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essay an anglais

Comment écrire un bon essai d’anglais et bluffer le correcteur ?

  • Prépa Économique , Prépa Littéraire
  • 09 octobre 2021
  • Titouan Chopin

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Major Prépa > Académique > Langues > Anglais > Comment écrire un bon essai d’anglais et bluffer le correcteur ?

essay d'anglais

L’essay est un exercice incontournable des concours des grandes écoles de commerce et c’est pourquoi, dans cet article, je vais te donner quelques conseils méthodologiques afin de cartonner à cette épreuve. Je vais ici m’attarder sur l’essai d’anglais mais tu peux bien entendu appliquer ces astuces pour les autres langues. Pour une méthodologie plus précise sur la rédaction de la Q1 et la Q2 tu peux consulter cet article qui y est dédié . Il te donnera les clés pour les réussir à la perfection.

Les attentes pour l’essay

Pour réussir cet exercice, il y a une méthode à maîtriser, et des fondamentaux à avoir en tête. Ton essai reposera sur deux piliers : la forme et le fond. Il va falloir que tu démontres à la fois ta capacité à établir un raisonnement à l’aide de connaissances civilisationnelles et d’actualité, et en même temps ta capacité à manier la langue anglaise. En fait, acquérir la méthode de l’essai d’anglais c’est surtout comprendre les attentes, les satisfaire, et, pour bluffer le correcteur, savoir faire la différence avec des exemples originaux et des tournures maîtrisées à la perfection. 

Pour épater ton correcteur, le premier impératif est d’éliminer toutes les fautes de grammaire et d’orthographe dans ton essay. Cela demande un travail de relecture et de concentration important, mais c’est indispensable pour prétendre à des notes excellentes. Si tu suis les conseils à venir et que tu arrives à utiliser des tournures originales dans ton essai d’anglais, une seule faute te décrédibilisera et enlèvera toute l’authenticité de ton essai. Il faut donc avoir un anglais impeccable, sans faute de grammaire ou d’orthographe. J’ai bien dit « avoir un anglais impeccable » et non avoir « un anglais élaboré voire exceptionnel ». L’erreur que font beaucoup de candidats est de vouloir transmettre impérativement leurs idées même s’ils n’arrivent pas à le faire correctement. Cela donne donc des devoirs avec certes un véritable contenu mais qui reçoivent une mauvaise note car ce n’est pas le contenu le plus important. Vous ne devez écrire sur votre copie que ce sur quoi vous n’avez aucun doute en ce qui concerne la correction grammaticale ou orthographique. 

Améliorer la langue en essai d’anglais

Tu l’as compris : la langue est le socle de ton essai, il faut qu’elle soit soignée. L’essay est un exercice où la forme prime sur le contenu. Pour s’améliorer en anglais, il faut arriver à passer un certain cap au niveau de la langue. Le fond se travaille sur la durée, pendant les deux (ou trois) années de prépa, en lisant des articles, écoutant des podcasts… Tu peux aussi utiliser les ressources de Major-Prépa pour consolider le fond de tes essais d’anglais : des références culturelles ,  des informations sur les grands thèmes . La langue se travaille également sur la durée, mais il est possible de s’améliorer rapidement et de briller en essay grâce à quelques heures consacrées intelligemment au travail de la langue. 

Il est intéressant de faire ce travail un peu fastidieux en première année quand tu as plus de temps pour ensuite consolider les réflexes de langue. Mais si tu es en deuxième année, il n’est pas trop tard pour prétendre à l’excellence en essai d’anglais. Pour améliorer ta langue, je te conseille de lire régulièrement des articles de journaux sur internet. Il ne faut pas perdre trop de temps avec des exercices de grammaire (même s’ils restent indispensables pour avoir de solides bases) car ton cerveau, en lisant beaucoup d’articles, va savoir intuitivement si ce que tu écris est correct ou non. Mais attention, il ne faut pas faire des lectures passives si tu comptes les exploiter pour améliorer tes essais. 

Les articles en anglais tirés de The Economist , The Guardian , The Washington Post , The Conversation ou autres, seront ta mine d’or pour être original dans tes essais. Je te conseille de te créer un document, ou d’avoir un petit carnet dans lequel tu relèves les tournures idiomatiques intéressantes que tu vas rencontrer au cours de tes lectures. Il peut s’agir de tournures de phrases, de mots originaux ou d’expressions idiomatiques. Pour pouvoir les réutiliser dans tes essais d’anglais, il ne faut pas que tu les relèves sans contexte, je te conseille de noter le bout de phrase dans lequel ils sont, ou même la phrase entière. Cela te permettra de les réutiliser à bon escient, et de la façon la moins maladroite possible. En effet, il y a un risque lorsque tu fais ce travail de réutilisation d’expressions, c’est de rendre ton essai très maladroit en utilisant des expressions qui n’ont pas du tout leur place dans le contexte. L’objectif est de rendre un essai qui témoigne d’un anglais maîtrisé et authentique. Ainsi fais toujours bien attention à comprendre comment s’utilise telle ou telle tournure. C’est pour cela que retenir des phrases entières et non des tournures seules peut t’éviter d’écrire de grosses bêtises. Tu peux t’inspirer pour cela de notre article te donnant des exemples d’expressions et de mots pour faire la différence en essai . Mais il est important que tu te constitues ton document personnel, tu retiendras mieux et les mots te viendront plus facilement lorsque tu rédigeras un essay. 

Utiliser des synonymes en essai d’anglais

Sur le plan de la langue, il est important de montrer au correcteur que tu as un lexique assez riche, surtout en ce qui concerne les mots basiques qui sont très souvent utilisés en essai d’anglais.  Ainsi, il peut t’être utile de te constituer un répertoire de synonymes, et de t’entraîner à les utiliser tout au long de l’année dans tes différents essais et colles d’anglais. Il y a deux méthodes pour cela : soit tu relèves les mots lors de tes lectures d’articles, soit, lorsque tu écris des essais d’anglais et que tu as l’impression de réutiliser le même mot à plusieurs reprises dans ton essay, tu cherches ses synonymes sur un site spécialisé (Tu peux utiliser celui-ci ). Quelques exemples : 

  • Au lieu d’utiliser le mot “ important ” 5 fois dans ton essai, tu peux utiliser : crucial, essential, far-reaching. 
  • Pour parler d’un exemple , tu peux enrichir “example” en écrivant “a telling example”, “a case in point”, ou bien même utiliser un verbe (to illustrate, to epitomize)

Les collocations dans un essay

En linguistique, une collocation est une association habituelle d’un mot à un autre au sein d’une phrase. L’utilisation de collocations en essay d’anglais est une astuce pour paraître plus authentique. En français, des exemples de collocations sont “relever un défi”, “un vif intérêt”… Apprendre des collocations plutôt que des mots seuls te permettra d’être certain que ce que tu écris n’est pas maladroit. Encore une fois, l’authenticité de la langue dans ton essai est primordiale ! Il existe des centaines de collocations, que tu rencontreras au fur et à mesure de tes lectures. Mais pour te faciliter le travail, Major-Prépa t’a concocté un quiz rassemblant cinquante collocations à connaître et à réutiliser en essai d’anglais. 

Tu peux donc retenir ces trois points pour briller par la langue en essai d’anglais : la maîtrise (élimination des fautes), l’originalité (l’utilisation de tournures idiomatiques) et la richesse (utilisation de synonymes).  

Méthode de l’essai d’anglais : la structure

D’autre part, il faut tout de même produire un travail organisé. Pour cela, je vais te donner une astuce applicable pour chaque sujet.  Dès l’introduction, il te faut présenter la thèse que tu défends, c’est-à-dire ton opinion sur le sujet. L’essay est un exercice qui demande de prendre position. Ne le fais pas à la fin, tu dois le faire dès le début ! Le développement, en 3 parties, peut se résumer en 4 mots : certes, mais, de plus. La première partie « certes » est une petite concession que tu vas faire à ta thèse. La deuxième partie va présenter un argument fort (plus fort que la petite concession) pour défendre ta thèse. La dernière partie est un argument supplémentaire qui va défendre ta thèse et te permettre d’enfoncer le clou. La conclusion est classique : il faut reprendre la thèse du début et redire rapidement pourquoi tu l’as défendue.

Un exemple d’essai d’anglais sur l’environnement ayant reçu 16/20 pour illustrer cette méthode

Sujet : pensez-vous que les récentes actions de politique internationale  concernant l’environnement sont susceptibles de stopper le réchauffement climatique ? (rédigé vers mars 2017, version originale)

« As each year sets new records as regards world temperatures, climate change has become a burning issue for our century. Despite international commitments to put the brakes on this phenomenon, I will demonstrate that such global initiatives are unlikely to succeed .

It is true to say that the 2015 COP 21 in Paris was, in a way, a success. At least fifty-five states, responsible for at least fifty-five percent of greenhouse effect emissions eventually agreed on reducing theirs in order to maintain climate change below 2 degrees Celsius. Even the biggest polluters – China and the United States- ratified it, which gives hope regarding the global will to protect our environment.

However , it is not said that countries will implement policies efficient enough to guarantee this 2-degree increase. Moreover, the environment does not seem to be currently either on developing countries or on western countries political agenda, albeit one of the most serious issues of our times. People tend to have short-term views on this problem, whereas they should foresee what might affect future generations on Earth.

Furthermore , some people even deny the fact that human actions could have any effect on climate change. Very few scientists are skeptical about the way mankind progressively harms its environment. That does not prevent President-elect Donald Trump from having in his cabinet change-deniers, though. If those in charge do not believe in ecological solutions, the situation becomes critical.

At the end of the day , the current political situation only allows pessimism regarding climate change. Global policy-makers, lured by short-term profit, do not dare to bet that sustainable energy could represent a lucrative return on investment.”

Quelques enseignements supplémentaires que vous pouvez tirer à la suite de la lecture de cet essay d’anglais : les connaissances utilisées pour rédiger ce devoir sont vraiment communes voire banales. Il est donc inutile de suivre l’actualité comme un forcené pour écrire un très bon essay d’anglais. À nouveau, cela vaut aussi pour les autres langues ! Ce qui est frappant est la précision du vocabulaire et l’utilisation de mots « rares ». D’où l’intérêt de se faire un petit répertoire personnel.

Cependant, il te sera essentiel de suivre l’actualité pour certains sujets. Plus encore, l’actualité ne doit pas être négligée dans la perspective des oraux. Tu peux retrouver ici une bonne méthodologie pour la ficher efficacement et ne pas perdre trop de temps . En espérant que cela va vous être utile pour orienter votre travail dans les langues vivantes et la rédaction de votre essay.

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  • Dissertation

Essay : comment faire une dissertation en anglais ?

Publié le 1 août 2019 par Justine Debret . Mis à jour le 7 décembre 2020.

Dans votre parcours scolaire, vous allez devoir produire beaucoup d’écrits académiques, dont quelques-uns seront en anglais. Il n’est pas anodin de rédiger un essay (une dissertation en anglais).

Pas de panique, nous allons vous expliquer comment faire un bon essay dans la langue de Shakespeare !

Table des matières

  • Qu’est-ce qu’un essay ?

6 règles d’or pour réussir son essay

La structure d’un essay, exemple d’essay, qu’est-ce qu’un essay  .

Un essay est une dissertation en anglais. Cet exercice académique doit respecter une méthodologie très différente des règles de la dissertation française.

L’ essay doit être personnel et mettre en exergue la position de l’auteur sur le sujet. N’hésitez pas à donner votre avis en argumentant fortement dans cette dissertation en anglais.

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Voici 6 consignes que vous devez suivre pour réussir votre dissertation en anglais. Il vous faut les respecter à la lettre !

1. Soyez concis

Un essay ne doit pas faire 20 pages. Vous aurez normalement des consignes de taille précises. Le respect du nombre de mots dans un essay fait partie des critères de notation et vous pouvez être pénalisé en cas de manquement.

Exemple de consigne pour un essay

Your essay should not be longer than 500 words (+ or – 10%). Otherwise, we will subtract 5 points to your final grade.

2. N’utilisez pas les contractions

Dans un essay, les contractions sont interdites. Elles ne s’utilisent pas dans les écrits académiques.

Ne pas utiliser Utiliser
Don’t Do not
Doesn’t Does not
Won’t Will not
Didn’t Did not
Shouldn’t Should not

3. Utilisez des mots de liaison

Il est très important de structurer votre essay avec des mots de liaison. Ainsi, le lecteur saura où vous en êtes dans votre démonstration.

Anglais Français
Furthermore/Moreover De plus
Hence D’où
However Toutefois
Likewise Pareillement
Namely à savoir
Neither…nor / either…or Ni…ni / soit… soit
Nevertheless/notwithstanding Neanmoins
On the one hand / On the other hand D’une part / D’autre part
Roughly En gros
Scarcely Guère
Wholly Entièrement
After all Apres tout
On the contrary Au contraire
Above all Avant tout
Chiefly Principalement
Especially Surtout
Merely À peine
In case of Dans le cas de…
In that case Dans ce cas…
In case Au cas où
Therefore Par conséquent
Wherefore C’est pourquoi
No wonder Pas etonnant
According to D’apres…
Partly En partie

4. Utilisez “I” et pas “we”

En français, il est d’usage d’employer “nous” ( we ) dans les dissertations. Toutefois, pour un essay , on privilégie le “je” ( I ).

La dissertation en anglais est plus personnelle et vous devez vous approprier l’argumentation.

5. Ne soyez pas neutre

En français, nous faisons souvent un plan de type “thèse, antithèse, synthèse” sans vraiment prendre partie.

Pour un essay , vous devez choisir votre camp ! Exprimez votre opinion personnelle et argumentez jusqu’au bout.

6. Utilisez des exemples et données

Pour chaque grande idée, il faudra illustrer vos propos avec des exemples concrets et des données (chiffres, pourcentages, …)

Introduction Corps Conclusion
Un seul paragraphe

Phrase d’introduction (ex : citation, statistiques, ….)

Définition des termes du sujet

Phrase d’introduction

Pas de “pour”, puis “contre.

Transition entre parties

Un seul paragraphe

Annoncer la conclusion( “To conclude, as a conclusion, to sum up,…”)

Ajouter une ouverture

Poser une question a la fin

Vous pouvez utiliser des formulations clés pour structurer votre essay .

