jobs with phd in clinical psychology

10 PhD in Psychology Jobs

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Careers in psychology can last for decades, so you definitely want to pick the right path before you get started.

Psychology is a huge field, and jobs after a PhD in psychology cover a huge spectrum of interests, specialties, and industries.

You’re probably already well aware that those kind of qualifications don’t come cheap. According to 2020 data from NCES, the six or seven years you will spend in grad school getting that PhD or PsyD will run you anywhere from $73,000 to over $155,000 depending on the university.

Before you fork over that kind of cash, you probably want to know what jobs you can get with a PhD in psychology.

PhD in psychology careers are both lucrative and fulfilling. But they require specialization and focus, so you need to think about what area you want to concentrate in before you begin your PhD in psychology program.

These 10 doctorate in psychology jobs are some of the options on the table after you graduate.

1. Clinical Psychologist

Doctorate in psychology jobs don’t get any more iconic than work as a clinical psychologist. You want the office with a couch and people laying on it telling you about their childhood? This is the PhD in psychology career you pick to get it.

Clinical psychologists work directly with individuals and groups who need professional psychoanalysis to help them through mental health issues. Private practice isn’t the only option in this role, though. Plenty of clinical psychologists work in hospitals, clinics, and larger rehabilitation or long-term care facilities. You have a wide range of subspecialties you can choose from, ranging from addiction issues to couples counseling. Or you can remain a generalist, and enjoy the variety of challenges that walk in the door needing your assistance.

2. Research Psychologist

If you aren’t as much of a people-person, but are fascinated by behaviors and thought processes, then becoming a research psychologist may be the right pick for you. Research psychologists don’t engage in one-to-one therapy work, but instead investigate the causes and cures of mental illness in general. That can involve devising and executing psychological experiments, or mining huge databases of behavioral data to uncover trends.

3. Industrial/Organizational Psychologist

I/O psychologists make their mark in the psychology of work. Businesses and other organizations need to understand how group psychology effects productivity, happiness, and cohesion in the workplace. There is a science to workplace dynamics. A doctorate in psychology gives you the toolset to understand how groups interact under the hierarchy and pressure of a factory floor, a hospital ward, or a trading desk. Public and private companies can pay out big bucks for the right kind of advice to make their organizations more efficient and effective.

An online PhD degree can make it easy for you to build up the practical experience you need in this specialty even while you are still studying.

4. Forensic Psychologist

With shows like Criminal Minds and the popular CSI series making a splash in popular culture, a lot of people are pursuing a PhD in psychology with the idea of becoming a forensic psychologist. If you want to understand exactly how twisted and dark the human brain can become, a doctorate is definitely in your future.

But forensic psychologists aren’t usually chasing shadowy figures into dark allies and deducing where serial killers work and play. Forensic psychology is really a specialty that has to do with the psychology of law and legal process. That goes far beyond criminal justice, extending to jury evaluation in civil trials, public policy analysis, and even reviewing laws before they are passed to assess the impact on individuals and society.

5. Educational Psychologist

The human brain is in many ways a learning machine. How we process, absorb, and interpret the world around us is a constant consideration for all psychologists. But educational psychologists specialize in understanding how we acquire, process, and interpret knowledge.

Many educational psychologists work in schools, offering counseling to children, but it’s a broader role than that. Psychologists in this job may evaluate textbooks and curricula to make sure they are optimized for delivering information, or evaluate standardized tests to be sure they are accurately measuring knowledge. Educational policy and legislative development lean heavily on research pioneered by these doctorate in psychology jobs.

6. Developmental Psychologist

Developmental psychology is also concerned with how the brain learns and grows, but it’s a field with bigger fish to fry than just educational matters. It’s the study of mental processes across the lifespan, as the brain and sensory systems grow, mature, and eventually began to deteriorate. Developmental psychologists study and diagnose developmental mental health disorders, playing an important role in pediatric healthcare. But they are also active in researching some of the biggest issues at the other end of the lifespan, looking for ways to cure or treat Alzheimer's and other age-related psychological issues.

7. Social Psychologist

If you’ve ever wondered why a meme goes viral, the social psychology might be the PhD in psychology career for you.

Social psychologists take on some of the most fascinating challenges in the field: they specialize in how individuals both influence and are affected in their thinking by interacting with others. Group think is a thing, and how it happens is the province of the social psychologist. They examine how cultures come from shared thought patterns, and how those patterns both fulfill and constrain the thoughts of people within them.

Understanding social interactions and psychological effects is important for big companies, governments, and healthcare organizations. Social psychology researchers also have plenty of impact on marketing and sales campaigns, right down to picking out the colors for product logos.

8. Health Psychologist

In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, health psychology has developed into one of the most fascinating branches of the field. The world has turned into a showcase of reactions to the coronavirus, from panic to outright denial, providing data that will feed future health psychology PhD dissertations for decades.

But it’s also a moment in which more people than ever need the kind of help and advice that health psychologists can offer. From counseling patients on ventilators and in isolation to advising public health agencies on the best campaigns to increase vaccine acceptance rates, health psychologists have had their shining moment thrust upon them. With new recognition of the importance of professional PhD counseling in healthcare, that moment isn’t likely to fade anytime soon.

9. Sports Psychologist

Becoming a sports psychologist is a dream job for any sports fan. Since there are a lot of sports fans in the United States, that makes it a particularly tough field to get into. But the rewards are massive.

Sports psychologists can and do work with pro athletes in any kind of competitive event, including big names who play for major teams. They might work for the teams themselves, advising on team building and coaching processes. In other cases, they work with individual athletes to maximize performance or help with injury recovery.

But sports psychologists play important roles in rehab and assisting amateur athletes, too. Not everyone needs to work for an NBA team to get satisfaction and deliver real results in this field.

10. Neuropsychologist

We saved the toughest job for last. Neuropsychologists explore the boundaries between the mental and the physical. They study the physiological processes underlying thoughts, perceptions, and feelings for a better understanding of how people think. That gives them an edge in determining when problems are purely psychological, or have a basis in physical injury or disease.

The reverse is also true, and neuropsychologists play an important role in research by helping the field of brain science interpret findings of imaging and experiments by translating them into effects on mental processes. New understanding of traumatic brain injury and diseases like Alzheimer's come out of neuropsychology research. It’s one of the most rewarding PhD in psychology jobs you will find.

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Careers in Clinical Psychology

Clinical Psychologists Specialize in Treating Mental Disorders

Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

Emily is a board-certified science editor who has worked with top digital publishing brands like Voices for Biodiversity, Study.com, GoodTherapy, Vox, and Verywell.

What Clinical Psychologists Do

• Degree Options

Should You Become a Clinical Psychologist?

Clinical psychologists specialize in the assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental disorders. They often work in medical settings, clinical psychologists are not medical doctors and do not prescribe medications in most states. Clinical psychology also represents the single largest subfield of psychologists .

While all clinical psychologists are interested in mental health, there are actually a wide variety of sub-specialties within this field. Some of these specialty areas include child mental health, adult mental health, learning disabilities, emotional disturbances, substance abuse, geriatrics, and health psychology .

At a Glance

Clinical psychologists help people who are dealing with mental, emotional, social, and behavioral problems. They assess an individual, make a diagnosis, and provide psychological treatments. Some clinical psychologists specialize in providing certain types of therapy, working with specific populations, or treating specific mental disorders.

Clinical psychologists specialize in diagnosing and treating mental health issues, including:

• Behavioral problems
• Substance use issues
• Cognitive problems
• Problems adjusting to sudden life changes
• Emotional challenges
• Mental health conditions such as anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia
• Interpersonal problems
• Relationship issues
• Developmental problems

Clinical psychologists often work in hospitals, private practice, or academic settings. Clinicians are trained in a range of techniques and theoretical approaches. Some specialize in treating certain psychological disorders while others work with clients experiencing a wide variety of problems.

Clinical psychologists also treat psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and depression.

In addition to working with clients, clinical psychologists have to keep detailed records of client assessment, diagnosis, therapeutic goals, and treatment notes. These records help clinicians and clients track progress and are often needed for billing and insurance purposes.

How Much Do Clinical Psychologists Make?

As of 2020, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that the median annual wage for clinical psychologists is $90,130. PayScale says the median salary for experienced clinical psychologists is $89,716. The top pay for experienced professionals in this field is $124,000.

The U.S. Department of Labor’s Occupational Outlook Handbook reports that in 2022, there are 67,500 clinical and counseling psychologist jobs. Employment in clinical and counseling psychology is projected to grow 11% through 2032. The rising need for qualified mental health care professionals will contribute to a demand for clinical psychologists.

Psychologist is ranked 49th on U.S. News and World Report's "Best Jobs" list. While clinical psychologists do face job stress, the flexibility of the career and the ability to help others are two major benefits.

Clinical Psychologist Degree Options

While some individuals find work with a master’s degree, most positions require a doctoral degree in clinical psychology. Some graduate programs accept applicants with undergraduate degrees in other disciplines, but most encourage students to get a bachelor’s degree in psychology before pursuing graduate study in clinical psychology.

There are two major training models for doctoral degrees:

• PhD : The traditional PhD in Psychology (or Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology) emphasizes the role of research and science.
• PsyD : The PsyD degree (Doctor of Psychology) primarily focuses on clinical and practitioner work.

PsyD programs are attractive to many students because they typically take a year less time to complete than a PhD On the other hand, PhD programs tend to provide better funding for graduate students.

Clinical psychologists need to have excellent communication skills. It is also important to be creative when developing treatment plans and approaches.

Helping people overcome problems can be extremely rewarding.

Differing client needs and challenges allow clinicians to search for creative solutions.

Opportunities for self-employment.

Insurance companies require that clinicians keep extensive client records, so there is a considerable amount of paperwork.

There is a risk of burnout due to the demanding nature of therapy.

Clinical psychologists often work long hours with clients who can be demanding, argumentative, or unstable.

Before you decide on a career in clinical psychology, contact local human services providers about volunteer opportunities that may be available. Clinical psychology can be both a demanding and deeply rewarding field and volunteer experiences can help you decide if a career in clinical psychology is right for you.

What This Means For You

If you are interested in a career as a clinical psychologist, its important to think about what you might want to specialize in. You might opt to work with certain populations (such as children, teens, or adults) or in providing specific types of treatments (such as cognitive-behavioral therapy or dialectical behavior therapy). Having an idea of what you might like to do can help you create an educational plan that will help you reach your goals.

American Psychological Association. 2015 APA Survey of Psychology Health Service Providers .

