ofw interview essay tagalog

Overseas Filipino Workers: The Modern-Day Heroes of the Philippines

Bayani is the Tagalog term for “hero.” In the Philippines, a bayani is someone who is courageous, humble, and selfless. They pursue causes that are greater than themselves, such as those impacting a community, a nation, or the environment. Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) is a term referring to Filipino migrant workers, individuals who have left their homes to work abroad and provide comfortable lives for their families. Referring to these workers, former President Corazon Aquino coined the phrase ‘Bagong-Bayani’ in 1988. OFWs are the country’s modern-day heroes because they not only boost the Philippines’ economy through remittances but are figures of resilience. OFWs endure homesickness, personal sacrifices, and horrible working conditions in order to support their families back home.

By the Numbers

The Philippine Statistic Authority estimates that about 1.83 million OFWs worked abroad from April to September 2021. The same data reveal that about “four in every ten” OFWs work low-status or ‘ elementary ’ jobs, such as street vendors, construction and factory workers, cleaners, domestic helpers, and agriculture laborers. A majority of OFWs work in Asia, specifically Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Hong Kong, Kuwait, Singapore, and Qatar.

Because of their major contribution to the growth and development of the Philippine economy, OFWs are revered as the nation's economic heroes. According to data released by the Central Bank of the Philippines, remittances from OFWs reached a record high in December of last year: from the previous all-time high of US$34.88 billion, it rose by 3.6 percent to a record high US$36.14 billion in 2022.

“OFW remittances, at new record highs on a monthly basis, are a bright spot for the Philippine economy in terms of spurring consumer spending, which accounts for at least 75 percent of the economy, and in turn, support faster economic growth,” Rizal Commercial Banking Corp. Chief economist Michael Ricafort said .

Furthermore, most OFWs are Filipina women. The numbers clearly show that women dominate the workforce, accounting for approximately 60 percent of OFWs. According to data from the Overseas Workers Welfare Administration, at least 18,002, or 75.05 percent of the 23,986 cases of abuse and other incidents involving workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council that were reported last year included female OFWs. On the other hand, male OFWs were involved in only 5,984 cases, or 24.95 percent of all cases.

These women are disproportionately more likely to suffer from terrible working conditions, as they are often subjected to abuse, excessive work, little pay, rape, or worse, being killed by their foreign employers. The International Labour Office published a working paper titled Philippines: Good Practices for the Protection of Filipino Women Migrant Workers in Vulnerable Jobs explaining that “Gender-based discrimination intersects with discrimination based on other forms of  ‘otherness’ – such as non-national status, race, ethnicity, religion, economic status – placing women migrants in situations of double, triple or even fourfold discrimination, disadvantage or vulnerability to exploitation and abuse.”

In 2020, there were 23,714 documented cases of contract violations involving the maltreatment of OFWs, according to data provided by the Philippine Overseas Labor Offices, and approximately 5,000 of these cases were reported from Middle Eastern countries. According to the Philippine Information Agency, Filipina women who work in the Middle East are subjected to the “ kafala ” system, which ties foreign workers to their employers. Under this framework, employers could easily lock domestic workers inside their houses and seize their phones, passports, and visas until the expiration of their contracts.

The Human Rights Watch (HRW) published a comprehensive report titled “ ‘I Already Bought You’ Abuse and Exploitation of Female Migrant Domestic Workers in the United Arab Emirates,” which explains real-world examples of how the UAE’s kafala system of visa sponsorship binds migrant employees to their employers and how the exclusion of domestic workers from labor law protections exposes them to abuse.

The report included interviews with 99 female domestic workers in the UAE between November and December 2013. 22 of the 99 domestic helpers questioned by HRW claimed to have experienced physical abuse at the hands of their sponsors.

“They slap me in the face and kick me. They have a stick for you. If I make a small mistake they would hit parts of my body—back legs, back, and head. Sir would slap or punch me in the face. If they come back from the mall and I am not finished they would beat me,” Shelly A., a 30-year-old Filipina worker said. “They would say, ‘If you had done work then we won’t hit you.’ ”

Injustices in Kuwait

Currently, there are over 268,000 OFWs who live and work in Kuwait with 88 percent of them working as domestic helpers and 73 percent of them being female. According to the Philippine Department of Migrant Workers (DMW), there were over 24,000 cases of abuse and violation against OFWs in 2022—a significant rise from 6,500 in 2016.

It is a significant sacrifice to work abroad. Being physically and emotionally thousands of miles away from one’s family for an indefinite period is challenging, isolating, and suffocating. Rowena, a 54-year-old Filipina worker in Bahrain found herself feeling “trapped” due to canceled flights to the Philippines because of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as being underpaid by her employer. “I don’t want to make trouble. I want to go home,” Rowena said .

Beyond this, many OFWs also work abroad without knowledge of the future or the dangers they may encounter in a foreign country. Even worse, a harsh truth of working abroad is that a number of OFWs return home as dead bodies.

In January of 2023, Jullebee Ranara , a Filipina domestic helper living in Kuwait, confided in her family over the phone that she was terrified of her employer's 17-year-old son. The 35-year-old appeared to have vanished by the next day, which prompted her friends in the Gulf state to share their worries about her disappearance on social media.

Less than 24 hours later, on Jan. 21, 2023, her body was found dead, with burnt remains and a smashed skull found beside a desert near Al-Salmi Road.

Ranara was discovered to be pregnant after an autopsy, and DNA samples taken from the unborn child were confirmed to match the accused, who is the 17-year-old son of Ranara’s boss. After being apprehended, the 17-year-old perpetrator confessed to his crime.

Since 2018, there have been at least four murders of OFWs in Kuwait that have garnered national attention, including the case of 29-year-old Joanna Demafelis , whose body was kept secret in a freezer in an abandoned apartment for nearly two years. Her employers, a Syrian and a Lebanese couple, received death sentences for the murder of the victim.

In 2019, 47-year-old Constancia Lago Dayag was discovered dead after being sexually abused and beaten to death by her boss. The same year, 26-year-old Jeanelyn Villavende passed away from serious injuries inflicted by her boss, who was ultimately given a death sentence for the murder.

“These are only the high-profile ones,” Migrante International chairperson Joanna Concepcion told VICE World News. “There are other cases that are not visible. The public is not made aware of the real gravity of the rampant abuses faced by Filipino domestic helpers in Kuwait.”

Actions taken by the Philippine Government

A week after the discovery of Jullebee’s body, her remains were returned to her grieving family in Las Piñas, Philippines. Without delay, Philippine President Ferdinand “Bongbong” Marcos Jr. attended Jullebee’s wake and promised to provide the deceased’s family with all aid possible.

“I just wanted to offer my sympathies to the family and to assure them that all the assistance that they might need for the family and for whatever else, that is my promise to them,” Marcos Jr. remarked . “Their child made that sacrifice to work abroad because she has dreams for her family here.”

