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National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) develops and supports high quality guidelines for clinical practice, public health, environmental health and ethics.

NHMRC has a long history of developing guidelines related to health, and of supporting others to do so.

NHMRC guidelines are intended to promote health, prevent harm, encourage best practice and reduce waste. They are developed by multidisciplinary committees or panels that follow a rigorous evidence-based approach. NHMRC guidelines are based on a review of the available evidence, and follow transparent development and decision making processes. They are informed by the judgement of evidence by experts, and the views of consumers, community groups and other people affected by the guidelines. In regard to ethical issues, NHMRC guidelines reflect the community's range of attitudes and concerns.

There are robust processes in place to manage conflict of interest and to use the best available scientific methods for making recommendations such as the use of GRADE (an internationally recognised approach to rate the certainty of evidence and the strength of recommendations).

Before NHMRC guidelines are issued they are released for a period of public consultation to allow the Australian public to comment.

To support the development of the highest quality guidelines, NHMRC also provides:

  • Standards for Guidelines which apply to all guidelines containing recommendations for clinical practice, public health and environmental health.
  • the Guidelines for Guidelines Handbook , containing practical and in depth information on how to develop guidelines that meet the NHMRC Standards
  • an approval program for certain high quality national guidelines which have been developed to rigorous standards.

The NHMRC Australian Clinical Practice Guidelines Portal is no longer active. If you are looking for clinical practice guidelines, visit the Guidelines International Network – Guidelines Library .

To register a guidelines for NHMRC approval see registering a guideline for NHMRC approval .

NHMRC issued guidelines

The National Health and Medical Research Council Act (1992) enables NHMRC to issue evidence-based guidelines in areas relating to human health:

  • environmental health – for example guidelines on Australian drinking and recreational water quality  
  • health and research ethics – for example guidelines on the wellbeing of animals used in Australian research
  • clinical practice – for example guidelines for best clinical care of people with borderline personality disorder
  • public health – for example guidelines on nutrition and healthy eating. For more information, see the infographics that outline the process for developing public health guidelines .

NHMRC approved guidelines

The NHMRC Chief Executive Officer has the power to approve guidelines developed by an external body. These are known as NHMRC approved guidelines.

To be approved a guideline must meet the NHMRC guideline standard and follow the Procedures and requirements for meeting the NHMRC standard for guidelines .

NHMRC approval indicates to users that a guideline is of high quality, is based on the best available scientific evidence, and has been developed to rigorous standards. They are recognised in Australia and internationally as representing current knowledge and best health practice.

Guidelines are eligible for approval if they are developed for use throughout Australia by a recognised health organisation such as a college, peak body, professional society, special interest group or government. NHMRC will not approve guidelines developed, published or funded by industry groups, or by organisations whose main source of funding is derived from industry groups.

For more information about the approval program contact [email protected]

Guidelines developers seeking NHMRC approval are advised to use GRADE and training is available through the Melbourne GRADE Centre and the Adelaide GRADE Centre .

Rescinded guidelines

Guidelines issued by NHMRC have a limited life. They are regularly reviewed and will be updated or withdrawn in light of important new evidence that may emerge.

Rescinded guidelines can be found on the Australian Government web archive .

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Questions and answers – Microbial health-based targets

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National Health and Medical Research Council Act 1992

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National Health and Medical Research Council Bill 1992: Second Reading 

Stop COVID Cohort: An Observational Study of 3480 Patients Admitted to the Sechenov University Hospital Network in Moscow City for Suspected Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection

Collaborators.

  • Sechenov StopCOVID Research Team : Anna Berbenyuk ,  Polina Bobkova ,  Semyon Bordyugov ,  Aleksandra Borisenko ,  Ekaterina Bugaiskaya ,  Olesya Druzhkova ,  Dmitry Eliseev ,  Yasmin El-Taravi ,  Natalia Gorbova ,  Elizaveta Gribaleva ,  Rina Grigoryan ,  Shabnam Ibragimova ,  Khadizhat Kabieva ,  Alena Khrapkova ,  Natalia Kogut ,  Karina Kovygina ,  Margaret Kvaratskheliya ,  Maria Lobova ,  Anna Lunicheva ,  Anastasia Maystrenko ,  Daria Nikolaeva ,  Anna Pavlenko ,  Olga Perekosova ,  Olga Romanova ,  Olga Sokova ,  Veronika Solovieva ,  Olga Spasskaya ,  Ekaterina Spiridonova ,  Olga Sukhodolskaya ,  Shakir Suleimanov ,  Nailya Urmantaeva ,  Olga Usalka ,  Margarita Zaikina ,  Anastasia Zorina ,  Nadezhda Khitrina

Affiliations

  • 1 Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Child's Health, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
  • 2 Inflammation, Repair, and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
  • 3 Soloviev Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia.
  • 4 School of Physics, Astronomy, and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom.
  • 5 Biobank, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
  • 6 Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
  • 7 Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
  • 8 Department of Polymers and Composites, N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Moscow, Russia.
  • 9 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
  • 10 Institute of Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, Faculty of Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
  • 11 Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
  • 12 Department of Intensive Care, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
  • 13 Clinic of Pulmonology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
  • 14 Department of Internal Medicine No. 1, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
  • 15 Department of Forensic Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
  • 16 Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
  • 17 Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
  • 18 Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
  • 19 Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
  • 20 Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
  • PMID: 33035307
  • PMCID: PMC7665333
  • DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1535

Background: The epidemiology, clinical course, and outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the Russian population are unknown. Information on the differences between laboratory-confirmed and clinically diagnosed COVID-19 in real-life settings is lacking.

