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Reference List: Audiovisual Media
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Note: This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October 2019. There is no equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style (i.e., this page was written from scratch), but the old resource for electronic sources, which covers similar ground, can be found here .
The term "audiovisual media" refers to media that contain both audio components, visual components, or a combination of both. In general, the citation style for audiovisual media varies depending on whether the piece stands alone or is part of a larger work. The following examples provide sample references for some of the most common audiovisual sources. Please note: the following contains a list of the most commonly cited audiovisual sources. For a complete list of how to cite audiovisual sources, please refer to the 7 th edition of the APA Publication Manual.
Film or Video
Director, D. D. (Director). (Date of publication). Title of motion picture [Film]. Production company.
Loyd, P. (Director). (2008). Mamma mia! [Film]. Universal Pictures.
Film or Video in Another Language
Director, D. D. (Director). (Date of publication). Title of motion picture in original language [Translated title] [Film]. Production company.
Del Toro, G. (Director). (2006). El laberinto del fauno [Pan’s labyrinth] [Film]. Warner Bros. Pictures.
Executive Producer, P. P. (Executive Producer). (Date range of release). Title of series [TV series]. Production company(s).
Sherman-Palladino, A., Palladino, D. (Executive Producers). (2017-present). The marvelous Mrs. Maisel [TV series] . Dorothy Parker Drank Here Productions; Picrow, Amazon Studios.
TV Series Episode
Writer, W. W. (Writer), & Director, D. D. (Director). (Original air date). Title of episode (Season number, Episode number) [Tv series episode]. In P. Executive Producer (Executive Producer), Series title . Production company(s).
Korsh, A. (Writer & Director). (2019, September 25). One last con (Season 9, Episode 10) [TV series episode]. In D. Liman & D. Bartis (Executive Producers), Suits . Untitled Korsh Company; Universal Content Productions; Open 4 Business Productions.
YouTube Video
Person or group who uploaded video. (Date of publication). Title of video [Video]. Website host. URL
Tasty. (2018, March 7). 7 recipes you can make in 5 minutes [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_5wHw6l11o
Music Album
Recording artist. (Year of release). Title of album [Album]. Record label.
The National. (2019). I am easy to find [Album]. 4AD.
Note: if you are referencing a re-recorded version of a classical work, list that album title in brackets following the name of the album.
Single Song or Track
Recording artist. (Year of release). Title of song [Song]. On Title of album [Album]. Record label.
Dacus, L. (2018). Night shift [Song]. On Historian [Album]. Matador Records.
Note: if the song is a piece of classical music, you can list the composer instead of the recording artist.
Note: if the song does not have an associated album, simply omit the section with the album.
Executive Producer, E. P. (Executive Producer). (Range of publication). Title of podcast [Audio podcast]. Production company. URL
Bae, P. (Executive Producer). (2017-present). The big loop [Audio podcast]. QRX. https://www.thebiglooppodcast.com/
Note: in place of the executive producer, you can also list the host of the podcast.
Note: if you did not access the podcast via an online source (e.g., if, you used a podcast app), omit the URL.
Single Podcast Episode
Executive Producer, E. P. (Executive Producer). (Date of publication). Title of podcast episode (Episode number) [Audio podcast episode]. In Title of podcast . Production company. URL
Koenig, S. (Host). (2014, October 3). The alibi (No. 1) [Audio podcast episode]. In Serial . WBEZ Chicago. https://serialpodcast.org/
Note: if you did not access the podcast via an online source (e.g., if you used a podcast app), omit the URL.
Artwork in a Museum or on a Museum Website
Artist, A. (Year of release). Title of artwork [medium]. Name of museum, City, State, Country. URL of museum
Hopper, E. (1942). Nighthawks [Painting]. Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States. https://www.artic.edu/artworks/111628/nighthawks
Note: if the artwork is available via a museum website, cite that website at the end of the citation. If there is no associated website, simply omit the URL.
