Write an essay in French

Beyond the fact that writing an essay in French can be a good practice to improve your writing, you may also be asked to write one during your schooling. So, it is important to study the topic of French essay writing and get some useful tips..

» Tips and tricks for your French essay » The structure of a French essay » Sample French Essay

Tips and tricks for your French essay

When writing a French essay for school, you should always use a structured approach and good French skills to present your arguments in a focused way. Beyond French skills, there are also important formal requirements for a successful French essay. We will come back to this in detail later. First, you will find some useful tips and tricks that will help you write more compelling and better French essays in the future.

  • Have a clear thesis and structure
  • Do sufficient research and use reliable sources
  • Use examples and arguments to support your thesis
  • Avoid plagiarism and cite correctly
  • Always check structure, grammar and spelling

When you write your essay at school or university, you need to make sure that the general structure of your essay, the presentation of the arguments and, above all, your French language skills play a role in the mark you will get. This is why you should definitely take a closer look at the structure of an essay as well as the most important grammar rules and formulations for French essays.

The structure of a French essay

In an essay, you deal at length and in detail with a usually given topic. When you write an essay in French, you must follow a certain structure. Below we show you what this structure looks like and give you some tips for writing the most important parts of your essay.

my country ghana essay in french

The Introduction

The introduction prepares the main body of your essay. You think of a meaningful title for your essay, you describe your thesis or your question, you give general information on the subject and you prepare your argument by giving an overview of your most important arguments.

Below are examples and phrases that you can use to write the introduction to your essay in French.

The title should be meaningful, concise and reflect the content of the essay.

Introductory paragraph

The first paragraph of your French essay should briefly introduce the topic and engage the reader. Here are some examples to help you write your essay:

Proposal or question

The central proposition or question of your French essay should be a clear and concise definition of the purpose of the essay. Use these examples to get a clearer idea of ​​how to write theses in French:

Overview of Arguments and Structure

At the end of your introduction, describe the structure of the main part of your essay (your outline) and outline your argument. Here are some French expressions that will certainly help you write your essay:

The body of your essay

my country ghana essay in french

The main part of your French essay deals with the given topic in detail. The subject is studied from all angles. The main body of your essay follows a thread of argument and discusses in detail the main arguments of your thesis previously made in the introduction.

In the body of the text, you should discuss the subject of your essay in clear and concise language. To achieve this, we give you some wording aids as well as vocabulary and phrases that you can use to write your essay in French.

Formulation tools:

French vocabulary for essays.

In the conclusion of your French essay, you address the thesis of your essay, summarize the main points of your discussion in the main body, and draw a conclusion. On the basis of the arguments and the resulting conclusions, you formulate in the conclusion of your dissertation final thoughts and suggestions for the future. It is important that you do not add new information or new arguments. This should only be done in the body of your text.

Here are some wording guides to help you write your essay in French:

Sample French Essay

Les avantages des voyages linguistiques

Malgré les difficultés potentielles, les voyages linguistiques offrent aux apprenants une occasion unique d'améliorer leurs compétences linguistiques et de découvrir de nouvelles cultures, ce qui en fait un investissement précieux pour leur développement personnel et académique.

Les séjours linguistiques sont des voyages organisés dans le but d'améliorer les compétences linguistiques des participants. Ces voyages peuvent se dérouler dans le pays ou à l'étranger et durer d'un week-end à plusieurs semaines. L'un des principaux avantages des séjours linguistiques est l'immersion. Entourés de locuteurs natifs, les apprenants sont contraints de pratiquer et d'améliorer leurs compétences linguistiques dans des situations réelles.Il s'agit d'une méthode d'apprentissage beaucoup plus efficace que le simple fait d'étudier une langue dans une salle de classe.

Un autre avantage des séjours linguistiques est l'expérience culturelle. Voyager dans un nouveau pays permet aux apprenants de découvrir de nouvelles coutumes, traditions et modes de vie, et de se familiariser avec l'histoire et la culture du pays. Cela enrichit non seulement l'expérience d'apprentissage de la langue, mais contribue également à élargir les horizons et à accroître la sensibilisation culturelle.

Cependant, les séjours linguistiques peuvent également présenter des inconvénients. Par exemple, le coût du voyage et de l'hébergement peut être élevé, en particulier pour les séjours de longue durée. En outre, les apprenants peuvent être confrontés à la barrière de la langue ou à un choc culturel, ce qui peut être difficile à surmonter. Le coût et les difficultés potentielles des séjours linguistiques peuvent sembler décourageants, mais ils offrent des avantages précieux en termes d'épanouissement personnel et scolaire.

Les compétences linguistiques et les connaissances culturelles acquises peuvent déboucher sur de nouvelles opportunités d'emploi et améliorer la communication dans un cadre professionnel. Les bourses et les aides financières rendent les séjours linguistiques plus accessibles. Le fait d'être confronté à une barrière linguistique ou à un choc culturel peut également être l'occasion d'un développement personnel. Ces avantages l'emportent largement sur les inconvénients et font des séjours linguistiques un investissement qui en vaut la peine.

En conclusion, malgré les difficultés potentielles, les séjours linguistiques offrent aux apprenants une occasion unique d'améliorer leurs compétences linguistiques et de découvrir de nouvelles cultures, ce qui en fait un investissement précieux pour le développement personnel et académique. Qu'il s'agisse d'un débutant ou d'un apprenant avancé, un voyage linguistique est une expérience à ne pas manquer.

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Essay on Ghana

Students are often asked to write an essay on Ghana in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Ghana

Introduction to ghana.

Ghana is a country in West Africa. It is known for its rich history and is the first African country to get freedom from European rule. Its capital city is Accra.

Geography and Climate

Ghana has beaches, jungles, and savannas. It is hot and has two seasons: rainy and dry. The Volta River is a big river in Ghana.

Culture and People

Ghana has many groups of people with different languages and traditions. Music and dance are important, and so is the colorful clothing called kente.

Ghana’s money comes from cocoa, gold, and oil. Farming is also a job for many people. The country is working to grow more.

Education and Landmarks

Schools are important in Ghana. The Cape Coast Castle is a place many visit to learn about history. It reminds people of the past and freedom.

250 Words Essay on Ghana

About ghana.

Ghana is a country in West Africa. It is known for its colorful culture, ancient history, and diverse wildlife. The country is on the coast, which means it has beautiful beaches. The capital city is Accra, which is very busy and full of life.

A long time ago, Ghana was home to powerful kingdoms. The most famous one was the Ashanti kingdom. Many years later, European countries came to Ghana to trade. They were interested in gold and other valuable things. Ghana was a British colony but became free in 1957. It was the first African country to gain independence from European rule.

People and Culture

Ghana has many different groups of people, each with its own language and traditions. Music and dance are very important in Ghanaian culture. The people are known for being friendly and welcoming to visitors. They love to celebrate festivals and share their traditions with others.

Ghana has rainforests, savannas, and rivers. These places are home to many animals like elephants, monkeys, and lions. There are also lots of different birds and insects. People go to national parks to see these animals and enjoy nature.

The country has resources like gold, cocoa, and oil. These are sold to other countries, which helps Ghana’s economy to grow. Many people in Ghana also farm and sell their crops in markets. Tourism is becoming more important too, as people come to see Ghana’s beautiful places and learn about its history.

In conclusion, Ghana is a country with a rich history, vibrant culture, and beautiful nature. It is a place where the past and present come together, and visitors can experience the warmth of its people and the beauty of its landscapes.

500 Words Essay on Ghana

Ghana is a country located on the west coast of Africa. It is known for its rich history, diverse culture, and natural beauty. The country is bordered by Côte d’Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, Togo to the east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the south. Ghana was the first African country to gain independence from colonial rule in 1957, led by Kwame Nkrumah, a very important leader.

Ghana has many different landscapes, including beaches, forests, and savannas. The weather is mostly warm all year round, with two main seasons: the rainy season and the dry season. The rainy season brings a lot of rain, which helps the plants grow, while the dry season is very hot and has little rain.

Ghana is home to many different groups of people, each with their own languages and traditions. English is the official language, but languages like Twi, Ga, Ewe, and Hausa are also widely spoken. Ghanaians are known for their friendliness and hospitality. Music and dance are very important in Ghanaian culture, with traditional drums and dances being a big part of celebrations and festivals.

Food in Ghana is full of flavor and often includes starchy items like yams, cassava, and plantains. One popular dish is jollof rice, which is spicy rice cooked with tomatoes, onions, and peppers. Ghanaians also enjoy soups and stews with fish, meat, or vegetables, often eaten with fufu, a doughy food made from boiled and mashed cassava or plantains.

Wildlife and Environment

Ghana has many national parks and wildlife reserves where you can see animals like elephants, monkeys, and lions. The country is also working to protect its environment and the many different types of plants and animals that live there.

Ghana’s economy is growing and is known for its production of gold, cocoa, and oil. Cocoa is especially important as Ghana is one of the world’s largest producers, and it is used to make chocolate. Many people in Ghana also work in farming, growing food for their families and to sell.