Methods: We extracted data from the medical records of adult patients who were consecutively admitted for suspected COVID-19 infection in Moscow between 8 April and 28 May 2020.

Results: Of the 4261 patients hospitalized for suspected COVID-19, outcomes were available for 3480 patients (median age, 56 years; interquartile range, 45-66). The most common comorbidities were hypertension, obesity, chronic cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Half of the patients (n = 1728) had a positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), while 1748 had a negative RT-PCR but had clinical symptoms and characteristic computed tomography signs suggestive of COVID-19. No significant differences in frequency of symptoms, laboratory test results, and risk factors for in-hospital mortality were found between those exclusively clinically diagnosed or with positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RT-PCR. In a multivariable logistic regression model the following were associated with in-hospital mortality: older age (per 1-year increase; odds ratio, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.06), male sex (1.71; 1.24-2.37), chronic kidney disease (2.99; 1.89-4.64), diabetes (2.1; 1.46-2.99), chronic cardiovascular disease (1.78; 1.24-2.57), and dementia (2.73; 1.34-5.47).

Conclusions: Age, male sex, and chronic comorbidities were risk factors for in-hospital mortality. The combination of clinical features was sufficient to diagnose COVID-19 infection, indicating that laboratory testing is not critical in real-life clinical practice.

Keywords: COVID-19; Russia; SARS-CoV-2; cohort; mortality risk factors.

© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: [email protected].

Publication types

  • Observational Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Hospitalization
  • Middle Aged

Grants and funding

  • 20-04-60063/Russian Foundation for Basic Research

             (1)  In this Act:

"information provider" means a person who provides confidential commercial information to an NHMRC officer .

"NHMRC officer" means a person who is:

                     (a)  the CEO; or

                     (b)  a member of the Council or of a committee (other than the Embryo Research Licensing Committee of the NHMRC ); or

                     (c)  a member of the staff of the NHMRC ; or

                     (d)  a consultant engaged under section 46 ; or

                     (e)  a person assisting the CEO, the Council or a committee (other than the Embryo Research Licensing Committee of the NHMRC ) in the performance of functions under this Act; or

                      (f)  the Commissioner ; or

                     (g)  a person assisting the Commissioner in the performance of his or her functions under this Act.

             (2)  A person commits an offence if:

                     (a)  the person is an NHMRC officer ; and

                     (b)  the person discloses information; and

                     (c)  the information was acquired by the person because of being an NHMRC officer ; and

                     (d)  the information is in respect of any matter under consideration by the CEO, the Council , a committee (other than the Embryo Research Licensing Committee of the NHMRC ) or the Commissioner ; and

                     (e)  the person knows, or has reasonable grounds for believing, that the information is confidential commercial information.

Penalty :  Imprisonment for 2 years.

             (3)  Subsection  (2) does not apply to anything done in the performance of duties, or in the exercise of powers or functions, under this Act.

             (4)  Subsection  (2) does not preclude the disclosure of confidential commercial information to a court in any proceeding, but the court must do all things necessary to prevent disclosure of that information to any other person, except for the purposes of the proceedings.

             (5)  Despite subsection  (2), the CEO may deal with confidential commercial information acquired by an NHMRC officer (other than the Commissioner or a person assisting the Commissioner in the performance of his or her functions under this Act) because of being such an NHMRC officer , in the following ways:

                     (a)  if the Minister certifies in writing that it is necessary in the public interest for the information to be disclosed to a specified person, the CEO may disclose the information to that person;

                     (b)  the CEO may disclose the information to a person or body specified in the regulations;

                     (c)  if, in the CEO's opinion, the information provider has expressly or impliedly authorised another person to receive the information, the CEO may disclose the information to that other person.

             (6)  Despite subsection  (2), the Commissioner may deal with confidential commercial information acquired by the Commissioner or a person assisting the Commissioner because of being the Commissioner or a person assisting the Commissioner , in the following ways:

                     (a)  if the Minister certifies in writing that it is necessary in the public interest for the information to be disclosed to a specified person, the Commissioner may disclose the information to that person;

                     (b)  the Commissioner may disclose the information to a person or body specified in the regulations;

                     (c)  if, in the Commissioner 's opinion, the information provider has expressly or impliedly authorised another person to receive the information, the Commissioner may disclose the information to that other person.

             (7)  The CEO or the Commissioner must not disclose any confidential information under paragraph  (5)(c) or (6)(c) unless he or she:

                     (a)  has notified the information provider in writing of his or her intention to disclose the information; and

                     (b)  has given the information provider a reasonable opportunity to comment on the proposed disclosure of the information; and

                     (c)  has considered any comments made by the information provider .

Penalty :  Imprisonment for 2 years

             (8)  If the CEO or the Commissioner discloses confidential commercial information to a person or body under this section:

                     (a)  that person or body; and

                     (b)  any person under the control of that person or body;

is subject to the same obligations as a person referred to in subsection  (2) who had acquired the information in the circumstances set out in that subsection .