Recently, the DMW issued a deployment ban on new and aspiring OFWs in Kuwait, following the increasing reports of work mistreatment, including the horrific murder of Ranara.

“In order to strengthen the protection of the rights of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) in Kuwait, particularly workers who are most vulnerable to abuse and exploitation, action on the applications of first-time agency-hire domestic workers bound for Kuwait is temporarily deferred effective immediately,” the DMWs said in a statement on Feb. 8, 2023.

Senator and Committee on Migrant Workers Chairperson Raffy Tulfo proposed a total deployment ban in Kuwait. “We can enter into bilateral agreements but our terms should be clear and unequivocal. If there are violators to such agreements, we have to prioritize the welfare of our overseas Filipino workers and act at the soonest possible time. Make these violators accountable and liable without concession and pursuant to our laws and international conventions,” Tulfo said in a senate inquiry.

The DMW was also tasked with working with the Department of Foreign Affairs to communicate to the Kuwaiti government the "sentiments and concerns" of the Filipino people regarding all recurrent incidents of physical and financial abuse, failure to pay monetary benefits, as well as murder committed against OFWs after the deployment ban went into effect.

The deployment ban was not well received by migrant advocacy groups, who claimed it would not provide a permanent solution to the issues surrounding labor migration. They claimed that placing bans for an extended period of time would encourage OFWs to turn to illicit means and consequently put themselves at risk for human trafficking in their desperation to find jobs abroad.

“What about the already-deployed Filipinos? Are there any steps being taken to protect them and make sure they do not suffer the same fate as Julleebee and the others?” Concepcion said to Maritime Fairtrade News. “These problems cannot be resolved with a deployment ban. The Philippine government has imposed bans many times before, but lifted them soon after when the particular cases of abuse or murder had been resolved by the courts and the perpetrators punished by death penalty or long-term imprisonment. When the deployment restarts, the abuses also start all over again.”

Much Needed Reform

OFWs often serve as the backbone of their families back home. Based on the results of a survey published by the Social Weather Stations , they found that 7 percent of Filipino households have an OFW who helps support the family. In addition, seventy-five percent of households frequently receive money from their OFW family members.

It would be difficult and inconsiderate to discourage or ban OFWs from going abroad for work. To promote a better quality of life for OFWs, the Philippine government must enact concrete policies aimed at protecting the welfare of Filipino workers. Advocacy groups, such as Migrante International are urging for reforms, including the abolition of the kafala system, which has resulted in complete employer control over domestic workers and OFWs.

For Concepcion, the country’s over-reliance on OFWs remittances is equivalent to the perpetuation of the violation and murder of Filipino workers. She believes that a viable solution to this issue involves ending the government’s labor export program and creating decent jobs domestically through meaningful land reform and national industrialization.

“The government’s determination to continue its labor export policy is totally misguided. What it should do is implement immediate measures to protect our domestic workers and OFWs abroad and long-term measures to generate decent jobs in the Philippines,” Concepcion said . “We need to end the government’s Labor Export Program and instead ensure that more jobs are created at home. Filipinos won’t have to leave the country and their families to risk their lives abroad if they have gainful and secure employment here.”

It is clear that OFWs live up to the definition of a bayani and are now considered heroes of the Philippines. However, under the shiny title of ‘bagong bayani’ lies a dark and unfortunate reality. Numerous Filipino workers suffer from various injustices including being overworked, underpaid, abused, raped, and even worse, murdered. The only way OFWs can truly be safeguarded is if the Philippine government enforces concrete and actionable policies. With this, OFWs could avoid the potential death sentence of working abroad and have the chance to be treated as they deserve to be: as modern-day heroes.

Laurinne Jamie Eugenio

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Understanding the OFW Phenomenon: A Closer Look at Overseas Filipino Workers

• by Amiel Pineda
• January 1, 2024 January 1, 2024

Have you ever considered the Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) as modern-day heroes?

Much like the resilient bamboo tree that sways with the winds but does not break, OFWs endure the challenges of working in foreign lands to support their families back home.

But beyond this metaphor lies a complex web of cultural, economic, and social dynamics that shape the OFW phenomenon.

From the reasons driving Filipinos to seek employment overseas to the impact of their absence on their loved ones, delving into this topic unveils a deeper understanding of the sacrifices and contributions of OFWs.

Key Takeaways

• OFWs play a crucial role in the economy and are considered heroes for their contributions.
• Challenges faced by OFWs include financial struggles, exploitative working conditions, and family separation issues.
• Legal and cultural barriers, such as restrictive immigration policies and discrimination, affect OFWs' experiences abroad.
• The government has established policies and agencies, like the POEA, to protect and support OFWs, but further oversight is needed.

Historical Overview of OFWs

During the Marcos years and continuing into the Cory Aquino administration, the phenomenon of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) began to take shape, shaping a significant aspect of the Filipino cultural and economic landscape.

The term 'Overseas Filipino Workers' was coined to portray them as heroes, highlighting their crucial role in the country's economy.

The government's creation of the POEA (Philippine Overseas Employment Administration) to manage foreign labor migration was a pivotal development during this time .

Unlike the brain drain that existed previously, the OFW phenomenon differed in that most OFWs had fixed contracts and had to return to the Philippines .

Furthermore, the increase in the number of OFWs also contributed to the growth of remittances to the country, impacting not only the economy but also the social fabric of Filipino society.

This historical overview sheds light on the transformative impact of the OFW phenomenon.

Reasons for Working Abroad

The historical evolution of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) during the Marcos and Aquino administrations has led to a complex interplay of economic needs, cultural dynamics, and social implications that drive Filipinos to seek employment abroad.

The reasons for working abroad are varied and compelling:

• Economic Opportunities : Industries like shipping and construction abroad provide better-paying jobs than what's available domestically.
• Government Response : The establishment of the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA) reflects the need to manage foreign labor migration.
• Temporary Solution : Overseas employment was initially seen as a temporary solution to the limited domestic job market.
• Financial Support : Remittances from OFWs sustain the consumption expenses of families left behind and contribute significantly to the nation's balance of payments.

These factors underscore the complex motivations and impact of working abroad for Filipinos.

Challenges Faced by OFWs

Working abroad as an OFW comes with its fair share of challenges. Financial struggles can be daunting, as you navigate through a different economic landscape.

Additionally, the separation from your family and the legal and cultural barriers you encounter can take a toll on your emotional well-being.

Financial Struggles Abroad

Amidst the challenges faced by Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs), navigating financial struggles abroad becomes a daunting and complex task.

The realities of low wages, high living expenses, and volatile currency exchange rates create a precarious financial environment.

OFWs often encounter exploitative working conditions, excessive fees, and a lack of legal protection in their host countries, exacerbating their financial hardships.

Balancing the responsibility of supporting families back home while meeting their own financial needs adds another layer of complexity.

