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How To Do a Proper Thesis Defense Using the Right PowerPoint Presentation

Writing a thesis is stressful, but preparing an oral defense can be even more painful. But it doesn’t have to be; with proper preparation and a good presentation, you will be able to better equip yourself comes time to present your thesis defense.

But what makes a good thesis defense?

A proper presentation helps you with your thesis defense because it helps you capture the panels’ attention and gives you cues and reminders on what to say as well.

It also helps keep your data organized while visually looking good and provides a flow structure for the rest of your presentation.

In today’s article, we will be giving you The Right PowerPoint Templates for Your Thesis Defense and a powerful outline composed of best practices and layouts specifically designed to help you defend your thesis in both written and oral presentations.

In the next segments of this article, we’ll walk you through the most feasible process on how to ace this kind of presentation.

Let’s dive into the outline of what makes a great thesis defense.

Thesis Defense Overview

Similarities.

• Type of Degree

Thesis and Dissertation Distinction Varies on Location

Three most common thesis defense myths, how to use chatgpt to structure your thesis.

• Introduction
• Literature Review
• Methodology
• Acknowledgements
• Questions and Answers
• Contact Information
• Tips During Your Oral Defense
• More Quick Tips on How to Present

A thesis defense is composed of two parts – a thesis and a defense.

The thesis, according to Grad School Hub , represents a student’s collective understanding of his or her program and major.

Universities often include a thesis in every course as one of the final requirements to earn a particular graduate or postgraduate degree.

The thesis, however, isn’t just a mere requirement.

It helps the students to grow out of their shell from their respective discipline and give them the opportunity to present all the findings of their study.

Moreover, some people think a thesis is just a long essay, but it’s not. Unlike an essay, a thesis needs to assert something.

This can be considered one of the most crucial research documents that a student makes during their academic schooling .

On the other hand, defense is the presentation of the pieces of evidence to support and prove your research.

It’s the most essential part of the thesis process.

Your presentation has to be prepared to answer questions from members of the committee and any other panel present, and it’s your job to convince them and defend your thesis with ample proof.

Prior to presenting, you have to carefully determine what appropriate evidence should be presented before the panel, depending on what thesis you have to defend.

Thesis and Dissertation Distinguished

A thesis or dissertation is usually required to complete a particular graduate degree. These two words are often used interchangeably by most students when referring to research studies.

But while being almost similar in format or structure, it’s worth noting that they have significant differences that set them apart from each other.

The very reason why thesis and dissertation are treated the same is that these two are both extensive papers. Not just merely long essays like what others are claiming.

Both of these papers are extensive. This is why students are given ample time, usually the entire last semester of the last year of study, to complete all the requirements and finally acquire their degree.

With regards to structure, both papers are very similar with few differences.

Differences Between Thesis and Dissertation

One of the significant differences between the two is to whom the paper is assigned. A thesis is usually required for those students earning a bachelor’s or master’s degree. While a dissertation is for those, who want to obtain a doctorate degree.

However, not all students taking a master’s degree are required to make a thesis. Prior to their enrollment, they have been given a choice of whether they’ll go for a non-thesis program or with a thesis.

Those who have a plan to escalate their degree to a doctorate eventually should take the path of a thesis. This is to prepare themselves for a more extensive dissertation requirement as doctorate students. Otherwise, they will be only limited to earning a master’s degree.

But above all, the most significant difference between the two papers is the purpose for which it is written.

A thesis, like what has been mentioned above, is being done by students obtaining a bachelor’s or master’s degree and has the purpose of testing their understanding of the discipline they’re engaged with.

A thesis is focused on obtaining technical expertise.

On the other hand, a dissertation is made for students to come up with an original study that other researchers haven’t already studied.

USA: In the United States of America, they consider a thesis shorter than a dissertation. In fact, aside from being a requirement to graduate in college, a thesis is now also inculcated in master’s degree programs. And since the dissertation is more extensive, the thesis is treated as preliminary in gaining a doctorate degree.

Europe: The distinction between the two papers is almost opposite to that of the USA. In Europe, a dissertation is only a broader research study from a post-graduate program and not the making of original research. Instead, educational systems in the said continent treat the doctoral thesis as a more elaborate paper writing.

The difference between a thesis and a dissertation might not seem that big, but it’s important that we know what makes them different.

If your upcoming defense gives you pressure and uneasiness, it could be cause you are not sure what to expect. Today we will dispel three common thesis defense myths that will help you be more confident in your presentation.

“Answer all the questions correctly. Otherwise, your thesis won’t get approved.”

You are expected to have a focus on your research.

That being said, you have to study each part of your thesis, every detail, and even your sources.

You have to study and practice how to effectively deliver your presentation.

But don’t overthink to the extent that you’re stressing yourself to know everything perfectly.

Don’t overstress if you can’t answer one of the questions, this doesn’t necessarily mean the committee won’t approve your thesis.

You should know that research is a continuous study.

So you should expect that your committee will always be able to find a gap in your study to fill in future related research .

So in times you don’t exactly know the answer, admit it, and you’ll learn as they give their sides or suggestions.

Making up an answer will only displease your committee, so it’s to be upfront, honest, and transparent.

“The committee is just there to find holes in your study. They don’t care about you.”

One of the typical descriptions students have of the committee is that they are just there to poke holes in your thesis.

Going in with this perspective makes standing before them a nerve-wracking experience.

They’re not your enemy.

In fact, they are there to help you polish your study.

They might challenge you with difficult suggestions and tricky questions.

In the end, they will walk you through the process to come up with better results that won’t only benefit you but also your research.

They care about you and your study, and they’re ultimately there to make your thesis and the research better.  Separate yourself from your work look at it objectively, and don’t take their comments personally .

“If your thesis defense isn’t successful, you have to start your thesis all over again”

An unsuccessful defense is one of the worst-case fears most students have.

One thing that you should be aware of is when you aren’t able to please your committee, you don’t need to start a new thesis again or go back to square one with your existing paper.

It’s unusual that your committee will ask you to change your topic and start from scratch again.

The fact that you’ve been permitted to defend your study means your research is almost complete.

They might suggest further details or ask you for minor revisions, and that’s normal.

But overall, you need to go into this defense thinking that your presentation will be successful. Otherwise, you are already setting yourself up for failure with the wrong mindset.

Remember that positive thoughts attract positive results.

Thesis Defense Presentation Structure and Slides Content

We can use language learning models like ChatGPT to help us curate the structure of our thesis presentation. Let’s see a step-by-step solution on how to apply this.

Step 1: Define the thesis topic and research questions

You can set the environment for ChatGPT to work by explaining what your thesis is going to cover and which specific questions you aim to address through the course of that document. This gives ChatGPT the context from which it shall formulate the structure. A prompt can be written like this:

“Take the role of an academic professional who shall help me to write my thesis. This thesis is going to cover the topic of (insert topic), and through its course, I want to answer these questions: Question 1 – Question 2 – Question 3 – Consider this information as the starting point for this chat.”

Step 2: Ask for an outline

With the previously provided information, ask ChatGPT to generate an outline for your presentation. If some of the points listed in the output don’t convince you, then chat with the interface until you reach a final outline. Then, ask to elaborate on each specific point for information or cues you may have overlooked.

Step 3: Ask ChatGPT which content should you place per slide

Instead of debating how are you going to trim your thesis into a presentation format, ask ChatGPT to do the decision process for you. You can be as specific as asking how many words per slide, how many slides should the presentation have, if you need any visual element, etc.

N.B.: We don’t recommend using ChatGPT to retrieve academic references as, in some cases, it can provide faulty results. You can ask if any facts on this presentation need to be checked or similar questions. ChatGPT is a powerful tool, but it shouldn’t be considered a bible, so be extra cautious about grabbing content directly from its outputs.

1. Title Page

This slide should contain the information that is provided on the title page of your hard copy . Here is an example of title page or cover slide for your title defense or thesis presentation.

• The title of your research paper
• Where you are studying
• Name and details of your course
• Name of Adviser

2. Introduction Slide

Your introduction slide should provide the committee with an idea of the following:

• What is the topic area that you are investigating ?
• What are the specific research questions that you set out to answer?
• Why is this question important to answer?
• What were the objectives of your research?