             (9)  Despite subsection  (2), the CEO may permit the information to be disclosed to:

                     (a)  the Secretary of a Commonwealth Department ; or

                     (b)  the chief officer of a Commonwealth authority ; or

                     (c)  the chief officer of a State or Territory Department or authority; or

                     (d)  a person assisting under an arrangement entered into under section 48 (other than an arrangement to assist the Embryo Research Licensing Committee of the NHMRC );

for the purposes of giving effect to arrangements entered into under section 48.

           (10)  Despite subsection  (2), the Commissioner may permit the information to be disclosed to a person assisting the Commissioner for the purposes of giving effect to an arrangement entered into under section 72.

           (11)  A person:

                     (a)  to whom this section applies; and

                     (b)  to whom confidential commercial information is disclosed under subsection  (9) for the purposes of an arrangement under section 48 ; and

                     (c)  who knows, or has reasonable grounds for believing, that the information is confidential commercial information;

must not at any time, directly or indirectly, disclose the information to any person, except for the purposes of the arrangement.

           (12)  Subsection  (11) applies to a person who is or was:

                     (a)  a Secretary or chief officer of a Commonwealth or State Department; or

                     (b)  a chief officer of a Commonwealth or State authority; or

                     (c)  a person under the control of a person mentioned in paragraph  (a) or (b).

           (13)  The powers conferred by subsections  (9) and (10) are in addition to, and not in derogation of, the powers conferred by subsections  (5) and (6).

           (14)  Nothing in subsection  (5), (6), (9) or (10) is to be taken to limit the generality of subsection  (4) or the operation of subsection  (3).

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National Academies Press: OpenBook

Terrorism: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Improving Responses: U.S.-Russian Workshop Proceedings (2004)

Chapter: the role of the russian ministry of emergency situations and executive branch agencies of the city of moscow in dealing with emergency situations arising from acts of terrorism, the role of the russian ministry of emergency situations and executive branch agencies of the city of moscow in dealing with emergency situations arising from acts of terrorism.

Aleksandr M. Yeliseev *

Moscow Main Administration for Civil Defense and Emergency Situations

The problems of ensuring the security of people and territory are a top priority for executive- and legislative-branch agencies of the Russian Federation. The major radiation accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Power Station in 1986 and the destructive Spitak earthquake in 1988 demonstrated the need for creating a Russian system for preventing and eliminating the consequences of emergency situations. The Ministry for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations, and Elimination of the Consequences of Natural Disasters (MChS) became the central component in this system. Territorial subunits of the MChS are among the executivebranch agencies of the various republics and oblasts that make up the Russian Federation, and they act at the local level to implement state policy with regard to protecting people and territory from emergency situations.

Moscow has historically represented the spiritual center of the Russian land. It is Russia’s largest industrial center, making a substantial contribution to the country’s overall economic indicators. Our city is the country’s most important transport hub, on which the operation of the entire Russian transportation system is dependent. It represents the most important concentration of financial and information flows, which has a significant impact on the development of the state as a whole. Moscow is the center of scientific and cultural life, the focal point of a significant part of our national heritage, and a unique world-class historical and architectural center. All of these factors determine the level of the threat to the vital interests of citizens, social groups, and the city as a whole.

The following types of threats are most typical: criminal, terrorist, social, political, infrastructural, natural, industrial, environmental, informational, and psychological. These threats are of a complex and interrelated nature, with the majority being transnational in scale. These circumstances are characteristic of almost all the world’s major megacities; therefore, they call for a great deal of attention to be devoted by the city leadership to problems of ensuring the security of urban facilities and residents of the capital.

Here, we proceed from the belief that ensuring the security of the population against emergency situations resulting from terrorism, natural and industrial disasters, and other causes is a difficult and complex task, and carrying it out successfully can be done only with the active involvement of all city departments, agencies, and organizations. Therefore, the Moscow City System for Preventing and Eliminating the Consequences of Emergency Situations was created in 1996, functionally linking the city’s various district and departmental services units. City policy for ensuring the security of the population and the urban infrastructure is implemented through the Commissions on Emergency Situations, which have been established in each agency and department of the city administration and which are headed by leaders at the corresponding level. This operating principle facilitates management of the actions of city units in preventing emergencies as well as responding to threats and responding to emergencies once they have occurred. It is also helpful in coordinating the actions of the various services and organizing and efficiently carrying out emergency rescue operations.

In connection with the implementation of a special law passed by the city of Moscow, work is under way citywide to implement a comprehensive targeted program for improving the Moscow city system for preventing and eliminating the consequences of emergency situations. The program was developed on the initiative of the Moscow City Government and the MChS and was supported by the deputies of the Moscow City Duma. The basic goals of the program include

implementing a set of measures aimed at preventing emergency situations, including the establishment of an effective system for monitoring and predicting accidents, catastrophes, and natural disasters

modernizing the management and communications system through the widespread use of the latest information technologies

improving the speed and efficiency of emergency response by creating a highly mobile and technically well equipped rescue service and by developing aviation technologies for use in emergency rescue operations

improving the citywide system for educating the population on the appropriate actions to be taken during emergency situations

However, in recent years terrorism has been one of the main threats to public security. It presents a special danger to major cities and political, economic, and cultural centers. Terrorist acts are taking on ever-increasing scale and

becoming more and more diverse both in form and in the goals for which they are carried out.

