geography research task grade 12 term 1 memorandum

Grade 12 Geography

Geography grade 12 research tasks (topics) and memos (sba).

Geography Grade 12 Research Tasks (Topics) and Memos for: term 1, Term 2, Term 3 and Term 4

Assessment is a continuous planned process of identifying, gathering and interpreting information about the performance of learners, using various forms of assessment. It involves four steps: generating and collecting evidence of achievement; evaluating this evidence; recording the findings and using this information to understand and assist with the learners’ development to improve the process of learning and teaching. Assessment should be both informal (assessment for learning) and formal (assessment of learning). In both cases regular feedback should be provided to learners to enhance the learning experience.

School-based assessment (SBA) is a purposive collection of learners’ work that tells the story of learners’ efforts, progress or achievement in given areas. The quality of SBA tasks is integral to learners’ preparation for the final examinations.

This booklet serves as a resource of four exemplar SBA tasks to schools and subject teachers of Geography. SBA marks are formally recorded by the teacher for progression and certification purposes. The SBA component is compulsory for all learners. Learners who cannot comply with the requirements specified according to the policy may not be eligible to enter for the subject in the final examination.

The formal assessment tasks provide the teacher with a systematic way of evaluating how well learners are progressing. This publication includes tests, a project and a case study. Formal assessment tasks form part of a year-long formal programme of assessment. These tasks should not be taken lightly and learners should be encouraged to submit their best possible efforts for final assessment.

The teachers are expected to ensure that assessment tasks are relevant to and suitable for the learners being taught. Teachers should adapt the tasks to suit learners’ level of understanding and should be context-bound; however, they should also take cognisance of the requirements as set out in the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) document.

• 1 What Skills are Assessed for Research Tasks in Grade 12
• 2.0.1 Guideline: Geography Grade 12 Research Tasks
• 2.1 Geography Research Project Topics for Grade 12 South Africa
• 3 Step 2: Background information about an area of study
• 4 Step 3: Mapping
• 5 Step 4: Methods of data collection
• 6 Step 5: Analysis and synthesis of data
• 7 Step 6: Recommendations and possible solutions
• 8 Step 7: Conclusion – accept or reject the hypothesis
• 9 Step 8: Bibliography
• 10 More Geography Grade 12 Resources
• 11 Mid Latitude Cyclones Notes Grade 12
• 12 Geography Grade 12 2019 Exam Papers and Memos
• 13 Geography Grade 12 2020 Past Papers and Memos
• 14 Geography Grade 12 Research Tasks (Topics) and Memos (SBA)
• 15 Grade 12 Geography Exam Papers and Memos for 2019 September and November
• 16 Geography Mind the Gap study guide: Grade 12 Download

What Skills are Assessed for Research Tasks in Grade 12

The following skills are assessed. Some/All of these skills may be tested in any external examination:

• Gathering data
• Interpreting data
• Analysing data
• Comparing different sets of data
• Representing data in written, graphic or mapped format
• Problem-solving
• Drawing conclusions
• Hypothesis statements

Research framework for assessment (Guideline on administration of research task)

Step 1: Formulating a hypothesis/problem statement.

Guideline: geography grade 12 research tasks.

Step 1: Formulating a hypothesis/problem statement. As Geographers we seek to understand and explain the interactions amongst humans, and between humans and the environment in space and time. This is achieved by asking questions or making informed geographical decisions. This entails the development of a hypothesis or a problem statement to be tested.

• You have to choose a specific area of study where a geographical problem exists.
• During this stage, a geographical question showing a problem is asked.
• Identify the problem from a local area.
• Formulate a hypothesis or a problem statement. (Hypothesis research is used to prove that certain variables are dependent on or independent of each other. Problem statement research is only to highlight that a specific problem exists in a specific community.)
• You should then follow the steps of research to ensure that the geographical question is answered.

Geography Research Project Topics for Grade 12 South Africa

• The value of property along north-facing slopes is higher than the value of property along south-facing slopes in Meyersdal, Gauteng (choose local area).
• The cause of rural-urban migration in Ndwedwe, KwaZulu-Natal (choose local area), is the lack of service delivery in the health sector.
• Climate change will impact negatively on grape farming and related industries in the Western Cape.
• The closing down of many primary schools in Lusikisiki (Eastern Cape) (choose a local area) is due to a decline of the population in the age group 7 to 15 years.
• The poor condition of roads (specify the names of the roads) leading to/in Harrismith, Free State (choose local area), is due to the lack of proper planning by the local municipality.
• The impact of building a dam along the Jukskei River in Gauteng (choose local area) upstream of Alexandra will reduce flooding and the subsequent loss of life in Alexandra.
• The e-toll system will impact negatively on the economic position of people using private transport in Gauteng.
• The e-toll system will impact positively on traffic flow to the major urban centres in Gauteng.
• Informal settlements in the Vhembe district of Limpopo have low levels of development due to the lack of provision of basic needs (choose ONE informal settlement in your local area.)
• Overcrowding of informal settlements is due to the lack of proper planning by the local government (choose local area).

Step 2: Background information about an area of study

• You must explain where in South Africa the study area is located. (This can be indicated on the map.)
• Describe the study area in terms of its exact position (degrees, minutes and seconds).
• Provide relevant information about the area, for example population of the area or climate of the area.