Introduction Corps Conclusion
As a starting point we could In the words of …

According to…

What conclusion can be reached from…?
To start with, it would be useful to It is noticeable…

As … pointed out…

Everything leads us to believe…
One of the first questions that arises is It is true that… To conclude
By way of introduction, let us first consider One can assume that… It is tempting to believe that…
This paper will focus on One need only take as an example… … is a good illustration of…
In this essay I will attempt to defend the view that The key ideas must first of all be defined, namely…
This essay has been divided into 4 parts. The first one deals with…Then I will focus on… … is a striking example of this…

Voici un exemple complet d’essay sur le thème de la démocratie. Télécharger un exemple d’ essay

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Debret, J. (2020, 07 décembre). Essay : comment faire une dissertation en anglais ?. Scribbr. Consulté le 17 octobre 2024, de https://www.scribbr.fr/dissertation-fr/essay/

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Justine Debret

Justine Debret

D'autres étudiants ont aussi consulté..., emplois communs des temps dans les thèses en anglais, erreurs fréquentes en anglais, formules et mots de liaison à utiliser dans un mémoire en anglais.

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How to Write an English Essay

Last Updated: March 31, 2024 References

This article was co-authored by Jake Adams . Jake Adams is an academic tutor and the owner of Simplifi EDU, a Santa Monica, California based online tutoring business offering learning resources and online tutors for academic subjects K-College, SAT & ACT prep, and college admissions applications. With over 14 years of professional tutoring experience, Jake is dedicated to providing his clients the very best online tutoring experience and access to a network of excellent undergraduate and graduate-level tutors from top colleges all over the nation. Jake holds a BS in International Business and Marketing from Pepperdine University. There are 14 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been viewed 1,634,147 times.

When taking English courses in high school and college, you'll likely be assigned to write essays. While writing an essay for an English class may seem overwhelming, it does not have to be. If you give yourself plenty of time to plan out and develop your essay, however, then you will not have to stress about it.

Sample Essays

essay an anglais

Getting Started

Step 1 Set aside time to write.

  • Your instructor will expect to see a well-crafted thesis early on in your essay. Place your thesis at the end of your first paragraph.
  • If you don't understand how to write a thesis, ask your instructor for help. This is an important concept that will keep coming up in courses where you have to write papers.

Step 4 Develop your introduction...

  • Telling a personal anecdote
  • Citing a surprising fact or statistic
  • Overturning a common misconception
  • Challenging the reader to examine her own preconceptions

Step 5 Jot down an outline for the remainder of your essay.

  • You can create a numbered outline using a word processor or just put it on paper.
  • Don’t worry about being too detailed when you create your outline. Just try to get the major ideas on paper.
  • A really solid outline helps you figure out how you're going to put all the pieces of the puzzle together.

Drafting the Essay

Step 1 Collect all of your notes and materials.

  • Make sure that you have your outline handy as well. You can build on your outline by expanding on each of the points in the order that they are listed in.

Step 2 Include topic sentences at the beginning of each paragraph.

  • Think of the topic sentence as a way to tell readers what you'll talk about in the rest of the paragraph. You don’t need to summarize the whole paragraph—just provide readers with a taste.
  • For example, in a paragraph that describes Okonkwo’s rise and fall in Things Fall Apart, you might begin with something like: “Okonkwo starts out as a poor young man, but then rises to a position of wealth and status.”

Step 3 Develop your ideas as much as possible.

  • Returning to the invention stage . This includes exercises such as freewriting, listing, or clustering. You can also revisit your notes and books to see if there's anything you missed or forgot.
  • Visiting your school’s writing lab . You can find a writing lab on most college campuses. They are free to students and can help you improve your writing at any stage in the writing process.
  • Talking to your instructor . Take advantage of your professor's office hours or one-on-one appointments. Meet with them and discuss ways that you can improve your essay before you hand it in.

Step 4 Cite sources using...

  • An MLA style works cited page starts on a new page at the end of the essay. Provide entries for each of the sources that you used. These entries should include the information necessary to allow the reader to find the source with ease. [7] X Trustworthy Source Purdue Online Writing Lab Trusted resource for writing and citation guidelines Go to source
  • MLA style in-text (also called parenthetical) citations provide readers with the author’s last name the page number for the information. It's necessary to include an in-text citation for any information that you quote, summarize, or paraphrase from a source. It comes right after the sourced information, and it includes the author’s last name and page number in parentheses. [8] X Trustworthy Source Purdue Online Writing Lab Trusted resource for writing and citation guidelines Go to source

Step 5 Work towards a conclusion.

  • Qualify or complicate the information in your essay
  • Suggest a need for further research
  • Speculate on how the future will change the current situation

Revising the Essay

Step 1 Give yourself plenty of time.

  • If possible, give yourself at least 5 days to work on your essay. Dedicate separate days to researching, crafting your thesis, outlining your ideas, drafting your paper, and making revisions.

Step 2 Focus on improving the content of your essay first.

  • Have I answered the question in a satisfactory way?
  • Do I have a clear thesis? Is my thesis the focus of my essay?
  • Do I include adequate support for my argument? Is there anything else I could add?
  • Is there a logic to my essay? Does one idea follow the next? If not, how might I improve the logic of my essay?

Step 3 Ask a friend to read your essay.

  • Try swapping essays with a friend from class. You can read and comment on each other’s essays to make sure that both of you have done the best work possible.
  • Make sure that you swap papers at least one day before the paper is due so that you will have time to correct any errors that your friend finds.

Step 4 Read your essay out loud.

  • As you read, correct any errors that you find and make a note of anything that you think could be improved, such as adding more details or clarifying the language.

Planning Your Essay

Step 1 Analyze the topic or essay question.

  • Always ask your professor if you don't understand the assignment. It's important to have a clear idea of what they want before you start working on the assignment.

Aly Rusciano

Aly Rusciano

“Think of your thesis as the point you're trying to prove in your essay. If the essay came with a prompt question, your one-sentence answer is your thesis.”

Step 2 Consider your audience.

  • A well-detailed answer that satisfies the assignment requirements
  • A clear and direct piece of writing that is easy to follow
  • A polished paper with no minor errors, such as typos or misspellings

Step 3 Think about what you will need to include.

  • For example, if you are tasked with writing about a character in a book, then you will need to provide lots of details about that character. This will probably require rereading some passages of your book as well as revisiting your notes from class. [16] X Research source
  • To ensure that your paper is easy to follow, you'll need to make sure that there's a logical order to your essay. Do this by creating an outline and checking your work for logic.
  • Start early and give yourself lots of time for revision. Try to complete your first draft about one week before the paper is due.

Step 4 Develop your ideas.

  • Freewriting . Write as much as you can without stopping. If you can’t think of anything, write “I can’t think of anything to write,” until something comes to mind. After you finish, go over what've written and underline or highlight any useful information for your essay.
  • Listing . Make a list of all of the details and information that are relevant to the essay prompt. After you have listed everything that you can think of, read over it and circle the most important information for your essay.
  • Clustering . Write your topic in the middle of the page, then branch out with other connected ideas. Circle the ideas and connect them to the main one with lines. Keep going until you can't do any more.

Step 5 Research your topic if necessary.

  • Good sources to use for English essays include books, articles from scholarly journals, articles from trustworthy news sources (NY Times, Wall Street Journal, etc.), and government or university sponsored web pages.
  • Many instructors include “research quality” in their grading criteria, so including poor sources, such as blogs, may result in a poor grade.
  • If you are not sure if a source is of good quality, ask your instructor or a librarian.

Expert Q&A

Jake Adams

  • If you choose to have someone critique your essay, try to find someone who fits your essay's target audience. You won't be able to improve your literary analysis of "To Kill a Mockingbird" if you hand it to someone who's never read it. Thanks Helpful 17 Not Helpful 5

essay an anglais

  • Don’t procrastinate on starting and developing your essay. Good writing takes time and careful planning. Thanks Helpful 7 Not Helpful 1

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Write an Essay

  • ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/the_writing_process/thesis_statement_tips.html
  • ↑ http://writingcenter.unc.edu/handouts/introductions/
  • ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/the_writing_process/developing_an_outline/types_of_outlines.html
  • ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/academic_writing/paragraphs_and_paragraphing/index.html
  • ↑ https://opentextbc.ca/writingforsuccess/chapter/chapter-11-developing-a-convincing-argument/
  • ↑ https://guides.libraries.psu.edu/mlacitation/intext
  • ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_formatting_and_style_guide/mla_works_cited_page_basic_format.html
  • ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_formatting_and_style_guide/mla_in_text_citations_the_basics.html
  • ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/common_writing_assignments/argument_papers/index.html
  • ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/the_writing_process/proofreading/index.html
  • ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/academic_writing/essay_writing/argumentative_essays.html
  • ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/common_writing_assignments/understanding_writing_assignments.html
  • ↑ http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/arts/english/currentstudents/undergraduate/modules/fulllist/second/en228/how_to_write_an_essay/
  • ↑ http://writing.ku.edu/prewriting-strategies

About This Article

Jake Adams

To write an English essay, start by collecting your notes and sources to brainstorm a thesis, also known as your main argument. Once you have an argument, begin your essay by writing a paragraph that introduces your topic and thesis. After the introduction, write out body paragraphs, which should each start with a topic sentence and develop your thesis by providing specific examples. Finally, finish your essay with a conclusory paragraph, then, edit it for grammar, clarity, and any filler content. For more, like how to write an outline, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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essay an anglais

Learning Materials

Complete guide: how to write an essay in english.

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Updated: July 31, 2024

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Writing an essay in English can often seem as daunting as climbing a mountain. Between mastering the language and structuring ideas, the challenges are numerous and can discourage many students. An English essay typically consists of an introduction, a body with three main arguments and examples to support your thesis, and a conclusion. In this article, we will explore in detail how to effectively structure your essay, write engaging sections, and use appropriate vocabulary to impress your readers and examiners.

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Understanding the structure of an english essay.

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Understanding the structure of an English essay is essential for successfully communicating your ideas. A typical essay is divided into three main parts: the introduction, the body, and the conclusion. Each part has a specific role that contributes to the overall argument. The introduction serves to present the topic and capture the readers interest, the body develops the main arguments with supporting evidence, and the conclusion summarizes the key points while offering a final reflection.

To ensure your essay is coherent and logical, it is crucial that the ideas are well-organized. Here are some points to consider:

  • Clearly define your thesis in the introduction.
  • Develop logical arguments in the body, ensuring each paragraph addresses a specific point related to your thesis.
  • Conclude thoughtfully , linking back to your thesis and proposing avenues for reflection or open questions.

By adhering to this structure, you will help the reader follow your reasoning and understand the conclusions you have reached. This not only demonstrates your ability to analyze and synthesize information but also your skill in organizing your thoughts clearly and structured. A good structure is therefore not only a framework for your writing but also a demonstration of your understanding of the topic.

Writing an Engaging Introduction

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The first impression is often decisive, and this also applies to the introduction of your essay. An effective introduction should not only present the topic but also captivate the readers interest. Using a relevant hook , such as an intriguing quote, a surprising statistic, or a rhetorical question, can immediately pique the readers curiosity and encourage them to continue reading.

After the hook, it is important to clarify the topic and present the thesis you will defend. Define key terms and briefly outline the plan of your essay to help the reader understand your approach and the structure of your argument. This establishes a clear framework for the rest of your text and shows that you have a deep understanding of the subject matter.

Developing Arguments in the Body of the Essay

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Developing strong arguments in the body of the essay is crucial for effectively supporting your thesis. Each paragraph should begin with a clear introductory sentence that presents the main argument, followed by evidence or examples to support it. This evidence can come from academic research, case studies, or relevant historical examples.

It is also essential to link each argument to your main thesis. This shows how each point contributes to your overall argument. Using transition words such as furthermore, moreover, or however helps create a smooth transition between paragraphs and maintains the coherence of the essay.

Finally, for each argument developed, it can be beneficial to consider and refute potential counterarguments. This not only strengthens your position but also demonstrates your ability to think critically about the topic. Briefly summarizing the argument at the end of the paragraph helps reinforce the point made and sets the stage for the next argument.

Effectively Concluding Your Essay

An effective conclusion should summarize the main points of your essay while reaffirming your thesis. This is an opportunity to show how the arguments you have developed support your initial assertion. Including a succinct summary of your main arguments helps reinforce the impact of your conclusion.

In addition to summarizing, a good conclusion should also offer a final reflection or a call to action . This can encourage the reader to think further about the topic or to act in a certain way. This approach not only leaves a lasting impression but also demonstrates the relevance and importance of your topic in a broader context.

Writing Methods for an English Essay

Writing an English essay requires careful preparation and a thorough understanding of the required structure. Before you start writing, it is essential to plan your work in detail. This involves choosing a relevant topic, clearly defining your thesis, and gathering the main ideas you want to explore. Good planning will help you not only organize your thoughts logically but also ensure that all important aspects of the topic are covered.

Once you have a clear idea of what you want to write, the draft becomes your most valuable tool. This is the time to put your ideas on paper without worrying about perfection. The goal of the draft is to allow you to develop your arguments and structure your essay coherently. During this phase, it is important to:

  • Write freely to explore different perspectives.
  • Organize arguments logically.
  • Use concrete examples to support your points of view.

Finally, revision is a crucial step in writing your essay. After letting your draft rest, reread it with a critical eye to identify grammatical errors, awkward sentences, and arguments that could be strengthened. This is also the time to ensure that your essay meets the assignment requirements and is structured to captivate the readers interest. A thorough revision not only ensures the clarity and coherence of your essay but also allows you to refine your writing style to impress your readers.

Tips for Improving Writing

To improve your writing in English, it is crucial to practice regularly and read various types of texts. Reading exposes you to different sentence structures and writing styles, enriching your own style. Additionally, it is beneficial to use a thesaurus to diversify your vocabulary. Replacing common words with more precise terms or synonyms can not only make your text more interesting but also more precise.

Another useful recommendation is to always keep your target audience in mind. This influences the level of formality and the type of language you use. For example, an academic essay requires a more formal tone and the absence of jargon or colloquial language. Conversely, for a blog or a more casual article, a more conversational style may be appropriate. Adapting your writing to the intended audience is essential to ensure that your message is well received and understood.

Using the Right Vocabulary and Idiomatic Expressions

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Using rich vocabulary and appropriate idiomatic expressions can greatly enhance the quality of your English essay. Integrating expressions such as Needless to say or Let alone can make your writing more natural and engaging. However, it is important to use them wisely to avoid making the text seem overloaded or artificial. Knowing and understanding these expressions will help you incorporate them smoothly into your arguments.