American Psychological Association. Clinical psychology .

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Psychologists . Occupational Outlook Handbook .

PayScale. Average experienced clinical psychologist salary .

U.S. News and World Report. Psychologist overview .

American Psychological Association. A career in clinical or counseling psychology .

American Psychological Association. Funding stats .

By Kendra Cherry, MSEd Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

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• Considering Clinical Psychology

What Career Paths are Available to Those With Doctorates in Clinical Psychology?

Although it is difficult to get into strong graduate programs in clinical psychology, those students who do will have a number of career options open to them upon obtaining their doctorate. Typically, clinical psychology graduates choose careers either in academia or clinical practice, or in some combination of these two options. Many graduate students try to pursue a career in academia, typically as professors in Psychology or Psychiatry departments at universities. Academic positions in clinical psychology are very competitive, especially at the best universities. For example, for a recent clinical position at the Assistant Professor level here at Northwestern University we received over 50 applications, at least a dozen of which were of very high quality. Most of these top applicants likely received other job offers, or almost certainly will receive them eventually. Many of the others, however, will not obtain an academic appointment, but will work primarily in applied clinical settings, such as hospitals or mental health centers, or in individual or group private practice settings.

Other students enter graduate school in clinical psychology in order to pursue careers as psychotherapists. Although some of these students enter traditional PhD clinical psychology programs, others enter the more recent PsyD (Doctor of Psychology) programs, which generally have a stronger emphasis on hands-on training in clinical assessment and therapy, and a weaker emphasis on clinical research. Students graduating from PsyD Programs are typically not prepared to compete for careers in academic settings, although they are competitive for clinical practitioner jobs.

However, with changes in health-care insurance the future of clinical psychology practice as we know it today is unclear, and students would be well advised to talk with practicing clinical psychologists before making a commitment to pursue a career as a clinical psychologist in private practice. Our best advice to you, given the uncertainty of the field, is to keep your options as open as possible, which means trying to attend a graduate program that will prepare you for a career in either academics or practice.

Get Your Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology – Everything You Need to Know in 2024

What’s in this guide, at a glance, why get a phd in clinical psychology, entry requirements for a clinical psychology phd program, what’s covered in a clinical psychology phd program, how much does a phd in clinical psychology cost, program funding and financial support, program duration and flexibility, location and access to clinical populations, program curriculum and specializations, internship placement and post-graduation outcomes, what jobs can you do with a phd in clinical psychology, how much can you earn with a phd in clinical psychology.

By psychologyjobs.com Staff Writer

A PhD in  clinical psychology  is an advanced academic degree that delves into the scientific study, diagnosis, and treatment of mental disorders and behavioral conditions. This rigorous program is designed to prepare graduates for careers in research, teaching, and direct clinical practice. Through the blend of coursework, research, and hands-on clinical training, students are equipped with comprehensive knowledge and skills necessary to become leaders in the field of psychology.

Typically, a PhD in clinical psychology takes between 4 to 7 years to complete, with the variation in duration often depending on the specific requirements of the program, the nature of the student’s research, and the requisite clinical training hours. Most programs include a combination of classroom-based learning, research projects culminating in a dissertation, and applied clinical experience through internships or  practicums .

The curriculum for a PhD in clinical psychology encompasses a wide range of topics. Core areas of study usually include foundations of clinical psychology, research methods, psychopathology, psychological assessment, and various psychotherapy and counseling techniques. Additionally, students often delve into specialized subjects such as  neuropsychology ,  forensic psychology ,  child psychology  and health psychology. This comprehensive training ensures that graduates are well-prepared to address diverse psychological needs across different populations and settings.

There are a multitude of reasons why students pursue a PhD in clinical psychology, here are a few key reasons to consider it:

Demand for Clinical Psychologists

The demand for  clinical psychologists  has been steadily rising, reflecting the growing awareness and acceptance of mental health services in the general population. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (as of 2019), the employment of psychologists is projected to grow 14% from 2018 to 2028, which is much faster than the average for all occupations. This growth is attributed to the greater demand for psychological services in schools, hospitals, mental health centers, and social service agencies. With a PhD in clinical psychology, individuals are well-equipped to meet this increasing demand, providing essential services and contributing to the overall well-being of the community.

Opportunity for Specialization and Higher Earnings

Pursuing a PhD in clinical psychology opens doors to various specializations, such as neuropsychology, child psychology, or forensic psychology. Specialized psychologists often have the potential for higher earnings compared to their generalist counterparts. For instance, according to a 2019 salary survey by the American Psychological Association (APA), doctoral-level clinical psychologists with a specialization (like neuropsychologists) reported median salaries that were approximately 40% higher than those without a specialization. A PhD program allows for deep dives into specific areas of interest, enhancing expertise and potentially boosting earning potential.

Leadership Opportunities and Policy Influence

One of the often-overlooked advantages of a PhD in clinical psychology is the doors it opens to leadership roles within organizations and the potential to influence public policy. The intensive training and deep expertise gained from such a doctoral program position graduates as thought leaders in the field of mental health. According to the American Psychological Association, psychologists with doctoral degrees often find themselves in positions where they can shape policy, both within healthcare institutions and at regional or national levels. Their informed perspectives are invaluable in advisory roles, committees, or when collaborating with governments to create mental health programs, ensuring that psychological services are both effective and accessible. A PhD not only amplifies their voice but also underscores the weight of their expertise in these pivotal roles.

• Bachelor’s Degree : Typically in psychology or a related field, though some programs may accept applicants from other disciplines if they’ve completed prerequisite courses.
• Master’s Degree : Some programs prefer or require a  master’s degree  in psychology or a related field, while others will accept students directly from a  bachelor’s program .
• Grade Point Average (GPA) : Many programs have a minimum GPA requirement of 3.0.
• Letters of Recommendation : Typically from professors, researchers, or professionals familiar with the applicant’s academic and/or clinical work.
• Background Check : Given the nature of clinical work, some programs might require a background check before final admission.

A PhD in clinical psychology is designed to train students in both the science and practice of psychology. The curriculum typically covers a wide array of topics to ensure that graduates are well-rounded and competent researchers, educators, and clinicians. Here’s an overview of the subjects often covered:

• Foundations of Clinical Psychology : This introduces students to the history, theories, and key concepts of the field.
• Research Methods and Statistics : Comprehensive training in both qualitative and quantitative research methods, along with advanced statistical techniques, ensuring students can design and analyze research effectively.
• Psychopathology : Study of various psychological disorders, understanding their origins, classifications, and manifestations across the lifespan.
• Psychological Assessment : Techniques and tools used for clinical assessments, including intelligence testing, personality assessment, and neuropsychological testing.
• Psychotherapy and Intervention : Training in therapeutic modalities and techniques, from cognitive-behavioral therapy to psychodynamic approaches, ensuring students can provide evidence-based treatments.
• Professional Ethics and Issues : Examination of the ethical guidelines and professional standards in the practice of clinical psychology.
• Biological Bases of Behavior : Understanding the neurobiological and physiological processes underpinning behavior, emotion, and cognition.
• Cognitive and Affective Bases of Behavior : Exploring how cognitive processes and emotions shape human behavior.
• Social Bases of Behavior : Understanding social interactions, group dynamics, and broader societal and cultural factors that influence psychology.
• Human Development : Insights into psychological development from infancy to old age.
• Diversity and Multicultural Psychology : Training to ensure culturally competent care, addressing the unique psychological needs of diverse populations.

Here’s a sample curriculum for a PhD program in clinical psychology:

• Introduction to Clinical Psychology
• Cognitive Behavior Therapy: Theory and Practice
• Research Methods in Psychology I
• Psychological Statistics I
• Clinical Practicum I
• Psychopathology I
• Psychological Assessment I: Cognitive and Intellectual Assessment
• Research Methods in Psychology II
• Psychological Statistics II
• Clinical Practicum II

Second Year

• Psychopathology II
• Psychological Assessment II: Personality Assessment
• Human Development Across the Lifespan
• Biological Bases of Behavior
• Clinical Practicum III
• Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic Therapies
• Cognitive and Affective Bases of Behavior
• Advanced Quantitative Methods
• Professional Ethics in Clinical Psychology
• Clinical Practicum IV
• Neuropsychological Assessment
• Multicultural Psychology and Diversity Issues in Treatment
• Social Bases of Behavior
• Health Psychology
• Clinical Practicum V
• Forensic Psychology
• Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy
• Advanced Clinical Seminar (e.g., trauma therapy or substance abuse treatment)
• Supervision and Consultation in Clinical Practice
• Clinical Practicum VI

Fourth Year

• Family and Couples Therapy
• Advanced Research Seminar I
• Clinical Psychopharmacology (for some programs)
• Elective Course (e.g., School Psychology, Military Psychology, etc.)
• Dissertation Proposal Development
• Advanced Research Seminar II
• Group Psychotherapy
• Elective Course (e.g., Geriatric Psychology, Positive Psychology, etc.)
• Dissertation Research
• Predoctoral Internship (typically a full-year, full-time commitment)
• Dissertation Completion and Defense

The cost of pursuing a PhD in Clinical Psychology varies significantly based on the type of institution and residency status.

Generally, private universities tend to have higher tuition rates, ranging from $30,000 to $60,000 per year. Public universities, on the other hand, offer different rates for in-state and out-of-state residents; in-state tuition can range between $10,000 to $30,000 per year, while out-of-state students might pay between $25,000 to $50,000 annually. These figures don’t account for other costs like fees, books, and living expenses.

It’s worth noting that many Clinical Psychology PhD programs provide financial support, often in the form of fellowships, research, or teaching assistantships, which can cover tuition and offer stipends.

What to look for in a PhD program

It can be overwhelming with so many PhD programs out there and so many factors to consider. Choosing a program in clinical psychology is a significant decision that will impact the trajectory of your career. Here are a few key ways to compare programs/institutions:

Fully funded programs, which include tuition waivers and stipends, can drastically reduce student debt and allow students to focus on their studies.The National Science Foundation’s Survey of Earned Doctorates found that over 75% of research doctorate recipients in psychology reported no education-related debt, largely due to funding availability in their programs.

The length of a program and its ability to accommodate part-time students or offer flexible schedules can be vital, especially for those balancing work, family, or other commitments.

According to the APA, the median time to complete a doctorate in psychology has been around 7 years. However, some programs, especially those designed for working professionals, might offer accelerated tracks or part-time options, which can affect this duration.

Being in a location that provides access to diverse clinical populations or specific groups that align with a student’s research interests can be invaluable for hands-on training and research.

