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Nature Presentation templates

Create very inspiring presentations about nature and raise awareness of the environment thanks to our free customizable google slides themes and powerpoint templates..

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World Environment Day

We know that taking care of the environment is of a paramount importance, and it is the perfect time of the year to encourage awareness and action for the protection of nature. Let’s teach our kids about the necessity of preserving nature with this cool template!

What To Do For World Nature Conservation Day

July 28th is approaching, which means that World Nature Conservation Day is just around the corner, and what can we do? We need to save the planet and the environment for future generations! You can start by downloading this template, which is 0% polluting and, moreover, will allow you to...

Powerful Predators

Download the "Powerful Predators" presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides and teach with confidence. Sometimes, teachers need a little bit of help, and there's nothing wrong with that. We're glad to lend you a hand! Since Slidesgo is committed to making education better for everyone, we've joined hands with educators....

Classification of Vertebrate Animals

Download the "Classification of Vertebrate Animals" presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides and teach with confidence. Sometimes, teachers need a little bit of help, and there's nothing wrong with that. We're glad to lend you a hand! Since Slidesgo is committed to making education better for everyone, we've joined hands...

Nature Inspired Style Business Basic Template

Download the "Nature Inspired Style Business Basic Template" presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides. The world of business encompasses a lot of things! From reports to customer profiles, from brainstorming sessions to sales—there's always something to do or something to analyze. This customizable design, available for Google Slides and PowerPoint,...

Language Arts Subject for Middle School - 6th Grade: Vocabulary Skills

Language is the way humans have to communicate with each other. Teach your middle school students interesting concepts about language. To do so, you can use this new template, so that you have a presentation ready for class! The slides have a slightly floral design due to the illustrations and...

Bee Pattern

Download the "Bee Pattern" presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides and start impressing your audience with a creative and original design. Slidesgo templates like this one here offer the possibility to convey a concept, idea or topic in a clear, concise and visual way, by using different graphic resources. You...

Bee Infographics

Download the "Bee Infographics" template for PowerPoint or Google Slides and discover the power of infographics. An infographic resource gives you the ability to showcase your content in a more visual way, which will make it easier for your audience to understand your topic. Slidesgo infographics like this set here...

Fertilizer Allowances Meeting

Fertilizers can increase crop yields, that’s for sure, but due to their environmental effects, different countries (and sometimes even different regions within a country) all have different allowances on how much fertilizer you’re allowed to use. Can that be confusing? Absolutely! So let us recommend the use of this agriculture-themed...

Hiking Tours MK Plan

Download the "Hiking Tours MK Plan" presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides. This incredible template is designed to help you create your own marketing plan that is sure to impress your entire team. Using this amazing tool, you'll be able to analyze your target audience, assess your competitors, map out...

Challenges in Brazilian Conservation Units

Download the Challenges in Brazilian Conservation Units presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides and start impressing your audience with a creative and original design. Slidesgo templates like this one here offer the possibility to convey a concept, idea or topic in a clear, concise and visual way, by using different...

The Double-Ninth Festival

The double-ninth festival is celebrated on October 4th, the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. It is a thousand-year-old Chinese festival in which, to protect themselves from any danger, they usually go on a trip, climb a mountain and drink chrysanthemum wine. Explore this wonderful template that we have...

Parts & Types of Trees for Education Infographics

Teaching about trees is a great way to raise awareness about the crucial role they play in the environment, and these infographics template is an awesome tool to do it. Decorated with beautiful illustrations of trees over a light green background, the design gives you everything you need to discuss...

Global Recycling Day

Download the "Global Recycling Day" presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides and start impressing your audience with a creative and original design. Slidesgo templates like this one here offer the possibility to convey a concept, idea or topic in a clear, concise and visual way, by using different graphic resources....

World Health Day Newsletter

Download the "World Health Day Newsletter" presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides. Attention all marketers! Are you looking for a way to make your newsletters more creative and eye-catching for your target audience? This amazing template is perfect for creating the perfect newsletter that will capture your audience's attention from...

Marine Fauna

From whales and dolphins to jellyfish and crabs. Sea life is as varied as you can imagine, and... how many species are yet to be discovered? This new template will take you to the ocean thanks to its illustrated backgrounds. It'll come in handy for lessons about sea life, as...

Companies are essential for a region’s economy, culture and society, and as such they should always contribute to the principles of sustainable development. Do you need to give a presentation about your CSR and want to do it with style? Let us help you.

Types of Natural Disasters Class

Natural disasters are an engrossing subject to discuss in class, and this template filled with colorful illustrations makes it even more interesting! With a range of material to cover the different types of disasters, it alternates blocks of text with splash of color and images that bring the subject matter...

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Immerse yourself in our collection of 24 nature-themed PowerPoint and Google Slides templates , showcasing serene landscapes, lush greenery, and environmental motifs.

These designs are ideal for presentations related to ecology, sustainability, conservation, and travel. By using our nature templates, you can create an atmosphere of tranquility and connection with the environment, enhancing your message and engaging your audience.

Whether you’re promoting eco-friendly initiatives, sharing research findings, or educating others on environmental issues, our templates provide a visually stunning backdrop for your content.

Clover Woodland Template

Google Slides , POTX

Green Cycle Template

Tea Leaves Template for PowerPoint and Google Slides

Tropical Leaves Template for PowerPoint and Google Slides

Floral Pastel Template for PowerPoint and Google Slides

Ecology Template for PowerPoint and Google Slides

Retro Pop Mountains Template for PowerPoint and Google Slides

Chart Palette Template for PowerPoint and Google Slides

Green Leaves Flat Lay Template for PowerPoint and Google Slides

Birds Template for PowerPoint and Google Slides

Green Rounded Abstract Template for PowerPoint and Google Slides

Pastel Leaves Template for PowerPoint and Google Slides

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Nature PowerPoint templates and Google Slides themes

Free slides and backgrounds for presentations about nature, clean energy, the environment, renewable energies, recycling, ecology or sustainable economy.

Download these presentation templates ang go green!

Flowers and Ladybugs free Spring Season template for google slides and PowerPoint. This free template for Google Slides and PowerPoint is the perfect way to add a touch of springtime cheer to your lessons. It features adorable graphics of flowers, bees, and ladybugs – a charming combination that’s sure to […]

Spring has sprung and it’s time to bring some floral fun to your classroom!

Elevate Your Presentations with Earthy Elegance and Sophistication with this free PowerPoint Template and Google Slides Theme. Beth is a stunning free template for Google Slides and PowerPoint, featuring a soothing palette of earthy tones, organic shapes, and leaves. The template is designed to exude a sense of natural elegance […]

Beth, elegant and versatile free template.

Elegant and classy with flowers and leaves backgrounds free PowerPoint Template and Google Slides Theme Amelia is a free PowerPoint and Google Slides template with elegant and classy floral backgrounds. It is perfect for a wedding slideshow or a poetry presentation. The template features a variety of flowers and leaves […]

Amelia free PowerPoint and Google Slides template with floral backgrounds.

Africa landscapes and animals free PowerPoint Template and Google Slides Theme Africa Viva is perfect to talk about Africa, the savannah or the animal kingdom. It has beautiful sunset colors and papercut style landscapes made with different layers. I’ve included two different title slides, one with the African continent and […]

Africa Viva, free presentation template.

Autumn Stickers free Fall PowerPoint Template and Google Slides Theme This new autumn theme features fall leaves, acorns and mushrooms presented as digital stickers. Perfect for back to school or to present different outdoor activities to experience during fall. I’ve included a morning meeting / daily agenda slide and a […]

Autumn stickers, a fall theme for Google slides and ppt.

Free autumn theme with pumpkins and fall leaves for PowerPoint and Google Slides. Countryside fall template is a cute autumn theme with warm colors that features a little pickup truck with pumpkins, and a tree with falling red, yellow and brown leaves. This template is perfect to celebrate fall or […]

Countryside Fall free slides template.

Neutral watercolors organic shapes free PowerPoint Template and Google Slides Theme This template features neutral watercolor organic shapes and it can be used for presentations about topics such as: Nature: For example, you could use the template to discuss the different types of trees, flowers, or animals in a particular […]

Watercolor Organic Shapes Presentation Template.

Crumpled Paper Texture Background with Cute Succulents, Cacti and Flowers Stickers free PowerPoint Template and Google Slides Theme This free PowerPoint template and Google Slides theme features a crumpled paper texture background with cute succulents, cacti and flowers stickers. It’s the perfect way to add a touch of cuteness and […]

Cute Succulents, Cacti and Flowers Stickers free template.

Apple Picking Season FREE PowerPoint Template and Google Slides Theme Celebrate apple picking season with this free PowerPoint template and Google Slides theme! This template features a beautiful and warm color scheme and illustrations of apples, making it the perfect way to create presentations about the delicious fruit. The template […]

Apple Season free slides theme.

World Oceans Day Free PowerPoint Template and Google Slides Theme Celebrate World Oceans Day with this free PowerPoint template and Google Slides theme! This template features a beautiful blue color scheme and ocean-themed images, making it the perfect way to create presentations about the importance of our oceans. The template […]

World Oceans Day free PowerPoint template.

Free Earth Day animated template for Google Slides and PowerPoint. You can use this PowerPoint template and Google Slides theme to raise awareness of environmental issues. It features beautiful visuals and resources of planet Earth, which you can customize freely to make the presentation your own. Earth Day is an […]

Earth Day free ppt and Google Slides template.

