is an mphil a phd

MPhil vs. PhD

What's the difference.

MPhil (Master of Philosophy) and PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) are both advanced degrees that require extensive research and academic work. However, there are some key differences between the two. MPhil is typically a two-year program that focuses on developing research skills and knowledge in a specific field. It involves coursework and a research project, but the level of originality and depth required is generally lower than that of a PhD. On the other hand, a PhD is a more rigorous and in-depth program that usually takes around four to six years to complete. It requires a significant contribution to the existing knowledge in the field through original research, culminating in a doctoral thesis. A PhD is considered the highest academic degree and is often a prerequisite for a career in academia or research.

Further Detail

Introduction.

When it comes to pursuing advanced degrees, two popular options that often come up are the Master of Philosophy (MPhil) and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD). Both degrees are highly regarded and can open doors to various career opportunities in academia, research, and industry. While MPhil and PhD share some similarities, they also have distinct attributes that set them apart. In this article, we will explore the key differences and similarities between MPhil and PhD programs.

Duration and Scope

One of the primary differences between MPhil and PhD programs lies in their duration and scope. Typically, an MPhil program is shorter in duration, ranging from one to two years, while a PhD program is more extensive and can take anywhere from three to five years to complete. The scope of an MPhil program is usually narrower, focusing on a specific research topic or area, whereas a PhD program requires a more comprehensive and in-depth research project that contributes to the existing body of knowledge in a particular field.

Research Emphasis

Both MPhil and PhD programs place a strong emphasis on research, but the level of research required differs significantly. In an MPhil program, the research component is less extensive, and students are expected to demonstrate a good understanding of existing literature and theories related to their chosen topic. On the other hand, a PhD program demands original research that makes a significant contribution to the field. PhD candidates are expected to conduct independent and groundbreaking research, often pushing the boundaries of knowledge in their respective disciplines.

Admission Requirements

When it comes to admission requirements, MPhil and PhD programs often have similar prerequisites. Both degrees typically require a bachelor's degree in a relevant field, along with strong academic performance and letters of recommendation. However, PhD programs tend to have more stringent admission criteria, including a higher GPA requirement and a more competitive selection process. Additionally, PhD applicants are often expected to submit a research proposal outlining their intended research topic and methodology, demonstrating their ability to undertake independent research.

Coursework and Training

Another distinction between MPhil and PhD programs lies in the coursework and training components. MPhil programs generally involve a combination of coursework and a research project, with a greater emphasis on coursework in the early stages. This coursework helps students develop a solid foundation in their field of study and provides them with the necessary theoretical knowledge and research skills. In contrast, PhD programs typically have a more limited coursework requirement, allowing students to focus primarily on their research project. The emphasis is on independent study and the development of advanced research skills.

Supervision and Mentorship

Both MPhil and PhD students benefit from supervision and mentorship, but the level of guidance and support may vary. In MPhil programs, students often work closely with a supervisor who provides guidance throughout the research process. The supervisor helps refine the research topic, offers feedback on the progress, and assists in the preparation of the final thesis. In PhD programs, while students also have a supervisor, the relationship is typically more independent. PhD candidates are expected to take more ownership of their research project and demonstrate a higher level of autonomy. However, they still receive guidance and mentorship from their supervisor, who plays a crucial role in shaping the research direction.

Thesis and Examination

Both MPhil and PhD programs culminate in the submission and defense of a thesis, but the expectations and examination processes differ. In an MPhil program, the thesis is usually shorter and focuses on summarizing and analyzing existing research in the field. The examination process often involves a presentation and a viva voce, where the student defends their work in front of a panel of examiners. In contrast, a PhD thesis is more extensive and requires original research. The examination process for a PhD typically involves a comprehensive defense of the thesis, where the candidate must demonstrate the novelty, significance, and rigor of their research. This defense is often open to the public and can be a rigorous and challenging experience.

Career Opportunities

Both MPhil and PhD degrees can lead to exciting career opportunities, but the paths may differ. An MPhil degree is often seen as a stepping stone towards a PhD or as a qualification for certain research or teaching positions. It can also be valuable for individuals seeking specialized knowledge in a particular field without committing to a more extensive research project. On the other hand, a PhD degree is highly regarded and opens doors to a wide range of career options. PhD holders often pursue academic careers as professors or researchers, but they are also sought after in industry, government, and non-profit sectors for their expertise, critical thinking skills, and ability to conduct advanced research.

In summary, while both MPhil and PhD degrees involve advanced research and contribute to the knowledge base of a particular field, they differ in terms of duration, scope, research emphasis, admission requirements, coursework, supervision, thesis expectations, and career opportunities. MPhil programs are generally shorter and have a narrower focus, while PhD programs are more extensive and demand original research. The decision between pursuing an MPhil or a PhD ultimately depends on an individual's career goals, research interests, and level of commitment to conducting independent research. Regardless of the path chosen, both degrees offer valuable opportunities for personal and professional growth.

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• Key Differences

Know the Differences & Comparisons

Difference Between M.Phil. and Ph.D.

On the other hand, M.Phil. , i.e. Master of Philosophy , is only a post-graduate degree, which is both research-based and has a syllabus too, for the coursework. In this article, you will find a complete description of the differences between M.Phil. and Ph.D.

Content: M.Phil. Vs Ph.D.

Comparison chart.

M.Phil. Programme

M.Phil. or otherwise called as Master of Philosophy is a postgraduate degree based on advanced academic research work, offered by the University. It is also considered as a second degree or intermediate degree programme between post-graduate degree and doctorate.

The total duration of the programme is two years, of which one year is coursework, followed by dissertation work, in which the learner has to refer to the research performed by the other scholars and look for latest research on the respective subject, to recreate it. The evaluation of the dissertation is done by the internal supervisor and external examiner, which will lead to viva-voce. Once the candidate qualifies the viva-voce, he/she is awarded the degree of M.Phil.

Before the final submission of the dissertation, the student has to give a seminar presentation on the research work performed.

Ph.D. Programme

PhD expands to Doctor of Philosophy, is the topmost degree awarded by any university to its scholars, who have completed their original research, in the topic or field selected. It prepares the postgraduate students for faculty and research positions at universities.

To get admission to this programme, first of all, the aspirant has to qualify certain entrance exam, in their respective subject opted for pursuing Ph.D., such as NET, GATE or similar another equivalent exam. After which he/she has to choose the University for admission to the programme, then one year of coursework needs to be completed, prior to the confirmation of PhD registration. After that they become eligible for the submission of the thesis, after two years from the date registration is confirmed.

By the end of the first year of the programme, the scholar needs to consult with the supervisor, regarding the identification, preparation and submission of the synopsis. The topic of the research work must be an approved one.

Once the thesis is complete under the guidance of the supervisor, the scholar has to give two seminar presentations, followed by the submission of the thesis, to the relevant committee. Next, the thesis will then be sent to the examiner for the purpose of evaluation. If the examiners so appointed recommend the acceptance of the degree, then the thesis needs to be published in the research journal.

After publishing it, the candidate is required to defend the thesis in the viva-voce, in front of the panel of examiners. On the successful completion of the viva, the scholar is recommended for awarding the degree.

Key Differences Between M.Phil. And Ph.D.

The difference between M.Phil and PhD can be drawn clearly on the following grounds:

• M.Phil. is described as a second master’s degree course, that is pursued by the students to gain full-fledged knowledge on the subject and also provides a platform for advanced research. In contrast, Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated as PhD is a professional degree course, that allows the degree holder to get a faculty position and teach the respective subject at the university level, or work in that field.
• The m.phil programme is a two years course, whereas the minimum time duration to complete PhD is three years but the time can extend depending on the submission and acceptance of the thesis.
• While stipend is not paid in M.Phil., in PhD fellowship is awarded to the student as a stipend, for conducting research work.
• In M.Phil. programme, the course includes research basics. Conversely, in the PhD programme, the students are required to produce their own original work and perform research in a particular field.
• The programme structure of M.Phil. has two components, i.e. coursework and the dissertation work which is performed under the guidance of the expert. On the contrary, PhD programme encompasses the coursework, for one year, followed by thesis work under the guidance of the expert supervisor.

At the end of the discussion, it can be said that M.Phil. is a less advanced research degree as compared to Ph.D., because in M.Phil. The student can read a model research paper and go through the latest researches made on the subject to recreate it. But, in case of PhD, the research work moves around the concept of creating something new and original to the subject, for which continuous experiment and studies is to be performed by the student, under the guidance of the supervisor.

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What is an MPhil Degree? Master of Philosophy explained vs Doctor of Philosophy

Welcome to our comprehensive blog about the Master of Philosophy (MPhil) degree.

The Master of Philosophy (MPhil) is a postgraduate degree that focuses on independent research within a specific academic field, culminating in a detailed dissertation. It serves as both a standalone research degree and a stepping stone towards a Ph.D., equipping students with advanced research skills and knowledge for a potential career in academia or research.