To enrich your vocabulary, it is advisable to read regularly in English, especially articles, books, and essays that use rich and varied language. Take note of new words and expressions you encounter and try to use them in your own writing. This will not only help you improve your understanding of the language but also make your essays more persuasive and interesting.

Developing a Structured Plan for Your Essay

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Developing a structured plan is fundamental to writing a coherent and logical essay. This plan should clearly outline the introduction, body, and conclusion. Each main part should be divided into subsections that address different aspects of your thesis. Here’s how to effectively structure your plan:

  • Introduction : Present the topic and your thesis.
  • Body : Divide it into several paragraphs, each supporting an aspect of your thesis with relevant arguments and examples.
  • Conclusion : Summarize your main arguments and offer a final reflection.

When drafting your plan, it is helpful to note the key points and ideas for each section before starting to write the full content. This ensures that all parts of your essay are well-aligned with your central argument and that you do not stray from the topic. A well-designed plan serves as a guide throughout the writing process, helping you stay focused and organized.

Discover How Samwell.ai Can Transform Your Writing

Samwell.ai revolutionizes the experience of writing English essays by offering personalized support tailored to the specific needs of each student. Whether you are in high school or writing your doctoral thesis, Samwell.ai makes the writing process easier and faster. With its intuitive interface, you can directly enter your topic and get a complete essay structure, with key ideas and suggested developments. Here are some specific benefits that Samwell.ai offers:

  • Personalized writing : The tool adapts its suggestions based on the education level and required writing style.
  • Content suggestions : It generates relevant content ideas that enrich your argument and captivate your audience.
  • Automatic structuring : Samwell.ai proposes a logical structure that facilitates the follow-up of main ideas and effectively supports your thesis.

In addition to simplifying writing, Samwell.ai ensures that each essay is original and plagiarism-free . This is essential in the academic environment where the integrity of work is paramount. The tool uses advanced technologies to scan and compare the text with a vast database, ensuring that all sources are correctly cited and that the content is authentic. Students can focus on developing their ideas without fearing the consequences of plagiarism. Key features include:

  • Originality check : Each essay is analyzed to ensure its uniqueness.
  • Citation format support : Samwell.ai supports major academic citation styles (APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.), ensuring full compliance with academic requirements.
  • Integrated academic resources : Access to a library of resources to enrich the content of the essay.

By leveraging the power of AI, Samwell.ai not only transforms the way essays are written but also ensures their quality and academic compliance.

Frequently Asked Questions

How to write an english essay.

To write an English essay, it is crucial to understand and follow a precise structure, which includes an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. Start by clearly defining your thesis in the introduction, develop your arguments logically in the body, and conclude by summarizing your main points while reaffirming your thesis. Each part must be well-organized so that the reader can follow your reasoning and understand the conclusions you have reached.

How to write a good introduction in English?

A good introduction in English should present the topic, capture the readers interest, and define the thesis you will defend. Use a relevant hook, such as a quote or a rhetorical question, to pique the readers curiosity. Then clarify the topic and briefly outline the plan of your essay. This helps the reader understand your approach and the structure of your argument, establishing a clear framework for the rest of your text.

How to write a good essay in English?

For a good essay in English, start with careful planning where you define your thesis and gather the main ideas. Write a draft to organize your thoughts and arguments logically, using concrete examples to support your points of view. After writing, take the time to revise your work to correct grammatical errors and strengthen the arguments. Finally, ensure that your essay is structured to captivate the readers interest while meeting academic requirements.

How to outline a plan in an English introduction?

To outline a plan in an English introduction, after presenting the topic and defining your thesis, briefly outline the plan of your essay. Mention how you will structure the development of your arguments. For example, you can say that you will explore three main arguments, each supported by specific examples. This prepares the reader to follow the logical structure of your essay and facilitates the understanding of the organization of your argument.

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essay an anglais

Essay – examples & model answers | B2 First (FCE)

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FCE Essay Examples:  Topic (Environment) 

Example exam task:.

In your English class you have been talking about the environment. Write an essay using all the notes and give reasons for your point of view.




Example Answer (Grade: 3)

Example answer:.

I think that my country has problems with pollution to the environment like all other countries. This problem is normal for Russia. We have big problems with transport because there are too much cars in our country. And because of that we have problems with atmospeer, air in my city and in all Russia is really dirty and sometimes I can’t make a sigh because it smells around me and of course around that cars on the road. I’ve heard about tradition of one country. They don’t go anywhere by car one day a month or a year, they just use bycicle or their feet. I think it could be very good if we had a tradition like that.

So, what about the rivers and the seas? Yeah, there are some really good and clean rivers and seas where you can go, but there are not many of them. Once I saw the river OB in my city, it was about two years ago but I stil remember that in some places it was not blue, it was green or purple I didn’t really understand because it had different colours.

I don’t know what should we do. Maybe we should just open our eyes and look what we did. But Russian people don’t care about the world around them many people care only about themselves an that’s all.

So, the best idea is look around and try to do something good for our planet and for us and our children.

FCE, CAE, CPE

Practice, write & improve, examiners comments & grade:.

3All content is relevant to the task but the target reader is on the whole informed rather than fully informed as, the central question as to whether or not the problems can be solved has not really been addressed.

The candidate discusses the environmental impact of transport and the cleanliness of rivers, and provides one suggested solution for the problem of transport (They don’t go anywhere by car one day a month). The writer’s opinion is clear in I think it could be very good if we had a tradition like that.

No solutions are discussed for rivers and seas, and no third aspect of environmental damage is provided.


3The conventions of essay writing are used; there is an opening statement and a development of the subject matter, with a conclusion at the end.

The register is suitably neutral for the most part, although the use of a colloquial yeah is not consistent with the rest of the essay. The essay is written for the most part in an objective way, but there is use of personal, subjective examples (Once I saw the river; I can’t make a sigh), which lessen the impact of the bigger problems.

The target reader’s attention is held and straightforward ideas are communicated

3The text is generally well organised and coherent. It is separated into paragraphs and the punctuation is generally used effectively, although there are some long sentences (And because of that we have problems with atmospeer, air in my city and in all Russia is really dirty and sometimes I can’t make a sigh because it smells around me and of course around that cars on the road).

There is a variety of linking words (because; and; So; because of that) and some cohesive devices such as referencing pronouns, relative clauses and rhetorical questions to connect the ideas within the text.

3There is a range of everyday vocabulary used appropriately, and although there are errors, they do not impede communication (atmospeer; bycicle; sigh).

There is a range of simple and some more complex grammatical forms: past and present verb forms are used with a good degree of control.

Example Answer (Grade: 3-4)

To begin with pollution and damage to the environment is the most serious and difficult problem for countries of all over the world. Scientists of different countries predict a global ecocatastrophe if people won’t change their attitude to our planet.

First of all a huge damage to the environment brings a transport. People can’t imagine their living without cars, buses, trains, ships and planes. But it’s an open secret that one of disadvantage of these accustomed things is harmful exhaust. Needless to say that use of environment friendly engines helps us to save atmosphere from pollution.

In addition to this our rivers and seas are in not less danger situation. It’s a fact of common knowledge that numerous factories and plants pour off their waste to ponds. Obviously that cleaning manufacturing water helps to avoid extinction of ocean residents.

Apart from this I’m inclined to believe that every person can and must contribute to solving this important problem. Doing a little steps for protection our environment every day we will be able to save our Earth. And it’s a task of each of us.

4All content is relevant to the task. However, the target reader is on the whole informed, rather than being fully informed. Both numbered points (transport; rivers and seas) are referred to with some discussion of the problems caused (harmful exhaust; factories which pour off their waste to ponds) and some limited mention of solutions.

No tangible 3rd aspect of environmental damage is discussed.

While the writer does conclude with a strong statement of opinion (every person can and must) the reader is not fully informed on the solutions proposed (Doing a little steps for protection our environment every day we will be able to save our Earth)


3The essay is written in a consistently neutral register and the format is appropriate for the communicative task, using more formal language to introduce the ideas within the text (To begin with; First of all; It’s a fact of common knowledge).

There is a clear essay structure with an opening statement, topic paragraphs and a conclusion which sums up the writer’s point of view.

Straightforward ideas are communicated to the target reader but when more complex ideas are attempted these are sometimes not as successful (Obviously that cleaning manufacturing water helps to avoid extinction of ocean residents).

3The text is generally well organised and coherent, using a variety of linking words and cohesive devices, particularly to introduce the ideas throughout the text (To begin with; In addition to this; Needless to say; Apart from this).

The essay is clearly organised into paragraphs, which each deal with one idea. Occasionally the followup examples are not as clearly connected as they could be. For example, they discuss how factories pollute pond water and then offer a solution which would help ocean residents

3There is a range of everyday vocabulary used appropriately with some attempt to use more sophisticated lexis (a global ecocatastrophe; atmosphere; common knowledge; factories and plants; inclined to believe; must contribute to solving).

There is a range of simple and some more complex grammatical forms used, and although there are errors, these do not impede communication (a huge damage; People can’t imagine their living without cars; one of disadvantage; in not less danger situation).

Model Answer (Grade: 5)

DEVELOPMENT VS ENVIRONMENT

If we surf the web looking for pollution and environmental catastrophes, we will find out that every country in the world suffers them. This is a natural consequence of the struggle between development and environment.

If a country decided to live isolated from the rest of the world, living on what it can naturally grow and produce, it surely wouldn’t be highly polluted. But we all want exotic food and technological items from all over the world, so we have to pay the price.

Investing on electrical transport would benefit the environment a lot. Even more if this electricity came from a natural source of energy like wind, rivers and solar boards. It’s difficult to achieve this because petrol companies will fight against these actions.

We also have to take care of our rivers and seas. We all have heard about factories throwing highly toxic substances to rivers, without minimizing their poisoning effects. A really strict law should be applied to fine these factories and make them change their policy.

But what about ourselves? We also can do a lot! If, when possible, we bought larger packs of food, we would be producing less rubbish. And this is only an example!

5All content is relevant to the task and the target reader is fully informed.

Transport is discussed with suggestions of how using different forms of transport would help the environment (Investing on electrical transport would benefit the environment a lot). The candidate then evaluates the suggestion (It’s difficult to achieve this …).

Water pollution is described and a solution is offered (A really strict law should be applied to fine these factories). The writer’s opinion is clear in the choice of modal should.

A third aspect (waste reduction) is introduced in the final paragraph with a suggestion about how to achieve this (If, when possible, we bought larger packs of food …). The writer’s opinion is expressed clearly (We also can do a lot!).


5The conventions of the essay format are used effectively to hold the target reader’s attention.

There is an introductory paragraph which outlines the issues in general terms, and the concluding paragraph sums up in more concrete terms, what we, the readers can do to help.

The register is consistently appropriate and the subject matter is dealt with in an objective manner, for example Investing on electrical transport; If a country decided.

Straightforward and complex ideas are communicated (It’s difficult to achieve this because petrol companies will fight against these actions).

4The essay is well organised and coherent, using a variety of cohesive devices.

The paragraphs are introduced in a variety of ways, using grammatical structures rather than obvious linkers (If we surf the web; If a country decided; Investing on; We also have to; But what about). More could be done to link across the paragraphs, to make them less independent, but the overall effect is of a cohesive text.

5There is a wide range of vocabulary, including less common lexis used appropriately (environmental catastrophes; highly polluted; exotic food; highly toxic substances; minimizing their poisoning effects; change their policy).

There is a range of simple and complex grammatical forms used with a good degree of control and flexibility to convey certain ideas succinctly.

There are minimal errors which do not impede communication.

FCE Essay Examples: Topic (Fashion) 

In your English class you have been talking about the fashion industry. Write an essay using all the notes and giving reasons for your point of view.





In today’s world, the fashion industry has a strong importance in people’s lives. The fashion industry say to the society what to wear and creates new types of clothes all the time.

Some people claim that the fashion industry has a bad effect on people’s lives, they say that the fashion industry creates clothes that the society has to wear. Furthermore, the clothes’ price is extremely high and people, who can’t afford it, should not be in the society.

In the other hand, the fashion industry guide the people to be in a good appearance, because, nowadays, the appearance of the person is more important than the person itself.

In my opinion, the fashion industry doesn’t has a bad influence on people’s lives. It’s something which was created to help people what to wear.

5All content is relevant and the target reader is fully informed.

The essay discusses the role of the fashion industry and expresses some negative aspects (nowadays, the appearance of the person is more important than the person itself) and also cost (the clothes’ price is extremely high).

The candidate also expresses their own idea, suggesting that the fashion industry has a lot of influence on people (say to the society what to wear).

The candidate concludes the essay with an opinion, which sums up the main points made.


2Some of the conventions of essay writing are used appropriately. The register and tone are consistently formal and there are some expressions which are appropriate for an essay (In today’s world; Some people claim; Furthermore; In my opinion). There is also an introduction and a conclusion.

Although straightforward ideas are communicated, the target reader’s attention is not always held. For example, the final paragraph attempts to sum up the main points, but the ideas are not clearly expressed.

2The text is generally well organised and coherent. There is a clear structure to the text with an introduction, main body and conclusion. Paragraphs are used for the development of ideas.

The text is connected using linking words and a limited number of cohesive devices, some of which are misused. More use of pronouns would limit the repetition of key phrases.

2There is a range of everyday, topic-specific vocabulary, which is used appropriately (creates new types of clothes; Some people claim; extremely high; is more important than).

Simple grammatical forms are used with a good degree of control, although the use of verbs in the third person is not consistent. There are attempts to express ideas using a range of grammatical forms, passives and modals for example, but these are less successful (people, who can’t afford it, should not be in the society; the fashion industry guide the people to be in a good appearance; It’s something which was created to help people what to wear).

Errors are noticeable but meaning can still be determined.

Example Answer (Grade: 4)

Fashion industry is very a discussed subject nowadays: they create and design new clothes everyday in order to satisfy some people needs.

There are many people who claim that the fashion industry is important and good for society. According to them, this industry design beautiful clothes and thanks to that every person can wear shirts, trousers or any acessory which is on today’s fashion.

On the other hand, the fashion industry in some people opinion, controls the market of clothes and because of that they can’t wear what they want to. In addition, the industry can increase the price of clothes, forcing people who don’t want to be “oldfashioned” to buy and pay a large amount of money to keep “beautiful”.

In my opinion, we can’t let the fashion industry decide what we must or musn’t wear. We shouldn’t judge people for its appearance,because that is not important. We must wear whatever we like, want and feel confortable with.