Free interactive choice board and mini theme + morning meeting / daily agenda slide for Google Slides and PowerPoint. This free interactive choice board and mini theme with morning meeting / daily agenda slide is perfect for the little ones. Let’s learn about the importance of bees with this black […]

Bees are awesome. Interactive choice board and mini theme.

Free spring template with flowers and ladybugs for Google Slides and PowerPoint. Flowery slides to celebrate spring or if you just are in the mood for flowers and ladybugs. Colorful template that uses theme colors for almost all objects (all the colors are customizable thru the edit theme option, except […]

Flowers and Ladybugs free slides template.

Cute sunflowers Template for PowerPoint and Google Slides Cute illustrated PowerPoint template and Google Slides theme with sunflowers. You can use it to talk about wellness, for example. It includes a morning meeting layout in case you want to use it in your classroom! DOWNLOAD POWERPOINT OPEN IN GOOGLE SLIDES

Cute sunflowers, Google Slides and ppt template.

Gold and brown leaves. Free template for Google Slides and PowerPoint. Cassidy is a beautiful template with different brown shades and touches of gold. Perfect for a presentation about literature or art. Or to celebrate Fall. I’ve used theme colors, so if you wish to change its colors, follow this […]

Cassidy, brown and gold leaves. Beautiful illustrated slides.

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Nature Powerpoint templates and Google Slides themes

Discover the best Nature PowerPoint templates and Google Slides themes that you can use in your presentations.

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Top 35 Nature PowerPoint Templates to Enjoy the Splendid Beauty of Nature!

Deepali Khatri

If you are in your office on a beautiful day and you see the wonderful weather outside, it will be hard for you to focus on what’s going inside. Well, if you can’t take your viewers outside, you can surely bring the outdoors inside by making the use of these predesigned PowerPoint slide designs.

Enjoy the beauty and explore different colors of nature with our creative collection of Top 35 Spring PPT templates. Take the time to unplug and delve into nature’s beauty with the best collection of these predesigned PowerPoint slide design.

Whether you want to advertise organic products or create a presentation on the ways to save mother nature, these PPT slides will serve as the best tool for such purposes. Promote your business and advertise seasonal sports using our beautifully designed Nature PowerPoint templates.

Forest Nature PowerPoint Template-1

Get this readymade Forest Nature PowerPoint Template

Explain the concept of afforestation and deforestation through this visually appealing PowerPoint template. Educate your students about the importance of wildlife for ecological balance and how it helps in maintaining a balance of nature. Familiarize your viewers with the various species existing on this earth and their contribution to each other. Showcase how trees play an important role in saving many lives with the assistance of this forest nature PowerPoint template.

Beach Enjoy Nature PowerPoint Template-2

Click Here to Get this Beautifully Designed Beach Enjoy Nature PowerPoint Template

This slide is perfect to advertise your beach business and for promoting the hotels and restaurants on the beach. Enjoy the season of spring and summer and prepare a list of things you need to carry along with you while planning a trip to a beach. Explore the beauty and different colors of nature. One can also employ this slide to advertise water sports.

Lake Nature PowerPoint Template-3

Download this Lake Nature PowerPoint Slide Design

Create awareness on the benefits of yoga, exercising, walking, and meditation with this professionally designed PowerPoint slide design. Feel the beauty of nature and create outstanding presentations with this lake nature PowerPoint template. Explore the greatest collection of Nature PowerPoint templates at SlideTeam and deliver quality rich presentations in just no time. The slide can also be incorporated by the teachers to educate the students about the importance of the ecosystem.

Eagle Over Davidson Nature PowerPoint Templates And PowerPoint Backgrounds-4

Click Here to Get This Eagle Over Davidson Nature PPT Slide Show

This wonderful slide can be used to showcase the beauty of nature in the winter morning. Display the pleasant beauty of snow and promote your business in hilly areas. Incorporate the slide to advertise your business camping and hiking products. List down the camping and survival equipment using the predesigned PowerPoint layout.

Sunset Nature PowerPoint Template-5

Click Here to Get this Sunset Nature PowerPoint Template

Showcase the beauty of nature using this readily available sunset nature PowerPoint slide design. The above-shown template depicts the beautiful colors from a sunset. The presenter can present the phenomenon called scattering because of which sunset takes place. Depict the fundamental relation between nature and humans using this PPT slide.

Italian Mountain Nature PowerPoint Templates And PowerPoint Backgrounds-6

Click Here to Get this Italian Mountain Nature PowerPoint Template

Explain the worth of nature and its valuable resources using this Italian mountain nature PowerPoint slide show. This slide can also be used for promoting the institutes providing coaching for skiing. Promote the businesses located in the hilly areas. Showcase the benefits one can have from meditation in the hilly areas. Admire the beauty of nature with this mountain nature PowerPoint slide.

Flower Nature PowerPoint Template-7

Click Here to Get this Flower Nature PowerPoint Template

Incorporate this flower nature PowerPoint template and get a better exposure to nature that will make you feel better emotionally. The PPT slide can also be used to explain the contribution nature makes to your physical wellbeing. Inspired by nature, we at SlideTeam have created such templates that will help you enjoy and feel the beauty of nature. Deliver quality rich presentations on nature-related topics using the predesigned flower PowerPoint slide.

Child Observing Nature PowerPoint Template-8

Click Here to Get this Visually Appealing Child Observing Nature PPT Template

Explore different colors of nature and teach children about the existing species. This slide can also be incorporated to guide viewers about the ways of gardening. You can even advertise and promote your organic products. Educate kids on how they can save the environment and create awareness about global warming. Enjoy the beauty of tulips and flora and fauna taking advantage of this wonderful nature PowerPoint slide.

Sunflower Nature PowerPoint Template-9

Click Here to Get This Amazing Sunflower Nature PPT Slide Design

Flowers are a symbol of love, passion, desire, joy, and happiness. Spread love using these professionally curated PPT slide show. Enjoy the season of spring and summer. Sunflowers are known for being happy. The template can also be used for wishing someone. Prepare a beautiful video for your loved ones and write a suitable quote on this wonderful slide.

Sunlight Nature PowerPoint Template-10

Download this Sunlight nature PPT Layout

Showcase the beauty of nature with this sunlight Nature PowerPoint template and mention the ways you can protect nature. The slide can also be employed to educate the students on how to save trees and other natural resources. One can also take advantage of this Nature’s PPT slide to promote their organic products.

Tree Nature PowerPoint Template-11

Grab this Tree Nature PowerPoint slide show

Familiarize people with the concept of afforestation and deforestation. Jot down the ways they can save valuable resources. Elucidate how trees are important for us and how they contribute oxygen to the environment. Display the uses of trees and the importance of planting trees in the schools using this professionally designed tree PowerPoint slide.

Sunlight Nature PowerPoint Template-12

Click Here to Grab this Readymade Sunlight Nature PowerPoint Slide

Make powerful PPTs and describe nature and its beauty through this sunlight nature PowerPoint slide. School teachers can incorporate the slide to and guide the students how by preserving nature, the planets and all its inhabitants are guaranteed a supply of clean water and fresh air. Showcase the health benefits one can have from jogging, walking and running in the morning and its impact on one’s physical and mental health.

Beautiful Ocean Nature PowerPoint Template-13

Download this Predesigned Beautiful Ocean Nature PPT Layout

Create awareness on the benefits of yoga, running, meditation with this amazing beautiful ocean nature PPT slide show. Mention the ways one can save water and other valuable natural resources. Oceans are the lifeblood of Earth providing us with oxygen and absorbing carbon. Make an impactful PPT presentation with this predeveloped beautiful ocean nature PowerPoint layout.

Purple Hosta Nature PowerPoint Template-14

Download this Predesigned Purple Hosta Nature PowerPoint Slide Show

Protect your mother nature and showcase the ways one can save natural resources. Grab the attention of the viewers with this refreshing and surprising beauty of this wonderful purple Hosta nature PowerPoint slide design. A presenter can use this template to explain the features of Hosta flowers and the care tips one must keep in mind while dealing with these flowers.

Gerbera Flower Nature PowerPoint Template-15

Download this Gerbera Flower Nature PPT Template

These flowers are the symbol of innocence and purity. You can incorporate the slide to make beautiful cards for your friends, family and loved ones. Wish them the best using this template and prepare cards for their birthdays and anniversary. Make a wonderful video for your partner by adding pleasant music at the background and incorporating these beautifully designed flower nature PowerPoint graphics.

Leaves Reflection Nature PowerPoint Template-16

Click Here to Grab this Leaves Reflection Nature PPT Slide Design

Save the environment and educate people about the ways they can save the valuable resources of the environment. The slide can be used by those people who want to promote and advertise products related to nature. One can also jot down the ways to enjoy the beauty of nature. Mention the services nature and humans provide to each other.

Fall Forest Nature PowerPoint Template-17

Click Here to Get this Fall Forest Nature PowerPoint Slide Design

Showcase the importance and beauty of the forest with the help of this readily available forest nature PowerPoint template. This professionally designed forest nature PowerPoint slide can be used to advertise the water sports and adventures. Spread awareness to conserve water and plant more trees by taking advantage of this forest nature PowerPoint template.

Happy Flowers Nature PowerPoint Template-18

Click Here to Get this Happy Flowers Nature PowerPoint Slide Design

Flowers never go out of fashion, so give your presentation a flowery touch. Enlist the upcoming events and educate toddlers about the different fruits and flowers that we get from nature. Enjoy the season of spring and summer and spread the love with the assistance of this predeveloped happy flowers nature PowerPoint template.