Furthermore, financial mismanagement, lack of financial literacy, and limited investment opportunities hinder OFWs' ability to secure their financial future.

The economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has further intensified these challenges, resulting in job losses and income instability for many OFWs.

Family Separation Issues

Navigating life as an Overseas Filipino Worker brings about the significant challenge of enduring prolonged separation from your loved ones. The absence of family support and connections often leads to homesickness and emotional distress.

For OFW families, the absence of parental guidance can impact the well-being of children, who miss out on emotional support and care. Additionally, the physical distance from families can make overseas workers vulnerable to exploitation and abuse.

The financial responsibility of supporting families while being physically separated can also lead to stress and mental health issues. These family separation issues highlight the emotional and psychological toll that OFWs and their families endure, emphasizing the need for support systems and resources to help them navigate the complexities of being apart while striving to provide for their loved ones.

Legal and Cultural Barriers

Encountering legal and cultural barriers in host countries presents significant challenges for Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs), affecting their adaptation to new customs and work environments.

• Restrictive immigration policies and limited legal protection hinder the mobility and security of OFWs.
• Cultural differences and language barriers create obstacles in integrating into the host country's society and workplace.
• Discrimination and unequal treatment in the workplace adversely impact the well-being and work experience of OFWs.
• Limited access to legal assistance and support exposes OFWs to vulnerability, increasing the risk of exploitation and abuse.

These challenges often stem from the differences in labor export policies and cultural norms between the Philippines and the host countries, making it crucial for OFWs to navigate these barriers while striving for a sense of belonging and security.

Economic Contributions of OFWs

The economic contributions of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) play a vital role in bolstering the Philippines' Gross National Income (GNI) and enhancing the nation's overall productivity.

The remittances from OFWs significantly contribute to the country's GNI, providing additional income to the nation's productivity. The increase in the number of OFWs has led to a steady growth in remittances, contributing to the nation's balance of payments and improving macro-fundamentals.

The Philippine Overseas Employment Administration has been instrumental in regulating and facilitating overseas employment, making it a crucial aspect of the nation's income and productivity.

Moreover, the opening up of the economy to foreign investors can create more job opportunities for Filipinos, leading to a more prosperous future for the Philippines .

The economic contributions of OFWs have a profound impact on the nation's economic landscape, reflecting the resilience and hard work of the Filipino workforce.

Impact on Families Left Behind

The separation caused by working abroad as an OFW impacts the emotional and social fabric of families left behind in the Philippines. This impact is complex and multi-faceted.

• The absence of a parent or spouse can lead to emotional strain and feelings of loneliness, especially during important family milestones and celebrations.
• The financial support from OFWs sustains the basic needs and expenses of the family, providing a better quality of life and access to education and healthcare.
• However, this absence can also lead to challenges such as absentee parenting, communication gaps, and a sense of disconnection within the family unit.
• Despite these challenges, the remittances sent home by OFWs contribute significantly to the overall economic stability and growth of the Philippines, creating a larger and more prosperous home community crucial for nation-building.

Government Policies and Agencies

Amidst the complexities surrounding the impact of overseas Filipino workers on their families left behind, the Philippine government has established crucial policies and agencies to oversee and regulate labor migration. The Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA) plays a vital role in managing foreign labor migration, ensuring the welfare of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs). Additionally, the government has recognized the need for further oversight, leading to the creation of the Department of Migrant Workers, which is set to be operational by 2023. Despite the government's claim of not maintaining a labor export policy, agencies like POEA supervise labor recruitment and deployment agencies. This is essential to protect OFWs from mental health concerns, discrimination, and abusive workplaces. The establishment of these policies and agencies reflects the government's commitment to addressing the challenges faced by OFWs and ensuring their well-being.

Health and Well-being of OFWs

To understand the challenges and experiences of overseas Filipino workers (OFWs), it's important to delve into the intricate dynamics of their health and well-being while living and working abroad.

The health and well-being of OFWs are profoundly impacted by various factors such as the stress of separation from family, exposure to unsafe workplaces, and mental health concerns. Here's what affects their health and well-being:

• Stress of Living Abroad : OFWs often face the stress of adapting to a new culture and environment, which can take a toll on their mental and emotional well-being.
• Separation from Family : Being away from their loved ones can lead to feelings of loneliness, homesickness, and emotional distress.
• Unsafe Workplaces : Many OFWs work in environments where they may be exposed to hazardous conditions, affecting their physical health.
• Mental Health Concerns : Depression and workplace discrimination are prevalent among Filipino migrant workers, especially women, posing significant challenges to their overall well-being.

Frequently Asked Questions

What have you understood about the overseas filipino workers.

You understand the overseas Filipino workers' significant impact on the country's economy and society. Their remittances contribute to the nation's balance of payments, while their cultural integration and social support are vital for their well-being.

Has the OFW Phenomenon Impact on the Philippines Been Generally Positive?

Yes, the OFW phenomenon has had a generally positive impact on the Philippines. Their economic contribution through remittances sustains consumption and improves the nation's balance of payments, benefiting the overall economy.

What Are the Challenges Faced by Overseas Filipino Workers?

Living as an OFW, you face financial struggles due to high placement fees and unfair salary deductions. Additionally, cultural adjustment can be challenging, with language and integration barriers posing difficulties in foreign countries where you work.

Why Are There so Many Filipino Overseas Workers?

You're wondering why there are so many Filipino overseas workers. They go abroad for reasons like better economic opportunities and to support their families. This has economic and social implications for both the Philippines and the host countries.

You now have a deeper understanding of the OFW phenomenon, including its historical background, reasons for migration, economic contributions, and impact on families.

The challenges faced by OFWs and the policies and agencies in place to support them have also been highlighted.

By recognizing the sacrifices and contributions of OFWs, we can work towards improving their health and well-being, and addressing the issues they face while working abroad.

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The Lived Experience of Former Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW) Returning to Their Home

2023, Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal

This study about former Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) would likely focus on the challenges and experiences that they face upon returning to the Philippines after working abroad. Many OFWs leave the country in search of better job opportunities and higher wages, but their time abroad is often marked by separation from their families and adjustment to new cultures. They may also struggle with feelings of isolation and depression, as well as financial challenges. Despite these challenges, many former OFWs are being resilient and resourceful, using their experiences abroad and small savings to build small businesses and also receives support from the government of their home country. This study generated four themes namely: 1. For the Future, 2. Challenges, 3. Motivation, and 4. Coping Strategies.

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Background: Some businesses, compared to million-dollar enterprises, fail to make an impact. As a result, some entrepreneurs resort to closing their businesses. To excel in their professions, they need to cope with business losses. Method: This paper used a phenomenological design to understand the participants lived experiences, particularly Filipino migrant workers who have experienced business loss, relative to the central question, How do Filipino professionals cope with business loss? Findings: Filipinos displaying entrepreneurial characteristics (business mindedness, profit orientation, future planning) have desires to raise enterprises. However, entrepreneurial trials (e.g. management issues, competition issues, financial burdens) will be faced, which result in business losses. They coped with losses through entrepreneurial solutions, specifically career motivation and family motivation. Conclusion: Maintaining an enterpriseis never easy as it requires sacrifices, time, and e...

