difference between phd and doctor of science

Doctor Of Science Vs Phd: What Are The Key Differences?

For those considering an advanced research degree, two options often come to mind – the Doctor of Science (DSc) and the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD). But what exactly is the difference between these two doctoral degrees?

In this comprehensive guide, we’ll examine the key distinctions between the DSc and PhD, from program focus and format to career outlook, so you can determine which advanced degree is the best fit for your goals.

If you’re short on time, here’s a quick answer: While both are research-focused doctoral degrees, the main differences lie in prestige, structure, and research focus . The DSc is seen as a higher-level degree compared to the PhD.

DSc programs are less structured, take longer to complete, and focus more on applying research to practice, while PhDs are more academic and theory-based.

Overview of the Doctor of Science Degree

The Doctor of Science (DSc) degree is a prestigious academic title awarded to individuals who have made significant contributions to their field of study. It is considered the highest level of academic achievement and is often seen as equivalent to a PhD.

However, there are some key differences between the two degrees.

What is a DSc?

A Doctor of Science degree is typically awarded in scientific or technical disciplines such as engineering, computer science, or natural sciences. It is a research-based degree that requires students to conduct extensive original research in their chosen field.

The focus of a DSc program is on advancing scientific knowledge and solving complex problems through research.

Unlike a PhD, which is more commonly awarded in social sciences, humanities, and some technical disciplines, the DSc is specifically designed for individuals who have already made significant contributions to their field and wish to further their expertise.

Program Format and Duration

The format and duration of DSc programs can vary depending on the university and field of study. However, most DSc programs are structured similarly to PhD programs, with a combination of coursework and research components.

On average, a DSc program can take anywhere from 3 to 5 years to complete, although this can vary depending on the student’s research progress and the requirements of their specific program.

Research Focus and Dissertation

The primary focus of a DSc program is on conducting original research that contributes to the advancement of scientific knowledge. Students are expected to undertake a significant research project and produce a dissertation that demonstrates their expertise in their chosen field.

The dissertation for a DSc program is typically more focused and specialized compared to a PhD dissertation. It may involve cutting-edge research, innovative methodologies, and the development of new theories or technologies.

It is important to note that the specific requirements for a DSc degree can vary between universities and disciplines. Some universities may require additional coursework or examinations in addition to the research component, while others may have specific requirements for publication or presentations at academic conferences.

Overview of the Doctor of Philosophy Degree

A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree is one of the highest academic achievements that individuals can pursue in their field of interest. It is a research-based degree that requires students to contribute original knowledge to their chosen field through an extensive dissertation.

The PhD degree is highly respected and is generally considered the standard qualification for pursuing a career in academia or research.

What is a PhD?

A PhD is an advanced degree that allows students to specialize in a specific area of study and conduct original research. It requires a significant amount of independent work and self-motivation. During their PhD journey, students are expected to develop critical thinking skills, conduct in-depth research, and contribute new knowledge to their field.

The degree is awarded based on the completion and successful defense of a dissertation, which is a lengthy and comprehensive research project.

PhD programs are typically full-time, although some universities offer part-time options for working professionals. The duration of a PhD program can vary depending on the field of study and the individual’s progress.

On average, it takes about 4 to 6 years to complete a PhD, but it can take longer for some students. The program usually consists of coursework, comprehensive exams, and the completion of a dissertation.

The main focus of a PhD program is the dissertation, which is a substantial piece of original research that contributes to the existing knowledge in the field. The topic of the dissertation is chosen by the student and is usually based on their research interests.

The dissertation requires students to demonstrate their ability to conduct independent research, critically analyze data, and present their findings in a clear and coherent manner. It is often a lengthy and time-consuming process, but it is also a valuable opportunity for students to make a significant contribution to their field.

Key Differences Between DSc and PhD Degrees

Prestige and perception.

When it comes to prestige and perception, both the Doctor of Science (DSc) and PhD degrees are highly respected and regarded in the academic community. However, there are some key differences in how these degrees are perceived in certain fields or regions.

The DSc degree is often associated with scientific and technical disciplines, such as engineering, computer science, and natural sciences. It is typically seen as a higher level of achievement and expertise in these fields.

On the other hand, the PhD degree is more commonly associated with humanities, social sciences, and some scientific disciplines. It is widely recognized as a research-based degree that demonstrates a deep understanding of a specific subject.

It is important to note that the perception of these degrees may vary across different countries and institutions. In some regions, the DSc degree may be more prevalent and preferred, while in others, the PhD degree may hold more weight.

Program Structure

The structure of DSc and PhD programs can vary depending on the institution and field of study. In general, both degrees require a significant amount of research and a dissertation or thesis as a culmination of the program.

PhD programs typically have a more structured curriculum, with required coursework and examinations in addition to the research component. These programs aim to provide students with a broad foundation in their field and develop their research skills.

On the other hand, DSc programs often focus more on the research aspect and may have fewer coursework requirements. These programs are designed for individuals who have already acquired a substantial amount of knowledge and experience in their field and wish to further their research expertise.

Research Focus and Application

The research focus and application of DSc and PhD degrees can also differ based on the field of study.

In DSc programs, the emphasis is often on applied research and the development of practical solutions to real-world problems. This degree is commonly pursued by professionals who are already working in industry or applied research settings and want to advance their knowledge and expertise in their specific field.

PhD programs, on the other hand, tend to have a more theoretical and academic focus. The research conducted in these programs often contributes to the broader knowledge and understanding of a particular subject.

PhD graduates typically pursue careers in academia, research institutions, or other scholarly settings.

Career Paths

Career paths for DSc and PhD graduates can vary depending on the field, industry, and individual goals.

Individuals with a DSc degree often find opportunities in industry, government agencies, and applied research settings. They may work as senior researchers, consultants, or experts in their field. The DSc degree is highly valued for its practical applications and the ability to solve complex problems.

PhD graduates, on the other hand, often pursue careers in academia as professors or researchers. They may also work in research and development roles in industry or government organizations. The PhD degree is highly regarded for its research and analytical skills, as well as the ability to contribute to the advancement of knowledge in a particular field.

In short, while both the DSc and PhD are advanced research degrees, there are some notable differences when it comes to prestige, flexibility, research focus, and career outcomes. Those wanting a more structured path that leads to academic research and teaching roles may find the PhD a better fit.

For individuals seeking a degree to support applied research and expert-level clinical practice, the DSc may be more aligned. Weighing your own research interests, career aspirations, and academic capabilities can help determine which of these prestigious doctoral degrees is right for you.

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Ph.D. vs. Doctorate: What are the Differences?

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For those who have a deep-seated attitude, pursuing a doctoral degree can be a tough yet beneficial journey. Currently enrolled in a doctorate program means that a person has already scooched over college admissions, went through high stake tests and exams, and finished all those research papers and long hours spent in university libraries hitting the books. While studying for a doctorate entails asserting oneself to an extensive amount of quality time and money , its significance and purpose usually pave the way to a lucrative end.

After having finished the Master’s Degree , students begin to think about their next step in their academic career. Then, paradoxically, while navigating through academia, they find themselves baffled by the immense terms and terminologies used to label specific degrees. Because the terms “Doctorate” and “Ph.D.” are somehow interlocked and overlap, and because “PhD” is sometimes used inconsistently, it can lead to considerable confusion. Ph.D. vs. Doctorate? You might wonder what their difference is, and why they are important. E xplaining what each of these terms stands for, the difference between them, and why they are valuable, can help you steer yourself down the right path from the outset.

Doctorate Degree vs. Ph.D.

At first glance, it is pretty easy to confuse these two terms. But it is important for everyone to be able to make a distinction between the two. In this article, we will discuss the difference between Ph.D. and Doctorate in detail in order to get rid of any confusion you may have. In the academic world, the terms Doctorate and Ph.D. are currently used interchangeably. Both of them are the top cap of the ladder. However, a doctorate is mostly used as an umbrella term covering many fields ranging from professional degrees, humanities, and scientific disciplines.

A Ph.D. or Doctor of Philosophy, on the other hand, is a subcategory of a doctoral degree, it is much more distinct and clear-cut and is usually narrower in nature encompassing only humanities and scientific fields. In plain English, when someone says they are enrolling on a doctoral degree, it means they are doing a Ph.D. in a specific field. So, technically, in common parlance, there is no difference between the two terms.

But at the other end of the spectrum, one should be careful not to confuse a professional doctoral degree with a Ph.D. The former is more practical and is designed to prepare students to apply existing knowledge to find solutions to real-life problems and has a direct application to a particular profession.

A Ph.D. is theoretical by nature and is more academic and research-focused. it is often fixed on disseminating knowledge by conducting authentic research which means reviewing and identifying gaps in current literature and evaluating the relevance of existing and emerging theories within a particular field.

What Is a Ph.D. Degree and Why Should You Go for It?

Students who acquire a Ph.D. are justly proud — they wear it as a badge of identity in the academic elite. Traditionally, a Ph.D. was associated with teaching, which from Latin licentia docendi meant “license to teach”. However, the concept of Ph.D. has been on shifting sands nowadays and has become a more general term that isn’t necessarily confined to teaching only.

The Value of a PhD

Obtaining a Ph.D. helps you capitalize on the emerging academic opportunities making you more easily identifiable to employers or businesses seeking to fill professional, higher-level job positions. Many of these career options, conversely, are not available to those who do not belong to the Ph.D. club. While pursuing a Ph.D. requires devoting a tremendous effort and time and making significant personal sacrifices pushing the boundaries of knowledge, it’s all in service of the area of study you’re most passionate and zealous about. Ultimately, once you’ve attained your Ph.D., you will have achieved the pinnacle of education— something not too many people have or are able to accomplish.

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A Guide to Choosing and Applying to Ph.D. Programs

Learn everything you need to know about selecting and applying to Ph.D. programs. Learn tips and tricks for a successful application and find your ideal program today!

What Is a Doctorate Degree?

A doctoral or doctorate degree is usually the most advanced degree one can earn in an academic discipline. Many pursue a doctorate degree to increase their professional credibility, be acknowledged as an expert in a specific field, and improve their resume.

A doctorate degree is a graduate-level credential that is usually earned after multiple years of graduate school. Earning a doctoral degree requires a significant level of research and work. In order to get this degree, one has to research a subject thoroughly, conduct new research and analysis, and provide a solution or interpretation into the field. But what types of doctoral degrees are available?