A report from the APA emphasized the importance of diversity in clinical training. Programs located in urban settings or areas with diverse communities can offer broader exposure and experience in multicultural clinical practice, which is essential for a comprehensive education in clinical psychology.

The curriculum and available specializations should align with a student’s career and research interests.

In a survey by the APA, PhD recipients emphasized the importance of finding a program that matched their specific interests, as this played a crucial role in their eventual job satisfaction and career trajectory.

High-quality internship placements and positive post-graduation outcomes can significantly influence a graduate’s early career.

The Association of Psychology Postdoctoral and Internship Centers (APPIC) provides data on internship match rates. Programs with high match rates to APA-accredited internships often signal strong training and preparation.

• Licensed Clinical Psychologist : This is perhaps the most direct application of the degree. Clinical psychologists assess, diagnose, and treat mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. They might work with specific populations, such as children, the elderly, or individuals with severe mental illness.
• Licensed professional counselor : an LPC is a mental health professional trained to provide therapy and counseling services to individuals, couples, and groups for a variety of emotional and psychological challenges.
• Mental Health Counselor :  provide counseling and therapy services to individuals and groups with mental health concerns such as depression, anxiety, and trauma.
• School Psychologist :  work in K-12 schools to provide counseling and support services to students, including academic guidance, behavioral interventions, and emotional support.
• Professor : A PhD graduate can work in academia, conducting research on various psychological topics and teaching undergraduate and graduate students.
• Forensic Psychologist : Working at the intersection of psychology and the legal system, forensic psychologists might assess defendants’ competency, provide expert testimony, or evaluate the risk of reoffending. Although you might instead consider a  PhD in forensic psychology .
• Neuropsychologist:  diagnose and treat cognitive and behavioral disorders related to brain function, such as traumatic brain injury and dementia.
• Health Psychologist : Focusing on how psychological factors affect health and illness, these professionals might work in hospitals, clinics, or public health settings to improve patient outcomes.
• Director of Clinical Services : Those with a blend of clinical expertise and administrative skills might oversee clinical services at hospitals, clinics, or mental health centers
• Research Psychologist :  conduct research on a variety of topics related to human behavior and mental health, including developmental psychology, social psychology, and cognitive psychology.
• Industrial-Organizational Psychologist : work with organizations to improve productivity and employee well-being through programs such as employee selection, training, and development.
• Licensed Clinical Psychologist : $91,677
• Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) : $65,000
• Mental Health Counselor : $60,000
• School Psychologist : $90,000
• Professor (Psychology) : $80,370
• Forensic Psychologist : $101,000
• Neuropsychologist : $79,820
• Health Psychologist: $100,000
• Director of Clinical Services: $120,000
• Research Psychologist : $79,000
• Industrial-Organizational Psychologist : $112,690

• Psychology Programs

What Can I Do With a Clinical Psychology Degree? [2024 Updated]

It is true that it can sometimes take a long time to earn a clinical psychology degree , but for many it is well worth the time, effort and commitment it takes to get it.

One of the main advantages of having an advanced degree (master’s and/or doctorate) in clinical psychology is that it opens up doors for you in a variety of different psychological industries.

For instance, with a doctorate in clinical psychology you can become a college professor, researcher, psychologist (in any field that provides services), etc.

You can also provide counseling services to specific groups: children, families, marital couples, ethnic and cultural groups, the elderly, those with chronic illnesses, religious individuals, etc.

One of the best perks is that you will more than likely have more say in the hours that you work (especially if you have your own practice). You can do a lot of things with a degree in clinical psychology and this article will help you chart the path to success.

What are the Careers in Clinical Psychology?

Following are some of the popular careers you can pursue with a clinical psychology degree:

• Clinical Psychologist

Child Psychologist

Counseling psychologist, medical psychologist, mental health social worker, neuropsychologist, private psychologist, rehabilitation psychologist, school psychologist.

• Clinical Social Worker and Clinical Case Manager

Special Education Teacher

Substance abuse counselor, clinical psychology college professor, behavioral health psychologist.

As a behavioral health psychologist, you typically work with clients in individual and group settings to help them overcome behavioral difficulties like addiction. That means that your job isn’t just counseling your clients, but also helping them identify triggers, learn coping skills, and generally helping them to function in a healthier manner. You may work as a behavioral health counselor with a master’s degree and find many employment opportunities.

One of the most popular fields of psychology is child psychology . A doctorate in clinical psychology can allow you to work as a child psychologist at schools, inpatient or outpatient treatment facilities, juvenile detention centers, mental hospitals, clinics, research laboratories and/or private practices.

Your main responsibilities will include: teaching children and adolescents healthy coping and communication skills, helping children work through emotional distress, improving the learning experience for students, counseling mentally ill children and adolescents, providing academic guidance to students, altering unhealthy, destructive and dangerous thinking patterns and behaviors and providing support.

Your goal will be to develop tailor-made treatment plans for your clients that consist of a variety of psychological techniques, methods and strategies such as role–playing with dolls and/or writing in a journal.

Clinical Case Manager

With a background in clinical psychology, you might work as a clinical case manager . In this position, you would most likely be responsible for managing a caseload of clients with very diverse needs, though, in some employment settings, clinical case managers might specialize with a certain population (i.e., clients with eating disorders).

Primarily, your function would be to maintain periodic contact with each client, connect them with necessary resources, and help them work through problems. Some clinical case management positions can be found with just a bachelor’s degree, but you will find more job opportunities with a master’s degree.

If you enjoy psychology as well as teaching others, a career as a clinical psychology college professor might be a good fit. Typically, psychology professors have had a number of years of experience working in the field, either in a clinical or research setting.

Once you have some experience, you can draw on those experiences to assist your students in better understanding key psychological concepts and practices. Junior professor positions are often open to you if you have a master’s degree, but to become a tenured professor, a doctorate is typically required.

Clinical Social Worker

As a clinical social worker , your tasks might be to assist clients in two primary areas: procuring needed resources to live (i.e., job assistance, rent assistance) and helping them work through personal problems that are causing difficulties in their lives (i.e., depression, anxiety).

Often, clinical social workers are employed in treatment centers, hospitals, and residential facilities, though you can also work in private practice and other settings. Though some clinical social workers have just a bachelor’s degree in social work, many states require social workers to have a master’s degree in order to become a licensed clinical social worker.

If you pursue a career as a counseling psychologist , you may work with clients to improve their well being by addressing behavioral, emotional, and mental difficulties that have negatively impacted their lives.

Typically, you would meet with clients in a counseling setting, and talk through issues in a very personal and non-threatening way. Sometimes you might simply listen; other times you might help them build skills. Many counseling psychologists practice with a master’s degree.

As a medical psychologist , you work with patients whose physiological functioning is negatively impacted by their behavior. That is, you would address topics like disease prevention and healthy lifestyle choices in the context of a clinical psychology setting.

For example, if a patient complains of constant, severe headaches, you would strive to understand the behaviors that might make headaches more likely. If headaches result from drinking a lot of coffee in the morning to wake up after not getting enough sleep the night before, you would work with the client to develop better sleeping habits.

With a bachelor’s or master’s degree in clinical psychology, you can become a mental health social worker. Your primary responsibilities will be to provide counseling services and resources (under the supervision of a psychologist or psychiatrist) to clients and/or patients.

Some of your other duties may include: conducting crisis intervention groups, developing outreach programs for at-risk youth, helping clients re-enter the community, helping clients find housing, daycare services, sign up for healthcare and government assistance, taking clients to school, doctor’s appointments, etc. You may also help individuals work through social, work, family, relationship and/or personal issues.

With an advanced degree (doctorate) in clinical psychology you may be able to enter the field of neuropsychology . This field focuses on brain processes and behaviors. If you decide to pursue this career field, you will more than likely work at a trauma centers for brain-injuries and/or stroke survivors, hospitals (in the trauma department) or at a research laboratory.

Your main responsibilities will be to determine the extent of a brain injury or brain damage by assessing the patient’s cognitive performance. You will use a variety of psychological assessments, equipment and techniques to interview, observe, evaluate, diagnose and treat patients with abnormal brain function/activity and cognitive deficits.

If you choose to work for yourself in private practice , you might enjoy many benefits of being self-employed, like being able to focus on an area of psychology that you enjoy the most.

For example, as a private psychologist, you may work primarily with children, people with anxiety, or specialize in mood disorders. Private psychologists must possess at least a master’s degree, though it’s often prudent to pursue a doctorate to open up more job opportunities.

Psychotherapist

If you work as a psychotherapist , you meet with clients, usually in a one-on-one clinical setting, to assist them in bringing about personal change that helps them overcome problems or obstacles in their lives.

Psychotherapy is a form of clinical psychology that emphasizes the value of developing a trusting relationship with the client and relying on talking, listening, and relationship building to bring about positive change.

As a rehabilitation psychologist , you would rely on the principles of clinical psychology to assist your clients in identifying mental illnesses, behavioral disorders, disabilities, and so forth, which have a negative impact on their ability to function normally. For example, you might treat a client for depression as it relates to the recent loss of a limb, such as their leg.

In the context of counseling, you might help the client build skills that help them minimize the impact of their disability or provide exercises that help them focus on the positive aspects of their life to help them overcome their depression.

As a school psychologist , you typically use psychological principles to assist students in improving their ability to learn, improve their behavior, and address their mental health concerns.

Additionally, you might also work directly with teachers to develop age-appropriate lesson plans that support student learning and enhance their ability to develop the knowledge and skills needed to be successful in school and in life. School psychologists usually have at least a master’s degree, of which part of the degree program is a supervised internship period.

With a bachelor’s degree in clinical psychology, you may be able to enter the field of education as a special education teacher .

Your educational background may help you provide services to students with mental, physical and emotional developmental delays and learning disabilities. You may work with students that have mild disabilities or you may work with students that have moderate-to-severe disabilities.

Your primary goal will be to make sure that disabled students receive the best education possible. Your main function will be to tweak classroom curriculum to ensure that your students are learning what they need to learn to function to the best of their abilities.

You may teach basic curriculum (math, English, science and social studies) at a slower pace or you may teach independent living skills (brushing teeth, bathing, paying bills, making decisions, cooking, socializing, etc.).

Another possible career path you can take if you have a master’s degree in clinical psychology is substance abuse counseling. It is important to note that some states will allow you to practice as a substance abuse counselor with a bachelor’s degree in clinical psychology, so it is important to research your state’s requirements before enrolling a clinical psychology program.