Pond Beauty Nature PowerPoint Template-19

Download this Pond Beauty Nature PPT Template

Create inspiring presentations about nature and raise awareness. Showcase the contribution nature makes to your physical wellbeing. Display that exposure to nature not only makes you feel better emotionally but it also helps in reducing a lot of health problems. The above-shown slide can also be incorporated to mention the ways one can save nature.

Pink Rose Nature PowerPoint Templates PPT Themes And Graphics-20

Click Here to Get this Pink Rose Nature PowerPoint Template

The above-shown template depicts the beauty of nature. The slide can be used to wish a birthday or anniversary to your loved ones. Prepare a beautiful video by incorporating this professionally designed pink rose nature PowerPoint layout. Add soothing music in the background and post this video on your partner’s timeline.

Save Earth And Water Protection Flat PowerPoint Design-21

Get this Save Earth and Water Protection PowerPoint Slide Show

Prepare impactful PPT presentations on save water and write the quotes and slogans on this predeveloped save earth PowerPoint slide. The PPT slide can be incorporated by the schoolteachers in their sessions to prepare a presentation for the students. List down the ways they can save water for the future generation by downloading this readymade PPT layout.

Garden Nature PowerPoint Templates Pathway Growth PPT Slide-22

Click Here to Grab This Garden Nature PowerPoint Template

Enjoy the beauty of nature and showcase the benefits of jogging, meditation and walking in the early morning. Give a fresh start to your presentation with this green tree garden nature PowerPoint slide show. Grab the attention of your viewers by bringing the outdoors inside while delivering your presentation using this PowerPoint template.

Butterfly Background Nature PowerPoint Templates and PowerPoint Backgrounds-23

Download this Creative Butterfly Background Nature PowerPoint Slide Show

Enlighten your audience with the importance of flora and fauna. Showcase the scenic beauty of various places. List down the places you want to visit. Take your audience for a nature tour taking advantage of this readily available PowerPoint template. You can not take your audience out while delivering any presentation but you can bring nature inside by making impactful presentations using this slide.

Pink Tulip Nature PowerPoint Templates And PowerPoint Backgrounds-24

Download this Amazingly Curated Pink Tulip Nature PPT Slide Show

This slide can be used for natural, decorative, artistic and love presentation. Enjoy the beauty of tulips and make powerful PowerPoint presentations. The template can also be employed for showcasing the ways one can protect the mother nature. Enjoy and feel the beauty of nature with this professionally curated PowerPoint layout.

Bumble Bee Nature PowerPoint Templates And PowerPoint Backgrounds-25

Click Here to Grab this Beautifully Designed Bumble Bee Nature PowerPoint Layout

Give your presentation a flowery touch with this bumblebee nature PowerPoint layout. Present your business in new ways. Create an interesting PPT template presentation by downloading this slide. Add as many slides to this PowerPoint theme as you want. Prepare a beautiful video for your loved ones using this PPT template.

Butterfly Nature PowerPoint Templates And PowerPoint Backgrounds-26

Click Here to Grab This Butterfly Nature PowerPoint Slide Design

This PPT slide can be used to create decorations and crafts for children. Educate people on how they can save the environment and the natural resources like butterflies, plants, and trees. Showcase the importance of nature for the survival of human beings and the things provided by nature.

Autumn Park Nature PowerPoint Templates And PowerPoint Backgrounds-27

Download this Readily Available Autumn Park Nature PPT Guide

Teach toddlers about the various season of nature. Feel the pleasure of the beautiful red, yellow and orange color in the season of autumn. Get a perfect sense of relaxation and warmth using this template. One can use this PPT slide for all the nature-related presentations.

Morning on The Farm Nature PowerPoint Template-28

Download this Morning on the Farm Nature PowerPoint Template

The presenter can use the PPT slide to make the audience familiar with farming and agriculture. Advertise organic farming and the different techniques of farming. Explore the different colors of nature with this creatively designed morning on the farm PowerPoint slide show.

Dew Drops Nature PowerPoint Template-29

Click Here to Grab This Readymade Dew Drops Nature PowerPoint Slide Show

If you can’t take your audience outside while giving a PPT presentation, you can use this template to bring the outdoors inside. Use this slide in your next presentation and talk about the beauty of nature. The above shown template depicts beautiful dewdrops in the winter morning. Spread awareness for preserving nature and natural resources using the slide show.

Vineyard Nature PowerPoint Background and Template-30

Download this Predesigned Vineyard Nature PowerPoint Graphic

Feel the warmth of the sun and enjoy the pleasant beauty using this beautifully designed PowerPoint template. Create awareness on the benefits of yoga, meditation, exercising. This slide is a PowerPoint theme for giving a consistent, professional look to all the slides and can be downloaded in JPG and PDF file formats. Describe the beauty of a sunset and explain the scientific phenomenon behind the sunrise and sunset.

River Nature PowerPoint Backgrounds and Templates-31

Grab this Professionally Designed River Nature PowerPoint Template

Showcase the importance and the role played by rivers in the ecology of the rainforest. Also, rivers provide a habitat for wildlife which can be easily displayed using this beautifully designed river PowerPoint slide show. Showcase the various rivers of the world and let the students be aware of the various features of each river.

Green Earth Nature PowerPoint Background And Template-32

Get this Customizable Green Earth Nature PowerPoint Slide Design

Spread awareness and mention the ways one can save the planet Earth. Explain the concept of global warming and the ways one can deal with it. The slide can also be incorporated to familiarize the audience with the 3R’s i.e. recycle, reuse and reduce. Talk about the measures to control environmental pollution with the help of this predesigned PowerPoint template.

Water Fall Nature PowerPoint Templates And PowerPoint Backgrounds-33

Click Here to Download this Amazing WaterFall Nature PPT Slide Show

Make a powerful PowerPoint presentation on the wonders of nature. Talk about the famous Niagara Falls and its beauty. The safety measure one should take at the place can also be displayed taking the assistance of this readymade PPT template. Showcase the scenic beauty of your country taking the assistance of this readily available PowerPoint template.

Tropical Sunset Nature PowerPoint Templates And PowerPoint Backgrounds-34

Click Here to Download this Tropical Sunset Nature PowerPoint Design

The slide is the best tool to advertise adventure and water spots. Reflect the beauty of nature at the sunset using this PPT template. Create inspiring PowerPoint Presentation and showcase the beautiful colors caused by sunset in the atmosphere. Prepare a list of places you want to travel with this readily available PowerPoint slide design.

Bamboo Nature PowerPoint Templates and PowerPoint Backgrounds-35

Get this Readily Available Bamboo Nature PowerPoint Slide Show

Explain the benefits of bamboo and educate children about the bamboo species. Incorporate the template to depict the uses of bamboo and how these help in making roads and medicines, food, fuel, paper, and other similar things.  Share the facts related to a bamboo tree with this predesigned PowerPoint slide show.

Choose the best among the available templates and create an impactful presentation in no time.

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Nature Presentation Template

The nature presentation template offers an inspiring show because the template contains a nature-themed Google Slide design. It is ideal for a green concept presentation featuring the symbiotic relationship between nature and organisms. The nature slides provide the tranquility and splendor of the great outdoors meeting the world of presentation. This template is crafted to boost environmental awareness among the common folk, students, and industries. Together, we can work towards creating a more conducive ecosystem for future generations, ensuring the continued harmony between mankind and nature.

Nature Slide Template is an educational Google Slides Theme, so it has a combination of images that focus on natural beauty and ecologically important themes. Your environmental slideshow will be at its apex with these high-definition vector arts and pictorial scenic attractions. As an educational template, it allows green business presentations, natural photography displays, flora and fauna visuals, ecology and wildlife talks, conservation project pitches, nature preservation presentations, serene outdoor imagery, and so on. Besides, the eco-friendly PowerPoint template can be used for engaging eco-conscious business pitches and sustainability reports. Besides, the template is fit for outdoor adventure and travel presentations.

This nature presentation Google Slides theme contains 20 slides with green backdrop pictures. These slides are arranged in the following order:

• Title slide for nature presentation with a spider web
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Asia remained the world’s most disaster-affected region in 2023 due to weather, climate and water-related hazards. Storms and floods have hit the hardest, a new report published by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) on Tuesday reveals.

Following close on the heels of the study of  climate change in Europe , published by WMO on Monday, the  State of the Climate in Asia 2023 report highlighted the accelerating rate of climate change across several indicators such as surface temperature, glacier retreat, sea level rise and more. 

“The report's conclusions are sobering. Many countries in the region experienced their hottest year on record in 2023, along with a barrage of extreme conditions, from droughts and heatwaves to floods and storms,” said Celeste Saulo, WMO Secretary-General. 

Climate change has exacerbated the frequency and severity of such events that profoundly impact societies, economies, and, most importantly, human lives, she underscored.

Faster than average

With the warming trend almost doubling since the period from 1960–1990, Asia is heating up faster than the global average , with increased casualties and economic losses from floods, storms, and more severe heatwaves. 

In 2023, sea-surface temperatures in the northwest Pacific Ocean were the highest on record. Even the Arctic Ocean suffered a marine heatwave. In many areas of the region, including the Arabian Sea, the southern Kara Sea, and the southeastern Laptev Sea, the sea surface is warming more than three times faster than globally. The Barents Sea was identified by the report as a “climate change hotspot”.

Driven by thermal expansion and the melting of glaciers, ice caps and ice sheets, sea level continued to rise globally. However, in Asia, rates were higher than the global mean over 1993–2023.

Last year, the continent (just to vary the language) saw 79 water hazard-related disasters , with over 80 per cent linked to floods and storms, resulting in over 2,000 fatalities and affecting nine million people directly, according to the Emergency Events Database.

