abuse of power in macbeth essay

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Exploring tyranny and power in Macbeth

  We take a look at corruption and human nature in Shakespeare’s famous tragedy

Tom Davey is a Learning Consultant for Shakespeare’s Globe, and has worked as a practitioner in the Education department for nine years. He also performed in our Playing Shakespeare with Deutsche Bank productions of Twelfth Night and Much Ado About Nothing.

by Tom Davey

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Violent power struggle does not begin or end with the Macbeths. The play is couched in violence.

King Duncan’s reign has, after all, not been a peaceful one. In the gruesome description of ‘brave’ Macbeth’s heroics in battle, we are introduced to a violent world. A world in which loyalty and allegiance are up for grabs and any treacherous acts are decisively and emphatically punished in an effort to create order and maintain power. Macbeth is to reap a reward from such a punishment; the previous Thane of Cawdor is swiftly dispatched after straying from the fold, a ‘most disloyal traitor’.

Ray Fearon and Tara Fitzgerald in Macbeth, 2016. Photographer: Marc Brenner

Over the course of the play, many characters are left to question their allegiances and ponder their own deepest, darkest desires. Yet, fascinatingly, even in the midst of this savage world, we’re also aware of a moral compass within each of the characters. Some try to suppress it, whilst others desperately cling to it.

Macbeth and Lady Macbeth talk of loyalty but are, we might think, astonishingly prepared to seize the moment by stabbing an old man to death in his bed. Lady Macbeth’s decisiveness in Act 1 Scene 5 is almost awe inspiring, whilst Macbeth’s descent into ‘hell-hound’ is fairly swift. We’re left wondering how often they might have talked through potential plots and schemes before the witches’ prophecy.

Michelle Terry and Paul Ready in Macbeth, 2018. Photographer: Johan Persson

Nevertheless, these two go-getters grapple with their own humanity and it trips them up repeatedly. Lady Macbeth foresees this challenge after reading her husband’s letter: Macbeth is ‘too is full o’ the milk of human kindness’ and she calls on the supernatural world to help her suppress her own inherent goodness: ‘Fill me from the crown to the toe top-full / Of direst cruelty!’ Even as the plan to kill the King is in motion, Lady Macbeth checks herself, moved by Duncan resembling ‘[her] father as he slept’. In Act 1 Scene 7, Macbeth too longs for a kind of conscience holiday where one can reap the benefits of a course of action without the agony of actually doing it. In this couple, Shakespeare has not given us a pair of psychopathic despots but a man and a woman struggling to keep their humanity at bay.

In this couple, Shakespeare has not given us a pair of psychopathic despots but a man and a woman struggling to keep their humanity at bay.

It’s not just the Macbeths experiencing inner turmoil. Banquo’s response to the witches is intriguing. He seems to scoff at his friend’s awe-struck reaction: ‘Good Sir, why do you start and seem to fear / Things that do sound so fair?’ He then demands the weird sisters’ attention himself, claiming to ‘neither beg nor fear / Your favours nor your hate’. Is this detached skepticism authentic? Or is he, in fact, like Macbeth: susceptible to the stirrings of powerful ambition? We know that he dwells on what the witches have said to him.

Paul Ready and Philip Cumbus in Macbeth, 2018. Photographer: Johan Persson

After Duncan’s death, Banquo worries about what Macbeth might have done, before pondering his own potential rise. The witches’ words have set Banquo ‘up in hope’ and it’s ambiguous whether he would be prepared to take action and force Fate’s hand. Of course, the assassins ensure that we never find out. Was Macbeth right to fear him?

Malcolm, urged by Macduff to lead his country, is fearful of the dangerous tyrant within himself and almost manages to walk away from greatness, fearing that ‘Macbeth will seem as pure as snow and the poor state / Esteem him as a lamb, being compared / With my confineless harms.’ Ironically, it is Macduff’s very human suffering after his wife and children are ‘savagely slaughter’d’ that draws Malcom heartily into the fray. Now, Malcolm says, ‘the tune goes manly’. We have to hope at the end of the play that he proves to be a better leader than he fears he might be.