3. Literature Review Slide

It’s not necessary to cover everything that’s currently understood in the available literature. You may want to present the following content under a Literature Review slide:

• Relevant current research that is close to your topic
• Different theories that may apply to your specific area of research
• Areas of weakness that are currently highlighted

4. Methodology Slide

Make sure to touch the factors below within your process, and include the following in the Methodology slide:

• The type of study you have conducted: qualitative, quantitative, or mixed
• The methods that you chose and why
• Details of the population, sampling methods, and other information
• Provide information regarding how you have analyzed the data that you have collected

5. Results Slide

This part should give the committee/audience a good understanding of what you’ve discovered during your research. The statistics & results slide could include the final results of your analysis, here is an example:

• An overall description of the data that you collected during your research
• The results of the analysis that you have done on that data
• What were the most significant findings from your data

6. Discussion Slide

Highlight here the meaning of the findings in relation to your discipline program and the research that you have done:

• What are the major findings, and what do they mean with regard to your research
• How do these findings relate to what others have found in the past
• How can you explain any unusual or surprising result

7. Conclusions Slide

You have to end your presentation with a conclusion summarizing all that you have found within your research. Here is an example of a Conclusion slide in a Thesis presentation:

• Restate your research questions
• Show how your results answer these questions
• Show what contribution you have made
• State any limitations to the work you have done
• Suggest future research
• Make any recommendations

See Also: How to Create a Great Investors Pitch Deck and Close the Deal

8. Acknowledgements Slide

Express gratitude to your advisor, committee members, peers, and others who supported your research journey. This slide provides a moment to acknowledge the collaborative nature of academic work.

9. Questions and Answers Slide

Dedicate a slide for audience questions at the end of your presentation.

Encourage engagement by inviting questions from the audience.

Be prepared to provide clear and concise responses to inquiries.

10. References Slide

Include a slide listing your cited sources throughout your presentation.

Use a consistent citation style (APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.).

The References slide demonstrates your thorough engagement with existing literature.

11. Contact Information Slide

If you’re open to further inquiries or collaborations, consider adding your contact information.

Include your email address or relevant professional social media handles.

How to use SlideModel AI Presentation Maker for your Thesis Presentation

If you want to save hours of manual time, you can leverage AI tools to make your thesis presentation. The best part of integrating AI tools into our workflow is that we can pair them to get even better results than we expected. With SlideModel’s AI presentation maker , users can create an entire slide deck by introducing these variables:

• Topic of your thesis
• Number of slides to include in your thesis presentation
• Outline checkup

And that’s it! Download the AI-generated presentation in PPTX format or for Google Slides, and edit it if you require adding some extra content. The core elements are already done, and you can save countless hours of hard work.

Tips During Your Oral Defense!

Review your materials.

Even if you already feel confident with your upcoming presentation, you still need to review your materials.

You can bring the hard copy of your thesis with you during the defense, but you don’t want to get lost in your presentation when you forget some specific details and have to scan your papers.

You should know your paper in and out.

Rehearse Your Presentation

It’s not wrong if it sounds like a script when you speak in your oral defense. It’s expected and understandable.

You need to practice your presentation, especially when there’s a time restriction given to every presenter.

You only need to prepare enough slides that would fit your time limit. A hundred slides aren’t suitable for a 15 to 20-minute presentation, nor 10 slides for an hour of defense.

Your rehearsal will be more effective if you practice it in front of an audience.

Note: You will experience complete silence in the defense room. You might feel awkward because, most of the time, you’re the only one speaking out loud.  This is completely fine, and it’s something you should practice in rehearsal should you be afraid.

Narrow the Presentation of Ideas

Regarding your slides, you don’t have to include everything that’s in your paper. You should narrow down your ideas to the main points and the most important details, such as the statistics and findings.

If the members of your committee think you lack details or they want to hear a further explanation, they won’t hesitate to ask you.

Prepare for the Unexpected Questions

The panel tends to challenge the presenters, usually through some hard questions.

Its aim is how well do you you have done your research and how prepared you are.

But as long as you know the ins and outs of your paper, you shouldn’t lose your confidence regardless of which questions they ask.

Just keep in mind that what you’re saying in your oral defense is not in conflict with what is written on the hard copy you provided them.

What To Do When You Don’t Know the Answer

If the committee asks you a question and you don’t know the answer, don’t make up a baseless answer.

Baseless means out-of-context answers or something without proof or backup.

How To Deal With The Nervousness

The committee expects you to be nervous. Of course, it’s normal.

However, one effect of being nervous is the changes in your behavior.

There’s a tendency for you’ll talk fast, which will make it hard for the committee to understand you.

It might also cause you to have a mental block.

So try to slow down. Take a deep breath.

Inhale, exhale.  Remember to breathe!

It’s OK to pause, and it’s OK to take your time; it’s more important that the committee clearly understands what you are trying to articulate.

More Quick Tips on How to Present!

• Introduce yourself at the beginning
• Introduce the title of the presentation
• Don’t read your notes if possible
• Don’t speak too fast
• Put an emphasis on what you’re saying so you don’t sound monotonous
• Look at your adviser once in a while for possible signs
• Stand on the right of the white screen if you are right-handed so you can easily refer to the slide without giving your back to the committee
• Face the audience when you talk
• Keep an eye contact
• Make sure to keep attention to the reactions of the committee and don’t forget to react in turn

We hope you enjoyed this article on how to do a proper thesis defense and how to best prepare for one using proven tips and techniques to help you get through this.  Hopefully, after your defense, you will be set as the one in your class to deliver an inspiring graduation speech for your peers. If you have value, please remember to share this article. We also recommend you read these Thesis Statement Examples for inspiration to create your own professionally.

1. MasterDoc PowerPoint Template

Creating a Thesis presentation should be a straight forward task; based on your thesis document and following the tips described above you have a high level structure already outlined. The MasterDoc PowerPoint template provides professional layouts with texts and image placeholders; so you can create document like slides using your thesis defense as your content. This template is ideal for a highly detailed documents, where visuals and words unite to illustrate one concept per page. The result is an asset that can be read and digested more quickly than either your thesis document or a presentation created for assisting a speech. A document created with the MasterDoc PowerPoint templates is meant to be printed or distributed, read on screen without the accompaniment of a presenter or used in an e-learning platform as pure learning content.

Use This Template

2. Thesis Presentation PowerPoint Template

You had invested a considerable time researching, testing hypothesis and confirming your thesis. Craft your thesis presentation with the same level of detail you applied in your work. Using the Thesis Presentation PowerPoint Template you will focus only in your content and your message. The layouts, images,design and structure will be taken care by the template.

3. Master Thesis PowerPoint Template

The Master Thesis PowerPoint Template is a professional document designed for postgraduate degrees presentations. It provides simple sections that follow  the structure and best practices of traditional research thesis presentations. Starting with the introduction to the theory and state of the art scenario; following with hypothesis research and its findings and concluding with the confirmation or negation of the initial thesis statement.

4. Essay Outline PowerPoint Template

Your thesis defense can be accompanied by an essay, that states your thesis and argues about it using several supporting paragraphs. This kind of document is ideal to be an intermediate step between reading assisting to the thesis presentation and reading the complete thesis documentation. It has more information that your thesis defense abstract, but does summarizes the supporting evidence and examples that allows the argument of each idea behind the thesis. You can use the Essay Outline Template to present your Essay outline and create an essay linked to your thesis defense documentation.

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36 Responses to “How To Do a Proper Thesis Defense Using the Right PowerPoint Presentation”

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How to Pull Off Your Thesis Defense With a Great Presentation

You’ve reached the home stretch in your journey toward your post-graduate degree. You’ve diligently studied, researched and performed for years, and all that’s left is your master thesis or doctorate dissertation. 

“ All that’s left,” however, might be the understatement of the century. There’s nothing simple about orally defending your thesis, and this final stage often means the difference between a degree and a program that remains incomplete.

Even after you’ve dedicated months filled with blood, sweat and tears defining your argument, researching your support and writing your defense, you aren’t ready to address the academic panel. You still have to design an effective visual presentation, and the slide deck can make or break your entire thesis.

