closing remarks for research webinar

10 Of The Best Things To Say In Closing Remarks

Hrideep barot.

• Presentation , Public Speaking , Speech Writing

What are closing remarks?

A closing remark is the last sentence, paragraph or concluding part of your speech or presentation. They are also referred to as ‘concluding remarks’.

In a speech/presentation, the outset and the conclusion are 2 essentials. It leaves an impact on the audience and makes your speech/presentation eloquent .

We have written an article on opening lines in speech writing , read this article to know how to begin your speech perfectly.

Every speech or presentation comes with an objective and something to take away from it. The point is that if you don’t end your speech appropriately the main essence of your speech /presentation will be forgotten and dispersed just as quickly.

The closing remark will be your last chance to be innovative and make up for the missing bits if any.

The limit of your closing remark must last between 10% to 15% of your speech. So for instance, if your speech is a 7-minute speech your closing remark must last for at least a minute.

The purpose of closing remarks

The main purpose of closing remarks is, it lets the audience know that the speech is supposed to end.It helps to summarize your speech in short and accentuate the main points of your speech.

Also, research suggests that the audience often remembers the end closing part precisely than the entire speech.

A powerful speech ending does 40% of your work. It’s also not easy to write a ‘Closing remark’. You have to think and choose the right words that hit hard and leave a mark. Here’s a detailed video we have made of some amazing speech ending lines you can get inspiration for your own speech:

Some Dos of closing remarks

The speaker must follow a few things with respect to the format of the speech. Here are some dos which will help the speaker in concluding his speech.

Indicate that the speech is close to the end

An experienced speaker will always signal that the speech is about to end so that the audience is mentally ready for a conclusion. For example- In a novel, the author uses Epilogue as a tool to let the readers know that the story is going to get over soon.

Give a rundown of your speech/presentation

At times, it’s possible that the readers may have missed some points while you were speaking or they may have zoned out during the span of your speech. So give a brief run-through of your points at the end and this will reinforce the message of your speech.

Make eye-contact

As mentioned above, the closing remark or concluding part of your speech will be the last chance of leaving an impact on the audience. So a confident eye-contact may let the audience know so much more than just words could convey.

It will also make your call-to-action more effective and influencing.

In case you find eye contact difficult (like I did), here are some alternatives you can use that give the illusion that you are maintaining eye contact without you actually having to do so:

Some don’ts of closing remarks

Some things should be avoided when writing your closing remarks for a speech or presentation. Given below are the most primal things that the speaker should keep in mind.

Don’t make the closing remarks lengthy

If the speaker does not add a closing remark, the speech would look incomplete and end abruptly. Also, try not to make the closing remark too prolonged, this may bore the audience and they may lose interest.

The audience may also not be able to distinguish between the main points and jumble up what is important and what is not.

Don’t end with a simple ‘Thank You”

Saying a dry and plain ‘Thank you’ to be polite at the end of your speech is not very persuasive. It is a very mundane way of ending your speech.You need to drive your point home so be creative.

Don’t add new material out of no where

Adding in new material in the closing remarks which are not mentioned in the speech will catch the audience off guard. The audience may not be able to process what’s going on. So mention only those points in your closing remarks that have already been spoken about.

Types of closing remarks

You want your closing remarks to be such that the audience can get a flashback of the entire presentation or speech with just what you said at the end. These may alter accordingly with what kind of a presentation it is.

The fitting remark

What is it.

The fitting remark is the most basic remark of them all. It’s to the point, decisive and direct. The idea of your presentation is conveyed through this remark.

The fitting remark mainly summarizes your speech in sweet and simple words with no extra spice to your conclusion.

Example of a fitting remark

Here is an example of a Speech where Emma Watson closes her speech with a fitting remark. Like I mentioned above, this speech is to the point and decisive. The idea of Gender Equality was conveyed very clearly and directly by her closing remark.

The motivational remark

The motivational remark is used when the speaker uses motivational quotes, phrases, or even dialogues for that matter. The objective is to leave the audience on a ‘motivated to do something’ note.

This remark is to re-energize your audience towards your speech/presentation. When the speaker ends his speech it should have such an impact that they remember your words and do something with that motivation.

Motivational speeches can be given on a variety of topics. We have written an article about ‘How to give a motivational speech on leadership to students’ . You can check it out to get a better idea. This is just one example of how to go about it.

Example of a motivational remark

This speech by Jeremy Anderson just leaves a mark that has you sitting straight and energized. It motivates the audience to know their worth and not let themselves down.

The expository remark

In this type of a remark the speaker shares his anecdotes, his own experience or has a very relatable end to his speech. The main purpose of such an end is so that the audience can connect to the speaker on a deeper level and know exactly what he is saying.

It’s a sort of a congenial connect with the audience. We have written an article on Storytelling approaches you can use in your speech or presentation. This article will give you an insight into why storytelling is so important what are the different techniques used.

Example of a expository remark

Priyanka Chopra in this speech shares her own experiences and anecdotes that people can connect with which makes her speech so much more interesting and inspiring.

The contemplative remark

The contemplative remark leaves the audience pondering over what the speaker has said. Its goal is to make the audience think about all factors such as the lessons, the theme of the speech and wavelength during the span of the presentation/speech.

The speaker can emphasize ‘what the audience thinks’ and leave it there for them to figure out their thoughts.

Example of a contemplative remark

For instance, President Obama in his speech about Bin Laden’s death concludes with a contemplative remark that leaves the audience pensive.

“Finally, let me say to the families who lost loved ones on 9/11 that we have never forgotten your loss, nor wavered in our commitment to see that we do whatever it takes to prevent another attack on our shores. And tonight, let us think back to the sense of unity that prevailed on 9/11.  I know that it has, at times, frayed.  Yet today’s achievement is a testament to the greatness of our country and the determination of the American people. The cause of securing our country is not complete.  But tonight, we are once again reminded that America can do whatever we set our mind to.  That is the story of our history, whether it’s the pursuit of prosperity for our people, or the struggle for equality for all our citizens; our commitment to stand up for our values abroad, and our sacrifices to make the world a safer place. Let us remember that we can do these things not just because of wealth or power, but because of who we are:  one nation, under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.” President Obama in his speech about Bin Laden’s death

The propositional remark

In this remark, the speaker ends with a piece of advice for the audience. It’s more subjective than objective. This is more like a suggestion/tip.

Example of a propositional remark

Michelle Obama’s speech is an advice for students about how to succeed in life. Her closing remark suggests that it’s not important if you went to an Ivy League or a State School what is important is the hard work you do and that will take you closer to success.