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The Ultimate Guide to Becoming an Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW): Step-by-Step Process

Table of Contents

Introduction.

The Philippines is known for its rich human resource, with millions of skilled and talented individuals seeking opportunities abroad to provide a better life for their families back home. The remittances sent by Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) contribute significantly to the Philippine economy, making them an essential part of the country’s growth and development.

The Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA) is the government agency responsible for managing the overseas employment program of the Philippines. It is tasked with promoting and regulating the deployment of Filipino workers to foreign countries, ensuring their protection and welfare, and maintaining a comprehensive database of OFWs.

Becoming an OFW is a life-changing decision that requires thorough research, planning, and preparation. This comprehensive step-by-step guide will help you navigate the complex process of becoming an OFW, from researching and choosing your desired job to arriving in your host country and settling into your new life. By following this guide, you can confidently embark on a rewarding career overseas, contribute to the well-being of your family, and make a positive impact on the Philippine economy.

FREE! Download a copy of this checklist in Google Docs

Step 1: Research and Choose Your Desired Job

A. identify the type of job you want to apply for, considering your skills, qualifications, and interests.

• Assess your skills: Make a list of your skills, including technical, soft, and language skills. Reflect on your work experience and the expertise you have gained over the years.
• Determine your qualifications: Review your educational background and any additional certifications or licenses you have obtained.
• Consider your interests: Think about your passions and how they align with your skills and qualifications. This will help ensure job satisfaction and increase your chances of success abroad.

B. Research the demand for your chosen profession in various countries

• Explore labor market trends: Look for information on in-demand jobs and industries in your target countries. Websites of labor departments, embassies, or consulates of these countries are good starting points.
• Investigate salary and benefits: Research the average salary and benefits for your chosen profession in different countries. This will help you make informed decisions about where to apply and negotiate your contract.
• Learn about living conditions: Compare the cost of living, quality of life, and cultural aspects of your target countries to make sure you can adapt and thrive in your new environment.

C. Look for reputable recruitment agencies or job postings

• Visit the POEA website : The POEA is a reliable source for legitimate job postings and licensed recruitment agencies. Browse through their job postings and list of accredited agencies to find suitable opportunities.
• Use other job portals: In addition to the POEA website, explore other reputable job portals, such as JobStreet, WorkAbroad.ph, and Kalibrr. These platforms often provide extensive job listings and resources for aspiring OFWs.
• Network with OFWs: Reach out to friends, family, or acquaintances who are currently working abroad or have previous experience as OFWs. They can provide valuable insights and may even refer you to potential employers or job openings.
• Verify recruitment agencies: Before applying through a recruitment agency, verify its legitimacy by checking its license with the POEA. Be cautious of agencies that charge excessive fees or make unrealistic promises to secure a job.

Step 2: Gather Necessary Documents

A. obtain a valid philippine passport.

• Visit the Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) website ( www.passport.gov.ph ) to schedule an appointment and download the passport application form.
• Prepare the necessary requirements, including your NSO/PSA-authenticated birth certificate, valid government-issued ID, and recent passport-sized photos.
• Attend your scheduled appointment at the DFA office and submit your application form along with the required documents.
• Pay the passport processing fee and wait for the release of your new passport.

B. Secure your NBI (National Bureau of Investigation) clearance

• Register online at the NBI Clearance website and schedule an appointment.
• Prepare the necessary requirements, such as your valid government-issued ID and a recent 2×2 photo with a white background.
• Go to your chosen NBI clearance center on your appointment date and submit your requirements.
• Pay the clearance processing fee, undergo fingerprint scanning, and wait for the release of your NBI clearance.

C. Obtain your academic records, such as diplomas and transcripts of records

• Contact your school or university’s registrar office and request copies of your diploma and transcript of records.
• If required, have your documents authenticated by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED), Department of Education (DepEd), or Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), depending on your educational level.
• Secure a Certificate of Authentication and Verification (CAV) if necessary.

Read next: Top 10 Destinations for Remarkable & Inspiring Filipino OFWs

D. Prepare your professional documents, including your PRC (Professional Regulation Commission) license, if applicable

• Obtain a certified true copy of your PRC license from the PRC office or its regional branches.
• If required, have your professional documents authenticated by the Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) or the PRC.

E. Acquire employment certificates and other relevant documents

• Request employment certificates from your previous employers, which should indicate your job title, responsibilities, and duration of employment.
• Obtain additional documents that may be required by your potential employer, such as certificates of training, seminars, or workshops you have attended.
• Have your documents translated into the language of your target country if necessary, and obtain authentication or apostille from the Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA).

Step 3: Apply for a Job

A. submit your application to the chosen recruitment agency or directly to the employer.

• Prepare your application documents, including an updated resume, cover letter, and copies of relevant certifications, licenses, and other supporting documents.
• Tailor your resume and cover letter to highlight your skills, experiences, and qualifications that are most relevant to the job you are applying for.
• If applying through a recruitment agency, submit your application documents to the agency and follow their application process. Keep in mind that the POEA requires agencies to provide their services free of charge to applicants.
• If applying directly to the employer, follow their preferred application method, which may involve submitting your documents via email, online application forms, or job portals.

B. Attend interviews, exams, or other assessments required by the employer

• Prepare for interviews by researching the company and your target job, practicing common interview questions, and reviewing your experiences and qualifications.
• Dress professionally and arrive early for your interviews or assessments.
• If the interview is conducted online or over the phone, ensure you have a stable internet connection, a quiet environment, and a fully charged device.
• Be prepared for technical or practical exams, depending on the job you are applying for. This may include language tests, trade tests, or computer proficiency assessments.

C. Once you receive a job offer, carefully review the terms and conditions of the employment contract

• Read the contract thoroughly and ensure you understand all the provisions, including your job responsibilities, salary, working hours, benefits, leave entitlements, and termination clauses.
• Verify that the contract is compliant with the labor laws and regulations of the host country and the Philippines.
• If you have concerns or questions about the contract, consult with the recruitment agency, an attorney, or the POEA for guidance.
• If necessary, negotiate with the employer to reach a mutually agreeable contract that protects your rights and interests as an OFW.
• Once you are satisfied with the contract, sign and return it to the employer or recruitment agency, and keep a copy for your records.

Step 4: Undergo Pre-Employment Orientation Seminar (PEOS)

A. attend the mandatory peos online or in-person at designated poea offices.

• Online PEOS : Access the online PEOS modules by registering at the e-PEOS website. Complete the modules at your own pace and convenience.
• In-person PEOS: Visit the POEA website or contact your nearest POEA office to inquire about the schedule and venue for in-person PEOS. Secure a slot by registering and attending on the specified date.

