry. It uses HTML, CSS, and bootstrap in the front-end, MySQL is the database used, and also it uses an MVC design pattern. The user has to vote for the preferred party anonymously, but the voter’s information and total votes will be stored in the database. 

Technologies Required: Java, JSP, HTML, CSS, MySQL, and Tomcat Apache Server.

26. Online Book Store 

Online Book Store is an application that displays lists of books available in the store where you can purchase or even return them. You can check for the value of the book and buy it by sitting in your comfort place. 

Abstract: The application created using Java allows users to purchase a book by checking for the availability of the book. The user has to sign up, check for the book, enter the credit card details, complete the payment and order the book. There are two modules in this application – the admin and the user. The admin is responsible for the entry of details and the user makes orders. Also, you can see the categories of the book such as Software, History, English, Science, etc. All the CRUD operations are performed by the admin.

Technologies Required: Java, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Java Servlet, MySQL, and Tomcat server.  

27. CGPA Calculator in Java

This CGPA Calculator built using Java is a web-based application that is of great help to university students. It can be built as a major project during your college days. 

Abstract: This project can be built on eclipse using Maven and uses MVC architecture. It uses MySQL to store the data. This application creates a mark sheet for students and then calculates the CGPA. Here, also the admin is held responsible for entering the details, managing the user details, etc. In the UI, you can view a search key to enter the enrollment number and you get the details displayed in seconds. All the marks for the subjects are given semester-wise. When marks of all the subjects are entered, calculated CGPA will be auto-generated. 

Technologies Required: Java, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, JSP, Java Servlet, MVC, Maven, MySQL, and Tomcat server.

28. Snake Game in Java

Remember, those days when you used to play the snake game on Nokia mobile phones. This snake game can be implemented fully using Java and uses a database using MySQL. It has all the functionalities with a full-featured Graphical User Interface (GUI). 

Abstract: The application was built long years back and gained a lot of popularity within a few months. The game starts with a snake whose size increases with the no of apples eaten by it and the life of the snake ends when it gets collided with a wall or any kind of hurdle which comes in the way. So, basically, the more apple snake eats, the more score you get. The navigation is like a snake can turn left or right by ninety degrees. A constructor can be used to start the movement of a snake and a function to perform various other operations. 

Technologies Required: Java, MySQL Database, JDBC, Java AWT, J-Frame, and Java Swing.

29. Job Portal in Java 

One thing which comes to your mind when you complete your graduation is getting a job. So, building a job portal for individuals where after entering the qualifications, the user gets the opportunity to enroll himself/herself for the job preferred. 

Abstract: The main objective of the online job portal project in java is to make the right job available for the right candidate. The admin, the recruiter, and the user are the three most vital parts of this application. Here, as soon as you enter the details or qualifications pursued by you, the recruiter verifies it and takes the further procedure ahead. The process includes verifying the details, contacting the concerned person, having all the interviews done, and receiving an offer letter. The database (which can be MongoDB) stores the data of the user. The user performs CRUD operations and deletes the profile as soon as the user gets a job. 

Technologies Required: Java, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, JSP, Java Servlet, MySQL Database, and Tomcat server.

30. Online Cab Booking System 

Ola and Uber are the online cab booking system that almost every one of us has become used. So building such a Java application would be the best idea. 

Abstract: In this project, the main objective is to help customers in booking a cab to reach their destination with pick-up as their preferred location. The application fetches your pick-up location and asks you to enter the drop location, when entered, finds a cab driver nearby and even tells you the calculated time the cab will take to drop you at the location. The system is designed using Spring MVC, Servlets, Hibernate, JDBC, JSP, HTML, and CSS. 

Technologies Required: Java, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, JSP, JDBC, Java Spring, Java Servlet, MySQL, and Tomcat Server.

31. Crime Records Management System

Based on the number of crimes being committed, this crime record management system is a secured application built using Java. It allows you to keep a record of the entries made of the number of crimes being committed. 

Abstract: This Java-based web application runs on a Tomcat server and uses MySQL as a database. Its main features include managing crimes, Handling FIRs, records of criminals, and complaints registered. You can develop a secured application using EJB, Spring, and Hibernate. You need MySQL database to run this project and MySQL J-Connector to make connections between MySQL and Java. 

Technologies Required: Java, JSP, JDBC, MySQL, and Tomcat Server.

32. Color Hunt Gaming Project

This Java-based gaming application is a mind game consisting of differently-colored letters which are randomly arranged. It is a kind of mind game that is built with the intention to increase your thought process. 

Abstract: Basically, in this game, there are different colors printed on the text, whatever statement gets displayed, you have to click on the mentioned color. As soon as you click on one, the other comes suddenly. You lose points when you don’t click on the color displayed. There’s also a time limit given in which you have to reach a given number of points. This game is built in such a way that it can only be played on android phones.  