This is a world where the moral bar has been lowered; a world which ‘sinks beneath the yoke’. In the Macbeths, we see just how terribly the human soul can be corrupted. However, this struggle is played out within other characters too. Perhaps we’re left wondering: in such a dog-eat-dog world, how would we fare?

Freddie Stewart in Macbeth, 2016. Photographer: Marc Brenner

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How Macbeth Addresses Power and Ambition

The Tragedy of Macbeth is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare that was first performed back in 1606. Macbeth dramatizes the psychological and physical damaging effects caused by the political ambition of those who look for power just for their own sake.

The driving force in this tragedy is the ambition, or more specifically, the ambition that goes unbridled by any theory of morality. And that is why the theme of ambition in Macbeth starts to look like a dangerous quality. We did some research on this topic and went through some of the free paper and essay examples on https://gradesfixer.com/free-essay-examples/macbeth-ambition/ . And many of the students who have written Macbeth essays on ambition state that all of his actions were inspired by his ambitions, and that led to horrific punishments and deaths of many characters, it even caused the downfall of both Lady Macbeth and him.

The source of Macbeth’s ambition

Macbeth’s ambition is driven by various factors. To begin with, he has a deep desire for advancement and power, although that is not the only thing that made him turn to crime. It took two other factors that forced that hunger and made him take various violent actions just to obtain power.

• The three witches were the ones who initially made Macbeth act on his ambition. Still, his wife, Lady Macbeth, was the one who gave him ideas and pushed him to murder. She was constantly telling him to focus on his ambition and not pay attention to his conscience. She encourages him to feel free and put aside his guilt, and murder Duncan.
• Throughout the whole tragedy, the witches make many prophecies, and Macbeth believes them every time and allows the prophecies to influence his next actions. As an example, Macbeth kills Banquo just because he was a threat to the throne. The prediction always ended up being true. However, it is unclear whether they are truly predictions of fate or simply were self-fulfilled due to the manipulation of Macbeth.

Controlling Ambition

The ambition of Macbeth starts to get out of control and makes him repeatedly kill, just to cover up his previous murders. His first victims are the people that he framed for the murder of King Duncan. He killed them as a “punishment.” Later, his fear of Macduff makes him murder Macduff and his family. That unnecessary murder of Macduff’s wife and his children clearly showed that Macbeth lost control over his ambition.

Balancing Morality and Ambition

We also see some honorable examples of ambition in Macbeth . Malcolm decides to test the loyalty of Macduff. So he starts pretending to be lustful, greedy, and power-hungry. However, Macduff condemned him and cries out for the future of Scotland. With that, he showed his allegiance to the country. Macduff’s steps and Malcolm’s decision to test him demonstrate that the moral code is a powerful position that is more important than just ambition to get there.

Consequences

The consequences of the ambition in this play are dire. Many innocent people are killed, and Macbeth dies known as a tyrant, which is a significant downfall because he started as a noble hero. Also, neither Macbeth nor his wife get the opportunity to enjoy the things that they gained. Thus, forming a summary and telling the readers that it is more fulfilling to achieve your goals in a fair way than achieve them through corruption.

Macbeth and his wife see how their ambitions made them cross many moral lines that lead them to their downfall. Once Macbeth killed Duncan, his ambition to hold the title of a king becomes very intertwined with his paranoia, and he becomes obsessed with maintaining the power that he got instead of enjoying the fruits of his ambition.

Macbeth’s ambition can be contrasted with the ambition of Banquo, who also listens to the witches’ predictions and had many ambitions for his sons. However, Banquo’s morality didn’t allow him to pursue his goals at such a terrible cost. At the end of this tragedy, Macbeth had achieved everything that he wanted but was left without anything. With Lady Macbeth’s death, he had no hopes of producing a prince, so he finally understands that his ambition made him lose all that he holds dear.

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Hi! I really like your thoughts and the way you expressed them so clearly. However, there seems to be a problem in the text: the passage “his fear of Macduff makes him murder Macduff and his family” seems to be wrong, since Macbeth does not kill Macduff. It is quite the opposite, actually. Thank you for sharing your ideas!