5All content is relevant to the task and the target reader is fully informed.

The candidate discusses the importance of appearance in terms of fashion (this industry design beautiful clothes and thanks to that …) and concludes that We shouldn’t judge people for its appearance.

The negative aspect of the price of clothes is mentioned and an opinion given on how this affects people’s choice (forcing people … to buy and pay a large amount of money to keep “beautiful”).

A third aspect states how choice for consumers is limited due to the fashion industry’s control over design and the market (the fashion industry in some people opinion, controls the market of clothes)


3The conventions of essay writing are used appropriately. There is an introduction, topic paragraph and a conclusion. The register is appropriate for the task, using generally neutral language to discuss both positive and negative aspects of the question.

Straightforward ideas are communicated, using some appropriate language (in order to; According to them; the industry can increase) to introduce the ideas, and to hold the target reader’s attention.

4The essay is well organised and coherent. There is a clear overall structure and the ideas are linked across sentences and paragraphs using referencing, substitution and paraphrasing to avoid repetition.

There are a variety of appropriate linking words and cohesive devices (many people who; According to them; this industry; thanks to that; On the other hand; In addition; In my opinion).

3A range of everyday, topic-specific vocabulary is used appropriately (to satisfy some people needs; good for society; controls the market; forcing people) but some errors do occur with less common lexis and expressions (on today’s fashion).

A range of simple and some complex grammatical forms is used with a good degree of control (can increase the price of clothes, forcing people who don’t want to be).

There are some repeated errors with prepositions and third person verbs, but these do not impede communication.

The society we live today is characterised by technology in constant development, fast speed processes, information travelling and getting to people at a blink of an eye and a complex web of social networking. In this context, the fashion industry is becoming increasingly important and having a more and more paramount role in our lives.

On one hand, the fashion industry is undeniably a source of profit and income. It hires millions of people all over the world and generates millions of dollars every year. Furthermore, such profitable business is also believed to be able to spread and make known the culture of a people, encouraging and enhancing a better understanding of each other.

Nevertheless, for those who are neither impressed nor motivated by numbers and figures, the fashion industry is seen as one which segregates people, isolating those who not fit their laws and commands. It is stated that people place too much importance on appearance and the material, world, sadly true, and the fashion industry just spurs on such situation. Moreover, not only are the costs of fashion item unrealistically high, it is thought to be a money better spent on more pressing issues, such as poverty and hunger.

I do believe that the fashion industry, as it is today, has a harmful effect, because it values a minority of people in detriment to the majority. However, it has such a wide reach that, it put into a good use, it can save lives.

5All content is relevant to the task and the target reader is fully informed.

The candidate presents a balanced argument, discussing their own idea first that the fashion industry is important as it provides jobs and income for a huge number of people.

The essay then discusses the negative aspect of the fashion industry in relation to appearance (the fashion industry is seen as one which segregates people; people place too much importance on appearance).

Finally, the high cost of fashion is mentioned in relation to the price of clothes and it is suggested that money could be better spent on social issues rather than on fashion.


5The conventions of essay writing are used effectively to hold the target reader’s attention. The register and tone are consistently appropriate and there is a range of suitable expressions which introduce both positive and negative aspects of the question, which are balanced throughout the essay.

Straightforward and more complex ideas are communicated, making links between the importance of fashion in consumers’ lives and how the fashion industry affects people, communities and wider society (the fashion industry is undeniably a source of profit and income. It hires millions of people all over the world; it values a minority of people in detriment to the majority).

5The essay is well organised and coherent. There is a clear overall structure and the ideas are linked effectively across paragraphs and sentences through the use of paraphrasing, substitution, ellipsis and referencing (In this context; It hires; such profitable business is also believed; Nevertheless, for those who; sadly true; such situation; not only are).

Organisational patterns are used to generally good effect, for example links are made between fashion and industry, fashion and finance and fashion and society throughout the text, making clear connections between the separate aspects.

5There is a range of vocabulary, including less common lexis which is used appropriately in most cases (is characterised by; at a blink of an eye; paramount role; undeniably; the culture of a people; enhancing; neither impressed nor motivated; segregates; isolating; in detriment to).

A range of simple and complex grammatical forms is used with control and flexibility to express more complex ideas.

Although there are some errors, these mainly occur when more ambitious language is attempted and do not impede communication.

FCE Essay Examples: Topic (Languages) 

In your English class, you have been talking about learning languages. Now your English teacher has asked you to write an essay for homework.

Write an essay using the notes and giving reasons for your point of view.




“There are more reasons to learn a foreign language than to pass a test”

Everything around us revolves around language(s), it is the most important thing in our lives. Society would just not function without it. They are It is our future and I would personaly love to learn as many as I possibly can.

Not everything in life is done because it is necessary. Learning a new language can be a lot of fun. Many people only do it as a hoby, or their knowledge is something that brings them pride and pleasure.

Secondly, we have people who do it simply to challenge themselves. Truly I believe that having a great outcome that stems from your hard work and dedication to learn something new is a wonderful way to challenge prove your ability to yourself and others. Then there is travelling. It is very important to be able to understand and have a conversation with someone abroad, unless you would like to get lost or worse.

To conclude, I think that learning a new language is an amazing thing no matter why you do it. It is always better to do things out of enjoyment, but even if you do it for a test, that knowledge will always be useful.

5All of the content is relevant to the task. The candidate has discussed pleasure, personal challenge and travel as different motivations for learning a language, so the target reader is fully informed.

5The conventions of the essay genre have been used effectively to hold the target reader’s attention. Straightforward and complex ideas have been communicated:
4The text is well organised and coherent, using a variety of linking words and cohesive devices:
4A range of vocabulary, including less common lexis, is used appropriately:

A range of simple and some complex grammatical forms has been used with control and some fexibility: 

The errors do not impede communication: …

Learning a a foreign languages is very important nowadays. English, in particular, is essential because it allows is spoken all over the world. That’s the reason why we start studying it from the age of six years old. Going abroad and being able to speak to native people is very satisfying and that’s why I want to improve my knowledge about foreign languages.

I decided to take this exam to know how high my level of English is, but also because I need this certification to go abroad next summer. I really want to come back to Cornwall, an amazing region in the South-West of England. I’ve been there twice with my family, but now I want to go alone. Only being there to England I can really improve my English comprehension and speaking skills.

Fortunately I can will have some English lessons which taught in English at university and I can’t wait for it because it will be an interesting challenge for me. Studying foreign languages is essential to live and to travel. It isn’t simple and I surely have to challenge myself everyday, but the result is so satisfying that we I can’t do without it.

3There is some minor irrelevance here, since the focus of the discussion seems to be the candidate’s personal experience and motivation, and the points about learning for pleasure and personal challenge are only incidentally addressed. The target reader is on the whole informed.

4The conventions of the essay genre have been used to hold the target reader’s attention. Straightforward and some complex ideas have been communicated:
3The text is generally well organised and coherent, using a variety of linking words and cohesive devices:
4A range of vocabulary, including less common lexis, has been used appropriately:

A range of simple and complex grammatical forms has been used with a good degree of control:

The errors do not impede communication:

FCE Essay Example: Topic (History) 

In your English class you have been talking about learning history at school. Now, your English teacher has asked you to write an essay.

Write an essay using all the notes and giving reasons for your point of view.




A very common topic that is being discussed nowadays is wether schools should teach subjects that some may consider useless later in life. A clear example is history, since it is quite difficult to learn and does not help us in day-to-day activities.

However, many people do not realize the importance of it or that it affects our lives today. For example, our political system would not be this way if it weren’t for the Ancient Greeks, numerous politicians and wars who helped shape democracy and our constitution. Yet it is still thought that it’s useless.

In addition, it is very important that we never forget about our past since we must know where we were standing years ago. Moreover, there are some things, such as World War II, that we have to remember to prevent them from happening again. We should also know where we we were standing a century ago: our origins, our identity. The more you learn about your ethnicity, the better.

All in all, I think that it is extremely important to learn about one’s own country’s history. Anyone who gets the chance to do this should not waste it, since they are very fortunate to have this opportunity

5All content is relevant to the task and the target reader is fully informed.
The first two points have been discussed together in detail and a third
point, about origins and identity, has been included.

5The conventions of essay writing have been used effectively to discuss the issues in an informed manner. Straightforward and some more complex ideas, for example the point about the Ancient Greeks and the closing statement, are communicated using an engaging tone which is suitable for a wide audience and which holds the reader’s attention throughout.
5The text is well organised and coherent and makes effective use of a variety of cohesive devices to skilfully connect ideas both within and across sentences and paragraphs. Some organisational patterns are used to good effect, for example the parallel short statements ending the third and fourth paragraphs.
5There is a range of vocabulary, including less common lexis (numerous politicians; shape democracy and our constitution; our origins, our identity; your ethnicity) used appropriately. There is a range of simple and complex grammatical forms used with control and flexibility. Errors, mainly related to less common lexis, are minimal.

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  • 40 Useful Words and Phrases for Top-Notch Essays

essay an anglais

To be truly brilliant, an essay needs to utilise the right language. You could make a great point, but if it’s not intelligently articulated, you almost needn’t have bothered.

Developing the language skills to build an argument and to write persuasively is crucial if you’re to write outstanding essays every time. In this article, we’re going to equip you with the words and phrases you need to write a top-notch essay, along with examples of how to utilise them.

It’s by no means an exhaustive list, and there will often be other ways of using the words and phrases we describe that we won’t have room to include, but there should be more than enough below to help you make an instant improvement to your essay-writing skills.

If you’re interested in developing your language and persuasive skills, Oxford Royale offers summer courses at its Oxford Summer School , Cambridge Summer School , London Summer School , San Francisco Summer School and Yale Summer School . You can study courses to learn english , prepare for careers in law , medicine , business , engineering and leadership.

General explaining

Let’s start by looking at language for general explanations of complex points.

1. In order to

Usage: “In order to” can be used to introduce an explanation for the purpose of an argument. Example: “In order to understand X, we need first to understand Y.”

2. In other words

Usage: Use “in other words” when you want to express something in a different way (more simply), to make it easier to understand, or to emphasise or expand on a point. Example: “Frogs are amphibians. In other words, they live on the land and in the water.”

3. To put it another way

Usage: This phrase is another way of saying “in other words”, and can be used in particularly complex points, when you feel that an alternative way of wording a problem may help the reader achieve a better understanding of its significance. Example: “Plants rely on photosynthesis. To put it another way, they will die without the sun.”

4. That is to say

Usage: “That is” and “that is to say” can be used to add further detail to your explanation, or to be more precise. Example: “Whales are mammals. That is to say, they must breathe air.”

5. To that end

Usage: Use “to that end” or “to this end” in a similar way to “in order to” or “so”. Example: “Zoologists have long sought to understand how animals communicate with each other. To that end, a new study has been launched that looks at elephant sounds and their possible meanings.”

Adding additional information to support a point

Students often make the mistake of using synonyms of “and” each time they want to add further information in support of a point they’re making, or to build an argument. Here are some cleverer ways of doing this.

6. Moreover

Usage: Employ “moreover” at the start of a sentence to add extra information in support of a point you’re making. Example: “Moreover, the results of a recent piece of research provide compelling evidence in support of…”

7. Furthermore

Usage:This is also generally used at the start of a sentence, to add extra information. Example: “Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that…”

8. What’s more

Usage: This is used in the same way as “moreover” and “furthermore”. Example: “What’s more, this isn’t the only evidence that supports this hypothesis.”

9. Likewise

Usage: Use “likewise” when you want to talk about something that agrees with what you’ve just mentioned. Example: “Scholar A believes X. Likewise, Scholar B argues compellingly in favour of this point of view.”

10. Similarly

Usage: Use “similarly” in the same way as “likewise”. Example: “Audiences at the time reacted with shock to Beethoven’s new work, because it was very different to what they were used to. Similarly, we have a tendency to react with surprise to the unfamiliar.”

11. Another key thing to remember

Usage: Use the phrase “another key point to remember” or “another key fact to remember” to introduce additional facts without using the word “also”. Example: “As a Romantic, Blake was a proponent of a closer relationship between humans and nature. Another key point to remember is that Blake was writing during the Industrial Revolution, which had a major impact on the world around him.”

12. As well as

Usage: Use “as well as” instead of “also” or “and”. Example: “Scholar A argued that this was due to X, as well as Y.”

13. Not only… but also

Usage: This wording is used to add an extra piece of information, often something that’s in some way more surprising or unexpected than the first piece of information. Example: “Not only did Edmund Hillary have the honour of being the first to reach the summit of Everest, but he was also appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire.”

14. Coupled with

Usage: Used when considering two or more arguments at a time. Example: “Coupled with the literary evidence, the statistics paint a compelling view of…”

15. Firstly, secondly, thirdly…

Usage: This can be used to structure an argument, presenting facts clearly one after the other. Example: “There are many points in support of this view. Firstly, X. Secondly, Y. And thirdly, Z.

16. Not to mention/to say nothing of

Usage: “Not to mention” and “to say nothing of” can be used to add extra information with a bit of emphasis. Example: “The war caused unprecedented suffering to millions of people, not to mention its impact on the country’s economy.”

Words and phrases for demonstrating contrast

When you’re developing an argument, you will often need to present contrasting or opposing opinions or evidence – “it could show this, but it could also show this”, or “X says this, but Y disagrees”. This section covers words you can use instead of the “but” in these examples, to make your writing sound more intelligent and interesting.

17. However

Usage: Use “however” to introduce a point that disagrees with what you’ve just said. Example: “Scholar A thinks this. However, Scholar B reached a different conclusion.”

18. On the other hand

Usage: Usage of this phrase includes introducing a contrasting interpretation of the same piece of evidence, a different piece of evidence that suggests something else, or an opposing opinion. Example: “The historical evidence appears to suggest a clear-cut situation. On the other hand, the archaeological evidence presents a somewhat less straightforward picture of what happened that day.”

19. Having said that

Usage: Used in a similar manner to “on the other hand” or “but”. Example: “The historians are unanimous in telling us X, an agreement that suggests that this version of events must be an accurate account. Having said that, the archaeology tells a different story.”

20. By contrast/in comparison

Usage: Use “by contrast” or “in comparison” when you’re comparing and contrasting pieces of evidence. Example: “Scholar A’s opinion, then, is based on insufficient evidence. By contrast, Scholar B’s opinion seems more plausible.”