Technologies Required: Java, Android, and XML.

33. Online CV/Resume Builder

You’re ready to apply for a job but don’t have an interesting CV/which perfectly shows your skills and qualifications. Online CV/Resume Builder comes to the rescue where just by entering required details you’ll get your CV/Resume in pdf format which is auto-generated. 

An online resume builder project is an internet-based application that can help students and other professionals to get an instant resume template, which they can fill easily with their credentials. An online resume builder provides different standard templates that can be downloaded in different formats like PDF and others. A user will not have to spend a lot of time on formatting and designing his or her resume. He will only enter his particulars and download his CV on the go.

Abstract: The online resume/cv builder application helps job seekers to build a CV with a proper format. It has different templates to choose from wherein you can opt for the best one. This application contains various modules which are user, skills, job, salary, and resume. Using these modules, different sections of a CV are made and after entering the details you get a properly organized CV.

Technologies Required: Java, MySQL Database, JDBC, Java Servlet, JSP, and Tomcat Server.

34. Weather Information System

This application tells you the weather-related information about your location and also of other locations. This Java-based application can be the best project for your minor project submission.

Abstract: Due to the change in weather, we can predict whether it’s going to be a rainy day, sunny day, or cold day. But sometimes, all of a sudden you see climate change. With the help of a weather information system which is a Java-based project, you can get to know the temperature not only your but also worldwide. The application picks up the default location and displays the weather data report. It tells you the temperature, rain, humidity, and even the direction of the wind blowing. 

Technologies Required: Java, Java Servlet, J2EE, Tomcat Server, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

35. Exam Seating Arrangement System

Exam Seating Arrangement System, the application implemented using JSP, Java, and MySQL. This application will help the examination handling manager to organize the allocation of seats for all the students. 

Abstract: This application takes in the details of the students be it name, roll no, section, branch, or year and stores it in databases. The admin is held responsible for managing the details, here the application is made to automate the seats allocates to students and this final list goes out on the day of examination which helps in not getting the seats revealed prior. The modules existing here are the student module, admin module, and seat module. This automated system helps in maintaining the record and proper functioning of the system.

Technologies Required: Java, HTML, CSS, JSP, JavaScript, MySQL, and Tomcat Server.

36. Traffic Controller System

The Traffic Controller System is a Java JSP and MySQL-based project, which is developed for process automation of the Traffic Controller System.

Abstract: The objective of this application is to create a system that controls the traffic which is done by implementing a set of classes and interfaces. The main features can be traffic lights, routes, diversions, and traffic police. It is a secured application that runs in the JVM. A GUI is created using JavaFX and classes for performing different operations such as the structure of the traffic network, and the main view of the system. The simulation is carried out to handle input and events that are being executed. 

37. Disaster Management System

Disaster Management System is a Java-based application that identifies and implements techniques for reducing the causes of the disaster and the losses faced. It can be the best project to avoid natural disasters. 

Abstract: Applications like this have four stages: mitigation, readiness, response, and recovery. Each process aims to reduce the risks occurred due to natural disasters like earthquakes, tsunamis, etc. The process follows when there’s a report submitted by the affected region, the data is collected and reported to the concerned authority to take measures. It is a web-based Java Swing project which stores data in MySQL for future references. The UI can have a login page, lists of earthquakes that happened, a new user page, and a user list. 

Memory Game – Flipping Tiles

Technologies Required: Java, Java Swing, JSP, JDBC, MySQL, and Java Servlet.

38. I-D Card Generator System

ID Card Generator System is a web-based Java project which uses the Swing library. It generates an ID of the entered details of the individuals and gives you a copy of it. 

Abstract: Application like this can be used in schools and offices where you require an ID card to enter the premises. In this project, you just need to log in and enter your personal details like name, age, blood group, designation, and the joining date, when you enter the required details, you get a copy of the ID card. The features can be storing the data in the database, having a unique identification number assigned to each individual, and no forgery allowed. 

Technologies Required: Java, Java Servlet, Java Swing, JSP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, JDBC, MySQL, and Tomcat Server.

39. Memory Game – Flipping Tiles

Memory Game is a mind game where you have to remember the position of tiles placed earlier and re-assign them within the stipulated time. This game is implemented to play with your mind and bring the best.

Abstract: This Java-based gaming application is built using Swing. This game’s intention is to test our memory, here, we see an even number of tiles in which each number has a pair. All the tiles are kept facing downwards, all the tiles have to be flipped one by one, and when two tiles get matched they are removed from the tile. When there’s no match, the tiles are kept back in position. 