Temperatures up, precipitation down

Many parts of the region experienced extreme heat in 2023. Asia's annual mean near-surface temperature ranked as the second highest on record with 0.91 °C above the 1991–2020 average. Particularly high temperatures were observed from western Siberia to central Asia, and from eastern China to Japan. Japan and Kazakhstan experienced a record warm year .

Meanwhile, the level of precipitation was below normal in large parts of the Turan Lowland (Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan), the Hindu Kush (Afghanistan, Pakistan) and the Himalayas, as well as around the Ganges and lower course of the Brahmaputra Rivers (India and Bangladesh). 

The Arakan Mountains in Myanmar and the lower course of the Mekong River areas have also seen less rainfall than usual, while Southwest China suffered from a drought, with below-normal precipitation levels nearly every month of 2023. 

Despite overall lower precipitation, several extreme events occurred, such as heavy rainfall in Myanmar in May; floods and storms across India, Pakistan, and Nepal in June and July, and record hourly rainfall in Hong Kong in September, to name a few. 

Retreating glaciers and receding permafrost 

Home to the largest volume of ice outside of the polar regions, the High-Mountain Asia region with the Tibetan Plateau at its centre, has approximately 100,000 square kilometres of glaciers. Over the last several decades, most of those have been retreating, and at an accelerating rate. Twenty out of 22 observed glaciers continued losing mass , yielding to record-breaking high temperatures and dry conditions.

Permafrost – soil that continuously remains below 0 °C for two or more years – is also surrendering territories to the increasing air temperatures in the Arctic. The most rapid thawing of permafrost in Asia is observed in the Polar Urals and the western regions of Western Siberia. 

Severe dust storms, lightning and thunders, waves of extreme cold and thick smog were also among extreme events that affected lives of millions across Asia. 

Early warning for all

The report shows that from 1970 to 2021, there were 3,612 disasters attributed to weather, climate and water extremes, with 984,263 deaths and $1.4 trillion in economic losses. The region accounted for 47 per cent of all reported deaths caused by natural disasters worldwide , with tropical cyclones as the leading cause of reported deaths.

To mitigate these impacts, the WMO and its partners advocate for a strong early warning and disaster risk reduction system to save lives and prevent future economic crises exacerbated by climate change.

“Early warning and better preparedness saved thousands of lives,” said Armida Salsiah Alisjahbana, Executive Secretary of the UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific ( ESCAP ), which partnered in producing the report. 

“ESCAP and WMO, working in partnership, will continue to invest in raising climate ambition and accelerating the implementation of sound policy, including bringing an early warning to all in the region so that no one is left behind as our climate change crisis continues to evolve,” she assured. 

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40 facts about elektrostal.

Written by Lanette Mayes

Modified & Updated: 02 Mar 2024

Reviewed by Jessica Corbett

Elektrostal is a vibrant city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia. With a rich history, stunning architecture, and a thriving community, Elektrostal is a city that has much to offer. Whether you are a history buff, nature enthusiast, or simply curious about different cultures, Elektrostal is sure to captivate you.

This article will provide you with 40 fascinating facts about Elektrostal, giving you a better understanding of why this city is worth exploring. From its origins as an industrial hub to its modern-day charm, we will delve into the various aspects that make Elektrostal a unique and must-visit destination.

So, join us as we uncover the hidden treasures of Elektrostal and discover what makes this city a true gem in the heart of Russia.

Key Takeaways:

• Elektrostal, known as the “Motor City of Russia,” is a vibrant and growing city with a rich industrial history, offering diverse cultural experiences and a strong commitment to environmental sustainability.
• With its convenient location near Moscow, Elektrostal provides a picturesque landscape, vibrant nightlife, and a range of recreational activities, making it an ideal destination for residents and visitors alike.

Known as the “Motor City of Russia.”

Elektrostal, a city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia, earned the nickname “Motor City” due to its significant involvement in the automotive industry.

Home to the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Elektrostal is renowned for its metallurgical plant, which has been producing high-quality steel and alloys since its establishment in 1916.

Boasts a rich industrial heritage.

Elektrostal has a long history of industrial development, contributing to the growth and progress of the region.

Founded in 1916.

The city of Elektrostal was founded in 1916 as a result of the construction of the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Located approximately 50 kilometers east of Moscow.

Elektrostal is situated in close proximity to the Russian capital, making it easily accessible for both residents and visitors.

Known for its vibrant cultural scene.

Elektrostal is home to several cultural institutions, including museums, theaters, and art galleries that showcase the city’s rich artistic heritage.

A popular destination for nature lovers.

Surrounded by picturesque landscapes and forests, Elektrostal offers ample opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and birdwatching.

Hosts the annual Elektrostal City Day celebrations.

Every year, Elektrostal organizes festive events and activities to celebrate its founding, bringing together residents and visitors in a spirit of unity and joy.

Has a population of approximately 160,000 people.

Elektrostal is home to a diverse and vibrant community of around 160,000 residents, contributing to its dynamic atmosphere.

Boasts excellent education facilities.

The city is known for its well-established educational institutions, providing quality education to students of all ages.

A center for scientific research and innovation.

Elektrostal serves as an important hub for scientific research, particularly in the fields of metallurgy, materials science, and engineering.

Surrounded by picturesque lakes.

The city is blessed with numerous beautiful lakes, offering scenic views and recreational opportunities for locals and visitors alike.

Well-connected transportation system.

Elektrostal benefits from an efficient transportation network, including highways, railways, and public transportation options, ensuring convenient travel within and beyond the city.

Famous for its traditional Russian cuisine.

Food enthusiasts can indulge in authentic Russian dishes at numerous restaurants and cafes scattered throughout Elektrostal.

Home to notable architectural landmarks.

Elektrostal boasts impressive architecture, including the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord and the Elektrostal Palace of Culture.

Offers a wide range of recreational facilities.

Residents and visitors can enjoy various recreational activities, such as sports complexes, swimming pools, and fitness centers, enhancing the overall quality of life.

Provides a high standard of healthcare.

Elektrostal is equipped with modern medical facilities, ensuring residents have access to quality healthcare services.

Home to the Elektrostal History Museum.

The Elektrostal History Museum showcases the city’s fascinating past through exhibitions and displays.

A hub for sports enthusiasts.

Elektrostal is passionate about sports, with numerous stadiums, arenas, and sports clubs offering opportunities for athletes and spectators.

Celebrates diverse cultural festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal hosts a variety of cultural festivals, celebrating different ethnicities, traditions, and art forms.

Electric power played a significant role in its early development.

Elektrostal owes its name and initial growth to the establishment of electric power stations and the utilization of electricity in the industrial sector.

Boasts a thriving economy.

The city’s strong industrial base, coupled with its strategic location near Moscow, has contributed to Elektrostal’s prosperous economic status.

Houses the Elektrostal Drama Theater.

The Elektrostal Drama Theater is a cultural centerpiece, attracting theater enthusiasts from far and wide.

Popular destination for winter sports.

Elektrostal’s proximity to ski resorts and winter sport facilities makes it a favorite destination for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter activities.

Promotes environmental sustainability.

Elektrostal prioritizes environmental protection and sustainability, implementing initiatives to reduce pollution and preserve natural resources.

Home to renowned educational institutions.

Elektrostal is known for its prestigious schools and universities, offering a wide range of academic programs to students.

Committed to cultural preservation.

The city values its cultural heritage and takes active steps to preserve and promote traditional customs, crafts, and arts.

Hosts an annual International Film Festival.

The Elektrostal International Film Festival attracts filmmakers and cinema enthusiasts from around the world, showcasing a diverse range of films.

Encourages entrepreneurship and innovation.

Elektrostal supports aspiring entrepreneurs and fosters a culture of innovation, providing opportunities for startups and business development.

Offers a range of housing options.

Elektrostal provides diverse housing options, including apartments, houses, and residential complexes, catering to different lifestyles and budgets.

Home to notable sports teams.

Elektrostal is proud of its sports legacy, with several successful sports teams competing at regional and national levels.

Boasts a vibrant nightlife scene.

Residents and visitors can enjoy a lively nightlife in Elektrostal, with numerous bars, clubs, and entertainment venues.

Promotes cultural exchange and international relations.

Elektrostal actively engages in international partnerships, cultural exchanges, and diplomatic collaborations to foster global connections.

Surrounded by beautiful nature reserves.

Nearby nature reserves, such as the Barybino Forest and Luchinskoye Lake, offer opportunities for nature enthusiasts to explore and appreciate the region’s biodiversity.

Commemorates historical events.

The city pays tribute to significant historical events through memorials, monuments, and exhibitions, ensuring the preservation of collective memory.

Promotes sports and youth development.

Elektrostal invests in sports infrastructure and programs to encourage youth participation, health, and physical fitness.

Hosts annual cultural and artistic festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal celebrates its cultural diversity through festivals dedicated to music, dance, art, and theater.

Provides a picturesque landscape for photography enthusiasts.

The city’s scenic beauty, architectural landmarks, and natural surroundings make it a paradise for photographers.

Connects to Moscow via a direct train line.

The convenient train connection between Elektrostal and Moscow makes commuting between the two cities effortless.

A city with a bright future.

Elektrostal continues to grow and develop, aiming to become a model city in terms of infrastructure, sustainability, and quality of life for its residents.