The ambition, or more especially the ambition that is unrestrained by any idea of morality, is the driving force behind this catastrophe. And for this reason, Macbeth’s theme of ambition begins to seem like a potentially deadly one. Razones por Divorcio en Estado de Nueva York Abogados de Divorcio de Rochester Nueva York

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Concept of Power in Shakespeare’s “Macbeth” Essay

Power may corrupt those who wield it, and the pursuit of power is frequently harmful. People whose life objective is to obtain power over others are condemned to fail since human ambition frequently leads to sinful behaviors, which are inevitably punished. While The government is the system that makes laws and ensures that they are followed, it is the person who wields power who is responsible for the equality and impartiality of its enforcement.

Tragedies lie at the heart of Shakespeare’s creative legacy. They represent the strength of his brilliant mind as well as the essence of his period, which is why, if following epochs looked to Shakespeare for comparison, they first understood their struggles via him. Shakespeare’s tragedies have been influenced by a growing number of fresh interpretations. Macbeth, one of Shakespeare’s most renowned tragedies, depicts characters who have been damaged by their ambition and reveals the devastating nature of the desire for power for the sake of authority. Shakespeare’s Macbeth is the most comprehensive portrayal of the individualist as a person who actively and consistently prioritizes what reflects her interests over the interests of others. Macbeth, driven by ambition, is eager to liberate his mind from moral ideals and domestic norms, seeing them as stumbling blocks and meaningless preconceptions.

People, like the play’s major protagonists, who are consumed by the concept of obtaining the throne, are frequently corrupted by power and eventually wreck their own lives and the lives of others. Macbeth is a tragedy of overwhelming ambition; therefore, it’s no surprise that its leitmotif is the hero’s words: “I dare everything a man dares,” which are addressed to death itself in the finale: “I wish to experience the last. Macbeth is a tragedy about a colossal personality who had the same chances for victory as death, but valor without wisdom drove it to full isolation from humanity and its soul.

Macbeth is willing to kill and betray even close friends to gain the crown and the kingdom. With a dagger, the hero assassinates the sleeping monarch. He also orders the Banquo and Macduff families to be killed. Macbeth does not see individuals; rather, he sees impediments on his route to the throne. After realizing that he might inherit the throne, Macbeth, a brave and powerful warrior and dedicated servant of the king, transforms into a greedy and vicious killer.

Lady Macbeth seems to be a more ambitious woman than her husband Macbeth., so Macbeth is far from the only person whose life has been tainted by power. This woman persuades her husband that Duncan should be murdered if he visits their home. “Look like an innocent flower, but be a serpent behind it,” she says to her husband. Lady Macbeth, who aspires to be queen, encourages her husband to commit crimes, therefore defining their fate. Without his wife’s convictions, Macbeth would not have committed all of these heinous acts.

The play’s conclusion, which discusses Lady Macbeth’s lunacy and Macbeth’s death, is the primary revelation demonstrating the corrupting nature of power. When Lady Macbeth notices blood on her hands, Macbeth, who thought he was unstoppable, is murdered. This couple loses something more important: intelligence and humanity because of their ambition for the throne. As a result, the government frequently not only discloses a person’s underlying undesirable tendencies but also leads to a fatal ending.

On the other hand, power does not always lead to corruption for individuals who strive to improve the lives of others. It also leaves behind those who are uninterested in receiving it. However, there are few such people: power is typically given to those who seek it. The throne, for example, was meant to belong to Duncan in Macbeth and later to his son, who may also be a fabulous king. Macbeth, on the other hand, receives the power because he went to such lengths to obtain it. Although power does not always corrupt, it does destroy individuals in the majority of situations because it is attained by those who are inclined to destroy.