Types of Doctorate Degrees

There are two categories of doctorate degrees: an academic degree and a professional doctorate degree. An academic degree focuses on research, data analysis, and the evaluation of theory. A professional doctorate degree, on the other hand, is considered a terminal degree, which means that one has achieved the most advanced degree in the field. This degree is specifically designed for working professionals who want to grow in their careers.

Professional Doctorate Degrees

A professional doctorate is designed for working professionals who have experience in the field and want to increase their knowledge, improve their credibility, and advance their careers. This degree focuses on applying research to practical issues, coming up with interpretation and solutions, as well as designing effective professional practices within a particular field.

Professional doctoral degrees include:

Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)

The DBA degree is ideal for students who already have a general business background and are interested in delving deeper into the practical and theoretical aspects that underpin business education. More to the point, in DBA you will develop the ability to solve real-life problems, discover the relevant expertise to innovate and uphold complex business issues and so much more. Upon completion, DBA students will possess enhanced leadership and strategic skills as well as the tools to propel their careers in today’s marketplace. The Business Administration industry is keen on finding such graduates with business skills and this is indicated by the immense job positions currently available.

Doctor of Education (Ed.D.)

If you are interested in setting your eyes on creating lifelong learning among your students, making a positive influence in educational culture, contributing to the growing body of research in the education realm , or just enhancing your subject matter expertise, the Doctor of Education program ticks all the boxes. This degree maintains a rigorous approach in academic education that prepares graduates to showcase the skills and expertise to devise solutions in tackling the challenges in contemporary education practice and become transformational leaders in the industry.

Doctor of Computer Science (DCS)

The demand for computer scientists has reached its peak and it is among the most sought-after positions nowadays. With a degree in DCS, you will have the opportunity to design, apply innovative experiments, predict trends and, ultimately, develop a richer understanding and contribute to your area of expertise. After all, who doesn’t want an exciting and financially stable career?

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Doctor of Medicine (M.D.)

The Doctor of Medicine degree is designed to prepare you for various medical challenges in different settings nationally and internationally. This program will further develop your critical thinking and clinical reasoning skills required for safe, high-quality medical practices. It will also improve your leadership, communication, and teamwork skills for collaborative patient care.

Doctor of Optometry (O.D.)

This professional degree typically requires four years of study. It focuses on basic biological sciences such as anatomy and physiology, microbiology, neuroanatomy, and so on. This doctoral degree will prepare, educate, and train professionals to practice at the highest level of proficiency, professionalism, and integrity.

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

The Doctoral of Psychology degree concentrates on the clinical and applied aspects of psychology. This type of doctorate prepares students for professional practice and clinical placement. This degree will be highly beneficial when working directly with patients who need psychology services. In addition, this degree allows doctors of psychology to confidently function as researchers and clinicians.

How to Choose a Ph.D. Program?

Choosing a Ph.D. program can be pretty challenging; it is a big academic decision and investment that requires commitment and perseverance. But how can you pick the right Ph.D. program for you? Well, there are some tips to help you choose the best fit for your goals and preferences:

• Think about the reasons why you want a Ph.D., what you expect to gain from it, and whether it is compatible with your professional goals.
• Consider your research environment.
• Take your time to research, compare, and consider multiple opportunities carefully.
• Pick a subject that interests and motivates you but is also practical.
• Ask your professors and other scholars in the field for advice.

All in all, the terms “Doctorate’’ and “Ph.D.” are in essence the same, which means all Ph.D. students are Doctoral students as well. On the other hand, earning a Ph.D. degree is no joke. If anything, Ph.D. students have the tenacity, patience, persistence, and years of hard work that you can vouch for. Ultimately, deciding what type of doctoral degree you should hop on, depends on your career goals, what you are passionate about and how you are going to achieve it.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between a doctorate and a ph.d..

In academic contexts, the terms “Doctorate” and “Ph.D.” are often used interchangeably, but there is a distinction. A Doctorate is an umbrella term covering a wide range of fields, including professional degrees, humanities, and scientific disciplines. A Ph.D., or Doctor of Philosophy, is a specific type of doctoral degree, typically focused on research and academic pursuits in the humanities and scientific fields.

Why should I pursue a Ph.D.?

Pursuing a Ph.D. can be a valuable endeavor, as it opens up academic and research opportunities, enhances your expertise in a specific field, and makes you more attractive to employers seeking candidates for high-level positions. It’s a chance to push the boundaries of knowledge and become an expert in your chosen study area.

What are the benefits of a professional doctorate?

Professional doctorate degrees, such as Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) or Doctor of Education (Ed.D.), are designed for working professionals who want to apply research to practical issues in their field. These degrees can enhance your career prospects, leadership skills, and problem-solving abilities within your profession.

How do I choose the right Ph.D. program?

To choose the right Ph.D. program, consider your career goals, research environment, and personal interests. Take your time to research and compare programs, seek advice from professors and experts in your field, and ensure that the program aligns with your professional aspirations.

What are the main differences between academic and professional doctorate degrees?

Academic doctorate degrees focus on research, theory evaluation, and data analysis, often leading to careers in academia or research. Professional doctorate degrees are more practical, designed for working professionals, and concentrate on applying research to real-world problems within a specific field.

Can I earn a Ph.D. in any field?

Ph.D. programs are available in various fields, including humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, engineering, and more. However, the specific availability of Ph.D. programs may vary by field and university.

Is a Ph.D. a challenging journey?

Yes, pursuing a Ph.D. can be a challenging journey that requires dedication, patience, and years of hard work. It involves conducting original research, writing a dissertation, and often teaching or assisting in courses. It’s a significant commitment, but it can be highly rewarding.

What are the potential career opportunities after earning a Ph.D.?

With a Ph.D., you can pursue careers in academia as a professor or researcher, work in research and development roles in various industries, or take on leadership positions in organizations. The specific career path will depend on your field of study and personal interests.

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Doctorate vs. PhD: Understanding the Key Differences [2024]

If you’re interested in pursuing a doctoral degree, you may wonder about the differences between a doctorate vs. PhD.

A doctorate and a PhD are both terminal degrees that allow you to develop specialized knowledge and skills in your chosen field. But these degrees typically have different areas of focus, requirements, and career outcomes.

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Understanding the difference between PhD and doctorate can help you pick the degree that most aligns with your career aspirations and interests.

What’s the Difference Between Doctorate vs. PhD Degrees?

A doctorate and a Ph.D. are the highest college degrees students can earn. Graduates of both types of programs receive the title of “doctor” and may qualify for specialized careers in their fields.

But, while doctorate programs focus on professional competencies and knowledge, PhD programs prioritize academic research.

What Is a Doctorate Degree?

A doctorate degree is a professional degree that enables students to become experts in a specific field or industry. This degree focuses on applying academic research and theories in the workplace to improve performance and solve problems.

Courses vary by field and program but typically emphasize professional skills like collaboration, leadership, and project management. Additionally, many doctorate programs require students to complete a capstone project that addresses real issues affecting their industry.

Graduates often qualify for advanced administrative, leadership, and managerial positions in their fields.

What Is a PhD Degree?

A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree is an opportunity to strengthen your academic research skills and generate original knowledge. This degree trains students to become independent scholars who conduct cutting-edge research in their areas of expertise.

PhD curriculums cover advanced concepts and theories in a discipline. They also teach students qualitative and quantitative methodologies to design studies and conduct research. Additionally, most PhD programs require students to produce a dissertation that contributes fresh knowledge to the field.

Current professionals with PhDs often work as academic researchers and professors. They may also secure government and industry jobs.

Key Differences Between a PhD vs. Doctorate Degree

What’s a PhD degree ? What’s a doctorate degree? The main difference between a doctorate and a PhD is their area of focus. A doctorate prioritizes applied knowledge and professional skills, while a PhD emphasizes academic research. Let’s compare some more differences between a professional doctoral degree vs. PhD.

A doctorate enables students to become expert practitioners in their discipline. Students study existing concepts and theories and learn how to apply these ideas in the workplace.

By contrast, a PhD prepares students to conduct innovative research and educate others.

Goals and Outcomes

Doctorate programs help prepare students for senior administrative and leadership positions in their industries. They also help students enhance their professional competencies and tackle industry-specific challenges.

Students who pursue PhDs aim to advance their disciplines by generating new knowledge. They may also publish peer-reviewed research and teach undergraduate courses.

Student Population

Doctorate degrees are designed for current or aspiring working professionals who want to become industry leaders. These programs also enable students to increase their knowledge and credibility.

PhD programs attract students who want to expand their knowledge of research methodologies and theories. These learners also frequently pursue academic careers.

Admissions Requirements

Doctorate and PhD programs typically require students to have bachelor’s and master’s degrees.

Additionally, prospective doctorate students may be asked to provide evidence of work experience, while PhD students might demonstrate their research abilities with a writing sample.

Program Length

Requirements vary by program, but full-time students typically complete a doctorate in 3 to 5 years. Programs that require a capstone project may take longer. For those considering quick degrees, a number of universities now offer accelerated doctoral programs online .

PhD programs often take 4 to 7 years to finish. The speed at which students research and write their dissertations can significantly impact the timeline.

The curriculum for doctorate programs typically centers on practical skills and contemporary issues in the field. Topics may include communication, ethics, and leadership.

PhD programs offer classes on research methods, theories, and disciplinary trends. Students also learn how to write journal articles and present at conferences.

Assessment and Completion Requirements

Doctorate and PhD students both complete 2 or more years of coursework. They also demonstrate their knowledge during comprehensive exams.

Doctorate students may produce a capstone project that applies their knowledge to real problems. By contrast, PhD students write dissertations based on original research.

If You Have a PhD, Are You a Doctor?

Is a PhD a doctor ? While graduates who earn a PhD are referred to as doctors, a PhD is different from a Doctor of Medicine (MD).

Doctors with MDs are medical doctors who can legally prescribe medications, perform surgery, and treat patients. They typically apply existing medical knowledge instead of conducting research. Doctors with PhDs don’t have any of these abilities. Instead, they have specialized knowledge and perform academic research in a particular field.

PhD or Doctorate Degree – Which Is Right for You?

Understanding the difference between a doctorate and a PhD can help you select the right degree for you.

Professional doctorate degrees help students become leading practitioners and problem solvers. By contrast, PhD degrees enable students to hone their research skills and learn advanced concepts. Both degrees allow you to enrich your understanding of your chosen discipline or profession. They also help you boost your credentials and develop new skills.