If you’re interested in pursuing an advanced postgraduate research degree, this page will explain everything you need to know about the MPhil programme.

We cover its course structure, the main difference between an MPhil and a PhD, how an MPhil may serve as a standalone degree or a stepping stone towards a PhD program, and how it differs from an MSc .

From independent research to a detailed dissertation, this course offers a rigorous training in research methods for those aspiring to build a career in research.

Whether you’re an undergraduate, a bachelor’s degree holder, or a master’s graduate considering a transition to the MPhil course, this blog provides valuable information to help you qualify for this exciting journey.

What is a Master of Philosophy Program? 

The Master of Philosophy (MPhil) is a postgraduate degree that provides students with advanced research skills and knowledge in a specialized field of study.

It’s a stepping stone towards a Ph.D. programme, serving as a prerequisite in some cases, or can be a standalone research degree. 

An MPhil course is typically a two-year program where candidates undertake a project and produce a detailed dissertation, which is an extensive piece of research.

This rigorous research focus sets the MPhil apart from other master’s courses. MPhil candidates are expected to present and defend their research findings, thereby acquiring critical skills necessary for a career in research. 

The MPhil degree can be an end in itself, but often, it’s seen as a pathway to a Ph.D. program, similar to how a Master of Arts in Philosophy can lead to further academic pursuits. While both are research degrees, a Ph.D. requires a significant and original contribution to knowledge, whereas an MPhil is seen as a precursor to this level of in-depth scholarship.

The MPhil could be an excellent option for individuals who aim to pursue a doctorate and develop their research competence before fully committing to the larger task of a Ph.D. program.

This program used to be very rare but is now becoming more popular and has seen rapid growth in some areas . Growth Of MPhil And PhD Theses In LIS By Decades:

Entry Requirements for MPhil

Entry Requirements for MPhil: Just talking with any prospective supervisor is normally enough to get the ball rolling and start your journey in the MPhil degree. 

Students often must pass an oral examination with members of the department demonstrating proficiency in the subject to the undergraduate level . 

Typically, applicants are master’s degree holders aspiring to pursue a doctoral program .

Additionally, applicants must provide  letters of recommendation and show proficiency in the English language . 

An MPhil degree – A case study

Case Study: An MPhil Student’s Journey

Our subject, who we will call Student X, was a graduate student enrolled in a two-year MPhil program at a renowned university, aiming to gain advanced research skills before embarking on a Ph.D. program. Student X wanted to explore their field of interest thoroughly before making a long-term commitment to a doctorate. 

In the first few months, Student X found the transition challenging, as the program demanded greater independence compared to their previous masters course. However, they were supported by their academic supervisor and peers, which helped them gain momentum. They spent most of their time in the university’s extensive libraries, reading and studying to build their knowledge base.

During their MPhil course, Student X took part in numerous seminars and workshops to develop their research skills. They learned how to frame research questions, design studies, and analyze data. These skills were put to the test when they embarked on their dissertation project, an intense period of independent study. 

The rigorous focus on research presented challenges; there were moments of self-doubt and stress, but also immense satisfaction and intellectual growth. Their dissertation process taught them resilience and the ability to solve problems independently, skills they realized were essential for a career in research.

Student X found the MPhil program to be incredibly rewarding. The comprehensive academic resources, mentorship from leading scholars, and the opportunity to engage in deep, exploratory research helped them grow academically and personally. They felt more prepared and less daunted by the idea of a Ph.D. program, acknowledging the MPhil experience as a vital stepping-stone to their doctorate journey.

Student X would recommend the MPhil course to anyone considering a research degree, as it provides a comprehensive understanding of what a career in research might entail.

What’s the difference between an MPhil and a PhD? Both with thesis?

The main difference between an MPhil and a PhD lies in their scope, duration, and the level of contribution to the field. An MPhil, or Master of Philosophy, typically takes two years to complete and requires coursework, exams, and a dissertation based on the student’s research. It is often seen as a standalone degree that helps develop strong research skills and can act as a stepping stone towards a PhD.

On the other hand, a PhD, or Doctor of Philosophy, is a more intensive research degree that can take up to four years or more to complete.

The aim of a PhD program is to make a significant and original contribution to knowledge in the chosen field, culminating in a thesis based on the research undertaken.

In the context of MPhil vs PhD, a key distinction is that while the MPhil equips students with advanced research skills in a shorter time frame, a PhD is often necessary for careers in academia or high-level research positions.

Deciding between the two would depend on your career goals, time commitment, and financial situation.

Is an MPhil Better than An MSc?

Whether an MPhil (Master of Philosophy) is better than an MSc (Master of Science) largely depends on the career path and objectives of the postgraduate student planning to undertake either qualification.

Academically, an MPhil is more advanced, considered a ‘mini-PhD’ as it sits above an MSc and below a PhD in the academic hierarchy.

Therefore, if the goal is to progress into advanced research or academia, undertaking an MPhil degree could be a stepping stone towards a PhD degree, making it a better choice in such instances.

Conversely, an MSc can be a more industry-oriented qualification, focusing on the practical application of knowledge within the workplace.

For those seeking to deepen their skills for a profession in industry rather than going into a PhD, an MSc might be a more suitable choice.

The ‘better’ qualification is subjective, determined by individual career goals and ambitions.

It’s crucial to thoroughly understand the intent and outcome of both degrees before choosing which one to pursue.

Wrapping up – What potential MPhil Students need to know

The Master of Philosophy (MPhil) is a postgraduate research degree, distinctively defined by its intensive focus on advanced research. MPhil, short for Master of Philosophy, is a qualification that gives students an opportunity to dig deep into their area of interest and develop robust research skills, significantly beneficial for those contemplating a doctorate, or PhD program. 

An MPhil course typically spans two years, filled with rigorous coursework and a research-driven dissertation. Its research methods are what set it apart from other master degrees like the MSc (Master of Science), which is more aligned towards industry-specific knowledge and practical application. 

Choosing between an MPhil and MSc depends on your career trajectory. For those aspiring for a career in academia or advanced research, the MPhil could serve as a ‘mini-PhD’, a precursor to the doctoral journey. In contrast, the MSc could be a better fit for those seeking to strengthen their professional skills for industry roles.

Part-time and full-time options are available for this program, offering flexibility to suit various circumstances. The culmination of the MPhil degree is the ‘viva’, a defense of your dissertation, a testament to the profound postgraduate research undertaken. 

Whether it’s an end in itself or a stepping stone to a PhD, an MPhil degree can be an enriching and rewarding journey, providing an essential foundation for those keen on entering the world of research.

Master of Philosophy FAQ

What is a master of philosophy (mphil) degree.

A Master of Philosophy (often abbreviated as MPhil ) is an advanced postgraduate research degree that involves the completion of a thesis or dissertation based on original research in a specific field of study.

How is an MPhil different from a PhD?

While both an MPhil and a PhD are advanced research degrees, a PhD typically requires more extensive original research and is considered a higher academic qualification than an MPhil.

What does a Master of Philosophy program involve?

A Master of Philosophy program usually includes a combination of coursework and independent research projects culminating in the submission of a thesis or dissertation .

Can I pursue a Master of Philosophy part-time?

Yes, many universities offer degree programs such as the Master of Philosophy in Liberal Arts and the Master of Arts in Philosophy. part-time options for completing a Master of Philosophy program, allowing students to balance their studies with other commitments.

What are the entry requirements for a Master of Philosophy program?

The entry requirements for a Master of Philosophy program may vary by institution, but typically include a relevant undergraduate degree and demonstrated proficiency in the English language .

What are the potential career outcomes with a Master of Philosophy qualification?

Graduates with a Master of Philosophy qualification may pursue careers in academia, research institutions, government, or other fields that value advanced research and critical thinking skills.

Is it possible to upgrade from a Master of Philosophy to a PhD program?

Some institutions may offer the opportunity for students with an MPhil degree to upgrade to a PhD program based on their academic performance and research potential.

Can I specialize in a specific area of study within a Master of Philosophy program?

Yes, it is the most common way to pursue a MPhil. 

Dr Andrew Stapleton has a Masters and PhD in Chemistry from the UK and Australia. He has many years of research experience and has worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow and Associate at a number of Universities. Although having secured funding for his own research, he left academia to help others with his YouTube channel all about the inner workings of academia and how to make it work for you.

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• The MPhil to PhD Upgrade

Written by Hannah Slack

The PhD upgrade is when new doctoral students who are initially registered for an MPhil transfer to the status of a PhD candidate. The process is common in the UK, but sometimes occurs in other countries too. It usually involves a formal exam or ‘upgrade viva’ towards the end of the first year.

The PhD upgrade is an important stage in your PhD . This page looks at the MPhil to PhD upgrade in more detail, explaining the examination process and assessment, and offering a couple of tips to guide you through.

On this page

What is a phd upgrade.