With this degree, you will be able to counsel clients addicted to alcohol, drugs, gambling and/or food. You may also develop community outreach programs, and/or educate the public about the dangers of substance abuse.

Counseling may occur in a private office or it may occur in a group setting. You will primarily work at a substance abuse treatment center, hospital, clinic or private practice.

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References and Further Reading

• American Psychological Association (APA) – About Clinical Psychology .
• U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics – Psychologists – Occupational Outlook Handbook.
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Applying to Clinical PhD Psychology Programs

How many applications to send.

Posted July 22, 2018

Now is the time that many individuals are going to be thinking about their future career . For many, their career journey includes graduate program in a clinical psychology PhD program. For these individuals, the next few months will involve carefully researching various programs to determine which programs might be best for them. One big question that will hit all of these potential applicants concerns the optimal number of applications to send.

It might seem like someone or some computer program has figured out the number of applications to send, but like most aspects of the application process for PhD clinical psychology programs, determining this number is complex. To begin, it is likely the case that most applicants know that getting accepted to a clinical psychology PhD program is very difficult. To illustrate this in concrete terms, we looked at the acceptance and matriculation rates of PhD programs that are members of the Council of University Directors of Clinical Psychology. These rates are publicly available for these programs website under the link “Student Admissions, Outcomes, and Other Data”. We were able to locate data for 100 programs, and found that the acceptance rate was most often 4%, and the matriculation rate (those who actually enrolled) was most often 2%.

These extremely low values reflect the high standards of all clinical psychology PhD programs, the high number of applicants that apply to each program, and the low number of open slots at each program for an incoming class. One other point should be kept in mind related to the above points: The applicants to PhD programs are at the “highest level.” This means that if you are applying to a PhD program in clinical psychology, you really need to be a strong candidate. There is no hard and fast rule on what constitutes a strong candidate, but rest assured it is a combination of very high GRE scores (on all three components of the exam), a very high GPA in rigorous courses (forget those gym courses and basket-weaving courses!), research experience (remember that a PhD is a research degree), excellent letters of recommendation, and a great fit with a potential mentor.

Besides showing that it is really difficult to be accepted into a particular PhD program, the acceptance and matriculation (enrollment) rates raise other interesting issues that are important to the question of how many programs you should apply to. First, acceptance rates are higher than matriculation rates. This is because not every person who gets accepted to a clinical psychology PhD program ends up attending. For example, an applicant may realize that that being a clinician is not for them. This applicant’s slot is then open for another applicant. Second, applicants to clinical psychology PhD programs almost always apply to multiple programs. This leads to a lot of movement with regard to who gets accepted. Let’s take the example of a fictitious applicant Susan who applies to 15 clinical psychology PhD programs. She receives acceptances from five programs—Michigan State, UKentucky, UDenver, Alabama, and UTexas. Of course, she can only matriculate at one program—she picks UKentucky (not for the basketball!). Her matriculation decision means that the four other slots that were originally reserved for Susan must go unused or go to other applicants in the applicant pool, who may or may not enroll at each of the remaining four programs.

Given the above information, we can now focus on how many programs you should consider applying to. Right up front we should note that there does not appear to be any publicly accessible data that shows the number of applications per clinical psychology PhD applicant. This is different than other types of post-graduate applicants, where data is available on the number of applications per applicant for medical program (16 applications) and law program (6 applications).

Nonetheless, there is some guidance from the Internet on determining how many programs an applicant should apply to:

1) Although neither the American Psychological Association (APA) nor one of the most widely cited websites about applying to clinical psychology graduate program (“Mitch’s Guide”) recommends a specific number, these resources (and others) discuss applications in terms of “fit”. That is, an applicant should apply to programs where there is a fit between a student’s credentials and the characteristics of a particular program, including location, training emphasis, and potential mentor(s).

2) Some sites offer more specific recommendations. These sites discuss applying to different levels of programs. These types are typically defined based on the GPA and GRE data listed in a program’s link to Student Admissions, Outcomes, and Other Data. At the top level are “Dream” or “Reach” programs (programs where your credentials are lower than the data), “Match” programs (programs where your credentials match the data for that program), and “Safety” or “Back-up” programs (programs where your credentials exceed the data). Sites recommending that you apply based on level of program will typically argue that an applicant should apply to perhaps two or three at each level.

3) Some Internet sites offer recommendations on how many programs to apply without mentioning level of program. These sites recommend varying numbers, often as high as 10-20 programs.

The lack of clarity on the number of applications to clinical psychology PhD programs means you may have to adjust your thinking as you move forward with your plans to apply to clinical psychology PhD programs. You will have to decide whether applying to different levels makes sense for you. While some students may need to use the levels approach because of specific gaps in their credentials, others may have a record so strong that the levels approach does not really apply to them—these students are competitive at all programs.

In addition, if you are a highly competitive applicant, it is probably worth you increasing your number of applications. Figuring out additional programs to apply to will involve more work, and it might involve considering multiple research areas you are willing to pursue, but it will likely increase your overall chances to be accepted to a program. You must always keep in mind that your chances of being accepted anywhere is still a function of your credentials, the competition (always an unknown), and what programs are considering. Moreover, each application has an application fee, and takes time and effort to complete. Therefore, you should probably only apply to those programs that you feel you would be willing to attend. With all of the above in mind, good luck as you move forward with your applications!

Please note that the comments of Dr. Golding and the others who post on this blog express their own opinion and not that of the University of Kentucky.

Check out career possibilities for psychology majors at scoutiescareersinpsychology.org

Learn tips to succeed in college at beginnersguidetocollegesuccess.com

Jonathan Golding, Ph.D. , is a professor of psychology at the University of Kentucky. Anne Lippert, Ph.D. , is a post-doctoral fellow at the University of Kentucky.

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Psychology • February 6, 2024

Top 10 PsyD Jobs in Clinical Psychology

Over time, the psychology field has undergone considerable evolution, broadening the spectrum of career options available to individuals with a Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) degree .

This advanced degree, which often follows a master's degree in a related field, equips graduates with the skills and knowledge necessary for various roles in clinical psychology. It is a step further for doctoral students who have completed rigorous doctoral programs, allowing them to positively influence human behavior and mental health.

In this article, we will delve into the top 10 job opportunities for PsyD holders in clinical psychology while also addressing important questions about the value, earning potential, and current demand for various types of therapy in the United States.

The Modern Clinical Psychologist: Where Compassion Meets Expertise

Is a PsyD Worth It?

Pursuing a doctoral degree in a clinical psychology program is a significant commitment involving years of study. This path is often chosen by individuals passionate about the practical application of psychology in clinical settings. Unlike a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Psychology, which is research-focused, a PsyD program emphasizes professional practice, preparing PsyD students for direct patient care and psychological assessments.

Considering the investment of time and resources, the question arises: Is a PsyD worth it? The answer is often affirmative for those aspiring to become clinical psychologists or engage in other specialized areas of psychology. A PsyD opens doors to various career opportunities, from clinical practice to roles in mental health centers and private practices.

How Much Does a PsyD Earn in the USA?

Understanding the earning potential for those holding a Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) degree in the United States is crucial for anyone considering this career path. The salary of a PsyD graduate can vary widely depending on several factors such as geographical location, the specific field of psychology in which they work, years of experience, and the type of setting in which they practice.

Factors Influencing Salary

• Geographical Location : In regions with a higher cost of living, such as major metropolitan areas like New York City or San Francisco, PsyD holders often command higher salaries. Conversely, salaries may be lower in rural or less populated areas.
• Field of Specialization : Specialization within psychology can significantly impact earning potential. For instance, clinical psychologists working in private practice or specializing in niche areas like neuropsychology or forensic psychology may earn more than those in more general roles.
• Years of Experience : As with many professions, experience can influence earnings. Entry-level positions may offer lower salaries, but with years of practice and reputation building, PsyD holders can see significant increases in their income.
• Type of Practice : Those who own private practices or work in high-demand specialties may have higher earning potential compared to those employed in non-profit organizations or community health centers.

Average Salary Range

While it is challenging to pinpoint an exact salary due to these variables, data from sources like the American Psychological Association and salary surveys provide a general range. On average, PsyD holders in the United States can expect to earn anywhere from $60,000 to over $120,000 annually . This range accounts for different positions ranging from early career roles to more established professionals.

For instance, a newly graduated PsyD working in a community mental health center might start at the lower end of the scale, earning around $60,000. In contrast, a PsyD with several years of experience running a private practice in a major city might earn upwards of $100,000.

Potential for Growth

The earning potential can also grow with additional certifications, specialized training, or branching into consultancy roles. Clinical psychologists who publish research, become recognized experts in specific therapy methods, or hold academic positions may also see increased financial rewards.

Moreover, the demand for mental health services continues to grow, potentially leading to higher salaries and more opportunities for PsyD graduates. As awareness and acceptance of mental health issues increase, the need for qualified professionals in this field is likely to remain strong.

While pursuing a PsyD is a significant commitment, the potential for a rewarding and well-compensated career in psychology is considerable. The diversity of roles available to PsyD holders allows for flexibility and growth in terms of both professional development and financial compensation. For those passionate about making a difference in psychology, the investment in a PsyD degree can be a worthwhile endeavor.

Which are the top 10 PsyD jobs in Clinical Psychology?

Delving into the various PsyD jobs available in clinical psychology, this section will provide practical examples of each role. By examining these positions in detail, we aim to shed light on the everyday responsibilities and distinctive characteristics of these diverse career paths.

General Adult Clinical Psychologist

In this role, a psychologist might work in a mental health clinic providing therapy to adults dealing with anxiety and depression. For example, a PsyD holder could run cognitive-behavioral therapy sessions to help patients challenge negative thought patterns and develop coping strategies.

Child and Adolescent Clinical Psychologist

These psychologists specialize in treating children and teens . For instance, someone in this position could work in a school setting, helping students with ADHD improve their focus and manage impulsivity through behavioral interventions and collaboration with teachers and parents.

Geropsychologist

A geropsychologist may work in a senior living community, offering therapy to elderly residents struggling with grief, loneliness, or cognitive decline. This role often involves helping patients cope with the psychological aspects of aging and loss.

Clinical Health Psychologist

In a hospital, a clinical health psychologist focuses on patients coping with chronic illnesses, such as diabetes. They provide stress management techniques and assist patients in adhering to their medical regimens.

Clinical Neuropsychologist

A clinical neuropsychologist could work in a rehabilitation center assessing and treating patients with traumatic brain injuries. Their work involves conducting cognitive assessments and developing rehabilitation plans to help patients recover cognitive functions.