After you decide between a doctorate degree vs. PhD, you can explore program options from accredited schools to find the best fit.

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Doctor of Science (D.Sc.): Time to move towards Higher Doctorate Degrees

Sultan ayoub meo.

1 Sultan Ayoub Meo, MBBS, Ph.D. (Pak), M Med Ed (Dundee), FRCP (London), FRCP (Dublin), FRCP (Glasgow) FRCP (Edinburgh), Professor and Consultant, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Email: [email protected] [email protected]

Shaukat Ali Jawaid

2 Shaukat Ali Jawaid, Chief Editor, Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, Secretary, Eastern Mediterranean Association of Medical Editors (EMAME). Karachi, Pakistan

Nadia Naseem

3 Nadia Naseem, MBBS, M.Phil, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Morbid Anatomy and Histopathology, University of Health Sciences, Khayaban-e-Jamia, Lahore, Pakistan. Email: [email protected]

The present most modern and highly advanced 21’st century is the era of science and technology. In human history, universities are the basic birthplace of higher education, research, and innovation and play a significant role in the countries’ performance, prosperity, and economic progress. Worldwide, there is a swift shift in the pattern of biological, environmental, economic, and educational systems. This broader change is rotating around the higher academia and its allied innovative research impact. The leading universities develop a culture and curricula as per need and demand and produce knowledge and skills-based professional graduates. The universities prepare graduates to keep in view their country’s requirements and compete with their peers at international levels.

Moreover, worldwide, universities are transforming towards higher doctorate degrees (D.Sc / S.Dc) to provide an elevated helipad to the applicant to compete in this modern and highly advanced era. The higher doctoral degree, D.Sc, is earned 6-8 years after the post Ph.D. The candidates with higher academic titles, professional skills, and innovative research could compete and achieve top-ranked positions worldwide. Many universities worldwide, including the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand, promote D.Sc degree programs in various science disciplines, including medical sciences. This manuscript explores the dynamics of a higher doctorate and its significance, need, and demand in academia to compete globally.

Worldwide in higher education, competition is a comparatively old phenomenon but has new diverse dynamics that greatly influence the nations’ health, public prosperity, economies, and sustainable development. Higher Education has a strong association with the global knowledge economy and its influence on globalization. 1 The international competition in academia is fueled by the idea of the “world-class university”. 2 , 3 where renowned faculty and scientists are engaged in producing innovative research, thus raising the global rankings of the universities. 4 The authors of this manuscript further coin this concept that “best universities are those which produce evidence-based, research-oriented five-star physicians, scholars, and scientists who are practicing high levels of research, ethics and professionalism.”

In recent decades worldwide, there has been an accelerating pace in developing and adopting novel technologies, although gaps persist in various corners of the globe, particularly in developing countries. 5 This swift technological change affects every segment of life, including the economy, society, and culture. 5 The academic and technology-based change has also moved around the higher academia and innovative research. 6 The world today is prepared for another significant shift in the understanding of the university as an institution. The nations with high literacy rates, mainly higher education, strive towards academic excellence, scholarship and continuous progress, and development to compete globally.

In the global competition, the role of universities is enhanced to provide sub-specialty-based academia and research opportunities for their graduates to compete and achieve leading positions with sustainable development. In the 1960s, simple university graduates could get a good place in any national and multinational organization. In the 1970s, the graduates were gradually replaced by postgraduates. However, in the early 1980s, the doctorate Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) became a more popular and terminal academic title. The Ph.D. scholars were moved towards a postdoctoral experience known as “post-doctorate or postdoc.” A postdoc is a 6-12 months research position that allows Ph.D. scholars to enhance their research skills and knowledge and prepare them for their progressive academic careers. Although, there is no official degree awarded for postdoc training.

In this science and technology-based modern era, there is a significant change in every segment of life, including academic titles in various science disciplines. The academicians and researchers are moving fast towards higher doctorate educational titles, Doctor of Science. The higher doctorate, “Doctor of Science,” also known as “D.Sc or Sc.D,” is a postdoctoral degree program that is awarded to an individual who has significantly contributed to the field of research and science. ( Table-I ) Many universities award this degree based on the extensive research work published in reputable science journals. ( Table-II - III ) After Ph.D., the D.Sc could be awarded to a candidate who has vast experience in higher academia, research and earns excellence as an academician and a researcher in a specific field. The main advantage of acquiring a D.Sc degree is that this title could provide a high helipad to the applicant to compete in this modern and highly advanced era and get a leading position globally. It also provides a chance to excel at broader levels in a particular specialty. Moreover, the benefits are limited not only at personal levels but also at institutional and state levels. The science community believes that this title can better contribute to knowledge-based economies.

Comparison between Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Science (D.Sc / S.Dc) Degrees.

Higher doctorate (DSc / S.Dc) degrees awarded in medical science by various universities in the United Kingdom.

Higher doctorate (DSc / S.Dc) degrees awarded in medical science by various universities in Asian Universities.

Worldwide, like other higher academic titles, universities are awarding this title through two routes, research work and honorary. Table-II - III . The Doctor of Science degree offers various opportunities in terms of professional career. This title is pursued to recognize an applicant’s work and advanced research skills and provides opportunities for candidates to work with global universities, research centers, and organizations. The higher doctorate academic titles facilitate the topmost positions in the leading national and international institutes and organizations. The career opportunities, perks, prestige, and privileges of D.Sc degree holders are significantly better than Ph.Ds ( Table-I ).

In the new millennium worldwide, there is a significant shift in the pattern of biological, environmental, economic, and educational systems. This broader change and its impact is rotating around the higher academic titles and innovative research. The universities are developing the curricula and producing graduates according to the community’s needs and international demand. Moreover, the universities prepare their graduates not only to compete with their peers at national levels but also at international levels. The universities are transforming their academic framework towards higher doctorate degrees at a fast pace (DSc/S.Dc).

In many countries, the D.Sc, a higher doctoral degree, is earned a few years (about 6-8 years) after the Ph.D. Once their graduate has higher academic titles with published innovative research, they can easily compete for top-ranked positions at global levels. The United States of America, the United Kingdom, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Russia, India, and few universities in Pakistan promote higher doctorate in various science disciplines. Table-II - III .

In human history, the universities, academic and research institutes have produced scholars who compete at international levels and deliver beneficial impacts to societies. Higher Education is the right path to the empowerment of people and the sustainable development of nations. It is a fact that advanced countries have focused primarily on the progressive academic institutions that would facilitate knowledge creation and dissemination. The advanced universities encouraged sub-specializations structured in the various disciplines. However, a growing awareness has appeared that the difficulties of the 21st century require a holistic experience of knowledge in its various aspects. Presently, the gauges of strong and sustainable economies depend on advanced academia and innovative research. Research-based higher academia plays a vital role in the nations’ excellence of life, economies, and sustainable development. 7

Pakistan is home to “224 million people 8 and 229 universities, 9 including 30 medical universities, 176 public and private sector medical and dental schools’ 10 125 engineering, 98 management sciences, and 30 agricultural institutes”. It is high time that Pakistan must understand that the survival and ranking of its research universities in the coming decades depend upon the provision of advanced education and research qualification with a significant contribution towards the complex, globalized economies of the 21st century.

National competition and global competition are two distinct domains; higher education provides social prestige and income-earning access. The global competition in higher education is an emergent property of competitive relations among nation-states. The new institutionalist approach claims that the international competition results from the universities turning into organizational performers 1 . The universities compete in the global higher education market. To achieve a higher competitive position at international levels, the candidate must attain the highest academic titles. Similarly, the students and faculty must achieve unique academic titles to compete at international levels.

As academic commercialization progresses, universities must operate similarly to multinational corporations. Indeed, not all universities participate in the global competition, but only those with a worldwide capacity “world-class university”. 11 Similarly, not all students, researchers, and faculty members participate in the global competition, but only those who have the potential to earn the highest possible academic titles and research to become a “world-class researcher or faculty.” The best universities produce well-qualified, evidence-based, research-oriented graduates who are in high demand in the intellectual and skill-based market; they conduct leading-edge research published in the top scientific journals, and contribute to innovations through patents and licenses.” 2 , 3 , 11

Narrating about Pakistan, we have the shining example of Aga Khan University, which attracts numerous research grants worldwide, has earned a name, and established its credibility as a leading university. Though they enjoy numerous advantages, this does not mean that public sector medical universities may not strive for excellence. In fact, the problem with us in the field of higher education and higher medical education, in particular, is that Higher Education Commission which looks after higher postgraduate education, neither has a separate section or division of medical education nor anyone with the medical background; hence it is futile to expect any revolutionary steps from it in this field. We had pointed out even earlier 6 that we need to establish a separate division of higher medical education within HEC headed by a qualified medical educationist with proven academic accomplishments for better understanding and resolution of these issues with a vision to plan and implement policies aimed at facilitating reforms at our public sector medical universities. Ideally, it would be much better if the higher medical education is shifted from HEC to the Ministry of Health and Medical Education by changing its name as was done by one of our neighboring countries in 1985, and it paid rich dividends.

Yet another problem that we face in Pakistan is the selection of Vice-Chancellors to head these universities, which is most often based not on merit but some other considerations. Of course, there are exceptions when people have been selected on merit. The rot starts here. Those who feel their rights have been ignored then go to the courts to seek justice and suspend such orders. 12 Incompetent, inefficient, ill-trained, those who lack foresight and vision when appointed to these coveted posts themselves feel threatened. They do not encourage competent and highly qualified people among the faculty but feel secure while surrounded by “Dead Wood,” who will sing their praises all the time. Again, we have not yet understood the difference between the post of the Dean, Principal, and the Vice Chancellor. These posts have different rights and responsibilities. However, in Pakistan, many medical universities do not have the post of the Dean and or Principal. Those who inserted these clauses in the Act did not want to share the powers and wanted themselves to be fully powerful; little do they realize that they are not going to be in those posts forever, and graveyards are full of people who once thought themselves indispensable. The first and foremost important thing is to make necessary changes in the Act that help establish these universities, having Principal and clearly laying down the rights and responsibilities of each one.