The rhetoric remark

The rhetoric remark has to do with a question that doesn’t really need an answer. The speaker leaves the audience hanging with this question.

The speaker has no intention of expecting an answer from the audience and neither does he want one. He just wants the audience to consider what he said and reflect upon it.

Rhetoric is used in many forms and speakers use rhetoric in their speeches for a powerful effect. Here are 4 ways how you can use rhetorical devices in your speech to make it powerful.

Example of a rhetoric remark

 “In the end, that’s what this election is about. Do we participate in a politics of cynicism, or do we participate in a politics of hope?” President Obama in 2004 Democratic National Convention Speech

The funny remark

One of the best thing that helps make your speech effective and interactive is humour. It lightens the environment and works as a tool to break the ice between the speaker and the audience.

Adding humour to your speech will make the audience lively and enthusiastic. If you leave the audience laughing at the end of your speech you will leave on a positive note and they will most probably leave with a good impression of you and your words.

Humour can be one of the strongest tools in a speech, especially for a closing remark, if used correctly.

Qualified speakers frequently make use of humour all through their speech and then at the end strike with a humourless thought and leave the audience serious. Such a sudden change has a powerful impact.

Example of a funny remark

In this speech by Dananjaya Hettiarachchi he uses humour to close a speech by successfully summing up the title and summarizes the content of his speech.

The factual remark

In this type of remark, the speaker ends with some facts related to his speech and presentation. Adding facts as the closing boosts your speech. Facts presented in the form of tables, graphs and diagrams are easy to understand and visually appealing.

At times facts can seem boring if not presented appropriately. To know what facts to add and what not to add in a speech follow our article on ’11 Steps to Add Facts in A Speech Without Making It Boring’.

Example of a factual remark

Given below is a paradigm of a pie diagram. The speaker can fill in his facts according to the theme and research of his presentation.

Call-to- action

This is the most common remark and can be utilized in most of the closing remarks. Call- to- action is simply requesting your audience to take a step forward and take action towards the theme of your speech.

Make your CTA direct and don’t hint at it, this may induce confusion.

Why is it a must, you may ask? This is because the audience may have listened to your entire speech but until and unless you won’t take the initiative and be upfront not everyone is compelled to take action.

Example of a call-to-action

Leonardo DiCaprio in this speech is asking the audience and people to take action to put a price tag on carbon emissions and eliminate government subsidies for coal, gas, and oil companies.

The Activity Remark

This closing remark can be one of a kind for the audience. In this kind of a remark the speaker can undertake an activity that will help the audience understand the theme of the speech with an act of creativity.

For instance, the speaker can make use of his talents to showcase his message through them. Like singing, doing a trick or playing a quiz with the audience.

Example of a activity remark

Sparsh Shah a 13 year old boy who ends his inspiring speech with a song and rap wants to tell the audience that nothing is impossible in life. He uses music as a closing remark to end his speech in a heartening way.

Scenarios for closing remarks 

Closing remarks for a meeting/conference.

Meetings are often compulsory as compared to presentations or speeches. They can be called at any time and are mostly informal. Whereas, a conference is formal and has a specific time and place, where it is conducted.

But in both of them, the purpose is to plan and execute. So end your closing remarks with action.

For example- Reiterate the actions that need to be executed so that the actions will remain fresh and can be recalled easily.

Here is a pro-tip, do not drag the meeting/conference over time and then rush up to close the conference. This will make no room for your closing remark and many things will remain unsaid even if you manage to close the meeting/conference in a rush.

Closing remarks for a school activity

As the heading suggests the closing remark for a school activity will be for school kids so try not to use too many technical terms or make it complicated. Keep the remarks simple and fun.

Here the speaker can use the Activity remark mentioned in the types of closing remarks. It is creative, engaging and hence the kids will connect more to fun activities rather than to boring long remarks.

For example- The speaker can use the Q & A method to end or play a quiz and include all the points mentioned in their speech/activity.

Closing remarks after a workshop

Workshops come with an intent to teach and for the audience to learn. So make your closing remarks interactive. You can ask questions like ‘What is your take-away from this workshop?’

This will let the audience ponder over what they learnt during the entire span of the workshop.

One more way to end is by requesting the audience to fill out the feedback form and cater step by step guidance.

Closing remarks for a webinar/Zoom meeting

Since a zoom meeting/webinar is a virtual platform, there are chances the speaker might not see all the audience or ‘participants’ of the meeting but everyone can see the speaker.

So this may also fall as a disadvantage in the speaker’s case but don’t let this demotivate you.

In your closing remark, you can add a poll that is a feature of zoom to know how many of them are listening. Before closing the webinar, leave your Twitter or Facebook handles so that if the audience has questions they can connect with you on these platforms.

Closing remarks for a ceremony speech

A ceremony is more of a large scale event with too many decorations, music, and arrangements.

Keep in mind though, these things are not what the audience will want to leave with, so what you say last will be the end of what they take-away. Therefore, in a ceremony, you can use any one of the types of closing remarks mentioned above.

For example- You can use ‘The expository remark’ where you can share your own story to make your closing remark relatable and two-sided.

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Some last words

Closing remarks are important in speech writing because without a closing remark your speech will seem unfinished. To leave on a happy note the speaker must organize his speech with the perfect end and time it accordingly.

Closing remarks can be of varied types but using the appropriate closing remark according to the situation and time can make a huge difference in your speech.

Still looking for inspiration? Check out this video we made on closing remarks:

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How to Conclude a Webinar: Tips and Best Practices

• Thomas Conner
• Last Modified: November 30, 2023

Concluding a webinar can be challenging, especially if you want to make a lasting impression on your audience. As the host, it’s important to wrap up the presentation in a way that leaves your viewers feeling satisfied and engaged. In this article, I will share some tips and strategies on how to conclude a webinar effectively.

One of the first things to consider when concluding a webinar is your audience. Understanding their needs and expectations will help you tailor your conclusion to their specific interests. Additionally, planning your conclusion ahead of time can help you create a cohesive and engaging ending that ties together all the key points of your presentation.

To make your conclusion more effective, you can use a variety of techniques such as summarizing your key points, providing a call to action, or highlighting the benefits of attending your webinar. By incorporating these strategies into your conclusion, you can leave a lasting impression on your audience and encourage them to take action based on the information you presented.

Understanding Your Audience

As I conclude my webinar, it is important to understand the audience I am speaking to. Knowing your audience helps you tailor your presentation to their interests and needs. It also helps you to connect with them and make a lasting impression.