B. Learn about your rights and responsibilities as an OFW, as well as the risks and rewards of overseas employment

• Rights and Responsibilities: The PEOS covers important topics such as labor laws and regulations in the Philippines and the host country, contract provisions, and the obligations of recruitment agencies, employers, and workers.
• Risks and Rewards: The seminar also discusses the potential challenges and benefits of working abroad, including homesickness, cultural differences, and financial management.
• Support Services: During the PEOS, you will learn about the services and assistance available to OFWs, including the roles of the POEA, OWWA, and Philippine embassies and consulates in the host country.

C. Obtain a PEOS certificate upon completion

• Online PEOS: After completing all the online modules, you will be prompted to take a short quiz. Upon passing the quiz, you can download and print your PEOS certificate.
• In-person PEOS: Upon completing the in-person seminar, you will receive your PEOS certificate from the POEA office or the accredited training provider conducting the seminar.

Step 5: Obtain an Overseas Employment Certificate (OEC)

A. register with the poea through the bm (balik manggagawa) online processing system.

• Visit the BM Online Processing System website and create an account if you are a first-time user or log in if you have an existing account.
• Fill out the required information, including your personal details, job position, employer information, and overseas address.

B. Schedule an appointment with the POEA for processing your OEC

• Select your preferred POEA office or processing center and choose an available date and time for your appointment.
• Keep a record of your appointment schedule and reference number, as you will need to present this during your appointment.

C. Bring all necessary documents to your appointment, including your passport, employment contract, and PEOS certificate

• Prepare the original and photocopies of your valid passport, signed employment contract, PEOS certificate, and any other required documents specific to your job or host country.
• Organize your documents in a folder or envelope to ensure they are easily accessible during your appointment.

D. Pay the required fees for the OEC and other mandatory contributions (e.g., PhilHealth, Pag-IBIG, and SSS)

• At the POEA office or processing center, pay the OEC processing fee (approximately PHP 100) and the fees for mandatory contributions to PhilHealth, Pag-IBIG, and SSS.
• For first-time OFWs, the mandatory contributions include the following approximate fees: PHP 2,400 for a 12-month PhilHealth coverage, PHP 1,200 for a 12-month Pag-IBIG membership, and PHP 960 for a 3-month SSS contribution.
• Keep the receipts for your payments, as you may need them for future transactions or reimbursements.

Read next: 8 Most In Demand Jobs in the Philippines

E. Receive your OEC, which serves as proof of your legal status as an OFW and an exit clearance from the Philippines

• After paying the fees and presenting your documents, the POEA officer will process your OEC.
• Once your OEC is issued, review the details and ensure they are accurate. Keep the original copy in a safe place and make copies for your records.
• Present your OEC at the Philippine immigration counter at the airport before departure. The OEC serves as your exit clearance and proof that you are a documented OFW, exempting you from paying travel tax and terminal fees.

Step 6: Attend the Pre-Departure Orientation Seminar (PDOS)

A. register for the pdos, which is conducted by the overseas workers welfare administration (owwa) or accredited ngos.

• Visit the OWWA website ( https://owwa.gov.ph/ ) or contact your nearest OWWA office to inquire about the PDOS schedule and registration process.
• Alternatively, you may also check with accredited NGOs or training providers that offer PDOS in your area. A list of these organizations can be found on the POEA or OWWA websites.
• Register for the PDOS, providing your personal details, job position, and host country information. Keep a record of your PDOS schedule and registration number.

B. Attend the seminar to learn about the host country’s culture, laws, and regulations, as well as practical tips for adjusting to life abroad

• Culture and customs: The PDOS provides an overview of the culture, customs, and traditions of your host country, helping you understand and respect local practices and avoid potential misunderstandings.
• Laws and regulations: The seminar covers important information about the host country’s laws and regulations, including immigration, labor, and social laws. This knowledge is essential for ensuring your safety and legal compliance while working abroad.
• Practical tips: The PDOS also offers practical tips and advice on adjusting to life abroad, such as managing finances, maintaining good health, and dealing with homesickness. You’ll also learn about available resources and support services for OFWs in your host country.
• Rights and responsibilities: During the PDOS, you will be reminded of your rights and responsibilities as an OFW, including your entitlements under your employment contract, as well as your obligations to your employer and the Philippine government.
• Networking: The seminar provides an opportunity to meet and network with fellow OFWs who will be working in the same country or region. This can help you build a support network and share experiences and advice with your peers.

Step 7: Prepare for Departure

A. secure necessary visas, permits, or clearances required by the host country.

• Coordinate with your employer or recruitment agency to obtain the necessary visa or work permit for your host country. The requirements and processing times may vary depending on the country and your job position.
• Some countries may require additional clearances or permits, such as a medical examination, police clearance, or a certificate of good conduct. Ensure you complete these requirements before your departure.

B. Arrange for accommodation and transportation in the host country

• Inquire about your accommodation arrangements with your employer or recruitment agency. Some employers provide accommodation or housing allowances, while others may require you to find your own place to stay.
• Research the cost of living, local neighborhoods, and housing options in your host country to make informed decisions about your accommodation.
• Familiarize yourself with the public transportation system in your host country, including the routes, schedules, and fares. Download relevant apps or maps to help you navigate your new environment.

C. Inform your family and friends of your departure plans and contact details while abroad

• Share your flight details, overseas address, and contact information with your family and friends. This will help them stay connected and reach you in case of emergencies.
• Establish a communication plan with your loved ones, including the preferred methods of contact, such as phone calls, video calls, or messaging apps.
• Inform your family about the support services and resources available to them as relatives of OFWs, including OWWA programs and benefits.

D. Pack your belongings, taking note of baggage restrictions and prohibited items

• Check the baggage allowance and restrictions of your airline, including the weight, size, and number of allowed pieces. This will help you avoid excess baggage fees and ensure your belongings are packed safely.
• Review the customs regulations and prohibited items of your host country, as well as the Philippines, to avoid any issues during your departure and arrival.
• Pack essential items, such as clothing, toiletries, personal documents, and electronics, as well as any specific items required for your job, such as uniforms or work tools.
• Consider bringing some items that remind you of home or your culture, such as photographs, small souvenirs, or favorite snacks, to help you cope with homesickness.

Read next: Top 10 Call Centers in the Philippines

Step 8: Departure and Arrival in the Host Country

A. present your oec at the philippine immigration counter before departure.

• Upon arrival at the airport, proceed to the Philippine immigration counter and present your OEC, passport, and boarding pass to the immigration officer.
• The OEC serves as your exit clearance and proof that you are a documented OFW, exempting you from paying travel tax and terminal fees.