Education in Ghana is a big focus, with the government working to make sure that all children can go to school. Schools teach subjects like math, science, and English, and there are also universities where students can continue their studies in many different areas.

Like many countries, Ghana faces challenges. Some people in Ghana do not have as much money and may struggle to get things like clean water, good healthcare, and education. The government and many organizations are working to help solve these problems so that all Ghanaians can have a better life.

Ghana is a country with a lot to offer, from its warm-hearted people to its beautiful landscapes and rich culture. It is a place where the past and the present come together, and it continues to work towards a bright future.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

  • Essay on Ghost
  • Essay on Gig Economy
  • Essay on Giving And Sharing

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

Happy studying!

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How to Write an Essay in French Without Giving Yourself Away as a Foreigner

Have something to say?

When it comes to expressing your thoughts in French , there’s nothing better than the essay.

It is, after all, the favorite form of such famed French thinkers as Montaigne, Chateaubriand, Houellebecq and Simone de Beauvoir.

In this post, I’ve outlined the four most common types of essays in French, ranked from easiest to most difficult, to help you get to know this concept better. 

Why Are French Essays Different?

Must-have french phrases for writing essays, 4 types of french essays and how to write them, 1. text summary (synthèse de texte).

  • 2. Text Commentary (Commentaire de texte)

3. Dialectic Dissertation (Thèse, Antithèse, Synthèse)

  • 4. Progressive Dissertation (Plan progressif)

And one more thing...

Download: This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that you can take anywhere. Click here to get a copy. (Download)

Writing an essay in French is not the same as those typical 5-paragraph essays you’ve probably written in English.

In fact, there’s a whole other logic that has to be used to ensure that your essay meets French format standards and structure. It’s not merely writing your ideas in another language .

And that’s because the French use Cartesian logic (also known as Cartesian doubt) , developed by René Descartes , which requires a writer to begin with what is known and then lead the reader through to the logical conclusion: a paragraph that contains the thesis. Through the essay, the writer will reject all that is not certain or all that is subjective in his or her quest to find the objective truth.

Sound intriguing? Read on for more!

Before we get to the four main types of essays, here are a few French phrases that will be especially helpful as you delve into essay-writing in French:

Introductory phrases , which help you present new ideas.

Connecting phrases , which help you connect ideas and sections.

Contrasting phrases , which help you juxtapose two ideas.

Concluding phrases , which help you to introduce your conclusion.

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The text summary or synthèse de texte  is one of the easiest French writing exercises to get a handle on. It essentially involves reading a text and then summarizing it in an established number of words, while repeating no phrases that are in the original text. No analysis is called for.

A  synthèse de texte  should follow the same format as the text that is being synthesized. The arguments should be presented in the same way, and no major element of the original text should be left out of the  synthèse.

Here is an informative post about writing a synthèse de texte , written for French speakers. 

The text summary is a great exercise for exploring the following French language elements:

  • Synonyms , as you will need to find other words to describe what is said in the original text.
  • Nominalization , which involves turning verbs into nouns and generally cuts down on word count.
  • Vocabulary , as the knowledge of more exact terms will allow you to avoid periphrases and cut down on word count.

While beginners may wish to work with only one text, advanced learners can synthesize as many as three texts in one text summary. 

Since a text summary is simple in its essence, it’s a great writing exercise that can accompany you through your entire learning process.

2. Text Commentary  (Commentaire de texte)

A text commentary or commentaire de texte   is the first writing exercise where the student is asked to present an analysis of the materials at hand, not just a summary.

That said, a  commentaire  de texte  is not a reaction piece. It involves a very delicate balance of summary and opinion, the latter of which must be presented as impersonally as possible. This can be done either by using the third person (on) or the general first person plural (nous) . The singular first person (je) should never be used in a  commentaire de texte.

A commentaire de texte  should be written in three parts:

  • An introduction , where the text is presented.
  • An argument , where the text is analyzed.
  • A conclusion , where the analysis is summarized and elevated.

Here is a handy in-depth guide to writing a successful commentaire de texte,  written for French speakers.

Unlike with the synthesis, you will not be able to address all elements of a text in a commentary. You should not summarize the text in a commentary, at least not for the sake of summarizing. Every element of the text that you speak about in your commentary must be analyzed.

To successfully analyze a text, you will need to brush up on your figurative language. Here are some great resources to get you started:

  • Here’s an introduction to figurative language in French.
  • This guide to figurative language  presents the different elements in useful categories.
  • This guide , intended for high school students preparing for the BAC—the exam all French high school students take, which they’re required to pass to go to university—is great for seeing examples of how to integrate figurative language into your commentaries.
  • Speaking of which, here’s an example of a corrected commentary from the BAC, which will help you not only include figurative language but get a head start on writing your own commentaries.

The French answer to the 5-paragraph essay is known as the  dissertation .  Like the American 5-paragraph essay, it has an introduction, body paragraphs and a conclusion. The stream of logic, however, is distinct.

There are actually two kinds of  dissertation,  each of which has its own rules.

The first form of  dissertation  is the dialectic dissertation , better known as  thèse, antithèse, synthèse . In this form, there are actually only two body paragraphs. After the introduction, a thesis is posited. Following the thesis, its opposite, the antithesis, is explored (and hopefully, debunked). The final paragraph, what we know as the conclusion, is the  synthesis , which addresses the strengths of the thesis, the strengths and weaknesses of the antithesis, and concludes with the reasons why the original thesis is correct.

For example, imagine that the question was, “Are computers useful to the development of the human brain?” You could begin with a section showing the ways in which computers are useful for the progression of our common intelligence—doing long calculations, creating in-depth models, etc.

Then you would delve into the problems that computers pose to human intelligence, citing examples of the ways in which spelling proficiency has decreased since the invention of spell check, for example. Finally, you would synthesize this information and conclude that the “pro” outweighs the “con.”

The key to success with this format is developing an outline before writing. The thesis must be established, with examples, and the antithesis must be supported as well. When all of the information has been organized in the outline, the writing can begin, supported by the tools you have learned from your mastery of the synthesis and commentary.

Here are a few tools to help you get writing:

  • Here’s a great guide to writing a dialectic dissertation .
  • Here’s an example of a plan for a dialectic dissertation , showing you the three parts of the essay as well as things to consider when writing a dialectic dissertation.

4. Progressive Dissertation ( Plan progressif)

The progressive dissertation is slightly less common, but no less useful, than the first form.

The progressive form basically consists of examining an idea via multiple points of view—a sort of deepening of the understanding of the notion, starting with a superficial perspective and ending with a deep and profound analysis.

If the dialectic dissertation is like a scale, weighing pros and cons of an idea, the progressive dissertation is like peeling an onion, uncovering more and more layers as you get to the deeper crux of the idea.

Concretely, this means that you will generally follow this layout:

  • A first, elementary exploration of the idea.
  • A second, more philosophical exploration of the idea.
  • A third, more transcendent exploration of the idea.

This format for the dissertation is more commonly used for essays that are written in response to a philosophical question, for example, “What is a person?” or “What is justice?”

Let’s say the question was, “What is war?” In the first part, you would explore dictionary definitions—a basic idea of war, i.e. an armed conflict between two parties, usually nations. You could give examples that back up this definition, and you could narrow down the definition of the subject as much as needed. For example, you might want to make mention that not all conflicts are wars, or you might want to explore whether the “War on Terror” is a war.

In the second part, you would explore a more philosophical look at the topic, using a definition that you provide. You first explain how you plan to analyze the subject, and then you do so. In French, this is known as  poser une problématique  (establishing a thesis question), and it usually is done by first writing out a question and then exploring it using examples: “Is war a reflection of the base predilection of humans for violence?”

In the third part, you will take a step back and explore this question from a distance, taking the time to construct a natural conclusion and answer for the question.

This form may not be as useful in as many cases as the first type of essay, but it’s a good form to learn, particularly for those interested in philosophy. Here’s an in-depth guide  to writing a progressive dissertation.

As you progress in French and become more and more comfortable with writing, try your hand at each of these types of writing exercises, and even with other forms of the dissertation . You’ll soon be a pro at everything from a synthèse de texte to a dissertation!

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my country ghana essay in french

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The Essay in French

The course enhances the student’s knowledge and skills in essay writing acquired during the last three years (Level 100 – 300) by giving him the scope for unguided self-expression

in more complex situations and on more demanding topics/subjects. It also studies some works of some of the great masters of the art of the essay with a view to encouraging students

to develop a sure, mature and personal style of writing.

How to Write an Excellent French Essay (Resources Included)

Tips to write an excellent french essay.

Writing essays is challenging enough, but when you are asked to write a French essay, you are not only being asked to write in a foreign language, but to follow the conventions of another linguistic and literary tradition. Like essay-writing in any language, the essential part of writing a French essay is to convey your thoughts and observations on a certain topic in a clear and concise manner. French essays do come out of a certain tradition that is part of the training of all students who attend school in France – or at least secondary school – and when you are a French essay, it is important to be aware of this tradition.