One way to understand your audience is to conduct a survey before the webinar. This survey can include questions about the attendees’ backgrounds, interests, and expectations for the webinar. This information can help you to create content that is relevant and engaging for your audience.

Another way to understand your audience is to engage with them during the webinar. Ask questions, encourage participation, and listen to their feedback. This will help you to understand their perspectives and adjust your presentation accordingly.

It is also important to consider the demographics of your audience, such as age, gender, and education level. This can help you to choose language and examples that are appropriate and understandable for your audience.

Overall, understanding your audience is essential to delivering a successful webinar. By knowing your audience, you can create a presentation that is engaging, informative, and memorable for all attendees.

Planning Your Webinar

When it comes to planning a successful webinar, there are several important factors to consider. First and foremost, you need to choose a topic that is relevant and interesting to your target audience. This will help ensure that people are motivated to attend and engage with your content.

Once you have your topic, it’s important to think about the content you will be presenting. This should be well-researched and organized in a logical manner. You may want to create an agenda or outline to help you stay on track during the webinar.

In addition to the content, you will also need to prepare any necessary materials or resources, such as slides, handouts, or interactive polls. It’s important to make sure these are easily accessible to your audience during the webinar .

Finally, you should consider the logistics of hosting the webinar, such as scheduling, platform, and promotion. Choosing the right time and day to host your webinar can make a big difference in attendance rates, and promoting your webinar through social media and email marketing can help ensure that people are aware of the event.

Related Posts:

• Webinar Format: A Guide to Engaging Online Presentations
• Best Time and Day to Host a Webinar: Data-Driven Decisions

Creating Engaging Content

To conclude a webinar successfully, it is crucial to create engaging content. Engaging content is the key to keeping your audience interested and invested in your presentation. Here are some tips for creating engaging content:

• Content: The content of your webinar should be relevant and valuable to your audience. Make sure to provide actionable insights and information that your audience can use in their personal or professional lives.
• Slides: Use visually appealing slides to keep your audience engaged. Avoid cluttered or text-heavy slides, and use images and graphics to illustrate your points.
• Story: Incorporate a story into your presentation to make it more relatable and memorable for your audience. Use personal anecdotes or case studies to illustrate your points and make a connection with your audience.
• Humor: Use humor to break the ice and make your audience feel more comfortable. Keep it appropriate and relevant to your topic.
• Examples: Use real-life examples to illustrate your points and make your presentation more tangible for your audience. Use case studies or success stories to show how your product or service can benefit them.

Remember, the key to creating engaging content is to keep your audience’s attention and make a connection with them. Use these tips to create a presentation that your audience will remember.

• Most Engaging Webinar Formats

Effective Presentation Techniques

As a seasoned presenter, I have found that there are several techniques that can help you deliver an effective webinar. Here are some of my top tips:

Engage Your Audience

To keep your audience engaged, it’s important to make your presentation interactive. You can do this by asking questions, conducting polls, or having your audience participate in a Q&A session. This will not only help keep your audience interested, but it will also help you gauge their understanding of the material.

Practice Makes Perfect

Practice your presentation before the webinar to ensure that you are comfortable with the material. This will help you deliver your presentation more confidently and smoothly. You can practice in front of a mirror, record yourself, or present to a friend or family member.

Use Visual Aids

Visual aids such as slides, diagrams, and videos can help you convey your message more effectively. Be sure to use clear and concise visuals that support your main points. However, be careful not to overload your presentation with too many visuals, as this can be distracting.

Speak Clearly and Confidently

It’s important to speak clearly and confidently during your presentation. This will help you convey your message more effectively and keep your audience engaged. Take your time, and don’t rush through your presentation. If you are nervous, take a deep breath and remind yourself that you are the expert on the subject.

By following these techniques, you can deliver an effective webinar that engages your audience and leaves them with a clear understanding of the material.

Hosting and Recording the Webinar

As a host, it’s important to ensure that your webinar runs smoothly from start to finish. One of the most critical aspects of hosting a webinar is ensuring that it’s recorded so that attendees who couldn’t make it can watch it later. Here are some tips to help you host and record your webinar successfully:

• Choose a reliable hosting platform: Select a platform that is easy to use and has features that meet your needs. Some popular options include Zoom, GoToWebinar, and WebEx.
• Test your equipment: Make sure your microphone, camera, and internet connection are working correctly before the webinar starts. Test your equipment with a friend or colleague to ensure everything is working correctly.
• Create a backup plan: Technical difficulties can happen, so it’s essential to have a backup plan in case something goes wrong. Have a second computer and internet connection ready, and consider recording the webinar on both devices.
• Record the webinar: Most webinar platforms have a recording feature that allows you to record the entire webinar. Make sure to hit the record button before the webinar starts and check that the recording is working correctly throughout the session.
• Edit the recording: After the webinar, edit the recording to remove any dead air or technical difficulties. Add a title and description to the recording so that viewers can find it easily.
• Share the recording: Share the recorded webinar with attendees who couldn’t make it and post it on social media or your website to reach a broader audience.

Hosting and recording a webinar can be challenging, but with the right tools and preparation, it can be a smooth and successful experience.

• How to Host a Webinar: Step by Step Guide

Engaging with the Audience

As a webinar host, engaging with the audience is crucial to keep them interested and attentive throughout the session. Here are some effective ways to engage with your audience:

Encourage Questions

Encouraging questions is an excellent way to engage with your audience. It shows that you care about their opinions and that you are willing to answer their queries. You can encourage questions by asking them to submit their questions in the chat or by having a dedicated Q&A session at the end of the webinar.

Use Chat Effectively

The chat feature is a powerful tool to engage with your audience. Encourage them to use the chat to ask questions, share their thoughts, and interact with each other. You can also use the chat to share additional resources, links, or to clarify any doubts that your audience might have.

Polls are an excellent way to engage with your audience and gather feedback. You can use polls to ask your audience about their opinions, preferences, or to gather feedback on the webinar’s content. Polls are also a great way to keep your audience engaged and interested throughout the session.

Q&A Session

A dedicated Q&A session at the end of the webinar is an excellent way to engage with your audience and answer their questions. You can encourage your audience to submit their questions throughout the webinar, and then answer them during the Q&A session. This will keep your audience engaged and interested until the end of the session.

Engaging with your audience is essential to make your webinar successful. By encouraging questions, using the chat effectively, using polls, and having a dedicated Q&A session, you can keep your audience engaged and interested throughout the session.