Step 3: Mapping

• You must provide a map of the area in question.
• During this stage you must create a buffer zone around the area where the geographical problem exists.
• The map should have a clear legend/key and must be drawn to scale. The scale must be indicated on the map.
• If the map used covers a wider area, buffer zones around the area of study should be created.
• The map used should be the most recent map of the study area

Step 4: Methods of data collection

(a) PRIMARY DATA SOURCES

• The use of questionnaires
• Observations
• Field trips

(b) SECONDARY DATA SOURCES

• Newspaper articles
• Government department statistics

Step 5: Analysis and synthesis of data

• Learners must use collected data now to formulate a discussion around the existing geographical problem. • At this stage learners should represent some of the information graphically where necessary, for example graphs and sketches. • Learners must analyse graphic information during this stage.

Step 6: Recommendations and possible solutions

• Learners should now make recommendations to solve the geographical problem in question. • Learners should present their original and realistic opinions as far as they possibly can.

Step 7: Conclusion – accept or reject the hypothesis

• Learners should now take a decision to either ACCEPT or REJECT the hypothesis.
• Learners must give reasons for either ACCEPTING or REJECTING the hypothesis

Step 8: Bibliography

• Learners must include a comprehensive bibliography.
• Learners must list websites in full.
• Learners must include annexures of questionnaires and interviews conducted

More Geography Grade 12 Resources

• Geography 2020 Past Papers
• Geography 2019 Past Papers

Grade 12 Geography Exam Papers and Memos for 2019 September and November

• Geography Grade 12 Research Tasks (Topics) and Memos

Mid Latitude Cyclones Notes Grade 12

• March 24, 2021

Geography Grade 12 2019 Exam Papers and Memos

• February 28, 2021

Geography Grade 12 2020 Past Papers and Memos

• February 22, 2021

• September 29, 2020

Geography Mind the Gap study guide: Grade 12 Download

• August 17, 2020

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Geography Grade 12 2020 Past Papers and Memos for study revision

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Geography grade 10, main reasons why is south africa regarded as a developing country.

Reasons why is South Africa regarded as a developing country: South Africa has a great economic infrastructure and natural resources that characterize its economy. In South Africa, there is outstanding progress in the field of industry and manufacturing. South Africa, however, is still characterised as a developing country and not a developed country.

• 0.1 6 Characteristics of a Developed Country
• 0.2 5 Reasons why is South Africa regarded as a developing country

6 Characteristics of a Developed Country

1. Has a high income per capita.  Developed countries have high per capita incomes each year. By having a high income per capita, the country’s economic value will be boosted. Therefore, the amount of poverty can be overcome.

2. Security Is Guaranteed.  The level of security of developed countries is more secure compared to developing countries. This is also a side effect of sophisticated technology in developed countries. With the sophisticated technology, security facilities and weapons technology also develop for the better.

3. Guaranteed Health.  In addition to ensuring security, health in a developed country is also guaranteed. This is characterized by a variety of adequate health facilities, such as hospitals and medical staff who are trained and reliable.

4. Low unemployment rate.  In developed countries, the unemployment rate is relatively small because every citizen can get a job and work.

5. Mastering Science and Technology.  The inhabitants of developed countries tend to have mastered science and technology from which new useful products such as the industrial pendant lights were introduced to the market. Therefore, in their daily lives, they have also used sophisticated technology and modern tools to facilitate their daily lives.

6. The level of exports is higher than imports.  The level of exports in developed countries is higher than the level of imports because of the superior human resources and technology possessed.

5 Reasons why is South Africa regarded as a developing country

1. South Africa has a low Income per year.  Annual income in developing countries is not as high as in developed countries due to the high unemployment rate.

2. In South Africa, security is not guaranteed.  Unlike in developed countries, security in developing countries is still very minimal and inappropriate. Therefore, crime rates in developed countries such as South Africa tend to be relatively high.

3. South Africa has a fast-growing population . According to the World Population Review , South Africa’s population will continue to grow until 2082, reaching just over 80 million people before plateauing and slightly declining the rest of the century. South Africa’s population growth rate is currently 1.28% per year. Developing countries have a very large average population compared to developed countries because of uncontrolled population development. This is also a result of the lack of education and health facilities.

4. The unemployment rate in South Africa is high.  South Africa has an unemployment rate of 34.4% in the second quarter  of 2021. In developing countries, the unemployment rate is still relatively high because the available job vacancies are not evenly distributed. In addition, the level of uneven education is also one of the factors causing the large unemployment rate.

5. Imports are higher than exports.  Due to the low management of natural resources and human resources in developing countries, developing countries more often buy goods from abroad. To eliminate the barriers of being a developed country, South Africa must reduce imports and must refine and develop its agricultural sector.

Characteristics of Developed and Developing Countries

Why_is_South_Africa_Still_a_Developing_Country

Geography Grade 12 November 2020 Question Papers and for study revision

Geography Grade 12 November 2020 Question Papers and Memos pdf download

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Geography Grade 12 Research Tasks (Topics) and Memos (SBA)

  join our whatsapp group. click here, geography grade 12 research tasks (topics) and memos for: term 1, term 2, term 3 and term 4.

Geography Grade 12 Research Tasks (Topics) and Memos for: term 1, Term 2, Term 3 and Term 4 Utilizing a variety of assessment methods, assessment is a continual, organized process for locating, compiling, and analyzing data regarding student performance. It entails four steps: creating and gathering evidence of achievement; assessing this evidence; documenting the findings; and using this information to comprehend and support the development of the learners in order to enhance the learning and teaching process. Both informal (evaluation for learning) and formal assessments should be conducted (assessment of learning). In both situations, learners should receive regular feedback to improve the learning process.