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The French philosopher Michel de Montaigne is credited with popularizing the essay form as a literary genre. His work, Essais, first published in 1580, and undergoing several subsequent publications before his death in 1592, covers a wide breadth of topics, ranging from “amitié” to “philosopher c’est apprendre à mourir”, and includes many literary references, as well as personal anecdotes. The name for this genre, essai, is the nominal form of the verb essayer, “to attempt”. We have an archaic English verb essay, meaning the same thing. The limerick that includes the phrase, “... when she essayed to drink lemonade ...” indicates an attempt to drink a beverage and has nothing to do with writing about it. But the writing form does illustrate an attempt to describe a topic in depth with the purpose of developing new insights on a particular text or corpus.

French instructors are very specific about what they would like when they ask for an essay, meaning that they will probably specify whether they would like an explication de texte, commentaire composé, or dissertation. That last essay form should not be confused with the document completed for a doctorate in anglophone countries – this is called a thèse in French, by the way. There are different formats for each of these types of essay, and different objectives for each written form.

Types of Essay

1. l’explication de texte.

An explication de texte is a type of essay for which you complete a close reading. It is usually written about a poem or a short passage within a larger work. This close reading will elucidate different themes and stylistic devices within the text. When you are completing an explication de texte, make sure to follow the structure of the text as you complete a close examination of its form and content. The format for an explication de texte consists of:

i. An introduction, in which you situate the text within its genre and historical context. This is where you can point out to your readers the general themes of the text, its form, the trajectory of your reading, and your approach to the text.

ii. The body, in which you develop your ideas, following the structure of the text. Make sure you know all of the meanings of the words used, especially the key terms that point to the themes addressed by the author. It is a good idea to look words up in the dictionary to find out any second, third, and fourth meanings that could add to the themes and forms you describe. Like a student taking an oral examination based on this type of essay writing, you will be expected to have solid knowledge of the vocabulary and grammatical structures that appear in the text. Often the significance of the language used unfolds as you explain the different components of theme, style, and composition.

iii. A conclusion, in which you sum up the general meaning of the text and the significance of the figures and forms being used. You should also give the implications of what is being addressed, and the relevance of these within a larger literary, historical, or philosophical context.

NB: If you are writing about a poem, include observations on the verse, rhyme schemes, and meter. It is a good idea to refer to a reference work on versification. If you are writing about a philosophical work, be familiar with philosophical references and definitions of concepts.

Caveat: Refrain from paraphrasing. Instead show through careful analysis of theme, style, and composition the way in which the main ideas of the text are conveyed.

2. Le commentaire composé

A commentaire composé is a methodologically codified commentary that focuses on themes in a particular text. This type of essay develops different areas of reflection through analytical argument. Such argumentation should clarify the reading that you are approaching by presenting components of the text from different perspectives. In contrast to the explication de texte, it is organized thematically rather than following the structure of the text to which it refers. The format for a commentaire composé consists of:

i. An introduction, in which you present the question you have come up with, often in relation to a prompt commenting on a thematic or stylistic aspect of the text, such as “Montrez en quoi ce texte évoque l’amour courtois” or “Qu’apporte l’absence de la ponctuation dans ce texte ?” In this section, you will be expected to delineate your approach to the text and illustrate the trajectory of your ideas so that your readers will have a clear idea of the direction these ideas will take.

ii. A tripartite body, in which you explore the question you have come up with, citing specific examples in the text that are especially pertinent to the areas of reflection you wish to explore. These citations should be explained and connected to the broad themes of your commentary, all the while providing details that draw the readers’ attention to your areas of inquiry. These different areas of inquiry may initially seem disparate or even contradictory, but eventually come together to form a harmonious reading that addresses different aspects of the text. The more obvious characteristics of the text should illuminate its subtler aspects, which allows for acute insight into the question that you are in the process of exploring.

iii. A conclusion, in which you evaluate your reading and synthesize its different areas of inquiry. This is where you may include your own opinions, but make sure that the preceding sections of your commentaire remain analytical and supported by evidence that you find in the text.

NB: Looking at verb tenses, figures of speech, and other aspects that contribute to the form of the text will help situate your reader, as will commenting on the register of language, whether this language is ornate, plain, reflects a style soutenu, or less formal patterns of speech.

Caveat: Quotations do not replace observations or comments on the text. Explain your quotations and situate them well within your own text.

3. La dissertation

The dissertation is a personal, organized, and methodical reflection on a precise question that refers to a corpus of writing. Referring to this corpus, you may be asked questions along the lines of “Que pensez-vous de l’équivalence entre l’amour et la chanson exprimée dans ces textes ?” or “Est-ce que la sagesse et la folie ont les mêmes sources?” This type of essay allows for an exploration of a question through knowledge of a corpus as well as through an individual’s cultural knowledge. The format for a dissertation consists of:

i. An introduction, in which you present the topic addressed, the significance of your argument, and the trajectory of your ideas.

ii. The body which, like a commentaire composé, consists of a tripartite development of your argument. This can follow any one of the following structures: a dialectical schema, organized into thèse, antithèse, and synthèse – an argument, its counter-argument, and its rebuttal; an analytical schema, consisting of the description of a situation, an analysis of its causes, and commentary on its consequences; a thematic schema, which consists of a reflection on a topic which you proceed to examine from different angles in an orderly fashion.

iii. A conclusion, in which you address the different ways in which you have approached the question at hand and how this deepens your insights, while placing the question within a broader context that shows room for expansion. The conclusion can open up the topic addressed to show its placement within a literary movement, or in opposition to another literary movement that follows it, for example.

NB: Approach the question at hand with as few preconceptions as possible. If you are writing on a quotation, gather all of your knowledge about its author, the work in which it appears, and the body of literature with which it is associated.

Caveat: Even for a personal reflection, such as a dissertation, avoid using the first person pronoun je. Nous or on are preferable. It is advisable not to switch from one to the other, though.

For each of these essay forms, it is a good idea to make an outline to which you can refer as you write. As your writing progresses, things may shift a bit, but having a structure on which you can rely as you gather your various ideas and information into a coherent argument provides solid foundation for a clear and well-developed essay. This also facilitates smooth transitions from one section of your essay to the next.

During your reading, you may encounter a problem, a contradiction, or a surprising turn of phrase that is difficult to figure out. Such moments in a text give you the opportunity to delve into the unique characteristics of the text or corpus to which you are referring, to propose different solutions to the problems you encounter, and to describe their significance within a larger literary, philosophical, and historical context. Essay writing allows you to become more familiar with French works, with their cultural significance, and with the French language. You can refer to the following resources to guide you in this endeavor:

Auffret, Serge et Hélène. Le commentaire composé. Paris: Hachette, 1991. Dufau, Micheline et Ellen D'Alelio. Découverte du poème: Introduction à l'explication de textes. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1967. Grammont, Maurice. Petit traité de versification française. Paris: A. Colin, 2015. Huisman, Denis et L. R. Plazolles. L’art de la dissertation littéraire : du baccalauréat au C.A.P.E.S. Paris : Société d’édition d’enseignement supérieur, 1965.

The French newspaper Le Monde also has good articles on these essay forms that prepare French students for the baccalauréat exam: CLICK HERE

This is also a website with thorough information on essay writing techniques that prepare students for the baccalauréat exam: CLICK HERE

In addition, the University of Adelaide has tips for general essay writing in French: CLICK HERE

🇫🇷 Looking for More French Resources?

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How to Say the Countries of the World in French

World Geography and French in One Simple Language Lesson

  • Pronunciation & Conversation
  • Resources For Teachers

Learning the French names for countries is relatively easy if you are already familiar with the name in English. In most instances, the translation is as simple as attaching something like - ique  or  -ie  to the end of the name. That means that this a very easy French lesson which students of any level can learn.

Les Pays en Français

Below is a list of virtually all of the countries in the world, organized alphabetically from English to French. As you study geography in the French language, you will find it useful to learn how to speak about the countries and be able to use them in sentences.

Remember that you need to use a definite article (the "the," such as  le or  la ) for countries. Some of the countries do not have a definite article because they are islands. Articles are normally not used with islands.

You will also need to know the gender of the country in order to use it in a preposition . Nearly all countries that end in - e are feminine, and the rest are masculine. There are just a few exceptions:

  • le Cambodge
  • le Mozambique
  • le Zimbabwe

In those cases and for countries that use  l'  as the definitive article, the gender is indicated next to the name.

  • What French Prepositions Go With Countries and Continents?
  • Free French Worksheets
  • What Are the French Names of Countries, Nationalities, and Languages?
  • An Introduction to French Articles
  • How to Say All 50 Us States in French (And Why We Should Care)
  • Masculine and Feminine French Nouns ~ Noms
  • Canadian Provinces and Territories Translated to French
  • Top 10 Beginning French Mistakes
  • It's 'Ces Filles' in French, Not 'Cettes'
  • Determining the Gender of French Nouns
  • How and When to Use French Possessive Pronouns
  • Top 10 Advanced French Mistakes
  • The French Calendar: Speaking of Days, Weeks, Months and Seasons
  • Prepositions: Small and Mighty Words That Drive French Sentences
  • How to Use French-English Dictionaries
  • Learn to Use the French Word 'Tout' and Its Variations

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English-speaking ghana may adopt french as an official language: why, stéphanie fillion.