Most PhD students begin their programmes registered for a Master of Philosophy (MPhil) degree. As its name suggests, this is a Masters-level research qualification. Once you have met the academic requirements of your chosen institution you will be upgraded from MPhil registration to the status of a full PhD candidate .

This process can have several different names, depending upon your institution: It may be referred to as a 'confirmation review', 'MPhil upgrade', 'PhD upgrade' or 'PhD transfer'. These usually all refer to the same process.

International study

The MPhil upgrade process described on this page is common at UK universities. Other countries may have a similar type of assessment or 'confirmation' process for students part-way through a PhD. You can find more information in our guides to PhD study abroad .

When is the PhD upgrade?

Different institutions will have different regulations for the length of registration on the MPhil and time of completion of the upgrade . It is best to check directly with your prospective university.

There are different regulations for full-time and part-time students:

• Full-time – For full-time students, the upgrade typically takes place after between nine and 18 months
• Part-time – For part time students, the upgrade typically takes place after between 15 months and two years .

Most institutions offer students two chances to pass the upgrade assessment; the initial assessment and a resit . The resit must be completed within six months of the initial assessment.

Successful MPhil upgrade

If you transfer onto a PhD by upgrading successfully from the MPhil, this doesn't normally mean you will be granted an MPhil qualification. The standalone MPhil is a separate research degree with its own assessment process, you can search for MPhil vacancies on FindAMasters .

What does the upgrade involve?

Your upgrade will normally be conducted by a panel of assessors . This will probably include the person responsible for administering your PhD programme (the Graduate Director or Graduate Tutor) as well as other experts from within your department or research group.

Your PhD supervisor will usually be present at the upgrade exam but won’t be one of your assessors.

What must I complete to upgrade?

There are typically several components to the upgrade process that the assessor/s will review in order to decide the final outcome:

• Supervisor's comments – This can be a formal report of the work you have conducted or general comments on your capability as a PhD researcher.
• Your upgrade report – A formal report you will write, detailing your project, work done and work you will do. In some fields this may also include draft work (such as a first chapter of your thesis).
• Your report viva – This is the oral examination , where you will defend your report, ideas and any work conducted.

These components are all in place to ensure that the assessor(s) can make an informed decision as to whether you will be able to successfully complete a PhD thesis.

The MPhil to PhD upgrade report

The most important task you will complete ahead of your upgrade will be the preparation of an upgrade report . This will reflect the work you have done so far and make a case for your topic’s potential as a full PhD project.

The contents of the report will vary depending upon your institution, department, and discipline; however, usually you will be required to cover most of the following:

• Literature review – this will consider existing literature in both your chosen, and related fields, providing context for the new work your project will do
• Research question – the question you have chosen to answer in your research with hypotheses supported with research/evidence
• Research techniques – the methodology behind your project; an analysis of the methods you will be using to conduct your research
• Results – this can either be a chapter or a couple of short chapters displaying the work you have currently done towards your thesis objectives
• Future work – a summary of ideas or a timetabled plan of work you will be doing towards your thesis in the future
• References – a bibliography including all the sources you have used in your report, and during your research so far

Referencing

Make sure you check your university and department’s standard referencing style, as it may be different to one you have used in previous degrees.

The MPhil to PhD upgrade viva

The PhD upgrade viva is an oral presentation , defending your work and research ideas. The viva allows your department to ascertain that you meet all their assessment criteria and will be able to complete PhD research to a high standard in the allotted time-frame.

This PhD upgrade presentation will be different to your final PhD viva (defending your entire research project) – it is typically much shorter in duration – usually 30-60 minutes is scheduled, rather than 2-3 hours (sometimes more).

The upgrade viva assessment board

The procedures for the upgrade viva assessment board differ between institutions and disciplines, but usually the board will be comprised of one or two assessors:

• One assessor – This will be your secondary supervisor/independent advisor. An internal examiner in a different field – but with relevant expertise – to your primary supervisor.
• Two assessors – In this case the secondary supervisor usually chairs the assessment along with another member of academic staff. In some institutions this resembles a PhD viva, as the second member of staff is external.

Some institutions have an upgrade panel, which will have more than two assessors.

Contents of the PhD upgrade viva

The most important thing to remember in the viva, is that you need to show your topic and ideas are manageable as a PhD project. As projects are time-limited (especially funded ones) – but open ended – you must have a plan of how you will achieve your research aims in the allotted time. You also need to show that you are on track to do so. The MPhil upgrade exam is designed to test this.

The assessors will have read your report and will typically flag up things they are unsure of or are interested in and want to learn more about.

The viva gives you a chance to discuss your work , defend what you have done and talk through future ideas with academics, giving you the opportunity to get input from other researchers in different fields.

Although the upgrade viva is typically more informal than the final PhD viva, you should prepare for it in the same way; as a formal professional interview or assessment.

The PhD upgrade top tips

It may seem like a daunting process to you, considering a PhD , but worrying about the assessment processes.

There are a number of things you can do in preparation:

• Get ahead before you begin – If you have an idea of the field you want to do your PhD in already, begin to familiarise yourself with research (literature/books) in that area.
• Present, present and present again – There is no better way to understand your work you are doing, than to summarise and explain it to a group of peers or academics.
• Become aware of the upgrade process – Read the assessment criteria; make sure you have met any other requirements for your department such as modules and courses.
• Write as you work – The last thing you want is to come to a week before submission and have to rush your report; writing it as you go along will save you time and stress .
• Use the help offered – Universities usually put on thesis and viva workshops you can attend. Also have regular meetings with your supervisor to ensure you understand your research.
• Mock viva situation – If you are part of a research group they could read your report and ask questions they think you may be asked. This can help you prepare and calm nerves.
• Research your assessors – Familiarise yourself with your assessor’s research. Brush up on their strengths as they may ask relating questions, which won’t catch you out if you’re prepared.

Typical upgrade viva questions

Some of the questions at your MPhil upgrade will obviously be related to your specific discipline (and project). Others will be more general, aiming to assess the progress and prospects for your PhD. You will probably be asked some or all of the following:

• Can you summarise the work in your report?
• What are the main issues/debates in your field of research?
• How do gaps in the literature tie in with your current research aims?
• How have you ensured your research is ethical ?
• Specific result related questions – this is where you will defend the work you have done so far.
• Why have you used this method ?
• What future research will you do to meet your project aims ?
• What could you do to improve your research ?
• How will you complete the project within the PhD programme time-frame ?

Remember that your MPhil viva is there to check your progress, not to test your final PhD. Your supervisor will be there to help you prepare. They will read drafts of your report and can offer advice on questions you may be asked.

The MPhil upgrade assessment criteria

Each university and department will have different assessment criteria you must meet before you can upgrade to PhD student status.

Some institutions may require you to take specific modules or safety courses in order to move on to PhD research. However, there are a number of typical criteria the assessors will be looking for:

• Commitment to research – you must show you are committed to completing a PhD programme, it is intense research and the assessor needs to be sure you’re invested in doing it
• A well-thought out research plan – this will include your research questions, aims and hypothesis; as well as, a plan for the direction of the future work in your project
• Sufficient skill development – DTP/CDTs usually have compulsory training days; and, departments may have technical, safety and generic research training modules you must complete
• Monthly reports/student logs – typically a student log will be a monthly report including: the research you have done that month, monthly supervisor meeting notes and supervisor’s comments
• Field awareness – it is essential as an independent researcher that you are aware of relevant research in your field; this may be done in a detailed review of relevant literature
• Research ethics consideration – usually you will be required to complete ethics modules to ensure you complete your research ethically
• Research progress – you must show you have made some progress towards your thesis aims, in the form of experimental research or literature research depending upon discipline

All these above points will be used to analyse whether you will be able to complete: novel research, effectively, to a PhD standard, in the allotted time-frame of your project

Research ethics

Make sure you check research ethical guidelines in line with your research, as some experiments require ethical approval. For example, animal testing and psychological experiments involving human participants.

Upgrade review outcomes

The assessment criteria are used to decide whether you can upgrade to PhD status or not. The departments Graduate Director will oversee your assessment and update your final result.

Usually there are three possible outcomes to the upgrade review process:

• Unconditional pass – you are upgraded to PhD immediately following the viva
• Refer for further review – you may receive minor report corrections you need to make within a designated time frame; or, major report corrections requiring a full resit of the upgrade process. Resits have to be completed within six months of the initial assessment
• Failure to upgrade – The assessors review your status on the entire programme. There are two possible outcomes: withdrawal from the programme completely or remain registered on the MPhil

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The PhD is the most common variety of doctorate, but others are awarded in specific disciplines or sometimes particular countries.

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Integrated PhD programmes consist of a one-year Masters followed by three years of PhD research. Find out more about what it's like to study an integrated PhD, how to apply and the funding options available.

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A PhD isn't the only option for postgraduate researchers. Our guides explain professional doctorates, joint degrees and compare other qualification types.