Unsure how to design a stellar slide deck to visually present your thesis or dissertation? Check out the following tips to pull off your master thesis defense with a great presentation:

1.   Properly structure your slide deck

Every master thesis defense presentation is unique, but most effective slide decks will follow a similar structure, including:  

• Title - Just like a research paper, your thesis presentation must include a title slide. This should include the same information as any other title page: the title, your name, your academic institution, course name and the name of the academic advisor to your thesis or dissertation. That doesn’t mean your title slide needs to look like the start of any other Frankendeck . Instead, add your text atop a relative image, and adjust the brightness to ensure your text pops.
• Introduction - Your thesis presentation should also include an introduction slide, which details the topic of your thesis, the question your research will seek to answer and any additional objectives to your research, as well as the answer or solution you will be defending.
• Literature review - Following your thesis introduction, design one or more slides that review the literature you researched. This shouldn’t be a full bibliography (although that should be included in the accompanying written account of your research), but instead, the slides should list your most relevant research sources. If the information is featured on a slide, make sure you include its source. 
• Methodology - Your thesis presentation slide deck should also include a slide (or slides) detailing the methodology of your research and argument. Here you want to describe the type of study— whether it’s quantitative, qualitative or a combination of the two, as well as an explanation of why you chose the method or methods you used. If you conducted original research, you will want to detail the study population, sampling methods and other details pertinent to your studies, while you’ll also want to detail how you analyzed your data.
• Results - No thesis presentation slide deck is complete without dedicating slides to illustrate the results of your research. Be sure to include a description of any data you collected through your research, as well as the results of your analysis of the data. What were your most significant findings?
• Discussion - How do the results of your research support your overall thesis argument? Be sure to include slides that discuss your overall findings and how they relate to your original question.
• Conclusion - Concluding slides should restate your original research questions, represent the results of your research, suggest future research and make any final recommendations.
• Ending slide – Close your thesis presentation with a concluding slide that offers an interesting quote or trivia that makes your audience further ponder your topic, a GIF or animation that recaptures the audience’s attention or even a hypothetical question that opens additional discussion from the academic panel. This is your opportunity to make your presentation memorable.

Thesis Presentation vs. Dissertation

Thesis presentation and dissertation are two terms often used in academic settings related to upper education. While they are related, there are distinct differences between the two, which is important to understand as you begin to structure your thesis defense.

‍ A thesis presentation typically refers to the final oral presentation that a student gives to defend their thesis or research project. It is a formal presentation to explain their findings, methodology, and conclusions to a panel of faculty members or experts in the field. The purpose of a thesis defense presentation is to demonstrate the student's knowledge and understanding of the subject matter and to defend the validity of their research.

On the other hand, a dissertation refers to a lengthy and comprehensive research project that is typically required for the completion of a doctoral degree. It involves in-depth research, analysis, and the development of original ideas in a particular field of study. A dissertation is usually written over an extended period and is expected to contribute new knowledge or insights to the field. Unlike a thesis presentation, a dissertation is submitted in written form and is typically evaluated by a committee of faculty members or experts in the field.

2.   Choose which ideas to illustrate

Unless you have an hour to fill with your master thesis defense or doctorate dissertation, you won’t be able to include every idea from your overall research documentation in your slide show. Choose the most important ideas to illustrate on slides, while also keeping in mind what aspects of your research you’ll be able to visually represent.

3.   Define your presentation’s theme

A stellar thesis or dissertation presentation will be professional in appearance, and a cohesive design is an absolute must. Choose what types of typography and color schemes best support your topic. 

Instead of adjusting these settings on each individual slide— a tedious task at best— choose a PowerPoint-alternative presentation software like Beautiful.ai that allows you to customize a theme for your entire slide deck. Choose your fonts and other typography, your color palette, margins, footers, logos, transitions and more, and the cloud-based tool will automatically apply those design specifications to every slide you add to the master thesis defense presentation.

4.   Design simple and focused slides

You might have a lot of information to present, but when it comes to your thesis presentation— or almost any slide deck for that matter— less is more. Be sure every slide counts by focusing on your main points. 

Then, whatever you do, keep your slides simple. Not even an academic panel is going to dedicate much time deciphering a cluttered slide with all too many details. Try to avoid presenting more than one or two ideas on each slide.

5.   Include data visualizations

The whole point of your presentation is to illustrate the concepts included in your thesis. Humans are visual creatures and react strongly to imagery, and the panel evaluating your thesis or dissertation is no exception— regardless of how studious and formal the academics might seem. Illustrate the results of your research with colorful and engaging infographics . You don’t have to be a graphic designer to create them, either. 

Beautiful.ai users can choose from a host of smart slide templates with data visualizations — including favorites like bar graphs and pie charts , as well as less common options like scattergraphs , flow charts and pictograms . Just input your data and watch as our special brand of artificial intelligence creates the infographic for you.  

6.   Practice makes perfect

After spending months researching your thesis or dissertation, writing about your findings and designing a stellar master thesis defense presentation, you would hate to see all your hard work be for naught. That’s still a distinct possibility, however, if you don’t also practice your delivery. 

Practice, practice and practice some more until you know your master thesis defense like the back of your hand. No academic panel will be impressed by a graduate candidate who stumbles through their presentation or appears to be reading from their notes. Know the contents of every slide, as well as exactly what parts of your overall defense you want to deliver during its display. 

Things to keep in mind to help you nail your presentation

The golden rule of any presentation is to keep your audience engaged. You can ensure a more engaging presentation by maintaining eye contact, using appropriate gestures, and speaking clearly. You can also choose to include the audience in your presentation with interactive questions, polls, and slides.

To help boost audience retention, utilize storytelling. Studies show that when facts are presented in the form of a story, people are 22 times more likely to remember them. Talk about powerful.

Last but not least, plan for questions— and not simply by allowing time for them. Watch other thesis defenses delivered at your institution, and consider what types of questions the academic panel might ask, so you can prepare the best possible answer.

Extra credit:

Get started with our PhD Defense Thesis presentation template here .

Samantha Pratt Lile

Samantha is an independent journalist, editor, blogger and content manager. Examples of her published work can be found at sites including the Huffington Post, Thrive Global, and Buzzfeed.

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Support and tips for thesis students

Five tips for a great thesis presentation

Delivering a great thesis presentation is not easy, but there are some tricks you can use to make sure that your audience can at least remember the most important message. Here are five tips to get you started!

The aim of a thesis presentation is to communicate a message to your audience. Always keep this in mind when preparing. Ask yourself: what is it that I want my audience to understand or remember? This post discusses five tips for an effective thesis presentation:

• Determine your take-home message: what should your audience remember from your presentation?
• Repeat your take-home message.
• Start with your acknowledgements, and end with your take-home message. Not the other way around.
• Keep it simple. Bring it down to the essence and skip all unnecessary details.
• Be silent! Use breaks to allow your audience to digest what you just said.

1. Determine the take-home message of your thesis presentation

Before you start making your presentation, it is important to determine what your audience should pick up from your talk. This is called your take-home message . The take-home message should be simple, clear, and relatively short. In a way, the take-home message summarizes the conclusion of the work you’re presenting. You can use a couple of bullet points, or (even better!) show a figure that summarizes your most important conclusions. A good example of a (written) take-home message is:

Students that participate actively in class are more likely to pass the course Active participation activates long-term memory

This is a good take-home message, because it is short, written in an active way, and easy to understand. Make sure that it is clear to the audience when you are delivering your take-home message. It helps if you are very explicit about it, for example by adding a slide with the title “Take-home message”. No room for confusion there.

2. Repeat your take-home message

Repetition is key for memorizing, and helps to make you thesis presentation effective. So if you want your audience to remember your take-home message, you have to repeat it. This of course does not mean that you need to repeat the same slide 3 times in your presentation, but you can do it in a clever way.  A helpful quote:

Tell them what you are going to tell them (1), then tell them (2), and then tell them what you told them (3). – Aristotle and others

So how does this work in practice? In the first part of your talk, you introduce your topic, and you tell the audience what your talk is about. You can end this part by giving your take-home message for the first time: “In this presentation, I will show that [enter take-home message here] .” Sometimes it may be a good idea to already present the slide with your full take-home message here. Alternatively, you could only give a little glimpse of it, so that your audience will be intrigued and interested in what you have to say further.

In the second part of your talk, you give the information that your take-home message is based on. You try to convince your audience of your take-home message by building on arguments. For a presentation on your research, this part usually contains the most important results of your study. While making your presentation, keep in mind that all the results you show should be important for your take-home message (see section 4. Keep it simple).

In the third part of your talk, you summarize the most important results, and you clearly show that these results naturally lead to your take-home message. At this point, you should not present any new results! The goal is to bring focus to the most important message of your presentation, and to make sure that it is clear to the audience what they should remember.

3. Start your thesis presentation with acknowledgements

Many presenters use their last slide to thank contributors and funders, or they may even include a slide that says “Questions?”. That slide will be up there for the remainder of the discussion. Although acknowledging your colleagues is important, it is not what you want the audience to remember for your talk. It’s a much better idea to show your take-home message while you are answering questions.  This allows the audience to digest your most important conclusions, and makes it more likely that they will remember it.

So when should you present your acknowledgements? Personally I think this should be done at the start of the talk, but do not spend too much time on it. Yes, acknowledgements are important, but not nearly as important as the actual content of your presentation. So it’s best to just get it out of the way early on.

4. Keep your thesis presentation simple

Your research project probably took several months or years to complete, and there have been many challenges, difficult decisions, and mistakes along the way. Furthermore, there are many details that are important to include in your report or research article, such as details of the experimental setup, the data collection, or the statistical analyses. However, not all details are important enough to include in your presentation. Your time to present is usually quite limited, so make sure to focus on the most important conclusions (there’s the take-home message again), and only present information that supports that message.