Substance Abuse Clinical Psychologist

A psychologist specializing in addiction might work in a rehab facility, conducting group and individual therapy sessions for individuals recovering from drug addiction. They employ techniques like motivational interviewing to help patients overcome substance dependency.

Forensic Clinical Psychologist

Forensic psychologists could be found in a correctional facility, evaluating inmates' mental health, providing therapy, and offering expert opinions in parole hearings or criminal cases.

Clinical Sports Psychologist

A sports psychologist could work with athletes facing performance anxiety. They might provide mental skills training to enhance focus and resilience, helping athletes cope with the pressures of competition.

Clinical Psychologist in Research and Academia

A clinical psychologist in academia could conduct research on the efficacy of new therapy techniques for PTSD. They also teach graduate-level courses, mentoring the next generation of clinical psychologists.

Community Mental Health Clinical Psychologist

Working in a community mental health center, a psychologist could provide accessible therapy to diverse populations. They might lead group therapy sessions for individuals with limited access to mental health resources, focusing on common issues like stress and relationship problems.

Each of these roles demonstrates the practical application of a PsyD in clinical psychology, highlighting the versatility of this degree and the significant impact clinical psychologists can have across various settings and populations.

What Type of Therapy is Most in Demand?

The demand for therapy types can vary widely, influenced by cultural trends, the availability of therapists trained in specific modalities, and the evolving understanding of mental health. Three prominent types of therapy—Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Psychodynamic Therapy, and Existential-Humanistic Therapy—each cater to different needs and preferences. Let us delve deeper into each of these therapies.

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy remains one of the most in-demand forms of therapy due to its practical, problem-solving approach and the significant body of research supporting its effectiveness. CBT is based on the concept that our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are interconnected and that changing negative thought patterns can lead to changes in feelings and behaviors.

This therapy is typically focused and goal-oriented, making it a popular choice for treating a range of issues, including anxiety, depression, phobias, and stress management.

CBT is often preferred for its structured nature and relatively short duration compared to other therapy forms. It equips clients with tangible skills and strategies to manage and alter unhelpful thinking patterns, providing them with tools they can use beyond the therapy sessions.

Psychodynamic Therapy

Psychodynamic Therapy offers a contrasting approach, focusing on the psychological roots of emotional suffering. Stemming from Freudian psychoanalysis, it seeks to bring unconscious thoughts and feelings to consciousness, helping individuals understand the origins of their psychological issues. This therapy is particularly effective for those dealing with complex emotional issues or personality disorders.

In psychodynamic therapy, therapists help clients explore their emotional conflicts, childhood experiences, and dreams, aiming to uncover patterns rooted in past experiences. It is a deeper, often longer-term form of therapy that can provide lasting insights and profound changes in emotional understanding and personal growth.

Existential-Humanistic Therapy

Existential-humanistic therapy addresses a different aspect of the human experience. This therapeutic approach focuses on the human condition as a whole, emphasizing concepts such as freedom, responsibility, meaning, and self-actualization.

Rooted in the works of existential philosophers and psychologists like Viktor Frankl and Carl Rogers, this therapy encourages clients to explore their lives in a holistic manner, confronting issues like mortality, freedom, and the search for meaning.

Unlike CBT and Psychodynamic Therapy, Existential-Humanistic Therapy is not problem-focused; instead, it is more about guiding individuals toward a greater understanding of their existence, choices, and potential. This form of therapy resonates with individuals seeking to explore deeper existential questions and those interested in personal development and self-fulfillment.

Each of these therapies offers unique perspectives and techniques, catering to the diverse needs of individuals seeking mental health support. The choice of therapy often depends on the individual's specific issues, preferences, and goals for therapy.

As awareness and understanding of mental health continue to evolve, the demand for varied therapeutic approaches will likely continue to grow, reflecting the multifaceted nature of human psychology.

Celebrating Success: The PsyD Journey Completed

The career paths available to PsyD graduates in psychology are diverse and fulfilling. Whether it is in a clinical setting, a school, or a corporate environment, PsyD jobs allow professionals to make a significant impact on the well-being of individuals and communities.

With the proper training and dedication, a career in clinical psychology can be both rewarding and impactful, making the pursuit of a PsyD a valuable endeavor for those passionate about understanding and improving mental health.

Meridian University encourages a deep exploration of the psyche's nature, especially for students pursuing careers in clinical psychology. Our PsyD Program is structured to provide the necessary tools to explore key concepts, preparing students for various PsyD jobs.

For those keen on delving deeper into the human psyche and exploring the diverse career paths in clinical psychology, we recommend reaching out to an Admission Advisor for more information about our specialized programs.

• American Psychological Association. (2021). Doctoral degrees in psychology: How are they different, or not so different?
• Hofmann, S. G., Asnaani, A., Vonk, I. J., Sawyer, A. T., & Fang, A. (2012). The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 36 (5), 427-440.
• Shedler, J. (2010). The efficacy of psychodynamic psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 65 (2), 98-109.
• Hoffman, L. (2019). Introduction to existential-humanistic psychology in a cross-cultural context. In L. Hoffman, M. Yang, F. J. Kaklauskas, A. Chan, & M. Mansilla (Eds.), Existential psychology East-West: Revised and expanded edition (pp. 1–72). University Professors Press.
• Payscale. (2021). Average Clinical Psychologist Salary .
• American Psychological Association. (2016). Geropsychology: it's your future
• American Psychological Association. (2008). Forensic Psychology
• American Psychological Association. (2008). Sport Psychology

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Top 10 tips for applying to clinical psychology Ph.D. programs

Participants of the second annual Diversifying Clinical Psychology Weekend gained skills for succeeding in graduate school.

Program offers pointers for prospective students

In an effort to help aspiring clinical psychology applicants from historically marginalized and underrepresented backgrounds feel better prepared to tackle the application process and succeed in graduate school, School of Social Ecology graduate students from the clinical psychology area hosted their second annual “Diversifying Clinical Psychology Weekend” event earlier this month. Co-sponsored by DECADE, the event included breaking down application requirements, discussing how to obtain relevant research experience, and sharing the experiences of current students to help aspiring applicants feel more confident in their own academic journeys. 

• Professionalism is key. Using professional email greetings, being punctual, demonstrating preparation, taking ownership and responsibility, and using critical thinking and problem solving skills goes a long way. 
• Get involved in research labs. Joining a research lab during undergraduate or post-bacc programs, or seeking full-time research assistant and research staff positions will help prepare you for graduate programs that place heavy emphasis on research. 
• Prepare an accurate and professionally-formatted CV. Keep formatting consistent, list things in reverse chronological order, use action words when describing your contributions to activities. 
• Personalize your Research Statements (also known as Statement of Purpose) for each program you apply to. Emphasize what draws you to each particular program, include faculty members you are interested in working with and why, and state how YOU can add value and contribute to the program.  
• Weave a narrative through your personal statement that goes beyond your CV. Avoid summarizing your CV. Tell a story that SHOWS the reader what lessons you have learned and your main takeaways from prior experiences that have led you to apply to their program. Relate your experiences through common themes, goals, and interests that may not be obvious to someone simply reading through your CV. 
• Incorporate your values, commitment to DEI, and who you are as a person in your Personal History Statement (also known as Diversity Statement). This is a great place to show parts of yourself, your background, and your experiences that don’t fit into other parts of the application. 
• Get feedback on your materials. Get feedback from friends, family, and colleagues on your essays. 
• Submit strong letters of recommendation. Letters of recommendation are a critical component of a well-rounded application. Be sure to request letters from writers with whom you have good relationships and believe will be able to write you a thorough and positive letter of recommendation. Don’t hesitate to ask potential letter writers if they would be able to write you a STRONG letter of recommendation. 
• Research your programs ahead of time to make sure they are a good fit for you. Just as schools are evaluating whether you will be a good fit for their program, you should take the time to do your research on whether programs you are applying to seem to be a good fit for your research interests, professional goals, and personal needs.
• Check out additional resources and information sessions:  https://tinyurl.com/ClinicalPhDInfoSessions  and  https://tinyurl.com/ClinicalPsychResourceSheet .

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Clinical Psychology Graduate Program Description

The Clinical Psychology Doctoral Program at Washington State University (WSU) is located at the WSU-Pullman campus. Pullman, WA is a rural community in southeastern Washington, 8 miles west of the Moscow, ID (University of Idaho), 80 miles south of Spokane, WA, and 290 miles southeast of Seattle, WA. There are approximately 17,000 undergraduate students and 2,000 graduate students at the Pullman campus. In addition to the main campus in Pullman, the Department of Psychology also has clinical faculty at three regional campuses located in Spokane, Tri-Cities (Richland, WA—approximately 150 miles southwest), and Vancouver, WA (approximately 360 miles southwest).

ACCREDITATION

The doctoral program in clinical psychology has been continually accredited since 1956 by the American Psychological Association Commission on Accreditation.

For information about our accreditation status, you can contact the Commission on Accreditation of the American Psychological Association , which can also be reached at:

Office of Program Consultation and Accreditation 750 First Street, NE Washington, DC 20002-4242 Phone: 202-336-5979 TDD/TTY: 202-336-6123 Fax: 202-336-5978 [email protected]

PROGRAM AIMS

The Clinical Psychology Program at Washington State University is based on the scientist-practitioner model of training. The Program is designed to integrate theory, research, and clinical practice in the training of students. Students are involved in research activities each semester in the Program and clinical practica beginning in the second year until the start of the 12-month internship. The aims of the program are to produce graduates who (a) have a broad knowledge of scientific psychology; (b) can provide evidence-based clinical services that are consistent with ethical and professional standards, including knowledge of and sensitivity to issues of diversity; and (c) are capable of contributing to current knowledge in clinical psychology.

To accomplish these aims we expect all students to achieve discipline specific knowledge in 1) the history and systems of psychology, 2) basic knowledge in scientific psychology, 3) integrative knowledge in scientific psychology, and 4) methods of inquiry and research; and to demonstrate profession-wide competencies in the areas of

• Ethical and legal standards
• Individual and cultural diversity
• Professional values, attitudes, and behaviors
• Communication and interpersonal skills
• Intervention
• Supervision
• Consultation and Interprofessional/interdisciplinary skills

Given that our graduates can potentially make contributions to clinical psychology in academic, research, medical, clinical, or community settings dependent on their interests and goals, the Program provides broad, general clinical training during the four to five years that students are at the University. Our program requires full-time commitment in pursuit of a Ph.D. and, therefore, we do not have a terminal Master’s degree program. Instead, Master’s degrees are awarded during work toward the Ph.D. The program offers both adult- and child-focused training with opportunities in Neuropsychology, Clinical Health Psychology, and Psychopathology. The program is successful in placing students in top internships nationwide. Clinical Program graduates are employed in a variety of professional settings including university and medical center faculty positions and independent practice.