Technologies Required: Java, Java Swing, Java OOPS, and ArrayLists in Java.

40. Chat Application

Chat application has gained great popularity among individuals these days. This is similar to Instagram, Facebook, and Orkut. 

Abstract: This online chat application using Java uses graphical components in the Swing toolkit in Java and uses MySQL as a database. Its features include signing up, signing in, chatting, sending and accepting requests, and creating groups. You can also create a free account. It also checks whether there’s any fake account and gives no access to the user. 

Technologies Required: Java, Java Swing toolkit, MySQL, Java AWT, and JDBC. 

Advanced Level Java Projects Ideas

The below-given list consists of some advanced-level Java project ideas which can be used as major projects by the students or professionals.

41. Social Networking Site

Social Networking Site has gained a lot of popularity among individuals. It is Java JSP and MySQL project, running on the tomcat server. The management of users, photos, and videos are taken care of by this system. 

Abstract: The application has many features including a login page, a home page displaying all the posts by friends added to your account, a notification page displaying all the alerts, and a profile page where you can edit the details, and also upload a picture of yours. It uses HTTP requests to complete the operation which is being sent to the server. The process that the server follows is decoding the request, authenticating the user, and making changes to the database. JSON is used here to encode the result if found anything other than boolean.

Technologies Required: Java, Maven, J2EE, HTML, CSS, Java Servlet, JDBC, MySQL, and Tomcat Server.

42. Bug Tracking System

A system that keeps track of bugs that occurred during the development of a project. This Java-based application is created to help developers to manage bugs/errors occurring during SDLC. 

Abstract: Bug Tracking System is an application that focuses majorly on tracking the bug and changing its status. When the developer gets the help of a bug tracking system, he/she gets an assistant to help him/her during SDLC. The modules present in this can be the developer, admin, and management modules. The system records all the bugs in their detail so that the developer can work on them one by one. 

Technologies Required: Java, JDBC, JNDI, Servlets, JSP, Oracle/Access, RetHat JBoss AS, JavaScript, HTML, and CSS.

43. Text Editor in Java

Text Editor built using Java is similar to a notepad application. You can also create text documents and the system gives you the feature to edit the text entered in it. 

Abstract: A Text Editor built using Java uses JTextArea, JMenu, JMenuItems, and JMenuBar to perform various tasks. It allows the user to enter, change, store, and print text. It also has a file menu to make changes in files (like open, save, close, and print) for future references. and an edit menu to cut, copy and paste texts. Also, it has a “Save and Submit” button to close the file after saving the data. An actionListener is also used to detect actions in the project. 

Technologies Required: Java, Java Swing, Java AWT, JTextArea, JMenuBar, JMenu, and JMenuItems.

44. Digital Steganography

Security is a major concern be it in organizations, military, hospitals, schools, etc where data plays an important role. Keeping the data secure is much needed and here is a Java-based project for advanced programmers which is digital steganography. 

Abstract: Digital Steganography is the process in which data is sent from one point to another without affecting other users and also keeps the data secure. It uses multimedia as a covering medium. It embeds the text or image and stores it in the least significant bits of the image. It doesn’t even create suspense for the hackers. This is the best project advanced programmers on Java can work on. It contains both sender and receiver side programs to let the user choose whether to send or receive data. 

Technologies Required: Java, Java Servlet, MySQL or Oracle Database, JDBC, TomCat Server, JSP, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

45. Criminal Face Detection System

The Criminal Face Detection System application is built to detect the faces of criminals by matching them with the pre-existing data in the database. Although, there are so many ways to identify a criminal this could be the best way, and also building this project for advanced programmers is easy.

Abstract: The project is intended to use the images previously taken and identification will be done according to images taken of different people. This project aims to build an automated CFD system by levering the human ability to recall minute details in the facia. The criminal Face Detection System project aims to build a Criminal Face Detection system by levering the human ability to recall minute facial details. Identification of criminals at the scene of a crime can be achieved in many ways like fingerprinting, DNA matching, or eyewitness accounts. Out of these methods, eyewitness accounts are preferred because it stands scrutiny in court and it is a cost-effective method. It is possible that witnesses to a crime have seen the criminal though in most cases it may not be possible to completely see the face of the perpetrator.

Tip: We can also get this project done in Python language even better because of help of existing present libraries out there namely numpy and other tools: Keras. It will be easier to do in python language but doing via java makes one crystal clear about networking, machine mearning and java aplllciation onboard running concepts clear.  

Technologies Required: TensorFlow, Core java, Machine learning, SQlite, OpenCV(eccentric tool), Strong knowledge of advanced java concepts.