How does the value of an MPhil compare with a PhD, and why might you choose the Masters over the doctorate?

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Most Cambridge MPhils have taught elements and you will be part of a cohort of students, although a few are research programmes examined by thesis and oral only.

Nearly all MPhils with taught elements are one-year full-time courses. It is also possible to study a small number of MPhils part-time over two years.

MPhils are assessed in a variety of ways: these can include essays of 3,000 - 10,000 words; perhaps a dissertation; possibly a timed examination; and in some cases an oral examination on your coursework and/or dissertation and the field of knowledge in which it falls.

Both types of MPhil provide an excellent transition to full-scale PhD research. They introduce you to research skills and specialist knowledge, and an MPhil dissertation may be a valuable introductory experience in the preparation of and work on a research dissertation. In fact, in some subjects, an MPhil is a prerequisite for continuing on to research work.

There is no automatic continuation from an MPhil to a PhD - an application must be made to 'continue', and a suitable supervisor must be identified. If an offer of admission to the PhD is made, it will be conditional on your performance in the MPhil, as well as on providing evidence of your ability to fund your PhD studies. Other conditions may also be specified.

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• MPhil vs MSc – Differences Explained
• Types of Doctorates

On first glances, the difference between an MPhil and an MSc may appear marginal, but this couldn’t be further from the truth.

While both degrees are a postgraduate Masters qualification, they’re designed for two opposite career paths – an MSc for a career in industry, and an MPhil for a career in research or on the way to a PhD. Learning the differences between the two forms of postgraduate study will allow you to make an informed decision about your next steps and offer a clearer path to your ideal career.

This page will give you an understanding of what an MPhil and MSc are, their differences, and ultimately, which of the two degrees is better suited for you.

What Is an MPhil?

An MPhil is an advanced postgraduate degree short for Master of Philosophy . The degree is typically undertaken after an undergraduate degree by those who wish to gain specialised knowledge in original research. Although discussed later, it’s important to distinguish between the two ways an MPhil may be undertaken as we will only focus on one of them for reasons you will see.

An MPhil can be undertaken as either:

• a  standalone degree lasting two years. Successful completion of this research degree will lead to being awarded a Master of Philosophy.
• (1) their research skills are considered suitable and their MPhil programme is upgraded to a PhD programme, or
• (2) their research skills are considered unsuitable, but they have the opportunity to complete the second year of their MPhil programme to be awarded a Master of Philosophy.

While the MPhils from both routes will be identical, it’s likely that if you’re trying to weigh up the differences between an MPhil and an MSc, you would be more interested in the standalone MPhil route given its greater similarities to an MSc. Because of this, we’ll mainly focus on the standalone path in comparing an MPhil to an MSc. We recommend you read our full guide to an MPhil if you’re interested in undertaking one as a precursor to a PhD.

What Is an MSc?

An MSc is a Master’s degree short for Master of Science . Like an MPhil, they’re typically undertaken shortly after completing an undergraduate course such as a Bachelor’s degree. While MPhil courses are available in nearly all fields, MSc’s are exclusive to STEM-based subjects, such as engineering, physics and maths.

An MSc may sound like a specialist degree reserved for a few career paths, however, they’re a common Masters course taught in most universities. Regardless of your subject or university, an MSc is typically a one-year course and aims to increase your knowledge of specific topics within your field.

MPhil vs MSc – Differences Explained

An MPhil and an MSc may seem similar – both are postgraduate Master’s degrees, both are typically undertaken after an undergraduate degree, and both are available to STEM students. Yet, there is a crucial difference between the two; and this difference will likely be the deciding factor in which degree is best for you.

This difference is your intended career path .

The degrees target two different professions; an MSc a profession in industry and an MPhil a profession in research. To make this possible, the degrees set out to provide you with a unique set of skills and specialised knowledge.

As an MSc is aimed at those wishing to develop a career in industry, it focuses on providing practical knowledge which has uses within the workplace. Therefore, while theoretical-related concepts may be taught, they will form a small part of your learning material with the focus instead on practical topics. For example, a civil engineering student may undertake an MSc in Construction Project Management ; here, topics from resource planning to cost and risk management would be covered.

Finding a PhD has never been this easy – search for a PhD by keyword, location or academic area of interest.

Unlike an MSc, which although may contain research-based components depending on the university, an MPhil is almost always a research-only degree. As a result, the degree is mainly undertaken by those who wish to pursue a research-based profession.

As discovered earlier, an MPhil may also be undertaken as a precursor to a PhD by those who wish to have a career in advanced research or academia. Where an MSc focuses on broader knowledge around several specialised subject areas, an MPhil focuses on a specific research question, within a specialised topic. In other words, it goes a level of specialisation deeper than an MSc. For example, had the previous civil engineering student opted for an MPhil instead of an MSc, their study and therefore resulting knowledge may have centred around ‘how risk management may better be managed through the use of technology’. It’s for this reason most consider an MPhil a ‘mini-PhD’ and an MSc as a specialised ‘addon’ to an undergraduate degree.

MPhil vs MSc: Table Summarising Differences

Is an MPhil Better than An MSc?

Academically, an MPhil is the most advanced Masters qualification you can obtain. For this reason, it sits above an MSc but below a PhD in terms of course difficulty, and ‘academic prestige’ if such a thing even exists.

However, you would be mistaken to think this makes an MPhil degree better or more valuable than an MSc degree. In truth, we’ve seen how both degrees meet the different long-term requirements of the postgraduate student undertaking them. Therefore, the better question would be ‘which degree is better suited for you?’.

If your goal is to gain practical knowledge which you can apply to your industry, then an MSc is likely for you. On the other hand, if your goal is to have a profession in education or research, an MPhil will likely be the better option, especially as a precursor to a PhD degree.

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Master of Philosophy (MPhil)

What is an mphil.

An MPhil is an advanced postgraduate research degree. It is ideal for students who are not able to commit to the period of study required for doctoral research.

What will I get from an MPhil?

You will gain a significant grounding in research methods and skills that will equip you to enter a career as a professional in your field, or to continue your studies to complete a PhD. You will get a massive sense of personal achievement. Our training programmes will help you develop transferable skills invaluable in your future career. The research techniques and methodologies you master will enable you to directly contribute to advancing knowledge in your particular subject area.

After exploring The Open University online prospectus, you may wish to visit Vitae: researcher careers . Vitae is the UK organisation championing the personal, professional and career development of researchers.

How does it work?

Duration and pattern of study.

An MPhil may be offered on either a full-time or a part-time basis, with a maximum study period of 36 months for full-time study or 72 months for part-time study.

Once you have completed your research you must write a 60,000-word thesis, which you submit and then defend via an oral examination (a viva). The thesis will demonstrate your proficiency in research methods, knowledge and understanding, and a critical evaluation of your academic subject area. Your thesis must meet the expectations specified in the Quality Code .

Entry requirements

Applicants should normally hold, or be expecting to obtain, a bachelors degree with at least first or upper-second class honours, or an equivalent qualification. However, entry requirements differ between academic areas, and sometimes a taught masters degree is also required. The research topic pages (within research areas ) give details of specific entry requirements, and provide contact details to discuss your suitability for the MPhil.

English language proficiency

In order to study with us, you will need to have a good command of English. If your first language is not English, you will need to demonstrate your competence in the English Language in all four elements (reading, writing, listening and speaking). The University requires a minimum IELTS score of 6.5 with no less than 6.0 in any of the four categories (or approved equivalent). You should have your level of proficiency certified through a provider approved by UK Visas and Immigration and provide your certificate and grade with your application.

Application closing date

Entry may be permitted for direct registration with The Open University at the following points of year: October and February. This ensures that students benefit from development and training in peer groups.

For further information on how to apply see our Application process section. Application deadlines may differ between research topics and studentships; full information about the application period for the topic you’re interested is detailed in the research topic pages (within research areas ).

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For advice about applying for a research degree, or sponsoring a research student, email the Graduate School or call +44 (0)1908 653806.

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London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine

Mphil and phd - research degrees, the mphil and phd are aimed at students who anticipate a career in which research plays a major role and who want to focus on an independent piece of research..

LSHTM provides a stimulating environment with state-of-the-art facilities in which to carry out research training in three academic faculties: Epidemiology and Population Health, Infectious and Tropical Diseases and Public Health and Policy.

MPhil/PhDs are very diverse: they may be desk-based, or include laboratory work or field work, but there are some common elements. You will be working on a health-related topic with advice from a supervisory team of academics. You will be encouraged to attend transferable skills and other courses, but these do not contribute to the formal assessment (unlike PhDs in some other countries). The examination of both MPhil and PhD is based on an oral examination ( viva ) of a written “thesis”. At LSHTM we encourage students to publish their work, and your thesis (maximum 100,000 words) may be a combination of chapters and published papers.