  • • May 20, 2019

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my country ghana essay in french

Ghana, one of the few English-speaking holdouts in Francophone-heavy West Africa, is suddenly talking about adopting French as an official language.

In 2017, Emmanuel Macron became the first  French president to visit this former English colony in 60 years. At the time, Nana Akufo-Addo had been president of Ghana only a few months and had already signaled a fondness for the language of Molière by pushing for more French classes in his country’s educational system.

When Macron was in Accra, the capital, Nii Kotei-Nikoi, a Ghanaian Ph.D. student at the University of Massachusetts recalled, a French flag was hanging at the top of Ghana’s Independence Arc, a monument celebrating the country’s independence from its former colonizer, Britain.

“It’s just an example of how little critical thinking there is about our past colonial history with Europe and how the discourse is uncritical and unprogressive,” he told PassBlue in an interview. “How can a nation put a French flag over its Independence Arc?”

Don't miss a  story,  Subscribe to PassBlue

During Macron’s visit in 2017, he was greeted not only by this symbol but also with accolades by Ghana’s president, an openly Francophile fan. Yet Akufo-Addo was surprisingly blunt in speaking about his country’s “mind-set of dependence” on Western aid, causing a stir in Macron’s presence.

“Our concern should be what do we need to do in this 21st century to move Africa away from being cap in hand and begging for aid, for charity, for handouts,” he said as Macron fidgeted nearby (video below).

The Ghanaian president speaks French fluently, having spent five years at the international law firm Coudert Brothers in Paris. Last year, he told colleagues at the International Organization of the Francophonie, or OIF, that his dream was to live in a bilingual Ghana.

Multilingual might be a more accurate word, unofficially speaking: along with English, about 15 percent of Ghana’s population also speaks Ashanti, 14 percent Ewe and 11.6 percent Fante. Seven other African languages are more common than French, which is spoken by fewer than one percent of Ghana’s 28.8 million inhabitants.

Signs nonetheless point to a Francophone future in Ghana’s political circle. Its foreign affairs minister, Shirley Ayorkor Botchwey, reiterated Akufo-Addo’s desire for a second official language in March, during a weeklong Francophonie festival in Accra. The president’s initial announcement took place a few months after Macron launched his plan to promote the teaching of French around the world in 2018, including spending millions of euros to support African countries wanting to expand French education.

France has also invested 2 million euros in “multilingualism,” teaching African traditional languages, although it is unclear if Ghana is part of the initiative. The French foreign ministry did not respond to requests for more information.

While France’s influence in Ghana’s decision is unclear, if it goes ahead with Akufo-Addo’s plan, that would signal a win for both the Élysée Palace and the OIF. Yet West Africa is still dominated by the continent’s most populous and most powerful country, Nigeria, which is English-speaking and a neighbor of Ghana. Liberia and Sierra Leone, other Anglophone nations, are also nearby.

Ghana has close economic ties to France: Ghana is the seventh recipient of French investments in Africa, and bilateral trade between the two countries totaled more than 500 million euros in 2017, or about $558 million.

Douglas Yates, an expert in Francafrique (France’s foreign policy in Africa) and a professor at the American Graduate School in Paris, thinks that some French diplomats may support the move.

“I don’t see any particular interest France could have in Ghana that the Ivory Coast or another West African country doesn’t have,” he said. From “a regional point of view, Ghana can use French to make regional connections — French would serve Ghana better than any other language.”

The push makes sense geopolitically speaking. The African continent now represents half of the world’s French-speaking population.  Although Macron has voiced support for increased independence among former French colonies in Africa, France’s cultural influence, also  referred  to as “soft power,” remains strong.

“If you want to reach out to France, appeal to them through culture,” Yates told PassBlue.

Economically, politicians say, Ghana would have much to gain by bonding with other Francophone countries, including Ivory Coast, Togo and Burkina Faso, which surround it on three sides. But locals aren’t quite sure. According to Nii Kotei-Nikoi, the Ph.D. student, it is sometimes easier for people in the region to do business in local languages, which many countries often share.

For example, Ewe is also widely spoken in Togo, and Ashanti languages are also spoken in Ivory Coast. Even in countries where French is the official language, Kotei-Nikoi noted that local languages tended to be widely spoken, mostly by people who are not part of the “elite,” he said. Finding a balance between teaching local and foreign languages seems difficult to achieve, but Ghana seems more inclined to invest in teaching French than teaching indigenous languages.

“Many indicators are positive: There’s political will, there’s a need and a positive answer,” Alexandre Wolff, director of the French Language Observatory at the OIF, told PassBlue. “That is most clearly understood by Ghana’s geographical situation. The regional economic union is rising and Ghana has every interest to become Francophone.”

Yet some people in Ghana say that making French an official language will ignore the nation’s deep ties to African culture and indigenous languages.

A Ghanaian rapper, Okyeame Kwame, denounced the foreign minister’s announcement in March, saying in a  tweet:  “French as a second language is disrespectful to our pride and culture, it is bad enough that our first language is another person’s language. What is wrong with making one of our local languages our first language?”

Kotei-Nikoi echoes this idea: “I don’t like the hierarchy of colonial languages in Ghana,” he said. “Why not promote the teaching of our local languages, that are underfunded, along the ones of French and English?”

While Wolff notes that French classes tailored for hotel, restaurant and business workers could be an economic boost, Akufo-Addo’s vision of children reading both Shakespeare and Victor Hugo is easier voiced than attained. Ghana does not have enough French-speaking instructors to serve more than a handful of private students.

“Most students who learn French do it through private schools or the Alliance Française,” Wolff said. The Alliance Française, which promotes French around the world, charges about $150 for 100 hours of class time.

Stephanie Fillion

Stéphanie Fillion is a New York-based reporter specializing in foreign affairs and human rights who has been writing for PassBlue regularly for a year, including co-producing UN-Scripted, a new podcast series on global affairs through a UN lens. She has a master’s degree in journalism, politics and global affairs from Columbia University and a B.A. in political science from McGill University. Fillion was awarded a European Union in Canada Young Journalists fellowship in 2015 and was an editorial fellow for La Stampa in 2017. She speaks French, English and Italian.

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my country ghana essay in french

Introduction

As a citizen, it is important that you acquire some basic knowledge about your country. Anything that makes your country unique must be known by every citizen.

In this lesson, you will learn about the Ghanaian national anthem, the national pledge, the national flag, the coat of arms, the administrative regions and some important towns in Ghana You will also learn about relief and drainage features among others.

All these make Ghana different from other countries and must be known by every Ghanaian.

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Why English-Speaking Ghana May Adopt French as an Official Language

French as an Official Language

Ghana, one of the few English-speaking holdouts in Francophone-heavy West Africa, is suddenly talking about adopting French as an official language.

In 2017, Emmanuel Macron became the first French president to visit this former English colony in 60 years. At the time, Nana Akufo-Addo had been president of Ghana only a few months and had already signaled a fondness for the language of Molière by pushing for more French classes in his country’s educational system.

When Macron was in Accra, the capital, Nii Kotei-Nikoi, a Ghanaian Ph.D. student at the University of Massachusetts recalled, a French flag was hanging at the top of Ghana’s Independence Arc, a monument celebrating the country’s independence from its former colonizer, Britain.

“It’s just an example of how little critical thinking there is about our past colonial history with Europe and how the discourse is uncritical and unprogressive,” he told PassBlue in an interview. “How can a nation put a French flag over its Independence Arc?”

During Macron’s visit in 2017, he was greeted not only by this symbol but also with accolades by Ghana’s president, an openly Francophile fan. Yet Akufo-Addo was surprisingly blunt in speaking about his country’s “mind-set of dependence” on Western aid, causing a stir in Macron’s presence.

“Our concern should be what do we need to do in this 21st century to move Africa away from being cap in hand and begging for aid, for charity, for handouts,” he said as Macron fidgeted nearby.

The Ghanaian president speaks French fluently, having spent five years at the international law firm Coudert Brothers in Paris. Last year, he told colleagues at the International Organization of the Francophonie, or OIF, that his dream was to live in a bilingual Ghana.

Multilingual might be a more accurate word, unofficially speaking: along with English, about 15 percent of Ghana’s population also speaks Ashanti, 14 percent Ewe and 11.6 percent Fante. Seven other African languages are more common than French, which is spoken by fewer than one percent of Ghana’s 28.8 million inhabitants.

Signs nonetheless point to a Francophone future in Ghana’s political circle. Its foreign affairs minister, Shirley Ayorkor Botchwey, reiterated Akufo-Addo’s desire for a second official language in March, during a weeklong Francophonie festival in Accra. The president’s initial announcement took place a few months after Macron launched his plan to promote the teaching of French around the world in 2018, including spending millions of euros to support African countries wanting to expand French education.