46. Airline Reservation System with Advanced Features

With the increase in modernization, everything has come online. This application helps customers book flight tickets by just being at their comfort place and also searching for the availability, and timing of the flight. 

Abstract: To ease and automate the registration process system provides information like passengers information and a criminal list of all passengers. The software consists of 4 modules: User registration, login, reservation, and cancelation. The project includes online transaction fares, inventory, and e-ticket operations. Do remember not to mix it with Library Management System as here we have to go to and perform something where here it is a process. Yes, it seems easy on the skills side as mentioned below which are required.

Prerequisites Required: By far we are aware of Applets, Servers, Servlets, AWT, and Core Java concepts already with Collection Framework. 

Technologies Required- Core Java, Java Swing, Java AWT, Java Applet, Database-MySQL    

47. Advanced Chatting Application 

When everything has come online, chatting is also performed online be it your online friends or anyone. Hence, this advanced chatting application has advanced features like smooth communication with video and audio call facilities, and many more.

Abstract: There is not only one system rather we dop have multiple systems connected together. Client and Server communication takes place instead of basic request-based communication. This application will need to communicate through Sockets . The server and client can run on different computers in the same network. There can be multiple clients connected to a server and they can chat with each other. These days with every application, we are having a feature ‘Help’ to chat with a bot right from traveling apps such as Ola, and Uber to food apps such as Zomato, and Swiggy, this chatbox is embedded in every.   

Sockets are something new that one has to learn here in adhering to the advancement of the project because they will be used for networking, and TCP/IP protocols so communication can be built.  

Technologies Required: Core Java, Java Network-based libraries, Java Sockets, File handling, and Exception Handling.

48. Customer-Relationship Manager 

It is a bit tedious but an easy pick among advanced-level java projects. It is also one of the most important projects as CRN is used by nearly all organizations, institutions,s or any software company as well to keep updated with the records. Do not confuse it with working just with awt and core java, as here we need to fetch it over a larger dataset in real-time for which we need to inculcate tools like Hibernate, MVC, CSS, JDBC, etc. Do create in a high-tech way invoking the above tools so that internal working of such tools can be perceived.

Abstract: It is the easiest of all projects at the advanced level as the name suggests that we have to build an application where we will be building relationships with customers by adding new customers in software, editing, and deleting the info whenever needed. The customer relations manager will keep track of all the customers. Adding new customers, editing their information, and deleting them when needed. Fetching already recorded customer details whenever required. 

Technologies Required: Spring Framework, Hibernate, HTML, CSS, JDBC, CRUD, MVC, and DB(MySQL) 

49. Email System

A great medium to conversate in an official way is through e-mails. Email system implemented using Java is of great value to organizations. So, advanced programmers can focus on the implementation of this project 

The project functions something like this – the ISP’s (Internet Service Provider) mail server handles the emails sent from an ISP. All the sent emails first come to the mail server, after which they are processed and forwarded to the collector’s destination where another mail server is located.

The mail server on the collector side receives the incoming emails and sorts them electronically in the inbox. Now, the recipient can use their email application to view the received emails. The entire transaction occurs by directly connecting to the mail server through the program, which makes it much safer than the existing email client software.

Abstract: This Email System is designed for sending and receiving emails for official communication which has a proper format. This system can use HTTP port 80 to access emails, also the two main protocols which can be used are SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) and POP3. Java mail API can be used to transfer data. The ISP mail server receives all the mail sent, processes it, and then forwards it to the destined address. 

It is one of good project ideas among advance level project as it is of hard nut among projects we have discussed above and it will take a lot of time to properly build it. 

Technologies Required: Event Handler, HTTP, Protocols (like SMTP and POP3), 

50.  Advance Sudoku Game 

Sudoku Game is something which almost every one of us must have played. This game is all related to logic-building so once you play this, it gets easy for you to build logic so building this application is of great use.

Abstract: Building the same common sudoku game but with help of JavaFX. Generating a new game from a solution, keeping track of user input. Checking user input against the generated solution. Keeping track of selected numbers will be necessary for some of the functions and also the ability to check for errors and give hints in which we can invoke trained models from larger datasets from machine learning and artificial intelligence.    

Technologies Required: Core Java , Java FX , Event Listeners , MVC, Collection API

FAQs on Java Projects

Q.1 why use java.

Java is simple to learn programming language because doesn’t contain concepts like : Pointers and operator overloading and it is secure and portable.

Q.2 What is the difference between C++ and Java?

C++ JAVA C++ is platform dependent. Java is platform-independent. C++ uses a compiler only. Java uses a compiler and interpreter both. C++ support pointers and operator overloading. Java doesn’t support pointers and operator overloading concepts. C++ does not support the multithreading concept. Java supports the multithreading concept.