Note: if the artwork does not have a title, briefly describe the work and put that description in square brackets.
Photograph (not associated with a museum)
Photographer, P. (Year of publication). Title of photograph [Photograph]. Source. URL
Ryan, S. (2019). Sea smoke on Lake Michigan [Photograph]. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/world/year-in-pictures.html
Note: if the photograph does not have a title, describe the photograph and put that description in square brackets.
APA Style 7th Edition: Citing Your Sources
- Basics of APA Formatting
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- Audiovisual
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Standard Format
Formatting rules.
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Click on the categories below to see what types of information is included for that reference component for Conference Presentations.
Basic Format: Who = Presenter (When = year, Month date range). What = Title of work. Where = Conference Information and/or URL
For Conference Sessions and Presentations
Presenter Surname, A. A. & Presenter Surname, B. B.
(year, Month date range).
Title of contribution: Use sentence case [Type of contribution].
Conference Name, Location.
https://doi.org/xxxx....
https://xxx....
For Symposium Contributions
Author Surname, A. A. & Author Surname, B. B.
Title of contribution: Use sentence case.
In C. C. Chairperson (Chair), Title of symposium [Symposium]. Conference Name, Location.
https://xxx.....
- Date should match the date(s) of the full conference
- Conference Proceedings published in journal or book should follow the same format for a journal or edited book chapter
Click on the categories to view examples.
Paper from published conference proceedings available online
Paper from published conference proceedings available in print, paper presentation.
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Citing Conference sessions, Poster abstracts, and Poster presentations
Conference sessions, poster abstracts, and poster presentations follow a significantly different format than other types of APA references.
- The author of the work is always listed first.
- Next, the FULL date of the conference is listed in the date area, so if a conference is held over several days, you need to list the date the conference starts, through the date the conference ends.
- Next add the title of the work and put it in italics, then add (in square brackets), whether it's a [Poster session], a [Poster abstract], or a [Conference session] and then add a period.
- In the source area share 1) the name of the conference or organization - or both (comma), 2) the name of the city or town the conference was held (comma), 3) the abbreviation of the state or the region (depending on the country) (comma), 4) the country the conference was held.
- Lastly share the URL of the WORK (not the conference in general) as a live hyperlink.
Examples:
Conference session : .
Hinck, J., Brewington, J., & Harding, K. (2018, September 12-14). Nurse educators - Making a difference in self and others to strengthen networks and partnerships [Conference session]. National League for Nursing, Chicago, IL, United States. https://tinyurl.com/37bx7uku
In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):
(Hinck, et al., 2018).
Poster Abstract :
Jackson, C., McCalmont, J., Ward, J. Solanki, E., Seguin, R., & Perry, C. K. (2017, October 10). Mujeres fuertes y corazones saludables: Adaptation of the Strong Women - Healthy Hearts (SWHH) program for rural Latinas using an intervention mapping approach [Poster Abstract]. 2017 Oregon Public Health Association Annual Meeting, Portland, OR, United States. https://tinyurl.com/y2panrdm
(Jackson, et al., 2017).
Poster Presentation :
NOTE: Because the poster presentations of this conference were presented in a journal, there are actually two ways you could cite this particular poster abstract, either way is acceptable in APA .
Option 1 - Referencing ONLY the poster abstract itself :
Leckenby, S., & Acklaghi, H. (2017, November 19-23). Is point-of-care troponin enough in decision making process in emergency departments [Poster Presentation]. ACEM ASM 2017 "Impossible is Just a Perspective" Darling Harbour, Sydney, Austalia. https://tinyurl.com/cpkjbsu5
(Leckenby & Acklaghi, 2017).
Option 2 - Referencing the poster abstract within the actual journal & supplement that printed the conference abstract :
Leckenby, S., & Acklaghi, H. (2018). Is point-of-care troponin enough in decision making process in emergency departments [Poster Presentation]. Emergency Medicine Australasia, 30 (S1), 43-44. https://doi.org/10.1111/1742-6723.12962
Carrie Forbes, MLS
Page References
Citation information has been adapted from the APA Manual (7th Edition). Please refer to page 332-333 of the APA Manual (7th Edition) for more information.