21. Then again

Usage: Use this to cast doubt on an assertion. Example: “Writer A asserts that this was the reason for what happened. Then again, it’s possible that he was being paid to say this.”

22. That said

Usage: This is used in the same way as “then again”. Example: “The evidence ostensibly appears to point to this conclusion. That said, much of the evidence is unreliable at best.”

Usage: Use this when you want to introduce a contrasting idea. Example: “Much of scholarship has focused on this evidence. Yet not everyone agrees that this is the most important aspect of the situation.”

Adding a proviso or acknowledging reservations

Sometimes, you may need to acknowledge a shortfalling in a piece of evidence, or add a proviso. Here are some ways of doing so.

24. Despite this

Usage: Use “despite this” or “in spite of this” when you want to outline a point that stands regardless of a shortfalling in the evidence. Example: “The sample size was small, but the results were important despite this.”

25. With this in mind

Usage: Use this when you want your reader to consider a point in the knowledge of something else. Example: “We’ve seen that the methods used in the 19th century study did not always live up to the rigorous standards expected in scientific research today, which makes it difficult to draw definite conclusions. With this in mind, let’s look at a more recent study to see how the results compare.”

26. Provided that

Usage: This means “on condition that”. You can also say “providing that” or just “providing” to mean the same thing. Example: “We may use this as evidence to support our argument, provided that we bear in mind the limitations of the methods used to obtain it.”

27. In view of/in light of

Usage: These phrases are used when something has shed light on something else. Example: “In light of the evidence from the 2013 study, we have a better understanding of…”

28. Nonetheless

Usage: This is similar to “despite this”. Example: “The study had its limitations, but it was nonetheless groundbreaking for its day.”

29. Nevertheless

Usage: This is the same as “nonetheless”. Example: “The study was flawed, but it was important nevertheless.”

30. Notwithstanding

Usage: This is another way of saying “nonetheless”. Example: “Notwithstanding the limitations of the methodology used, it was an important study in the development of how we view the workings of the human mind.”

Giving examples

Good essays always back up points with examples, but it’s going to get boring if you use the expression “for example” every time. Here are a couple of other ways of saying the same thing.

31. For instance

Example: “Some birds migrate to avoid harsher winter climates. Swallows, for instance, leave the UK in early winter and fly south…”

32. To give an illustration

Example: “To give an illustration of what I mean, let’s look at the case of…”

Signifying importance

When you want to demonstrate that a point is particularly important, there are several ways of highlighting it as such.

33. Significantly

Usage: Used to introduce a point that is loaded with meaning that might not be immediately apparent. Example: “Significantly, Tacitus omits to tell us the kind of gossip prevalent in Suetonius’ accounts of the same period.”

34. Notably

Usage: This can be used to mean “significantly” (as above), and it can also be used interchangeably with “in particular” (the example below demonstrates the first of these ways of using it). Example: “Actual figures are notably absent from Scholar A’s analysis.”

35. Importantly

Usage: Use “importantly” interchangeably with “significantly”. Example: “Importantly, Scholar A was being employed by X when he wrote this work, and was presumably therefore under pressure to portray the situation more favourably than he perhaps might otherwise have done.”

Summarising

You’ve almost made it to the end of the essay, but your work isn’t over yet. You need to end by wrapping up everything you’ve talked about, showing that you’ve considered the arguments on both sides and reached the most likely conclusion. Here are some words and phrases to help you.

36. In conclusion

Usage: Typically used to introduce the concluding paragraph or sentence of an essay, summarising what you’ve discussed in a broad overview. Example: “In conclusion, the evidence points almost exclusively to Argument A.”

37. Above all

Usage: Used to signify what you believe to be the most significant point, and the main takeaway from the essay. Example: “Above all, it seems pertinent to remember that…”

38. Persuasive

Usage: This is a useful word to use when summarising which argument you find most convincing. Example: “Scholar A’s point – that Constanze Mozart was motivated by financial gain – seems to me to be the most persuasive argument for her actions following Mozart’s death.”

39. Compelling

Usage: Use in the same way as “persuasive” above. Example: “The most compelling argument is presented by Scholar A.”

40. All things considered

Usage: This means “taking everything into account”. Example: “All things considered, it seems reasonable to assume that…”

How many of these words and phrases will you get into your next essay? And are any of your favourite essay terms missing from our list? Let us know in the comments below, or get in touch here to find out more about courses that can help you with your essays.

At Oxford Royale Academy, we offer a number of  summer school courses for young people who are keen to improve their essay writing skills. Click here to apply for one of our courses today, including law , business , medicine  and engineering .

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  • Example of a great essay | Explanations, tips & tricks

Example of a Great Essay | Explanations, Tips & Tricks

Published on February 9, 2015 by Shane Bryson . Revised on July 23, 2023 by Shona McCombes.

This example guides you through the structure of an essay. It shows how to build an effective introduction , focused paragraphs , clear transitions between ideas, and a strong conclusion .

Each paragraph addresses a single central point, introduced by a topic sentence , and each point is directly related to the thesis statement .

As you read, hover over the highlighted parts to learn what they do and why they work.

Instantly correct all language mistakes in your text

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Table of contents

Other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about writing an essay, an appeal to the senses: the development of the braille system in nineteenth-century france.

The invention of Braille was a major turning point in the history of disability. The writing system of raised dots used by visually impaired people was developed by Louis Braille in nineteenth-century France. In a society that did not value disabled people in general, blindness was particularly stigmatized, and lack of access to reading and writing was a significant barrier to social participation. The idea of tactile reading was not entirely new, but existing methods based on sighted systems were difficult to learn and use. As the first writing system designed for blind people’s needs, Braille was a groundbreaking new accessibility tool. It not only provided practical benefits, but also helped change the cultural status of blindness. This essay begins by discussing the situation of blind people in nineteenth-century Europe. It then describes the invention of Braille and the gradual process of its acceptance within blind education. Subsequently, it explores the wide-ranging effects of this invention on blind people’s social and cultural lives.

Lack of access to reading and writing put blind people at a serious disadvantage in nineteenth-century society. Text was one of the primary methods through which people engaged with culture, communicated with others, and accessed information; without a well-developed reading system that did not rely on sight, blind people were excluded from social participation (Weygand, 2009). While disabled people in general suffered from discrimination, blindness was widely viewed as the worst disability, and it was commonly believed that blind people were incapable of pursuing a profession or improving themselves through culture (Weygand, 2009). This demonstrates the importance of reading and writing to social status at the time: without access to text, it was considered impossible to fully participate in society. Blind people were excluded from the sighted world, but also entirely dependent on sighted people for information and education.

In France, debates about how to deal with disability led to the adoption of different strategies over time. While people with temporary difficulties were able to access public welfare, the most common response to people with long-term disabilities, such as hearing or vision loss, was to group them together in institutions (Tombs, 1996). At first, a joint institute for the blind and deaf was created, and although the partnership was motivated more by financial considerations than by the well-being of the residents, the institute aimed to help people develop skills valuable to society (Weygand, 2009). Eventually blind institutions were separated from deaf institutions, and the focus shifted towards education of the blind, as was the case for the Royal Institute for Blind Youth, which Louis Braille attended (Jimenez et al, 2009). The growing acknowledgement of the uniqueness of different disabilities led to more targeted education strategies, fostering an environment in which the benefits of a specifically blind education could be more widely recognized.

Several different systems of tactile reading can be seen as forerunners to the method Louis Braille developed, but these systems were all developed based on the sighted system. The Royal Institute for Blind Youth in Paris taught the students to read embossed roman letters, a method created by the school’s founder, Valentin Hauy (Jimenez et al., 2009). Reading this way proved to be a rather arduous task, as the letters were difficult to distinguish by touch. The embossed letter method was based on the reading system of sighted people, with minimal adaptation for those with vision loss. As a result, this method did not gain significant success among blind students.

Louis Braille was bound to be influenced by his school’s founder, but the most influential pre-Braille tactile reading system was Charles Barbier’s night writing. A soldier in Napoleon’s army, Barbier developed a system in 1819 that used 12 dots with a five line musical staff (Kersten, 1997). His intention was to develop a system that would allow the military to communicate at night without the need for light (Herron, 2009). The code developed by Barbier was phonetic (Jimenez et al., 2009); in other words, the code was designed for sighted people and was based on the sounds of words, not on an actual alphabet. Barbier discovered that variants of raised dots within a square were the easiest method of reading by touch (Jimenez et al., 2009). This system proved effective for the transmission of short messages between military personnel, but the symbols were too large for the fingertip, greatly reducing the speed at which a message could be read (Herron, 2009). For this reason, it was unsuitable for daily use and was not widely adopted in the blind community.

Nevertheless, Barbier’s military dot system was more efficient than Hauy’s embossed letters, and it provided the framework within which Louis Braille developed his method. Barbier’s system, with its dashes and dots, could form over 4000 combinations (Jimenez et al., 2009). Compared to the 26 letters of the Latin alphabet, this was an absurdly high number. Braille kept the raised dot form, but developed a more manageable system that would reflect the sighted alphabet. He replaced Barbier’s dashes and dots with just six dots in a rectangular configuration (Jimenez et al., 2009). The result was that the blind population in France had a tactile reading system using dots (like Barbier’s) that was based on the structure of the sighted alphabet (like Hauy’s); crucially, this system was the first developed specifically for the purposes of the blind.

While the Braille system gained immediate popularity with the blind students at the Institute in Paris, it had to gain acceptance among the sighted before its adoption throughout France. This support was necessary because sighted teachers and leaders had ultimate control over the propagation of Braille resources. Many of the teachers at the Royal Institute for Blind Youth resisted learning Braille’s system because they found the tactile method of reading difficult to learn (Bullock & Galst, 2009). This resistance was symptomatic of the prevalent attitude that the blind population had to adapt to the sighted world rather than develop their own tools and methods. Over time, however, with the increasing impetus to make social contribution possible for all, teachers began to appreciate the usefulness of Braille’s system (Bullock & Galst, 2009), realizing that access to reading could help improve the productivity and integration of people with vision loss. It took approximately 30 years, but the French government eventually approved the Braille system, and it was established throughout the country (Bullock & Galst, 2009).

Although Blind people remained marginalized throughout the nineteenth century, the Braille system granted them growing opportunities for social participation. Most obviously, Braille allowed people with vision loss to read the same alphabet used by sighted people (Bullock & Galst, 2009), allowing them to participate in certain cultural experiences previously unavailable to them. Written works, such as books and poetry, had previously been inaccessible to the blind population without the aid of a reader, limiting their autonomy. As books began to be distributed in Braille, this barrier was reduced, enabling people with vision loss to access information autonomously. The closing of the gap between the abilities of blind and the sighted contributed to a gradual shift in blind people’s status, lessening the cultural perception of the blind as essentially different and facilitating greater social integration.

The Braille system also had important cultural effects beyond the sphere of written culture. Its invention later led to the development of a music notation system for the blind, although Louis Braille did not develop this system himself (Jimenez, et al., 2009). This development helped remove a cultural obstacle that had been introduced by the popularization of written musical notation in the early 1500s. While music had previously been an arena in which the blind could participate on equal footing, the transition from memory-based performance to notation-based performance meant that blind musicians were no longer able to compete with sighted musicians (Kersten, 1997). As a result, a tactile musical notation system became necessary for professional equality between blind and sighted musicians (Kersten, 1997).

Braille paved the way for dramatic cultural changes in the way blind people were treated and the opportunities available to them. Louis Braille’s innovation was to reimagine existing reading systems from a blind perspective, and the success of this invention required sighted teachers to adapt to their students’ reality instead of the other way around. In this sense, Braille helped drive broader social changes in the status of blindness. New accessibility tools provide practical advantages to those who need them, but they can also change the perspectives and attitudes of those who do not.

Bullock, J. D., & Galst, J. M. (2009). The Story of Louis Braille. Archives of Ophthalmology , 127(11), 1532. https://​doi.org/10.1001/​archophthalmol.2009.286.

Herron, M. (2009, May 6). Blind visionary. Retrieved from https://​eandt.theiet.org/​content/​articles/2009/05/​blind-visionary/.

Jiménez, J., Olea, J., Torres, J., Alonso, I., Harder, D., & Fischer, K. (2009). Biography of Louis Braille and Invention of the Braille Alphabet. Survey of Ophthalmology , 54(1), 142–149. https://​doi.org/10.1016/​j.survophthal.2008.10.006.

Kersten, F.G. (1997). The history and development of Braille music methodology. The Bulletin of Historical Research in Music Education , 18(2). Retrieved from https://​www.jstor.org/​stable/40214926.

Mellor, C.M. (2006). Louis Braille: A touch of genius . Boston: National Braille Press.

Tombs, R. (1996). France: 1814-1914 . London: Pearson Education Ltd.

Weygand, Z. (2009). The blind in French society from the Middle Ages to the century of Louis Braille . Stanford: Stanford University Press.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

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An essay is a focused piece of writing that explains, argues, describes, or narrates.

In high school, you may have to write many different types of essays to develop your writing skills.

Academic essays at college level are usually argumentative : you develop a clear thesis about your topic and make a case for your position using evidence, analysis and interpretation.

The structure of an essay is divided into an introduction that presents your topic and thesis statement , a body containing your in-depth analysis and arguments, and a conclusion wrapping up your ideas.

The structure of the body is flexible, but you should always spend some time thinking about how you can organize your essay to best serve your ideas.

Your essay introduction should include three main things, in this order:

  • An opening hook to catch the reader’s attention.
  • Relevant background information that the reader needs to know.
  • A thesis statement that presents your main point or argument.

The length of each part depends on the length and complexity of your essay .

A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . Everything else you write should relate to this key idea.

A topic sentence is a sentence that expresses the main point of a paragraph . Everything else in the paragraph should relate to the topic sentence.

At college level, you must properly cite your sources in all essays , research papers , and other academic texts (except exams and in-class exercises).

Add a citation whenever you quote , paraphrase , or summarize information or ideas from a source. You should also give full source details in a bibliography or reference list at the end of your text.

The exact format of your citations depends on which citation style you are instructed to use. The most common styles are APA , MLA , and Chicago .

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If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

Bryson, S. (2023, July 23). Example of a Great Essay | Explanations, Tips & Tricks. Scribbr. Retrieved October 15, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/academic-essay/example-essay-structure/

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Shane finished his master's degree in English literature in 2013 and has been working as a writing tutor and editor since 2009. He began proofreading and editing essays with Scribbr in early summer, 2014.