France has also invested 2 million euros in “multilingualism,” teaching African traditional languages, although it is unclear if Ghana is part of the initiative. The French foreign ministry did not respond to requests for more information.

While France’s influence in Ghana’s decision is unclear, if it goes ahead with Akufo-Addo’s plan, that would signal a win for both the Élysée Palace and the OIF. Yet West Africa is still dominated by the continent’s most populous and most powerful country, Nigeria, which is English-speaking and a neighbor of Ghana. Liberia and Sierra Leone, other Anglophone nations, are also nearby.

Ghana has close economic ties to France: Ghana is the seventh recipient of French investments in Africa, and bilateral trade between the two countries totaled more than 500 million euros in 2017, or about $558 million.

Douglas Yates, an expert in Francafrique (France’s foreign policy in Africa) and a professor at the American Graduate School in Paris, thinks that some French diplomats may support the move.

“I don’t see any particular interest France could have in Ghana that the Ivory Coast or another West African country doesn’t have,” he said. From “a regional point of view, Ghana can use French to make regional connections — French would serve Ghana better than any other language.”

The push makes sense geopolitically speaking. The African continent now represents half of the world’s French-speaking population.  Although Macron has voiced support for increased independence among former French colonies in Africa, France’s cultural influence, also  referred  to as “soft power,” remains strong.

“If you want to reach out to France, appeal to them through culture,” Yates told PassBlue.

Economically, politicians say, Ghana would have much to gain by bonding with other Francophone countries, including Ivory Coast, Togo and Burkina Faso, which surround it on three sides. But locals aren’t quite sure. According to Nii Kotei-Nikoi, the Ph.D. student, it is sometimes easier for people in the region to do business in local languages, which many countries often share.

For example, Ewe is also widely spoken in Togo, and Ashanti languages are also spoken in Ivory Coast. Even in countries where French is the official language, Kotei-Nikoi noted that local languages tended to be widely spoken, mostly by people who are not part of the “elite,” he said. Finding a balance between teaching local and foreign languages seems difficult to achieve, but Ghana seems more inclined to invest in teaching French than teaching indigenous languages.

“Many indicators are positive: There’s political will, there’s a need and a positive answer,” Alexandre Wolff, director of the French Language Observatory at the OIF, told PassBlue. “That is most clearly understood by Ghana’s geographical situation. The regional economic union is rising and Ghana has every interest to become Francophone.”

Yet some people in Ghana say that making French an official language will ignore the nation’s deep ties to African culture and indigenous languages.

A Ghanaian rapper, Okyeame Kwame, denounced the foreign minister’s announcement in March, saying in a tweet: “French as a second language is disrespectful to our pride and culture, it is bad enough that our first language is another person’s language. What is wrong with making one of our local languages our first language?”

Kotei-Nikoi echoes this idea: “I don’t like the hierarchy of colonial languages in Ghana,” he said. “Why not promote the teaching of our local languages, that are underfunded, along the ones of French and English?”

While Wolff notes that French classes tailored for hotel, restaurant and business workers could be an economic boost, Akufo-Addo’s vision of children reading both Shakespeare and Victor Hugo is easier voiced than attained. Ghana does not have enough French-speaking instructors to serve more than a handful of private students.

“Most students who learn French do it through private schools or the Alliance Française,” Wolff said.

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May 5, 2021 at 3:51 pm

I am very pleased to read this publication. I have always believed that Ghana would benefit tremendously at different levels, from teaching French as second language in the education system.