B. Arrive in the host country and report to your employer

• After arriving in the host country, go through immigration and customs procedures as required by the local authorities. Ensure you have your passport, visa or work permit, and employment contract readily available for inspection.
• Coordinate with your employer or recruitment agency to arrange for a pick-up or transportation from the airport to your accommodation or workplace.
• Report to your employer as soon as possible and follow their onboarding process, which may include orientation, training, or signing additional documents.

C. Familiarize yourself with the local customs, language, and community

• Invest time in learning the local language to improve your communication skills and enhance your interactions with the local community. Take language courses, use language learning apps, or practice with native speakers.
• Explore your new surroundings and visit local landmarks, markets, and community centers to gain a better understanding of the host country’s culture and customs.
• Make an effort to establish connections with both local residents and fellow OFWs, as building a support network can help you adapt to your new environment and provide emotional support during challenging times.

D. Register with the nearest Philippine embassy or consulate

• Locate the nearest Philippine embassy or consulate in your host country and register as an OFW. This will enable the embassy or consulate to provide assistance and support in case of emergencies or issues related to your employment.
• Keep a record of the embassy or consulate’s contact information, including their address, phone number, and email, and share it with your family and friends in the Philippines.
• Attend events or activities organized by the Philippine embassy or consulate, as these can provide valuable information on your rights and responsibilities as an OFW, as well as opportunities to network with other Filipino workers in the host country.

Becoming an OFW is a significant decision that requires careful planning and preparation. By following this comprehensive step-by-step guide, you can navigate the process smoothly and embark on a rewarding career overseas. Each step, from researching and choosing your desired job to arriving in your host country, is designed to equip you with the necessary skills, knowledge, and resources to succeed as an OFW.

Working abroad presents opportunities for personal growth, financial stability, and valuable experiences. However, it also comes with challenges, such as adapting to a new culture, being away from family and friends, and navigating unfamiliar regulations. By being proactive and prepared, you can mitigate these challenges and make the most of your time as an OFW.

Remember to stay connected with your loved ones, maintain a strong support network, and be aware of your rights and responsibilities as an OFW. Leverage the resources and assistance provided by the Philippine government, POEA, OWWA, and other organizations to protect your well-being and ensure a fulfilling and successful overseas employment experience.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: what is the role of the poea in assisting aspiring ofws.

A: The POEA (Philippine Overseas Employment Administration) is responsible for promoting and regulating the deployment of Filipino workers to foreign countries. They ensure the protection and welfare of OFWs, maintain a comprehensive database of OFWs, and provide resources and support to help aspiring OFWs navigate the overseas employment process.

Q: How can I verify if a recruitment agency is legitimate and licensed by the POEA?

A: You can verify the legitimacy and license status of a recruitment agency by checking the POEA website ( www.poea.gov.ph ). They maintain an updated list of licensed recruitment agencies, including their contact information and license validity.

Q: What are the benefits provided to OFWs by the Philippine government?

A: OFWs receive various benefits from the Philippine government, such as membership in the Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA), which provides programs and services related to welfare, social, and health benefits. OFWs are also entitled to mandatory contributions to PhilHealth, Pag-IBIG, and the Social Security System (SSS) for their social protection and long-term financial security.

Q: What is the purpose of the Pre-Departure Orientation Seminar (PDOS)?

A: The PDOS aims to prepare OFWs for their life and work abroad by providing information on the host country’s culture, laws, and regulations, as well as practical tips for adjusting to life abroad. It also educates OFWs about their rights and responsibilities and introduces them to available resources and support services in their host country.

Q: What should I do if I encounter problems or issues related to my employment while working overseas?

A: If you face any issues or problems related to your overseas employment, you can seek assistance from the nearest Philippine embassy or consulate in your host country. They can provide guidance, support, and intervention when necessary. Additionally, you can contact the Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA) or the POEA for assistance and advice on your rights and available options.

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5 OFWs Talk About Homesickness And Being Filipino While Working Abroad

"Being a Filipino is in your mind and heart."

BuzzFeed Contributor

Overseas Filipino workers, or OFWs, are considered modern-day heroes for two reasons: first, they willingly leave their families behind to establish a better life for them; second, their remittances keep the Philippine economy afloat.

But their heroic deeds have a difficult tradeoff. OFWs must combat the terrible loneliness that comes from living away from their families for long periods of time.

They also have to deal with an identity crisis—they are in a foreign land, with customs and languages different from theirs. They need to change to survive, but how much should their identity shift? Should they shed their Filipino-ness and adapt the culture of their new home country?

Five OFWs talked to BuzzFeed Philippines and shared their experiences about working abroad, homesickness, and how they retain their identity as Filipinos.

Grace, Singapore

When Grace arrived in Singapore in 2015 to work as a nurse, she felt homesick right away. She was able to withstand it through the help of other Filipinos, whom she calls her "home away from home." They've all become close friends and they celebrate special occasions and holidays together.

"There are a lot of Filipinos here who make me feel like I am just in Davao City," she says. "They strengthen my faith in God and help me to face the challenges as an OFW."

Thus, she has not forgotten how to be a Filipino. "Being a Filipino is in your mind and heart."

Raj, Malaysia

Raj got homesick when he first started working in Malaysia in 2013, but he quickly got through it by hanging out with his new friends and coworkers.

This technical support representative of a software company misses Filipino food and has ceased observing Holy Week, opting to celebrate Chinese New Year instead. But he's still a Filipino at heart. "I never forget my ways and culture as a Filipino."

Irah, Singapore

Irah started working as a technical writer in Singapore in 2016, and was able to fight homesickness via impulsive purchases. "Yep, I used this as an escape," he says, adding that he also kept himself busy with various hobbies and constantly bonding with friends.

Eating Filipino food also reminds him of home. "It's either you cook your own Filipino food or go to Lucky Plaza where Pinoy food and goods can be found."

Irah maintains that he does not feel any less Filipino, because he still feels kinship with any kababayan he sees in public. "When I see someone who I can immediately identify as a Pinoy, I immediately say 'kuya' or 'ate' instead of the usual 'auntie' or 'uncle' terms that Singaporeans use."

Annalyn, Hong Kong

Annalyn fights homesickness in Hong Kong by concentrating on her job as a domestic helper. She started her job in November 2012.

"I make myself busy during the daytime," she states, adding that she watches Filipino teleseryes so she won't feel lonely before sleeping.

Annalyn misses Filipino food the most. She wishes she can eat her mom's cooking, particularly the Visayan dishes diningding and law-uy.

Annalyn may have stopped observing Simbang Gabi, but that does not mean that her identity as a Filipino has diminished.

"I'm still a pure Filipino, not just in my thought and in my word, but in everything that I've done for my fellow Filipinos here," she confesses. "I still have the concern, kindness, and the love that only a true Filipino can have for their kababayans."

Leony, Qatar

Leony, who works as a bartender in Doha, Qatar, believes that homesickness is normal for OFWs. " The first few months were tough that sometimes in the night I cried so hard because I already missed my family and wanted to go home," he admits.