For every piece of information that you consider to include in your presentation, ask yourself: “Does the audience really have to know about this in order to understand my message, or to be convinced of its validity?” If the answer is no, you should probably not include it. You may be tempted to include information just to show the audience how difficult your study was. Try to prevent that. Unnecessary details can make your presentation very cluttered, and negatively affect the clarity of your take home message. Just focus on what the audience really needs to know. A simple rule that may help to make simple slides is the 5/5/5 rule ( click here ).

5. Be silent!

The last tip for an effective presentation is to be silent. That may sound weird, but what I mean is to that you should regularly stop talking for a few (2-3) seconds. These breaks allow the audience to digest what you have just said. In addition, you can use breaks to mark a transition from one topic to the next, or to emphasize important information.

It can feel very awkward to not say anything for a couple of seconds, especially if you’re a bit nervous. At first, it may feel like everyone is staring at you, waiting for you to continue speaking. Rest assured, if you take breaks purposefully, it will not come across as awkward or weird. For you, the moments of silence can feel like an eternity, while for the audience, they are a welcome break to the constant flow of information. Just try it out, and you will get used to it as you practice.

With these five tips, you’re well underway to delivering an effective thesis presentation. Remember that in preparing your presentation, you should keep in mind what the purpose of your talk is. The ultimate aim is to communicate your take home message as clearly as possible.

You might also like

How to create a great scientific graph

The 5/5/5 rule explained: a starting point for great presentations

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How To End A Presentation & Leave A Lasting Impression

By Krystle Wong , Aug 09, 2023

So you’ve got an exciting presentation ready to wow your audience and you’re left with the final brushstroke — how to end your presentation with a bang. 

Just as a captivating opening draws your audience in, creating a well-crafted presentation closing has the power to leave a profound and lasting impression that resonates long after the lights dim and the audience disperses.

In this article, I’ll walk you through the art of crafting an impactful conclusion that resonates with 10 effective techniques and ideas along with real-life examples to inspire your next presentation. Alternatively, you could always jump right into creating your slides by customizing our professionally designed presentation templates . They’re fully customizable and require no design experience at all! 

Click to jump ahead:

Why is it important to have an impactful ending for your presentation?

10 effective presentation closing techniques to leave a lasting impression, 7 things to put on a conclusion slide.

• 5 real-life exceptional examples of how to end a presentation

6 mistakes to avoid in concluding a presentation

Faqs on how to end a presentation, how to create a memorable presentation with venngage.

People tend to remember the beginning and end of a presentation more vividly than the middle, making the final moments your last chance to make a lasting impression. 

An ending that leaves a lasting impact doesn’t merely mark the end of a presentation; it opens doors to further exploration. A strong conclusion is vital because it:

• Leaves a lasting impression on the audience.
• Reinforces key points and takeaways.
• Motivates action and implementation of ideas.
• Creates an emotional connection with the audience.
• Fosters engagement, curiosity and reflection.

Just like the final scene of a movie, your presentation’s ending has the potential to linger in your audience’s minds long after they’ve left the room. From summarizing key points to engaging the audience in unexpected ways, make a lasting impression with these 10 ways to end a presentation:

1. The summary

Wrap up your entire presentation with a concise and impactful summary, recapping the key points and main takeaways. By doing so, you reinforce the essential aspects and ensure the audience leaves with a crystal-clear understanding of your core message.

2. The reverse story

Here’s a cool one: start with the end result and then surprise the audience with the journey that led you to where you are. Share the challenges you conquered and the lessons you learned, making it a memorable and unique conclusion that drives home your key takeaways.

Alternatively, customize one of our cool presentation templates to capture the attention of your audience and deliver your message in an engaging and memorable way

3. The metaphorical prop

For an added visual touch, bring a symbolic prop that represents your message. Explain its significance in relation to your content, leaving the audience with a tangible and unforgettable visual representation that reinforces your key concepts.

4. The audience engagement challenge

Get the audience involved by throwing them a challenge related to your informational presentation. Encourage active participation and promise to share the results later, fostering their involvement and motivating them to take action.

5. The memorable statistic showcase

Spice things up with a series of surprising or intriguing statistics, presented with attention-grabbing visual aids. Summarize your main points using these impactful stats to ensure the audience remembers and grasps the significance of your data, especially when delivering a business presentation or pitch deck presentation .

Transform your data-heavy presentations into engaging presentations using data visualization tools. Venngage’s chart and graph tools help you present information in a digestible and visually appealing manner. Infographics and diagrams can simplify complex concepts while images add a relatable dimension to your presentation. 

6. The interactive story creation

How about a collaborative story? Work with the audience to create an impromptu tale together. Let them contribute elements and build the story with you. Then, cleverly tie it back to your core message with a creative presentation conclusion.

7. The unexpected guest speaker

Introduce an unexpected guest who shares a unique perspective related to your presentation’s theme. If their story aligns with your message, it’ll surely amp up the audience’s interest and engagement.

8. The thought-provoking prompt

Leave your audience pondering with a thought-provoking question or prompt related to your topic. Encourage reflection and curiosity, sparking a desire to explore the subject further and dig deeper into your message.

9. The empowering call-to-action

Time to inspire action! Craft a powerful call to action that motivates the audience to make a difference. Provide practical steps and resources to support their involvement, empowering them to take part in something meaningful.

10. The heartfelt expression

End on a warm note by expressing genuine gratitude and appreciation for the audience’s time and attention. Acknowledge their presence and thank them sincerely, leaving a lasting impression of professionalism and warmth.

Not sure where to start? These 12 presentation software might come in handy for creating a good presentation that stands out. 

Remember, your closing slides for the presentation is your final opportunity to make a strong impact on your audience. However, the question remains — what exactly should be on the last slide of your presentation? Here are 7 conclusion slide examples to conclude with a high note:

1. Key takeaways

Highlight the main points or key takeaways from your presentation. This reinforces the essential information you want the audience to remember, ensuring they leave with a clear understanding of your message with a well summarized and simple presentation .

2. Closing statement

Craft a strong closing statement that summarizes the overall message of your presentation and leaves a positive final impression. This concluding remark should be impactful and memorable.

3. Call-to-action

Don’t forget to include a compelling call to action in your final message that motivates the audience to take specific steps after the presentation. Whether it’s signing up for a newsletter, trying a product or conducting further research, a clear call to action can encourage engagement.

4. Contact information

Provide your contact details, such as email address or social media handles. That way, the audience can easily reach out for further inquiries or discussions. Building connections with your audience enhances engagement and opens doors for future opportunities.

Use impactful visuals or graphics to deliver your presentation effectively and make the conclusion slide visually appealing. Engaging visuals can captivate the audience and help solidify your key points.

Visuals are powerful tools for retention. Use Venngage’s library of icons, images and charts to complement your text. You can easily upload and incorporate your own images or choose from Venngage’s library of stock photos to add depth and relevance to your visuals.

6. Next steps

Outline the recommended next steps for the audience to take after the presentation, guiding them on what actions to pursue. This can be a practical roadmap for implementing your ideas and recommendations.

7. Inspirational quote

To leave a lasting impression, consider including a powerful and relevant quote that resonates with the main message of your presentation. Thoughtful quotes can inspire and reinforce the significance of your key points.

Whether you’re giving an in-person or virtual presentation , a strong wrap-up can boost persuasiveness and ensure that your message resonates and motivates action effectively. Check out our gallery of professional presentation templates to get started.

5 real-life exceptional examples of how to end a presentation 

When we talk about crafting an exceptional closing for a presentation, I’m sure you’ll have a million questions — like how do you end a presentation, what do you say at the end of a presentation or even how to say thank you after a presentation. 

To get a better idea of how to end a presentation with style — let’s delve into five remarkable real-life examples that offer valuable insights into crafting a conclusion that truly seals the deal: 

1. Sheryl Sandberg 

In her TED Talk titled “Why We Have Too Few Women Leaders,” Sheryl Sandberg concluded with an impactful call to action, urging men and women to lean in and support gender equality in the workplace. This motivational ending inspired the audience to take action toward a more inclusive world.

2. Elon Musk

Elon Musk often concludes with his vision for the future and how his companies are working towards groundbreaking advancements. His passion and enthusiasm for pushing the boundaries of technology leave the audience inspired and eager to witness the future unfold.

3. Barack Obama

President Obama’s farewell address concluded with an emotional and heartfelt expression of gratitude to the American people. He thanked the audience for their support and encouraged them to stay engaged and uphold the values that define the nation.