In conclusion, Elektrostal is a fascinating city with a rich history and a vibrant present. From its origins as a center of steel production to its modern-day status as a hub for education and industry, Elektrostal has plenty to offer both residents and visitors. With its beautiful parks, cultural attractions, and proximity to Moscow, there is no shortage of things to see and do in this dynamic city. Whether you’re interested in exploring its historical landmarks, enjoying outdoor activities, or immersing yourself in the local culture, Elektrostal has something for everyone. So, next time you find yourself in the Moscow region, don’t miss the opportunity to discover the hidden gems of Elektrostal.

Q: What is the population of Elektrostal?

A: As of the latest data, the population of Elektrostal is approximately XXXX.

Q: How far is Elektrostal from Moscow?

A: Elektrostal is located approximately XX kilometers away from Moscow.

Q: Are there any famous landmarks in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to several notable landmarks, including XXXX and XXXX.

Q: What industries are prominent in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal is known for its steel production industry and is also a center for engineering and manufacturing.

Q: Are there any universities or educational institutions in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to XXXX University and several other educational institutions.

Q: What are some popular outdoor activities in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal offers several outdoor activities, such as hiking, cycling, and picnicking in its beautiful parks.

Q: Is Elektrostal well-connected in terms of transportation?

A: Yes, Elektrostal has good transportation links, including trains and buses, making it easily accessible from nearby cities.

Q: Are there any annual events or festivals in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, including XXXX and XXXX.

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• Published: 26 April 2024

Conference report

Ivor Whitehead Prize Presentation Day

• Ferin Varghese 1 &
• Riya Patel 2  

British Dental Journal volume  236 ,  page 591 ( 2024 ) Cite this article

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Following a four-year hiatus, the BDA Hospitals Group West Midlands Division Study Day made a successful return on 22 February 2024 at the Birmingham Dental Hospital. With anticipation running high, a cohort of 15 junior staff, carefully selected through abstract submissions, showcased their presentation skills across various dental specialties from paediatrics to maxillofacial surgery.

The winners (left to right): Malaaika, Nabeela, Riya and Aya

Mr John Turner, committee president and consultant orthodontist, set the tone with a warm welcome, introducing each presenter, the guest speaker, and the panel of four judges. The guest speaker this year was Dr Rachel Walker who is a Specialty Doctor in Supportive and Palliative Medicine as well as a Specialty Dentist in Oral Surgery. She provided valuable insights on the topic of ‘The Medical-Dental Interface: Managing medically complex patients in an ageing population'.

Attendees engaged in compelling presentations competing for the Ivor Whitehead Prize. Each presentation was followed by a five-minute active discussion with both the audience and panel of judges who were committed to ensuring accuracy, holding presenters to high standards. Thank you for the time and support extended by the panel of judges: Mrs Sarah McKaig (Consultant in Paediatric Dentistry), Ms Katy Martin (Consultant Oral Surgeon), Mr Yogesh Bulsara (Specialist in Oral Surgery and Special Care Dentistry), and Mr Hugo Whitehead (General Dental Practitioner and Practice Owner).

The presentations encompassed a diverse range of topics, predominantly featuring distinctive cases which trainees were directly involved with. Subjects ranged from the medical management of congenital ranulas and buccal furcation cysts, to tracheomegaly. Amongst the highlights was a discussion on a fascinating case of Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome, commemorating the centennial since its initial naming in 1924.

The task of selecting winners fell to the panel of judges. Their deliberations, though challenging, reflected the high calibre of presentations delivered throughout the day.

In the end, Nabeela Caratela claimed the top prize with her presentation on her case report ‘Technique tips for the management of complicated crown fractures in children'.

Meanwhile, Malaaika Al-Koky's innovative project on creating a new standard operating procedure for clinical photography at the Birmingham Dental Hospital titled ‘Lights, camera, action: making snappy changes in photography' earned her a well-deserved second prize.

Third prize was shared by Riya Patel for her pertinent case report on ‘Osteoma of the jaws - The first clinical sign of Gardner's Syndrome' and Aya Shammout for her thorough audit on ‘Radiographic outcomes for alveolar bone grafts performed in 2022 at the Birmingham Children's Hospital' .

As the event drew to a close, Mr John Turner expressed gratitude to all participants, highlighting the invaluable learning experiences and high quality oral presentations shared throughout the day.

A feedback survey, completed by 36 attendees, showed 100% satisfaction with the event overall. When prompted to highlight their favourite aspects of the occasion, most respondents mentioned the seamless organisation of the day and the diversity of presentations. Similarly, when asked about the most valuable takeaway from the event, attendees emphasised the wealth of information acquired throughout the day, along with newfound insights into audit ideas and presentation techniques.

As the committee secretary, along with Mr Turner and Dr Sarah Martin (committee treasurer), I extend our gratitude to all presenters for their valuable contributions. Thank you to all attendees for joining us, and we encourage trainees to maintain their active involvement in future events.

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Ferin Varghese

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Varghese, F., Patel, R. Ivor Whitehead Prize Presentation Day. Br Dent J 236 , 591 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-024-7385-9

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-024-7385-9

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Hot Oceans Worsened Dubai’s Dramatic Flooding, Scientists Say

An international team of researchers found that heavy rains had intensified in the region, though they couldn’t say for sure how much climate change was responsible.

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By Raymond Zhong

Scenes of flood-ravaged neighborhoods in one of the planet’s driest regions stunned the world this month. Heavy rains in the United Arab Emirates and Oman submerged cars, clogged highways and killed at least 21 people. Flights out of Dubai’s airport, a major global hub, were severely disrupted.

The downpours weren’t a total surprise — forecasters had anticipated the storms several days earlier and issued warnings. But they were certainly unusual.

Here’s what to know.

Heavy rain there is rare, but not unheard-of.

On average, the Arabian Peninsula receives a scant few inches of rain a year, although scientists have found that a sizable chunk of that precipitation falls in infrequent but severe bursts, not as periodic showers. These rains often come during El Niño conditions like the ones the world is experiencing now.

U.A.E. officials said the 24-hour rain total on April 16 was the country’s largest since records there began in 1949 . And parts of the nation had already experienced an earlier round of thunderstorms in March.

Oman, with its coastline on the Arabian Sea, is also vulnerable to tropical cyclones. Past storms there have brought torrential rain, powerful winds and mudslides, causing extensive damage.

Global warming is projected to intensify downpours.

Stronger storms are a key consequence of human-caused global warming. As the atmosphere gets hotter, it can hold more moisture, which can eventually make its way down to the earth as rain or snow.

But that doesn’t mean rainfall patterns are changing in precisely the same way across every part of the globe.

In their latest assessment of climate research , scientists convened by the United Nations found there wasn’t enough data to have firm conclusions about rainfall trends in the Arabian Peninsula and how climate change was affecting them. The researchers said, however, that if global warming were to be allowed to continue worsening in the coming decades, extreme downpours in the region would quite likely become more intense and more frequent.

Hot oceans are a big factor.

An international team of scientists has made a first attempt at estimating the extent to which climate change may have contributed to April’s storms. The researchers didn’t manage to pin down the connection precisely, though in their analysis, they did highlight one known driver of heavy rain in the region: above-normal ocean temperatures.

Large parts of the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans have been hotter than usual recently, in part because of El Niño and other natural weather cycles, and in part because of human-induced warming .

When looking only at El Niño years, the scientists estimated that storm events as infrequent as this month’s delivered 10 percent to 40 percent more rain to the region than they would in a world that hadn’t been warmed by human activities. They cautioned, however, that these estimates were highly uncertain.

“Rainfall, in general, is getting more extreme,” said Mansour Almazroui, a climate scientist at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and one of the researchers who contributed to the analysis.

The analysis was conducted by scientists affiliated with World Weather Attribution, a research collaboration that studies extreme weather events shortly after they occur. Their findings about this month’s rains haven’t yet been peer reviewed, but are based on standardized methods .

The role of cloud seeding isn’t clear.

The U.A.E. has for decades worked to increase rainfall and boost water supplies by seeding clouds. Essentially, this involves shooting particles into clouds to encourage the moisture to gather into larger, heavier droplets, ones that are more likely to fall as rain or snow.

Cloud seeding and other rain-enhancement methods have been tried around the world, including in Australia, China, India, Israel, South Africa and the United States. Studies have found that these operations can, at best, affect precipitation modestly — enough to turn a downpour into a bigger downpour, but probably not a drizzle into a deluge.

Still, experts said pinning down how much seeding might have contributed to this month’s storms would require detailed study.

“In general, it is quite a challenge to assess the impact of seeding,” said Luca Delle Monache, a climate scientist at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, Calif. Dr. Delle Monache has been leading efforts to use artificial intelligence to improve the U.A.E.’s rain-enhancement program.

An official with the U.A.E.’s National Center of Meteorology, Omar Al Yazeedi, told news outlets that the agency didn’t conduct any seeding during the latest storms. His statements didn’t make clear, however, whether that was also true in the hours or days before.

Mr. Al Yazeedi didn’t respond to emailed questions from The New York Times, and Adel Kamal, a spokesman for the center, didn’t have further comment.

Cities in dry places just aren’t designed for floods.

Wherever it happens, flooding isn’t just a matter of how much rain comes down. It’s also about what happens to all that water once it’s on the ground — most critically, in the places people live.

Cities in arid regions often aren’t designed to drain very effectively. In these areas, paved surfaces block rain from seeping into the earth below, forcing it into drainage systems that can easily become overwhelmed.

One recent study of Sharjah , the capital of the third-largest emirate in the U.A.E., found that the city’s rapid growth over the past half-century had made it vulnerable to flooding at far lower levels of rain than before.

Omnia Al Desoukie contributed reporting.