He survived these challenging months in 2015 by keeping himself busy, talking to his parents everyday and going out with friends. "I tried to surround myself with the people whom I considered friends. We go out together to forget and to not think about home," he says.

But he has adopted to Qatar's culture so well, particularly to its strict laws. "I have become more disciplined kasi pag 'di ka sumunod sa batas dito it's either makukulong ka or mag pa-fine."

One wish that he has is that the Philippines will be like Qatar in the implementation of its laws. But does this dream make him any less Filipino?

"I don't think so," he answers. "Siguro I just feel envy kasi maganda ang pamamalakad at hindi rampant ang corruption sa kanila, at hindi over populated compared sa atin."

He adds, "Hindi ko naman ikinahihiya na Filipino ako just because of those I mentioned, kasi right from the start nandiyan na 'yan. I guess all we need to do is to improve ourselves to become a better person for our country."

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My mother's journey as an overseas Filipino worker

With millions of Filipinos working abroad, one woman reflects on overcoming the distance that grew between her and her mother.

Angeli Gabriel and her mother, Marlyn Henning, take pictures after the family moves to Tennessee in 1999. Mother and daughter share similar haircuts and floral prints.

“You had pigtails and didn’t speak any English at all,” my mother says, telling me the story of our move to the United States. It was probably the thousandth time I’d heard this story, but I didn’t mind. My mother, like many Filipinos, is an excellent storyteller—very expressive. She’d emphatically move her hands, shimmy her shoulders, and even do impersonations.

But I couldn’t see any of that this time because we were talking on the phone. My only visual of her was the word “Mom” glowing in white text on my phone’s black screen. I could still imagine every motion she was making and every glint in her eye, as I heard her smiling through the phone.

These calls, where I’d envision my mother’s mannerisms from memory, are how many of our interactions go these days. Years ago, I moved to Washington D.C. for graduate school and work, hundreds of miles from my parents’ house in Tennessee. Trips home became more difficult and less frequent.

Marlyn Henning, several months pregnant with daughter Angeli Gabriel, stands on the steps of her work dormitory in 1986. While pregnant, she still worked as a nurse at Abdulla Fouad Hospital in Dammam, Saudi Arabia.

Grandmother Rosevida Pasana holds Angeli Gabriel and cousin Jeffrey Pasana at her home in Manaoag, Philippines. Unlike other Filipino grandchildren, they called their grandmother “Nanay”, which actually means “mom” in Tagalog.

For my mother and me, distance has always been a constant. But as the decades went by, the veneer of normalcy began to fade as the sacrifices of my mother and our family in the Philippines came to the fore. ( Why 10 million Filipinos work overseas. )

It is quite common in Filipino families for parents and children to live apart. Many parents travel abroad to places like Japan, the United Arab Emirates, Germany, the United States—anywhere they can go to make a living—even by taking care of other people’s children. Today, an estimated 10 million Filipinos are working overseas. They send home an estimated $27 billion a year in remittances.

Of the many Filipino professionals that travel overseas to work, some of the most well-known are nurses. My mother is one of those nurses.

Our story began in 1955, when my mother was born in the rural town of San Jacinto, Philippines. Her father, a bus driver, was the sole earner in their household, struggling to make his earnings stretch and support his wife and six children.

The stories my mom tells about this time in her life take on a somber tone as she talks about family meals that only included rice, water, and salt. Her father would try to persuade his children to eat, constantly promising meat in their next meal, knowing that it was a promise that he could rarely keep.

Marlyn Henning (far left) in 1977 during her senior year of nursing school. The class was Public Health Nursing and involved going to rural areas to provide treatment.

But by the time my mother, the youngest daughter, was a teenager, my grandparents had saved enough money to invest in something that would change their future: sending my mom to nursing school.

Nursing was not my mother’s dream career at the time. As a teenager, she loved to draw and sew, and she even dreamt of a career in fashion and design. But my grandparents asked my mom to consider nursing. My grandparents had seen for other families that nursing helped provide the financial stability their family desperately needed.

They enrolled my mother in Lyceum-Northwestern University. My mom graduated as a registered nurse in 1978.

Then in 1983, after years of gaining hands-on medical experience, my mother joined the ranks of many Filipino nurses who came before her. She accepted an offer to work abroad, at Abdulla Fouad Hospital in Dammam, Saudi Arabia.

She recalls the day she left for the job. At the airport in Manila, Philippines, she prepared to hop on a plane for the first time. Her father was sad to see her leave, and my grandmother cried incessantly. It would be a long time before they’d see their daughter again. ( See millions of Filipino workers return home for the holidays. )

As part of my mother’s work contract, she could only return to the Philippines once a year. Each stint home lasted for about 45 days, enough to catch up on what had happened with family in the past year, before having to reset the clock and return overseas to work.

Angeli Gabriel, is being held by grandmother, Rosevida Pasana. Here, she and grandfather Amado Pasana (seated) are having dinner with several family members at their house in Manaoag, Philippines.

Like many other Filipinos working overseas, my mother sent the majority of her pay back to her family. Her parents needed her support as they grew older and as my grandfather became unable to work as much. Some of her siblings fell into financial hard times. While working abroad separated my mom from her family for years, it allowed them to leave a life of poverty and gain a better, more stable life.

Growing up, I remember seeing photos of my mom in Saudi Arabia. She would be posing with friends and co-workers, and she’d often wear either pressed, white nursing outfits or casual 80s wear that showed off her petite figure. But a few other photos had her posing in a large, flowing mumu—showing off a baby bump.

In 1986, she returned home to give birth this baby: me. I was her first child and the start of her own little family. But about four weeks after giving birth, per her work contract, she had to return to Saudi Arabia. ( Follow Filipino workers as they figure out life in the gulf countries. )

I was left in the care of my mom’s parents and one of her brothers. They raised me as if I were their own, until they were granted an opportunity they couldn’t pass up: moving to the United States.

They then left me in the care of one of my mom’s sisters and her husband. I would grow so close to them that I’d call them “Mommy” and “Daddy”, rather than the usual Tita meaning aunt or Tito meaning uncle. I’d see their children, who were technically my cousins, as my brother and sister.

My aunt would send my mother cassette recordings of me talking or singing as a toddler. My mom said she’d cry every time she listened to them. And when she would take her yearly trip back home to see me, she was met with a baby that cried because she didn’t recognize her.

Soon after Marlyn Henning and Angeli Gabriel arrived in the United States, they went to Universal Studios in Los Angeles, California. They took a photo with Fievel, a cartoon character from the immigrant story “An American Tail”.

My mom knew that her hands were tied. She felt that she couldn’t leave her job because so many family members back home were depending on her. That was the responsibility she bore, even if it meant only being able to see her own daughter once a year.