4. Brené Brown 

In her TED Talk on vulnerability, Brené Brown ended with a powerful quote from Theodore Roosevelt: “It is not the critic who counts… The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena.” This quote reinforced her message about the importance of embracing vulnerability and taking risks in life.

5. Malala Yousafzai

In her Nobel Peace Prize acceptance speech, Malala Yousafzai ended with a moving call to action for education and girls’ rights. She inspired the audience to stand up against injustice and to work towards a world where every child has access to education.

For more innovative presentation ideas , turn ordinary slides into captivating experiences with these 15 interactive presentation ideas that will leave your audience begging for more.

So, we talked about how a good presentation usually ends. As you approach the conclusion of your presentation, let’s go through some of the common pitfalls you should avoid that will undermine the impact of your closing:

1. Abrupt endings

To deliver persuasive presentations, don’t leave your audience hanging with an abrupt conclusion. Instead, ensure a smooth transition by providing a clear closing statement or summarizing the key points to leave a lasting impression.

2. New information

You may be wondering — can I introduce new information or ideas in the closing? The answer is no. Resist the urge to introduce new data or facts in the conclusion and stick to reinforcing the main content presented earlier. By introducing new content at the end, you risk overshadowing your main message.

3. Ending with a Q&A session

While Q&A sessions are valuable, don’t conclude your presentation with them. Opt for a strong closing statement or call-to-action instead, leaving the audience with a clear takeaway.

4. Overloading your final slide

Avoid cluttering your final slide with too much information or excessive visuals. Keep it clean, concise and impactful to reinforce your key messages effectively.

5. Forgetting the call-to-action

Most presentations fail to include a compelling call-to-action which can diminish the overall impact of your presentation. To deliver a persuasive presentation, encourage your audience to take specific steps after the talk, driving engagement and follow-through.

6. Ignoring the audience

Make your conclusion audience-centric by connecting with their needs and interests. Avoid making it solely about yourself or your achievements. Instead, focus on how your message benefits the audience.

What should be the last slide of a presentation?

The last slide of a presentation should be a conclusion slide, summarizing key takeaways, delivering a strong closing statement and possibly including a call to action.

How do I begin a presentation?

Grabbing the audience’s attention at the very beginning with a compelling opening such as a relevant story, surprising statistic or thought-provoking question. You can even create a game presentation to boost interactivity with your audience. Check out this blog for more ideas on how to start a presentation . 

How can I ensure a smooth transition from the body of the presentation to the closing? 

To ensure a smooth transition, summarize key points from the body, use transition phrases like “In conclusion,” and revisit the main message introduced at the beginning. Bridge the content discussed to the themes of the closing and consider adjusting tone and pace to signal the transition.

How long should the conclusion of a presentation be?

The conclusion of a presentation should typically be around 5-10% of the total presentation time, keeping it concise and impactful.

Should you say thank you at the end of a presentation?

Yes, saying thank you at the end of a PowerPoint presentation is a courteous way to show appreciation for the audience’s time and attention.

Should I use presentation slides in the concluding part of my talk? 

Yes, using presentation slides in the concluding part of your talk can be effective. Use concise slides to summarize key takeaways, reinforce your main points and deliver a strong closing statement. A final presentation slide can enhance the impact of your conclusion and help the audience remember your message.

Should I include a Q&A session at the end of the presentation?

Avoid Q&A sessions in certain situations to ensure a well-structured and impactful conclusion. It helps prevent potential time constraints and disruptions to your carefully crafted ending, ensuring your core message remains the focus without the risk of unanswered or off-topic questions diluting the presentation’s impact.

Is it appropriate to use humor in the closing of a presentation?

Using humor in the closing of a presentation can be appropriate if it aligns with your content and audience as it can leave a positive and memorable impression. However, it’s essential to use humor carefully and avoid inappropriate or offensive jokes.

How do I manage nervousness during the closing of a presentation?

To manage nervousness during the closing, focus on your key points and the main message you want to convey. Take deep breaths to calm your nerves, maintain eye contact and remind yourself that you’re sharing valuable insights to enhance your presentation skills.

Creating a memorable presentation is a blend of engaging content and visually captivating design. With Venngage, you can transform your ideas into a dynamic and unforgettable presentation in just 5 easy steps: 

• Choose a template from Venngage’s library: Pick a visually appealing template that fits your presentation’s theme and audience, making it easy to get started with a professional look.
• Craft a compelling story or outline: Organize your content into a clear and coherent narrative or outline the key points to engage your audience and make the information easy to follow.
• Customize design and visuals: Tailor the template with your brand colors, fonts and captivating visuals like images and icons, enhancing your presentation’s visual appeal and uniqueness. You can also use an eye-catching presentation background to elevate your visual content. 
• Incorporate impactful quotes or inspiring elements: Include powerful quotes or elements that resonate with your message, evoking emotions and leaving a lasting impression on your audience members
• Utilize data visualization for clarity: Present data and statistics effectively with Venngage’s charts, graphs and infographics, simplifying complex information for better comprehension.

Additionally, Venngage’s real-time collaboration tools allow you to seamlessly collaborate with team members to elevate your presentation creation process to a whole new level. Use comments and annotations to provide feedback on each other’s work and refine ideas as a group, ensuring a comprehensive and well-rounded presentation.

Well, there you have it—the secrets of how to conclude a presentation. From summarizing your key message to delivering a compelling call to action, you’re now armed with a toolkit of techniques that’ll leave your audience in awe.

Now go ahead, wrap it up like a pro and leave that lasting impression that sets you apart as a presenter who knows how to captivate, inspire and truly make a mark.

PhD Dissertation Defense Slides Design: Start

• Tips for designing the slides
• Presentation checklist
• Example slides
• Additional Resources

Purpose of the Guide

This guide was created to help ph.d. students in engineering fields to design dissertation defense presentations. the guide provides 1) tips on how to effectively communicate research, and 2) full presentation examples from ph.d. graduates. the tips on designing effective slides are not restricted to dissertation defense presentations; they can be used in designing other types of presentations such as conference talks, qualification and proposal exams, and technical seminars., the tips and examples are used to help students to design effective presentation. the technical contents in all examples are subject to copyright, please do not replicate. , if you need help in designing your presentation, please contact julie chen ([email protected]) for individual consultation. .

• Example Slides Repository
• Defense slides examples Link to examples dissertation defense slides.

Useful Links

• CIT Thesis and dissertation standards
• Dissertations and Theses @ Carnegie Mellon This link opens in a new window Covers 1920-present. Full text of some dissertations may be available 1997-present. Citations and abstracts of dissertations and theses CMU graduate students have published through UMI Dissertation Publishing. In addition to citations and abstracts, the service provides free access to 24 page previews and the full text in PDF format, when available. In most cases, this will be works published in 1997 forward.
• Communicate your research data Data visualization is very important in communicating your data effectively. Check out these do's and don'ts for designing figures.

Power Point Template and other Resources

• CEE Powerpoint Slide Presentation Template 1
• CEE Powerpoint Slide Presentation Template 2

Source: CEE Department Resources https://www.cmu.edu/cee/resources/index.html

• CMU Powerpoint Slide Template

Source: CMU Marketing and Communications

https://www.cmu.edu/marcom/brand-standards/downloads/index.html

• Use of CMU logos, marks, and Unitmarks

Email me for questions and schedule an appointment

Top 7 tips for your defense presentation

1. show why your study is important, remember, your audience is your committee members, researchers in other fields, and even the general public. you want to convince all of them why you deserve a ph.d. degree. you need to talk about why your study is important to the world. in the engineering field, you also need to talk about how your study is useful. try to discuss why current practice is problematic or not good enough, what needs to be solved, and what the potential benefits will be. , see how dr. posen and dr. malings explained the importance of their studies..

• Carl Malings Defense Slides with Notes
• I. Daniel Posen Defense Slides with Notes

2. Emphasize YOUR contribution 

Having a ph.d. means that you have made some novel contributions to the grand field. this is about you and your research. you need to keep emphasizing your contributions throughout your presentation. after talking about what needs to be solved, try to focus on emphasizing the novelty of your work. what problems can be solved using your research outcomes what breakthroughs have you made to the field why are your methods and outcomes outstanding you need to incorporate answers to these questions in your presentation. , be clear what your contributions are in the introduction section; separate what was done by others and what was done by you. , 3. connect your projects into a whole piece of work, you might have been doing multiple projects that are not strongly connected. to figure out how to connect them into a whole piece, use visualizations such as flow charts to convince your audience. the two slides below are two examples. in the first slide, which was presented in the introduction section, the presenter used a flow diagram to show the connection between the three projects. in the second slide, the presenter used key figures and a unique color for each project to show the connection..