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republic of guinea labour- justice – solidarity high institute of sciences education of guinea (lambanyi isseg) high school teachers department english: section session – 2013-2014 20th promotion: final report training school: lycée boubacar biro diallo (l. sangoya) candidate: fofana ismael register: 101116019 supervisor: docter moustapha diallo my host teacher: mr. sidiki kourouma head master: mr. mamadou barry   1- introduction 2- presentation of the school 3- organization chart 4- pedagogic aspects ( training techer) 5- suggestions and recommendation 6- conclucions   1- introduction: the higher institute of science education of guinea (isseg) is a leader in educational innovation within its economic offerings. the students may peruse their graduation degrees. this institution offers a wide range; including teachers education training programs and management in the class room; the goal of the institution is to provide students with the best training and education available to fill the employment opportunities of the future in education; government and private sector isseg is proud to have high standards for teachers preparations and requires; of all the major and the minor fields of study as well in their professional education. isseg provides teaches for working in any school program which includes adolescents. the english section of education program prepares students to teach subjects at the secondary level. the program focuses on preparing prospective teachers for the challenges of teaching in this target country. where students are not much interesting in the english language; my institution also provides students with the knowledge and skills needed to succeed in today’s dynamic words. isseg offered a specific education for teachers to increase the quality for all the students in skills flexibility and knowledge to make of or the students personal competence; responsible in class room situation and continue development; advancement for the future generation. i whist to acknowledge with thanks the authority of isseg ; they have tried to help me in these four years study ; but in any case where i may have failed will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity in this document. my institutions also provide students with knowledge that will allow them to adopt in teachers program of teaching in secondary school. my pleased at isseg will be the last breath i draw the last word and i speak in education for all children; all men and all women in this country. i am going to divide this document in six parts.   2- presentation of the school a- geographical situation: lycée sangoyah i call here lycée boubacar biro diallo; it is a public school; which is located in the commune of matoto. it is about twenty (20) km from down to city (kaloum). actually it is one the very big schools of the capital city of guinea big school (conakry). which is bordered on the east by the sector of kissosso; on the west by the big junction of sangoyah always called chemist. on the north by the primary school of sangoyah and the secondary; on the south by the soldier camp and one part of the market of sangoyah. b- assignment of mission of the school: is to educate and to teach the children how to read, write, and speak fluently in our colonialism language which is french and english to improve their knowledge in the future. the mission is also in whatever way to improve the quality of the best students, for let us serve our own community and those fulfil the highest level in education. c- historic of the school: lycée sangoyah is founded in 1962, the land has been giving by elhadj ba lancé. they built two (2) classes. two (2) years ago they added two other classes. two fundamental languages were taught in the school at that time. arabic and french. four classes for arabic; and four other classes for french. in 2007, the government decided to transform the primary school in to the high school which we called in french (lycée). because they were too many students at high school yimbaya, so they planned that to make it as lycée , for all the students have changed ,to study at same time with the others . the first head master was mr. sekou camara and the first censor was mr thiam. but in 2007 the school never produced candidate in the national exam; because they just sent by the autority. the eleventh and twelfth grade up to next coming year in 2007. nowadays they are many successes in this school. now lycée sangoya has been called lycée ‘’aboubacar biro diallo’’. d- activity: the essential activity is an education not just to lean languages but also to control people (student) behavior about the live in society. the way of talking to people ; teachers have a lot of works to do at school ; , different people equal different behavior if you have for example ,ten students means that you teacher ; you have ten behavior to control very difficult to deal with them. so the specific activities of the school are to educate students and also satisfied the mental hanger. e- structure: the structure lycée sangoyah is divided in to four (4): the hear master, the censor, the teachers and the students. f- costumer: the number of students are increasing at lycée sangoyah; the performance of the teachers, all of them are young; and they have a lot of courage to the teach the students. there are many successes each year the national exam. from 2007 lycée sangoyah deals with fundamental, build a foundation and furnish a plan for human structure. many student come from anther school to pursue their study in this school. in the matter of customers, the school is very plenty of student. so, you can say that in two years ago students. will be back of rooms where they can learn.   3- organization chart   a- training personnel or framing it is fifteen them: one head master two censors five advisors of positioning three advisors of education; two sanctities of archivist; and two secretaries of offices. b- personal teachers: there are forty five (45) teachers at lycée sangoyah ‘’aboubacar biro diallo’’ eight teachers of french language four teachers of physics ; four teachers or chemistry; four teachers of history ; two teachers of geography; two teachers of economics ; four teachers of philosophy ; six teachers of english language ; four teachers of biology one of geology; two teachers of civic education and six teachers of mathematics. c- techinc groups: there are four groups: social sciences, natural sciences, exact sciences, and physics education sciences. d- numbers of classes: there are twenty four classes at lycee sangoya ‘’ aboubacar biro diallo’’  eleventh grade have four two classes rooms for social sciences, one class rooms for mathematics sciences; and one class room for natural sciences.  twelfth grade has four classes for social sciences; two classes for mathematics sciences and two classes for natural sciences.  terminal grade have six class rooms for social sciences; two classes for mathematics sciences and there classes rooms for natural sciences e- number of students: the global number of students at lycée sangoyah ‘’aboubacar biro diallo ‘’ is 2075 (two thousand seventy five) ss boys are 1.440 one thousand four hundred forty, 635 (six hundred thirty five girls. f- role of my host teacher: the first time i met him; he was very happy to see me among them and he asked me about some document like mobel grammar book but that was surprising me he said that he would like to see me as a teacher, to respect time, to be fair, to avoid girls problems among the students. g- integrate training and mode of training: the first time i never accepted to start teaching that day ; i went to the back of the class room and watched my host ; after one week he gave me a topic to prepare ; the next class i gave my course . students were understanding as far as i going through into the topic until the end. h- regular frequencies: i always respected the time and code of conduct of school, in this plan my host teacher really appreciated me. the control of the head master and the censor was regular. i - place and space of work: i would like to launch my voice to the government and all people of isseg the ministry of the pre-university education, to help the high school of ‘’biro diallo’’ because they are in lack of space. j- work conduit: the condition very pitiful; the class room of lycée ‘’biro diallo’’ sangoyah are in disorders. the roof , the metal are good, the benches are polled where the students can sit some benches , are broken ;in the other hand the class room are painted , ceiling in all the class room ; even the offices of the head master and the censor . let the in charge of education; look forward for all the school in the country particularly lycée ‘’boubacar biro diallo‘’. from the twelve o’clock to fourteen very difficult to teacher in some school of the country because of climate and all back boards are not good condition. you can see the writing very difficult.   4- pedagogic aspect: teacher training my time table during the teaching practice: days hours classes monday 14h -18h 12 ss wednesday 14h -18h 12 se friday 8h -14h 12 ss a- rollment of the activities: my host teacher and i were serious in our activities; on monday evening i respected the time because students were very interested in my course. after one week works with him. he gave me the chance to continue with all these classes. i found that teaching: i took all my time to do my best in this school. each end of my course i gave the home work to present the next class; we continued with this system for one month. my host teacher commended me to prepare a lesson about sharing information on how spend your time that was one saturday evening. b- the objective during my training practice: my objective is to be able to serve my country as an english teacher and also to respect the rules in class rooms situation. today i am a student trainer one day i will be called; to teach. so i have a specific aim during my training; many student do not not have access to the english language my goal is to help them .to learn more as an english teacher once it is the first international language. some people found that learning a foreign language is very difficult; but not the case in my side. i loved english since i was in secondary school. during my teaching practice i found that education it is an action that can develop physic and intellectual faculty and moral for youth in this country. it is an opportunity for teachers to solve education problems. c- the surmount obstacles: i had many difficulties when i started the teaching practice managing more than hundred people in one class room is not easy. the first time i met them; how to maintain silence in the classroom; and to create contract between student and the teachers. generally french schools do not too much care aboot english language; it is reason that english teacher have to encourage the students; so that they can participate. the students are monolingual; they always ask the meaning of new works; the teachers have to be able to answer immediately; and students can get the meaning of language quickly. d- course like followed: i met my host teacher at the end of the program but of my courage i did many things with him i would like to tell the institution. to send the students very quickly on the field at least on february. so that they can do a lot of works with the host teacher. example: of course that i followed: unit …. distinguishing objects of the same kind by size and shape the language is: promise plus subject of nom. for this unit you have to write the text before yours students and explain very clearly. 1-usage: with adjective. s + nom + adv + c s + verb+ adjective e- the book that i used during: my teacher practice is my own book of english language ‘’ mobel’’ f- what i learn during my teaching practice: i experiment many the students; teaching is input and output. i gave them by best. if your want to learn the new language always try as a teacher to give the students the structure of language ; how to learn it but not to speak as a native speaker of the language.   5- suggestions and recommendations: i would like to tell the government of guinea and the leader ship of the higher institute sciences of education of guinea (isseg).their best to improve the quality of education and the work the condition in our institute. many things remain; they need to look forward to solve not only for us but for the coming generation i would like also to draw the attention of my section and ; all the heard of (isseg) to send the fourth students very quickly on their teaching practice. in case of time; we always met a lot of problems only two weeks is very short the for the good training practice. i also suggest adding these following subjects by starting in the second year till fourth (4) years in english section according to their important in our formation as teachers of english language in french country. they are: translation; methodology. teaching practice and stepping into research. a modern person is someone who knows computer; driving; and well education in english; french .and so on. but unfortunately our institution or (isseg) do not have many computers our library is also in lack of english book why? i suggest that many the government take education in services because education is in life. i suggest that again to the government of guinea to investigate more in education because the ministry of higher research do not have materials and passivity to supervise all the institution and the courage of the english section. i am going to attend my goal. the government or the ministry of higher education should help lycee sangoyah which is to day call lycee ‘’ boubacar biro diallo ‘’ to improve the quality students; the buildings are new but the number of the students are increasing; and this can be the fundamental problem of school. it is very important to notice people who know nothing about english die in ignorance. i also suggest the government of guinea and all the heard of (isseg) higher institute science education of guinea , let then in whatever way do their best to qualified the students life , to create each year ; different kind of sports for men and women, but i noticed that our institution very poor’s for this activity program . it is very important to learn through group involvement and community service. i recommend my institution for these proposition; that i would like them to pursue. - promote the personal and leadership development of students. - create a welcoming and encouraging school environment. - encourage students to see their potential citizens in a global country. i suggest to our leadership of (isseg) to pursue their good well that are generating for trainee teachers, so that they can be easily employed. from 1978 all 2010 all students coming from (isseg) were employed, but since 2011 it has been hindered, i recommend the government to forward for this specific problem. which can demotivate the coming generation. i hope that, on behalf all the students of (isseg) my suggestion and recommendation will draw your attention and will be taken into a count for profit and with scores more planned for the immediate.   6- conclusion: all human being are born free and equal in dignity and right. there are endowed with and conscience. they should act to wart one another in a spirit of brother hood. after four years of study at (isseg) as training teacher. time has come for me to leave. i am very happy that i have been given all my opportunities to express my feeling in spite of difficulties; i met during my study. i pry god the almighty who has given me the health and courage to reach at this level. many thank to my parents particularly ; my mother tiranké kaba and my father sekou fofana ; my sister siré fofana ; fanta fofana baboye donzo ; bintou sanoh ; sir 2sanoh; fatim; tata sanoh. my brothers youssouf donzo ; laye adama donzo; mamady komah ;ismael cherif; who is always called by his friends (grotto) sanuka konneh ; nfacé camara . laye camara ; fassidiki fofana and all those from my village morygbèdou and koundou klb. all my gratitude to the following people massigbé kourouma ; sidiki traore ; aissatou baldé; catherine doré ; zée kaba ;makoura ;mawa souaré ; mamou cherif; fanta konneh and 1er porte members ; yaya ;laye condé ; jpk . i whist them success in any business they undertake. i one again thank my mother who the tireless support me during my study. all my gratitude to the authorities of isseg. who initiated this training program for teachers in secondary school and i hope that it will be continues. my thanks to all my classmates; but also to the following teachers: mr. mamadou barry (head of section) mr. zaoro nanamou; mr. abdoul gadiri; amadou oury bah (translation teacher). i will never forget them in my life; because they did their best to improve the quality of my learning (the english language). i hope that my suggestion will draw their attention for the coming generation. may ammah the almighty guide us? in my conclusion i can say that’s. ‘’education is life’’ all my gratitude to those whose names i cannot include in this document; but whose moral contributions were instrumental as well.

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  • 5 Steps to Getting Started with Llama 2
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  • Introducing Code Llama, a state-of-the-art large language model for coding
  • Meta and Microsoft Introduce the Next Generation of Llama
  • Today, we’re introducing Meta Llama 3, the next generation of our state-of-the-art open source large language model.
  • Llama 3 models will soon be available on AWS, Databricks, Google Cloud, Hugging Face, Kaggle, IBM WatsonX, Microsoft Azure, NVIDIA NIM, and Snowflake, and with support from hardware platforms offered by AMD, AWS, Dell, Intel, NVIDIA, and Qualcomm.
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Today, we’re excited to share the first two models of the next generation of Llama, Meta Llama 3, available for broad use. This release features pretrained and instruction-fine-tuned language models with 8B and 70B parameters that can support a broad range of use cases. This next generation of Llama demonstrates state-of-the-art performance on a wide range of industry benchmarks and offers new capabilities, including improved reasoning. We believe these are the best open source models of their class, period. In support of our longstanding open approach, we’re putting Llama 3 in the hands of the community. We want to kickstart the next wave of innovation in AI across the stack—from applications to developer tools to evals to inference optimizations and more. We can’t wait to see what you build and look forward to your feedback.

Our goals for Llama 3

With Llama 3, we set out to build the best open models that are on par with the best proprietary models available today. We wanted to address developer feedback to increase the overall helpfulness of Llama 3 and are doing so while continuing to play a leading role on responsible use and deployment of LLMs. We are embracing the open source ethos of releasing early and often to enable the community to get access to these models while they are still in development. The text-based models we are releasing today are the first in the Llama 3 collection of models. Our goal in the near future is to make Llama 3 multilingual and multimodal, have longer context, and continue to improve overall performance across core LLM capabilities such as reasoning and coding.

State-of-the-art performance

Our new 8B and 70B parameter Llama 3 models are a major leap over Llama 2 and establish a new state-of-the-art for LLM models at those scales. Thanks to improvements in pretraining and post-training, our pretrained and instruction-fine-tuned models are the best models existing today at the 8B and 70B parameter scale. Improvements in our post-training procedures substantially reduced false refusal rates, improved alignment, and increased diversity in model responses. We also saw greatly improved capabilities like reasoning, code generation, and instruction following making Llama 3 more steerable.