Q3: What are some good Java projects for beginners?

Here are the top 5 Java projects for beginners: Simple Calculator : Create a basic calculator application that performs arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Address Book : Build an address book application that allows users to add, view, update, and delete contact information. Tic-Tac-Toe Game : Develop a simple console-based tic-tac-toe game where two players can take turns marking their moves on a grid. Hangman Game : Implement a text-based hangman game where players guess letters to reveal a hidden word. Temperature Converter: Design a program that converts temperatures between Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin scales. These projects are beginner-friendly and provide a solid foundation in Java programming concepts.

Q4: What kind of projects is Java used for?

Java is used for a wide range of projects, including web development, Android app development, enterprise software, big data processing, scientific computing, and financial applications.

Q5: Is Java worth learning in 2023?

Yes, learning Java in 2023 is highly beneficial due to its wide usage in enterprise applications, Android development, and strong community support. Java remains a valuable skill with abundant job opportunities and a versatile ecosystem.

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In the first lesson of the case study we look at a project proposal for a Java based project. We start by looking at information gathered from the stake holder who we shall call 'Stocking Goods Limited' and how this can be translated into a multi tiered user application fit for purpose.

Project Proposal  Top

Stocking Goods Limited are a wholesaler of general goods that are stocked from various locations around the country. Each day they stock the goods required to fulfill orders from customers invoices. Currently this is achieved by several clerks who tally up invoices and call the various manufacturers who stock the goods required.

As the company has grown and the number of invoices and stock to order has increased, the manual user processes are becoming more error prone and Stocking Goods Limited want a new user system to automate invoice calculation and stock purchasing. They have decided that the invoice calculation processes are more involved and can be deferred to the second phase of automation. For the initial phase of the project they want the stock purchasing side of the business automated.

Information forwarded by Stocking Goods Limited includes the file structure of the Manufacturer data file whose format musn't be changed and an interface that must be implemented without amendments. The reasoning behind this is that another project group are working in tandem on a reporting system and Stocking Goods Limited have provided both projects with the format of a Manufacturer data file and a Stock interface that must be implemented as is.

The project will be written using Java technology only and must implement the following features:

• "client" - Run the application in non-networked mode so that access to the Manufacturer data file from the GUI runs in the same JVM and doesn't include any networking or serialization of objects.
• "" (no argument) - Run the application in networked mode so that access to the Manufacturer data file from the GUI runs in a different JVM and includes networking and serialization of objects.
• "server" - Run the application in server mode with functionality that provides the logic for displaying configurable objects and starting and exiting the server in a safe manner.
• Search functionality should include the capability to search by name, by location, by name and location or search all records.
• Stocking orders should only occur once. If the amount entered is wrong the goods will have to be unstocked and the correct stock order reentered.
• Stocking Goods Limited do not anticipate more than one program having concurrent access to the Manufacturer data file as the reporting system will be run in batch overnight. So our locking only needs to deal with multiple concurrent clients using the server.
• We write doc comments in HTML and these must precede a class, field, constructor or method declaration. Doc comments are made up of a description followed by block tags which are the names of parameters, return types, pointers etc. (@param, @return, and @see are examples of block tags).

Manufacturer File Format  Top

Stocking Goods Limited have provided us with the format of the Manufacturer data file they want us to use although there is no test file provided. We will have to create a Manufacturer test file ourselves which we do in Create Manufacturer Test File in the next lesson.

Stocking Goods Limited have requested that we create a class representing the record information within the Manufacturer file called unsuprisingly Manufacturer as they see a lot of future reuse of this file and it will also be helpful when implementing the Stock interface.

A Manufacturer object should be a representation of the Manufacturer file record information in an object oriented framework, allowing easy access to fields.

Stock Interface  Top

The following Stock interface will be used in other projects and so must be implemented as is. The interface provides the contract for the CRUD operations for the Manufacturer file as well as templates for the search and locking/unlocking mechanisms.

Stocking Goods Limited have also included doc comments for the interface which are written in HTML and can be turned into a document at a later date using the javadoc tool. As requested by the stakeholder, we will have to also provide doc comments for all class, field, constructor and method declarations.