The Principal, the Dean, looks after the medical student’s affairs and issues related to undergraduate medical education, whereas the Vice Chancellor plans to start a new postgraduate academic programme, research projects, arrange funding through different sources, and establish international linkages with institutions of excellence in the respective fields. With the team’s help, schemes to generate funding enables the university to reduce its dependence on government funding. If there is a will, there is always a way. Just look at Dow University of Health Sciences and Jinnah Sindh Medical University in Karachi. Both have established a state-of-the-art Research and Reference Laboratory. The DUHS, in particular, established a network of collection units all over the city and earns a lot of money which is an additional useful resource for these universities. Why cannot this be replicated and what forbids the Vice Chancellors of other public sector medical universities to opt for this model? Faculty infected with politics effectively retards the growth and development of our medical universities. The working environment is such that the public sector medical universities also fail to attract and retain talented faculty for reasons that are not difficult to understand.

It is extremely important that to gain a competitive advantage, universities must launch novel, specialized degree-awarding programs so that their graduate could find a place in a global market. They have to engage their graduates and faculty in innovative research, patents, profit-oriented academic activities. It is high time to appreciate the worth of higher education, innovative research, and its impact on socio-economic development and political stability. Pakistan should implement strict policies to establish and promote higher postgraduate degree programs, Ph.D., and DSc. The advanced higher academic titles facilitate the graduates to compete with the world and lead the state towards a knowledge-based economy. 6 Higher education is the only weapon of any nation to fight against poverty, terrorism and bring peace, prosperity, socio-economic development, and political stability in the country and the region.

The University of Health Sciences (UHS), Lahore, has started multiple novel postgraduate programs in basic and clinical medical sciences, medical education. More recently, it has started a Certificate Course in Medical Editing, which will eventually lead to Masters in Health Journalism. It will comprise four Modules of six months each. 13 Pakistan happens to be the second country in the EMRO Region to have started this innovative program to train the medical editors, which will help improve the standard of medical journals published from Pakistan.

The UHS, in its adolescent age, has produced many Ph.Ds in various disciplines of medical sciences. Furthermore, UHS leads in launching a higher doctorate degree program, D.Sc in medical sciences. These graduates will play a significant positive role in academics, research, innovation and benefit humanity and the country. Therefore, Pakistan must set the higher education reforms and research-oriented architecture that can emerge as a knowledge power. 6

Acknowledgments

We thank the “Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, for supporting the work through a research group project (RGP-1442-181)”.

Conflicts of interest: None.

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Doctorate vs PhD: What’s the Difference?

In the academic world, achieving a doctoral degree represents the highest level of study within a field. These degrees grant their recipients not only more knowledge within their particular field, but also more respect and more upward mobility in their careers. 

Is a doctorate a PhD? Often, the terms doctoral degree and doctor of philosophy, or Ph.D., are used interchangeably. This isn’t 100% accurate, though. There are subtle but important differences that set a doctoral degree apart from a Ph.D. degree. These differences are critical to understand before you plan your own path through higher education.  Doctorate vs PhD, what is the difference ?

Related:  How to Prepare for your Graduate School Interview

What Is a Doctoral Degree?

A doctoral degree is a general term for a terminal degree that usually is awarded when someone pursues their studies beyond the level of a bachelor’s and a master’s degree. Doctoral degrees can be awarded in any number of fields, from education and English literature to chemistry and calculus.

Doctoral degrees typically come in two forms:

• a professional (also known as applied doctorate)
• an academic doctorate

Related: What is a Terminal Degree?

What is an Applied Doctorate Degree?

Professional or applied doctorate degrees qualify someone to work in a specific profession. This includes things like:

Doctor of Medicine (M.D.)

Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)

Doctor of Education (Ed.D.)

Degree holders with a professional doctorate degree are qualified to work at the highest level within their field. 

These professional degrees require academic research. It will culminate in a dissertation which must be defended in front of a group. A dissertation, like a thesis, is a lengthy and involved paper that incorporates research and applies a theory to make advances within the field.  

Some of the most common fields for a professional doctoral program are:

• Physical therapy
• Osteopathic medicine
• Occupational therapy
• Educational leadership
• Medicine 

We’ll discuss a few of the most common professional doctorate degree programs below.

Related: What Is The Difference Between College and University?

An Ed.D. is a professional doctorate for educators with teaching and administration responsibilities as well as those working in nonprofits and governmental agencies. These programs offer advanced leadership training which can help students advance their career. Students learn effective strategies to solve real-world problems they’ll encounter out in the field.

Ed.D. programs do not follow a standard curriculum. Each program is unique, and many can be tailored to meet the needs of each individual student. Some are offered online while others follow a more traditional format.

Doctor of Business Administration

The DBA is a professional degree for business professionals. These programs build upon the skills taught in an MBA program. Students are often accomplished executives who want to be better, more innovative business leaders.

DBA students conduct practical research that directly applies to the business world. Students will develop new insights and solutions to business challenges.

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

Psychology is an area where students can choose to complete either a Ph.D. or a PsyD degree. A PsyD degree emphasizes the clinical and applied aspects of psychology. This degree is growing in popularity for several different reasons:

• Completion time is often less than a traditional PhD
• Specialization options
• Opportunity to complete a dual degree (MSW or MPH are popular)

The PsyD focuses on practice over research so students begin working on fieldwork sooner in the program. This hands-on experience is valuable as students begin to build their professional portfolio.

Related: Best Online Doctorates in Psychology

An M.D. is the degree of choice for students planning a career in medicine. These highly competitive and rigorous programs include the classroom and intensive training students need to join the medical field.

M.D. programs usually require students to complete four years of medical school followed by a residency. The residency can take between two and five years depending on the area of medicine.

While an M.D. degree requires a significant commitment of time and money, the investment plays off with a high salary and job security.

Doctor of Optometry (O.D.)

An O.D. an expert in primary eye care. They diagnose and manage diseases and disorders of the eye. An O.D. degree can take between eight and nine years of education beyond high school. Students take classes in areas like:

• gross anatomy
• neuroscience
• biochemistry

An optometrist can determine if an individual needs corrective lenses or contacts to improve their vision. They can check for signs of glaucoma or other degenerative eye conditions. In some states, an optometrist can prescribe certain medications.

Regardless of the individual field that you pursue, you can know that a doctoral degree will make you a highly qualified candidate for upper level positions in your field. 

What Is a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) Degree?

Academic doctorates, on the other hand, are degrees that qualify someone to study, research, or teach at the highest level in his or her field. At some schools, like Franklin University, professional doctorates are referred to as an application oriented-degree while Ph.D.s, or academic doctorates, are referred to as research degrees. 

A Ph.D. is actually a specific type of doctoral degree. This means that rather than being completely separate from one another, Ph.D.s are really just a specific subtype of the umbrella term “doctorate degree.” 

A Ph.D. is an academic degree focused on original research and the application of new ideas to existing knowledge. This research based degree emphases research skills that allow student to contribute to the advancement of their field. Lots of people falsely believe that a Ph.D. is limited to fields in the social sciences. This is likely due to the word “philosophy” in the title. Rather than meaning philosophy in the modern sense, though, the word philosophy in a Ph.D. refers to its Latin origins, meaning “love of wisdom”. 

The reality is that Ph.D.s are research degrees available in many fields. Some of the most common degree fields for a Ph.D. include:

• Applied mathematics
• Accounting and finance
• Biomedical engineering
• Chemical engineering 
• Clinical psychology
• Computer science
• Counseling psychology
• Data analysis

No matter what kind of Ph.D. you undertake, you will always graduate from a Ph.D. program with a high level of competence, respect, and mobility within your career field. 

How To Apply for a PhD vs Doctorate Program

Once you’ve made the choice between a professional degree versus doctorate , you’ll need to figure out how to apply to your chosen program. Because Ph.D. programs are simply a specific type of a doctorate program, the application process varies more by school than it does by degree type. 

In general, when you apply to a doctoral program, you’ll need to have already completed a bachelor’s and a master’s degree. In many cases, your bachelor’s degree can be in any field. It does not need to be related to the field you’re pursuing at the professional level. In most cases, your master’s does need to be related in some way. 

If it’s not, there’s a strong likelihood that you’ll need to complete some prerequisite graduate-level classes before you can apply for your doctorate program. You’ll need to check with each program about the prerequisites before you apply. 

Once you’re sure that you meet the prerequisites required of a doctoral student, you’ll also need to get your application materials. Generally this means:

• transcripts from your undergrad and graduate school coursework
• letters of recommendation
• an essay or statement of purpose
• recent GRE or GMAT scores

Again, application requirements will vary by school so you’ll want to check directly with those you’re applying to. 

PhD vs Doctorate Degree: Which is Longer?

The amount of time it takes to complete your doctorate vs PhD degree will largely depend on what work you’ve done before it, and whether you’ll be pursuing it part-time or full-time. If you have completed a master’s in the field already, you will need to complete fewer credits to complete the doctoral degree. 

At some schools, there is an option to combine your master’s with your doctorate degree. These accelerated programs usually allow you to take a year of study off your total commitment.

Still, terminal degrees are no small time commitment. Most degrees take anywhere from five to eight years to complete when pursued full-time. In general, Ph.D. programs tend to take slightly longer than professional doctorates. For example, to complete a doctor of education (Ed.D.) degree, doctoral students must complete at least 60 credits. In contrast, Ph.D. students completing a Ph.D. in Education must complete 90 credits. 

Earning Potential of a Professional Doctorate vs PhD

While a professional doctorate and a Ph.D. are seemingly very similar, they do differ in terms of earning potential. 

This is likely because many Ph.D. programs lead to careers in teaching or research. These are two fields that are notoriously low in funding, unless you find one of the relatively less common highly paid positions in these fields. 

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average salary for a postsecondary teacher at colleges or universities is about $80,000. The average salary of postsecondary teachers in the field of scientific development and research is more, at nearly $110,000, and the average salary of a researcher in the field of medical science is nearly $90,000. 

Compare these salaries to those of professional doctorates like a medical doctor or a lawyer. A medical doctor earns an average salary of $208,000 while a lawyer receives an average salary of roughly $123,000. 

Doctoral Degree vs PhD: How Do They Stack Up?

While a Ph.D. is simply a subtype of doctorate, there are some distinct differences that set it apart from professional doctorate degrees. 

While Ph.D.s are typically heavy on research, professional doctorates are heavy on application of knowledge to a specific professional field. The body of knowledge developed in a Ph.D. program may be slightly broader, while the knowledge built in a professional doctorate program is tailored more directly to a specific career. 