Since 1998, Moscow has been subjected to terrorist attacks on more than one occasion. We remember the bombings of apartment buildings on Guryanov Street and Kashirskoe Shosse, the shopping mall at Manezh Square, the underground passageway at the Pushkinskaya metro station, and the seizure of hostages during the performance of the musical Nord-Ost , in which more than 3,000 people were victims, of whom about 600 were killed.

These events have shown that terrorist acts are ever more frequently moving from the realm of potential threats to that of real emergency situations. In our view it is the world community’s failure to respond appropriately to the terrorist acts committed in Moscow in the fall of 1999 that led to the tragic events of September 11, 2001, in the United States. Those events demonstrated once again that terrorism has no nationality but rather is international in nature, and not a single state is secure against it.

Expert assessments highlight the broad scope of this phenomenon, and many believe that at present in the various countries of the world there are about 100 major terrorist organizations, which maintain contacts among themselves. Therefore, the problem goes beyond the bounds of individual states. Furthermore, in recent years terrorism has acquired the capability of using the achievements of science and technology to further its criminal aims.

We have great understanding for the position of the New York City authorities, as we ourselves were on the scene only minutes after the bombings of the Moscow apartment buildings in 1999. Under the leadership of Moscow Mayor Yury M. Luzhkov and Russian Emergency Situations Minister Sergei K. Shoigu, we organized efforts to deal with the consequences of these explosions. We provided detailed reports on these incidents to the European community at an international conference in Vienna in 2000.

Antiterrorism activities in Moscow are conducted at all levels of the city government. This work is coordinated by an antiterrorism commission operating under the leadership of the city’s mayor, and includes the following activities:

improving laws related to the struggle against terrorism

increasing the effectiveness of preventive measures

ensuring the secure operations of industrial facilities and sites where large numbers of people gather

I would like to say that we have done a certain amount of work to ensure the security of residents and of the capital in general, primarily with regard to the creation of laws and regulations addressing these matters.

The city has recently enacted a Law on Protecting the Population and Territory of the City of Moscow from Emergency Situations of Natural and Industrial Origin. A strategy for the security of Moscow has also been adopted, outlining in

systematic form the views of the city’s leadership on ensuring the safety of its residents. In the process of developing this strategy, the programs Moscow Radiation Security and Moscow Chemical Security were also created and adopted to deal with matters related to protecting potentially dangerous facilities against terrorism. In the past few years, Moscow has passed more than 100 regulations governing matters related to the city’s security, and we are prepared to acquaint representatives of the international community with them.

Executive-branch agencies are devoting special attention to monitoring and controlling the activities of all officials involved in implementing preventive measures against emergency situations. In 2002 alone, the State Inspectorate for Protecting the Population and Territory from Emergency Situations conducted checks at more than 10,000 enterprises, organizations, and institutions. Those guilty of violating urban security regulations face administrative penalties and are prosecuted through the civilian court system.

City policy regarding new construction is pursued rather effectively. Moscow has established a system of measures that prohibits the construction or reconstruction of any industrial buildings, housing, or other public facilities that do not include design features intended to prevent possible emergency situations, including potential terrorist acts.

The city has created the Center for Monitoring and Forecasting Emergency Situations, for which the main objectives are the prevention and early detection of emergencies. The components of this system include stationary and mobile Lidar units, which use laser, infrared, and visual observation methods to detect fires and atmospheric emissions of harmful substances.

In accounting for the large amounts of special cargo (gasoline, reagents for refrigeration systems, and so forth) that pass through Moscow and other world cities, cargo that also represents a potential threat of the commission of terrorist acts, we have tightened controls on the transport of such materials by road and rail within the city limits. The city’s law enforcement agencies are paying special attention to the safety of capital residents in locations where large numbers of people gather, such as markets, fairs, and the sites of large cultural events and sports competitions.

The quality of efforts to prevent and eliminate the consequences of emergency situations depends primarily on the level of preparedness of the leadership, specialists, and city residents. This matter is being addressed by providing training to almost all categories of city residents at special educational institutions, enterprises, and places of residence. For example, in 2002, about 30,000 people received special training at educational centers and more than 2 million blue- and white-collar personnel received training at their worksites.

Training games represent the most effective form of preparation for individuals in positions of leadership. Such games allow participants to practice dealing with matters such as procedures for notification and assembly of senior officials, technologies for application in emergency rescue operations and oth-

er urgent activities, organization of assistance to city service providers in eliminating the consequences of emergency situations, comprehensive provision of aid and services to the affected population, and a number of other citywide undertakings.

Earlier this year, a special tactical training exercise was conducted at a Moscow subway station to focus on coordinating the activities of city services in eliminating the consequences of a possible terrorist act involving the use of dangerous chemical substances. During the training exercise, a number of practical measures were developed with the aim of improving the efficiency of emergency rescue efforts under such conditions, and these measures have now been submitted to the Moscow City Government for review.

Efforts to train young people occupy an important place in our work. Last year, in cooperation with the Moscow Educational Committee, we began training students from the capital’s higher educational institutions to serve as reserve rescue personnel. A class entitled “Principles of Everyday Safety” has also been introduced for students in all grades in elementary and secondary schools. The number of participants in “Safety School” competitions is constantly on the rise. Each year, more and more secondary school students participate in “Young Rescuer” summer camps.

Regarding measures to prevent emergencies, we must not forget that the city must also be prepared to eliminate their consequences. The main element of this system is the Center for Crisis Situation Management, which is designed to gather and process information about emergency situations, inform the population, and make well-founded decisions on how to handle such situations.