Power corrupts those who possess it, and the chase of power tends to result in suffering. Macbeth shows individuals who have suffered as a result of their aspirations, revealing the fatal nature of the desire for power for its own sake. The play’s finale, which recounts Lady Macbeth’s insanity and Macbeth’s death, thus, becomes a key revelation that demonstrates how power corrupts. In Macbeth, the author demonstrates the corrupting influence of power: the protagonist’s and his wife’s life spent pursuing the throne ended tragically. Macbeth kills innocent people, including children, in his quest for power. The wife’s desire becomes the driving force behind everything that occurs: the image of the crown becomes more essential than anything else in her life. The play’s conclusion suggests that individuals should not seek power only for the sake of power. This performance teaches individuals that power and those in positions of authority are not essential aspects of their life.

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IvyPanda. (2022, December 23). Concept of Power in Shakespeare’s “Macbeth”. https://ivypanda.com/essays/concept-of-power-in-shakespeares-macbeth/

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Discuss the theme of the corrupting influence of power in William Shakespeare’s Macbeth

Table of Contents

William Shakespeare’s tragic play “ Macbeth ” explores the theme of the corrupting influence of power. The play delves into the consequences of unchecked ambition and the transformation of Macbeth, the protagonist, from a noble and loyal subject to a ruthless tyrant.

Theme the corrupting influence of power in Macbeth:- As Macbeth gains power and authority, he succumbs to its corrupting force, leading to his downfall and the destruction of those around him. This essay will analyze the various aspects of power portrayed in the play and examine how Shakespeare illustrates the gradual corruption of Macbeth’s character through his thirst for power.

The Temptation of Ambition

From the beginning of the play, Macbeth’s ambition is aroused when he hears the prophecies of the three witches, predicting that he will become the Thane of Cawdor and eventually the king. This prophecy ignites his desire for power, and the seed of corruption is planted. Macbeth’s initial hesitation to commit regicide demonstrates his moral conscience, but his wife, Lady Macbeth, manipulates him, questioning his masculinity and urging him to seize the opportunity. 

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Theme the corrupting influence of power in Macbeth:- His ambition and desire for power become overpowering, and he ultimately succumbs to temptation, showing that power can corrupt even the noblest of individuals.

The Deterioration of Macbeth’s Morality

As Macbeth ascends to the throne, his actions become increasingly immoral and ruthless. His initial murder of King Duncan is a pivotal moment that marks his descent into corruption. The regicide not only establishes Macbeth’s thirst for power but also reveals his willingness to commit heinous acts to maintain it. The murder of his friend Banquo and the Macduff family further exemplify Macbeth’s moral deterioration. He becomes consumed by paranoia and fear, eliminating anyone he perceives as a threat to his reign. The corrupting influence of power has transformed Macbeth from a virtuous and honorable man into a merciless and bloodthirsty tyrant.

The Erosion of Relationships

Power not only corrupts Macbeth’s character but also erodes his relationships with others. His relationship with Lady Macbeth, initially a partnership based on mutual ambition, disintegrates as the couple descends into guilt and madness. Lady Macbeth’s guilt manifests in her sleepwalking and obsessive hand-washing, while Macbeth becomes increasingly isolated and detached from reality. Additionally, Macbeth’s tyrannical rule alienates his subjects, who turn against him, and even his most loyal allies abandon him. The corrupting influence of power not only destroys Macbeth’s moral compass but also erodes the bonds he once held dear.

The Inevitable Downfall

Despite his accumulation of power, Macbeth’s downfall is inevitable. The corrupting influence of power blinds him to the consequences of his actions and isolates him from his allies. As Macbeth faces opposition from Malcolm and Macduff, his arrogance and overconfidence lead to his demise. 

Also Read:- William Shakespeare Biography and Works

Theme the corrupting influence of power in Macbeth:- The witches’ prophecies, which initially fueled his ambition, prove to be misleading, and his misplaced trust in their promises contributes to his downfall. Macbeth’s final realization of the futility of his actions and the loss of everything he holds dear serves as a cautionary tale about the corrupting nature of power.

Macbeth “Summary”

Macbeth is a tragic play written by William Shakespeare around 1606. Set in Scotland, it tells the story of Macbeth, a brave and loyal general, whose ambition is ignited by supernatural forces, leading him to commit heinous acts in his quest for power and ultimately resulting in his downfall.