School-based assessment (SBA) is a deliberate gathering of student work that narrates the tale of students’ attempts, development, or success in particular areas. The effectiveness of SBA tasks plays a crucial role in learners’ final test preparation.

This brochure provides schools and geography subject teachers with four sample SBA tasks. The teacher formally records SBA grades for certification and advancement needs. All students must complete the SBA component. Students who are unable to meet the conditions outlined by the policy may not be allowed to enter the subject in the final exam.

The formal evaluation activities give the teacher a methodical technique to gauge how well students are developing. There are tests, a project, and a case study in this article. A year-long formal program of assessment includes tasks for formal assessment. It is important to take these activities seriously and to urge students to submit their best work for evaluation.

The evaluation assignments should be appropriate for and relevant to the students being taught, according to the teachers’ expectations. The assignments should be context-bound and tailored to the students’ level of comprehension, but teachers must also be aware of the guidelines outlined in the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) document.

What Skills are Assessed for Research Tasks in Grade 12

The following skills are assessed. Some/All of these skills may be tested in any external examination:

• Gathering data
• Interpreting data
• Analysing data
• Comparing different sets of data
• Representing data in written, graphic or mapped format
• Problem-solving
• Drawing conclusions
• Hypothesis statements

Research framework for assessment (Guideline on administration of research task)

Step 1: Formulating a hypothesis/problem statement.

Guideline: geography grade 12 research tasks.

Step 1: Formulating a hypothesis/problem statement. As Geographers we seek to understand and explain the interactions amongst humans, and between humans and the environment in space and time. This is achieved by asking questions or making informed geographical decisions. This entails the development of a hypothesis or a problem statement to be tested.

• You have to choose a specific area of study where a geographical problem exists.
• During this stage, a geographical question showing a problem is asked.
• Identify the problem from a local area.
• Formulate a hypothesis or a problem statement. (Hypothesis research is used to prove that certain variables are dependent on or independent of each other. Problem statement research is only to highlight that a specific problem exists in a specific community.)
• You should then follow the steps of research to ensure that the geographical question is answered.

Geography Research Project Topics for Grade 12 South Africa

• The value of property along north-facing slopes is higher than the value of property along south-facing slopes in Meyersdal, Gauteng (choose local area).
• The cause of rural-urban migration in Ndwedwe, KwaZulu-Natal (choose local area), is the lack of service delivery in the health sector.
• Climate change will impact negatively on grape farming and related industries in the Western Cape.
• The closing down of many primary schools in Lusikisiki (Eastern Cape) (choose a local area) is due to a decline of the population in the age group 7 to 15 years.
• The poor condition of roads (specify the names of the roads) leading to/in Harrismith, Free State (choose local area), is due to the lack of proper planning by the local municipality.
• The impact of building a dam along the Jukskei River in Gauteng (choose local area) upstream of Alexandra will reduce flooding and the subsequent loss of life in Alexandra.
• The e-toll system will impact negatively on the economic position of people using private transport in Gauteng.
• The e-toll system will impact positively on traffic flow to the major urban centres in Gauteng.
• Informal settlements in the Vhembe district of Limpopo have low levels of development due to the lack of provision of basic needs (choose ONE informal settlement in your local area.)
• Overcrowding of informal settlements is due to the lack of proper planning by the local government (choose local area).

Step 2: Background information about an area of study

• You must explain where in South Africa the study area is located. (This can be indicated on the map.)
• Describe the study area in terms of its exact position (degrees, minutes and seconds).
• Provide relevant information about the area, for example population of the area or climate of the area.

Step 3: Mapping

• You must provide a map of the area in question.
• During this stage you must create a buffer zone around the area where the geographical problem exists.
• The map should have a clear legend/key and must be drawn to scale. The scale must be indicated on the map.
• If the map used covers a wider area, buffer zones around the area of study should be created.
• The map used should be the most recent map of the study area

Step 4: Methods of data collection

(a) PRIMARY DATA SOURCES

• The use of questionnaires
• Observations
• Field trips

(b) SECONDARY DATA SOURCES

• Newspaper articles
• Government department statistics

Step 5: Analysis and synthesis of data

• Learners must use collected data now to formulate a discussion around the existing geographical problem. • At this stage learners should represent some of the information graphically where necessary, for example graphs and sketches. • Learners must analyse graphic information during this stage.

Step 6: Recommendations and possible solutions

• Learners should now make recommendations to solve the geographical problem in question. • Learners should present their original and realistic opinions as far as they possibly can.

Step 7: Conclusion – accept or reject the hypothesis

• Learners should now take a decision to either ACCEPT or REJECT the hypothesis.
• Learners must give reasons for either ACCEPTING or REJECTING the hypothesis

Step 8: Bibliography

• Learners must include a comprehensive bibliography.
• Learners must list websites in full.
• Learners must include annexures of questionnaires and interviews conducted

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Geography Grade 12 Term 1 March (Control Test) 2022 Common Test Question Papers and Memorandums

Are you preparing for your Grade 12 Geography assessments in South Africa and looking for resources? The South African school curriculum mandates that Geography Grade 12 students undertake assessments each term in the form of minor exams and tests. For your Term 1 revision studies, you can utilise the March 2022 previous question papers.