Marketing Your Webinar

When it comes to marketing your webinar, there are a few key things to keep in mind. First and foremost, you need to make sure you have a solid email marketing strategy in place. This means crafting compelling subject lines, creating visually appealing email templates, and including a clear call to action that encourages recipients to register for the webinar.

In addition to email marketing, you should also be leveraging social media to promote your webinar. This means creating engaging social media posts that provide a sneak peek of what attendees can expect from the webinar, as well as using relevant hashtags to reach a wider audience.

Another important aspect of webinar marketing is ensuring that your product or service is well-aligned with the needs and interests of your target market. This means conducting market research to identify pain points and challenges that your audience is facing, and positioning your webinar as a solution to these issues.

Ultimately, the key to successful webinar marketing is to be strategic, targeted, and consistent in your approach. By leveraging a combination of email marketing, social media, and market research, you can create a compelling and effective webinar marketing campaign that drives registrations and engages your audience.

• How To Promote A Webinar

Concluding Your Webinar

As we come to the end of our webinar, it is important to conclude it effectively. A strong conclusion can leave a lasting impression on your audience and ensure they remember the key takeaways from your presentation. Here are some tips on how to conclude your webinar:

Closing Remarks

Before you begin your conclusion, it is important to thank your audience for attending your webinar. This shows your appreciation and helps build a connection with your audience. You can also use this time to introduce yourself and your company, providing your audience with a brief background.

Recap and Summary

Summarizing the key points of your presentation is a crucial step in concluding your webinar. This helps reinforce the most important information and ensures that your audience remembers what they learned. You can use bullet points or a table to summarize the main ideas of your presentation.

Expressing gratitude towards your audience is a great way to conclude your webinar. You can thank them for their time and attention, as well as any questions or feedback they provided. This shows that you value their input and helps build a stronger relationship with your audience.

In conclusion, a strong conclusion can leave a lasting impression on your audience and ensure they remember the key takeaways from your presentation. By using closing remarks, a recap and summary, and expressing gratitude, you can effectively conclude your webinar and leave a positive impression on your audience.

Post-Webinar Strategy

After the webinar is over, it’s important to have a post-webinar strategy in place to ensure that you’re making the most out of the event. Here are some tips to help you with your post-webinar strategy:

• Send a survey to attendees: A survey is a great way to get feedback from your attendees. It’s important to get their opinion on what they liked and what they didn’t like about the webinar. This will help you improve your future webinars and make them more engaging.
• Conduct a feedback session: A feedback session is another great way to get feedback from your attendees. You can conduct a feedback session either through email or on a call. This will help you understand what your attendees liked and didn’t like about the webinar.
• Follow up with attendees through email: Follow up with your attendees through email to thank them for attending the webinar. You can also provide them with a copy of the webinar recording and any other resources that you promised during the webinar.
• Analyze the data: Analyze the data from the webinar to see how many people attended, how long they stayed, and what they engaged with the most. This will help you understand what worked and what didn’t work during the webinar.

By following these tips, you can create a successful post-webinar strategy that will help you improve your future webinars and make them more engaging.

Frequently Asked Questions

How can you summarize the main points of a webinar effectively.

To summarize the main points of a webinar effectively, I recommend creating a summary slide that highlights the key takeaways. This slide should be simple and straightforward, with bullet points or short phrases that capture the essence of the webinar’s content. Additionally, you can verbally summarize the main points during the conclusion of the webinar.

What are some effective ways to end a webinar?

Some effective ways to end a webinar include thanking the audience for attending, summarizing the key points, and providing a call to action. You can also encourage attendees to ask questions or provide feedback, which can help to engage them and create a sense of community.

How do you make the conclusion of a webinar memorable?

To make the conclusion of a webinar memorable, I recommend using visuals, such as images or videos, to reinforce key points. You can also use storytelling or anecdotes to create an emotional connection with the audience. Finally, ending with a strong call to action can help to motivate attendees to take action based on what they’ve learned.

What are some common mistakes to avoid when concluding a webinar?

Some common mistakes to avoid when concluding a webinar include rushing through the conclusion, failing to summarize the main points, and neglecting to provide a call to action. Additionally, it’s important to avoid making exaggerated or false claims, as this can undermine the credibility of the webinar.

How do you ensure that your audience takes action after the webinar?

To ensure that your audience takes action after the webinar, I recommend providing a clear and specific call to action. This could include signing up for a newsletter, downloading a free resource, or scheduling a consultation. Additionally, following up with attendees after the webinar can help to reinforce the message and encourage action.

What are some tips for creating a strong conclusion slide for a webinar?

To create a strong conclusion slide for a webinar, I recommend using a clear and concise format, with bullet points or short phrases that summarize the main points. Additionally, using visuals, such as images or icons, can help to reinforce the message and make the slide more engaging. Finally, including a call to action can help to motivate attendees to take action based on what they’ve learned.

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How to Deliver an Effective Closing Speech for a Scientific Conference

In the world of scientific conferences, delivering a well-crafted closing speech is an important task. In this post, we will guide you through the key sections of a successful closing speech, helping you leave a lasting impression on the attendees and wrap up the conference on a high note.

Key Highlights and Breakthroughs

As the conference comes to an end, it's crucial to provide a concise summary of the main highlights. Reflect on the significant themes, breakthroughs, and notable research contributions discussed throughout the event. By summarizing the conference, you reinforce the key takeaways for the attendees and remind them of the value gained from their participation.

Recognizing Organizers and Contributors

Expressing gratitude is an essential part of any closing speech. Take a moment to acknowledge and appreciate the hard work and dedication of the conference organizers. Recognize their efforts in creating a platform that fosters knowledge exchange and supports scientific advancement. This is also an opportune time to thank the speakers for sharing their expertise and the attendees for their active participation.

Spotlight on Inspiring Presenters

Highlighting the contributions of the keynote speakers and presenters adds a personal touch to your closing speech. Briefly mention some of the standout speakers and their presentations, emphasizing the significance of their research and the value it added to the conference. This recognition not only acknowledges their efforts but also provides a sense of accomplishment and appreciation for their contributions.

Thanking the Active Conference Participants

Expressing gratitude towards the attendees is crucial, as their presence and engagement play a pivotal role in the success of the conference. Thank them for their active participation, thought-provoking questions, and valuable discussions. Emphasize that their collective presence contributed to the vibrant and intellectually stimulating atmosphere of the event.

Personal Insights and Takeaways

In this section, share your own reflections on the conference. Discuss the most memorable, interesting, or impactful moments that stood out to you personally. Highlight how the conference has contributed to the advancement of knowledge in the field and inspired further research. By offering your insights, you encourage others to reflect on the value and impact of the conference as well.