Theme the corrupting influence of power in Macbeth:- The play begins with Macbeth and his friend Banquo encountering three witches, also known as the Weird Sisters, who prophesy that Macbeth will become the Thane of Cawdor and eventually the king. Encouraged by these prophecies, Macbeth becomes consumed by his desire for power and decides to take matters into his own hands.

With the support of his ambitious wife, Lady Macbeth, Macbeth plots and murders King Duncan, who is a guest in their castle. Macbeth is plagued by guilt and paranoia after committing the regicide, but he is also driven to eliminate anyone who poses a threat to his position. He orders the murder of Banquo, who suspects Macbeth’s involvement in Duncan’s death, as well as Banquo’s son, Fleance.

Theme the corrupting influence of power in Macbeth:- As Macbeth spirals deeper into madness, he seeks guidance from the witches again, who provide him with more prophecies that further fuel his delusions. He becomes increasingly ruthless, ordering the slaughter of Macduff’s family and engaging in a final battle against the forces that oppose him.

However, Macbeth’s tyrannical reign and his reliance on the witches’ prophecies ultimately lead to his downfall. Lady Macbeth, burdened by guilt and haunted by the consequences of their actions, descends into madness and dies. Macbeth learns of her death and is filled with despair, yet he resolves to fight to the bitter end.

Theme the corrupting influence of power in Macbeth:- In the final battle, Macbeth faces Macduff, who was born through a cesarean section and thus fulfills the witches’ prophecy that “none of woman born shall harm Macbeth.” However, Macduff reveals that he was “untimely ripped” from his mother’s womb, making him the exception. Macduff kills Macbeth, restoring order and rightful rule to Scotland.

Macbeth serves as a cautionary tale about the corrupting influence of ambition and the consequences of unchecked power. The play explores themes of guilt, fate, and the nature of evil, showcasing Shakespeare’s profound understanding of human psychology and the destructive potential of ambition.

William Shakespeare’s play “Macbeth” vividly portrays the corrupting influence of power through the tragic transformation of its protagonist. Macbeth’s journey from a noble and virtuous individual to a ruthless and tyrannical ruler exemplifies the destructive nature of unchecked ambition. 

Theme the corrupting influence of power in Macbeth:- As Macbeth gains power, his morality deteriorates, leading him to commit heinous acts and disregard the values he once held dear. The erosion of his relationships and the isolation he experiences further emphasize the corrupting influence of power. 

Theme the corrupting influence of power in Macbeth:- Ultimately, Macbeth’s downfall serves as a cautionary tale, reminding audiences of the consequences of succumbing to the allure of power without considering the moral implications. Shakespeare’s exploration of the theme of the corrupting influence of power in “Macbeth” continues to resonate with audiences, prompting reflection on the fragile nature of human morality and the dangers of unbridled ambition.

Q: What is the main theme of “Macbeth”?

A: The main theme of “Macbeth” is the corrupting influence of power. The play explores how unchecked ambition and the pursuit of power can lead individuals to commit immoral and destructive acts, ultimately resulting in their downfall.

Q: What are some examples of Macbeth’s corruption throughout the play?

A: Macbeth’s corruption is evident in his transformation from a loyal and honorable subject to a ruthless tyrant. Some examples of his corruption include his initial hesitation to commit regicide but ultimately succumbing to his ambition, his willingness to murder King Duncan and others to secure his position, his increasing paranoia and fear that lead to the elimination of potential threats, and his gradual detachment from morality and reality as he becomes more consumed by power.

Q: How does power affect Macbeth’s relationships?

A: Power erodes Macbeth’s relationships throughout the play. His relationship with Lady Macbeth, initially based on mutual ambition, deteriorates as guilt and madness consume them both. Macbeth’s tyrannical rule isolates him from his subjects, who turn against him, and even his loyal allies distance themselves. The corrupting influence of power not only destroys Macbeth’s moral compass but also erodes the bonds he once held dear.

Q: What is the overall message or moral of “Macbeth”?