Table of Contents

List of available Geography Grade 12 Term 1 March 2022 Test Question Papers and Memorandums

Below, you will find a list of available Geography Grade 12 Term 1 March 2022 Test Question Papers and Memorandums, which contain both questions and answers. These resources are available in a downloadable format to assist in your studies:

• Geography Grade 12 March 2022 Question Papers and Memorandum : This resource is vital for students seeking to enhance their preparation by studying past papers. The document includes both the question paper and the memorandum with answers. It’s a practical tool for self-assessment and understanding the format of the questions you might face. Download the Geography Grade 12 March 2022 Question Papers and Memorandum here .

Find questions and answers in a downloadable format below:

Also Download: Geography Grade 12 March 2023 Tests for Term 1 with Memos

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Looking for something in particular?

Search and find some of the useful resources for Grade 12 Geography including: Past Papers, Exercises, Class Assessments Plans, Assignments and Answers, Research Tasks, Essays Topics and more. Resources are for all terms: Term 1, Term 2, Term 3, and Term 4. 

GEOGRAPHY GRADE 12 RESEARCH TASK 2018

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Geography Grade 12 March 2020 Term 1 past papers and memos

Geography Grade 12 March 2020 past papers and memos: Geography is the study of places and the relationships between people and their environments. Geographers explore both the physical properties of Earth’s surface and the human societies spread across it.

Table of Contents

List of Geography Grade 12 March 2020 past papers and memos

Hello Grade 12 Learners. Modern Classroom has everything for you needed to pass your matric exams, tests, assessments, research tasks and assignments under CAPS Curriculum . Feel free to explore all resources for grade 12, such as Study Guides, DBE Past Exam Papers with Memos , and Speech Topics . That’s if you want to know how to pass grade 12 with distinctions in South Africa Modern Classroom

Why passing Grade 12 is very important

Grade 12 ultimately prepares you for the real world out there, and most importantly matric is your ultimate gateway for varsity. You really need good marks in Grade 12 in order to pass well and study what you like . Good Grade 12 marks means good APS Score.

The calculation of an Admission Point Score (APS) is based on a candidate’s achievement in any SIX recognised National Senior Certificate 20-credit subjects (including subjects from the non-designated subject list, e.g. CAT , Tourism , Hospitality Studies and Civil , Electrical & Mechanical Technology , etc.), by using the NSC seven-point rating scale. Life Orientation is a 10-credit subject and may not be used for calculating the APS. Life Orientation is also not a faculty-specific subject requirement.

Have you made your career choice yet?

Now that you are in your final year of studies, have you made up your mind about what career you want to pursue after matric? Have a look at below questions and click on the links for more information:

Do you know:

• Do you want to study at a University or College ?
• What career do you plan to pursue after school ?
• What subjects you will need to study for this career?
• How will you pay for your studies?

5 Ways to Pass Matric with Distinction?

• Teach your friends the subject you know the most. Teaching others makes you learn faster
• Manage your time properly. Learn to focus at one task at a time.
• Gather all learning material about a subject and try answering previous exam papers and tests
• Ensure you do have 8 hrs of sleep every night so that you will always be productive.
• Remove all destructions around you, such as: TV, CellPhone, Noisy people, etc. If you cant, go to the library or study at school.

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GEOGRAPHY SCHOOL BASED ASSESSMENT EXEMPLARS - CAPS GRADE 12 LEARNER'S GUIDE

GEOGRAPHY SCHOOL BASED ASSESSMENT EXEMPLARS - CAPS GRADE 12 LEARNER GUIDE

1. Introduction  The purpose of this document is to provide learners with a set of benchmarked school- based assessment tasks (SBAs).  It contains useful information and guidelines in the form of exemplars on the following aspects of the curriculum: 

• How to do a research task 
• Working with sources and source-based questions 
• Data handling  
• Marking rubrics as guidelines to completing research tasks 

2. Objectives/Aims of the project  It is envisaged that this SBA document will provide learners with examples of SBA tasks that are of high quality and a  high standard. 

• A common standard is set as prescribed by the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) document. 
• Quality teaching and learning of FET – Grade 12 Geography is promoted throughout all schools in South Africa. 

3. Assessment tasks as outlined by CAPS

4. Assessment tasks  4.1 Term 1 – Data-handling task  Two examples of typical data-handling tasks are provided below. 

4.1.1 Exemplar: Data-handling task 1 

• Curriculum content: Physical Geography (tropical cyclones, subtropical anti-cyclones and drainage basins) •  Compliant with CAPS. 
• May be tested in the CAPS final external examination. 
• One (1) data-handling task must be done. 

GRADE 12 SBA (CAPS 2014)  DATA-HANDLING TASK  PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY 

TIME: 1 hour (60 minutes)  MARKS: 60  QUESTION 1  1.1 Refer to FIGURE 1A showing a synoptic weather map of Tropical Cyclone Irina. 

1.1.1 Determine the number of tropical cyclones, including Irina, that has occurred during this tropical cyclone  season. (1 x 2) (2)  1.1.2 Give a reason to support your answer to QUESTION 1.1.1. (1 x 2) (2) 1.1.3 Describe the surface air circulation within Tropical Cyclone Irina. (1 x 2) (2) 

1.2 Refer to FIGURE 1B showing a satellite image of Tropical Cyclone Irina and FIGURE 1C showing the projected path  of Tropical Cyclone Irina. 