Keep momentum, keep the community

As the conference draws to a close, it's important to inspire and motivate the attendees to continue their scientific endeavors beyond the event. Encourage them to maintain the spirit of collaboration, knowledge sharing, and research excellence that the conference exemplified. Emphasize the importance of sustained efforts and continued engagement to drive scientific progress in the future.

In the closing section, provide your final remarks and wrap up the speech. Reiterate your gratitude to the attendees, organizers, and speakers for their contributions. Leave them with a positive and uplifting message that reinforces the significance of their involvement and participation in the conference.

Delivering a compelling closing speech for a scientific conference requires careful planning and execution. By following the structure outlined in this post, you can create a memorable and impactful closing speech that leaves a lasting impression on the attendees. Remember, a well-crafted closing speech not only signifies the end of a conference but also acts as a catalyst for future collaborations, research endeavors, and scientific advancements.

We hope this guide helps you deliver an effective closing speech at your next scientific conference. Best of luck with your future presentations.

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Roberto Rabasco

+10 years’ experience working for Deutsche Telekom, Just Eat or Asos. Leading, designing and developing high-availability software solutions, he built his own software house in '16

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How to Write the Perfect Webinar Script (Templates Included!)

Hosting a webinar comes with many responsibilities. You need to lead the discussion, moderate, and even keep track of the time. Webinars can be held for all types of subjects, so you may need to create a webinar script to keep up with the content! A webinar script helps to create fluid conversations while also keeping the webinar host on track. 

What is a Webinar Script?

A webinar script is a piece of dialogue, written before the webinar and is shared throughout the duration of the webinar. Your webinar should include an event agenda , any important talking points, and closing remarks. Webinar scripts are essentially roadmaps to the event. You can include timing and what order the speakers will speak in. Rather than going into the webinar blindly, the perfect webinar script will plan out exactly what you are going to say. 

Why You Should Write a Webinar Script

Webinars are important for keeping your webinar attendees engaged throughout the event. Without a webinar script, the event can go off track and you will lose the attention of your guests. Webinar scripts help to keep your webinar focused, on track, and timely. You can also create your webinar script around the goals you set for the webinar, so you can easily track the webinar goals that you want to achieve!

How To Write a Webinar Script

When you begin to write your webinar script, you can write it in an online document or hand-write it in a notebook. However, writing it in an online document makes it so much easier to share with anyone that you need to share it with. These 6 tips will help you write the perfect webinar script template for your event! 

Read and Learn: How to Add Energy, Impact, and Results at Every Stage of Your Webinar

Webinar Introduction

The introduction for your webinar presentation sets the tone for the whole event! Within the introduction, you can introduce not only yourself but also your business and any guest speakers you have scheduled. When you introduce the guest speakers with a small introduction, it will give the guest speakers more time to present. Take the time to thank your audience for their attendance, as well as your guest speakers for taking the time to join the webinar. You can also touch upon what the webinar will be focused on, without going into too much detail. Here's a webinar introduction script sample to guide you: “Welcome to [Webinar Name], hosted by [Your Company]. Today we have [Guest Speaker Name] with us to talk about [Topic]...” Take the time to thank your audience for their attendance, as well as your guest speakers for taking the time to join the webinar.

Download our complete guide to virtual networking at events and learn how to grow your network through the screen

Webinar Agenda

You don’t need to go into  too much detail about what the webinar entails in the introduction,  because you’re going to explain it in the webinar agenda. During this portion of the webinar, hosts can explain to  the audience what they can expect from the webinar. Hosts can also outline what topics the speakers will cover during their speaking portion. Again, this saves time  from the speakers introducing themselves and what they are going to be talking about, ultimately giving them more time to speak about those topics. Event hosts can also tell the audience how long each segment of the webinar will last, giving the audience a better understanding of how long the event as a whole will last! According to a study by Zippla , only 37% of workplace meetings actively use agendas.

Webinar Goal And Purpose

The webinar goal and purpose are considered the “why” of the event. In order to grab the attention of your audience, you can have a list of bullet points of all of the topics you’re going to cover within the webinar. After stating the topics in the bulleted points, you can then begin to explain the benefits of the webinar and what your guests can take away from the event. Not only can your guests take away ideas from the webinar, but they can also take away topics to explore further after the webinar is over. If this is the case, express to the audience how they can go about finding their event takeaways once the webinar is over. 

Webinar Educational Content

Once the introductions are over, the educational content that attracted your audience to your webinar can begin! The educational content can be any type, depending on your webinar goals and the type of speakers you have. Once you acquire your guest speakers, ask them to create a webinar script of their own ahead of time! This is the segment where insights and valuable information are shared by the webinar presenter. This will keep your guests on track with what they’re talking about, so they won’t stray away from the topics at hand. The more guest speakers you have, and the more content you provide to them will be beneficial for everyone. When your guest speakers talk about their topics , encourage them to share their own personal stories to add a sense of personalization to your content. Audience members can relate to what the guest speakers are saying, creating those personal relationships that you should strive for in the business world. 

Webinar Conclusion and Q&A Session

Once all of the guest speakers have spoken, the host can begin the conclusion and Q&A session. According to Wyzowl , 92% of attendees want a live Q&A session included in the webinar. If you have a webinar moderator, they can help in managing this section efficiently. Before the Q&A session begins, you can recap the webinar as a whole! Be sure to recap any important ideas and takeaways the guests can walk away with. Keep this part short and sweet, as there may be many questions from the audience. If you choose to have an engagement activity, you can include a small quiz or a feedback session to allow webinar hosts to see how well the guests understood their presentations and if they learned something new.. Once this portion is completed, you can then begin the Q&A session ! Q&A sessions allow your guests to voice any questions or concerns they may have; either because they didn’t understand an aspect of the webinar or because they have a question about something that wasn’t covered in the webinar. There may be guests who have all kinds of questions, so be sure to try your best to get to everyone who has a question. If time does run out before you can get to every question, you should have an option for guests to ask their questions at a later time.

Webinar Next Steps And Closing

First and foremost, you should thank your guests and guest speakers for attending your event! They took time out of their day to attend the webinar to learn more about the topics. Thanking them for attending can mean so much to your guests and your speakers. Next, you can then begin your closing statements , which can be the invitation for a call-to-action related to your digital marketing strategy or other services you offer. If you wish to have a call-to-action button for your guests, be sure to add instructions on how they can go about doing that, and can be answering a post-event survey, polls, or giving any feedback. Once all of this has been discussed with your audience, you can then thank your guests again and everyone can go their separate ways! With a solid webinar script, you'll be well on your way to delivering a successful webinar presentation, achieving desired audience engagement, and reaching your marketing strategy goals.