• Xiaoju Chen Defense Slides with Notes

4. Tell a good story 

The committee members do not necessarily have the same background knowledge as you. plus, there could be researchers from other fields and even the general public in the room. you want to make sure all of your audience can understand as much as possible. focus on the big picture rather than technical details; make sure you use simple language to explain your methods and results. your committee has read your dissertation before your defense, but others have not. , dr. cook and dr. velibeyoglu did a good job explaining their research to everyone. the introduction sessions in their presentations are well designed for this purpose. .

• Laren M. Cook Defense Slides with Notes
• Irem Velibeyoglu Defense with Notes

5. Transition, transition, transition

Use transition slides to connect projects , it's a long presentation with different research projects. you want to use some sort of transition to remind your audience what you have been talking about and what is next. you may use a slide that is designed for this purpose throughout your presentation. , below are two examples. these slides were presented after the introduction section. the presenters used the same slides and highlighted the items for project one to indicate that they were moving on to the first project. throughout the presentation, they used these slides and highlighted different sections to indicate how these projects fit into the whole dissertation. .

You can also use some other indications on your slides, but remember not to make your slides too busy.  Below are two examples. In the first example, the presenter used chapter numbers to indicate what he was talking about. In the second example, the presenter used a progress bar with keywords for each chapter as the indicator. 

Use transition sentences to connect slides 

Remember transition sentences are also important; use them to summarize what you have said and tell your audience what they will expect next. if you keep forgetting the transition sentence, write a note on your presentation. you can either write down a full sentence of what you want to say or some keywords., 6. be brief, put details in backup slides , you won't have time to explain all of the details. if your defense presentation is scheduled for 45 minutes, you can only spend around 10 minutes for each project - that's shorter than a normal research conference presentation focus on the big picture and leave details behind. you can put the details in your backup slides, so you might find them useful when your committee (and other members of the audience) ask questions regarding these details., 7. show your presentation to your advisor and colleagues, make sure to ask your advisor(s) for their comments. they might have a different view on what should be emphasized and what should be elaborated. , you also want to practice at least once in front of your colleagues. they can be your lab mates, people who work in your research group, and/or your friends. they do not have to be experts in your field. ask them to give you some feedback - their comments can be extremely helpful to improve your presentation. , below are some other tips and resources to design your defense presentation. .

• Tips for designing your defense presentation

How important is your presentation, and cookies?

• Next: Tips for designing the slides >>
• Last Updated: Jan 9, 2024 11:18 AM
• URL: https://guides.library.cmu.edu/c.php?g=883178

• By Illiya Vjestica
• - January 23, 2023

10 Powerful Examples of How to End a Presentation

Here are 10 powerful examples of how to end a presentation that does not end with a thank you slide.

How many presentations have you seen that end with “Thank you for listening” or “Any questions?” I bet it’s a lot…

“Thank you for listening.” is the most common example. Unfortunately, when it comes to closing out your slides ending with “thank you” is the norm. We can create a better presentation ending by following these simple examples.

The two most essential slides of your deck are the ending and intro. An excellent presentation ending is critical to helping the audience to the next step or following a specific call to action.

There are many ways you can increase your presentation retention rate . The most critical steps are having a solid call to action at the end of your presentation and a powerful hook that draws your audience in.

What Action do You Want Your Audience to Take?

Before designing your presentation, start with this question – what message or action will you leave your audience with?

Are you looking to persuade, inspire, entertain or inform your audience? You can choose one or multiple words to describe the intent of your presentation.

Think about the action words that best describe your presentation ending – what do you want them to do? Inspire, book, learn, understand, engage, donate, buy, book or schedule. These are a few examples.

If the goal of your presentation is to inspire, why not end with a powerful and inspiring quote ? Let words of wisdom be the spark that ignites an action within your audience.

Here are three ways to end your presentation:

• Call to Action – getting the audience to take a specific action or next step, for example, booking a call, signing up for an event or donating to your cause.
• Persuade – persuading your audience to think differently, try something new, undertake a challenge or join your movement or community.
• Summarise – A summary of the key points and information you want the audience to remember. If you decide to summarise your talk at the end, keep it to no more than three main points.

10 Examples of How to End a Presentation

1. Asking your audience to take action or make a pledge.

Here were asking the audience to take action by using the wording “take action” in our copy. This call to action is a pledge to donate. A clear message like this can be helpful for charities and non-profits looking to raise funding for their campaign or cause.

2. Encourage your audience to take a specific action, e.g. joining your cause or community

Here was are asking the audience to join our community and help solve a problem by becoming part of the solution. It’s a simple call to action. You can pass the touch to your audience and ask them to take the next lead.

3. Highlight the critical points for your audience to remember.

Rember, to summarise your presentation into no more than three key points. This is important because the human brain struggles to remember more than three pieces of information simultaneously. We call this the “Rule of Three”.

4. If you are trying to get more leads or sales end with a call to action to book a demo or schedule a call.

Can you inspire your audience to sign up for a demo or trial of your product? Structure your talk to lead your prospect through a journey of the results you generate for other clients. At the end of your deck, finish with a specific call to action, such as “Want similar results to X?”

Make sure you design a button, or graphic your prospect can click on when you send them the PDF version of the slides.

5. Challenge your audience to think differently or take action, e.g. what impact could they make?

6. Give your audience actions to help share your message.

7. Promote your upcoming events or workshops

8. Asking your audience to become a volunteer.

9. Direct your audience to learn more about your website.

10. If you are a book author, encourage your audience to engage with your book.

6 Questions to Generate an Ending for Your Presentation

You’ve told an engaging story, but why end your presentation without leaving your audience a clear message or call to action?

Here are six great questions you can ask yourself to generate an ending for your presentation or keynote talk.

• What impression would you want to leave your audience with?
• What is the big idea you want to leave them with?
• What action should they take next?
• What key point should you remember 72 hours after your presentation?
• What do you want them to feel?
• What is the key takeaway for them to understand?

What to Say After Ending a Presentation?

When you get to the end of a book, you don’t see the author say, “thank you for reading my last chapter.” Of course, there is no harm in thanking the audience after your presentation ends, but don’t make that the last words you speak.

Think of the ending of the presentation as the final chapter of an epic novel. It’s your chance to leave a lasting impression on the audience. Close with an impactful ending and leave them feeling empowered, invigorated and engaged.

• Leave a lasting impression.
• Think of it as the last chapter of a book.
• Conclude with a thought or question.
• Leave the audience with a specific action or next step.

How to End a Presentation with Style?

There are many great ways you can end your presentation with style. Are you ready to drop the mic?

Ensure your closing slide is punchy, has a clear headline, or uses a thought-provoking image.

Think about colours. You want to capture the audience’s attention before closing the presentation. Make sure the fonts you choose are clear and easy to read.

Do you need to consider adding a link? If you add links to your social media accounts, use icons and buttons to make them easy to see. Add a link to each button or icon. By doing this, if you send the PDF slides to people, they can follow the links to your various accounts.

What Should you Remember?

💡 If you take one thing away from this post, it’s to lose the traditional ending slides. Let’s move on from the “Thank you for your attention.” or “Any questions.” slides.

These don’t help you or the audience. Respect them and think about what they should do next. You may be interested to learn 3 Tactics to Free Your Presentation Style to help you connect to your audience.

Illiya Vjestica

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What exists the best "last slide" are a thesis presentation?

There are some possible selection as which newest slide of a typical thesis speaker. I've heard out some possibilities:

A question-mark image (as one time to be sacrifices by the referees!),

A Appreciate You declaration (There are all negative viewpoints about these two options.),

A slide including summary of the presented ideas,

AN slide reflecting the presenter's contact info (I thinks i does not really make sense for ampere thesis presenter.),

A foil including a price (I really doubt it's the best way.),

What exists the best routine to arrange the continue slide, then?!

• presentation

• 8 Here are likely also cultural differences to consider. In France it's customary not to thank the audience at the out of the defense -- yours only thank any once the jury has chosen the present the course to you (or none, are handful don't...). To option #2 would not be doable in France, for show. –  user9646 Apr 14, 2017 at 8:59
• 3 I'd finish on a one-liner that summarises what the audience should taking away. Or the biggest lesson that you have learnt. –  user2768 Pricing 14, 2017 at 14:13
• 8 Don't make a the last slide, halt along the summary, but have additional slides afterwards giving whatever figures press data that might be useful in answering the challenges that obey. You might non need them, but they are thither just inside case you do. –  Dikran Martian Apex 14, 2017 at 18:40
• 54 Clearly this –  David Z Apr 14, 2017 at 19:34
• 3 Why Not Zoidberg? ;) Seriously though, possible a good pick exists the conclusions slide... I used one on my slides that you can see hier . –  Andrea Lazzarotto Interest 15, 2017 in 16:24

14 Answers 14

The last slide wish typically be seen in some minutes after you finished talking – until you jump to more other slump for building a question. This is anything that you should using. Is you ended your talk with adenine summarize (which is adenine goods thing on maximum cases), leaving that slide gives the audience opportun to reflective on your talk, remembering what they wanted to ask a question about, or just let your central messages sink in. If they do did want to do this, but focus on of questions, they are not distraught by any fresh that you didn’t voice about.