1.2.1 Using the satellite image, determine in which stage of development Tropical Cyclone Irina is. (1 x 2) (2)  1.2.2 Give evidence from the satellite image to support your answer to QUESTION 1.2.1   (1 x 2) (2)  1.2.3 Discuss TWO socio-economic impacts of Tropical Cyclone Irina on areas along the east coast of southern  Africa. (2 x 2) (4)  1.2.4 Draw a labelled cross-section of Tropical Cyclone Irina as depicted on the satellite image from X to Y.  Clearly indicate the position of the eye and the cumulonimbus clouds on your cross-section. (2 x 2) (4)  1.2.5 State the reason for the use of the words, ‘projected path’ when describing the path of Tropical Cyclone  Irina. (1 x 2) (2)

1.3 Refer to FIGURE 1A. 

1.3.1 Identify the high-pressure cells labelled P and Q. (2 x 2) (4) 1.3.2 Use evidence from the map to explain whether wind speed will be greater in area P or area Q. (3 x 2) (6)

QUESTION 2  2.1 Refer to FIGURE 2A showing cross-sections of the Tugela River along its course in its drainage basin shown in  FIGURE 2B. 

2.1.1 Define the term drainage basin. (1 x 2) (2)  2.1.2 Which of FIGURE 2A and FIGURE 2B shows a longitudinal and transverse profile respectively? (2 x 2) (4)  2.1.3 Match each of cross-sections A, B and C (FIGURE 2A) with positions (i), (ii) and (iii) (FIGURE 2B).  (3 x 2) (6)  2.1.4 Briefly explain the difference in the width of the river channel at A and C. (2 x 2) (4)

2.2 Refer to FIGURE 2B showing the drainage basin of the Tugela River from its upper to the middle to the lower course.

2.2.1 Determine the stream order of the Tugela River at point X along its course. 1 x 2) (2) 2.2.2 Identify and explain ONE of the stream channel patterns of the Tugela River at (ii) along its course. (3 x 2) (6)  2.2.3 Draw a labelled free-hand cross-section through the river channel along line T–S, showing the position of  and the difference in shape between a slip-off slope and an undercut slope. (2 x 2) (4)  2.2.4 Give ONE reason why the Tugela River is more likely to flood in the vicinity of (iii). (1 x 2) (2)

[30] GRAND TOTAL: 60

4.1.2 Exemplar: Data-handling task 2 

• Curriculum content: People and their needs (gross domestic product, industrial areas, industrial development  zones [IDZ]) 
• Compliant with CAPS. 
• May be tested in the NCS and CAPS final external examination. 

GRADE 12 SBA (CAPS 2014)  DATA-HANDLING TASK  PEOPLE AND THEIR NEEDS 

TIME: 1 hour (60 minutes)   MARKS: 60  QUESTION 1  1.1 Refer to FIGURES 1A and 1B and answer the questions that follow. 

1.1.1 Define the following terms: 

• Gross domestic product (1 x 2) (2)
• Balance of trade (1 x 2) (2)

1.2 Identify the largest and the smallest contributor to the South African GDP. (2 x 2) (4) 1.3 Use FIGURE 1B to describe the trend of the South African GDP from 2010 to 2012. (1 x 2) (2) 1.4 How will the trend mentioned in QUESTION 1.3 affect South Africa’s Balance of Trade? (1 x 2) (2)  1.5 Which economic activity (primary, secondary or tertiary) in FIGURE 1A accounts for the existing trend mentioned in  QUESTION 1.3? (1 x 2) (2)  1.6 Discuss the relationship between the percentage contributed by agriculture to the South African GDP and food security  in the country. (2 x 2) (4)  1.7 FIGURE 1A indicates that the agricultural sector contributes a very small percentage to the GDP. Write a short paragraph  (approximately 12 lines) in which you account for the small contribution of the agricultural sector to the South African  GDP. (6 x 2) (12) 

2.3 Explain any TWO factors that have led to the growth and development of the industrial area referred to in QUESTION  2.2. (2 x 2) (4) 

QUESTION 3  Refer to FIGURE 3 before answering the questions below.  3.1 What is an IDZ? (1 x 2) (2) 3.2 Name the province in which the Coega IDZ is located. (1 x 2) (2) 3.3 Briefly describe TWO aims for the development of the Coega IDZ. (2 x 2) (4)  3.4 As a manufacturer of heavy earth-moving equipment for sale in Asia, explain what would encourage you to open a  factory in the Coega IDZ. (2 x 2) (4)  3.5 Suppose you are a South African government official responsible for economic development. State FOUR incen tives you would use to attract foreign investors to the Coega IDZ. (4 x 2) (8) 

[20]  GRAND TOTAL: 60

FIGURE 3: COEGA IDZ

4.2 Term 3 – Research task  Two examples of typical research tasks are provided below.  4.2.1 Learner guidelines for conducting research  Research framework for assessment (Guideline on administration of research task) 

In choosing a topic for research, isolate topics in specific areas in the Geography CAPS content that you have studied  in Grade 12. 

4.2.2 Guidelines for research  Research Task   Step 1: Formulating a hypothesis/problem statement   As Geographers we seek to understand and explain the interactions amongst humans, and between humans and the  environment in space and time. This is achieved by asking questions or making informed geographical decisions. This  entails the development of a hypothesis or a problem statement to be tested. 