A: The overall message of “Macbeth” is a cautionary one about the corrupting nature of unchecked ambition and the pursuit of power. The play warns against the consequences of sacrificing one’s morality and disregarding the well-being of others in the relentless pursuit of personal gain. It serves as a reminder of the fragility of human morality and the destructive path that can result from succumbing to the allure of power without ethical restraint.

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Macbeth ‘Power’ Essay [Draft]

How does one get an essay done from the entire play? The answer lies in taking key scenes, getting them into a Word document and then highlighting, in yellow, the relevant short quotes that fit the need of the essay when it is done. Once you have the highlighted quotes, you then delete the rest, leaving gaps between the quotes, so you can develop links between the words spoken by one character or another.

I did this and then put an essay together for you, to show you how it is done, but being the creative writer and thinker that I am, ended up with nearly 1300 words. I think it was 1296 words to be precise. So, I had to edit the file and take out relevant bits. What began by using 3 key scenes, then became an essay using 2 key scenes, leading to an essay of 840 words. Now technically, that is 15 words over the 10% limit AQA sets for Controlled Assessments, but if that happens to you, fear not.

Here is the essay in its fullness……..enjoy and try to emulate this.

Explore the ways that power is presented in Macbeth, with reference to the power that Lady Macbeth has over her husband.

Power exists within all relationships and is usually portrayed in fiction as patriarchal, but what the Bard is famous for as a playwright, is subverting the accepted norm and bringing to the attention of the public new ideas relating to the power relationships that exist. His play, Macbeth, about the Scottish tyrant King who is affected by witchcraft and the inward desires of his own wife’s evil intentions, is a good example of this power that exists in such relationships, even regal ones.

In Act 1, Scene 5, after Macbeth has been visited by the three witches on the heath, he writes a letter to his wife back at his castle. When she receives it, the audience begin to see where the power lays in their relationship. When she says “Glamis thou art, and Cawdor; and shalt be what thou art promised” she is expressing her desires to see her husband crowned King, but there is a problem; the present King, Duncan, is alive and well, so she begins to plot his demise. But as she does so she knows that her husband is a man who is “too full o’ the milk of human kindness” to undertake such a task as killing the King.

Shakespeare is using the language of kindness to describe Macbeth but follows this up with Lady Macbeth summoning evil spirits to aid her in her quest for her husband to become King. She says “come, you spirits that tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, and fill me from the crown to the toe top-full of direst cruelty!” Never could words uttered by any character in fiction be any more powerful than these, for she is asking for evil spirits to appear before her and make her utterly evil in every way. She wants to kill the King and feel no remorse. She wants to direct and urge her husband in the act of murder and treason because of her lust for power.

When Macbeth returns to the castle and is unsure of the plan to take over the throne, it is Lady Macbeth who tells him to “bear welcome in your eye, your hand, your tongue: look like the innocent flower, but be the serpent under’t” when the King arrives. She is telling Macbeth that he must appear to the King as friendly and unassuming; deceptive so as to gain power. What becomes evident is that power does corrupt, even if it is in the sense of the chance of power corrupting someone who is vulnerable to temptation.

Later, in Act 1 Scene 7, Macbeth doubts if he can murder the King. His soliloquy, spoken to the audience, leaves them in no doubt at all about his state of mind. He knows that he is the King’s “kinsman and his subject,” that he is related to the King as well as fond of him and this makes the act of murder harder for Macbeth to endure. He knows that Duncan “hath borne his faculties so meek, hath been so clear in his great office” and so, says that he “will proceed no further in this business.”

At this point, Macbeth is withering under the pressure of his wife’s plan, so she has to control him. She has to be the driving force in the relationship and asks “art thou afeard to be the same in thine own act and valour as thou art in desire?” This shows the difference between Lady Macbeth and her husband, for just as much as he is unwilling to commit murder, she would take her baby and “while it was smiling in [her] face, have pluck’d [her] nipple from his boneless gums, and dash’d the brains out” in order to summon up the will to kill the King.