All PhD students initially register for an MPhil. Toward the end of the first year (second year if part-time), there is a formal upgrading process, with a written report (maximum 7,500 words), a seminar and an assessment panel in which two independent assessors explore the research plans with student. This provides feedback to improve the research, and identifies any students who may choose to, or may be better suited to, continue with an MPhil degree rather than transferring to a PhD. For students intending to stay registered for the MPhil the procedures are similar, with a formal review instead of the “upgrading”.

All students have a first supervisor and a second supervisor (who will be identified before registration) and may have further members in their supervisory team. They provide advice and guidance throughout the degree. Students will be in contact with their supervisor(s) at least once a month (full-time) or once every two months (part-time).

Students are expected to spend a minimum of 9 months in London over the course of the programme, usually including the first 3 months after registration. This is to enable students to benefit from the School’s academic environment and gain any training required for successful completion of their doctoral work including the opportunity to take relevant modules from LSHTM masters’ programmes to cover particular skills. Most students spend longer than this in London. Note that students without previous academic training in their discipline of interest will usually be advised to undertake an appropriate MSc as a first step before registering for a PhD.

Typically, a full time student might spend the first year in London, until after upgrading. In the second year, students continue laboratory work or carry out data collection/fieldwork either at or away from LSHTM. In the third year, students analyse and write up their research to prepare the thesis for submission. The final thesis should be submitted within 4 years (full time) or 8 years (part time).

LSHTM Research

LSHTM’s wide-ranging research programmes examine ways of improving and promoting health and health services and investigate the fundamental biology of pathogens and pathogenesis, and the aetiology, diagnosis, prevention and control of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Research covers a wide range of topics and areas; these can be found by looking at the Research by Faculty (and clicking on the individual Departments), or at the cross-Faculty Academic Centres .  Many research programmes are carried out in collaboration with institutions outside the UK. Such collaborative work enhances the quality of the training experience and is one of the unique aspects of training at LSHTM.

Part-time study

LSHTM requires students who apply for part-time study to be available to study for at least two days per week (not including weekends). A letter from your employer is required to confirm that at least two days per week will be permitted for work on your degree.

Part-time students who are employed at one of LSHTM's specifically approved institutions may be able to carry out their research at their place of employment under the guidance of a supervisor at LSHTM.

PhD by Publication

This route is only available to staff members of LSHTM. The PhD by Publication, comprises a minimum of four linked peer-reviewed publications and a doctoral commentary. Consult the Programme Specification for details and how to apply.

Those interested in applying for MPhil/PhD study should refer to the How to Apply section. Registration for MPhil and PhD programmes takes place at three points in the academic year only, on the first day of each term. The entry points are normally in September, January and April. 

Free online course

Is a PhD right for me? is a free online course co-developed by LSHTM as part of the Bloomsbury Learning Exchange. The course topics include considering doctoral study, applying for doctoral study and life during doctoral study.

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• Doctoral scholarships and funding opportunities

Academic requirements

A student must normally satisfy the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine general entrance requirements as follows:

The normal  minimum  entrance qualification for registration at the School on a MPhil/PhD programme is evidence of an aptitude for research and at least one of the following:

• a master’s degree in a subject appropriate to the course of study to be followed  (recommended)
• a qualification appropriate to the course of study to be followed, in medicine, dentistry or veterinary studies
• an upper second-class honours degree from a UK university, or an overseas qualification of an equivalent standard, in a relevant subject.

English language requirements

If English is not your first language, you will need to meet these requirements:  Band B

Please see our  English Language Requirements FAQs  for information

Applying for a Research Degree can be a lengthy process and requires some preparation. Please allow plenty of time between submitting your application and your intended start date – we recommend at least 12 weeks. If you require a visa to study in the UK, you should also allow at least an additional 4 weeks for the visa application process. It may take considerably longer. If you are applying for a funded studentship you may need to start thinking almost a year in advance.

If you are not applying for an advertised funded project, you may find the following guidelines helpful.

Check that you meet the entry requirements

Please check the entry requirement section.  

Decide which Research Degree programme you want to apply for

LSHTM offers different Research Degree options: MPhil, PhD, and DrPH.  Read the   information online  to help you decide which research degree is right for you. 

Clarify your research topic and research opportunities

There are two main types of research degree opportunities:

• Studentships  - Funded PhD studentships will be advertised on our  Research Funding page . Each studentship will stipulate its own application process and entrance requirements. Many will be for specific research topics.  
• Jobs at LSHTM with opportunities to do a PhD  - Some academic jobs will allow you to do a PhD alongside your work, if it is closely related to the work itself. This should be mentioned in the job details. Or, if it is not mentioned, and the job does not require the candidate to have a doctorate already, you could email the contact person to ask. All  jobs at LSHTM are advertised.  
• PhD by Publication – Only available to existing staff members of LSHTM (see programme specification for details)  
• Speculative opportunities  - Students, who meet the entrance requirements, are encouraged to be proactive to identify opportunities with LSHTM academics whose recent research closely matches their interests. Candidates who have a clear research topic are more likely to identify a suitable supervisor quickly.

You may already have ideas for how you could be funded, or this may be something that you could explore with a potential supervisor (see below).

Identify a prospective supervisor

You do not have to name a supervisor on your application, but it is more likely to be processed quickly if you already have one in mind and you have been in contact with them before you submit the formal application. Use the website to look at research taking place across the School and identify the members of staff who would be most appropriate for your area of interest. See Before you apply for information on finding and writing to a prospective supervisor.

Think about how your Research Degree will be funded

You will need to consider how the Research Degree will be funded – tuition fees, living expenses and project costs. The School website contains some further information on potential  sources of funding . Some candidates apply for a place via studentships advertised by the School. Others manage to secure funding from elsewhere prior to applying, and some submit funding applications at the same time as applying for the research degree.

Draft a research proposal outline

Unless applying for a studentship with a project which has already been defined, applicants are expected to submit a research proposal with their application. Once you have a clear research topic, outline your proposal in a few paragraphs. This should include:

• Research / topic area
• Specific research question(s)
• Study design
• Data collection methods and analysis
• Research costs

Please be aware that the research proposal submitted with your application does not have to be the final research project: if and when you are offered a place, you will have the opportunity to refine your project through discussions with your supervisor. The main purpose of the proposal is to demonstrate that you have the necessary critical thinking skills, an understanding of the relevant research area, and an appreciation of the demands of a Research Degree.

Submit a formal application

If you have been successful in identifying a prospective supervisor and have been encouraged to apply, please see the  Research Degrees Application section online   for further details about how to apply.

Please also read  LSHTM's Admissions policies   prior to submitting your application.

It is still possible to submit an application without a named supervisor, but please be aware that the application may take longer to process.

Paper application forms are available upon request and will normally incur an administration fee of £50. You must send a copy of the personal details and photograph page of your passport with all paper applications.  Your application will not be considered until you have provided the above documents. 

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MPhil is no longer a recognised degree: What does it mean for students?

The University Grants Commission has declared the Master of Philosophy degree offered at all universities no longer legitimate. The move is in line with the National Education Policy 2020. After the discontinuation, postgraduates who want to continue a career in academia will have to pursue a PhD

On Wednesday, the University Grants Commission (UGC) issued a notification cautioning students against pursuing Master of Philosophy (MPhil) programmes from Indian universities.

The development comes after it cancelled the course, despite which some universities persist in offering it.

Why is the MPhil no longer a valid degree? What’s next for students who wish to pursue a career in academia or research? Let’s take a closer look.

MPhil is no longer a recognised degree

Higher education institutions were instructed not to offer MPhil programmes, as the commission had previously announced that advanced research course offered at all universities would no longer be legitimate, according to NDTV .

Additionally, the university authorities have been asked to take steps immediately to stop accepting new students into the MPhil programme for the 2023–2024 academic year.

As a result, universities throughout the country — except Tamil Nadu and Karnataka — ceased offering the programme, as per Telegraph India .

Thus, in an official notification issued on Wednesday, the UGC stated, “It has come to the notice of the UGC that a few universities are inviting fresh applications for MPhil (Master of Philosophy) programme. In this regard, it is to bring to the notice that the MPhil degree is not a recognised degree.”

The notification emphasised Regulation No. 14 of the UGC (Minimum Standards and Procedures for Award of PhD Degree) Regulations 2022, which clearly prohibits higher educational institutions from offering MPhil programmes.

Notably, the nation is seeing a large increase in the number of new universities, many of which are offering programmes that are not approved by the UGC, reported Livemint . The Ministry of Education announced earlier on 24 December that during the previous five years, up to 140 private universities have been founded nationwide, with Gujarat leading the way, followed by Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh.

The National Education Policy (NEP-2020), which promotes a four-year Bachelor’s degree and a research-intensive Master’s degree, eliminating the necessity for an MPhil for a PhD, is the main cause of the discontinuance of the advanced post-graduation research programme, as per another Livemint report.

The document goes into further detail about the modifications being made to the post-graduation and graduation programmes.