The main exception is if to find this difficult to orally convey that and speaking has finished – in that case a thank it slide or an optional questions? slide may be the lesser evil or save you from a few seconds of embarrassed stillschweigen that everybody needs to realise their talk is over. Note that you can use like a slump the a backup behind your summary sliding – if you manage to getting your speaker on the summary slide, of audience never obtain to see it. If to bottling it, you can quickly leap to the summary slide.

Included most situations, however, I consider thank thou slides and any your? slides pointless, as i do not tells the your anything new and are things that you or the chair have to say. A quote would distract the audience from the questions – unless your are move till read to, but then the quoting has to really fit the cause. Respective contact information wants not need somebody entire slide and can usually live fitted on the bottom of the summary slide.

Finally notation that with some rare occasions, the following order of slides may labor:

• main talk with main results
• summary and outlook
• one instead two appetiser foil illustrating first steps into whatever you just announced as future work, e.g., at show which you paved the way for something interesting. The committee should accept the statement at least 48 hours before your meeting. 3) Prepare a powerpoint (or similar) presentation that: a) Introduces the ...

Included this case, she cans be jump back to the summary slide or dwell on your last appetizer slide – depending on what can more attractive.

• 8 +1 - for complete in this (particularly noting that of 'thank you' other 'any questions' foil seem pointless unless speaker has a hard time 'closing' a talk. (And then, just flash is and got back to the summary slope so i don't leave non-content fluff up includes head of public for longer less any sundry slide in the speaking time waiting on questions, etc. Committee Meetings – MIT BECOME Graduate Student Handbook –  Carol Apr 15, 2017 at 14:18
• 33 @Carol I find your comment deeply worrying . (I do fully agree with it though.) ;) –  Martinus Ender Apr 16, 2017 at 22:22
• 6 The "any questions" slide is not includes useless - it's rude. The presenter shall usually not the host of a meeting - it's chair's responsibility to decide whichever there is time for questions, and whenever it's appropriate to open which discussion. –  BartoszKP Apr 19, 2017 at 18:38
• 8 @BartoszKP I strongly disagree that it's rudeness. Even whenever of your has absolute authority over the structure of the meeting (which seems strange to me, especially the a defense, since estimated the mouthpiece knows who schedule and can see the clock), the speaker is merely signalizing such they are ready to take questions. –  JeffE Aug 18, 2017 at 2:55
• 2 @JeffE You're right, that the intent can be clear, the be a simple signal such they exist ready for questions, but it mien rude, regardless of the intent. It looks like "taking over" the meeting, intrude into the position of one host. Especially at a defense, which usually is a quite ceremonial occasion, with quite strictly defined structure and rather rigorous defined rules of behaviour. –  BartoszKP Aug 18, 2017 at 10:00

Another alternate I have tried just is putting thumbnails of all the previous slides on it:

It's just a recent experiment, though; I don't have sufficiently data to tell if it's of best last slide. Off from the eye-candy, MYSELF think it pot be use as adenine pseudo-summary if your slides are sufficiently recognizable (for type, if they have pictures).

For sure is help resolve the question mentioned in other return: "You had this formulas on one slide. Can you go past? ... No not that one, before that ... Ahh yes ensure one."

It's kind-of tricky to do automatically is beamer, though. You able always make it manually by copying the output file somewhere else and specifying one page amounts manually, which is instructions I achieved it:

• 20 Interesting touch... but don't you think it might not transfer any meaningful idea to the hearing? Speciality when there is a multitude of slides. So, the thumbnails will be very low and unreadable. In my experience, PhD Committee Meetings are an obscure, secretive part of the PhD requirements. –  user41207 Apr 14, 2017 at 6:36
• 14 @Roboticist Basiert on your goal... If you want up transport substantial ideas include is last film, this works definitely worse than a summary but definitely better more a large question mark. :) The thing I searchable to do is tried to remind the audience of who show of your voice by appealing to visual memory. Just a randomized thing I are trying, anyway, it's not like I have explore on its effectiveness. :) If there are as numerous slides, you can prefer for include only the "most important" ones. Students are encouraged the hand out hardcopies of their presentation slides to their Thesis Committee Members, including a summation of their Specific Our. –  Federico Poloni Apr 14, 2017 at 6:43
• 11 This is great! As adenine bonus it provide incentive at save presentations within a reasonable number of slides. –  user1717828 Monthly 14, 2017 at 12:17
• 24 And if items a computer scientists course you should include this last slide in the thumbnails, recursively, all the way down. –  Dithermaster Apr 15, 2017 at 14:32
• 12 “It's even a latest experiment, though; I don't have enough data into tell if it's the best latest slide” Now we are all wondering how many thesis defenses you are going to do in sort into test this approach with enough information. :D –  Andrea Lazzarotto Per 15, 2017 at 16:26

Wenn I were on your phd committee I would to most happy with your slides if they has your original jobs and represented your own personal savor and sensibilities. Hence I wouldn be more inspired with even a goofy or weird ultimate slide that I known you indeed came up with yourself the made sense to you, than one that was proposed to you by people on academia.se, even if thereto were seems more professional seeing press glattes.

In other words, the "best last slide" is, by definition, whatever she decide he is.

And yes, I realize this is a bit of a smartass answer. I am tried to make a point here about one value of original thought, press hope that some people will find this perspective helpful button thought provoking. But to anyone who doesn't get it or thinks I am barking back the wrong tree, feel free go downvote diese answer.

• 2 MYSELF act reasoning it's a goody sensible answer. –  Nobody Apr 14, 2017 with 8:33
• 3 Knowing when to learn from Academia.SE remains important. I'd say "designing the last slide" is one of the cases where one canister learn and not reinvent who wheel. –  svavil Apr 14, 2017 for 23:43
• 12 @svavil if OP possessed einfassung the go as "what are some good ideas for the ultimate slide" then I would agreement that that's a reasonable thing to get advice on here. But the question is framed in a way that assumes there's a unique "best last slide", which MYSELF find off-putting. In general, many questions hither find advice on optimizing anyone little nuance of academic life. With some point I think it makes senses to encourage public to think for myself. And as I said, I am more impressed by people who put personal/creative touches into their work even for the resulting belongs quirky and a short less smart. Meetings and the Graduate Committees - Department of Photo and Biophysics –  Dana Romik Apr 14, 2017 at 23:51
• @DanRomik thanks, the last comment makes your stance clearer. –  svavil Apr 14, 2017 at 23:52
• 3 This. My latest slide was a picture of the beach I was planning to spend the next month to, trying to recover from the tribulation of writing to damn thing. It got an chortle from the public and helped you have something to show onward to while answering the questions :) –  terdon Apr 17, 2017 at 21:56

In my opinion, the best last slide remains a short brief of your presentation. It should contain the question to researched and what your result was. Those has several advantages:

Your viewer can recapitulate your talk. This allows them to better place what you told they in your conclusion and why what you did is awesome. Following the scheme "Tell them what him are going for tell them. Tell them. Tell them what you said them." made your featured easier to understand. Since it is adenine graduate thesis, chances are your topic are rather complex and merits recapitulation. Ten simple rules for effective presentation foils

This is the last transparency your audience is going to visit and should be the "take home message". So computer can be a concentrated version concerning what you presenting, now that you explained all they need until know. This is going to fortify what the target memory from your talk. Suggestions for Your Firstly Committee Meeting: 1) Getting four ...

AN recapitulation also offers the judge original material for slaughtering you (in the positive sense). Him can keeping all get utilised variable names, ideas, definitions, etc. on this slide so that that referees remind them. This manufactured asking matter so much easier and disables question of the style: "You had this formula in one slide. Can you go back? ... No does the one, before that ... Ahh yes that one." If save is out of the pathway, yourself could instant bounce to an interesting questions.

It's no anything particular to a thesis demonstration, but I've found that an acknowledgement slide has a solid last slide required the presentation. It's a choice so I've locate rather common from experienced presenters (e.g. visiting professors when bounteous study talks.)

I agree with others in saying that carriage with valid "Any Questions" or "Thank You" isn't the best. They're more content free, and like sentiments can be handled verbally. (Also, depending about how things are handled, our advisor oder committee chair may is the one till open an floor for questions and select what wants the next question, in which case it may be slightly ham-handed is you've been unlocked the floor for questions.) Degree Committees Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics (BMB ...