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Réussir l’essay en anglais : la méthode

La rédaction d’un essai en anglais exige une méthodologie rigoureuse pour produire un texte cohérent, structuré et convaincant. Voici une série de conseils pratiques pour réussir cet exercice académique. D’abord les plus essentiels, puis quelques erreurs courantes, et enfin quelques conseils plus experts.

Conseils essentiels pour la rédaction d’un essay en anglais

Éviter les erreurs courantes.

Pour réussir votre essay, il est crucial d’éviter certaines erreurs communes :

Conseils pour exceller avec l’essay

Pour réussir la rédaction d’un essai en anglais, il est essentiel de suivre une méthodologie précise, d’éviter les erreurs courantes et de faire preuve d’originalité et de clarté dans l’expression de vos idées. En vous appuyant sur ces conseils, vous pourrez élaborer un essai cohérent, bien structuré et convaincant, répondant aux attentes académiques de Sciences Po ou autre institution.

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Comment rédiger la meilleure dissertation en anglais possible ? Découvrez nos trucs et astuces pour transformer… l'essay !

Lorsqu’on étudie à Londres, ou dans n’importe quelle autre ville du Royaume-Uni, on peut pas y échapper : pour valider un semestre ou une année universitaire, on demande aux étudiant·e·s de rédiger un essay , c’est-à-dire une dissertation en anglais.

Si vous êtes sur le point de vous inscrire à l’université, ou si vous êtes déjà étudiants mais que vous y avez pour l’instant encore échappé, préparez-vous psychologiquement. Car les moyens d’échapper à la préparation de l’ essay en anglais sont de plus en plus limités. Aujourd’hui, dans n’importe quelle université du monde, de plus en plus de cours sont dispensés en anglais, dont certains sont obligatoires, et les dissertations en anglais sont beaucoup plus fréquentes que les examens classiques de chez nous. Les examens d’anglais divisent les étudiants en deux catégories : ceux qui réussissent haut la main et ceux qui ratent leurs examens pendant trois, voire cinq ans, en attente d’un miracle.

Et il y a pire. Dans certains cas, des cours sont entièrement dispensés en anglais, non seulement dans les pays anglophones mais aussi dans de nombreux pays de l’UE, dont la France. C’est ce que l’on appelle une arme à double tranchant : elle peut vous permettre d’aller étudier dans n’importe quel pays de l’UE , ne serait-ce que pour un Erasmus, mais elle peut aussi vous créer d’énormes difficultés.

Cependant, un certain nombre d’astuces peuvent vous aider à limiter la casse. Bien sûr, une bonne base d’anglais est nécessaire , mais l’anglais académique varie beaucoup de la langue anglaise de tous les jours. C’est pourquoi, dans cet article, nous allons étudier la structure d’une bonne dissertation en anglais sous toutes ses coutures : plan, argumentation et langue. Et pour vous permettre de mieux comprendre les différents points, j’utiliserai à titre d’exemple un essay en anglais rédigé par mes soins, sur les droits de l’homme au Japon.

(Lire aussi : Comment préparer un « elevator pitch » ? )

L’essentiel : qu’est-ce qu’une bonne dissertation en anglais ?

1. la dissertation en anglais : c’est-à-dire .

Avant de nous mettre à écrire des pages et des pages, nous devons clarifier la nature de l’ essay académique. Les formations diplômantes en anglais privilégient ce type d’examen parce qu’il ne s’agit pas de l’interrogation classique dans laquelle les étudiants récitent les notions apprises. Dans un essai, les leçons doivent être comprises, internalisées et retravaillées. La connaissance, en effet, n’est pas le point final mais seulement la base sur laquelle construire une argumentation complexe et originale. En d’autres termes, l’université de type anglo-saxon préfère l’ essay académique, car il apprend aux étudiants à faire des recherches, à argumenter et surtout à utiliser les connaissances qu’ils ont étudiées, ce qui est tout sauf une fin en soi.

2. La recherche : Google Scholar, votre site de chevet

Une fois sa nature comprise, la première chose à faire est de partir de l’essence même de la dissertation en anglais : la recherche, qui se divise en deux étapes.

La première et la plus courte est le choix du sujet. En général, les étudiants ont le choix parmi plusieurs sujets, ou dans les cours les plus extrêmes, où je me retrouve toujours, ils doivent même choisir leur sujet eux-mêmes. Après une brève sélection dans laquelle vous identifiez deux ou trois possibilités, une petite recherche sur Google Scholar vous montrera à quel point il est facile de trouver vos sources : articles universitaires et livres sur le sujet. Si vous vous rendez compte, à l’issue de cette première recherche, que les sources sont rares, je peux vous le dire tout de suite : abandonnez et changez de thème.

La deuxième étape de la recherche est la partie la plus longue et la plus importante du processus de préparation d’un essay universitaire en anglais. À ce stade, vous devrez lire un certain nombre d’articles universitaires, de livres et de chapitres de livres, en identifiant les informations qui, selon vous, seront les plus utiles à votre dissertation. Pendant cette étape, je vous recommande de prendre de nombreuses notes, classées par auteur, éventuellement sur un ordinateur, afin de pouvoir retrouver facilement des informations utiles à l’aide de la fonction « recherche ». En général, un essay de 2 500 mots comporte environ 12 sources académiques, ou primaires, plus des articles de journaux tels que The Economist , qui constituent les sources dites non académiques, ou secondaires.

Mon essay de 2 000 mots comportait 11 sources académiques, telles que les suivantes :

– Barrett, K., 2004. Women in the Workplace: Sexual Discrimination in Japan. Human Rights Brief , 11(2), pp.1-4.

3. Thèse de l’essay en anglais

Au milieu ou même à la fin de votre recherche, vous devrez presque toujours choisir une thèse à défendre au cours de votre essay . D’après mon expérience, les thèses précises ont plus de chances d’obtenir de bonnes notes car elles mènent à un essay précis et non pas vague, dont l’argumentation est très forte. Chaque professeur a des préférences très spécifiques quant au type de thèse qu’il apprécie, je vous suggère donc de leur demander conseil.

Dans mon essay , la thèse était :

“ when international and Japanese norms and customs clash there is a compliance gap between pressured ratification of treaties and the country’s norms, which result in human rights violations. “

4. Entretien ou échanges par e-mail avec les enseignants

À ce stade, en effet, bien que cette pratique ne soit malheureusement pas encore très répandue chez nous, l’idéal est de contacter directement les professeurs. N’ayez pas peur de les harceler : même si vous n’en avez pas l’impression parfois, c’est leur travail de vous répondre ! Dans un échange par e-mail ou lors d’une courte rencontre, je vous recommande de leur présenter votre thèse et vos recherches, pour voir s’ils aiment la direction que prend votre essay .

Retroussez vos manches : la rédaction

5. structure d’un essay en anglais.

Avec les conseils que vous avez (espérons-le) reçus de l’enseignant⸱e, c’est maintenant à vous de vous asseoir à votre bureau et de réorganiser toutes vos notes, afin d’esquisser une structure logique qui va venir défendre votre thèse.

Je sais, je sais : vous n’avez jamais vraiment cru à cette histoire de structure. Moi non plus, à vrai dire, avant de déménager à Londres. Pendant plusieurs années, j’ai toujours trouvé que c’était une énorme perte de temps. Dans une dissertation en anglais, cependant, la structure est cruciale, à tel point qu’elle est parfois incluse dans les points à évaluer pour calculer la note finale.

Un essay se compose généralement de trois parties : introduction, développement (ou main body ) et conclusion. Le développement (ou «  main body  » en anglais), qui est la partie qui nous intéresse maintenant, doit être composée de plusieurs paragraphes de 250-350 mots. Les paragraphes sont des blocs de texte logiques qui viennent soutenir votre thèse : chaque paragraphe doit présenter un argument différent à l’appui de la thèse, et les paragraphes doivent se suivre dans un ordre logique.

Le développement de mon essay se composait de six paragraphes : le premier examinait le modèle théorique sur lequel l’ essay était basé, expliquant quelles théories de politique internationale étaient utilisées. Les deux suivants analysaient comment les stéréotypes de genre et les idéaux familiaux traditionnels conduisent à la discrimination contre les femmes (dans le deuxième) et la communauté LGBTQ+ (dans le troisième). Les quatrième et cinquième démontraient ensuite comment les idéaux d’ethnicité, de pureté, de japonisme, ont conduit à la discrimination des minorités ethniques (dans le quatrième) et des migrants et réfugiés (dans le cinquième). Enfin, dans le sixième paragraphe, j’expliquais les mesures qui pouvaient être prises pour améliorer la situation.

Chaque paragraphe individuel est comme un mini- essay , et doit suivre une structure précise, le fameux PQE : Point (point, argumentation), quote (citation), explanation/examples (explications et exemples) . En d’autres termes, la première phrase doit constituer l’argument du paragraphe.

Voici un exemple tiré de ma dissertation en anglais. La première phrase constitue le P, la seconde, le Q, et celles qui suivent, le E.

“Japan’s traditional gender and family ideals also result in a discrimination against members of the LGBTQ+ community. McLelland observes how in Japanese society ‘little space is given to reflection on issues concerning gay rights, […] lifestyle or […] identity.’ (2000: 460). These categories clash with Japan’s traditionalist society and the idea of nation as a family, although theoretically protected by the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The country fails to respect the rights of these groups, lacking a comprehensive anti-discrimination legislation against discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation, gender identity and expression (Amnesty International 2020: 5). Moreover, Japan does not recognise same-sex marriage at national level, violating the rights of same-sex partners to marry and have a family, breaching articles 17 and 23 of the ICCPR. This could also stem from Japan’s dramatic birth rate, as homosexuals have been defined ‘unproductive’ (6). Conversely, one criterion that allows transgender people to change their birth gender is sterilisation, violating the prohibition of inhuman or degrading treatment under article 7 (6). Such inadequate respect inevitably streams in the failure to protect and fulfil. The absence of same-sex marriage implies the inability to access a partner’s health insurance, to claim tax exemption, or to have joint custody of an adopted child (Amnesty International 2020: 6). Moreover, LGBTQ+ members risk violence, harassment and other abuses and are often forcibly outed, violating their right to privacy. For instance, in 2016 two transgender women were placed in a male detention facility where they faced physical and mental abuse and had their hair shaved off because their gender identity was not recognised (7). Thus, in implementing the ICCPR norms, Japan has localised them with highly traditional gender roles, politics of shame and rejection of what is different.”

7. Citations et bibliographie

Comme vous pouvez le constater, lorsque je cite un article universitaire, je le mets entre guillemets et à la fin j’écris, entre parenthèses, le nom de l’auteur, l’année de publication de la source et la page où se trouve la citation. Ce style, qui est le même que celui que j’ai utilisé pour construire ma bibliographie, dont je vous ai montré un exemple dans la section « Recherche », est appelé Harvard, mais il en existe de nombreux autres et vous devriez, là encore, demander au professeur⸱e celui qu’il ou elle préfère.

Les bonnes règles pour une dissertation en anglais : ne jamais commencer par l’introduction !

8. introduction.

Une fois le main body rédigé et les citations choisies, vous pouvez enfin rédiger l’introduction et la conclusion de votre dissertation en anglais. Jusqu’à il y a quelques années, je commençais toujours un essay par l’introduction, mais c’est une erreur de débutant, si je peux me permettre.

L’introduction, en effet, doit être rédigée en dernier, car elle trace le chemin de votre dissertation en anglais, que vous devez donc avoir déjà écrit. En principe plus courte qu’un paragraphe normal, l’introduction doit contenir une brève présentation du sujet, environ la moitié de la longueur de l’introduction, puis ce que l’on appelle le signposting , dans lequel vous fournissez au lecteur une carte pour lire votre essay , en expliquant quelle thèse vous soutenez et avec quels paragraphes vous allez la défendre.

Voici un exemple :

“ in this essay I argue that when international and Japanese norms conflict there is a compliance gap between pressured ratification of treaties and the country’s norms, stemming in human rights violations. To do so, I will examine how the traditional notions of ethnic purity and fixed gender societal roles result in discriminations against women, members of the LGBTQ+ community, ethnic minorities and refugees, migrants and asylum seekers. “

Un autre point essentiel à noter est que vous devez délimiter votre essay  : si vous omettez des informations qui pourraient être pertinentes, pour des raisons de place bien sûr, le fait de les préciser vous évitera bien des problèmes.

Although violations also occur in relation to the rights of children, freedom of assembly, comfort women and the death penalty, these go beyond the scope of this essay.

9. Conclusion

Il en va de même pour la conclusion, qui doit être rédigée en dernier. Dans celle-ci, vous devez résumer le contenu de votre essay , en évitant à tout prix d’ouvrir de nouvelles parenthèses ou de formuler de nouvelles questions.

10. Style et vocabulaire d’un essay universitaire en anglais

Enfin, last but not least , le style ! Tout d’abord, votre essay ne doit pas contenir de termes trop familiers, et doit pour cela éviter autant que possible les verbes à particules. Utilisez plutôt leurs homologues latins, comme « continue » au lieu de « carry on » pour « continuer ». Les formes contractées sont également à proscrire ! Oubliez can’t, won’t et hasn’t, vous devez toujours écrire la forme non contractée : cannot, will not et has not . Enfin, les connecteurs sont très importants : apprenez à utiliser indeed (en effet), en début de phrase, however (cependant), moreover et furthermore (de plus), nevertheless et nonetheless (malgré que, en dépit de).

Blog Albert Learning

Comment écrire un bon essai en anglais?

Vous êtes-vous déjà demandé quel est le secret pour décrire un bon essai ? Vous êtes-vous trouvé incapable de dépasser les deux premières lignes à cause de la confusion ou de l’incapacité de mettre vos pensées en phrases organisées ? En fait, la clé pour surmonter cela est assez simple, que ce soit en anglais ou dans toute autre langue. Il y a quelques étapes et une méthodologie que vous devez suivre afin de produire un essai cohérent et bien écrit. Dans cet article, nous partagerons avec vous quelques-uns d’eux.

Choisissez un sujet

La toute première étape consiste à déterminer le sujet principal de votre essai. Si un thème général vous a déjà été présenté, vous devez le réduire à un domaine plus spécifique. Afin de pouvoir effectuer les recherches nécessaires à ce sujet. Vous pouvez essayer de créer une histoire originale à travers votre imagination ou utiliser des souvenirs du passé lorsque vous fondez et construisez dessus, essayez de penser à votre vie, à vos intérêts et à vos goûts, il vous sera donc plus facile de générer des idées et des intrigues.