RESEARCH TRAINING

Science is at the core of health service psychology, and the Clinical Program operates on the proposition that research training is an integral part of the education of clinical psychologists, relying on the most current evidence-base when training students. Although the program admits only persons who expect to receive a Ph.D., each student who enters at the bachelor’s degree level is expected to complete an empirical master’s project while in progress toward the doctoral dissertation. In addition to the master’s project and dissertation, clinical students are expected to be involved in research activity under the direction of a faculty member during each semester in residence. Clinical doctoral students present their research at scientific meetings as well as publish their research. These research endeavors are an important part of graduate training and professional development.

CLINICAL TRAINING

Assessment and psychotherapy with clients begins in the fall semester of the second year of graduate training and continues through the completion of the clinical internship. To provide broad clinical training for students, the Department of Psychology offers a variety of supervised clinical experiences working with diverse individuals who present with a spectrum of symptoms and conditions. The Psychology Clinic in the Department of Psychology is staffed by faculty and clinical graduate students and provides adult and child assessment, diagnostic, and psychotherapy services on a sliding scale to the University and surrounding communities. The University Counseling Services is staffed by clinical psychology graduate students, interns, and faculty psychologists, and provides ongoing counseling and emergency services to students. The Cougar Health Services provide assistance to students through the Behavioral Health unit, which is staffed by clinical graduate students, physicians, and a psychiatrist. Additional clinical externship opportunities are available to more advanced graduate students (e.g., Palouse Psychiatry and Behavioral Health; Marimn Health Center). Providing clinical doctoral students with all of these opportunities ensures that by the time they apply for internship in the final year of the program, each student has attained the requisite level of competency.

STUDENT SELECTION

The Clinical Psychology Graduate Program enrolls 6 to 8 students each year from approximately 180 applications. In choosing students for admission, we look for individuals whose interests match our training objectives and whose research interests match those of our faculty. The Clinical Psychology Graduate Program utilizes a mentorship model in the selection and training of students. The degree of fit between the applicant’s research interests and the research interests of their potential faculty mentor is an important consideration in admissions. Therefore, it is to your advantage to articulate clearly how your research interests coincide with the research interests of your potential mentor. The Student Admissions, Outcomes, and Other Data Section provides more specific information on the characteristics of students admitted to the program and their progress through the program.

STUDENT SUPPORT

All of our clinical graduate students are fully funded during their first year of study. This funding includes a tuition waiver; partial fee waiver; a half-time assistantship for the academic (9-month) year, which provides a monthly salary in exchange for 20 hours of work per week within the department, under the supervision of a faculty member, or in an instructional capacity; and basic health insurance for a 12-month period. In subsequent years, full support is provided contingent upon sufficient progress toward completion of the degree as judged by the Clinical faculty and continued availability of funding to the department. It is the policy of the department to attempt to provide complete support to students who are in good standing for four years of study. Graduate students in the department may be eligible for additional summer support as, for example, a summer session instructor or research assistant.

The clinical program also awards two fellowships to incoming graduate students, to supplement the assistantship stipend:

The Laura Asbell Graduate Fellowship, awarded to one incoming student, provides $2500 in summer funding for each of the first four years of training. The guidelines for awarding the fellowship state: “Recipients are to be chosen on the basis of commitment to the profession and to serving others, and not simply on the basis of scholarship achievement. Financial need should also be a consideration. Recipients are encouraged to return the benefit they receive through this scholarship, once their career is established, by contributing to the fund or the psychology program to help others enter the field or to make a difference through community service or the offer of counseling to those who otherwise could not afford it.

The Alan W. London Memorial Graduate Fellowship, awarded to at least one incoming student, provides $2500 in summer funding for the first year of training. The guidelines for awarding the fellowship state a “… strong preference for mature students, those individuals who have had significant life experiences before making the commitment to be a clinical psychologist. Recipients will be chosen on the basis of their qualities of intellectual curiosity, personal integrity, and dedication to serving others. Financial need will also be an important consideration.”

Students are invited to apply for the Asbell fellowship when they are invited to campus for interview day during February.

APPLYING TO OUR CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY PROGRAM

The various links (e.g., Clinical Psychology Program Faculty and Interests; Clinical Curriculum; Clinical Internship Outcomes; Diversity Interests of the Clinical Faculty; Clinical Practica) should answer many of your questions about the Program. I also encourage you to contact the individual clinical faculty if you have questions about their research. Please also feel free to contact me if you have additional questions about the Clinical Psychology Program.

Note to potential applicants: A previous felony conviction could prevent obtaining the predoctoral clinical internship required for a Ph. D. in clinical psychology, as well as future licensure as a psychologist. In addition, drug screenings and a background check may be required prior to the start of clinical practicum placements.

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Clinical PhD Program

For information regarding the online application and admissions process, please visit the UB Graduate School. 

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Admission Requirements and Process

The Department of Psychology at the University at Buffalo uses a holistic admissions process in our consideration of applications.  This means that we evaluate the entire application, rather than any single indicator or a few indicators. Thus, applicants are viewed as a whole person, the sum of their experiences, accomplishments, and aspirations. Consistent with this, we do not rely on or use “cut offs” for numerical indices of an academic record such as grade point average. A holistic approach also means that a candidate who may be less strong in some areas, can still have a highly competitive application by having greater strength in other areas. All elements of an application are taken into consideration, to maximize a good fit of the applicant with our training program and potential mentors, to reduce bias that can result from reliance on a limited number of components, and to reduce inequities in access to opportunities for graduate training. 

Over the years, we have learned that a holistic admissions process helps us identify applicants who are likely to succeed in our graduate programs, brings a diversity of experience and ideas into our academic community, and supports a fair review of all applicants. Our goal is to recruit the next generation of academic psychologists who are passionate about making new discoveries and generating new knowledge in their chosen discipline.  We expect students to bring hard work, professional ambition, resilience, grit, intellectual acumen, and enthusiasm to our graduate programs.

Although we value quantitative criteria like GPA, we take a broad view of academic excellence and recognize that indices of success in our graduate programs and professional achievement cannot be reduced to numbers alone. In short, we endeavor to balance quantitative and qualitative indices of success. Because we want to give students the greatest opportunity to thrive in our program, we place a strong emphasis on fit with our programs and potential faculty mentors. A highly qualified applicant may not be strongly considered if their interests and goals do not provide a good fit with the orientation of our training program or with faculty research interests. Accordingly, we consider the following components in our admissions decisions: personal statement, undergraduate transcript and GPA (and prior graduate record if applicable), letters of recommendation, and resume/research experience. Interviews are required for applicants to the Behavioral Neuroscience, Clinical, and Social-Personality doctoral programs, and our MA programs in General Psychology; interviews are not required for applicants to the Cognitive Psychology doctoral program. After initial review of applications, the selected applicants to program requiring an interview will be contacted by prospective advisors to set up an interview time.

Schomburg statements are optional for applicants to our doctoral programs interested in being considered for a Schomburg Fellowship. These statements are not used for admissions decisions.

Clinical PhD Program:

Components of the application and how they are used, personal statement (required).

Helps contextualize the more quantitative and objective credentials of an applicant.  The statement is used to evaluate the applicant’s goals and fit with the program and research interests of the faculty as well as how they would contribute to the diversity of thought and perspectives.

Prompt for Personal Statement (1000 words or less):

Describe the area of research you are interested in pursuing during your graduate studies and explain how our program would help you achieve your intellectual goals. The statement should include your academic background, intellectual interests and training or research experience that has prepared you for our program. The statement should also identify specific faculty members whose research interests align with your own interests.

Submitting Personal Statement:

Uploaded as part of the online application.

Transcript and GPA (required)

Provides evidence that the applicant is seeking challenging coursework, while excelling and showing academic growth. The University at Buffalo requires an undergraduate GPA of 3.0 or higher.  However, applications with an undergraduate GPA below 3.0 can still be considered, particularly when other components of the application are strong (e.g., a high graduate GPA, etc.). 

Submitting transcripts:

Upload scanned copies of all undergraduate and graduate transcripts as part of your online application.  Include the English translation, if applicable. 

Letters of recommendation (3 required):

Provides a third-party endorsement of the applicant’s attributes, ability to succeed in the graduate program, and potential to contribute to the field.  The letter offers a perspective on the applicant’s prior achievements and potential to succeed, along with concrete examples of the subjective traits described in other elements of the application.

Submitting Letters:

Letters must be submitted electronically. Further instructions are included in the online application.

Resume and research experience (required):

Provides information on how the applicant has practically applied ideas and concepts learned in the classroom. It helps show that applicants possess the skills and dispositions needed to conduct extensive research and make substantive contributions to their chosen field.

Submitting resume

Interviews are a way for programs to get to know applicants as a person.  They provide a qualitative means of: (a) contextualizing quantitative and objective credentials, and (b) evaluating how well an applicant’s goals and training needs fit with the program and potential mentors. In addition, the Clinical PhD program also uses the interview to evaluate suitability for clinical work.

Schomburg Statement (optional Applications to our doctoral program):

What is a schomburg fellowship.

A Schomburg Fellowship offers support for students in doctoral programs who can demonstrate that they would contribute to the diversity of the student body, especially those who can demonstrate that they have overcome a disadvantage or other impediment to success in higher education. In order to be eligible for the Schomburg Fellowship, you need to be either a U.S. Citizen or Permanent Resident and have a cumulative undergraduate GPA of 3.0 or above. 

Here is a link to more information about Schomburg Fellowships.

https://arts-sciences.buffalo.edu/current-students/funding-your-degree/graduate-awards-fellowships/schomburg-fellowship.html

The Schomburg statement provides useful information in helping the faculty decide whether to nominate an applicant for the Schomburg Fellowship.

Schomburg Statement:

If you would like to be considered for a Schomburg Fellowship, please  upload a written statement with your online application  (maximum of 500 words) describing how you will contribute to the diversity of the student body in your graduate program, including by having overcome a disadvantage or other impediment to success in higher education.  Please note that such categorical circumstances may include academic, vocational, social, physical or economic impediments or disadvantaged status you have been able to overcome, as evidenced by your performance as an undergraduate, or other characteristics that constitute categorical underrepresentation in your particular graduate program such as gender or racial/ethnic status.