Clearly, Lady Macbeth is being controlled and is also the controlling influence over Macbeth in this play. This is further worked out as she then tells him to “screw [his] courage to the sticking-place,” so that they [will] not fail.” At this point the audience hear and see that Macbeth has been persuaded to kill, which will ultimately bring about the downfall of himself and his wife, through tyrannical leadership and revenge from Macduff and the breaking of Lady Macbeth’s mind, leading to suicide.

What is evident throughout this play is the way that Shakespeare subverts the role of the woman, creating a woman who is manipulative of her husband, in complete control of him and someone who can drive him forward, through the depths of temptation to the most hideous act of all; murder. The act of regicide becomes the catalyst for the play to continue through the reign of Macbeth, the tyrant King, to his demise at the hands of Macduff and the subsequent crowning of the next King, Malcolm of Scotland. What Shakespeare has done here is merge history with tragedy; the tragic loss of power and control and the tragedy that awaits anyone in power, for as the saying goes, “power corrupts, but absolute power corrupts absolutely.”

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Home Essay Examples Literature Macbeth Power

The Theme Of Power In Macbeth

• Category Literature
• Subcategory Poems
• Topic Macbeth Power

This essay is about how Shakespeare explores the theme of power throughout the play. Macbeth is portrayed as ambitious yet vulnerable because he couldn’t keep his drive for power in control. As a result, it ultimately leads to his family’s and his own death.

Macbeth’s ambitions cause him to lose his conscience and we know this when he describes himself to “have no spur To prick the sides of my intent, but only vaulting ambition, which overleaps itself and falls on th’ other’. The metaphor ‘vaulting ambition’ suggests he has an intense desire for power and reaches the conclusion that he has a lack of motivation, but the only thing driving him present is ambition (which is compared to as a ‘vaulting ambition’). The phrase “no spur” suggests that Macbeth has no reasonable justification to murder Duncan but it’s his ambition that wins over his conscience and it ends up being his weakness. Also, the phrase “and falls on the other side” compares him to an inexperienced horse rider who vaults so vigorously and ends up falling to the ground; this phrase tells us he is foreseeing that it’ll be a serious mistake to murder the king. We associate power and ambition with positive outcomes and achievements, but it can all backfire if you don’t keep your drive for power in control, Macbeth didn’t.

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Macbeth is first presented as a powerful figure from when the witches say “All hail, Macbeth, thou shalt be king hereafter!…So all hail Macbeth and Banquo”. The verb “hail” means to welcome or praise enthusiastically so this suggests to the audience that he is praiseworthy. “though shalt be king hereafter” means that Macbeth will be future king, after becoming thane of Glamis and thane of Cawdor which is predicted by the 3 witches. The prophecy also claims that Banquo won’t be king, but his descendants will, which angers Macbeth. The audience sense that Macbeth and Banquo are strong, ambitious figures who want the power to accomplish things.

Lady Macbeth is deemed as sly and deceitful from when she gets a letter from Macbeth and learns about the witches and the prophecies. She says to herself “though wouldst be great art not without ambition, but without the illness to attend it”. The word “illness” means to have a disease but in this context, it suggests that the illness is ruthlessness and having the ability to kill the king. Lady Macbeth suggests her husband is a great, ambitious man, but he lacks the character traits to take the crown for himself. She knows he is too good of a person so she must influence him and plan out how to kill the king. Plus, the word “holily” (mentioned later on), indicates that Macbeth wants to be a good man, but he wants something that doesn’t belong to him.

To sum up the play, Macbeth is consumed with ambition and influence and murders King Duncan to take the Scottish crown for himself; however, he is hit with guilt and fear and eventually ends up being brutally murdered by Macbeth. Shakespeare wrote this play as a tribute to King James and wanted to include topics such as witchcraft, power and ancestry. Shakespeare also may have written Macbeth to support the natural order of events, which if disturbed, would inevitably lead to disaster.  