“Higher education institutions will have the flexibility to offer different designs of master’s programmes: (a) there may be a two-year programme with the second year devoted entirely to research for those who have completed the two-year Bachelor’s/Master’s programme. Undertaking a PhD shall require either a master’s degree or a four-year bachelor’s degree with research. The MPhil programme shall be discontinued,” the NEP states.

The Union government has come under fire from experts for implementing the NEP without sufficient state consultations or discussion in Parliament. The governments of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka had already established committees to draft their own state education policies, explained Telegraph India .

Moreover, the Education Ministry’s 2023 All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE) report showed that, over the previous five years, the Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) for MPhil programmes was -21.2 per cent. It had dropped dramatically from 43,267 in 2016–17 to 16,744 in 2020–21 or approximately 61.3 per cent, according to The Print .

Notably, in the current academic year, the MPhil and Certificate programmes were the only two levels where total enrollments decreased. 8,696 independent institutions, 40,176 colleges, and 1,084 universities responded to the AISHE report.

What’s next for students

An MPhil degree in India is an advanced postgraduate research degree that serves as a foundation for a PhD (Doctor of Philosophy).

The degree is nearing a doctorate, yet it is classified as a master’s degree.

Even though both degrees require research, the PhD is a more sophisticated and demanding curriculum in terms of scope, depth, and duration of the research.

For individuals seeking advanced knowledge without the commitment to a lengthy doctoral study, the MPhil can served as a terminal degree or a stepping stone to a PhD.

After the discontinuation of the course, postgraduates who want to continue a career in academia or research can pursue a PhD.

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Difference Between MPhil and PhD

• Categorized under Career & Education , Miscellaneous | Difference Between MPhil and PhD

Many people want to step up higher on the ladder in terms of achieving a notable career . In this regard, these individuals try to take as much courses as they want and even pass as many board exams possible. However, there are a few people who dare challenge themselves further by seeking higher degrees such as an MPhil and a PhD. The question remains, do you know the difference between the two?

Well, the MPhil is the shorthand term for Master of Philosophy. In this course, the candidate or student is expected to analyze a topic that has already been approved, as well as, show a well-grounded theory of research methodologies that is applicable to the field of study. This is not that easy because the applicant must practice uniqueness and originality on how he or she makes use of his or her knowledge and find out ways to expand the limits of the current knowledge using good researching skills. Even though this is not that easy, an MPhil is still simpler compared to PhD wherein the demands for uniqueness and quality is essentially greater.

The PhD or Doctor of Philosophy not only analyzes and understands how to stretch the limits of knowledge using research but also become an actual contributor to the pool of knowledge. More knowledge is therefore interpreted and created in the PhD degree .

Numbers also differ between the two degrees. For MPhil, the candidate is asked to complete a 2-year study for such whereas for PhD, it is a year longer. Nevertheless, an MPhil applicant’s length of study can extend to 3 years (similar to a PhD) whenever the study is only on a part time basis. Moreover, the thesis paper of an MPhil candidate is expected to be somewhere between 20 thousand and 40 thousand words. This varies depending on the topic or field of concentration. On the contrary, a PhD thesis is expected to be twice as much ‘“ about 40 thousand to 80 thousand words all in all.

1. MPhil is an easier degree compared to PhD.

2. MPhil is a shorter degree to take, in terms of the number of required years of study compared to PhD.

3. Using research, the MPhil seeks to understand how to stretch the limits of knowledge while the PhD seeks to add to that knowledge by creating more knowledge aside from what is already existent.

4. The length of the thesis paper for MPhil is also shorter compared to PhD’s thesis papers.

5. MPhil is a ‘Master’ of Philosophy whereas a PhD degree holder is a ‘Doctor’ of Philosophy.

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• Difference Between MPhil and Ph.D.
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Cite APA 7 , . (2011, July 28). Difference Between MPhil and PhD. Difference Between Similar Terms and Objects. http://www.differencebetween.net/miscellaneous/difference-between-mphil-and-phd/. MLA 8 , . "Difference Between MPhil and PhD." Difference Between Similar Terms and Objects, 28 July, 2011, http://www.differencebetween.net/miscellaneous/difference-between-mphil-and-phd/.

Good knowledge for storage and usuage.

What are the career opportunities after mphil and PhD ? From where can we do both courses ? Which university course has more value ??

The difference between M.Phil is significantly difference. M.Phil is a useless course in terms of UGC guidelines in India. Even if you finish M.Phil, Ugc stick to PG degree marks and criteria than M.Phil. They may give a paper exemption, if you finish M.Phil while doing Ph.D. For me M.Phil was more rigor, exciting and challenging. I ‘have to’ finish the theory exams in one attempt and then get into research work. I published three papers in international peer reviewed journals and two conference papers. My Ph.D. was more faster till I submitted my thesis. my research was in the field and it was hectic, interesting. After submission of thesis, it was dragging and depressing. They took more time to evaluate the thesis than my entire course work, field work and thesis writing! I could publish two papers in journals and three conference papers. My Ph.D. thesis was smaller than M.Phil thesis!!

Sir plz guide me? That time I complete MA in history from ignou university 52% and I belong sc category that I want apply m.Phil programme and in graduate completed with commerce . In such differ subject can any effect in admission m.Phil program. ?

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King's College London

Philosophy research mphil/phd.

Key information

Joint PhDs available: The Department of Philosophy at King's is delighted to be able to offer t wo exciting options for joint-PhD study at either Humboldt University or the National University of Singapore.

The Philosophy Department at King’s is one of the largest research departments in the field in the UK. We offer close personal supervision to students in a wide variety of research areas, with particular strengths in the history of philosophy (analytic and continental, Greek and Roman, Medieval, Early Modern, 18th, 19 th , and 20 th century); philosophy of mind, action and psychology; epistemology; metaphysics; philosophy of science, especially philosophy of physics and philosophy of medicine; ethics; political philosophy; philosophy of art; logic; and philosophy of language and logic.

For more information on our areas of expertise , our recent research projects and their impact as well as a list of recent publications by our research staff see our department web pages.

Recent Research Projects: recent projects include:

- The History of Philosophy Without Any Gaps

- Philosophy and Medicine

- Thinking with Assent: Renewing a Traditional Account of Knowledge and Belief

- Ancient Commentators on Aristotle;

- The Evolution of the Emotions;

- Perception, Narrative Discourse and Conceptual Art;

- The Boundaries of Illness;

- Word Meaning: What it is and what it is not?;

• Most recent REF rankings: the department was ranked 3rd in the UK, and 1st in London, for both quality and power according to the most recent Research Excellence Framework (REF) rankings; 80% of research was valued as being of a world-leading (4*) or internationally excellent (3*) standard and 63% of its research scored the top rating for impact with an outstanding reach and significance.
• Current number of research staff : 30.
• Current number of research students : 60.

The Philosophy department offers close personal supervision to students in a wide variety of research areas. As a large and highly-integrated department we can support research projects spanning the various sub-fields of philosophy. Philosophy postgraduates are normally supervised within the Philosophy department. Students wishing to work with someone at King's who is not a member of the Philosophy department are urged to apply directly to the relevant department for admission as a graduate student.

The PhD programme is exclusively devoted to research in philosophy. The programme lasts a minimum of three years full time study. During this time students meet with their supervisors on a regular basis to work on their thesis. During the first year, students are registered as MPhil students. You will have the opportunity to develop your research ideas and writing skills. Towards the end of the first students submit a thesis plan and an extended work sample for assessment before being upgraded to full PhD registration.

At the end of their studies students submit a PhD thesis of a maximum length of 100,000 words. The thesis is examined by two examiners external to King’s.

King’s is set in the heart of London. Graduate students have the opportunity to attend meetings of the Aristotelian Society , and events organised by the Institute of Philosophy .

The department runs joint PhD programmes with the National University of Singapore and the Humboldt University in Berlin (more information below).

The department also has links with other departments around the world. The Norman Malcolm Fellowship pays for a King's research student to spend a semester at Cornell every second year, and for a Cornell student to come to King's in the intervening years. There is an annual KCL/Berlin graduate workshop, hosted alternate years in KCL and in Berlin. And there is a regular KCL/UNC Chapel Hill graduate workshop, hosted in KCL or in Chapel Hill.