2 Webinar Script Templates for Your Next Event

Depending on the type of webinar you are hosting , there are several types of scripts that can be created. Below are a few examples, both formal and informal, of webinar scripts that you can use based on your company model. Feel free to use any of these webinar templates for your own company! 

Webinar Template #1: 

Introduction: .

• Greeting - Introduce self, guest speakers, role at company
• Thank audience and guest speakers for coming
• Introduce guest speakers, where they are from, what topics they will cover
• What to expect during this webinar, what guests can take away from webinar
• Please hold any and all questions until the end, will have a formal Q&A session
• Review every topic that is going to be covered, which guest speaker will cover topic
• Review how long each topic and segment will take
• Outline entire webinar from beginning to end

Goal And Purpose:

• List all of the benefits of the guest speakers and topics they speak on
• Present the webinar goals and how to plan on achieving them
• Review any expectations for the guests after the webinar is over

Educational Content: 

• Have guest speakers begin their presentations
• Keep track of time to keep conversations flowing
• Be sure to have guest speakers share personal stories

Conclusion and Q&A:

• Once event concludes, begin the recap of any webinar highlights
• Run engagement activity - polls, small quiz, feedback 
• Let audience share something new that they learned, if time allows
• Once the above aspects are completed, begin the Q&A session
• Allow everyone to ask questions, if time allows

Next Steps and Closing:

• Be sure to thank everyone for coming again
• Walk guests through the call-to-action portion
• Once everyone has had a chance to ask questions and move forward to the call-to-action, conclude the webinar with closing remarks
• Any further questions, feel free to reach out via LinkedIn or email

Webinar Template #2: 

Frequently asked questions about webinar scripts.

1. What is a webinar script, and why is it important? ‍

A webinar script is a structured plan that outlines the content and flow of a webinar. It's important because it helps the presenter stay organized, maintain focus, and deliver a clear and engaging presentation.

2. Do I need a script for every webinar, or can I improvise?

While some experienced presenters can improvise effectively, having a script is highly recommended for most webinars to ensure a coherent and well-structured presentation.

3. How do I create an effective webinar script?

To create an effective script, start with a clear outline, define your key points, incorporate engaging content, and ensure a logical flow from start to finish.

4. Should I write my script word-for-word, or is an outline enough?

It depends on your comfort level and the complexity of the content. Some presenters prefer a detailed, word-for-word script, while others find an outline with key talking points more natural and flexible.

5. How can I make my webinar script engaging for the audience?

Incorporate storytelling, audience interaction, visuals, and engaging examples to keep your audience interested and involved throughout the webinar.

6. Can I include humor in my webinar script?

Yes, humor can be effective in engaging your audience, but use it judiciously and ensure it's appropriate for your topic and audience.

7. What's the ideal length for a webinar script?

‍ The ideal length varies based on the webinar's purpose and audience. Generally, webinars range from 30 minutes to 1.5 hours. Ensure your script fits the allotted time without rushing.

8. Can I use a script while conducting live Q&A sessions during the webinar? ‍

While a script is not typically used during Q&A sessions, it's essential to prepare for questions in advance and have key talking points ready to address a variety of queries.

9. How do I handle technical details and transitions in my script?

Include instructions for managing technical aspects like screen sharing, slides, or video clips in your script. Clearly mark transitions to ensure a smooth flow.

10. Can I make changes to my script on the fly during the webinar?

Yes, it's okay to make minor adjustments if needed, but practice and preparation will help you stick to the script and reduce the need for last-minute changes.

11. Are there resources or templates available for creating webinar scripts?

Yes, there are various webinar script templates and resources online that can serve as helpful starting points for structuring your script.

12. How can I practice and refine my webinar script for a polished presentation?

Practice delivering your script multiple times, consider recording yourself, and seek feedback from peers or colleagues to make improvements.

Download Hubilo's Webinar Success Blueprint to get our Essential Planning Checklist for Winning Events

Creating the Perfect Webinar Script Doesn’t Have to Be Hard

Creating a webinar script can help webinar hosts stay on track and stay focused when they’re hosting! You can include every aspect of your webinar on the script to ensure you don’t lose focus. The webinar script can be formal or informal, as long as you have all of the information you need. You can add any notes as needed, and this script can even include times for each segment of the webinar. This helps with keeping the webinar running  in a timely manner, and nobody runs over their allotted time. Guests take time out of their day to attend your webinar, so when you have a script and you stick to it, the webinar can provide the guests with the most information possible in a timely manner!

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How to Write Opening and Closing Webinar Scripts that will Keep Your Audience Hooked

by Maria Bashi · Dec 7, 2021

How many opening or closing webinar scripts have you written only to find that your audience is not interested? Or worse, they are bored and drifting off before you even get halfway through the webinar presentation.

If you’re hosting live or automated webinars , scripting is key to being successful. The creation of opening and closing webinar scripts is one of the most important stages of presentation planning. 

In this article, we’ll cover some tips on the trade that can help make sure your webinar scripts are captivating. 

What’s the Point of Writing a Webinar Opening and Closing Script?

It’s no surprise that even the most experienced professional presenters use webinar scripts. Remember that it’s easy to lose your train of thought if you don’t plan ahead of time, whether it’s due to nerves, enthusiasm, or a question from the audience.

Writing webinar scripts allows you to decide on your webinar’s goal. It’s best to have good webinar script openings even if you know the webinar topic and its important points. And also, conclusions are prepared ahead of time.

Aside from these, there are a few benefits to using a solid webinar script. For starters, a webinar introduction script allows you to make sure you don’t forget anything. It’s important to make sure you have everyone’s attention as soon as possible.

5 Tips to Create Webinar Opening Scripts That Work

Nobody enjoys a dull presentation. You can find a webinar script template that can help you hook and keep your audience.

Before you start composing those words for your next webinar, follow these tips: 

Begin with a welcome greeting and a sense of gratitude

The ideal webinars begin with a warm welcome. Webinar opening script will set the tone. That’s why you should sound friendly and use a conversational tone if possible.

Providing a quick thank you at the start is also a good strategy. Many people thank their guests at the end of the webinar, but it’s just as vital to do so right away. They will feel appreciated and much more likely to watch the entire presentation.

Show them a quick overview of what they’ll learn.