Submitting a Schomburg statement:

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Take the first step toward making a positive impact in your community. At The University of Texas Tyler’s College of Education and Psychology, we give you the tools to become a caring, service-oriented professional in education, psychology or counseling.

Hands-on coursework teaches you the best practices for a clinic, classroom or other educational setting. Through our small class sizes, our renowned faculty support and mentor you throughout your studies. Round out your education through research opportunities, internships and practicums. By the time you graduate, you are ready to take your field’s respective licensure exam and embark on a career that enriches the lives of East Texans.

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Participate in faculty-led research projects as early as your freshman year. As a graduate student, you can help discover solutions to some of the most pressing challenges in the field through our five research centers.

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Make a Difference with a Master’s in Clinical Professional Counseling

• Healthcare and Science |

Mental health service providers are needed now more than ever to tackle our nation’s growing mental health crisis. The shortage of qualified professional helpers is calculated to extend into 2036, according to the Health Resources and Services Administration . According to the Bureau of Labor and Statistics , rates of substance abuse, behavioral disorder, and mental health counselor jobs are projected to grow 18 percent from 2022 to 2032, with an average of 42,000 jobs opening each year.

University of Maryland Global Campus (UMGC) has committed to filling this gap by introducing a new program: the Master of Science in Clinical Professional Counseling (MSCPC). This 60-credit program provides students with fundamental skills, knowledge, and competencies that support counseling licensure. UMGC’s first cohort will begin in fall 2024, and the program will be offered to Maryland residents for the 2024-2025 academic year with plans to expand in the future.

“The clinical professional counseling program at UMGC prioritizes practical and applied skills, equipping students with a diverse set of counseling techniques, emphasizing ethical and legal considerations, and providing training in psychological assessment and diagnosis,” says Phyllis Medina, PhD, program director for the MSCPC program. “The goal is to prepare graduates for licensure and successful practice as independent and effective counselors in various mental health settings.”

UMGC learners grow in their confidence and capabilities through 700 hours of supervised practicum and internship experiences. This gives students the opportunity to perform the work of a counselor under the guidance and supervision of an experienced practitioner.

What is the difference between a master’s degree in clinical professional counseling (MSCPC) and other psychology master’s degrees?

An MSCPC degree prepares students for careers as licensed professional counselors. MSCPC training extends beyond coursework to include supervised clinical fieldwork experiences. During practicum and internships, students apply their knowledge in real-world settings and practice their interviewing, case conceptualization, and therapy skills in an ethical, culturally informed, scientifically supported way under the direct supervision of a licensed professional.

While supervised, in-the-field practicum experiences set a master’s in clinical professional counseling program apart from non-clinical psychology master’s degrees, allowing MSCPC students to learn the fundamentals through focused coursework. Courses in the program emphasize current best practices in counseling theory, psychotherapy practice, assessment methods, cross-cultural and trauma-informed care, and ethical standards.

What careers could a master’s in clinical professional counseling help prepare you for?

With licensure, a master's in clinical professional counseling graduate is equipped for various careers. Licensed Clinical Professional Counselors (LCPCs) can establish private practices, provide therapy in mental health clinics, or take on leadership roles as clinic directors or clinical managers in healthcare settings.

Experienced LCPCs may become clinical supervisors, training the next generation of effective and ethical counselors. LCPCs can work as trauma therapists, forensic counselors, and military and veteran counselors. Additionally, LCPCs can work as Employee Assistance Program (EAP) counselors, offering short-term support to employees, or serve as community mental health counselors, addressing the mental health needs of diverse local populations.

The growing field of telehealth also opens opportunities for LCPCs to provide online counseling services, while those with specialized training in addiction can work as addiction counselors in rehabilitation centers or outpatient clinics dedicated to substance abuse treatment.

“Counseling provides a safe space for individuals to explore their emotions, behaviors, and thought patterns,” says Medina. “By offering fresh perspectives and understanding, counseling can lead to improved mood and better management of mental health conditions.”

Does a master’s in clinical professional counseling prepare you to become a therapist?

The master’s in clinical professional counseling program intentionally prepares students for careers as therapists.

“Overall, a master's in clinical professional counseling is a recognized and common pathway for individuals seeking to become licensed therapists,” says Medina. “At UMGC, this program equips students with the knowledge, skills, and practical training necessary to provide therapeutic interventions and support for individuals dealing with various mental health issues and life challenges."

Upon completing a master's in clinical professional counseling and fulfilling any additional state-specific licensing requirements, one can pursue licensure (e.g., Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor or similar titles, depending on the jurisdiction). With this licensure, graduates are qualified to work as therapists in various settings, including private practice, mental health clinics, hospitals, community agencies, school counseling, and other healthcare organizations.

Licensing requirements vary by state or country, so those interested in becoming therapists should familiarize themselves with the specific regulations and licensure processes in the location where they plan to practice.

What is the difference between clinical professional counseling and clinical psychology?

Both clinical professional counseling and clinical psychology center around supporting individuals with mental health concerns, but key differences exist in their focus, training, and scope.

“The distinction lies in the depth of training,” says Medina. “Clinical professional counselors specialize in applied counseling techniques, while clinical psychologists have a comprehensive understanding of psychological conditions and therapies.”

Clinical professional counselors focus their training on applied therapies that address a variety of psychological stressors and life events. Licensed counselors typically have master's degrees in counseling or related fields and provide therapy to individuals, couples, families, and groups. They focus on addressing mood and anxiety issues, personal growth, and relationship challenges using various therapeutic techniques.

In contrast, licensed clinical psychologists carry the protected title “psychologist,” have doctoral degrees in psychology, and are trained to diagnose and treat mental illness using a variety of personality and neuropsychological assessments and evidence-based interventions. Many psychologists have concentrated training in research and often specialize in subfields like forensic, health, or neuropsychology.

UMGC's new program is a master’s in clinical professional counseling, which emphasizes a practical, applied approach to mental healthcare. Graduates do not become psychologists upon licensure, rather licensed clinical professional counselors.

What current and future trends does the UMGC Master’s in Clinical Professional Counseling program prepare students for?

While pursuing a master's degree in clinical professional counseling, UMGC students are prepared for landscape-shifting industry trends, including:

• Telehealth and technology integration. The COVID-19 pandemic saw a huge shift in how professional counselors delivered their services – a trend that has only continued to grow. Technology innovations, like cognitive behavioral therapy “homework” apps, mindfulness reminders, and thought trackers are also on the rise. Those seeking licensure will need to be competent at providing counseling services remotely and incorporating technology into their practice.
• Assessment and treatment of trauma. The field of counseling is also expanding its definition and understanding of psychological trauma. In the MSCPC program, UMGC students will study trauma-informed care, recognize the impact of trauma on mental health, and learn evidence-based approaches to trauma treatment.
• Equity, diversity, and inclusion. Well-trained counselors understand that their clients exist in their own cultural context; and they recognize and make moves to correct mental health disparities that exist across the sociocultural spectrum. Our program acknowledges the importance of inclusive counseling practices, of addressing the unique needs of clients from diverse backgrounds, and of advocating for the needs of underrepresented groups.
• Mindfulness and holistic practices. While earning their counseling degree, students can also learn about evidence-based mindfulness practices and holistic techniques designed to help clients cultivate present-moment awareness, develop greater self-compassion, and enhance psychological resilience.
• Integrated healthcare delivery. As the field of mental health shifts towards an integrated and preventive approach, students can explore the collaborative nature of integrated behavioral health. Mental health professionals work alongside medical professionals, occupational and speech therapists, and psychologists to address both physical and mental health concerns.

Staying up to date with these industry trends enhances students' adaptability and positions them to provide effective, informed, and culturally sensitive counseling services.

“As the mental health field shifts towards an integrated and preventive approach, students can explore the collaborative nature of integrated behavioral health,” says Medina. “Mental health professionals work alongside medical professionals to address both physical and mental health concerns.”

With a master’s in clinical professional counseling , students can meet the growing need for trained mental health professionals ready to take on roles as licensed practitioners. Upon obtaining licensure, graduates are primed and ready to enter the world of professional helping, prepared to join the ranks of those willing to address our nation’s mental health crisis.

Reference on this webpage to any third-party entity or product does not constitute or imply endorsement by UMGC nor does it constitute or imply endorsement of UMGC by the third party. 

Learn More About the Master’s in Clinical Professional Counseling

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Sahnya S. Thom, PhD, serves as an Assistant Professor, teaching courses in both the Master of Science in Applied Industrial and Organizational Psychology (MSAIOP) program and the undergraduate psychology program. She holds a PhD in Industrial and Organizational Psychology and a Master's in Clinical Psychology. Dr. Thom expertly integrates both fields in her teaching, aiming to equip students with the leadership skills and readiness for their future careers while emphasizing the importance of self-care. Her research interests include Organizational Post-Traumatic Growth (OPTG), human-centered AI in the workplace, and sensory processing sensitivity in work environments. Dr. Thom is committed to engaging with students and nurturing their professional growth.

Psychology Licensure

Related topics:, on this page..., conditional prescribing certificate, laws & rules, apply online.

Create an account, apply, renew, and pay for your license online using our self-service portal.

How to apply for a psychology license, HSP certification, or provisional psychology license.

Psychologist, Permanent License

For new applicants never licensed in another state and those previously licensed in another state, not foreign-trained.

Psychologist, Health Service Provider

Provisional psychology license.

You can renew your license up to 60 days before your current license expires.

Renewal notifications will be emailed to your email address on file with the board at 60, 50, 40 and 30 days prior to the license expiration date. Renew your license early to avoid a late fee or lapse in licensure. All continuing education requirements must be completed pior to license renewal. 

Continuing Education

Licensees are responsible for meeting all continuing education requirements and should review the rules carefully and frequently. Review the rules for detailed information about continuing education definitions, requirements, standards, criteria and other important specific to this profession.

How to Select and Document Continuing Education

The licensing board does not pre-approve continuing education providers, sponsors or individual programs. It is the licensees’ responsibility to determine if the continuing education programs they attend meet the requirements of their professional licensing board.

A percentage of licensees are randomly audited following each license renewal cycle. If selected, the licensee must submit to the board office an individual certificate of completion issued to the licensee or evidence of successful completion of the course from the course sponsor. These documents must contain the course title, date(s), contact hours, sponsor and licensee's name. In some instances, licensees will be requested to provide to the board additional information, including program content, objectives, presenters, location and schedule. Many times an inclusive brochure meets this requirement.