Proposal Conclusions  Top

After reading through the information supplied to us by Stocking Goods Limited we can draw certain conclusions:

• We will be using a package called model to store the supplied Stock interface in.
• We will need to implement the Stock interface and shall call the implementation class StockImpl .
• A situation might also arise where a user tries to stock goods that have already been stocked by another user and if this happens we will need to throw an exception which we will call StockingException .
• The Manufacturer file, Stocking Goods Limited have asked us to create, will also go in the model package.
• We will also be creating a new GUI and will be accessing services locally and also remotely using RMI-JRMP . This scenario fits in well with the MVC pattern and so we will use this pattern for the project.
• As we are using the MVC pattern we will place all our GUI code into a client package.
• As we are using RMI-JRMP and will have local and remote services we can place our controller code into services and RemoteServices packages.
• If we are running in "server" mode we will need to include a Swing panel to automate information gathering for the remote location of the Manufacturer file used as well as a port number. We can then use this information to create and register a remote connection using RMI-JRMP for our remote clients to connect to.
• We will need to seamlessly connect local or remote clients and therefore will have to include Swing panels to automate information gathering for the location of the Manufacturer file used as well as a port number if we are running remotely. If fact the file information is common to all three run modes so we can use the same Swing panel and include a port number where appropraite.
• Stocking Goods Limited hava requested functionality to search, stock and unstock the Manufacturer file and these services must be available to local and remote clients.

Lesson 1 Complete

That's it for the Scenario lesson in which we read a project proposal and made some conclusions from it.

Related Java Tutorials

Beginning Java - Primitive Variables Objects & Classes - Class Structure and Syntax Objects & Classes - Methods OO Concepts - Interfaces Exceptions - Declaring Exceptions API Contents - Inheritance - Using the package keyword Swing - Gui Concepts Swing - RMI

What's Next?

In the next lesson we setup up some directories for the project and create a Manufacturer test file.

Java Case Study

Project proposal, manufacturer file format, stock interface, proposal conclusions, model part 1 - exceptions, model part 1 - stock interface, model part 1 - manufacturer request, model part 1 - stock interface impl., view part 1 - design, view part 1 - gui classes, view part 1 - startup, view part 1 - run modes, controller part 1, model part 2, controller part 2 - impl. remote services, controller part 2 - implement services, view part 2 - validate run mode options, view part 2 - server classes, view part 2 - create manufacturer window, testing - model, testing - view, testing - controller, wrap up - javadoc documentation, wrap up - bundling our application, servlets/jsp case study, html/css case study, javascript/jquery case study.

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Java Examples

The best way to learn Java programming is by practicing examples. The page contains examples on basic concepts of Java. You are advised to take the references from these examples and try them on your own.