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Home — Essay Samples — Literature — Macbeth — The Role of Power and Ambition in Macbeth’s Downfall

The Role of Power and Ambition in Macbeth’s Downfall

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Published: Apr 21, 2022

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Macbeth’s Tragic Flaw

This essay about Macbeth as a tragic hero explores how William Shakespeare crafted Macbeth’s character in accordance with the classical definition of a tragic hero. Macbeth begins the play as a valorous and respected nobleman, but his encounter with the witches’ prophecy awakens his latent ambition. This ambition, his tragic flaw, leads him to murder King Duncan and sets him on a path of moral decay and further violent acts. The essay discusses Macbeth’s internal conflict and the psychological complexity that arises as he struggles with his conscience and descends deeper into tyranny. His initial nobility, combined with the devastating consequences of his actions, isolates him, leading to his inevitable downfall and death at the hands of Macduff. Shakespeare’s portrayal emphasizes the destructive power of unchecked ambition and the deep psychological repercussions of deviating from moral integrity, affirming Macbeth’s role as a tragic hero.

How it works

In William Shakespeare’s enthralling tragedy “Macbeth,” the persona of Macbeth embodies the quintessential tragic protagonist through a narrative imbued with ambition, ethical turmoil, and downfall. Shakespeare intricately constructs a narrative that delves into the journey of the tragic protagonist from valor to vice, providing a profound commentary on the perils of unbridled ambition and the intricate interplay between destiny and volition.

At the outset of the play, Macbeth is presented as a valiant warrior, deeply revered and esteemed for his courage and prowess in combat.

This initial depiction aligns with Aristotle’s portrayal of a tragic protagonist, which encompasses nobility and virtue as fundamental attributes. However, the seeds of his tragic flaw—overwhelming ambition—are planted by the prophecy of the three witches. They foretell Macbeth’s ascension to the throne of Scotland, igniting a fervent ambition within him that ultimately leads to his downfall.

The notion of the tragic flaw, or ‘hamartia,’ is pivotal in comprehending Macbeth’s adherence to the tragic protagonist archetype. His ambition impels him to commit regicide by assassinating King Duncan, an act that initiates his moral decline and the erosion of his character. This pivotal juncture transcends mere political maneuvering; it signifies a profound ethical transgression, the repercussions of which are immediate and dire. Remorse and paranoia begin to consume Macbeth, catalyzing further atrocities, including the murder of Banquo and the slaughter of Macduff’s kin. Each act of brutality propels him deeper into desolation and estrangement from humanity.

Macbeth’s metamorphosis epitomizes the psychological intricacy that Shakespeare infuses into his tragic protagonists. Initially, Macbeth is not devoid of conscience; his hesitation and subsequent anguish over Duncan’s murder depict a man grappling with his inner turmoil. However, his insatiable ambition blinds him to the moral dimensions of his deeds. As he succumbs to the allure of power and the dread of relinquishing it, he severs ties with those he cherishes and with his own moral compass. This isolation epitomizes the personal odyssey of the tragic protagonist, underscoring the individual element of tragedy.

The culmination of Macbeth’s tragic odyssey is his inevitable downfall. In classic tragic narratives, the protagonist must plummet from grace and endure the consequences of his flaws. For Macbeth, the fulfillment of the witches’ prophecy evokes not elation but existential dread and solitude. His reign is characterized not by triumph but by terror and suspicion, precipitating a loss of allegiance and eventual retaliation by those he has wronged. Macbeth’s demise at the hands of Macduff, who is impervious to Macbeth’s despotic tyranny by virtue of his unique birth, symbolizes not merely the conclusion of a reign but a poignant reflection on the inevitability of retribution in the face of despotism.

In conclusion, Macbeth epitomizes the tragic protagonist through his initial nobility, tragic flaw of unchecked ambition, moral turmoil, and ultimate downfall. Shakespeare’s portrayal of Macbeth’s trajectory from a valiant nobleman to a tyrannical ruler elucidates the ruinous potential of ambition and the profound psychological and ethical repercussions that accompany a departure from virtue. Macbeth’s narrative serves as a timeless admonition of the dangers that await those who forsake moral rectitude in pursuit of power, rendering him one of literature’s most captivating and tragic figures.

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