• You have to choose a specific area of study where a geographical problem exists.  
• During this stage, a geographical question showing a problem is asked. 
• Identify the problem from a local area. 
• Formulate a hypothesis or a problem statement. (Hypothesis research is used to prove that certain variables  are dependent on or independent of each other. Problem statement research is only to highlight that a specific  problem exists in a specific community.)  
• You should then follow the steps of research to ensure that the geographical question is answered.  

Other possible hypothesis-type research examples: 

• The value of property along north-facing slopes is higher than the value of property along south-facing slopes in  Meyersdal, Gauteng (choose local area).  
• The cause of rural-urban migration in Ndwedwe, KwaZulu-Natal (choose local area), is the lack of service delivery  in the health sector. 
• Climate change will impact negatively on grape farming and related industries in the Western Cape. 
• The closing down of many primary schools in Lusikisiki (Eastern Cape) (choose a local area) is due to a decline  of the population in the age group 7 to 15 years. 
• The poor condition of roads (specify the names of the roads) leading to/in Harrismith, Free State (choose local  area), is due to the lack of proper planning by the local municipality. 
• The impact of building a dam along the Jukskei River in Gauteng (choose local area) upstream of Alexandra will  reduce flooding and the subsequent loss of life in Alexandra. 
• The e-toll system will impact negatively on the economic position of people using private transport in Gauteng. 
• The e-toll system will impact positively on traffic flow to the major urban centres in Gauteng. 
• Informal settlements in the Vhembe district of Limpopo have low levels of development due to the lack of provision  of basic needs (choose ONE informal settlement in your local area). 
• Overcrowding of informal settlements is due to the lack of proper planning by the local government (choose local  area). 

Step 2: Background information about an area of study 

• You must explain where in South Africa the study area is located. (This can be indicated on the map.)
• Describe the study area in terms of its exact position (degrees, minutes and seconds). 
• Provide relevant information about the area, for example population of the area or climate of the area. 

Step 3: Mapping 

• You must provide a map of the area in question. 
• During this stage you must create a buffer zone around the area where the geographical problem exists. 
• The map should have a clear legend/key and must be drawn to scale. The scale must be indicated on the map.
• If the map used covers a wider area, buffer zones around the area of study should be created.
• The map used should be the most recent map of the study area. 

Step 4: Methods of data collection 

• The use of questionnaires
• Observations
• Field trips
• Newspaper articles
• Government department statistics

Step 5: Analysis and synthesis of data 

• Use collected data now to formulate a discussion around the existing geographical problem. 
• At this stage you should represent some of the information graphically where necessary, for example graphs and  sketches. 
• Analyse graphic information during this stage. 

Step 6: Recommendations and possible solutions 

• You should now make recommendations to solve the geographical problem in question. 
• You should present your original and realistic opinions as far as you possibly can.  

Step 7: Conclusion – accept or reject the hypothesis 

• You should now take a decision to either ACCEPT or REJECT the hypothesis. 
• Give reasons for either ACCEPTING or REJECTING the hypothesis.

Step 8: Bibliography 

• You must include a comprehensive bibliography. 
• List websites in full. 
• You must include annexures of questionnaires and interviews conducted. 

Step 9: Submission 

• You must include graphs, tables, diagrams and pictures where necessary. 
• On submission, ensure that a suitable cover page is included. 

4.2.3 Compiling a bibliography for a research task 

• For a book: Author (last name, initials). Title of Book (Publishers, Date of publication). Example: Dahl, R. The BFG. (Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1982). 
• For an encyclopaedia: Encyclopaedia Title , Edition date. Volume number, ˈArticle Titleˈ, page number(s). Example: Encyclopaedia Britannica , 1997. Volume 7, ˈGorillasˈ, pp. 50–51. 
• For a magazine: Author (last name first), ˈArticle Titleˈ. Name of Magazine . Volume number, (Date): page number(s). Example: Jordan, Jennifer, ˈFilming at the Top of the Worldˈ. Museum of Science Magazine . Volume 47, No. 1, (Winter 1998): p. 11. 
• For a newspaper:  Author (last name first), ˈArticle Titleˈ. Name of Newspaper. City, state publication. (Date): Edition if available, Section,  page number(s). Example: Powers, Ann, ˈNew Tune for the Material Girlˈ. The New York Times . New York, NY.  (3/1/98): Atlantic Region, Section 2, p. 34. 
• For a website: Quote the name of the website in full and underline. Example:  http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/womens-struggle-1900-1994
• For a person:  Full name (last name first). Occupation, date of interview. Example: Smeckleburg, Sweets. Bus driver. 1 April 1996. 
• For a film/documentary:  Title, Director, Distribution, Year. Example: Braveheart, Director Mel Gibson, Icon Productions, 1995. 

4.2.4 Proposed cover page for a research task 

STATEMENT OF AUTHENTICITY  I hereby declare that ALL pieces of writing contained in this research task are my own original work and that if  I made use of any source, I have duly acknowledged it.  

Learner’s signature: __________________________________ Date: _____________

4.2.5 Exemplar: Research task 1 

• Curriculum content: Key human-environment interactions in urban areas: People and places – inner-city problems 
• One (1) research task must be done. 

Compile your research by completing the activities outlined below. 

Step 1: Formulate the hypothesis/problem statement 

• Formulate your own hypothesis based on a problem you have identified, for example: The increasing number of informal settlements (choose localised informal settlement) in and around urban areas in  South Africa has resulted in higher crime rates within the inner city due to higher unemployment. (Focus: More people  in surrounding informal settlements result in unemployment causing people to turn to crime.)  