Préparez un plan pour vos idées

Pour réussir la rédaction de votre essai, vous devez organiser vos pensées. En prenant ce qui est déjà dans votre tête et en le mettant sur papier, vous êtes en mesure de voir plus clairement les connexions et les liens entre les idées. Cette structure sert de base à votre article. Utilisez un plan pour noter vos idées et les organiser. À partir de là, commencez à lister vos idées principales, en laissant de l’espace sous chacune d’elles. Dans cet espace, assurez-vous d’énumérer d’autres idées plus petites qui se rapportent à chaque idée principale. Cela vous permettra de voir les liens et vous aidera à rédiger un essai plus organisé.

Faire une déclaration de thèse

Maintenant que vous avez choisi un sujet et trié vos idées dans des catégories pertinentes, vous devez créer un énoncé de thèse. Votre énoncé de thèse indique au lecteur le but de votre essai. Regardez votre plan et trouvez les idées principales. Votre énoncé de thèse comportera deux parties. La première partie énonce le sujet, et la deuxième partie énonce le but de l’essai. On pourrait penser que ce n’est pas une étape nécessaire et simplement une perte de temps. Mais cela rendra votre processus d’écriture beaucoup plus facile et plus fluide et vous pourrez mettre vos idées dans l’essai dans l’ordre que vous avez imaginé au préalable sans vous laisser distraire. ou détourné.

Ecrire le corps

Le but principal du corps de l’essai est de développer les idées principales que vous avez précédemment préparées dans le plan et l’énoncé de thèse. Il aura la plus grande longueur de la plupart des parties et il inclura vos arguments et exemples. Assurez-vous de suivre votre plan sur tout le corps et de ne pas vous écarter de ce que vous avez déjà préparé. Vous pourriez avoir des difficultés à trouver des exemples pour défendre vos arguments. cela peut vous aider si vous revenez sur vos expériences passées ou même si vous choisissez des exemples de personnes célèbres ou de médias connus.

Écrire l’introduction

L’introduction précède le corps de l’essai mais il vaut mieux le laisser jusqu’à la fin. De cette façon, le lien entre ces deux parties sera fluide et transparent. Essayez d’attirer l’attention du lecteur dans l’introduction en utilisant des mots mystérieux et en déformant un peu l’intrigue afin de stimuler son intérêt.

Écrire la conclusion

La conclusion est la dernière partie de l’essai, vous devez donc la garder brève et précise. Essayez de résumer tout le contenu de l’essai, mais veillez à éviter la répétition des mêmes phrases ou idées, car cela peut être redondant et ennuyeux.

 Ce sont les étapes les plus importantes à suivre lors de la rédaction de votre dissertation. J’espère que la prochaine fois. que vous le ferez, ce sera une expérience beaucoup plus facile pour vous. N’oubliez pas que tout nécessite un travail acharné et de la pratique afin de le perfectionner. Alors ne soyez pas déçu si vous n’êtes pas capable de l’écrire parfaitement la prochaine fois.

Si vous souhaitez lire plus d’articles sur des sujets similaires. Veuillez visiter notre blog ou envisager de vous inscrire à notre plateforme d’apprentissage en ligne. Vous aurez accès à nos coachs et leçons qui peuvent vous aider dans votre parcours d’apprentissage des langues.

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Purdue Online Writing Lab Purdue OWL® College of Liberal Arts

Essay Writing

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Welcome to the Purdue OWL

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This resource begins with a general description of essay writing and moves to a discussion of common essay genres students may encounter across the curriculum. The four genres of essays (description, narration, exposition, and argumentation) are common paper assignments you may encounter in your writing classes. Although these genres, also known as the modes of discourse, have been criticized by some composition scholars, the Purdue OWL recognizes the wide spread use of these genres and students’ need to understand and produce these types of essays. We hope these resources will help.

The essay is a commonly assigned form of writing that every student will encounter while in academia. Therefore, it is wise for the student to become capable and comfortable with this type of writing early on in her training.

Essays can be a rewarding and challenging type of writing and are often assigned either to be done in class, which requires previous planning and practice (and a bit of creativity) on the part of the student, or as homework, which likewise demands a certain amount of preparation. Many poorly crafted essays have been produced on account of a lack of preparation and confidence. However, students can avoid the discomfort often associated with essay writing by understanding some common genres.

Before delving into its various genres, let’s begin with a basic definition of the essay.

What is an essay?

Though the word essay has come to be understood as a type of writing in Modern English, its origins provide us with some useful insights. The word comes into the English language through the French influence on Middle English; tracing it back further, we find that the French form of the word comes from the Latin verb exigere , which means "to examine, test, or (literally) to drive out." Through the excavation of this ancient word, we are able to unearth the essence of the academic essay: to encourage students to test or examine their ideas concerning a particular topic.

Essays are shorter pieces of writing that often require the student to hone a number of skills such as close reading, analysis, comparison and contrast, persuasion, conciseness, clarity, and exposition. As is evidenced by this list of attributes, there is much to be gained by the student who strives to succeed at essay writing.

The purpose of an essay is to encourage students to develop ideas and concepts in their writing with the direction of little more than their own thoughts (it may be helpful to view the essay as the converse of a research paper). Therefore, essays are (by nature) concise and require clarity in purpose and direction. This means that there is no room for the student’s thoughts to wander or stray from his or her purpose; the writing must be deliberate and interesting.

This handout should help students become familiar and comfortable with the process of essay composition through the introduction of some common essay genres.

This handout includes a brief introduction to the following genres of essay writing:

  • Expository essays
  • Descriptive essays
  • Narrative essays
  • Argumentative (Persuasive) essays

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Comment rédiger un essai en anglais ?

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  • Par : Auriane Ducherpozat

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L’essai en anglais est une épreuve parfois négligée par les étudiants, elle est pourtant très importante. Un bon essai peut faire la différence le jour j.

Analyse du sujet  

La première chose à faire quand on commence son essai est d ’analyser le sujet. Il ne faut surtout pas partir tête baissée. Sur une feuille de brouillon note les mots clefs, et définis les . Essaie ensuite de faire ressortir la/les thématiques vues au cours de l’année qui traitent de ce sujet. Ce travail va t’aider à trouver des arguments et à structurer ton travail.  

Tu dois ensuite trouver des actualités récentes en lien avec le sujet. Cela te servira pour une phrase d’accroche et pour le corps de ton essai. L’actualité est un point essentiel dans le barème des essais, un très bel essai, parfaitement rédigé mais qui ne fait aucune référence à l’actualité ne sera pas valorisé.  

L’introduction  

Il y a deux manières d’amorcer l’introduction de ton essai. Tu peux commencer avec une citation ou avec une actualité . Les deux sont très pertinentes et font preuve d’un travail rigoureux tout au long de l’année.  

Définis ensuite le/ les terme(s) centraux du sujet. Essaie de ne pas donner une définition simpliste du dictionnaire mais de r elier la définition au sujet, à l’actualité et aux grandes thématiques transversales .  

Tu dois ensuite noter la problématique. C’est le point central de ton essai, prends le temps d’en trouver une pertinente, qui te permette de traiter tous les facettes du sujet . Mais attention à ne pas trop t’éloigner du coeur du sujet. Pour ce faire tu peux noter sur un brouillon quelles sont pour toi les limites, cela peut t’éviter un hors sujet.  

Une annonce de plan est déconseillée pour un essai de langue, compte tenu de la limite de mots imposée. A moins que cela ne soit justifié, ne “dilapide” pas tes mots pour annoncer ton raisonnement.  

Lire aussi :  Vocabulaire : expressions courantes pour les essais et l’oral

Le développement  

Il peut se faire en 2 ou 3 parties, le mieux étant d’en faire 3 car cela fait preuve d’un raisonnement plus profond et plus abouti. L ’important est que ton développement soit clair, concis, structuré   et cohérent.  

Chaque partie doit être composée d’une argumentation et d’une illustration. L’illustration peut être un exemple tiré de l’actualité, une théorie philosophique/sociologique ou encore une référence à un auteur.  

Sépare bien les parties en sautant une ligne à chaque fois et en commençant par un alinéa ; cela donne de la clarté à ton essai et donc à ton raisonnement.  

La conclusion  

Elle est très importante et ne doit pas être négligée ! Ne garde pas que 2 minutes à la fin pour écrire une phrase à la volée. Le mieux est d’ écrire la conclusion, sur ta feuille de brouillon, au moment où tu rédiges ton introduction. La conclusion doit répondre à la problématique sans reprendre les arguments du développement. Elle ne doit pas apporter de nouveaux éléments mais elle doit donner une réponse tranchée.  

La conclusion n’est pas un petit résumé de l’essai ! C’est la réponse à la problématique.  

Les tips du pro  

Pense à utiliser des expressions idiomatiques, elles donnent une impression d’authenticité à ton essai.

Utilise un lexique varié, c’est le moment de montrer que tu as un vocabulaire riche. Evite le vocabulaire que tu as appris en primaire tel que “good” “bad” “happy”… ils n’apportent rien ni au devoir, ni à l’argumentation.  

Tu as maintenant toutes les clefs en main pour réussir ton essai le jour j ! Tu n’as plus qu’à t’entrainer !

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Accueil » Révisions » Langues Vivantes » Anglais » Méthodologie de l’essai d’anglais du bac

essai d'anglais au bac

Méthodologie de l’essai d’anglais du bac

  • Elise Naceur
  • 11 Déc 2023

Au sommaire de cet article 👀

Dans cet article, on fait le point avec toi sur les bons réflexes à avoir pour réussir ton épreuve d’Anglais au baccalauréat. Notamment, lorsqu’il s’agit de la rédaction ! La partie la plus compliquée, n’est-ce pas ? 😉

Vocabulaire, méthodologie, conseils, exemples, etc. Voici un petit aperçu de ce qui t’attend pendant l’année. Si tu n’es pas tout à fait au point avec l’exercice de l’essai en anglais ? Don’t panic ! La team Au Futur est là pour t’épauler pendant tes révisions.

Aujourd’hui, on te propose un article pour réussir à coup sûr tes essais d’anglais. C’est un exercice qui n’est pas nécessairement difficile, cependant, il requiert une méthodologie précise et des règles que tu dois connaître sur le bout des doigts. Revenons donc ensemble sur la méthodologie de l’essai d’anglais. Tout va bien se passer !  Let’s go !

Une épreuve évaluée sous contrôle continu

Tu n’es sans savoir que, cette année encore, les langues vivantes seront évaluées grâce au contrôle continu ! Autrement dit, tu n’auras pas d’épreuve terminale pan anglais. Rien n’empêche que tu dois faire preuve de sérieux tout au long de l’année pour décrocher les meilleures notes possibles.

Avant de lire cet article, on te conseille de regarder notre vidéo YouTube qui te donne tous les conseils sur comment réussir ton essai (expression écrite) en anglais ! Si tu regardes la vidéo et lis l’article par la suite, tu vas mémoriser d’autant plus de choses alors n’hésite pas. Et comme on dit : « vaut mieux deux fois qu’une ».

Un exemple d’essai en anglais expliqué

Afin de te donner des pistes concrètes, nous nous intéresserons à un sujet particulier :  To what extent is exploration related to travelling ? (300 words, +/- 10%, ce qui indique que ton essai doit faire entre 270 et 330 mots).

L’introduction

When we think of famous explorers such as Christopher Columbus, we imagine an adventurer taking on a trip to discover uncharted territories. ( Je lie mon amorce au sujet ). Thus, the link between exploration and travelling seems obvious. Indeed, to discover places you are unfamiliar with, you need to travel there, whether it is by bus, by plane, by car or by boat. ( Je reformule la question du sujet / ou je la répète si je n’ai pas d’idées ). However, is exploration necessarily linked to travelling? ( J‘annonce mon plan en deux parties, sans dire “I will first discuss… parce que c’est lourd et répétitif ). If it is true that one needs to travel to explore a foreign region, one can also explore a place that is already near them.

Le vocabulaire essentiel de l’introduction d’essai en anglais

  • Thus (ainsi)
  • Indeed (en effet)
  • However (cependant)
  • On one hand (d’une part)
  • On another hand (d’autre part)
  • First (d’abord)
  • Secondly (deuxièmement)
  • Then (ensuite)
  • Finally (enfin)
  • If it is true that… (s’il est vrai que)
  • There is no denying that (il va sans dire que)

Lire aussi : Les verbes irréguliers indispensables

Le développement

When tourists travel to another country, it often leads to exploration. They expect to wander about in the streets or in the countryside and enjoy the landscape around them. They can decide to change their habits and explore a new way of life: ( 1 exemple par idée minimum ) if they go to Spain for instance, they can adapt their schedule to the Spanish way of life. They can explore with food they have never tried before. ( À chaque fin de paragraphe, je rappelle mon argument principal ). Travelling is thus very much linked to discoveries and exploration.

However , ( j’utilise un connecteur logique (however/yet/nevertheless ) pour bien marquer l’opposition entre mes deux parties ) modern travelling is sometimes not about exploration at all. ( 1 exemple par idée minimum ). The “all-inclusive” resorts focus more on the tourists enjoying all-you-can-eat buffets and the swimming pool than on exploration. It is quite frequent for tourists to go to foreign countries and not leave once their hotel. In that case, absolutely no exploration is made through travelling. Sometimes, exploration has nothing to do with travel. ( 1 exemple par idée minimum ). If you are born in a city like Paris, you can still explore it because it remains full of hidden places you may have never seen. Exploring your region, and discovering new areas can be done without travelling. You can do more exploring in your hometown than you can do by travelling to a foreign country.

Le vocabulaire essentiel du développement d’essai en anglais

  • To wander about/to wander around (traîner, se balader)
  • The countryside (la campagne)
  • The landscape  (le paysage)
  • A habit (une habitude)
  • A schedule (un emploi du temps)
  • To try food (goûter de la nourriture)
  • All-you-can-eat-buffets (buffet à volonté)
  • Hidden (caché, secret)
  • Hometown (ville natale)

Mots de liaisons utiles

  • For instance (par exemple)
  • Nevertheless (néanmoins)
  • In that case (dans ce cas)

La conclusion

To conclude, there is no denying that travelling allows you to become an explorer. ( En conclusion, je répète ma première idée ). Yet, travelling does not guarantee a real exploration ( et je rappelle ma seconde ). At the end of the day, exploration has more to do with an attitude than with travel. If you feel like exploring, nothing can stop you: neither distance nor sufficient funds. Sometimes, exploration is just around the corner. ( Je finis par une réflexion plus large sur le voyage en général, car il est bienvenu d’ouvrir le sujet, mais il vaut mieux encore une fois éviter le hors-sujet. Si tu n’as pas d’idée d’ouverture, mieux vaut rester sur les arguments déjà avancés lors de ta rédaction et ne pas trop s’aventurer ).