Joint PhD programme

The Department of Philosophy at King's is delighted to be able to offer research students two exciting options for joint-PhD study. The programmes offered provide candidates with the opportunity to divide their PhD study between two prestigious universities, enjoying full supervision at both. The programme builds on an extensive network of existing institutional links, joint teaching experience and collaborative graduate programmes between King’s and the partners universities. The Department of Philosophy at the Humboldt University has strengths in the following research areas: Classical German Philosophy, especially Kant, Early Modern Philosophy, especially Leibniz and Locke, Philosophy of Mind (Berlin School of Mind and Brain), Ancient Philosophy (Graduate School of Ancient Philosophy) and Analytic Metaphysics. These areas complement the research in King’s in the history of philosophy, in ancient philosophy, modern philosophy, philosophy of mind and metaphysics. We encourage applications from students who intend to write a PhD in one of these areas. The joint PhD offers the opportunity to do some graduate work in German. Hence, it should be of interest to PhD students who want to work on a German speaking philosopher. The Department of Philosophy at the National University of Singapore is a thriving community with 16 full-time tenured or tenure track faculty members. In addition, there are more than thirty graduate students pursuing the PhD and Masters in philosophy. Its faculty members engage in research in a wide range of fields, including Moral and Practical philosophy, Continental European, Buddhist, Indian, Chinese and Comparative Philosophy. It thus offers a range of study options for potential PhD students that complement well King's own research strengths in, for example, ancient philosophy, modern philosophy, philosophy of mind and metaphysics. Students would spend a significant portion of their time in Singapore, thereby enabling them to access expertise in fields of philosophy where King's alone would not be able to offer supervision. Information about joint PhDs can be found here .

Head of group/division

Dr Andrea Sangiovanni

• How to apply
• Fees or Funding

UK Tuition Fees 2023/24

Full time tuition fees:

£5,820 per year (MPhil/PhD, Philosophy Research)

£5,820 per year (MPhil/PhD, Philosophy Research with National University of Singapore or Humboldt University)

Part time tuition fees:

£2,910 per year (MPhil/PhD, Philosophy Research)

£2,910 per year (MPhil/PhD, Philosophy Research with National University of Singapore or Humboldt University)

International Tuition Fees 2023/24

£22,900 per year (MPhil/PhD, Philosophy Research)

£22,900 per year (MPhil/PhD, Philosophy Research with National University of Singapore or Humboldt University)

£11,450 per year (MPhil/PhD, Philosophy Research)

£11,450 per year (MPhil/PhD, Philosophy Research with National University of Singapore or Humboldt University)

UK Tuition Fees 2024/25

£6,168 per year (MPhil/PhD, Philosophy Research)

£6,168 per year (MPhil/PhD, Philosophy Research with National University of Singapore or Humboldt University)

£3,084 per year (MPhil/PhD, Philosophy Research)

£3,084 per year (MPhil/PhD, Philosophy Research with National University of Singapore or Humboldt University)

International Tuition Fees 2024/25

£24,786 per year (MPhil/PhD, Philosophy Research)

£24,786 per year (MPhil/PhD, Philosophy Research with National University of Singapore or Humboldt University)

£12,393 per year (MPhil/PhD, Philosophy Research)

£12,393 per year (MPhil/PhD, Philosophy Research with National University of Singapore or Humboldt University)

These tuition fees may be subject to additional increases in subsequent years of study, in line with King’s terms and conditions.

Departmental and Other Funding

Sorabji Graduate Bursary: This studentship honours Richard Sorabji, Emeritus Professor of Ancient Philosophy in the Department. Each year the Department awards one or more studentships to graduate students in the Department, taking into account academic merit and financial need.

Susan Stebbing Studentship: This studentship honours Susan Stebbing, who was formerly Professor in the Department of Philosophy at Bedford College London (which merged with KCL in 1984). Each year the Department awards one or more studentships to women graduate students in the Department, taking into account academic merit and financial need.

Peter Goldie Award: This studentship honours Peter Goldie, former Reader in Philosophy in the Department, who sadly passed away in 2011. This studentship commemorates Peter and his contribution to the Department, following a generous bequest from his estate. Each year the Department awards one or more studentships to graduate students in the Department, taking into account academic merit and financial need.

Joint PhD Funding

Information on joint PhD funding and scholarships can be found here .

• Study environment

Base campus

Strand Campus

Located on the north bank of the River Thames, the Strand Campus houses King's College London's arts and sciences faculties.

You will see your supervisor regularly for supervisions. In addition, first year research students attend the weekly First Year Research Seminar, and all other research students attend the weekly Advanced Research Seminar. These seminars are opportunities for research students to present their work, receive feedback on it, and gain exposure to a wider range of philosophical topics via discussion of the work of their peers. First year students also attend a weekly MPhil Research Seminar, where research staff present their work-in-progress or critical assessment of work by others in their areas of expertise.

The Philosophy department is broad and inclusive. Our wide range of research expertise is set within a collegiate and cooperative research community. Postgraduate students will usually receive supervisions from more than one member of staff, and benefit from a range of perspectives and expertise on their project.

The department also runs regular reading groups, and students are welcome to set up their own. Recent reading groups have included: Gender and Philosophy; Political Philosophy; Early Modern Philosophy; Mind; Metaphysics; Philosophy of Action.

Research students are encouraged to attend the regular research activities of the department’s research clusters, such as the King’s History of Philosophy Seminar, and the Formal Methods Masterclass.

The department has a computer room and a graduate common room.

Postgraduate training

Students in the department can take advantage of induction and training programmes offered by the Faculty Graduate Programme. The progress of all graduate students is overseen by the Department's Postgraduate and Research Committee.

Research students gain training at presenting their work to their peers through the weekly research seminars and are encouraged to attend conferences (small travel bursaries are available to support this).

The Department's Placement Officer provides training for advanced research students in preparing them for the academic job market. This includes training in publishing your work and applying for funding.

There is also the opportunity to undertake paid teaching work. This comes with many opportunities for training, including support and guidance in gaining recognition from the Higher Education Academy.

• Entry requirements

Find a supervisor

Search through a list of available supervisors.

Accommodation

Discover your accommodation options and explore our residences.

Connect with a King’s Advisor

Want to know more about studying at King's? We're here to help.

Learning in London

King's is right in the heart of the capital.

Electronic and Electrical Engineering MPhil/PhD

London, Bloomsbury

We have a large and vibrant community of doctoral students researching a broad range of topics in electronic and electrical engineering. Our graduates are in high demand, going on to careers in industry, academic research, and permanent academic positions at top institutions. Many of our graduates now hold senior positions in the industry.

UK tuition fees (2024/25)

Overseas tuition fees (2024/25), programme starts, applications accepted.

• Entry requirements

A UK Master’s degree, or a minimum of an upper second-class UK Bachelor’s degree, or an overseas qualification of an equivalent standard. The qualification may be in any relevant subject, e.g. electronic engineering, communication engineering, computer science, chemistry, materials science (the latter two for electronic materials research).

The English language level for this programme is: Level 1

UCL Pre-Master's and Pre-sessional English courses are for international students who are aiming to study for a postgraduate degree at UCL. The courses will develop your academic English and academic skills required to succeed at postgraduate level.

Further information can be found on our English language requirements page.

If you are intending to apply for a time-limited visa to complete your UCL studies (e.g., Student visa, Skilled worker visa, PBS dependant visa etc.) you may be required to obtain ATAS clearance . This will be confirmed to you if you obtain an offer of a place. Please note that ATAS processing times can take up to six months, so we recommend you consider these timelines when submitting your application to UCL.

Equivalent qualifications

Country-specific information, including details of when UCL representatives are visiting your part of the world, can be obtained from the International Students website .

International applicants can find out the equivalent qualification for their country by selecting from the list below. Please note that the equivalency will correspond to the broad UK degree classification stated on this page (e.g. upper second-class). Where a specific overall percentage is required in the UK qualification, the international equivalency will be higher than that stated below. Please contact Graduate Admissions should you require further advice.

About this degree

Thanks to the breadth of research we carry out in the department, we offer doctorates across a wide range of topics in electronic and electrical engineering from nanotechnology and novel materials, to circuits and systems, radar, communications, photonics, optical networks and large-scale networks.

Who this course is for

Applicants should have a strong academic record in a relevant discipline, previous research experience, and be highly motivated and interested in continuing their research in the field of electronic and electrical engineering. If you are interested in joining us as a research student, we strongly encourage you to look at the EEE research pages to identify areas of interest to you. Selecting the correct research project or area of research interest is a hugely important first step, so we recommend that you contact potential supervisors directly to discuss possibilities before you apply.

What this course will give you

Our department is the oldest electronic engineering department in England and one of the most highly regarded and research active. Our research is at the cutting edge of the discipline and we have an enviable track record of exploiting our research in new technologies.

Our facilities are world-class with access to the state-of-the-art London Centre for Nanotechnology (LCN) and excellent in-house design and test facilities for radio frequency, radar, communications, optical networks, materials and photonics. On top of this, we also offer comprehensive training packages, dedicated staff, world-renowned academics, and support from UCL's graduate school.

The foundation of your career

Our graduates are in high demand, going on to careers in industry, as postdoctoral researchers and, in many cases, continuing to permanent academic positions at leading educational institutions.

Graduates from this programme have taken up positions at companies such as Cisco Meraki, Alcatel-Lucent, Nokia-Siemens, Barclays, Toshiba, Microsoft, European Space Agency and Deutsche Telekom, with some progressing to Directorships. A significant number use the PhD as a stepping stone to careers in other sectors, including management consultancy and finance. Several have started up their own businesses and become successful entrepreneurs.