Both programs have similar application processes, but the Ph.D. program may take slightly longer to complete on average than the professional doctorate program does. Finally, professional degree PhD program graduates tend to earn slightly more than Ph.D. graduates. 

If you’re interested in pursuing a doctorate degree, you’ll need to consider a professional doctorate degree vs PhD. You’ll want to research your programs before applying. Sites like CollegeRank can help you to narrow your options by providing curated college rankings geared to a number of different factors, from campus size to return on investment, and more. 

• Doctoral Degrees: Eng.Sc.D. and Ph.D.

Two doctoral degrees in engineering are offered by the University: the Doctor of Engineering Science, administered by The Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science and the Doctor of Philosophy, administered by the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. Both doctoral programs are subject to review by the Committee on Instruction of the School. Doctoral students may submit a petition to the Office of Engineering Student Affairs to change from the Eng.Sc.D. degree to the Ph.D. degree or from the Ph.D. degree to the Eng.Sc.D. degree. The petition must be submitted within the first year of enrollment. Any petitions submitted after this period will not be considered. Doctoral degree status can be changed only once; students, therefore, must determine which doctoral degree program is most appropriate for their academic and professional endeavours.

Departmental requirements may include comprehensive written and oral qualifying examinations. A student must have a satisfactory grade-point average to be admitted to the doctoral qualifying examination. Thereafter, the student must write a dissertation embodying original research under the sponsorship of a member of their department and submit it to the department. If the department recommends the dissertation for defense, the student applies for final examination, which is held before an examining committee approved by the appropriate Dean’s Office. This application must be made at least three weeks before the date of the final examination.

The defense of the dissertation constitutes the final test of the candidate’s qualifications. It must be demonstrated that the candidate has made a contribution to knowledge in a chosen area. In content the dissertation should, therefore, be a distinctly original contribution in the selected field of study. In form it must show the mastery of written English, which is expected of a university graduate.

For the Ph.D. Degree

A student must obtain the master’s degree (M.S.) before enrolling as a candidate for the Ph.D. degree. Application for admission as a doctoral candidate may be made while a student is enrolled as a master’s degree candidate. Candidates for the Ph.D. degree must register full time and complete six Residence Units. The minimum requirement in coursework for the doctoral degree is 60 points of credit beyond the bachelor’s degree. A master’s degree from an accredited institution may be accepted in the form of advanced standing as the equivalent of one year of residence (30 points of credit and two Residence Units). An application for advanced standing must be completed during the first semester of study. Ph.D. candidates will be required to complete a minimum of 30 additional points of credit in residence for a letter grade beyond the M.S.

Ph.D. candidates who have completed all six Residence Units can satisfy the continuous registration requirement and make use of various university facilities by registering for Matriculation & Facilities (M&F) for a maximum of two semesters if they are:

• completing a degree requirement such as a language examination or qualifying examination;
• preparing the dissertation proposal or
• writing or distributing the dissertation.

If a Ph.D. student is registered in courses or holds a university teaching or research appointment, the student must register for either a full Residence Unit or Extended Residence. The term in which the dissertation distribution occurs is the last semester in which a Ph.D. student is permitted to register, even if the defense takes place in a subsequent term. Students should distribute final copies of the dissertation to defense committee members at least four weeks before the anticipated defense date to allow adequate time for committee members to review the dissertation thoroughly. The defense is expected to take place no later than two months after the distribution.

Ph.D. candidates should obtain a copy of the bulletin of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, in which are printed the requirements of the department of major interest.

For the Eng.Sc.D. Degree

A student must obtain the master’s degree (M.S.) before enrolling as a candidate for the Eng.Sc.D. degree. The minimum requirement in coursework for the doctoral degree is 60 points of credit beyond the bachelor’s degree. Eng.Sc.D. candidates will be required to complete a minimum of 30 additional points of credit in residence beyond the M.S. for a letter grade. A master’s degree from an accredited institution may be accepted in the form of advanced standing as the equivalent of 30 points of credit. Candidates for the Eng.Sc.D. degree must, in addition to the 60-point requirement, accumulate 12 points of credit in the departmental course E9800: Doctoral research instruction (see below). The candidate for the degree of Doctor of Engineering Science must submit evidence that his or her dissertation has been filed in compliance with requirements set by the faculty of Engineering and Applied Science.

Doctoral Research Instruction

An Eng.Sc.D. candidate is required to complete 12 credits in the departmental course E9800: Doctoral research instruction in accordance with the following guidelines:

• After obtaining a master’s degree or advanced standing, at which time the student begins doctoral research, the student is eligible to register for E9800 (3, 6, 9, or 12 points of credit).
• Registration for E9800 at a time other than that prescribed above is not permitted, except by written permission of the Dean.
• The 12 points of E9800 required for the Eng.Sc.D. degree do not count toward the minimum residence requirements, e.g. 30 points beyond the master’s degree or 60 points beyond the bachelor’s degree.
• If a student is required to take coursework beyond the minimum residence requirements, the 12 points of doctoral research instruction must still be taken in addition to the required coursework.
• A student must register continuously through the fall and the spring terms. This requirement does not include the summer session.

Completion of Requirements

The requirements for the Eng.Sc.D. degree must be completed in no more than seven years. The seven-year time period begins at the time of enrollment and extends to the date on which the dissertation defense is held.

Extension of the time allowed for completion of the degree may be granted on recommendation of the student’s sponsor and the department chair to the Dean when special circumstances warrant. Such extensions are initiated by submitting a statement of work in progress and a schedule for completion together with the sponsor’s recommendation to the department chair.

Please contact the Office of Engineering Student Affairs for more information.

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• Ed.D. Vs. Ph.D. Degree in Higher Education
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The title “doctor” applies, technically, to anyone who has earned any doctoral degree. It originally meant a learned person, an expert in any field, and in that sense modern higher education has formalized the term. (See Reference 1.) A Ph.D., or doctor of philosophy, degree is one of a number of type of doctoral degrees; the difference between it and other doctorates concerns primarily the focus and methods of study.

Ph.D. Degree

Holders of the Ph.D. do not necessarily study philosophy, despite the degree’s name. Institutions award Ph.D.'s in a number of fields, including the humanities, the hard sciences, the social sciences and education. The U.S. Department of Education’s International Affairs Office calls the Ph.D. and other research doctorates “the highest academic qualification” in American education. (See Reference 2, p. 1.) According to the National Science Foundation’s annual Survey of Earned Doctorates, Ph.D.'s constituted the overwhelming majority of research degrees in 2008: 45,341, or 92.9 percent. (See Reference 3.) Most holders of Ph.D.'s pursue academic careers as college professors, scholarly writers and researchers, although some, notably psychologists, pursue clinical practice.

Other Research Doctorates

The Survey of Earned Doctorates lists the second-most popular research doctorate as Ed.D., doctor of education, which accounted for six percent of such doctorates awarded in 2008. (See Reference 3.) An array of other fields offer specialized doctoral degrees, such as D.P.H., doctor of public health, or Th.D., doctor of theology. (See Reference 2, p. 1.) Most of these destine the recipient for academic careers, but like the Ph.D., some also offer clinical careers, such as the D.S.W., doctor of social work. In common parlance, when a graduate student says she is pursuing a “doctorate,” she means a Ph.D. or another of these research degrees.

M.D. Degree

One specialized type of program awards fewer than half as many doctoral degrees as Ph.D.'s alone, yet it is the only field to commonly claim the title “doctor” in popular culture: M.D., doctor of medicine. In 2006, according to the National Library of Medicine, American medical schools awarded 19,000 M.D. degrees. (See Reference 4.) The focus of preparation for an M.D. is clinical practice, rather than academic research; such degrees require extensive practical experience and an internship. Medical students typically do not refer to their studies as “doctoral” work, however, although the degree entitles them to the title “doctor.”

Lawyers also earn a type of doctoral degree, though they rarely use the title “doctor.” Law schools award the J.D., or “juris doctor,” degree, meaning “doctor of law” in Latin. The Law School Admission Council advises would-be lawyers that the J.D. is almost universally required in the U.S. in order to take the bar exam, a standardized state-by-state test. (See Reference 5, p. 2.) The emphasis is on practical research over academic pursuits. Most lawyers -- 75 percent, according to the Law School Admission Council -- work in private practice, while only one percent are law school educators. (See Reference 5, p. 2.) The American Bar Association reports 43,588 law degrees awarded in the 2008-2009 academic year, though that total includes the relatively rare undergraduate degree of LL.B. -- Bachelor of Laws -- as well as the J.D. (See Reference 6.)

• The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable: Doctor; Elizabeth Knowles
• U.S. Department of Education International Affairs Office: Structure of the U.S. Education System, Research Doctorate Degrees
• American Bar Association: Enrollment and Degrees Awarded, 1963-2010 Academic Years
• Work-Based Learning e-Journal: Perspectives on Professional Doctorate Education in the United States; Bridget N. O’Connor
• U.S. Department of Education National Center for Education Statistics: Digest of Education Statistics, Fig. 1, The Structure of Education in the United States

Jennifer Spirko has been writing professionally for more than 20 years, starting at "The Knoxville Journal." She has written for "MetroPulse," "Maryville-Alcoa Daily Times" and "Some" monthly. She has taught writing at North Carolina State University and the University of Tennessee. Spirko holds a Master of Arts from the Shakespeare Institute, Stratford-on-Avon, England.

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Ph.D. vs. Doctor of Health Science: What’s the Difference?

There are many benefits of pursuing a postgraduate degree, such as a doctorate. Individuals with this level degree are highly-regarded as experts or authorities in their fields, and therefore carry great credibility. Healthcare professionals looking to advance their careers and expand their knowledge may find themselves considering the pursuit of a doctoral degree. A Health Science doctorate degree program prepares graduates for careers in healthcare administration, advanced clinical practice, teaching, and research. However, not all doctoral programs are the same. There are two doctoral routes a student can take in the field of Health Science, a  Doctor of Health Science (DHSc)  degree and a Ph.D.. Here are a few ways in which these two paths differ.

Ph.D. in Health Science

A Ph.D., or Doctor of Philosophy, in Health Sciences, will typically prepare students for a career in academic research as well as higher education. While it is possible to work as a researcher with a DHSc, there are other significant ways in which a Ph.D. differs from a DHSc program.