You want your viewers to know what they’ll get when they join your online event. Such an idea is something you should include in your webinar opening script.

Don’t show up unprepared in your webinar slides. If you’re going to have a Q&A section or a survey, make sure your audience is aware of it right immediately. If you don’t, there’s a risk no one will join in your activities, and your audience will become disengaged.

Create a survey

The easiest approach to keep your audience captivated by your webinar content is to interact with them. Don’t forget to ask them questions and then follow up with a survey.

Polls, surveys, and asking for feedback are good methods to help resolve their issues. At the same time, this will assist the guest speaker in resolving any technical issues.

Encourage the sharing of your webinar to other social media platforms.

About half of the world’s population uses social media. Apart from the Q&A, encouraging your audience to contribute their social media ideas is another way to keep them involved. Take that opportunity to ask your audience to share your presentation with the world.

Make them stay.

Even though the audience joined you for the webinar, there’s no guarantee they’ll stay until the finish. Webinar presenters must provide a thorough overview of their credentials. Explain why they should remain until the conclusion.

While there are many important elements to add to your script, you should keep it short and sweet. Make sure you stay on the webinar agenda and topic. Otherwise, your viewers may begin to log off one by one. 

Tips to Creating Webinar Closing Scripts That Work

The introduction of the webinar, like a movie, should lead to a satisfying conclusion. So, besides writing an attractive webinar opening script, you need also to write a compelling ending script.

After all, after watching a solid webinar marketing presentation, 42% of attendees convert. All the finest webinar practices revolve around providing high value and focusing on the audience. 

Here are some tips to end your webinar with audience engagement:

• A strong call to action should be included at the end of your webinar, just as it should be in articles.
• Don’t forget to answer questions that were left unanswered during the webinar.
• A brief list of your main points will assist your attendees in remembering what they learned.
• Let your viewers take the next step you’ve defined for them– whether that’s joining your email list or taking advantage of a limited-time offer.

Start Writing Your Interesting Webinar Script!

Now that you’ve mastered the basic concepts of writing webinar script openings and closings, it’s time to get to work! While also having the correct webinar script is important, other small details can help an automated webinar run smoothly.

Have a fantastic webinar beginning presentation that will captivate your audience from the first to the last word. Consider what makes audience members sit up and pay attention.

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How to Write a Webinar Script [+ Template]

Published: February 05, 2021

Whether or not you enjoy public speaking, I’d bet you don’t like hopping on stage without preparing for a speech or keynote address.

Running through slides, practicing in front of a mirror, or pre-writing a script — whatever type of preparation you prefer, it’s key to calming nerves and delivering an engaging, valuable presentation .

The same goes for a webinar. You and your panelists may be at home and behind a screen, but that doesn’t mean webinars are any less important to prepare for (or that they can be any less nerve-wracking).

To help your preparation and quell your nerves, consider writing a webinar script.

Not only will this guarantee your webinar presenters and panelists stay on topic, but it will also ensure you deliver a relevant, actionable webinar  that doesn’t waste your audience's time.

What is a webinar script?

A webinar script is a pre-written dialogue of what you plan to share and teach during your webinar. At a minimum, your webinar script should include an introduction, an agenda of what you and your panelists plan to discuss, the specific points that your panelists will cover, and a closing call-to-action .

Webinar scripts can also include timing details (to ensure your guests don’t veer off course or take time from another presenter), navigational instructions (such as when to share a screen, direct attendees to a certain website, or at what point certain panelists may join or drop off), and certain terms or discussion points to avoid.

Why write a webinar script?

Webinar scripts are valuable because they help keep your webinar valuable . Without proper planning, it’s easy to lose your train of thought due to nervousness, excitement, or perhaps an audience question.

Writing a script for your webinar ahead of time also allows you to decide on the goal of your webinar. Think:

• What do you want your audience to learn?
• Who do you want to invite to speak that would help teach your audience?
• What actions do you want your audience to take during and after your webinar?

By answering these questions before your webinar (and before you write the script), you can tailor your webinar script and angle its speakers and content to stay focused on these deliverables. You can also share your webinar script with your speakers so they have an idea of the presentation flow.

Let’s say I was teaching a webinar on content marketing. There are so many topics and stories I could share — from freelance writing to building a strategy  to SEO- vs. non-SEO-driven content.

If I sat down to write my webinar content ahead of time, I’d be forced to face how vast (and ambiguous) just “content marketing” is as a topic. Writing the script would require me to hone the purpose and goal of my webinar, which would then inspire my guest panel and subsequent CTA.

Webinar scripts keep your webinar focused, confident, and audience-centric. Finally, webinar scripts can inspire much of your webinar marketing , saving you significant work for writing up emails, social media copy, and promotional blog posts.

How to Write a Webinar Script

In this section, we’ll talk about what to consider when writing your script. I’ll also touch on when you should certainly use a script, and when a webinar script may be more limiting than liberating .

First, open a blank Google Doc or pull out a fresh notebook. Jot down why you want to run a webinar , what some main points or takeaways you want to feature, and any other ideas you may have. You may see a flow begin to form — what points you’ll open with, how to support your takeaways with panelists or research, and where they may be some gaps you can fill with further brainstorming. Consider this your webinar script “outline.”

(I encourage you to do this in a Google Doc versus slide deck as a slide deck will force you to parse up and order your ideas before you’re ready, which can interfere with the brainstorming process.)

Once you have a script outline, you’re ready to start fleshing out the script. Yes , I mean writing verbatim what you plan to say and what points you want to cover—your webinar talk track. If you’ll have panelists on your webinar, encourage them to do the same as it pertains to their sections.

While you can’t script the Q&A section, writing your webinar content ahead of time also allows you to understand what you plan to cover from start to finish. Therefore, if an audience member asks a question about a topic you know you or a guest speaker will be covering later on, you can ask them to wait versus derailing the presentation.

Now, let’s unpack the important components of a webinar script.

1. Webinar Introduction

The webinar introduction sets the stage (albeit digital) for your whole presentation. The introduction script should include a brief introduction of yourself and your business, explain why you’re equipped to teach, and touch on the webinar agenda — including what speakers your audience can expect to see.

Be sure you thank your audience in the introduction, too. If you plan to ask for audience engagement through polls or the webinar chat feature, make note of that for your attendees and briefly explain how they can participate if they so choose.

2. Webinar Agenda

You might’ve touched on the webinar agenda in your introduction, but this section is your chance to explain more of what your audience members will see and learn. You can break up your webinar into sections (e.g., What, Why, How, etc.) or, if you have guest speakers, outline what your speakers will be discussing.