At present, plans call for the creation of a Unified Monitoring and Dispatch Center for the city of Moscow on the basis of the facilities of the Moscow City Crisis Situation Management Center and the Force Management Center of the State Fire Service Administration of MChS. This new center, which would be reachable by dialing 01, would facilitate the efficient collection and processing of emergency reports, analyze an enormous amount of information under extremely time-critical conditions, and coordinate the actions of all dispatch services included in the city’s unified dispatch system.

The current combined daily volume for the two centers mentioned above is approximately 6,000 calls. After the switch to the single telephone number 01, it is predicted that the number of calls alone will rise to 18,000 per day. This will require a large set of organizational and technical changes to be made, taking into account foreign experience in operating rescue services using single telephone numbers such as 112 and 911.

Creating, training, and developing forces for eliminating the consequences of emergency situations is of enormous significance in the functioning of the system. To this end, the Moscow City Search and Rescue Service has been created in the capital. Also operating in cooperation with us in the city are various MChS rescue units and a number of commercial entities. If a major emer-

gency occurs, plans call for augmenting the rescue service by calling in specialists and equipment from other city organizations.

Since the city search and rescue service was established, rescuers have carried out about 60,000 rescue operations and have saved more than 25,000 people. In 2002 alone, Moscow firefighters handled about 7,000 fires. The timely and skillful actions of personnel from the city’s medical service have saved the lives of thousands of Muscovites involved in emergency situations and accidents.

Unfortunately, Muscovites have been forced to confront inhuman acts of terrorism in practice. We profoundly share the pain and suffering of other nations affected by emergency situations of any kind. Therefore, the government of Moscow is devoting a great deal of attention to humanitarian operations, including those of international scope. We are providing humanitarian aid to the suffering population in various regions of Russia and in other countries, including Kosovo, Afghanistan, Korea, Bolivia, the Balkans, Germany, the Czech Republic, and others.

Overall, we may conclude that the government of Moscow has a great focus on international cooperation in combating terrorism and crime and eliminating the consequences of terrorist acts and natural and industrial disasters. In recent years, stable contacts have been established among counterpart police and emergency services agencies at the municipal level as part of the comprehensive cooperation between Moscow and foreign cities, including those in Europe. Close cooperation is under way with the cities of Vienna, Berlin, Madrid, Dublin, Helsinki, and others in the form of information sharing, exchanges and training of specialists, and joint training exercises.

In May 2002, on the initiative of Moscow Mayor Yury M. Luzhkov, a meeting of police officials from European countries was convened to promote better coordination in the struggle against terrorism. Moreover, an international meeting on matters of security in major cities is to be held in Moscow in June 2003.

In conclusion, I would like to say that the system that has been created in Moscow for preventing and eliminating the consequences of emergency situations stands ready to cooperate closely in the twenty-first century with any who treasure the ideals of humanism and defense of the most important human right, the right to life.

This book is devoted primarily to papers prepared by American and Russian specialists on cyber terrorism and urban terrorism. It also includes papers on biological and radiological terrorism from the American and Russian perspectives. Of particular interest are the discussions of the hostage situation at Dubrovko in Moscow, the damge inflicted in New York during the attacks on 9/11, and Russian priorities in addressing cyber terrorism.

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mbbs in russia

Pirogov Medical University

The university.

  • Recognitions
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Founded in 1906 in the city of Moscow, Pirogov Medical University—officially known as Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov— is one of the oldest medical universities in Russia.  The first lecture took place on September 26, 1906, with 206 students, and the first graduation ceremony was celebrated in 1912. The University claims to be the first university in Russia that started offering medical education to women in the Russian Federation.It independently carries out various research projects in medicine and has received the status of National Research University in 2010.The Library of Pirogov Medical University has a collection of more than 7,50,000 books. For world-class clinical training and diverse practical exposure, the University collaborates with more 120 hospitals across the city of Moscow. Pirogov Medical University started accepting international students in 1959. Presently, more than 8,000 students are studying medicine at the University, out of which about 700 are international students.  The University has a strong team of about 2,000 faculty members. Pirogov Medical University is approved by the Medical Council of India (MCI) and offers a 6-Year Program for MBBS in Russia. Students in India, who have qualified NEET, can apply for direct admission to the MBBS Program of Pirogov Medical University.

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Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Russia

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national health and medical research council act 1992

Medical Council of India (MCI)

national health and medical research council act 1992

Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research (FAIMER)

To get admission to the MBBS Program of Pirogov Medical University, the student must qualify NEET-UG (National Eligibility cum Entrance Test-Undergraduate). 

Besides NEET-UG, there is no requirement to go through any additional entrance examination.

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  • Pirogov Medical University was founded in 1906 in the Moscow city of Russia.
  • In 1930, Pirogov Medical University organized the World’s first pediatric faculty.
  • In 1963, Pirogov Medical University organized the World’s first biomedical faculty.
  • In 2010, Pirogov Medical University received the status of National Research University.
  • Presently, more than 8,000 students are studying at Pirogov Medical University, out of which about 700 are international students.

University Address

Mbbs program, admission & support, medical licensing examination support, student life.

mbbs in russia

Founded in 1906 in the city of Moscow, Pirogov Medical University—officially known as Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov— is one of the oldest medical universities in Russia.  The first lecture took place on September 26, 1906, with 206 students, and the first graduation ceremony was celebrated in 1912. 