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*Please see evaluation details for setting and parameters with which these evaluations are calculated.

In the development of Llama 3, we looked at model performance on standard benchmarks and also sought to optimize for performance for real-world scenarios. To this end, we developed a new high-quality human evaluation set. This evaluation set contains 1,800 prompts that cover 12 key use cases: asking for advice, brainstorming, classification, closed question answering, coding, creative writing, extraction, inhabiting a character/persona, open question answering, reasoning, rewriting, and summarization. To prevent accidental overfitting of our models on this evaluation set, even our own modeling teams do not have access to it. The chart below shows aggregated results of our human evaluations across of these categories and prompts against Claude Sonnet, Mistral Medium, and GPT-3.5.

my country ghana essay in french

Preference rankings by human annotators based on this evaluation set highlight the strong performance of our 70B instruction-following model compared to competing models of comparable size in real-world scenarios.

Our pretrained model also establishes a new state-of-the-art for LLM models at those scales.

my country ghana essay in french

To develop a great language model, we believe it’s important to innovate, scale, and optimize for simplicity. We adopted this design philosophy throughout the Llama 3 project with a focus on four key ingredients: the model architecture, the pretraining data, scaling up pretraining, and instruction fine-tuning.

Model architecture

In line with our design philosophy, we opted for a relatively standard decoder-only transformer architecture in Llama 3. Compared to Llama 2, we made several key improvements. Llama 3 uses a tokenizer with a vocabulary of 128K tokens that encodes language much more efficiently, which leads to substantially improved model performance. To improve the inference efficiency of Llama 3 models, we’ve adopted grouped query attention (GQA) across both the 8B and 70B sizes. We trained the models on sequences of 8,192 tokens, using a mask to ensure self-attention does not cross document boundaries.

Training data

To train the best language model, the curation of a large, high-quality training dataset is paramount. In line with our design principles, we invested heavily in pretraining data. Llama 3 is pretrained on over 15T tokens that were all collected from publicly available sources. Our training dataset is seven times larger than that used for Llama 2, and it includes four times more code. To prepare for upcoming multilingual use cases, over 5% of the Llama 3 pretraining dataset consists of high-quality non-English data that covers over 30 languages. However, we do not expect the same level of performance in these languages as in English.

To ensure Llama 3 is trained on data of the highest quality, we developed a series of data-filtering pipelines. These pipelines include using heuristic filters, NSFW filters, semantic deduplication approaches, and text classifiers to predict data quality. We found that previous generations of Llama are surprisingly good at identifying high-quality data, hence we used Llama 2 to generate the training data for the text-quality classifiers that are powering Llama 3.

We also performed extensive experiments to evaluate the best ways of mixing data from different sources in our final pretraining dataset. These experiments enabled us to select a data mix that ensures that Llama 3 performs well across use cases including trivia questions, STEM, coding, historical knowledge, etc.

Scaling up pretraining

To effectively leverage our pretraining data in Llama 3 models, we put substantial effort into scaling up pretraining. Specifically, we have developed a series of detailed scaling laws for downstream benchmark evaluations. These scaling laws enable us to select an optimal data mix and to make informed decisions on how to best use our training compute. Importantly, scaling laws allow us to predict the performance of our largest models on key tasks (for example, code generation as evaluated on the HumanEval benchmark—see above) before we actually train the models. This helps us ensure strong performance of our final models across a variety of use cases and capabilities.

We made several new observations on scaling behavior during the development of Llama 3. For example, while the Chinchilla-optimal amount of training compute for an 8B parameter model corresponds to ~200B tokens, we found that model performance continues to improve even after the model is trained on two orders of magnitude more data. Both our 8B and 70B parameter models continued to improve log-linearly after we trained them on up to 15T tokens. Larger models can match the performance of these smaller models with less training compute, but smaller models are generally preferred because they are much more efficient during inference.

To train our largest Llama 3 models, we combined three types of parallelization: data parallelization, model parallelization, and pipeline parallelization. Our most efficient implementation achieves a compute utilization of over 400 TFLOPS per GPU when trained on 16K GPUs simultaneously. We performed training runs on two custom-built 24K GPU clusters . To maximize GPU uptime, we developed an advanced new training stack that automates error detection, handling, and maintenance. We also greatly improved our hardware reliability and detection mechanisms for silent data corruption, and we developed new scalable storage systems that reduce overheads of checkpointing and rollback. Those improvements resulted in an overall effective training time of more than 95%. Combined, these improvements increased the efficiency of Llama 3 training by ~three times compared to Llama 2.

Instruction fine-tuning

To fully unlock the potential of our pretrained models in chat use cases, we innovated on our approach to instruction-tuning as well. Our approach to post-training is a combination of supervised fine-tuning (SFT), rejection sampling, proximal policy optimization (PPO), and direct preference optimization (DPO). The quality of the prompts that are used in SFT and the preference rankings that are used in PPO and DPO has an outsized influence on the performance of aligned models. Some of our biggest improvements in model quality came from carefully curating this data and performing multiple rounds of quality assurance on annotations provided by human annotators.

Learning from preference rankings via PPO and DPO also greatly improved the performance of Llama 3 on reasoning and coding tasks. We found that if you ask a model a reasoning question that it struggles to answer, the model will sometimes produce the right reasoning trace: The model knows how to produce the right answer, but it does not know how to select it. Training on preference rankings enables the model to learn how to select it.

Building with Llama 3

Our vision is to enable developers to customize Llama 3 to support relevant use cases and to make it easier to adopt best practices and improve the open ecosystem. With this release, we’re providing new trust and safety tools including updated components with both Llama Guard 2 and Cybersec Eval 2, and the introduction of Code Shield—an inference time guardrail for filtering insecure code produced by LLMs.

We’ve also co-developed Llama 3 with torchtune , the new PyTorch-native library for easily authoring, fine-tuning, and experimenting with LLMs. torchtune provides memory efficient and hackable training recipes written entirely in PyTorch. The library is integrated with popular platforms such as Hugging Face, Weights & Biases, and EleutherAI and even supports Executorch for enabling efficient inference to be run on a wide variety of mobile and edge devices. For everything from prompt engineering to using Llama 3 with LangChain we have a comprehensive getting started guide and takes you from downloading Llama 3 all the way to deployment at scale within your generative AI application.

A system-level approach to responsibility

We have designed Llama 3 models to be maximally helpful while ensuring an industry leading approach to responsibly deploying them. To achieve this, we have adopted a new, system-level approach to the responsible development and deployment of Llama. We envision Llama models as part of a broader system that puts the developer in the driver’s seat. Llama models will serve as a foundational piece of a system that developers design with their unique end goals in mind.

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Instruction fine-tuning also plays a major role in ensuring the safety of our models. Our instruction-fine-tuned models have been red-teamed (tested) for safety through internal and external efforts. ​​Our red teaming approach leverages human experts and automation methods to generate adversarial prompts that try to elicit problematic responses. For instance, we apply comprehensive testing to assess risks of misuse related to Chemical, Biological, Cyber Security, and other risk areas. All of these efforts are iterative and used to inform safety fine-tuning of the models being released. You can read more about our efforts in the model card .

Llama Guard models are meant to be a foundation for prompt and response safety and can easily be fine-tuned to create a new taxonomy depending on application needs. As a starting point, the new Llama Guard 2 uses the recently announced MLCommons taxonomy, in an effort to support the emergence of industry standards in this important area. Additionally, CyberSecEval 2 expands on its predecessor by adding measures of an LLM’s propensity to allow for abuse of its code interpreter, offensive cybersecurity capabilities, and susceptibility to prompt injection attacks (learn more in our technical paper ). Finally, we’re introducing Code Shield which adds support for inference-time filtering of insecure code produced by LLMs. This offers mitigation of risks around insecure code suggestions, code interpreter abuse prevention, and secure command execution.

With the speed at which the generative AI space is moving, we believe an open approach is an important way to bring the ecosystem together and mitigate these potential harms. As part of that, we’re updating our Responsible Use Guide (RUG) that provides a comprehensive guide to responsible development with LLMs. As we outlined in the RUG, we recommend that all inputs and outputs be checked and filtered in accordance with content guidelines appropriate to the application. Additionally, many cloud service providers offer content moderation APIs and other tools for responsible deployment, and we encourage developers to also consider using these options.

Deploying Llama 3 at scale

Llama 3 will soon be available on all major platforms including cloud providers, model API providers, and much more. Llama 3 will be everywhere .

Our benchmarks show the tokenizer offers improved token efficiency, yielding up to 15% fewer tokens compared to Llama 2. Also, Group Query Attention (GQA) now has been added to Llama 3 8B as well. As a result, we observed that despite the model having 1B more parameters compared to Llama 2 7B, the improved tokenizer efficiency and GQA contribute to maintaining the inference efficiency on par with Llama 2 7B.