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• Java Program to Check Prime Number
• Java Program to Display Fibonacci Series
• Java Program to Create Pyramids and Patterns
• Java Program to Reverse a Number
• Java Program to Print an Integer (Entered by the User)
• Java Program to Add Two Integers
• Java Program to Multiply two Floating Point Numbers
• Java Program to Find ASCII Value of a character
• Java Program to Compute Quotient and Remainder
• Java Program to Swap Two Numbers
• Java Program to Check Whether a Number is Even or Odd
• Java Program to Check Whether an Alphabet is Vowel or Consonant
• Java Program to Find the Largest Among Three Numbers
• Java Program to Find all Roots of a Quadratic Equation
• Java Program to Check Leap Year
• Java Program to Check Whether a Number is Positive or Negative
• Java Program to Check Whether a Character is Alphabet or Not
• Java Program to Calculate the Sum of Natural Numbers
• Java Program to Find Factorial of a Number
• Java Program to Generate Multiplication Table
• Java Program to Find GCD of two Numbers
• Java Program to Find LCM of two Numbers
• Java Program to Display Alphabets (A to Z) using loop
• Java Program to Count Number of Digits in an Integer
• Java Program to Calculate the Power of a Number
• Java Program to Check Palindrome
• Java Program to Check Whether a Number is Prime or Not
• Java Program to Display Prime Numbers Between Two Intervals
• Java Program to Check Armstrong Number
• Java Program to Display Armstrong Number Between Two Intervals
• Java Program to Display Prime Numbers Between Intervals Using Function
• Java Program to Display Armstrong Numbers Between Intervals Using Function
• Java Program to Display Factors of a Number
• Java Program to Make a Simple Calculator Using switch...case
• Java Program to Check Whether a Number can be Expressed as Sum of Two Prime Numbers
• Java Program to Find the Sum of Natural Numbers using Recursion
• Java Program to Find Factorial of a Number Using Recursion
• Java Program to Find G.C.D Using Recursion
• Java Program to Convert Binary Number to Decimal and vice-versa
• Java Program to Convert Octal Number to Decimal and vice-versa
• Java Program to Convert Binary Number to Octal and vice-versa
• Java Program to Reverse a Sentence Using Recursion
• Java Program to calculate the power using recursion
• Java Program to Calculate Average Using Arrays
• Java Program to Find Largest Element of an Array
• Java Program to Calculate Standard Deviation
• Java Program to Add Two Matrix Using Multi-dimensional Arrays
• Java Program to Multiply Two Matrix Using Multi-dimensional Arrays
• Java Program to Multiply two Matrices by Passing Matrix to a Function
• Java Program to Find Transpose of a Matrix
• Java Program to Find the Frequency of Character in a String
• Java Program to Count the Number of Vowels and Consonants in a Sentence
• Java Program to Sort Elements in Lexicographical Order (Dictionary Order)
• Java Program to Add Two Complex Numbers by Passing Class to a Function
• Java Program to Calculate Difference Between Two Time Periods
• Java Code To Create Pyramid and Pattern
• Java Program to Remove All Whitespaces from a String
• Java Program to Print an Array
• Java Program to Convert String to Date
• Java Program to Round a Number to n Decimal Places
• Java Program to Concatenate Two Arrays
• Java Program to Convert Character to String and Vice-Versa
• Java Program to Check if An Array Contains a Given Value
• Java Program to Check if a String is Empty or Null
• Java Program to Get Current Date/Time
• Java Program to Convert Milliseconds to Minutes and Seconds
• Java Program to Add Two Dates
• Java Program to Join Two Lists
• Java Program to Convert a List to Array and Vice Versa
• Java Program to Get Current Working Directory
• Java Program to Convert Map (HashMap) to List
• Java Program to Convert Array to Set (HashSet) and Vice-Versa
• Java Program to Convert Byte Array to Hexadecimal
• Java Program to Create String from Contents of a File
• Java Program to Append Text to an Existing File
• Java Program to Convert a Stack Trace to a String
• Java Program to Convert File to byte array and Vice-Versa
• Java Program to Convert InputStream to String
• Java Program to Convert OutputStream to String
• Java Program to Lookup enum by String value
• Java Program to Compare Strings
• Java Program to Sort a Map By Values
• Java Program to Sort ArrayList of Custom Objects By Property
• Java Program to Check if a String is Numeric
• Java Program to convert char type variables to int
• Java Program to convert int type variables to char
• Java Program to convert long type variables into int
• Java Program to convert int type variables to long
• Java Program to convert boolean variables into string
• Java Program to convert string type variables into boolean
• Java Program to convert string type variables into int
• Java Program to convert int type variables to String
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• Java Program to convert double type variables to int
• Java Program to convert string variables to double
• Java Program to convert double type variables to string
• Java Program to convert primitive types to objects and vice versa
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• Java Program to Calculate the Execution Time of Methods
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• Java Program to Convert the InputStream into Byte Array
• Java Program to Load File as InputStream
• Java Program to Create File and Write to the File
• Java Program to Read the Content of a File Line by Line
• Java Program to Delete File in Java
• Java Program to Delete Empty and Non-empty Directory
• Java Program to Get the File Extension
• Java Program to Get the name of the file from the absolute path
• Java Program to Get the relative path from two absolute paths
• Java Program to Count number of lines present in the file
• Java Program to Determine the class of an object
• Java Program to Create an enum class
• Java Program to Print object of a class
• Java Program to Create custom exception
• Java Program to Create an Immutable Class
• Java Program to Check if two strings are anagram
• Java Program to Compute all the permutations of the string
• Java Program to Create random strings
• Java Program to Clear the StringBuffer
• Java Program to Capitalize the first character of each word in a String
• Java Program to Iterate through each characters of the string.
• Java Program to Differentiate String == operator and equals() method
• Java Program to Implement switch statement on strings
• Java Program to Calculate simple interest and compound interest
• Java Program to Implement multiple inheritance
• Java Program to Determine the name and version of the operating system
• Java Program to Check if two of three boolean variables are true
• Java Program to Iterate over enum
• Java Program to Check the birthday and print Happy Birthday message
• Java Program to Implement LinkedList
• Java Program to Implement stack data structure
• Java Program to Implement the queue data structure
• Java Program to Get the middle element of LinkedList in a single iteration
• Java Program to Convert the LinkedList into an Array and vice versa
• Java Program to Convert the ArrayList into a string and vice versa
• Java Program to Iterate over an ArrayList
• Java Program to Iterate over a HashMap
• Java Program to Iterate over a Set
• Java Program to Merge two lists
• Java Program to Update value of HashMap using key
• Java Program to Remove duplicate elements from ArrayList
• Java Program to Get key from HashMap using the value
• Java Program to Detect loop in a LinkedList
• Java Program to Calculate union of two sets
• Java Program to Calculate the intersection of two sets
• Java Program to Calculate the difference between two sets
• Java Program to Check if a set is the subset of another set
• Java Program to Sort map by keys
• Java Program to Pass ArrayList as the function argument
• Java Program to Iterate over ArrayList using Lambda Expression
• Java Program to Implement Binary Tree Data Structure
• Java Program to Perform the preorder tree traversal
• Java Program to Perform the postorder tree traversal
• Java Program to Perform the inorder tree traversal
• Java Program to Count number of leaf nodes in a tree
• Java Program to Check if a string contains a substring
• Java Program to Access private members of a class
• Java Program to Check if a string is a valid shuffle of two distinct strings
• Java Program to Implement the graph data structure
• Java Program to Remove elements from the LinkedList.
• Java Program to Add elements to a LinkedList
• Java Program to Access elements from a LinkedList.