Raymond Zhong reports on climate and environmental issues for The Times. More about Raymond Zhong

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Developing ash-free high-strength spherical carbon catalyst supports

• Domestic Catalysts
• Published: 28 June 2013
• Volume 5 , pages 156–163, ( 2013 )

Cite this article

• V. V. Gur’yanov 1 ,
• V. M. Mukhin 1 &
• A. A. Kurilkin 1  

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The possibility of using furfurol for the production of ash-free high-strength active carbons with spheroidal particles as adsorbents and catalyst supports is substantiated. A single-stage process that incorporates the resinification of furfurol, the molding of a spherical product, and its hardening while allowing the process cycle time and the cost of equipment to be reduced is developed. Derivatographic, X-ray diffraction, mercury porometric, and adsorption studies of the carbonization of the molded spherical product are performed to characterize the development of the primary and porous structures of carbon residues. Ash-free active carbons with spheroidal particles, a full volume of sorbing micro- and mesopores (up to 1.50 cm 3 /g), and a uniquely high mechanical strength (its abrasion rate is three orders of magnitude lower than that of industrial active carbons) are obtained via the vapor-gas activation of a carbonized product. The obtained active carbons are superior to all known foreign and domestic analogues and are promising for the production of catalysts that operate under severe regimes, i.e., in moving and fluidized beds.

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A retrospective audit of adult and paediatric anaphylaxis management from two Australian metropolitan mixed emergency departments

• A Thomas 1 , 2 ,
• J Delic 3 , 4 ,
• P Hudson 5 ,
• M Batchelor 5 ,
• H Johannsen 4 , 5 &
• LE Grzeskowiak 1 , 4 , 6  

BMC Emergency Medicine volume  24 , Article number:  67 ( 2024 ) Cite this article

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Anaphylaxis is a potentially life-threatening allergic reaction, with presentations to emergency departments (EDs) increasing across Australia. Understanding the features of those presenting with anaphylaxis and aspects related to its optimal clinical management across the admission, treatment and discharge settings is needed to minimise its impact. We aimed to evaluate the nature and management of presentations related to anaphylaxis across two Australian EDs.

Retrospective audit of paediatric and adult patients presenting to a community or tertiary level ED with anaphylaxis from 1 May 2018 to 30 April 2019. Data extracted from medical records included demographic characteristics, causative agents, clinical features, treatments administered across community, ambulance or ED settings, as well as post-discharge care arrangements including provision of Adrenaline Auto-Injector (AAI) and Allergy/Anaphylaxis Action Plan (AAP).

A total of 369 (107 paediatric and 262 adult) ED presentations were identified. A total of 94 (36%) adult and 46 (43%) paediatric patients received pre-hospital adrenaline, with a further 91 (35%) adult and 29 (27%) paediatric patients receiving a dose of adrenaline in the ED. The most commonly administered treatment in ED were corticosteroids, given to 157 (60%) adult and 55 (51%) paediatric patients. Among those requiring an AAI for discharge, 123/210 (59%) adult and 57/91 (63%) of paediatric patients left hospital with an AAI. In contrast, among those requiring an allergy/anaphylaxis action plan (AAP) on discharge, 61/206 (30%) adult and 30/90 (33%) of paediatric patients left hospital with one. Factors associated with an increased likelihood of receiving AAI on discharge in paediatric and adult patients included receipt of any adrenaline, receipt of two or more doses of adrenaline, and longer duration of hospital stay. Adults presenting within business hours were more likely to be discharged with AAI, but no such difference was observed for paediatric patients. Similar findings were evident for provision of AAP on discharge.

These findings demonstrate the need to improve assessment and treatment in the ED. In particular, the observed large variability in provision of AAI and AAP on discharge presents opportunities to explore strategies to improve awareness and provision of these critical components of post-discharge care.

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that requires prompt recognition and immediate treatment to prevent adverse outcomes [ 1 ]. In Australia, anaphylaxis presentations to public emergency departments (ED) have grown by 51%, to more than 11,594 over the five year period between 2012–16 to 2019–20, with more than 10,000 presentations occurring each year [ 2 ].

With no universally accepted definition, recognising anaphylaxis can be complicated with a reliance on assessing clinical symptoms, with a broad spectrum of presentations possible, even in patients with a history of anaphylaxis [ 1 ]. Urgent and effective treatment of anaphylaxis is essential, namely with prompt intramuscular (IM) injection of adrenaline [ 3 ]. After treatment commences, care in the ED continues with the focus transitioning to ongoing management of anaphylaxis risk following discharge from hospital. This encompasses educating patients on how to prevent, recognise and respond to future allergic reactions, including the provision of an adrenaline auto-injector (AAI) and allergy/anaphylaxis action plan (AAP), as well as referral to an immunologist [ 2 ]. Concerns regarding inadequate recognition and treatment of anaphylaxis acutely in ED, as well as discharge care have led to the recent development of an Australian Acute Anaphylaxis Clinical Care Standard, released in 2021 [ 2 , 4 ].

The aim of this study was to investigate the assessment and management of patients presenting with anaphylaxis to two mixed EDs.

This study involved patients presenting to either Flinders Medical Centre (FMC) ED, a tertiary ED, or the Noarlunga Hospital (NH) ED, a community ED, both located in the Southern Adelaide Local Health Network (SALHN) in Adelaide, Australia. Each department sees approximately 90,000 [ 5 ] and 43,0000 adult and paediatric attendances annually respectively [ 6 ]. A SALHN guideline for Anaphylaxis Management, providing details on acute and post-discharge care, has been in use in both EDs since 2009 [ 7 ]. Numerous multidisciplinary (medical, nursing, pharmacy) campaigns educating ED staff on anaphylaxis management have also run since 2016.

Presentations in the 12-month period between 1 May 2018 and 30 April 2019 for inclusion in the study were identified using International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problem codes (ICD-10) discharge codes for anaphylaxis and allergic reactions (Supplemental Table  1 ). Anaphylaxis specific codes included in our search were T78.0 anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock due to food, T78.2 anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock, unspecified, T80.5 anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock due to serum T88.6 anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock due to adverse effect of correct drug or medicament properly administered. We also included the following codes to capture potential cases of anaphylaxis miscoded as alternative diagnoses: T78.1 other adverse food reaction, not elsewhere classified, T78.3 angioneurotic oedema, T78.4 other and unspecified allergy, T63.4 toxic effect of venom of other arthropods. Where, available, discharge summaries were reviewed to check the presentation met the eligibility criteria. In situations where the discharge summary was unclear, or where no discharge summary was available, the full medical record was reviewed to assess eligibility.

Patients were included in the study if they (a) presented to ED for treatment of an allergic reaction, and either (b) met Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA) criteria for anaphylaxis, or (c) were classified as having anaphylaxis by a treating doctor, or (d) had administered their prescribed adrenaline auto-injector in the pre-hospital setting. The ASCIA definition used in this study is any acute onset illness with typical skin features (urticarial rash or erythema/flushing and/or angioedema), plus involvement of respiratory and/or cardiovascular and/or persistent severe gastrointestinal symptoms; or any acute onset of hypotension or bronchospasm or upper airway obstruction where anaphylaxis is considered possible, even if typical skin features are not present [ 3 ]. Patients were excluded if their allergic reaction did not meet the ASCIA definition for anaphylaxis and for which adrenaline was not administered, if the onset of anaphylaxis symptoms did not occur in the community or pre-hospital setting, if an alternative or non-allergy diagnosis was identified, or if there was a known alternative diagnosis (eg hereditary angioedema, idiopathic urticaria).

For each patient, all available data was reviewed including ambulance records, nursing records, medical admission notes, observation charts, hospital pharmacy dispensing records and the hospital referral database. Extracted data included:

patient demographics, including age, gender, patient/parent medical history, specifically allergic comorbidities (asthma, eczema, allergic rhinitis) and relevant non-allergic comorbidities (cardiovascular disease, substance abuse and cognitive impairment), previous anaphylaxis episodes and if previously seen an immunologist.

details of the presenting event, including suspected trigger of reaction, mode of transport to hospital, time of presentation, length of hospital stay and discharge destination. Anaphylaxis symptoms, as well as clinical treatments (e.g. adrenaline, antihistamines, corticosteroids, and intravenous fluids) were extracted separately according to pre-hospital (i.e. community, ambulance) and hospital (i.e. ED) settings. The severity of anaphylaxis was classified according to Brown’s grading system for generalised hypersensitivity reactions based on worst symptoms experienced throughout the event [ 8 ]. More detailed information was collected during the ED admission with respect to route and frequency of adrenaline doses, and laboratory investigations (i.e. tryptase).

discharge management including whether or not individuals received a referral to hospital immunologist or a discharge summary was completed, and depending on where relevant, whether allergy status was updated in the medical record, an AAI (or prescription) was provided, and whether an AAP was provided. Where patients were admitted to an inpatient team, the inpatient discharge plans regarding AAP/AAI and immunology referral were recorded instead. Patients were assessed as requiring an AAI or AAP on discharge if they had experienced anaphylaxis according to the ASCIA anaphylaxis definition to an unavoidable/non-medication trigger, and where no current AAP was already in place or where there was no pre-existing supply of AAI.

Descriptive statistics were used to report the characteristics of patients presenting for anaphylaxis and their associated clinical management, stratified by whether they were paediatric (0–17 years) or adult (≥ 18 years). Differences in the likelihood of receiving AAI or AAP according to patient characteristics were compared using Fisher’s Exact Test. A p -value < 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance.