Step 2: Background information about the study area  Give a brief introduction and description (background information) of the city (study area) you have selected in terms of: 

• Historical background 
• Population 
• Description of the location of informal settlements in relation to the inner city 
• Other relevant statistical information 
• Provide a map showing the position of the informal settlement in relation to the city that you have identified for  your research task. (It is easier to choose your local area as an area of study.) 
• The map should clearly indicate buffer zones where informal settlements are located.
• The map should include areas of the city that are regarded as crime ˈhotspotsˈ. 
• The map must have a clear legend/key. 
• The scale of the map must be indicated.

Step 4: Data collection  Collect data using at least THREE methods, for example: 

• Questionnaires 
• Interviews 
• Field trips 
• Photographs and maps 
• Literature research (newspapers, magazines, books, et cetera) 
• Internet research 
• Analyse the data that you have collected, and formulate a report on your findings. Support your findings with  graphs, photos, et cetera. 
• Briefly discuss how the existence of informal settlements contributes to crime in the inner city. 
• Briefly discuss the contribution of high unemployment rates in the informal settlement to crime in the inner city. 

Step 6: Recommendations and solutions 

• Provide suitable recommendations and solutions to the problem. 

Step 7: Conclusion – accept or reject the hypothesis  

• Based on your findings in Step 5, you may either ACCEPT or REJECT the hypothesis. 
• Give reasons for your conclusion. 
• Compile a bibliography for your research. If you have done any Internet research, you must provide the website(s)  that you have used in full. 
• Collate all your information.  
• Include a table of contents. 
• Ensure that you include a copy of the questionnaire and/or questions asked in your interviews as annexures. 
• Design a suitable cover sheet. 
• Submit your research.

4.2.6 Exemplar: Research task 2 

• Curriculum content: Physical Geography (fluvial processes) 

Choose a river close to your school or where you live as an area of study, and conduct your research by following the  steps outlined below.  Step 1: Formulate the hypothesis/problem statement 

• Formulate your own hypothesis based on a problem you have identified, for example: 

Step 2: Background information about the river under study 

• Describe the provincial location of the river. 
• Climate – particularly the amount of rainfall that is received. 
• Vegetation 
• Relief and topography 
• Underlying rock structure 
• Specify the river type, for example permanent, periodic. 
• Describe the river stage (youth, mature or old age) at your study area.  
• Provide a map showing the river being studied and the adjacent settlements.  
• Create a clear buffer zone at the part of the river that is being studied. 
• The map should have a clear key/legend. 
• Indicate the scale of the map.
• Use the above sets of data collected to determine the extent to which the river is affected by human activities. 
• Explain in detail how the identified human activities impact on the quality of water and the flow pattern of the river. 

Step 6: Recommendations and solutions  

• In your opinion as a researcher, what would be the possible solution(s) to the negative impact caused by human  activities in the river? 
• Make long-term recommendations to the government department(s) leading to legislature to protect the river.

Step 7: Conclusion – accept or reject the hypothesis

• Submit your research. 

4.2.7 Proposed marking rubric for a research task 

NAME OF LEARNER: _________________________________________________________GRADE: __________

CURRICULUM TOPIC: __________________________________________________________________________

RESEARCH TOPIC: __________________________________________________________________________

EDUCATOR NAME: ______________________________DATE OF ASSESSMENT: __________________

MODERATOR NAME: ______________________________DATE OF MODERATION: __________________

5. CONCLUSION  This document provides you with a framework to develop your own research task. It also provides you with a framework  of expectancy for data-handling tasks. The framework for data-handling tasks can also be used to prepare for external  examinations where data-handling-type questions can be asked.  A clear guideline has been developed on how to conduct research. This guideline can be applied to any topic within the  CAPS in which you wish to conduct research. The marking rubric that has been included will also provide you with a  clear guide on the time that should be spent on the various phases of doing research.  The high standard of these tasks will provide a platform for you to develop skills such as research, interpretation of  resources, integration of resources and graphs, all skills required for the final external Geography examination. These  are also skills that can be put to use at a later stage in your life.

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Tropical Cyclone Hagibis – Geography Grade 12 Research Task

On this page, we have compiled a general guide for Grade 12 Geography Students who are doing their research on Tropical Cyclone Hagabis.

In exploring the characteristics and implications of Tropical Cyclone Hagibis, this research task explores various aspects of tropical cyclones, their development, impacts, and the mitigative strategies that can be employed to minimize their destructive effects. This analysis provides insightful understanding into the dynamics of such natural disasters, particularly focusing on Tropical Cyclone Hagibis.

Overview of Tropical Cyclone Hagabis:

Tropical Cyclone Hagibis, which struck Japan in October 2019, is remembered as one of the most potent and devastating cyclones to hit the region in recent decades. Rapidly intensifying to a Category 5 super typhoon , Hagibis showcased the catastrophic potential of tropical cyclones, with its development fueled by exceptionally warm ocean temperatures and the release of immense amounts of latent heat. Making landfall on the Izu Peninsula on October 12, the cyclone brought unprecedented rainfall, leading to widespread flooding, landslides, and significant infrastructural damage. Hagibis resulted in the loss of over 80 lives, highlighted the urgent need for effective disaster preparedness and response strategies, and became a focal point for discussions on climate change’s impact on the frequency and intensity of such natural disasters.