Education and Focus

One of the primary differences between a Ph.D. and a DHSc is the way in which the program is structured. While both degrees typically experience some crossover in course work (for example in the areas of community health promotion, health management, and epidemiology), the focus and length of the Ph.D. differ greatly from the DHSc.

Firstly, a Ph.D. contrasts with a DHSc in terms of the length of the program. Typically, a Ph.D. in Health Science can take anywhere from 4 to 7 years to complete. This is in addition to any prior education, as applicants to Ph.D. programs must hold a master’s degree or a professional doctorate in a health-related area.

As in most Ph.D. programs, the program culminates in a dissertation. The primary focus of a Ph.D. program is to train students to become experts in a narrowly defined discipline. Within this discipline, they’ll endeavor to conduct research and advance their knowledge. In turn, they’ll also be prepared to work as educators in their field. Many individuals with a Ph.D. go on to become professors in universities.

Career Outcomes

As noted above, those who hold a Ph.D. in Health Science are mainly qualified to work as educators in higher education, helping to train the next generation of researchers in the field. Additionally, Ph.D. holders can work as researchers themselves. While the focus of a Ph.D. is mostly academic in nature, some may work as hospital administrators or public health officials.

Doctor of Health Science

A Doctor of Health Science, or DHSc, provides students with the knowledge they need to become leaders in the field of healthcare. Unlike a Ph.D., the focus is less on research and more on practical applications. The two programs differ in other ways, as well.

A DHSc program differs from a Ph.D. in several ways. Many  DHSc programs  can be completed within three years, shorter than the Ph.D. path, and some programs are even offered online. This provides flexibility to working professionals. Similar to a Ph.D., however, successful applicants to DHSc programs must hold a master’s degree, at minimum. Additionally, they are expected to have healthcare experience, professional credentials, or licensure in a health-related field. Applicants without healthcare experience should have ample experience as a leader in the fields of education, nutrition, or health sciences.

The DHSc program prepares graduates for a more varied career path than the Ph.D. by offering specializations and electives. For example, a DHSc candidate may specialize in education, clinical work, or clinical nutrition. They may also take courses in toxicology and infectious diseases, which prepare graduates for work in epidemiology. Dissertation topics in a DHSc program will center around a student’s preferred area of specialization.

While DHSc graduates may enter a career in higher education, they are also well-prepared to become healthcare leaders. In addition to teaching, DHSc holders will be eligible to work in healthcare leadership positions, helping to improve community health outcomes. They may work in health management, health policy, or global health. They will have newfound research skills, enabling them to deliver evidence-based care and make critical clinical decisions.

The need for healthcare leaders is ever-growing. According to the Department of Labor Statistics, employment in  medical management  is expected to grow by  32%  between 2019 and 2029. Employment in epidemiology is also expected to grow. In other words, a DHSc will serve graduates very well, no matter where your professional goals lie.

Doctorate vs. Ph.D.: Choosing the Best Health Science Graduate Degree

The decision to enter into a doctoral program should not be made lightly. Doctoral programs, whether it is a Ph.D. or Doctor of Health Science, require a large investment of time as well as dedication. However, if you want to make a difference in the complex and ever-changing world of healthcare, the pursuit of a doctorate is a wonderful choice. When choosing between a DHSc and a Ph.D., you will ultimately need to decide what your career goals are. If you’d like to contribute to the field by creating new knowledge, a Ph.D. is a good fit. If you’re more interested in a hands-on or practical approach, the DHSc is right for you. In either circumstance, you will be well-prepared to step into a leadership role and make a greater impact in the field of healthcare.

Are you ready to pursue a Doctor of Health Science?  Start your application for University of Bridgeport’s online DHSc program today!

Ph.D./Sc.D. Program

The Doctor of Philosophy and Doctor of Science degrees in Chemical Engineering are identical; students may choose for themselves the appellation they prefer. This traditional, research-based doctoral degree program provides a thorough grounding in the fundamental principles of chemical engineering, as well as an intensive research experience.

The Doctor of Science and the Doctor of Philosophy in Chemical Engineering are identical degree programs. Degree candidates may choose to be called a “doctor of philosophy” or a “doctor of science”.

The degree requires that you complete:

• the core curriculum in chemical engineering
• one chemical engineering H Level class
• the departmental biology requirement
• a minor program of related subjects outside of chemical engineering
• written and oral doctoral qualifying examinations
• the writing and oral defense of a thesis on original research

The core curriculum is:

• Numerical Methods in Chemical Engineering 10.34
• Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics 10.40
• Analysis of Transport Phenomena 10.50
• Chemical Reactor Engineering 10.65

The departmental biology requirement is fulfilled by completing an undergraduate subject equivalent to MIT 7.01x, either at MIT or at your undergraduate institution. Examples of minor programs for some recent doctoral students include applied mathematics, control theory, physical, organic or analytical chemistry, mechanical structure, power systems, process metallurgy, nuclear engineering, management, economics, music, ancient history and philosophy.

The normal duration of the degree program is five to six years. (Including an intermediate M.S. CEP degree normally has little effect on the duration.) A master’s degree is not required for entrance into the doctoral program, nor is the M.S. CEP required.

For incoming, first-year graduate students, academic advisors are members of the Committee for Graduate Students. When you select a research topic and begin your thesis, the research supervisor becomes your academic advisor. In general, students choose research advisors at the end of their first Fall semester at MIT. Should you wish to choose a research advisor from a department other than Chemical Engineering, you will also need to choose a co-advisor from the Chemical Engineering faculty.

Prior to Registration Day (Fall and Spring semesters), your subject selection must first be approved by your advisor before the Graduate Officer can authorize registration on Registration Day. Advisor approval should also be obtained for any subsequent subject add/drop actions during the term (no additional authorization by the Graduate Officer is required).

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• Master’s vs PhD | A Complete Guide to the Differences

Master's vs PhD | A Complete Guide to the Differences

Published on November 27, 2020 by Lauren Thomas . Revised on June 1, 2023.

The two most common types of graduate degrees are master’s and doctoral degrees:

• A master’s is a 1–2 year degree that can prepare you for a multitude of careers.
• A PhD, or doctoral degree, takes 3–7 years to complete (depending on the country) and prepares you for a career in academic research.

A master’s is also the necessary first step to a PhD. In the US, the master’s is built into PhD programs, while in most other countries, a separate master’s degree is required before applying for PhDs.

Master’s are far more common than PhDs. In the US, 24 million people have master’s or professional degrees, whereas only 4.5 million have doctorates.

Table of contents

Master’s vs phd at a glance, which is right for you, length of time required, career prospects, costs and salaries, application process, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about master's and phd degrees.

The table below shows the key differences between the two.

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A PhD is right for you if:

• Your goal is to become a professor at a university or some other type of professional researcher.
• You love research and are passionate about discovering the answer to a particular question.
• You are willing to spend years pursuing your research even if you have to put up with a lot of dead ends and roadblocks.

A master’s degree is the better choice if any of the following apply:

• You want to continue studies in your field, but you’re not committed to a career as a professional researcher.
• You want to develop professional skills for a specific career.
• You are willing to pay a higher upfront cost if it means finishing with your degree (and thus being able to work) much faster.
• You want the option to study part-time while working.

The length of time required to complete a PhD or master’s degree varies. Unsurprisingly, PhDs take much longer, usually between 3–7 years. Master’s degrees are usually only 1–2 years.

Length of a master’s

Master’s degrees are usually 2 years, although 1-year master’s degrees also exist, mainly in the UK.

Most of the degree consists of classes and coursework, although many master’s programs include an intensive, semester-long master’s thesis or capstone project in which students bring together all they’ve learned to produce an original piece of work.

Length of a PhD

In the US, a PhD usually takes between 5 and 7 years to complete. The first 2 years are spent on coursework. Students, even those who choose to leave without finishing the program, usually receive a master’s degree at this point.

The next 3–5 years are spent preparing a dissertation —a lengthy piece of writing based on independent research, which aims to make a significant original contribution to one’s field.

Master’s degrees tend to prepare you for a career outside of academia, while PhDs are designed to lead to a career in research.

Careers for master’s graduates

There are two types of master’s degrees: terminal and research-intensive. The career prospects are different for each.

Terminal master’s degrees are intended to prepare students for careers outside of academia. Some degrees, known as professional degrees, specifically prepare students for particular professions; these include the Master of Public Policy (MPP), Master of Business Administration (MBA), Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT), Master of Fine Arts (MFA), and Master of Public Health (MPH) degrees.

Other master’s degrees, usually Master of Arts (MA) or Master of Sciences (MS or MSc) degrees, do not necessarily lead to a specific career, but are intended to be a final degree. Examples include an MS in Communications or MS in Data Analytics.

In research-intensive master’s programs, students take coursework intended to prepare them for writing an original piece of research known as the master’s thesis . Such programs are usually intended to prepare for further study in a doctoral program.

Careers for PhD graduates

As research degrees, PhDs are usually intended to lead to an academic career. A PhD can be thought of like an apprenticeship, where students learn from professional researchers (academics) how to produce their own research.

Most students aspire to become a university professor upon the completion of their degree. However, careers in academia are highly competitive, and the skills learned in a doctoral program often lend themselves well to other types of careers.

Some graduates who find they prefer teaching to producing research go on to be teachers at liberal arts colleges or even secondary schools. Others work in research-intensive careers in the government, private sector, or at think tanks.

Below are a few examples of specific fields and non-academic careers that are common destinations of graduates of those fields.

• Computer Science
• Lab Sciences

Many government jobs, including economists at a country’s central bank, are research-intensive and require a PhD. Think tanks also hire economists to carry out independent research.

In the private sector, economic consulting and technology firms frequently hire PhDs to solve real-world problems that require complex mathematical modeling.

Graduate students from the humanities are sometimes hired by museums, who can make use of their research and writing skills to curate exhibits and run public outreach.

Humanities PhDs are often well-suited to research and grant-writing roles at nonprofits. Since so much of research is funded by grants, PhD students often gain a lot of experience applying for them, which is a useful skill in the nonprofit sector.

There are a wide range of non-academic research jobs for lab scientists with doctorates in subjects like chemistry, biology, ecology and physics.

Many PhD graduates are hired by pharmaceutical companies that need to perform research to create and test their products. Government agencies, such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), also hire lab scientists to work on research projects.