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APA Citation Guide (7th Edition): Presentations and Class Notes
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In-Text Citation or Reference List?
Handouts distributed in class and presentation slides such as PowerPoint should be cited both in-text and on the Reference list.
Your own notes from lectures are considered personal communications in APA style. They are cited within the text of your assignment, but do not get an entry on the Reference list.
Presentation Slides from a Website
Author, A. A. (Year, Month Date). Title of presentation [Lecture notes, PowerPoint Slides, etc.]. Publisher. URL
Kunka, J. L. (n.d.). Conquering the comma [PowerPoint presentation]. Purdue Online Writing Lab. http://owl.english.purdue.edu/workshops/pp/index.html#presentations
Presentation Slides from WebCampus (Canvas)
Instructor, I. I. (Year Presentation Was Created). Title of presentation [PowerPoint presentation]. WebCampus. URL
Graham, J. (2013). Introduction: Jean Watson [PowerPoint presentation]. WebCampus. https://unr.instructure.com/login/canvas
Note : The first letter of the word Watson is capitalized as it is part of a person's name.
Class Handouts from WebCampus (Canvas)
Instructor, I. I. (Year Handout Was Created if known). Title of handout [Class handout]. WebCampus. URL
Magowan , A. (2013). Career resources at the library [Class handout]. WebCampus. https://unr.instructure.com/login/canvas
Class Handout in Print
Instructor, I. I. (Year Handout Was Created if known). Title of handout [Class handout]. University Name, Course code.
Wood, D. (2013). Laboratory safety overview [Class handout]. University of Nevada, Reno, BIO173.
Class Lectures (Notes from)
Note : Your own notes from a lecture are considered personal communications in APA style. They are cited within the text of your assignment, but do not get an entry on the Reference list. Put the citation right after a quote or paraphrased content from the class lecture.
(I. I. Instructor who gave lecture, personal communication, Month Day, Year lecture took place)
"Infections are often contracted while patients are recovering in the hospital" (J. D. Black, personal communication, May 30, 2012).
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APA Citation Guide (7th edition) : Powerpoint Presentations
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On this Page
Powerpoint presentations - what do i need to cite, powerpoint presentations - where do my citations go, other digital assignments - where do my citations go, quick rules for an apa reference list.
Your research paper ends with a list of all the sources cited in the text of the paper. Here are nine quick rules for this Reference list.
- Start a new page for your Reference list. Centre the title, References, at the top of the page.
- Double-space the list.
- Start the first line of each reference at the left margin; indent each subsequent line five spaces (a hanging indent).
- Put your list in alphabetical order. Alphabetize the list by the first word in the reference. In most cases, the first word will be the author’s last name. Where the author is unknown, alphabetize by the first word in the title, ignoring the words a, an, the.
- For each author, give the last name followed by a comma and the first (and middle, if listed) initials followed by periods.
- Italicize the titles of these works: books, audiovisual material, internet documents and newspapers, and the title and volume number of journals and magazines.
- Do not italicize titles of most parts of works, such as: articles from newspapers, magazines, or journals / essays, poems, short stories or chapter titles from a book / chapters or sections of an Internet document.
- In titles of non-periodicals (books, videotapes, websites, reports, poems, essays, chapters, etc), capitalize only the first letter of the first word of a title and subtitle, and all proper nouns (names of people, places, organizations, nationalities).
- If a web source (not from the library) is not a stable archived version, or you are unsure whether it is stable, include a statement of the accessed date before the link.
What am I legally required to cite in my digital assignment?