Focused on constantly improving the quality of education, the University entered the list of Times Higher Education World University Rankings and QS World University Rankings in 2019. 

The University claims to be the first university in Russia that started offering medical education to women in the Russian Federation. Among all milestones achieved by the University, two most celebrated achievements are that Pirogov Medical University created the world’s first pediatric faculty in 1930 and the world’s first biomedical faculty in 1963.

To provide students and visitors a glimpse into the decades of the glorious history of the University, Museum of the History of Pirogov Medical University was established in 1981, which continues to capture astonishing achievements of the University, its students, and members.

The University maintains a leading position in Russia by actively participating in activities of medical research and healthcare and delivering excellence in medical education and care. 

The University independently carries out various research projects in medicine and has received the status of National Research University in 2010. Conducting pre-clinical as well as clinical studies for a better understanding of human diseases, new medicines, and medical devices have been the center of research at Pirogov Medical University.  

To keep the students and healthcare professionals updated on the latest research and innovations in medicine, the University publishes its own scientific journal with articles on biomedical sciences and clinical medicine.

The Library of Pirogov Medical University has a collection of more than 7,50,000 books. Students can also access scientific journals and eBooks through the electronic library system. In collaboration with other universities, academic mobility and exchange programs are also arranged for students to help them get experience in other institutions and build new connections.

For the healthcare of locals, the University operates clinical centers in Moscow. Students are provided hands-on clinical training in these University-operated clinics and also involved in various clinical studies. For world-class training and diverse practical exposure, the University collaborates with more 120 hospitals across the city of Moscow.

Pirogov Medical University started accepting international students in 1959. Until now, the University has trained more than 80,000 doctors. Presently, more than 8,000 students are studying medicine at the University, out of which about 700 are international students.  The University has a strong team of about 2,000 faculty members.

Pirogov Medical University is listed in the World Directory of Medical Schools (WDOMS) and certified by the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG), United States of America. Pirogov Medical University is also approved by the Medical Council of Canada (MCC) and the Medical Council of India (MCI). The University offers a 6-Year Program for MBBS in Russia for local as well as international medical aspirants. Students in India, who have qualified NEET, can apply for direct admission to the MBBS Program of Pirogov Medical University.

mbbs in russia

Pirogov Medical University Faculty of Medicine 1 Ostrovityanov Str Moscow, 117997 Russian Federation

mbbs in russia

Pirogov Medical University offers a 6-Year MBBS Program in the Russian language. For international students, classes for initial years may be organized in English medium.

The Program for MBBS in Russia is focused on building a strong academic base with a pragmatic approach to education and medical research. To provide hands-on clinical experience, the students studying MBBS in Russia are involved in clinical training from the second year of MBBS. While education in classrooms and laboratories helps the students develop academic skills and sound theoretical understanding, clinical training in University-affiliated hospitals help them apply their knowledge into practice.

mbbs in russia

To get admission to the MBBS Program of Pirogov Medical University, you can apply online at Rus Education website.

Rus Education is duly authorized by the Russian Centre for Science and Culture (Cultural Department of The Embassy of the Russian Federation in India) to promote Russian Education among Indian Citizens. Rus Education is also an authorized associate of Pirogov Medical University. We facilitate one-window admission to the MBBS Program of Pirogov Medical University with no requirement of any donation or capitation and without any entrance examination.

mbbs in russia

Pirogov Medical University offers a healthy student life and an opportunity to experience life in Moscow, the capital city of Russia, and also the most vibrant and exciting location in the largest country in the world! 

For affordable accommodation of students and make their living experience safe and better, the University maintains a comfortable dormitory. Every room is shared by two or three students, and each floor has a shared kitchen where students can cook their food. Members of the dormitory help the newcomers to settle in their new homes. For the safety of the students, the University’s security team maintains 24-hour surveillance and is capable of providing emergency response, if required.

To help students adjust to life at university, it has a dedicated Student Support System in place. Every group of new students is assigned to two professors who guide the students not only about studying but about living as well, helping students adjust to the new environment and feel comfortable.

To keep students fit and active, Sports Center on the campus is equipped with facilities to play various sports, including badminton, basketball, volleyball, table tennis, swimming, football, hockey, chess, etc. Student can unleash their creativity by indulging in extracurricular adventures offered by Student Organizations and Societies. On the campus, there are ample opportunities for self-improvement and taking part in music, dance, sports competitions, and theater. 

For peer support, the University has a Student Council in place which offers support in academic as well as non-academic matters making student life stress free.

For the social upliftment and help students connect with the society and local people, they are involved in community and welfare organized by the University, including medical outreach, health awareness programs, and blood donation camps.  The University Volunteer Center organizes a number of volunteer activities to help students contribute to social causes.

Living in Moscow, students can explore its cultural heritage, museums, historic buildings, the world-famous Alexander Garden, and much more. For traveling in Moscow, students don’t face any problems, thanks to its convenient and cheap transportation system, especially the Moscow Metro.

With the charm of Moscow and all the student facilities and support services offered by the University, student life at Pirogov Medical University is a delight.

TOP MEDICAL UNIVERSITIES IN RUSSIA

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Mari State University

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Siberian State Medical University

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News releases.

News Release

Wednesday, February 21, 2024

NIH launches research network to evaluate emerging cancer screening technologies

Clinical trials will assess multi-cancer detection tests, among others.