Job prospects after graduation vary widely based on the field. In fields like management, computer science, statistics, and economics, there’s little underemployment—even graduates from less well-known programs can easily find jobs that pay well and use the skills they’ve gained from the PhD.

However, in other fields, particularly in the humanities, many PhD graduates have difficulty in the job market. Unfortunately, there are far more PhD graduates than assistant professor roles, so many instead take on part-time and low-paid roles as adjunct instructors. Even non-academic careers can sometimes be difficult for PhDs to move into, as they may be seen as “overqualified”  or as lacking in relevant professional experience.

Because career options post-PhD vary so much, you should take the time to figure out what the career prospects are in your field. Doctoral programs often have detailed “placement” records online in which they list the career outcomes of their graduates immediately upon leaving the program. If you can’t find these records, contact the program and ask for them—placement information should play an important role in your choice of PhD program.

Although PhDs take far longer to complete, students often receive a living stipend in exchange for being a teaching or research assistant. Master’s degrees are shorter but less likely to be funded.

Both master’s degrees and PhDs lead to increased salaries upon graduation. While PhDs usually earn a bit more than those with a master’s degree, in some fields, the wages are identical, meaning that no financial benefit is gained from going on to a PhD.

Cost of a master’s

The upfront cost of a master’s degree is usually higher than a doctoral degree due to the lower amount of financial aid available. However, increased salaries also arrive faster than with a doctoral degree, because people graduate much earlier from a master’s program.

Some master’s students do receive stipends for their degrees, usually as compensation for being a teaching or research assistant. In addition, many people complete master’s degrees part time while working full-time, which allows them to fund their living costs as well as tuition.

The cost varies significantly by school and program. Public schools are usually cheaper than private ones. Some master’s degrees, such as MBAs, are notoriously expensive, but also result in much higher wages afterwards that make up for the high cost.

The master’s wage premium , or the extra amount that someone with a master’s degree makes than someone with just a high school diploma, is 23% on average. Many universities provide detailed statistics on the career and salary outcomes of their students. If they do not have this online, you should feel free to contact an administrator of the program and ask.

Cost of a PhD

PhDs, particularly outside the humanities, are usually (though not always) funded, meaning that tuition fees are fully waived and students receive a small living stipend. During the last 3–5 years of a PhD, after finishing their coursework (and sometimes before), students are usually expected to work as graduate instructors or research assistants in exchange for the stipend.

Sometimes students can apply for a fellowship (such as the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Program in the United States) that relieves them of any obligations to be a teaching or research assistant. Doctoral programs in the US tend to be better funded than in the rest of the world.

Sometimes, PhD degrees can be completed part-time, but this is rare. Students are usually expected to devote at least 40 hours a week to their research and work as teaching or research assistants.

The main cost of doctoral programs comes in the form of opportunity cost—all the years that students could be working a regular, full-time job, which usually pays much better than a graduate school stipend.

The average wage premium for PhDs is 26%, which is not much higher than the master’s degree premium.

In the US, the application process is similar for master’s and PhD programs. Both will generally ask for:

• At least one application essay, often called a personal statement or statement of purpose .
• Letters of recommendation .
• A resume or CV .
• Transcripts.
• Writing samples.

Applications for both types of programs also often require a standardized test. PhDs usually require the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), which tries to measure verbal reasoning, quantitative, critical thinking , and analytical writing skills. Many master’s programs require this test as well.

Applying for a master’s

Master’s degrees programs will often ask you to respond to specific essay prompts that may ask you to reflect upon not just your academic background, but also your personal character and future career ambitions.

Northwestern University’s Kellogg Business School requires Master’s of Business Administration (MBA) applicants write two essays, one about a recent time they demonstrated leadership and the second about their personal values.

Who you should ask for your letters of recommendation varies by program. If you are applying to a research-intensive master’s program, then you should choose former professors or research supervisors. For other programs, particularly business school, current work supervisors may be a better choice.

Some professional master’s programs require a specific test. For example, to apply to law school, you must take the Law School Admissions Test, or LSAT. For business school, you must take either the GRE or the Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT).

Applying for a PhD

When applying for a PhD, your resume should focus more on your research background—you should especially emphasize any publications you’ve authored or presentations that you’ve given.

Similarly, your statement of purpose should discuss research that you’ve participated in, whether as an assistant or the lead author. You should detail what exactly you did in projects you’ve contributed to, whether that’s conducting a literature review, coding regressions, or writing an entire article.

Your letters of recommendations should be from former professors or supervisors who can speak to your abilities and potential as a researcher. A good rule of thumb is to avoid asking for recommendations from anyone who does not themselves have a PhD.

If you want to know more about college essays , academic writing , and AI tools , make sure to check out some of our other language articles with explanations, examples, and quizzes.

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A master’s is a 1- or 2-year graduate degree that can prepare you for a variety of careers.

All master’s involve graduate-level coursework. Some are research-intensive and intend to prepare students for further study in a PhD; these usually require their students to write a master’s thesis . Others focus on professional training for a specific career.

A PhD, which is short for philosophiae doctor (doctor of philosophy in Latin), is the highest university degree that can be obtained. In a PhD, students spend 3–5 years writing a dissertation , which aims to make a significant, original contribution to current knowledge.

A PhD is intended to prepare students for a career as a researcher, whether that be in academia, the public sector, or the private sector.

This depends on the country. In the United States, you can generally go directly to a PhD  with only a bachelor’s degree, as a master’s program is included as part of the doctoral program.

Elsewhere, you generally need to graduate from a research-intensive master’s degree before continuing to the PhD.

This varies by country. In the United States, PhDs usually take between 5–7 years: 2 years of coursework followed by 3–5 years of independent research work to produce a dissertation.

In the rest of the world, students normally have a master’s degree before beginning the PhD, so they proceed directly to the research stage and complete a PhD in 3–5 years.

A master’s degree usually has a higher upfront cost, but it also allows you to start earning a higher salary more quickly. The exact cost depends on the country and the school: private universities usually cost more than public ones, and European degrees usually cost less than North American ones. There are limited possibilities for financial aid.

PhDs often waive tuition fees and offer a living stipend in exchange for a teaching or research assistantship. However, they take many years to complete, during which time you earn very little.

In the US, the graduate school application process is similar whether you’re applying for a master’s or a PhD . Both require letters of recommendation , a statement of purpose or personal statement , a resume or CV , and transcripts. Programs in the US and Canada usually also require a certain type of standardized test—often the GRE.

Outside the US, PhD programs usually also require applicants to write a research proposal , because students are expected to begin dissertation research in the first year of their PhD.

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• ACADEMIC ADVICE

What’s the Difference Between a Ph.D. and a Doctorate?

• May 1, 2023

Table of Contents

Research (academic), applied (professional), what is a ph.d., is a ph.d. higher than a professional doctorate, doctoral study vs. dissertation, who is it for, what do you learn in each, can a ph.d. be called a doctor, the bottom line.

The terms Ph.D. and Doctorate are often used interchangeably when considering advanced degrees in academia. Both degrees involve rigorous academic study and research, but their focus, duration, and requirements differ. Hence, these significant differences between the two are worth understanding before deciding which path to pursue.

In this article, we will explore the key differences between doctorate vs. Ph.D., including their definitions, the types of programs they are offered in, and the career opportunities they lead to. By the end, you should have a clear understanding of the differences between these two degrees and which one is right for you.

What Is a Doctorate?

A doctorate degree is the highest level of academic degree that can be awarded by a university. It typically requires a minimum of three to five years of advanced study and research beyond a bachelor’s or master’s degree . Doctoral programs are designed to prepare individuals for advanced careers in academia, research, or other professional fields. There are two main types of doctorates: Research (Academic) and Applied (Professional). Let’s talk about each in more detail.

A research doctorate, also known as an academic doctorate, is a type of doctoral degree focused on original research and advancing knowledge in a specific academic field. These programs require students to take advanced coursework in their field and complete original research contributing to the body of knowledge in their study area. The research component is typically the program’s centerpiece, and students are expected to produce a dissertation or thesis that represents a significant contribution to their field of study.

A research doctorate is highly valued in academia, and graduates often pursue careers as professors, researchers, or scholars in their field. While a significant time commitment and dedication are required, they provide individuals with the skills and knowledge necessary to make contributions to their field and advance their careers in academia. Examples of research doctorates include the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), Doctor of Science (D.Sc.), and Doctor of Education (Ed.D.) , among others.

An applied doctorate, or professional doctorate, is a type of doctoral degree that focuses on applying knowledge and skills in a specific profession or industry. These programs emphasize the practical application of research and theories to solve real-world problems in their field.

The curriculum includes coursework designed to enhance students’ professional skills, including leadership, management, or organizational behavior. An applied doctorate program’s capstone project or dissertation addresses a real-world problem or issue within the student’s profession or industry. The research is conducted in collaboration with professionals in the field.

While applied doctorate programs require a significant time commitment and dedication to a specific profession, they provide individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to become experts in their field and make a great impact. Graduates of such programs are well-prepared to take on leadership roles in their profession. The degree can lead to career advancement and higher salaries.

Examples of applied doctorates include the Doctor of Education (Ed.D.), Doctor of Business Administration (DBA), and Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.), among others.

Students who have completed advanced studies in a particular academic field and contributed original research to that field are awarded a Ph.D., also known as a Doctor of Philosophy. Ph.D. programs are geared toward developing independent scholars who can conduct original research and advance knowledge in their chosen fields.

The coursework of a Ph.D. program involves advanced studies in the student’s area of interest, coupled with a significant research component. Students must produce a dissertation or thesis that adds to the existing body of knowledge in their field of study.

Ph.D. programs generally require multiple years to complete and lead to opportunities for graduates to work as professors, scholars, or researchers within their field of specialization. While Ph.D. degrees are commonly associated with academic careers, they can also offer advantages for graduates seeking positions in government or industry, as they demonstrate expertise in a specific area and an aptitude for original research.

Comparing a Ph.D. to a professional doctorate is difficult, as both degrees have distinct characteristics and are designed for different purposes.

A Ph.D. is primarily a research-focused degree focused on producing independent scholars who can conduct original research and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in a particular field. On the other hand, a professional doctorate focuses on the application of knowledge and skills in a specific profession or industry.

These programs typically emphasize the practical application of research and theories to solve real-world problems in their field. Graduates of professional doctorate programs are well-prepared to take on leadership roles in their profession, and the degree can lead to career advancement and higher salaries.