Study data were collected and managed using Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) hosted at The University of Adelaide [ 9 , 10 ]. Data were cleaned and analysed using STATA 16 (StataCorp LP, College Station, TX). Figures were prepared using GraphPad Prism 9 or R, version 4.3.0 (R Core Team). Ethics approval was obtained from the Southern Adelaide Clinical Human Research Ethics Committee (OFR: 120.19). The need for individual participant consent was waived by the ethics committee as this was a deemed a low-risk retrospective audit of medical records.

Study cohort

There were 926 patient presentations to either emergency department (ED) identified using ICD-10 codes discharge codes for anaphylaxis and allergic reactions. Around half ( n  = 538) were excluded for not meeting the ASCIA definition of anaphylaxis. Additionally, 10 presentations were identified as duplicate ED encounters for the same anaphylaxis episode, with another 9 paper medical records unable to be reviewed. This left a total of 369 ED presentations ( n  = 347 unique patients) meeting the inclusion criteria.

Cohort characteristics

Demographic characteristics of the study cohort are presented in Table  1 . Two-thirds of presentations were adults (262; 71%). The median age for adult patients was 40 years (Range 18–88 years) and 10 years (Range 6 months to 17 years) for paediatric patients. Approximately half of adult (117; 45%) and paediatric patients (55; 51%) arrived by ambulance. Most paediatric patients (65, 61%) had a history of anaphylaxis, with the majority of these known to an immunologist (47; 44%). Approximately a third of adult (73; 28%) and paediatric patients (34; 32%) also had asthma. The second most common co-morbidity in paediatric patients was eczema (18; 19%), compared with cardiovascular disease in adults (57; 22%). Food was the most commonly suspected trigger among paediatric (74, 69%) and adult patients (95, 36%). Approximately half of paediatric (51, 53%) and adult patients (82, 40%) reacted to a previously known trigger.

Clinical features of anaphylaxis

Clinical features of anaphylaxis in the study cohort are presented in Table  2 . Skin and respiratory symptoms were the most common clinical features, experienced by 235 (90%) and 225 (86%) of adults respectively, and 91 (85%) and 96 (90%) of paediatric patients respectively. Cardiovascular symptoms were evident in 153 (58%) adults, compared with just 38 (36%) paediatric patients. The combination of affected body systems during episodes of anaphylaxis are presented in Supplemental Fig.  1 and Supplemental Fig.  2 . The most frequently affected combination of body systems in paediatric patients were respiratory and skin symptoms (29; 27%), followed by skin, respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms (23; 21%). Adult patients most commonly reported symptoms in all four systems (64; 24%), followed by skin and respiratory symptoms (56; 22%).

Treatment administered to patients presenting to emergency department for management of anaphylaxis

Clinical management

The proportion of patients receiving different treatments for anaphylaxis is presented in Fig.  1 , stratified according to treatment setting. Non-sedating antihistamines were the most administered treatment in the community setting (102; 39%) and in adults transported to hospital by ambulance (47; 40%). The majority of paediatric patients did not receive any medications administered by the ambulance service (34; 64%;). The proportion of paediatric patients receiving adrenaline was similar across each treatment setting (29% to 32%). In contrast, a large difference in adrenaline use in adult patients was evident across treatment settings, ranging from 68 (26%) in the community to 110 (42%) in ED. Overall, 185 (71%) of adult patients and 75 (70%) paediatric patients received treatment with adrenaline across the pre-hospital and ED setting, with 19 (7%) adult patients and 5 (5%) paediatric patients receiving adrenaline across both the pre-hospital and ED settings. Corticosteroids were the most common medications administered in ED, given to 157 (60%) adult and 55 (51%) paediatric patients. Nearly a third (77; 29%) of adult patients received IV fluid, compared to 5 (5%) paediatric patients. A total of 52 (20%) adult and 24 (22%) paediatric patients did not receive any medication in ED at all. Notably, while 94 (88%) of paediatric patients and 240 (92%) of adult patients met the ASCIA criteria for anaphylaxis in the pre-hospital setting, only 46 (43%) of paediatric patients and 94 (36%) of adult patients received treatment with adrenaline prior to arrival to the ED. Among patients who met the ASCIA criteria for anaphylaxis on arrival to ED, 91/159 (57%) of adult and 29/52 (56%) of paediatric patients received adrenaline in ED. The median time to adrenaline given by any route in symptomatic adult patients with no pre-hospital adrenaline was 14 min (1–94 min), with 50/52 (96%) receiving doses within 1 h of ED triage. The median time in paediatric patients was higher at 20 min (6–98 min), with 15/16 (94%) receiving doses within 1 h of ED triage.

Details on ED management are presented in Table  3 . Adrenaline was most commonly administered via the IM route in ED, however a small number of patients received adrenaline via nebuliser, intravenous (IV) infusion or multiple routes. Notably, 48 (45%) paediatric and 78 (30%) of adult patients were discharged from ED within 4 hours of arrival. The median length of stay for paediatric patients was shorter than adults, at 4.4 hours (IQR 2.8–14.2 h) compared to 5.8 hours (IQR 3.8–11.2 h). Twenty-one (8%) adults and 36 (34%) paediatric patients were admitted to an inpatient unit. Blood pathology was ordered in more adult (180; 69%) than paediatric patients (24; 22%), however a mast cell tryptase was ordered in only 113 (43%) of adult and 19 (18%) paediatric patients. Patients were less likely to have a tryptase ordered if they had a history of anaphylaxis (75% vs 52%, P  < 0.001) or had reacted to a previously known trigger (79% vs 59%, P  < 0.001). An allergy clinic referral was completed for one third (35; 33% of paediatrics, 99; 38% of adults) of patients and a discharge summary was available for 70 (65%) of paediatric and 99 (38%) of adult presentations.

Among those requiring an AAI for discharge, 68% ( n  = 123/210) of adult patients and 63% ( n  = 57/91) of paediatric patients left hospital with an AAI, either supplied from the hospital or as a discharge script. Factors associated with increased likelihood of receiving an AAI on discharge included symptoms consistent with anaphylaxis on arrival to ED, or a deterioration of symptoms in ED, the use of any adrenaline, including pre-hospital or in ED, requiring 2 or more adrenaline doses, discharging from an inpatient unit, length of stay in hospital, and presenting in business hours (all P  < 0.05) (Table 4 ). Findings were similar when examined separately for adult and paediatric patients, except there was no difference in AAI provision on discharge according to discharge unit for adult patients, or time of day presenting to the ED or deterioration of symptoms in paediatric patients. Further, paediatric patients reporting pre-hospital symptoms had an increased likelihood of being discharged with an AAI (Supplemental Table  2 ).

Among those requiring an AAP on discharge, 30% ( n  = 61/206) of adult patients and 33% ( n  = 30/90) of paediatric patients received one. Factors associated with an increased provision of AAP were symptoms consistent with anaphylaxis on arrival to ED, deterioration of symptoms in ED, treatment with adrenaline in ED, and presenting in business hours (Table  4 ). Findings were similar when examined separately for adult and paediatric patients, except there was no difference in AAP provision according to discharge unit or if the patient had reacted to a previously identified trigger in adult patients (Supplemental Table  3 ).

In this large audit of 107 paediatric and 262 adult patients presenting to ED with anaphylaxis, we found that IM adrenaline remains underutilised for anaphylaxis treatment and provision of AAI, AAP and referral to immunologist on discharge remains suboptimal. Efforts to improve early recognition and management of anaphylaxis in the ED are warranted, as are strategies to improve discharge management.

The identified rate of adrenaline administered to those presenting with anaphylaxis to ED in our study (57%) was within the range of 39% to 59% reported in previous studies [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Adrenaline is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis and should be given without delay via the IM route [ 3 ]. Previous studies have shown that alternate routes of adrenaline administration are frequently used, with De silva [ 15 ] describing 52% of doses given via subcutaneous (SC) injection and Brown [ 16 ] reporting 70% patients treated with IV adrenaline in ED. The IM route was predominately used in our study, with no use of the SC route identified in the ED. However, nearly one fifth of paediatric patients (6; 18%) received adrenaline via nebuliser only, all being 10 years or older. While nebulised adrenaline may be used as an adjunct to IM adrenaline in anaphylaxis for upper airway obstruction or bronchospasm, it must not be used in preference to IM adrenaline due to negligible systemic absorption [ 1 , 3 , 17 ]. Our nebulised adrenaline use is higher than the 2.3% of paediatric patients reported to receive inhaled adrenaline by Andrews [ 18 ], a study of pre-hospital paediatric anaphylaxis management in Victoria, Australia between 2008–2016. It also contrasts with Brown [ 16 ], De Silva [ 15 ] and Nogic [ 12 ], who did not identify nebulised adrenaline use in their population, despite reporting on alternative adrenaline routes and other inhaled medications administered. The use of nebulised adrenaline in this older paediatric cohort suggests that there may be hesitancy to use IM adrenaline in this age group or confusion regarding the ideal route of administration, rather than anaphylaxis initially being diagnosed as croup, as may happen in younger children. Details of the treating doctor experience level or paediatric-specific qualifications was not collected and therefore we were unable to investigate what impact it may have on this prescribing practice.

Corticosteroids were found to be the most administered treatment in our EDs, with over half of adult and paediatric patients receiving at least one dose. This corticosteroid use is similar to other Australian ED studies, with use reported to range from 44 to 87% [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 19 ]. The evidence supporting the routine use of corticosteroids in anaphylaxis management remains a subject of debate, with increasing evidence of no benefit in the acute management phase or in preventing biphasic reactions [ 20 ]. Additionally, evidence of potential harms has been reported in Gabrielli [ 21 ], where pre-hospital use of corticosteroids was associated with increased risk of ICU admission.