The National Institutes of Health has launched a clinical trials network to evaluate emerging technologies for cancer screening. The Cancer Screening Research Network (CSRN) will support the Biden-Harris administration’s Cancer Moonshot℠ by investigating how to identify cancers earlier, when they may be easier to treat. Eight groups have received funding from the National Cancer Institute (NCI), part of NIH, to carry out the initial activities of the network.

“There are many cancers we still cannot reliably detect until it is so late that they become extremely difficult to treat,” said W. Kimryn Rathmell, M.D., Ph.D., director of NCI. “Emerging technologies such as multi-cancer detection tests could transform cancer screening and help to extend the lives of many more people. We need to be sure that these technologies work and understand how to use them so they benefit everyone.”

Studies are needed, for example, to evaluate the benefits and harms of promising new technologies for cancer screening and to determine how best to incorporate these technologies into the standard of care.

In 2024, the network will launch a pilot study, known as the Vanguard Study on Multi-Cancer Detection, to address the feasibility of using multi-cancer detection (MCD) tests in future randomized controlled trials. MCDs are blood tests that can screen for several types of cancers. The study will enroll up to 24,000 people to inform the design of a much larger randomized controlled trial. This larger trial will evaluate whether the benefits of using MCD tests to screen for cancer outweigh the harms, and whether they can detect cancer early in a way that reduces deaths.

“Our goal is to systematically evaluate cancer screening technologies to understand how best to use them to ultimately save lives. Data collected through these clinical trials can be used to develop evidence-based guidelines for cancer screening,” said Lori M. Minasian, M.D., deputy director of the Division of Cancer Prevention at NCI.

In its studies, the network aims to reach diverse populations that are receiving routine care in a variety of health care settings. Study sites are geographically diverse and include underserved populations. Study investigators will come from a variety of disciplines that are actively engaged in cancer screening.

“We want to ensure that the organizations involved in this network will also be recruiting from populations historically underrepresented in clinical trials, which will make the data we generate as representative as possible,” Dr. Minasian said. “It is important to make sure that these new technologies benefit all Americans.”

Initial funding will provide resources for study coordination, communication activities, statistics and data management, and accrual and enrollment of participants into clinical trials and studies. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center in Seattle will serve as the network’s coordinating and communications center and the statistics and data management center.

The seven additional funded sites will lead efforts to enroll participants in their geographic and coverage areas and include:

  • Henry Ford Health + Michigan State University Health Sciences in Detroit
  • Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, and Kaiser Permanente School of Medicine
  • OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences in Oklahoma City
  • University of Colorado Cancer Center in Aurora
  • University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center in Chapel Hill
  • Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Inova, and Sentara Health
  • Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

The Department of Defense Uniformed Services University and the Department of Veterans Affairs will also participate as sites funded by their respective agencies.

About the National Cancer Institute (NCI): NCI leads the National Cancer Program and NIH’s efforts to dramatically reduce the prevalence of cancer and improve the lives of cancer patients and their families, through research into prevention and cancer biology, the development of new interventions, and the training and mentoring of new researchers. For more information about cancer, please visit the NCI website at cancer.gov or call NCI’s contact center, the Cancer Information Service, at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).

About the National Institutes of Health (NIH): NIH, the nation's medical research agency, includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIH is the primary federal agency conducting and supporting basic, clinical, and translational medical research, and is investigating the causes, treatments, and cures for both common and rare diseases. For more information about NIH and its programs, visit www.nih.gov .

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  1. National Health and Medical Research Council ACT 1992 (Australia) (2018

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  2. national health and medical research council act 1992 Cth .pdf

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  3. (PDF) The NHMRC research workforce: Training, career paths and research

    national health and medical research council act 1992

  4. National Health and Medical Research Council

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  5. Duties of mci and smc

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COMMENTS

  1. National Health and Medical Research Council Act 1992

    Details Expand National Health and Medical Research Council Act 1992 No. 225 of 1992 TABLE OF PROVISIONS PART 1—PRELIMINARY National Health and Medical Research Council Act 1992 No. 225 of 1992 An Act to establish a National Health and Medical Research Council, and for related purposes [Assented to 24 December 1992]

  2. Legislative basis to NHMRC

    NHMRC is a statutory agency under the NHMRC Act 1992, which defines its functions, responsibilities and activities. The NHMRC Act covers topics such as health and medical research, public health, ethical issues and human cloning. See the list of NHMRC's submissions and reviews to various inquiries and reviews in 2023, 2022, 2021 and 2020.

  3. National Health and Medical Research Council Act 1992

    NATIONAL HEALTH AND MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL ACT 1992 TABLE OF PROVISIONSLong Title1. 2. Commencement 3. Object of the Act etc. 4. Interpretation 5. Act to bind Crown 6. Establishment 7. Functions of the Council 8. Ethics guidelines 9. Reference of matters to the Councilby the Minister 10. Minister may give directions to the Council

  4. National Health and Medical Research Council Act 1992

    This is the full text of the Act that establishes the NHMRC, its functions, structure, powers and procedures. It covers topics such as the establishment, composition, appointment, terms and conditions, staff, consultants, medical research endowment account, complaints and miscellaneous matters of the NHMRC.

  5. National Health and Medical Research Council Act 1992

    This is a compilation of the National Health and Medical Research Council Act 1992 as in force on 1 July 2014. It includes any commenced amendment affecting the legislation to that date. This compilation was prepared on 3 July 2014.