When selecting continuing education programs, licensees need to make sure they are compliant with administrative rule requirements. Some professions require licensees to meet specific requirements as a condition of renewal.  These may include limits on presentation method (e.g. self-study, ICN, etc.), specific hours on ethics and Iowa law and rules, clinical content, or hours required in a specific practice discipline.

To ensure compliance, each licensee must understand the continuing education administrative rules for their profession prior to choosing and attending a particular program. No matter what a program brochure indicates, it is the responsibility of the licensee to ensure compliance with licensing requirements.

In summary all licensees should:

• Be familiar with the continuing education requirements of their professional boards.
• Obtain inclusive written materials about continuing education programs from program sponsors for post-renewal auditing purposes.
• Maintain certificates of completion that includes the program or course title, date(s), contact hours, sponsor and licensee's name for four years.

Extension or Exemption for Disability or Illness

A licensee who had a physical or mental disability or illness during the license period may apply for an extension or exemption. An exemption provides for an extension of time or exemption from some or all of the continuing education requirements. An applicant shall submit a completed application form approved by the board for an exemption.

• Application for Continuing Education Extension/Exemption for Disability or Illness

The application requires the signature of a licensed health care professional who can attest to the existence of a disability or illness during the license period.

If the application is from a license who is the primary caregiver for a relative who is ill or disabled and needs care from that primary caregiver, the physician shall verify the licensee's status as the primary caregiver.

A licensee who applies for an exemption shall be notified of the decision regarding the application. A licensee who obtains approval shall retain a copy of the exemption to be presented to the board upon request.

Guidelines for Continuing Education Sponsors

The licensing board does not pre-approve continuing education providers, sponsors or individual programs. It is the licensees’ responsibility to determine if the continuing education programs they attend meet the requirements of their professional licensure board.

Potential sponsors are responsible for independently determining if the programs they provide conform to the continuing education requirements set forth in the rules regulations of the professional boards.

To make this determination, thoroughly review the rules for the board(s) in which you are interested prior to offering continuing education to Iowa licensees. By providing inclusive information about the content, objectives and applicability of your program to professional practice, you will assist licensees to make informed decisions when selecting continuing education.

A percentage of licensees in every profession regulated by a licensing board are randomly selected following each license renewal cycle. For auditing purposes the licensee must submit to the board office an individual certificate of completion issued to the licensee or evidence of successful completion of the course from the course sponsor. These documents must contain the course title, date(s), contact hours, sponsor and licensee's name. In some instances, licensees will be requested to provide to the board additional information to assure compliance with continuing education requirements, including program content, objectives, presenters, location and schedule. For this reason, sponsors should provide these items to licensees in writing. An inclusive brochure may meet this requirement.

Additionally, sponsors should consider profession-specific requirements that licensees must address to assure compliance with continuing education rules when preparing written materials such as method of presentation (home study, ICN, etc.), inclusion of specific hours on ethics and Iowa law and rules, certification status by national associations or boards, clinical content, and hours required in a specific practice discipline.

In summary sponsors should:

• Be familiar with the continuing education requirements of their professional audiences.
• Provide inclusive written materials to all program participants.
• Notify licensees that materials should be retained for four years for auditing purposes.
• Provide a certificate of completion that includes the program or course title, date(s), contact hours, sponsor and licensee's name.
• Application for Conditional Prescribing Psychologist Certificate
• Training Director Instructions for Certification of Clinical and Practicum
• Training Director Certification for the Conditional Prescription Certificate
• Training Physician Certification Form for the Conditional Prescription Certificate

Laws.  Laws are contained in the Iowa Code. They are enacted by the Iowa Legislature and provide statutory authority to the professional licensure boards.

• Chapter 154B -- Psychology Board Law

Administrative rules. The professional licensure boards adopt rules to interpret and implement the Iowa Code. Administrative rules have the force and effect of law.

• Chapter 240 -- Licensure of Psychologists
• Chapter 241 -- Continuing Education for Psychologists
• Chapter 242 -- Discipline for Psychologists
• Chapter 243 -- Practice of Psychology
• Chapter 244 -- Prescribing Psychologists

Iowa Code & Administrative Rules for Licensing Boards

Laws common to licensing boards.

The following laws apply to professional licensure boards.

• Chapter 17A - Iowa Administrative Procedure Act
• Chapter 147 - General Provisions, Health-Related Professions
• Chapter 272C - Continuing Education and Regulation - Professional and Occupational

Iowa Administrative Codes Common to Licensing Boards

The following codes apply to professional licensing boards.

• Chapter 4 - Board Administrative Processes
• Chapter 6 - Petitions for Rule Making
• Chapter 7 - Agency Procedure for Rule Making
• Chapter 8 - Declaratory Orders
• Chapter 9 - Complaints and Investigations
• Chapter 10 - Public records and Fair Information Practices
• Chapter 11 - Contested Cases
• Chapter 12 - Informal Settlement
• Chapter 13 - Discipline
• Chapter 14 - Use of Criminal Convictions in Eligibility Determinations and Initial Licensing Decisions
• Chapter 16 - Impaired Practitioner Review Committee
• Chapter 17 - Materials for Board Review
• Chapter 18 - Waivers of Variances from Administrative Rules
• Chapter 19 - Licensure by Verification and of Applicants with Work Experience
• Chapter 20 - Military Service and Veteran Reciprocity

Rulemaking Notices

• Administrative Bulletin

Rulemaking notices, along with adopted rule changes, are published in the Iowa Administrative Bulletin. The preamble for each notice includes a summary of the proposed rule changes. The notice includes information about how to submit public comment when applicable. All comments are forwarded to the board for review prior to making a final decision on the outcome of rule change proposals.

Petition for Waiver

The process for seeking a waiver from an administrative rule and the standards under which the petition will be evaluated are described in Chapter 18.

• Petition for Waiver Form 
• Petition for Waiver Form PDF

This document is a list of some important practice references . This list includes sections of the Iowa Code, the APA Ethics Code, and regulations of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 

• Organized Health Service Training Program Confirmation Form
• Supervision Report
• Supervisor Registration
• Supervisor Confirmation Form for HS
• Psychology: Application for Provisional License (PDF Form) : Download this form to complete on your computer or other device.  You will need to print this application to sign it in ink prior to submitting.  Note : You will need to open this document in an application that is not a browser to complete the application electronically.
• Psychology: Application for Provisional License (PDF) : Print this document to complete the application in writing.

Iowa Practitioner Program

The Iowa Practitioner Program (IPP) is available to licensees across multiple licensing boards in Iowa. The Iowa Practitioner Review Committee (IPRC) reviews self-reports made by licensees to determine eligibility for participation. 

IPP was established in 1996 to support licensees who struggle with impairments due to alcohol or drug abuse, mental health conditions, and/or physical disorders. 

The IPRC designs an individualized health contract to meet the needs of the licensee. State law mandates that information in the possession of the IPRC remain confidential. Participation in the program is not a matter of public record.

" Impairment " means an inability to practice with reasonable safety and skill as a result of alcohol or drug abuse, dependency, or addiction, or any mental or physical disorder or disability.

" Self-report " means the licensee providing written or oral notifications to the board that the licensee has received or may receive a diagnosis as having an impairment before the board's receiving a complaint or report alleging an impairment before the date of self-report.

Criteria for Participation in IPP

The IPRC determines whether practitioners are eligible to participate in the program monitored by the committee. A person is ineligible to take part in the program for any of the following reasons:

• The practitioner engaged in the unlawful diversion or distribution of controlled illegal substances to a third party, or for personal gain or profit;
• The practitioner is already under a board order;
• The practitioner has caused harm or injury to a patient;
• The board is investigating the practitioner that concerns serious matters related to the practitioner's competence;
• The practitioner failed to provide truthful information or refused to cooperate with the board or the IPRC; or
• The practitioner has been subject to a civil administrative or criminal sanction for serious infractions of law, professional ethics, or administrative rules related to the practice.

The Health Contract

Based upon the recommendation of an approved evaluator, the IPRC creates an individualized health contract, which provides a detailed description of the goals of the program, requirements for successful completion, and the practitioner's obligations.

Note: The IPRC may refer to the board participants who are not compliant with the terms of their contract for consideration of disciplinary action.

IPRC Composition

The chairperson of the board appoints the members of the IPRC. The IPRC includes, but is not limited to, the following:

• Executive Director of the board or the director's designee from the board's staff;
• A practitioner who has remained free of addiction for two or more years after completing a recovery program for drug or alcohol dependency, addiction, or abuse;
• A physician/counselor with expertise in substance abuse/addiction treatment programs;
• A psychiatrist or psychologist; and
• A public member.

Why Use IPP?

The program encourages practitioners who have impairments to get the help they need. All information received by IPP and IPRC remains confidential as long as the practitioner complies with the terms of their agreement or health contract.

By self-reporting to IPP, the practitioner may avoid formal disciplinary action by the licensing Board. Formal disciplinary action taken against a practitioner is a matter of public record. The board reports the action to the press, the National Practitioners Data Bank (NPDB), insurance companies, and to other state and federal authorities. Participation in the program is confidential.

Health care practitioners must report knowledge of another practitioner's possible impairment to the board. Health care practitioners who fail to report colleagues with a possible impairment may be subject to disciplinary action by the board. It is in the practitioner's best interest to self-report an impairment before someone else files complaint or report.

When Should Someone Self-Report to IPP?

If any of the following apply to a practitioner, it is in that person's best interest to self-report to IPP as soon as possible:

• Charged with, and/or arrested for OWI, or for another alcohol or drug related offense;
• Disciplined by another federal or state agency for alcohol or drug abuse;
• Evaluated or treated for a substance use disorder, or is currently enrolled in a recovery program;
• Diagnosed with a mental health condition and/or a physical health condition;
• Practiced after drinking alcohol or taking an illegal or mind/mood altering substance;
• Addiction/dependence on drugs, alcohol or prescription medication; and/or
• Urged by friend(s), family or colleagues to get help for alcohol or drug abuse, or a mental or physical condtion.

How to Submit a Self-Report to IPP

To self-report, a licensee may:

• Complete and submit a self-report form online ;
• Dental Board Licensees/Registrants :  [email protected] ; or
• Licensees of other Boards : [email protected]
• Dental Board Licensees/Registrants:   515.725.3491  or 
• Licensees of other Boards : 515.725.1221 .

IPP Online Forms

IPP Self-Report

Quarterly Report: IPP Participant

About the Board of Psychology

We evaluate the qualifications of applicants for licensure and grants licenses to those who qualify.

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