AAI were provided to 63% of eligible paediatric and 68% of eligible adult patients on discharge. This is in line with Loprete, who reported 67.9% of their adult patients discharged with an AAI across a 10 year period in their single adult only ED [ 14 ]. However, other contemporary Australian studies undertaken in paediatric or mixed EDs have reported much lower rates of AAI provision on discharge ranging from 25 to 35% [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. While subsided AAI prescriptions have been available since 2003 via the Pharmaceutical Benefit Scheme (PBS), an Australian Government program that subsidises the costs of medications for patients meeting eligibility criteria, ED doctors were unable to prescribe AAI for new anaphylaxis patients until 2006 [ 22 , 23 ]. Currently, the initial supply of a subsidised AAI is restricted to patients who are being discharged from hospital or ED after treatment with adrenaline for anaphylaxis; or patients assessed at being at risk of anaphylaxis in consultation with a clinical immunologist, allergist, paediatrician or respiratory physician [ 24 ]. Therefore, it is unsurprising that any adrenaline use is associated with an increased likelihood of receiving AAI on discharge and ineligibility for subsidised AAI is an unintended consequence of not using adrenaline to treat anaphylaxis in ED. Access to additional clinical services, such as hospital immunology consultations and the clinical pharmacy service to ED, during weekdays may explain the association with presenting time and length of stay, with increased likelihood of AAI on discharge in adult patients. This association was not seen in paediatric patients, who had higher rates of admission to an inpatient team and therefore discharged from the care of a paediatrician.

Only two prior studies have evaluated AAP provision on discharge from ED following presentation for anaphylaxis. These observed large variation in rates of AAP provision on discharge of 6% and 41% respectively, with our study observing a rate of 31% [ 11 , 14 ]. Similar to AAI, presenting in business hours was also associated with increased likelihood of discharge with an AAP. Again, this may relate to the hours the ED clinical pharmacy service operates, who are involved in identifying patients in need of an AAP on discharge when involved in the supply and education of patients receiving a discharge AAI. Further, only 36% of patients received a referral to an immunologist, within the range of 9% to 55% reported in other Australian studies [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 16 , 19 ]. However, the discrepancy between AAI and AAP provision with low immunology referrals, raises the concern that patients may be discharging home with an AAI but lacking clear written information on how to recognise anaphylaxis and initiate appropriate treatment, with no clear follow-up plan to resolve these management issues leaving the patient vulnerable and also heightening the impact on the patient and their families' quality of life. Additionally, patients who are not referred to immunology for follow-up may miss the opportunity for a comprehensive review of their anaphylaxis risk profile and the potential consideration of treatment options, including venom desensitisation.

We found that approximately one-third (34%) were discharged from the ED within 4 hours of arrival, forgoing the suggested minimum 4 hours of observation [ 2 , 3 ] in case of anaphylaxis recurrence. Very few studies report on length of observation or length of hospital stay. In an early study by Brown, all patients stayed for at least 4 hours, with the median length of stay of patients who were discharged directly from ED at 6 h:32 min (range 4:01 to 9:15) [ 16 ]. More recently in 2016, Murad reported patients discharging prior to 4 h at 46% [ 13 ]. This was despite an educational intervention aimed at improving anaphylaxis management in their ED, with an increase of 11% of patients discharging early in their post-intervention cohort, with increasing bed demands in the ED felt to be the main contributor to this. The impacts of increasing hospital bed demands that have occurred in the past decade are demonstrated by Loprete who have observed steady increases in the proportion of patients discharged within 4 h from 36% between January 2009-April 2013, to 44% between May 2013-October 2016, and 47% between November 2016-December 2018 [ 14 ].

Another aspect of ED care reviewed included the ordering of blood tests, specifically serum tryptase levels. Tryptase is released from mast cell granules during anaphylaxis, with serum levels rising and peaking 1–2 hours after anaphylaxis, returning to normal levels at approximately 6 hours [ 25 ]. Therefore, an ED tryptase level may assist with confirming or challenging an anaphylaxis diagnosis when reviewed by an immunologist [ 1 , 17 ]. Consensus guidelines recommend timed serial tryptase levels are taken after a suspected anaphylactic reaction, as soon as possible after emergency treatment has commenced, with a second level ideally taken within one to two hours (but no later than 4 h) from the onset of symptoms [ 26 ]. Alternatively, if this is missed, a single sample taken up to six hours may be taken instead, albeit potentially less helpful [ 27 ]. Other blood tests ordered in ED, such as EUC, CBE, LFTs and CRP, have limited clinical utility in anaphylaxis patients [ 25 ]. Our study identified that while blood tests were commonly ordered in adult patients, a tryptase level was only measured in 63% of these patients, all by single sample. Conversely, blood tests were ordered in only 22% of paediatric patients, with all but five patients having their serum tryptase measured by single sample. To our knowledge, the rates and types of blood tests ordered in patients presenting with anaphylaxis to ED has not been reported previously in Australia. Our findings, particularly the discrepancy between adult and paediatric blood tests ordered, identifies the potential for a large number of unnecessary blood tests being ordered in adults, as well as a lost opportunity in capturing the acute rise of tryptase for immunologist review.

Strengths and limitations

To our knowledge, this is the largest contemporary study of both adult and paediatric anaphylaxis management and discharge care, conducted in Australia. Previous studies have predominantly examined care in either adult or paediatric patients and their respective ED settings, with the only studies examining care in this combined cohort restricted to fewer than 100 cases, did not examine provision of AAI or AAP on discharge or were conducted prior 2006, following which major changes were made to enable ED doctors to prescribe subsidised AAI for patients discharging with anaphylaxis [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 19 , 22 , 28 ].

This study has a number of limitations. Firstly, it was conducted in a single hospital network in a metropolitan population, limiting generalisability of the findings to other settings. Using ICD codes to identify anaphylaxis presentations introduces potential for misclassification. We attempted to capture any miscoded anaphylaxis cases by including ICD codes assigned to other non-allergic reactions, however did not have the capacity to search through the volume of presentations assigned ICD codes related to urticaria or asthma. The nature of a retrospective case note review meant that data collection relied heavily on clinician documentation, particularly in key areas such as signs and symptoms used to classify the reaction severity, suspected trigger, as well as the post-discharge care arranged. Data was collected from a variety of sources available, including ambulance records, the patient history as recorded by each health practitioner seeing the patient, the triage note, treating doctor’s notes, any nursing notes, discharge note, hospital discharge letters and referral forms completed. Future research utilising prospective and more comprehensive data collection methods may help address some of these limitations and provide a more robust understanding of anaphylaxis management in the ED setting.

Anaphylaxis presentations to ED continue to have suboptimal use of intramuscular adrenaline and high use of corticosteroids. Post-discharge care, including discharge with an AAI, AAP and referral to immunologist, also demonstrates room for improvement, particularly in patients who present to ED out of hours with reduced other clinical services available.

Availability of data and materials

The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

Adrenaline autoinjector

Allergy/Anaphylaxis action plan

Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy

Complete blood examination

C-reactive protein

• Emergency department

Electrolytes, urea and creatinine

Intramuscular

Intravenous

Liver function test

Subcutaneous

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the work of Julia Sibly and Despina Antonas for their assistance in collecting data for this study.

LEG receives salary support from the Channel 7 Children’s Research Foundation (CRF-210323). The funding source(s) had no involvement in the conduct of the research and/or preparation of the article.

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SA Pharmacy, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Bedford Park, Australia, Flinders Drive, 5042

A Thomas & LE Grzeskowiak

Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia

Emergency Department, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Bedford Park, Australia

College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia

J Delic, H Johannsen & LE Grzeskowiak

Allergy/Clinical Immunology Department, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Bedford Park, Australia

P Hudson, M Batchelor & H Johannsen

SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia

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Contributions

AT, PH, MB, JD conceived and designed the study. AT managed data collection, supported by PH and MB, with JD and HJ providing expert subject matter advice. LEG managed the dataset and performed the statistical analyses. AT and LEG drafted the initial manuscript. All authors revised the manuscript for intellectual content. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to A Thomas .

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Ethics approval and consent to participate.

The study was approved by the Southern Adelaide Clinical Human Research Ethics Committee (OFR: 120.19). Individual participant consent was not required as this was a retrospective audit of medical records. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulation.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Supplementary Information

Additional file 1. supplemental table 1. .

ICD-10 codes used to identify potential anaphylaxis presentations to ED.

Additional file 2. Supplemental Figure 1.

Combinations of clinical features of anaphylaxis by body systems in adult patients presenting with anaphylaxis to emergency department.

Additional file 3. Supplemental Figure 2.

Combinations of clinical features of anaphylaxis by body systems in paediatric patients presenting with anaphylaxis to emergency department.

Additional file 4. Supplemental Table 2.

Factors Associated with supply of Adrenaline Autoinjector (AAI) on discharge from hospital in paediatric and adult patients.

Additional file 5. Supplemental Table 3.

Factors Associated with supply of Allergy/Anaphylaxis Action Plans (AAP) on discharge from hospital in paediatric and adult patients.

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Thomas, A., Delic, J., Hudson, P. et al. A retrospective audit of adult and paediatric anaphylaxis management from two Australian metropolitan mixed emergency departments. BMC Emerg Med 24 , 67 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-024-00966-3

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Received : 12 December 2023

Accepted : 11 March 2024

Published : 17 April 2024

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-024-00966-3

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