Instead, you can take the opportunity at to very end of your talks up thank and recognize the people who have helped yourself out. Generally this records the form of ampere photo of your advisor's group, often with a list of appellations on others in yours company, along with several pillars the names pointing out any collaborators. It's also nice to points out in a corner any funding sources, if you received any grants or fellowships any supporting the work. If you place their names up in writing you don't necessarily need to read out everyones name, but it is good into point go some to the key people plus potentially mention my individual contribution. Advisory Committee Meetings College will encounter with a standing Advisory Committee. To Advisory Committee will refine elective coursework and explaining the rotation system. After meeting 4, the student should complete an Personalized Development Plan; proof the submission should be sent to the Graduate Office. Preliminary Exam Students will meet from the Preliminary Examination Committee. Students... Read More →

One caution is to keep the amount von talking yours do on your acknowledgment slide brief. I'd advise a minute or so at most. Pass too long - particularly with a stale recitation away 20+ names - and you'll bore and audience. With you're going to name named, pick out just a few key people whose help you'd like to highlight. Err the and side of being too simple rather than too effusive. If you have individual named up, you can acknowledge in groups ("my collaborators in the Smith Group") rather than individually.

Equal an acknowledgement slide yourself have a rather "neutral" slide that clearly signals the end of aforementioned presentation, but contains a non-trivial amount of list in itself. Created a presentation for the committee meeting, comprising slides explaining thy assessment of what gaps exist in your expected PhD research area, a ...

Note: You didn't mention which field yourself were in, so EGO gave an rejoin from may experience includes biochemistry. Do keep in mind that presentation styles do vary somewhat off field to field. If it's not common in your field for experienced people giving seminars to present an acknowledgement slide, please neglect my answer and pick something that's better common to your field.

• 3 While this is certainly laudable, it's also likely that this will bore at slightest a part is the audience. In that respect, presentations are quite a bit like movies - available aforementioned credits (that producers are ethically, and possibly even legally, obliged to show) start rolling, almost the gesamtheit audience stops watched and leaves. –  O. R. Mapper Month 14, 2017 at 17:19
• @O.R.Mapper Oh, certainly. Spending too long on an acknowledgment film is indeed terribly boringly. I added in more mention of keeping to brief. -- Even then, I agree some population will "zone out". If you're lucky, they'll take the "free" time to formulate this asking they to to ask you. graduate is who lab — this means that input should be the star of the show. Prepare a few slides at the end of the speaker summarizing any ... –  R.M. Apr 14, 2017 at 17:36
• 5 ME minute @O.R.Mapper here: Whatever form of acknowledgement at and end are the speech is lethal to attention, enthusiasm, and flow. The only thing IODIN consider bearable is is you valid show of acknowledgement slides but do not talk over it – but then it still steals the pay of your audience. If your talk holds “coäuthors”, list them on the title slide. If specific parts have collaborators, mention them on the individual slides (but only in writing). Funders may also be acknowledged the the title slip. –  Wrzlprmft ♦ Apr 14, 2017 at 19:19
• 3 I prefer acknowledgements up cover like part of one settling-in phase. –  That Nate Apr 15, 2017 among 2:45

Most men won't remember places they had questions without couple help. So if him desire questions after aforementioned audience, end with a summary slide. And if you don't want questions, just write: "Thank you! Whatever Questions?"

That's how get thesis tutor stated it, fantastic advice!

• Wouldn't that exist that misc way circles? Remind them for you want questions, and don't get them if you don't? –  timuzhti Apr 17, 2017 at 6:53
• 1 @Alpha3031: That's the point, that explicitly inviting questions a not as effective as laying the groundwork for questions. –  Ben Voigt Apr 17, 2017 at 17:02

What IODIN was advised to go and have seen done several times, and it worked rather fine was to highlight 3-4 main pertinent scored, specifically:

• brief iteration of the research problem
• repeat of a main aspect of the method
• a statement otherwise 2 of the main result/outcome of of results

Underneath, I included my email choose and any other main researchers - with an statement so if they wished in receive a copy of the presentation to contact by email - but check to look if this is allowed first.

(The slides before had the acknowledgements and references)

This paths, during getting and/or panel was occurring, a clear and concise summary of who presentation remained projected.

Holding vanished through many product myself, get recently I fixed on place an brief bibliography on the last page. I think it is more meaningful than ampere "thank you" or "questions?" page (certainly more meaningful than some "inspirational" quote!), and perhaps more appropriate than click details. Of course e does not prevent me from having a summary (if applicable) on the next-to-last page.

This bibliography need not be long; it may include references for your prior research relevant to the current presentation, or other key pieces of literature that anyone in the audience who becomes interested in the choose of your presentation might benefit from. (A couple of dates I went drown and had two dense bibliography pages; I don't think that has a good idea.) and what do you hope to accomplish before your next meeting in the upcoming six months time. • Possess optional slides (from group meeting or other presentations) ...

I possess no yet had to prepare additionally present a thesis but I have finished a fortune of presentations for my studies.

I usually benefit a dark background for my primary slide, with the title in a light coloured font and use a light background with dark texts for the presentation so my solution a to have a blank last slide with a dark setting.

I ordinary thank that jury for their attention verbally, as a sign that presentation exists finished so MYSELF do none need to thank them "in text" which feels maladroit.

I also avoid the "Any frequently ?" slide, especially if it is departure to stay on indication. I very utter something close to "If thee have any question feel free up ask them I/we will do my/our finest to answer them".

The reason I don't leave the summary visible too long is that I find I tend to read it over both over again when watching a powerpoint somewhat than listening up other peoples questions. If I'm like that I'm sure, or among least I hope, other be as well. The “presentation slide” shall the building block of all academic presentations, whether they are journal cudgels, thesis select meetings, short ...

• Would the downvoter explain what's wrong with this answer? –  Nobody Apr 14, 2017 at 8:08
• 3 EGO did not downvote, when the answer is a bit unclear. Is the proposed solution simply a plain last slide? –  user21264 Apr 14, 2017 at 9:26
• Yes that's it. I could maybe edit my answer to make it additional obious. It need be noted yes that I usually have an very simple summary of the central points and/or conclusions before the blank decline. The following slides will be used for all theses panel meetings (required the regarding 09-01-14). The Summary slide will be shown first and display the ... –  Vincent Pearce Apr 14, 2017 during 9:30
• Also, a should fit in thine presentation's overall appearance, to shows that it is, in a approach, part of thereto and not just a white slide. –  Valentin Pearce Apr 14, 2017 at 9:32

USED Military typically employees option 3 as an penultimate dia, followed via a slide asking for questions, followed by the statement with a slide "This concludes my brief" or presentations. Preparing PhD Committee Meetings

For the presentation of a thesis, opportunity 3 is always good for a middle slide at which you ca ask for questions. I'd follow that to a say you slide to conclude.

• Interesting and practical response, thank you! –  user70612 Apr 15, 2017 at 15:04
• 1 @Saturnus Thanks. This is our first post on the site. EGO think a summary should always be included in any good conclusion, like most of us are taught in grade school. –  user26439 Apr 15, 2017 at 15:12

I've been at a Master thesis defence, where professor N., known available his inspiring and engaged lessons style, also admired by many students, was gift. At who end of the presentation, the latter slide said Posted for u/kungfu_kickass - 4 votes and 5 reviews

Thank you for your attention!

The chairman asked whether there are questions, both as usual, there was one with N. The course responds, and then clicked to the after scroll, saying

Thank you to your attention, professor N.!

Those will depend largely on what happens per your presentation. If the last dia will residence on screen at dialogue intermediate the thesis committee and you, a photograph representing your working (e.g. your thesis cover) might be a good choice.

Methods nearly combining option 2 and 3

As I sometimes find i hard to round-off a presentation less creating an awkwardly silence, but do not enjoy having a slide saying only "Thank you", leave me offer one more alternative.

Have a last chart with a summary/conclusion of your main results, real eventually some our work. Also end the talk by quickly reiterating your hauptstrom result(s). Following at the end, hire the words "Thank you" (or "Questions?" or whatever you want to end an powerpoint with) appear at the bottom of the film. I usually use a slightly higher font the distinct color, such that it stands out. INSTRUCTIONS

This allows you to fluent end our presentation, notwithstanding keeps the practical summary slide on image during the panel.

Best way to end choose presentation a to give an overview of whole items you described in earlier slides. you capacity also request with feedbacks for to presentation to improve according to audience point of view.

• 10 And would should breathe on the last slide then? –  FuzzyLeapfrog Apr 14, 2017 at 16:59

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Master's Thesis

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