This part of our story is one my mom doesn’t tell that often. But when she does, her usually animated demeanor fades. I hear a tightness in her throat as she tries to speak. When she talks about this in-person, the only thing I can really do is give her a hug, because this period in our lives was just one of several times to come when she and I were separated.

After a few years, when our family was in a better place financially, she decided to move back home. She knew she wasn’t going to find a nursing job that paid as well as the one she had in Saudi Arabia, but she was willing to make the sacrifice so that she and I could be a family.

But rather than staying in the Philippines, she decided to set her sights on America. Her goal soon came to fruition when she was given an offer to work at Physician and Surgeon Hospital in Midland, Texas.

It was like a dream come true: she would be sponsored to immigrate to America and have guaranteed employment. The catch: she’d have to work a certain number of hours and pass an exam in order to stay employed and in the United States; if she failed, not only would she be sent back to the Philippines, but she’d have to pay back every cent invested into her travels.

When Gabriel was ten years old, she became a Raiders cheerleader for Fairview’s local peewee cheerleading squad. She would later cheer during middle school and high school, become captain of those squads. She later was offered a chance to cheer for college.

My mom decided to take that gamble and up the stakes. She only agreed to go if she could take her daughter with her. Her terms were accepted.

So there we were, on a plane to America. My mom was ready to start a new life with her daughter, dressed in pigtails.

But soon after we arrived to this new country, we were split apart yet again.

My mother needed to focus on her job. Our future and ability to stay in the U.S. depended on it. So, she sent me to live with family in Long Beach, California, where I was reunited with two familiar faces: my grandparents.

My grandfather was working as a janitor, and my grandmother stayed home to care for me. We went to church every Sunday, joining a Catholic congregation made up mostly of Filipinos. We also visited their senior citizen community center and catch up with other Filipino elders. I have fond memories of my grandparents on the dance floor, holding each other close, as they’d done for decades in the Philippines and now, in America.

In 2002, Nanay and Tatay went to live with their daughter and granddaughter in Fairview, Tennessee. They would often attend “The Music” on Friday nights, where they would dance to live country and bluegrass music.

Although life in the U.S. was not as easy as they’d hoped, they recognized how many opportunities it could still hold for me – even if it came at a cultural cost.

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This was most evident in their determination to have me learn and speak English. They, along with my mother, believed that the best way to ensure this was to stop speaking to me in our native Tagalog and our dialect Pangasinan and to only speak to me in English.

At one point, I not only learned how to speak English, but I also learned how to pick up the phone and call my mom. I’d ask her, “Ma, why am I the only one here who doesn’t have a mom?”. According to my grandmother, I was frustrated by how my mom could never visit. I’d point at a U.S. map during a call with her and say, “Texas is there, California is here. See? It’s not that far.”

Years later, on Mother’s Day 1993, my grandparents and I parted ways, and my mother and I reunited. She had passed the requirements for us to remain in the U.S., and we were able to become a family once again.

I was sad to leave my grandparents, but this reunion did grow our family by one. While in Texas, my mom met and fell in love with a fellow nurse at the hospital, and she brought him to meet me.

When Gabriel was about eight years old, she and her parents Dan and Marlyn Henning (far right) took a road trip from Nashville, Tennessee to Long Beach, California to visit family.

Originally hailing from Oklahoma, my stepdad introduced me to another side of American culture. I have fond memories as a child, waking up to songs by the Beach Boys or George Strait playing from the kitchen. I’d find my dad, a burly, 6-foot-tall white guy, tending to homemade sausage gravy simmering on the stovetop. When he’d see me, he’d start doing silly, dad-joke-level dance moves—anything to make me laugh.

His lightheartedness was accompanied by a deep respect for my family’s struggles. He recognized the pain of my mother’s and my near-constant separation, and he did what he could to reacquaint us after years of being apart.

Change was afoot once again, but this time, we experienced it together.

We moved to Tennessee for my father’s job, and we ended up establishing roots in a small town called Fairview. Unlike Long Beach, which was a bustling town of grey, city blocks, Fairview was calm, quiet, and lush with green. Our first home there was nestled in the woods.

To acquaint themselves with this new town, my parents decided to partake in one of Fairview’s popular activities: attending the high school’s football games. But on their first visit, my mother recalls looking around the bleachers and noticing another difference from Long Beach—everyone at the game was white. Knowing that I would stand out in this community with my black hair and brown skin, she couldn’t help but wonder how I would fit in.

Gabriel poses with childhood friends during her birthday party at a roller skating rink. Her parents gave her her first tennis racket that day and set Gabriel on a path that eventually led her to play for the high school tennis team.

Turns out that my mother had nothing to worry about. Classmates took an interest in my background and life in the Philippines, and they and their families treated me and my parents with respect and kindness. I grew up virtually clueless that I was any different from my blonde, blue-eyed, and freckled friends. I even picked up a little Southern lilt.

While my mother and I were finally together again, establishing roots in this new hometown, we began to drift once again. The distance we’d encountered time and again in a geographical sense began to manifest itself culturally.

My mother developed expectations of me that were rooted in traditional Filipino values, whereas I had expectations of myself that were rooted in American values. For example, what she perceived as disrespectful behavior, I perceived as standing up for what I believed in.

Despite our cultural disagreements, while I was in high school, my mother decided to bring us further into the American fold by having us become citizens. When I ask her about this decision, she brings it back to opportunity. “At the time, you had to be a citizen to apply for scholarships,” she said. “I wanted you to have all the education opportunities.”

Gabriel and her mom visit the Grand Canyon for the first time. The family took a three-day road trip from Nashville, Tennessee to Los Angeles, California, and stopped to see some of the country’s greatest sites.

I remember quizzing my mom about U.S. history to help prepare her for the citizenship test. We’d often sit on the front porch of our house to do this. It was usually dark, since we’d get together after she came home from work, and we’d flip through the list of questions by the warm yellow glow of the porch light.

Who was the first president of the United States? What do the stars and stripes on the American flag mean? My mother, educated in the Filipino school system, had to learn another country’s history from scratch.

Then, in 2002, she took and passed the text, and we became American citizens together.

In addition to learning about U.S. history, my mom and I learned about one crucial component of becoming Americans: You must have the ability to handle the distance from your home country, from loved ones, and from yourself.

My mother took ten years to afford our first trip home, after that initial flight in 1991 took us further away from the Philippines in ways we never expected. She spent years apart from her parents, her siblings, and her own daughter, missing countless milestones in their lives.

Now in her sixties, my mother has scaled back the hours she works and spends her new free time with my dad and herself, having for the first time the space to reflect, appreciate, and heal from the many turns her journey took.

Although she and I are once again apart, with her in Tennessee and me in D.C., we do our best to maintain a closeness we’ve been deprived of for so long.

While it would be ideal to be by her side as she tells her many stories, watching her as she motions through the air and seeing the expressiveness of her eyes, something as simple as a phone call, where I could hear her smile resonating through the line, is still as priceless a connection.

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