  6. Who we are

    NHMRC became an independent statutory agency within the portfolio of the Australian Government Minister for Health and Ageing, operating under the National Health and Medical Research Council Act 1992 (NHMRC Act) on 1 July 2006. Statement of Expectations and Statement of Intent

  7. Guidelines

    NHMRC issued guidelines The National Health and Medical Research Council Act (1992) enables NHMRC to issue evidence-based guidelines in areas relating to human health: environmental health - for example guidelines on Australian drinking and recreational water quality

  8. National Health and Medical Research Council Act 1992

    National Health and Medical Research Council Act 1992 - C2014C00364 In force - Latest Version View Series Details Expand Table of contents. TOC SHOW National Health and Medical Research Council Act 1992 No. 225, 1992 as amended Compilation start date: 1 July 2014 Includes amendments up to: Act No. 62, 2014 About this compilation This compilation

  9. Federal Register of Legislation

    National Health and Medical Research Council Act 1992 In force Administered by Department of Health and Aged Care Superseded version View latest version C2006C00354 01 July 2006 - 31 October 2010

  10. National Health and Medical Research Council Act 1992

    National Health and Medical Research Council Act 1992: CEO: means the Chief Executive Officer of the NHMRC referred to in section 6. National Health and Medical Research Council Act 1992: chief officer: means: (a) in relation to a Commonwealth authority—the person having principal responsibility for the administration of the authority; and

  11. National Health and Medical Research Council Act 1992

    NATIONAL HEALTH AND MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL ACT 1992 - SECT 20 Establishment of the Council of the NHMRC (1) The Council of the NHMRC is established by this section. (2) The Council of the NHMRC consists of the following: (a) the Chair; (b) the chief medical officer for the Commonwealth; (c) the chief medical officer for each State and Territory;

  12. The National Health and Medical Research Council Act (1992)

    National Health and Medical Research Council Bill 1992: Second Reading  Andrews, Kevin (1992-09) Related Items in Google Scholar ... The National Health and Medical Research Council Act (1992) Creator Unknown author. Bibliographic Citation. AUSTRALIAN HEALTH ETHICS COMMITTEE 1993; 3: 3-6. Permanent Link

  13. National Health and Medical Research Council Act 1992 (Cth)

    National Health and Medical Research Council Act 1992 (Cth); Start date: 01/07/2014. BarNet Jade jade.io National Health and Medical Research Council Act 1992 (Cth) Home. National Health and Medical Research Council Act 1992 (Cth) Start date: 01/07/2014. Date: 01 July 2014: Cited by: 89 cases Legislation cited: 25 provisions ...

  14. National Health and Medical Research Council Act 1992

    National Health and Medical Research Council Act 1992 - C2005C00169 In force - Superseded Version View Series Details Expand Table of contents. Text Part 1—Preliminary 1 Short title [see Note 1] 2 Commencement [see Note 1] 3 Object of the Act etc. 4 Interpretation 5 Act to bind Crown 5A Application of the Criminal Code

  15. Stop COVID Cohort: An Observational Study of 3480 Patients ...

    Affiliations 1 Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Child's Health, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.; 2 Inflammation, Repair, and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

  16. Russian National Research Medical University

    Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (formerly known as Russian State Medical University or RSMU) is a medical higher education institution in Moscow, Russia founded in 1906. It is fully accredited and recognized by Russia's Ministry of Education and Science and is under the authority of the Ministry of Health and Social Development. ...

  17. National Health and Medical Research Council Act 1992

    NATIONAL HEALTH AND MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL ACT 1992 - SECT 80 Confidential commercial information (1) In this Act: "information provider" means a person who provides confidential commercial information to an NHMRC officer. "NHMRC officer" means a person who is: (a) the CEO; or

  18. National Health and Medical Research Council Act 1992

    Object of the Act etc. 4. Interpretation 5. Act to bind Crown 5A. Application of the Criminal Code PART 2--THE NATIONAL HEALTH AND MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL 5B. Establishment of the NHMRC 5C. Function of the NHMRC 5D. Reference of matters to the CEO, Council and Principal Committees by the Minister 5E. Minister may give directions to the CEO ...

  19. The Role of the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations and Executive

    National Research Council. 2004. ... and they act at the local level to implement state policy with regard to protecting people and territory from emergency situations. ... The timely and skillful actions of personnel from the city's medical service have saved the lives of thousands of Muscovites involved in emergency situations and accidents.

  20. Pirogov Medical University

    Founded in 1906 in the city of Moscow, Pirogov Medical University—officially known as Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov— is one of the oldest medical universities in Russia. The first lecture took place on September 26, 1906, with 206 students, and the first graduation ceremony was celebrated in 1912.

  21. National Health and Medical Research Council Act 1992

    Details Expand Table of contents. TOC SHOW National Health and Medical Research Council Act 1992 Act No. 225 of 1992 as amended This compilation was prepared on 27 December 2011 taking into account amendments up to Act No. 46 of 2011 The text of any of those amendments not in force on that date is appended in the Notes section

  22. NIH launches research network to evaluate emerging cancer screening

    About the National Institutes of Health (NIH): NIH, the nation's medical research agency, includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIH is the primary federal agency conducting and supporting basic, clinical, and translational medical research, and is investigating the causes ...