Table of Contents

Map indicating the path of the tropical cyclone Hagabis

Map indicating the path of the tropical cyclone Hagabis:

Why do tropical cyclones develop in late summer?

Tropical cyclones predominantly develop in late summer due to the elevated sea temperatures that prevail during this period. The warm waters serve as the energy source that fuels the cyclones, facilitating the evaporation of warm, moist air that ascends, cools, and condenses to form storm systems. This process is essential for the genesis and intensification of tropical cyclones.

What is the impact of coriolis force and latent heat on the development of tropical cyclones?

The development of tropical cyclones is significantly influenced by the Coriolis force and the release of latent heat . The Coriolis force, a result of the Earth’s rotation, imparts a rotational motion to the storm, which is crucial for the cyclone’s development. Latent heat, released during the condensation of water vapor in the air, provides the energy that intensifies the storm, contributing to the tropical cyclone’s growth and power.

The stage of development of the Tropical Cyclone Hagibis

Tropical Cyclone Hagibis underwent rapid intensification, evolving from a tropical storm to a Category 5 super typhoon in an exceptionally short period. This stage of development highlights the cyclone’s explosive energy release, attributed to the immense amount of latent heat generated during the condensation process, showcasing the cyclone’s capacity for rapid growth and intensification.

Why can category 1 tropical cyclones be more destructive (damaging) than category 5 tropical cyclones?

Category 1 tropical cyclones can be more destructive than Category 5 cyclones due to several factors, including their speed, trajectory, and the specific areas they impact. A Category 1 cyclone, moving slowly over a densely populated area, can cause extensive damage through prolonged exposure to strong winds and heavy rainfall, leading to significant flooding and infrastructural damage.

How did Tropical Cyclone Hagibis impact the following?

Environment.

Tropical Cyclone Hagibis had a profound impact on the environment, causing extensive flooding and landslides. The environmental degradation included overflowed rivers, soil erosion, and significant damage to natural habitats, disrupting the ecological balance in the affected areas.

The economic ramifications of Hagibis were severe, with widespread damage to infrastructure, residential areas, and the agricultural sector. The cyclone’s destruction led to substantial economic losses, highlighting the need for effective disaster preparedness and recovery strategies.

People/Communities

The impact on people and communities was devastating, with Hagibis causing fatalities, displacements, and extensive damage to homes and community facilities. The cyclone’s effects underscored the vulnerability of communities to such natural disasters and the importance of robust emergency response and support systems.

What precautions can be implemented/ or has been implemented to reduce the impact of Tropical Cyclone Hagibis?

The local government/government of the country.

The government’s response included issuing early evacuation orders, setting up emergency shelters, and investing in meteorological technology to improve storm predictions and responses. These measures were critical in minimizing the cyclone’s impact on affected communities.

The local residents

Local residents were encouraged to engage in preparedness activities, including assembling emergency kits, formulating evacuation plans, and identifying safe shelter locations. Community-level drills and infrastructure reinforcement also played vital roles in enhancing resilience to tropical cyclones.

Evaluating the impact of Global Warming on the frequency (regularity) of tropical cyclones.

Global warming, characterized by rising sea temperatures, is likely to increase the frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones . The enhanced energy and moisture available in a warmer climate contribute to more potent and potentially more frequent tropical storms, raising the risk profile for regions prone to such natural phenomena.

Discussing the path of the tropical cyclone Hagabis

Tropical Cyclone Hagibis, notable for its rapid intensification and devastating impact , traced a path that left a significant imprint on Japan in October 2019 . This section discusses the journey of Hagibis from its formation to its landfall and the aftermath.

Formation and Intensification

Originating from a tropical depression in the Western Pacific Ocean, Hagibis escalated into a super typhoon at an unprecedented rate. Key factors contributing to its rapid growth included exceptionally warm sea temperatures and favorable atmospheric conditions, propelling it to reach Category 5 status. This phase of Hagibis highlights the dynamic and powerful nature of tropical cyclones under conducive environmental conditions.

Movement Towards Japan

As it advanced towards Japan, Hagibis started to show signs of weakening but remained a robust and extensive storm system. The approach of Hagibis was closely monitored, with meteorologists predicting significant impacts due to its size and strength. The anticipation and preparedness for Hagibis underscore the importance of early warning systems in mitigating the effects of such natural disasters.

Landfall and Impact

Making landfall on the Izu Peninsula on October 12 , Hagibis brought with it unprecedented rainfall , leading to widespread flooding , landslides , and considerable infrastructural damage . The severity of Hagibis at landfall demonstrated the destructive potential of tropical cyclones, especially in densely populated regions.

The aftermath of Hagibis was marked by a significant loss of life , with over 80 fatalities reported. The storm’s impact extended beyond immediate physical damage, affecting millions through displacement , power outages , and disrupted transportation networks . The recovery and rebuilding efforts in the wake of Hagibis underscored the resilience of the affected communities and the critical role of efficient disaster response and recovery strategies.

Conclusion/Summary

Tropical Cyclone Hagibis serves as a stark reminder of the destructive power of tropical cyclones and the critical need for comprehensive understanding, preparedness, and mitigation strategies. While natural disasters cannot be entirely prevented, improved preparedness, efficient early warning systems, and community education can significantly mitigate their impacts. Furthermore, addressing global warming’s role in the increasing severity and frequency of tropical cyclones is imperative for safeguarding vulnerable communities in the future.

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