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The Java Tutorials have been written for JDK 8. Examples and practices described in this page don't take advantage of improvements introduced in later releases and might use technology no longer available. See Java Language Changes for a summary of updated language features in Java SE 9 and subsequent releases. See JDK Release Notes for information about new features, enhancements, and removed or deprecated options for all JDK releases.

The switch Statement

Unlike if-then and if-then-else statements, the switch statement can have a number of possible execution paths. A switch works with the byte , short , char , and int primitive data types. It also works with enumerated types (discussed in Enum Types ), the String class, and a few special classes that wrap certain primitive types: Character , Byte , Short , and Integer (discussed in Numbers and Strings ).

The following code example, SwitchDemo , declares an int named month whose value represents a month. The code displays the name of the month, based on the value of month , using the switch statement.

In this case, August is printed to standard output.

The body of a switch statement is known as a switch block . A statement in the switch block can be labeled with one or more case or default labels. The switch statement evaluates its expression, then executes all statements that follow the matching case label.

You could also display the name of the month with if-then-else statements:

Deciding whether to use if-then-else statements or a switch statement is based on readability and the expression that the statement is testing. An if-then-else statement can test expressions based on ranges of values or conditions, whereas a switch statement tests expressions based only on a single integer, enumerated value, or String object.

Another point of interest is the break statement. Each break statement terminates the enclosing switch statement. Control flow continues with the first statement following the switch block. The break statements are necessary because without them, statements in switch blocks fall through : All statements after the matching case label are executed in sequence, regardless of the expression of subsequent case labels, until a break statement is encountered. The program SwitchDemoFallThrough shows statements in a switch block that fall through. The program displays the month corresponding to the integer month and the months that follow in the year:

This is the output from the code:

Technically, the final break is not required because flow falls out of the switch statement. Using a break is recommended so that modifying the code is easier and less error prone. The default section handles all values that are not explicitly handled by one of the case sections.

The following code example, SwitchDemo2 , shows how a statement can have multiple case labels. The code example calculates the number of days in a particular month:

Using Strings in switch Statements

In Java SE 7 and later, you can use a String object in the switch statement's expression. The following code example, StringSwitchDemo , displays the number of the month based on the value of the String named month :

The output from this code is 8 .

The String in the switch expression is compared with the expressions associated with each case label as if the String.equals method were being used. In order for the StringSwitchDemo example to accept any month regardless of case, month is converted to lowercase (with the toLowerCase method), and all the strings associated with the case labels are in lowercase.

Note : This example checks if the expression in the switch statement is null . Ensure that the expression in any switch statement is not null to prevent a NullPointerException from being thrown.

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Is Java Case-Sensitive? Explained with examples

Introduction

When it comes to programming languages, one of the most common questions asked is whether a particular language is case-sensitive or not. In the case of Java, the answer is yes, Java is case-sensitive. This means that the language distinguishes between upper-case and lower-case letters, and this distinction can have an impact on how your Java code runs.

Case-Sensitivity in Java

In Java, the case of a variable name, method name, or any other identifier is significant. This means that two identifiers that differ only in case are considered to be different entities. For example, the following two lines of code create two different variables:

While the two variable names are almost identical, they are actually different, and attempting to use the wrong variable name will result in a compilation error. Similarly, method names in Java are also case-sensitive. For example, the following code will not compile:

Again, while the two method names are very similar, they are actually different, and attempting to use the wrong method name will result in a compilation error.

String Comparisons

When it comes to comparing strings in Java, the case-sensitivity of the language can become particularly important. In Java, the equals() method is used to compare two strings for equality, taking into account both the contents and the case of the strings. For example:

In this case, the output would be "The two strings are not equal", because the two strings have different cases.

MECE Framework

To cover all the central topics of case-sensitivity in Java, we will use the MECE (Mutually Exclusive, Collectively Exhaustive) framework. The following topics are covered:

Mutually Exclusive

• What is case-sensitivity?
• How does Java handle case-sensitivity?
• What are the implications of case-sensitivity in Java?

Collectively Exhaustive

• Case-sensitivity in Java variables
• Case-sensitivity in Java methods
• Case-sensitivity in Java string comparisons

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