Le vocabulaire essentiel de la conclusion d’essai en anglais

  • To conclude (pour conclure)
  • In conclusion (en conclusion)
  • In brief (en résumé)
  • At the end of the day (en fin de compte)

Lire aussi : L’essentiel sur les adverbes en anglais

Des éléments de méthodologie de l’essai en anglais

Faire une ouverture.

L’introduction doit amener le sujet soit avec une ouverture  : une vérité générale, une statistique, un fait d’actualité, etc. en rapport avec ton sujet. Ici, par exemple, tu pourrais nommer un explorateur. Si tu n’as aucune idée, tu peux aussi te contenter de rappeler le sujet. Il vaut mieux se contenter de rappeler le sujet plutôt que de faire une amorce absurde ou un hors sujet qui agacerait ton correcteur dès le début de ton récit. Une ouverture pertinente fait mouche, mais une amorce inadaptée fait mauvaise impression.

Trouver une problématique

La problématique, c’est le cœur même de ton essai. Elle va permettre d’accès tes propos. Elle se veut donc importante ! Tu te demandes comment bien formuler ta problématique ? Différents types de problématique d’essai d’ anglais sont possibles.

La problématique peut être une question directe :

  • How is… (dans quelle mesure, comment ?)
  • To what extent is… (dans quelle mesure)
  • Is … necessarily … ? (est-ce que A est nécessairement B ?)

Attention, dans le cas où la problématique est une question directe, n’oublie pas de mettre le verbe (ou l’auxiliaire) avant le sujet , soit en tête de la question ( Is exploration related to travelling ? ), soit juste après to what extent/how .

La problématique peut être une question indirecte :

  • We can wonder if… (nous pouvons nous demander si…)
  • We can wonder how… (nous pouvons nous demander comment…)
  • We can wonder to what extent… (nous pouvons nous demander dans quelle mesure…)
  • One can wonder… (on peut se demander)

Dans le cas où la problématique est une question indirecte, n’oublie pas qu’il ne s’agit plus d’une question et qu’elle n’est absolument pas suivie d’un point d’interrogation. De plus, il n’y a pas d’inversion du verbe et du sujet : veille à écrire ta phrase comme une affirmation.

Définir les termes du sujet

Quand tu as une question qui t’invite à argumenter ( to what extent/ how ) et à donner ton point de vue, il faut que tu sois capable de reformuler la question avec tes propres mots en l’adaptant à ce que tu comptes démontrer. Il ne faut jamais reprendre la question telle quelle.

La reformulation du sujet avec tes propres mots et la définition des termes de la question (qu’est-ce que exploration , qu’est-ce que travelling ?) sont les deux étapes cruciales qui vont te permettre de trouver une bonne problématique.

Ce n’est qu’une fois que tu as défini les deux termes et que tu vois qu’ils sont assez différents (pour explorer quelque chose, il ne faut pas forcément aller à l’autre bout du monde) que tu pourras comprendre l’enjeu du sujet.

Par exemple, dans le cadre du sujet To what extent is exploration related to travelling ? , on t’invite à te demander si l’exploration est nécessairement liée au voyage. Il faudra donc trouver des arguments qui montrent qu’en réalité, l’exploration n’est pas seulement liée au voyage. Ta problématique doit refléter ce que tu veux vraiment démontrer . Si ton argument le plus fort (c’est à toi de le définir) est que le voyage ne garantit pas une vraie exploration (par exemple, les hôtels de luxe où on reste au bord de la piscine), ta problématique doit s’axer là-dessus.

Elle restera cependant très proche de la question originale .

Ainsi, pour ce sujet, tu peux demander : “ However, is exploration necessarily linked to travelling ? ” Dans cette formulation, introduite par un connecteur logique, le correcteur ou la correctrice voit bien que tu as compris l’enjeu de la question et que tu ne vas pas seulement répondre par un simple “oui”.

Dis-toi que si on te pose cette question, c’est sûrement parce qu’on ne peut pas y répondre simplement par un oui ou par un non. Sinon, à quoi bon écrire 300 mots ?

La problématique peut être une question directe (comme ici) ou bien une question indirecte telle que, we will wonder if exploration is really linked to travelling or if it can be found at home. Les deux se valent complètement et c’est toi qui choisis.

Pour les autres sujets de type articles ou discours, tu n’as pas besoin de formuler une problématique claire dans l’introduction. Cependant, faire ce travail d’analyse du sujet et d’exploration de la question au brouillon est tout de même une étape cruciale.

Lire aussi : Comment j’ai eu 20 au bac en anglais : mes conseils

Construire un plan très précis

L’importance du brouillon.

Face à n’importe quelle question qui t’est posée, il faut absolument que tu fasses au préalable un plan très détaillé au brouillon avant la rédaction. Cette étape garantit la clarté et la force de ton argumentation. Elle te permet aussi de voir à quoi va ressembler ton travail finalisé. Le brouillon t’est donc d’une grande aide. Il te permet aussi de construire convenablement le fil conducteur de ton essai.

Pour cela, on te recommande de te poser la question à toi-même. Par exemple, dans le cadre d’un sujet tel que To what extent is exploration related to travelling ? , une seule réponse – exploration is related to travelling ne suffit pas. La question invite les candidats et les candidates à penser de façon nuancée. Tu dois te dire : oui, l’exploration a un lien avec le voyage, mais… l’exploration n’est pas seulement ça / voyager ne garantit pas l’exploration, par exemple. Ainsi, ta rédaction va être divisée par paragraphes allant dans un sens ou dans l’autre.

Première façon de présenter son brouillon

Sur ton brouillon, écris :

  • L’exploration a un lien avec le voyage
  • Mais on peut explorer sans voyager
  • D’ailleurs, voyager ne permet pas forcément d’explorer.

Laisse un espace blanc   d’une dizaine de lignes entre chaque partie que tu vas remplir (toujours au brouillon) avec tes idées et tes exemples. 1 exemple par argument suffit vu le nombre de mots que l’on te demande, mais il faut absolument l’écrire au brouillon avant de l’utiliser, pour vérifier qu’il illustre bien ton argument.

La méthode « AEI »

Pour t’aider, on te conseille d’appliquer la méthode « AEI », une méthode efficace pour t’aider à étoffer un argument à l’heure de rédiger un essai, une rédaction, une expression écrite, etc. En gros, c’est une méthode qui te rappelle que chaque partie doit contenir un argument que tu expliques et que tu illustres par exemple. D’où la méthode « AEI » (Argumenter, Expliciter, Illustrer).

À noter : Cette méthode est à utiliser sans modération dès qu’il s’agit de faire une épreuve de rédaction problématisée.

Deuxième façon de présenter son brouillon

Ton brouillon peut également ressembler à ça :

a. Argument principal (= pourquoi affirmes-tu ceci ?) :

b. Exemple pertinent :

a. Argument principal :

b. Exemple pertinent :

a. Argument principal :

b. Exemple pertinent :

Utiliser les exemples en essai en anglais

Les exemples dans un essai ou une dissertation sont généralement utilisés pour renforcer l’argument proposé. Un exemple permet d’illustrer le propos et de le rendre plus clair pour notre interlocuteur. Le but est donc de choisir un exemple pertinent et parlant qui va t’aider à convaincre ton correcteur ou ta correctrice.

Bien choisir ses exemples

Des exemples de la vie quotidienne.

En anglais, il est conseillé de choisir des exemples de la vie quotidienne qui ne sont pas trop pointus, car la simplicité est souvent synonyme de clarté. Privilégies alors des exemples qui englobent le maximum de personnes, des chose que tout le monde connaît. Plus ton exemple est évident, mieux c’est.

Not all tourists go backpacking across the world to explore other cultures. Some of them stay in their hotel and enjoy the swimming-pool without ever exploring the country they are in.

Réutiliser des exemples du corpus

Cependant, il est très souvent malin et bienvenu d’utiliser les exemples offerts par le sujet de l’examen. Si le récit fictionnel est lié à l’exploration et non au voyage par exemple, tu peux tout à fait citer l’extrait (ou simplement en parler, car ton temps est limité) dans le paragraphe où tu dis que l’exploration est différente du voyage.

Non seulement cette utilisation du corpus t’évite de devoir faire preuve d’imagination au cas où tu es bloqué, mais les correcteurs apprécient également de voir que tu as bien compris en quoi l’essai était lié au corpus qui t’a été donné à explorer.

Bien citer et utiliser ses exemples

Attention, un exemple doit être bien utilisé et bien placé pour être utile. Je recommande fortement d’utiliser son exemple après avoir donné son argument. L’exemple ne saurait en aucun cas remplacer l’argumentation. Il est un “bonus” (nécessaire, cela dit) en quelque sorte, qui vient s’ajouter à ton argument en fin de paragraphe pour lui donner plus de poids. Enfin, si tu veux citer un texte, n’oublie jamais les guillemets et introduis la citation avant par des formules telles que :

  • as shown by ( tel que démontré par…)
  • as suggested by/in (comme suggéré par/dans…)
  • it is made clear by (c’est rendu clair par…)
  • it is made obvious by (c’est rendu évident par…)
  • this is illustrated in (ceci est illustré dans…)
  • this is made clear by (ceci est rendu clair par…)

Lire aussi : Apprendre l’anglais en regardant des séries

Les erreurs à ne jamais faire en essai en anglais

Ne pas utiliser d’exemples.

L’erreur majeure à ne pas commettre dans une expression écrite, c’est de ne pas utiliser d’exemples quand tu proposes un argument. Exactement comme quand tu discutes avec quelqu’un et que tu souhaites le convaincre d’une théorie, il faut toujours illustrer ton propos avec quelque chose qui sera facilement compréhensible pour ton interlocuteur.

Par exemple, si tu veux prouver l’existence d’extra-terrestres, tu ne peux pas dire “ils existent parce que je le dis”. Il va falloir trouver des preuves à ce que tu avances (et bon courage…). Sans cela, tu ne convaincs personne. Il en va de même lors de la rédaction d’un essai. À chaque argument avancé, il te faut un exemple.

Une copie sans exemple manquera de clarté et sera désagréable à lire. Tu perdras la moitié des points du barème pour un essai sans aucun exemple.

Ne pas respecter les spécificités de l’expression écrite

La deuxième erreur à ne pas commettre est d’ignorer les spécificités de l’expression écrite qu’on te demande d’écrire.

Si on te demande d’écrire un discours , on s’attend à ce que tu t’adresses à un public (“Hello everyone” / “Thank you for letting me speak today”, etc.).

Si on te demande de faire un dialogue , on attend un vrai échange entre personnages.

Si on te demande un essai , on attend de toi des arguments (et des exemples) clairs et précis. Un discours sur l’environnement par exemple qui ressemble plus à un essai argumenté en faveur des énergies renouvelables ne sera pas recevable pour le correcteur. Fais donc bien attention à ce qui t’est demandé et demande-toi ce qu’on attend de toi.

Ne jamais paraphraser

Une autre erreur très pénalisante pour ton essai en anglais est la paraphrase . Comme lorsque tu réponds à des questions, il ne faut surtout pas paraphraser les textes du corpus dans ta rédaction. On attend tes arguments et tes idées . Bien sûr, il est bienvenu (et parfois même nécessaire) d’utiliser les textes pour ta rédaction. Mais il faut l’assumer pleinement et citer. Il n’y a rien de plus agaçant pour un correcteur de voir que tu essaies de faire passer l’idée d’un autre (qu’il connaît bien, car il a également lu le corpus) pour la tienne. Quand tu utilises un texte, cite-le. Sinon, abstiens-toi.

Utiliser du français

Enfin, et cela peut paraître évident pour certains, il est absolument impensable d’utiliser des mots en français dans la rédaction. Si tu ne sais pas comment dire un mot en anglais, il faut le reformuler en anglais. Il est interdit d’utiliser du français dans la rédaction . Si tu ne sais plus comment dire “eco-friendly”, dis “for people who love the environment”. Même si c’est moins idiomatique et parfois même inexact, ce sera bien plus apprécié qu’un mot en français dans le corps de ta rédaction. N’écris jamais en français, coûte que coûte.

Si tu es très ambitieux, tu peux aussi consulter cet article de notre site Major Prépa .

Tu veux plus d’informations et de conseils pour réussir tes examens et trouver ton orientation ? Rejoins-nous sur Instagram et TikTok !

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Préparateur de commandes, en quoi ça consiste , quels métiers t’attendent après une école d’ingénieurs , nathalie sarraute, pour un oui ou pour un non : résumé et analyse de l’oeuvre, les ambitions de l’esiee-it, école à impact des entreprises du futur, apprendre à utiliser le subjonctif en espagnol, tout savoir sur la valeur absolue, zoom sur le grand salon des grandes écoles les 6 et 7 décembre 2024, le commentaire composé d’extraits de roman : 5 exemples détaillés, figures de style : définition, exemples et listes, dans la même rubrique.

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Writing / Expression écrite au bac d’anglais

Scared of essays ? No worries. You are in the right spot to find all the info you need.

To start with, a brief video to remind you of the most common mistakes in the baccalauréat.

To check if you won’t make these mistakes, here is a little online exercise .

The most common exercise given is the essays. Here is a quick video about the method. You can also have a look at the page dedicated to «  Argumentative essays « 

and a PDF document to remind you of some basic rules :

[bsk-pdf-manager-pdf id= »19″]

Need help with vocabulary :

[bsk-pdf-manager-pdf id= »21″]

[bsk-pdf-manager-pdf id= »22″]

[bsk-pdf-manager-pdf id= »23″]

Assessment grid for writing

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Now, just pick the type of work you’d like to study :

Argumentative Essays

Narrative Essays

Letters / Emails

Diary Entries

Or check the Games section for some fun activities related to writing.

Some links about writing here

IMAGES

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  6. (PhD Concours 2024) This is the problem with your essay…

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    1. Set aside time to write. You cannot write a quality essay in 10 minutes. It's best to give yourself ample time to write and revise the essay. Try to factor in some time for breaks between drafts as well. If you're approaching a deadline, however, you may need to make the best use of the time you have. 2.

  6. Complete Guide: How to Write an Essay in English

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