For examples of how to leverage all of these capabilities, check out Llama Recipes which contains all of our open source code that can be leveraged for everything from fine-tuning to deployment to model evaluation.

What’s next for Llama 3?

The Llama 3 8B and 70B models mark the beginning of what we plan to release for Llama 3. And there’s a lot more to come.

Our largest models are over 400B parameters and, while these models are still training, our team is excited about how they’re trending. Over the coming months, we’ll release multiple models with new capabilities including multimodality, the ability to converse in multiple languages, a much longer context window, and stronger overall capabilities. We will also publish a detailed research paper once we are done training Llama 3.

To give you a sneak preview for where these models are today as they continue training, we thought we could share some snapshots of how our largest LLM model is trending. Please note that this data is based on an early checkpoint of Llama 3 that is still training and these capabilities are not supported as part of the models released today.

my country ghana essay in french

We’re committed to the continued growth and development of an open AI ecosystem for releasing our models responsibly. We have long believed that openness leads to better, safer products, faster innovation, and a healthier overall market. This is good for Meta, and it is good for society. We’re taking a community-first approach with Llama 3, and starting today, these models are available on the leading cloud, hosting, and hardware platforms with many more to come.

Try Meta Llama 3 today

We’ve integrated our latest models into Meta AI, which we believe is the world’s leading AI assistant. It’s now built with Llama 3 technology and it’s available in more countries across our apps.

You can use Meta AI on Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, Messenger, and the web to get things done, learn, create, and connect with the things that matter to you. You can read more about the Meta AI experience here .

Visit the Llama 3 website to download the models and reference the Getting Started Guide for the latest list of all available platforms.

You’ll also soon be able to test multimodal Meta AI on our Ray-Ban Meta smart glasses.

As always, we look forward to seeing all the amazing products and experiences you will build with Meta Llama 3.

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my country ghana essay in french

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  1. My Country (Ghana)

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  2. 13 Short Poems About Ghana

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  3. 13 Short Poems About Ghana

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  4. Ghana (country study)

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  1. French in Ghana

COMMENTS

  1. Write a essay on my country Ghana in french

    Barkhas13. report flag outlined. Le Ghana est une République d'Afrique, avec 238 500 Km2. Il vit 24,3 millions de personnes dans le pays, et la densité de population est de 102 km2. En Norvège, la densité de population est de 13 km2. La capitale est Accra, et il est situé sur la côte sud. Le Ghana a 46 langues différentes mais la langue ...

  2. How to write an essay in French

    The first paragraph of your French essay should briefly introduce the topic and engage the reader. Here are some examples to help you write your essay: In recent years, the [topic] has become a hotly debated issue, with [brief outline of arguments]. The [subject] has been the subject of controversy for several decades, with [brief overview of ...

  3. An agreement to reinforce the French language in Ghana

    On July 5th 2021, the Embassy of France in Ghana and the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Ghana signed a partnership agreement towards the reinforcement of the French language. Ghana and France have signed a partnership agreement aiming at reinforcing French language in Ghana. Signed by the Ambassador of France in Ghana, Her Excellency ...

  4. 100 Words Essay on Ghana

    Ghana is a country located on the west coast of Africa. It is known for its rich history, diverse culture, and natural beauty. The country is bordered by Côte d'Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, Togo to the east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the south. Ghana was the first African country to gain independence from colonial rule in ...

  5. How to Write an Essay in French Without Giving Yourself Away ...

    A commentaire de texte should be written in three parts: An introduction, where the text is presented. An argument, where the text is analyzed. A conclusion, where the analysis is summarized and elevated. Here is a handy in-depth guide to writing a successful commentaire de texte, written for French speakers.

  6. Descriptive Essay About Ghana

    Descriptive Essay About Ghana. 903 Words4 Pages. Ghana is blessed with some of the world's most beautiful beaches, the clarity in the water and beautiful white sands. While there are many beach resorts along the coast in all budgets ranges, many beaches are not developed and are mainly used for fishing by the local people. There are 4 regions ...

  7. PDF Let us learn about

    Strand 2: My country Ghana 2 The people of Ghana In Basic 2, you learnt about the people of Ghana. You also learnt about the regions they live in and found out about the capital cities of these regions. The origins of the major ethnic groups in Ghana The people of Ghana come from di erent regions and speak di erent languages.

  8. The Essay in French

    The Essay in French. The course enhances the student's knowledge and skills in essay writing acquired during the last three years (Level 100 - 300) by giving him the scope for unguided self-expression. in more complex situations and on more demanding topics/subjects. It also studies some works of some of the great masters of the art of the ...

  9. How to Write an Excellent French Essay (Resources Included)

    1. L'explication de texte. An explication de texte is a type of essay for which you complete a close reading. It is usually written about a poem or a short passage within a larger work. This close reading will elucidate different themes and stylistic devices within the text. When you are completing an explication de texte, make sure to follow ...

  10. 60 YEARS OF GHANA

    Along with the French embassy and the 'France in Ghana' network, business, academic, cultural and media partners are supporting 'France and Ghana, 1957-2017: moving forward together'. (PDF - 1.2 Mb) Press Kit. Dernière modification : 20/01/2022 top of the page.

  11. The Countries of the World in French

    le Belize. le Cambodge. le Mexique. le Mozambique. le Zaïre. le Zimbabwe. In those cases and for countries that use l' as the definitive article, the gender is indicated next to the name. English. French.

  12. English-Speaking Ghana May Adopt French as an Official ...

    President Nana Akufo-Addo of Ghana at his country's 62nd Independence Day parade, in Tamale, March 7, 2019. He has announced that French should be an official language of his country, which is surrounded by many Francophone nations. REPUBLIC OF GHANA. Ghana, one of the few English-speaking holdouts in Francophone-heavy West Africa, is ...

  13. Write an essay in french about Ghana and not more than 80 words

    Ghana is a country in West Africa known for its cultural diversity, natural resources, and political stability. Accra is its capital and French is one of its official languages. Explanation: Ghana est un pays situé en Afrique de l'Ouest. Il est connu pour sa diversité culturelle, ses ressources naturelles telles que l'or, le cacao et le ...

  14. Translate essay my country ghana in French with examples

    Contextual translation of "essay my country ghana" into French. Human translations with examples: mon pay(ghana), mon pays est ghana.

  15. Translate essay on my country ghana in French in context

    essay on my country in french. the name of my country is ghana. Last Update: 2019-01-27. Usage Frequency: 1. Quality: Reference: Anonymous. write an essay about my country ghana. ecrivez une redaction sur mon pays. Last Update: 2022-11-04.

  16. describe the country ghana in french

    Letter describing your country Ghana . Donnez deux autres exemples d'associations qui viennent en aide aux personnes appartenant à la communauté LGBTQ+ qui rencontrent des difficultés ou subissent des discriminations. star. 5/5. ... Write an essay about my school in french. heart. 68.

  17. Describing Your Town in French

    Size. First, we can use size to describe a town or village. Aside from using the adjectives grand (e) (big) or petit (e) (small), you can also state the number of inhabitants. For example: Ma ...

  18. Introduction · Our Country Ghana

    Anything that makes your country unique must be known by every citizen. In this lesson, you will learn about the Ghanaian national anthem, the national pledge, the national flag, the coat of arms, the administrative regions and some important towns in Ghana You will also learn about relief and drainage features among others.

  19. Why English-Speaking Ghana May Adopt French as an Official Language

    The contributor, Stéphanie Fillion, explains why President Nana Akufo-Addo of Ghana has announced that French should be an official language of his country. Excel Translations does not endorse, recommend, or make representations with respect to the following content. Ghana, one of the few English-speaking holdouts in Francophone-heavy West ...

  20. Who Cares About French Education In Ghana

    In all the 10 regions in Ghana, there are units or centres that are co-ordinating the teaching and learning of French in schools. These are the Centres Regionaux pour l'Enseignement de Francais (CREFs) and each region has a CREF co-ordinator and an assistant. Their duties include the co-ordination and supervision of the teaching of French in ...

  21. Translate essay my country ghanamy count in French

    Contextual translation of "essay my country ghanamy country ghana in french" into French. Human translations with examples: mon pay(ghana).

  22. My country essay in french with translation

    Answer. Explanation: India is my Country and I am proud to be an Indian. It is a best country and it ranks as the seventh largest country in the world. It is the second most populated country in the world. India is also called Bharat, Hindustan and Aryavart. It is a Peninsula Island which means it is surrounded by oceans from three sides such ...

  23. Essay on my country ghana in f in English with examples

    Add a translation. Contextual translation of "essay on my country ghana in french" into English. Human translations with examples: good morning, on my country, try on my city.

  24. Introducing Meta Llama 3: The most capable openly available LLM to date

    Today, we're introducing Meta Llama 3, the next generation of our state-of-the-art open source large language model. Llama 3 models will soon be available on AWS, Databricks, Google Cloud, Hugging Face, Kaggle, IBM WatsonX, Microsoft Azure, NVIDIA NIM, and Snowflake, and with support from hardware platforms offered by AMD, AWS, Dell, Intel ...