So, in terms of purpose and focus, Ph.D. and professional doctorate degrees are different. It’s not a matter of one being higher than the other, but rather, it depends on an individual’s career goals and aspirations. Both degrees are considered terminal degrees, meaning they represent the highest level of academic achievement in their respective fields.

Ph.D. vs. Professional Doctorate: Differences

Understanding the differences between a Ph.D. and a professional doctorate can help you make an informed decision about which program is right for you and your career goals. And while both types of degrees require extensive study and research, there are significant differences between the two.

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One of the key differences between a Ph.D. and a professional doctorate is the focus of the doctoral study. Ph.D. programs typically focus on producing independent scholars who can conduct original research and advance knowledge in their chosen field. In contrast, professional doctorate programs emphasize the practical application of research and theories to solve real-world problems in their field.

While both degrees require extensive research, Ph.D. programs often require a significant original contribution to the field in the form of a dissertation, while professional doctorate programs typically require a capstone project or applied research project that demonstrates the student’s ability to apply their knowledge to a real-world problem.

Ph.D. programs are geared toward individuals interested in pursuing an academic career, such as becoming a professor or researcher. These programs prepare students for a life of scholarship and original research.

On the contrary, professional doctorate programs are geared toward professionals already working in a specific profession or industry and wanting to advance their careers through further education. These programs provide students with the knowledge and skills needed to take on leadership roles in their profession or industry.

The content of the curriculum in Ph.D. and professional doctorate programs differs significantly. Ph.D. programs aim to give students extensive knowledge of their field of study and equip them with the skills to conduct original research. On the other hand, professional doctorate programs have a practical focus, with students taking courses that prepare them for leadership positions in their respective professions or industry, including management, ethics, and professional communication.

The title “Doctor” is used to refer to someone who has earned a doctoral degree, whether it is a Ph.D. or a professional doctorate. In academic and professional settings, it is common for individuals with a Ph.D. to be referred to as “Dr.” along with their name, just as someone with a professional doctorate would be.

However, it’s important to note that the title “Doctor” does not necessarily indicate that the person is a medical doctor or a physician. Additionally, it is worth noting that different countries and cultures have different conventions for how the title “Doctor” is used, so it’s always a good idea to check local customs and norms to ensure proper usage.

In conclusion, the decision to pursue a Ph.D. or a professional doctorate ultimately depends on your individual career goals and aspirations. Both degrees are highly respected and can lead to exciting and fulfilling careers.

Remember, the pursuit of advanced education is a challenging but rewarding journey that leads toward new opportunities, personal growth, and the chance to make a positive impact in your field.

Bay Atlantic University

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EdD vs. PhD in Education: What’s the Difference?

Industry Advice Education

If you’re interested in pursuing a doctoral degree in education, one of the first questions you’ll face is: Should I apply for a Doctor of Education (EdD) or a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Education?

The decision between these two culminating degrees can be career-defining as each serves a very different purpose despite being equivalent in level. In order to ensure you choose the path that best aligns with your future goals and career path, it’s important to take the time to first understand the differences in program curriculum and future career opportunities that relate to each degree.

Read on to learn about the defining qualities and key differences of an EdD and a PhD in Education to determine which program is the right fit for you.

EdD vs. PhD in Education

A Doctor of Education (EdD) is a professional degree designed for practitioners pursuing educational leadership roles. A PhD in education , on the other hand, is designed to prepare graduates for research and teaching roles.

“With a PhD, [students are] reviewing the research, seeing a gap in the literature, and generating new knowledge based on a theory or hypothesis,” Joseph McNabb , a professor of practice in Northeastern’s Graduate School of Education , explains. “Conversely, an EdD student starts with a problem of practice and [works to learn] the skills it will take to resolve that complex problem of practice.”

What is an EdD Degree?

An EdD, or Doctor of Education , is a professional doctorate best suited for experienced educators and mid- to senior-level working professionals who want to lead and implement change within their organization.

EdD candidates work in a broad range of fields ranging from K-12 and higher education to nonprofits, government, healthcare, and the military. What each share is a desire to transform their everyday environment and apply the lessons learned through their doctorate to a complex, critical issue facing their workplace. 

The EdD is practice-based. Students in an EdD program don’t want to just research their area of interest, but leverage that research in ways that could positively influence their community or organization’s decision-making process.

Learn More: 5 Tips for Choosing Your EdD Concentration

Those who pursue an EdD focus on qualitative, exploratory research. Students collect data and conduct individual interviews, observations, or focus groups to construct hypotheses and develop strategies that can help solve or clarify a specific problem of practice, such as how to support student veterans transitioning to civilian life or how to foster more female leaders in higher education—two dissertation topics recently explored through Northeastern’s EdD program .

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What Can You Do with an EdD Degree?

While an EdD can be applied to a variety of industries and career options—such as K-12, higher education, the nonprofit sector, or civic service—there are several job titles you’ll likely come across within your cohort of classmates. They include:

• Postsecondary Education Administrators: Postsecondary education administrators work in colleges or universities, and typically oversee faculty research, academics, admissions, or student affairs. Some job titles that fall under this category include president, vice president, provost, and dean. The average annual salary for a postsecondary education administrator rings in at $99,940 .
• Elementary and Secondary School Education Administrators: Superintendents, who are the top executives of a school district, fall under this category. They manage academic programs, spending, and the staffing of all educational facilities within their district, and typically earn an average of $106,850 per year .
• Top Executives : In education, a top executive could be a “chief learning officer” or “chief academic officer”—senior-level professionals who drive and develop strategies that help their organization meet critical business goals. Top executives make an average of approximately $100,090 per year .
• Instructional Coordinators : Instructional coordinators create and manage school curricula and other educational materials. They help teachers implement effective classroom learning strategies and measure the effectiveness of what’s being taught and how. The average annual salary for instructional coordinators is roughly $66,490 .

These are just a few of the many career opportunities available to EdD graduates.

Learn More: Top Careers with a Doctorate in Education

What is a PhD in Education?

A PhD in Education is a terminal degree best suited for individuals who want to pursue a career in academia or research at the university level.

Students in PhD or doctoral programs take a more theoretical, study-based approach to learning. In most cases, their goal is to master a specific subject or add their unique findings to a body of existing literature. PhD candidates conduct original research in the hopes of driving change in their field or inspiring others to make change based on their work.

A PhD is the degree most popular amongst those who aspire to become a professor or obtain a tenure position. Through these programs, students tend to focus on getting published in well-respected journals, presenting at national conferences, and learning how to teach future educators.

What Can You Do with a PhD in Education?

While some of the above roles can also be earned through a PhD program, the most common job titles for PhD-holders include:

• Postsecondary Teachers: Postsecondary teachers instruct students at a college or university. When they’re not in the classroom, they’re often focused on conducting research, attending conferences, and publishing scholarly papers and books. Postsecondary teachers earn an average $80,840 per year .
• Academic Researcher : Researchers often have the opportunity to create their own centers or institutes, hire staff to help carry out their work, and secure funding for that work. Salaries often vary by subject area, but a general academic researcher typically earns an average $83,971 per year .

EdD or PhD: Which is Better For You?

Once you’ve explored the differences between an EdD and PhD in Education, the most relevant question to consider will be: What’s the next step I want to take in my career, and which degree can help me achieve my professional goals? The answer to this question will determine which degree program you ultimately pursue.

Earning your doctorate can pay off no matter which path you choose. Professionals with a doctoral degree earn an average $98,000 a year —nearly $20,000 more a year than master’s degree holders. Similarly, doctoral degree holders see an unemployment rate of only one percent compared to the national unemployment rate of two percent.

Regardless of which degree you ultimately pursue, there is enormous potential for you to advance your career in the field of education. Evaluating your needs and values will help you understand whether an EdD or PhD in Education is best suited to your personal and professional goals.

This article was originally published in July 2017. It has since been updated for accuracy and relevance.

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The median annual salary for professional degree holders is $97,000. (BLS, 2020)

Doctor of Education

The degree that connects advanced research to real-world problem solving.

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Difference Between PhD and DSc

• Categorized under Words | Difference Between PhD and DSc

Having a degree raises the status of one person and gives an edge in the workplace as well as society. PhD is an already well known degree but DSc is still rather vague to many. The main difference between the two is in what they mean. PhD stands for Doctor of Philosophy while DSc stands for Doctor of Sciences. Most people think that they are identical because people who hold these degrees are often equals.

One major difference between PhD and DSc is the fields they can be acquired with. This is highly dependent on which country you are in, but a PhD can be acquired regardless of what field you are pursuing. In contrast, a DSc can only be acquired when under a science or engineering field. You can also get a PhD under these two fields and many actually do prior to getting their DSc.

That is actually the case in Europe where DSc is prevalent in many countries. In other parts of the world, it is not that popular or even unheard of. Any country that has a standing education system also provides PhD degrees. But people in Europe often regard DSc as a higher degree compared to PhD as in some countries, only those who have a PhD and have a portfolio of published researches that are of very high standards. But in other countries, like the US, the two are basically identical and you can get one or the other without getting them both.

PhD and DSc are simply two degrees that are at the top of the education ladder. The most distinct difference between them is in what fields they can be had. The other differences are not as fixed because they vary from country to country. PhD does seem to have a slight advantage simply because of its popularity around the world and it is known as the utmost pinnacle in education. Many do not know DCs and they often consider it to be inferior to PhD just because they are uninformed.

1.PhD means Doctor of Philosophy while DSc stands for Doctor of Sciences 2.PhD is a more recognizable degree than DSc 3.PhD is used for all fields while DSc is only used in sciences and engineering 4.DSc is more prevalent in Europe while PhD is used around the world 5.DSc is better or equal to a PhD

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Cite APA 7 , l. (2011, July 4). Difference Between PhD and DSc. Difference Between Similar Terms and Objects. http://www.differencebetween.net/language/words-language/difference-between-phd-and-dsc/. MLA 8 , lanceben. "Difference Between PhD and DSc." Difference Between Similar Terms and Objects, 4 July, 2011, http://www.differencebetween.net/language/words-language/difference-between-phd-and-dsc/.

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Written by : Ben Joan. and updated on 2011, July 4 Articles on DifferenceBetween.net are general information, and are not intended to substitute for professional advice. The information is "AS IS", "WITH ALL FAULTS". User assumes all risk of use, damage, or injury. You agree that we have no liability for any damages.

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