Our graduates have also become successful academics and researchers at institutions including the University of Liverpool, Queen Mary, University of London, University of British Columbia, National University of Singapore, Aston University, City University, University of Hokkaido and at UCL.

Several have been awarded prestigious fellowships, including Royal Academy of Engineering and Royal Society University Fellowships, Leverhulme Trust Early Career Awards and EPSRC Fellowships.

Employability

Graduates from this programme are highly employable. They are well-prepared for a career in industry or to conduct powerful, influential research in this multi-disciplinary field. Many have gone on to successful careers in large organisations, top academic institutions and founded their own start-up companies.

The EEE department is located in the heart of London and has deep industry connections. This provides unique and invaluable opportunities to students such as industry-supervised research projects, sponsored studentships, site visits, placements and invited talks from experts connected to the university. Events like our Festival of Research celebrate our industry collaborations, highlight our impacts and enable networking across students, researchers and industry.

We collaborate with institutions, organisations and academics world-wide across most of our postdoctoral provision, and our renowned academic team bring their own experience and expertise to the table.

Our doctoral students engage widely with the world outside academia via mechanisms including Knowledge Transfer (KT) programmes, public engagement and outreach activities. In the former case, we have seconded students to collaborating companies via KT studentships to carry out highly industrially-relevant work. These students are often employed by the company at the end of their PhD.

Teaching and learning

This MPhil/PhD programme provides a route for students to carry out their own research project under the supervision of a member of academic staff. Students will normally work within a research group, and closely with their supervisor(s), to develop each stage of their research. Throughout their degree, students will have regular meetings with their primary supervisor, contact with their secondary supervisor, and participation in group meetings.

Students initially register for an MPhil degree and transfer to the PhD programme after a year, pending success in a transfer/upgrade examination. For a successful upgrade to PhD, students must prepare a written report, give an oral presentation and pass an oral examination.

The final examination for a PhD degree is by the presentation of a thesis, which is assessed by both an external examiner (someone from outside UCL) and an internal examiner (from within UCL). The thesis should demonstrate the student's ability to pursue original research based upon a good understanding of the research techniques and concepts appropriate to the discipline.

This MPhil/PhD comprises mostly self-directed study under the supervision of a member of academic staff. Full-time study equates to 36.5 hours per week; pro-rata for part-time. During the research degree students will have regular meetings with their Primary Supervisor (at least once every month) and consult regularly with a Subsidiary Supervisor.

If a student has external funding, they should ensure they meet the Terms and Conditions of their funder in this regard.

Research areas and structure

• Communications and information systems: telecommunication networks and services; wireless communications; IP networks; sensor networks; information security and retrieval
• Electronic materials and devices: optical materials and electronic devices; quantum nanoelectronics; diamond electronics; laser processing; resistive switching
• Optical networks: optoelectronic devices and systems; large scale optical networks; dense WDM optically routed networks; optical packet networks; high speed optical systems
• Photonics: connected electronic and photonic systems; ultrafast photonic devices; wireless over fibre devices and systems; photonic generation of THz signals; advanced liquid crystal devices; uncooled and coherent wavelength division multiplex technology
• Sensors, systems and circuits: radar and sonar; antennas and EM modelling; medical electronics; RFID systems; IC design.

Research environment

This department offers an exceptionally vibrant and innovative research environment for students. Our research spans a broad range of topics in electronic and electrical engineering with research groups specialising in Electronic Materials and Devices, Information and Communication Engineering, Optical Networks, Photonics, and Sensors Systems and Circuits. We collaborate widely, both with other departments in UCL, and with leading research groups and industrial partners around the world. This generates a highly stimulating environment that has led to brilliant careers for most of our graduating students.

The length of an MPhil/PhD in this department is normally three years’ full time. Full-time research degree students are required to register for an MPhil degree for not less than 9 months after initial registration. They must then fulfil academic requirements to upgrade to PhD degree no later than 12 months after initial registration. A full-time student must be registered for at least two calendar years before they will be allowed to submit their thesis for examination for the PhD.  

The length of an MPhil/PhD in this department is normally five years part time. Part-time research students in this department are required to register for an MPhil degree for a minimum of 15 months after initial registration. They must then fulfil academic requirements to upgrade to PhD degree no later than 22 months after initial registration. A part-time student must be registered for at least three calendar years before they will be allowed to submit their thesis for examination for the PhD.

Accessibility

Details of the accessibility of UCL buildings can be obtained from AccessAble accessable.co.uk . Further information can also be obtained from the UCL Student Support and Wellbeing team .

Fees and funding

Fees for this course.

The tuition fees shown are for the year indicated above. Fees for subsequent years may increase or otherwise vary. Where the programme is offered on a flexible/modular basis, fees are charged pro-rata to the appropriate full-time Master's fee taken in an academic session. Further information on fee status, fee increases and the fee schedule can be viewed on the UCL Students website: ucl.ac.uk/students/fees .

Additional costs

There are no programme-specific costs.

As each PhD research project is unique in nature, additional costs related to consumables, equipment, materials, attending and presenting at conferences, poster printing, etc. will vary. Prospective students are advised to contact the project supervisor for more information on additional costs for specific research projects.

A student conference and travel fund is available to students within the department to help with costs associated with attending and presenting at conferences. Applications are considered on a case-by-case basis.

For more information on additional costs for prospective students please go to our estimated cost of essential expenditure at Accommodation and living costs .

Funding your studies

A number of competitive EPSRC funded studentships are available each year for UK and EU students who meet residency requirements.

For a comprehensive list of the funding opportunities available at UCL, including funding relevant to your nationality, please visit the Scholarships and Funding website .

Deadlines and start dates may be dictated by funding arrangements so check with the department or academic unit to see if you need to consider these in your application preparation. In most cases you should identify and contact potential supervisors before making your application. For more information see our How to apply page.

Please note that you may submit applications for a maximum of two graduate programmes (or one application for the Law LLM) in any application cycle.

Choose your programme

Please read the Application Guidance before proceeding with your application.

Year of entry: 2024-2025

Got questions get in touch.

Electronic and Electrical Engineering

[email protected]

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The Allama Iqbal Open University was established in May, 1974, with the main objectives of providing educational opportunities to masses and to those who cannot leave their homes and jobs. During all these past years, the University has more than fulfilled this promise.

CUHK Business School welcomes new faculty members for the academic year 2024-2025

For the 2024-2025 academic year, the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) Business School is pleased to welcome 15 esteemed scholars as new faculty members. These professionals bring extensive experience in teaching, research, and industry, coupled with impressive achievements and credentials from prestigious institutions worldwide.

Their expertise positions them to remarkedly contribute to the development of future business leaders and to engage in research that will benefit the business community and society as a whole. Thrilled to grow our community with these incredible new members, we look forward to their valuable contributions in the upcoming year.

Below is a list of the new faculty members and the institutions from which they obtained their PhD / doctor’s degrees:

School of Accountancy

• Professor Chen Yue (Columbia University)
• Professor Wu Fan (Frankfurt School of Finance and Management)
• Professor Xin Xiangang (The Chinese University of Hong Kong)

Department of Decisions, Operations and Technology

• Professor Lee Myunghwan (The University of British Columbia)
• Professor Lin Yunduan (University of California, Berkeley)
• Professor Liao Ming (Duke University)
• Professor Tang Wei (Washington University in St. Louis)
• Professor Zhang Dongcheng (Tsinghua University)

Department of Finance

• Professor Han Bing (University of California, Los Angeles)
• Professor John Kuong Chi-fung (London School of Economics and Political Science)
• Professor Kody Law (Cornell University)
• Professor Li Sicong (London Business School)
• Professor Liu Chao (Kellogg School of Management)

Department of Management

• Professor Guo Nan (University of Texas at Dallas)
• Professor Zhang Muhan (Pennsylvania State University)

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Ramifications of the Supreme Court’s Latest Term for Health Regulation

• 1 Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
• 2 Bipartisan Policy Center, Washington, DC
• 3 Stanford Law School, Stanford, California
• 4 Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, Stanford, California
• 5 Department of Health Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
• Viewpoint The Supreme Court’s Loper Bright Ruling David A. Simon, PhD, JD, LLM; Michael J. Young, MD, MPhil JAMA

The US Supreme Court punctuated its term ending July 2024 with major rulings affecting federal agencies. The Court’s decision in Loper Bright Enterprises v Raimondo , jettisoning so-called Chevron deference toward agencies’ interpretations of statutes, and other cases have stirred doubts about whether agencies can continue to make bold, effective health policy. 1 , 2 These rulings have critical ramifications for health agencies, but the outlook is more complex than it might appear.

Fleisher LA , O’Connell AJ , Mello MM. Ramifications of the Supreme Court’s Latest Term for Health Regulation. JAMA. Published online August 26, 2024. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.16994

Manage citations:

© 2024

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