According to the Copyright Act, you must cite the sources (images, videos, books, websites, etc.) that you used in your digital assignment ( 29.21(1)(b) ). You must cite the source (where you got the information from) and the creator of the content (if available). You must also make sure that any copyrighted materials you used in your assignment meet the conditions set out in section 29.21 of the Copyright Act. For a list of conditions and more information, please visit: http://studentcopyright.wordpress.com/mashups/
What citation style do I use for the sources in my digital assignment?
There is no one required citation style, so please defer to your instructor's directions and citation style preference.
List your sources in a slide at the end of the Powerpoint presentation, with footnotes throughout your presentation as applicable.
You could also provide a print copy of the sources you used to those attending your presentation.
Seneca Libraries has the following recommendations for how to organize your list of sources for digital assignments. Please check with your instructor first:
Videos you create:
List your sources in a credits screen at the end of the video.
Websites you create:
- For images, include a citation under each image using this format “From: XXXX” and then make the image a link back to the original image ( example - picture of little girl). Or list the citation at the bottom of the web page.
- For quotes or material from other sources, include an in-text citation that links back to the original material ( example – second paragraph).
Images you create:
If possible list your sources at the bottom or side of the image ( example ). Otherwise, include a list of citations alongside the image wherever it’s uploaded (e.g. Flickr, Blackboard).
**Please note that the above are recommendations only and your instructor may have a preference and directions for how and where you list your sources for your assignment.**
If you don't receive specific instructions from your instructor, try to include your citations in a way that doesn't impact the design of your digital assignment.
For more information please contact Seneca Libraries copyright team at [email protected]
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COMMENTS
The description is flexible (e.g., "[Conference session]," "[Paper presentation]," "[Poster session]," "[Keynote address]"). Provide the name of the conference or meeting and its location in the source element of the reference. If video of the conference presentation is available, include a link at the end of the reference.
Cite your source automatically in APA. Media File: APA PowerPoint Slide Presentation. This resource is enhanced by a PowerPoint file. If you have a Microsoft Account, you can view this file with PowerPoint Online. Select the APA PowerPoint Presentation link above to download slides that provide a detailed review of the APA citation style.
Revised on December 27, 2023. To reference a PowerPoint presentation in APA Style, include the name of the author (whoever presented the PowerPoint), the date it was presented, the title (italicized), "PowerPoint slides" in square brackets, the name of the department and university, and the URL where the PowerPoint can be found.
This page contains reference examples for PowerPoint slides or lecture notes, including the following: Use these formats to cite information obtained directly from slides. If the slides contain citations to information published elsewhere, and you want to cite that information as well, then it is best to find, read, and cite the original source ...
Powered by. The term "audiovisual media" refers to media that contain both audio components, visual components, or a combination of both. In general, the citation style for audiovisual media varies depending on whether the piece stands alone or is part of a larger work. The following examples provide sample references for some of the most ...
presentation and assist in conveying the message. The images chosen for each slide should represent or enhance the subject being spoken about. ... If you need assistance with formatting a reference page in APA, please visit the Lewis OWL resource HERE and view the last page in the document. Author: ly, darette s. Created Date:
Click on the categories below to see what types of information is included for that reference component for Conference Presentations. Basic Format: Who = Presenter (When = year, Month date range). What = Title of work. Where = Conference Information and/or URL. For Conference Sessions and Presentations
In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Jackson, et al., 2017). Poster Presentation: NOTE: Because the poster presentations of this conference were presented in a journal, there are actually two ways you could cite this particular poster abstract, either way is acceptable in APA. Option 1 - Referencing ONLY the poster abstract itself: Reference:
Handouts distributed in class and presentation slides such as PowerPoint should be cited both in-text and on the Reference list. Your own notes from lectures are considered personal communications in APA style. They are cited within the text of your assignment, but do not get an entry on the Reference list.
For quotes or material from other sources, include an in-text citation that links back to the original material (example - second paragraph). Images you create: If possible list your sources at the bottom or side of the image (example). Otherwise, include a list of citations alongside the image wherever it's uploaded (e.g. Flickr, Blackboard).