This is also where you can mention how long each section and/or presentation will take, as well as how much time will be left at the end for questions. As I mentioned before, the goal of your webinar script is to keep your presentation on track and avoid wasting your audience’s time — a webinar agenda will do just that.

3. Webinar Goal and Purpose

Next, feature a section that discusses the “why” of your webinar. Perhaps you have a single, punchy sentence that will grab the attention of your audience. Or, you may choose to feature a bulleted list of ways your audience will benefit from the webinar.

However you choose to present your webinar goal or purpose, be sure to script supporting content to discuss during the section or slide. Don’t forget to mention what your audience can expect after  the webinar, too, be it a CTA or bonus for attending.

4. Webinar Educational Content

For your webinar, you may be bringing in panelists, or you may be presenting the webinar alone

If the former applies to your webinar, ask your panelists to script their sections ahead of time and send them over for your review. (You can also provide one of the recommended templates below or share your script as an example.)

If the latter applies, this section is the crux of your webinar script. It contains the valuable, educational information that your audience likely signed up to see . According to how you organized your presentation in the agenda section, develop the talk track for each section — down to the transitions. If you plan to include imagery, engage your audience, or share your screen to demonstrate a concept , make note of these actions in your script.

Don’t forget to incorporate stories and examples in your webinar lessons, as these will help your audience relate your concepts and takeaways to real-life scenarios. If you don’t want your anecdotes to feel too scripted or forced, perhaps make a note where you will tell that story (instead of writing it out word-for-word). This is an example of where a script can limit you.

Tip : If you’ve written blog content about your webinar topic, consider pulling in some of that content and reworking it to fit your lessons and main takeaways.

5. Webinar Conclusion and Q&A

The conclusion to your webinar is crucial; it helps anchor your lessons for your audience and recaps important takeaways. You can also script an engagement activity, such as a short concept quiz or brief feedback session when your attendees can share something new they learned.

This section serves as the TL;DR, so the script should be short and concise, too. After you’ve recapped your presentation, open the floor for questions.

6. Webinar Next Steps and Close

After you and/or your speakers have shared your webinar content and answered any questions, it’s time to wrap up. First, script your closing comments — thanking the audience and sharing any important contact or follow up information.

Then, share the next steps. What would you like your audience to do now that they’ve attended your webinar? Close the webinar presentation with a strong call-to-action and concise instructions on how your audience can follow suit.

Congratulations! You just wrote a webinar script. Now, I have a few final tips for you:

• Write your script as you talk, in a conversational tone and with everyday language. It helps to write the script with full sentences so you don’t get lost in a sea of bullet points or fragmented sentences.
• Practice your script from top to bottom, verbatim. Time yourself to see if the script is too long. Ask your presenters to do the same with their scripts.
• Only when you’ve read your script aloud a few times through should you begin to design your webinar slides. Don’t copy and paste your script to your slides; use the script to inspire important bullets and talking points.

Above, I encouraged you to start with a blank Doc or notebook as a starting point for your webinar script. If you need some help organizing your thoughts and ideas, consider using the following webinar script template as a starting point.

Webinar Script Template

This template serves as an example webinar script — not one to copy and plug the appropriate details. Even if you use this as a starting point, I encourage you to personalize the content to match your presentation, speakers, and audience.

Hello, everyone! Welcome, and thank you for dialing in for our webinar today. My name is [name] and I'm the [role] at [company]. At [company], we help [audience] like you [unique value proposition / product or service mention]. Today, we’ll be discussing [topic] and featuring [speaker], [speaker], and [speaker].

You can expect each speaker to have the floor for about 10 minutes, and we’ll conduct a short Q&A at the end of each session. If you have any questions during the webinar, please type them into the chat window — we’ll address them during the Q&A.

By the end of our time today, we hope you feel more comfortable and confident about [topic]. We’re very passionate about [topic] and have many exciting stories and learnings to share here today. Our goal is to [goal].

We’ll start with [speaker], who will be speaking on [topic]. [speaker] is [details and bio for credibility].

[Insert speaker’s webinar script here when I receive it.]

Thank you, [speaker]! Who has questions for her?

[I read questions from the chat window for the speaker to answer.]

Those are all of our questions. [speaker], anything else you want to touch on before we move onto our next guest?

[All speakers present and take questions.]

Well, that’s all we’ve got for you here today. Thank you for joining [company] to discuss [topic]. We appreciate you signing in and hope you learned [goal].

Before we sign off, I’d love to tell you about [main announcement or call-to-action]. Feel free to reach out to me via email if you’re interested or want to know more. We’ll see you next time!

How much you prepare for your webinar has a direct impact on its quality and benefit to your audience.

Writing a webinar script ahead of time helps you get aligned and focused on your topic, inform your guests of the purpose and flow of your webinar, and practice , practice , practice  until you’re confident in your presentation. Use this guide to help you get started writing your next webinar script.

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How to Write the Perfect Webinar Script Template That You Can Use for Free!

So, you’ve finally decided to run a webinar. What do you want to achieve through your webinar?

Are you looking to educate your webinar attendees on a particular topic? Maybe you want to generate excitement about a new product launch. Or perhaps you’re looking to build buzz around an upcoming event.

Whatever your webinar agenda, it’s crucial to have a well-written webinar script. Doing so will engage your audience, keep them interested, and persuade them to take action. 

But if you’re unsure how to write winning webinar scripts, here’s a guide on writing the perfect webinar script (including a template for your first webinar).

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Define Your Webinar Agenda

You’ve done all the hard work of planning and promoting your webinar. The last thing you want is to write a script that derails all your efforts. How can you make sure your webinar script aligns with your goals?

First, take a step back and define what you want to achieve with your webinar.

Do you want to generate new leads? Increase brand awareness? Boost sales?

Once you have a clear goal, you can start thinking about what kind of content will help you achieve that goal.

For instance, your goal is to generate leads. And so, you’ll ensure your webinar content provides value and attracts new prospects. Meanwhile, focus on education and providing helpful information to build relationships.

Along with taking some time to define your goal, here are some factors to consider:

• Who is your target audience?
• What do you want them to know or learn by the end of the webinar?
• What action do you want them to take as a result of attending?
• What are your themes or topics?
• Who will be speaking or presenting?
• How will your presentation be?
• What format do you want to use (e.g., panel discussion, interview, case study)?
• What technology do you need to deliver the webinar?
• What promotional activities will you undertake to market the event?
• What follow-up will you do after the event is over?

Know Your Webinar Attendees

What makes a webinar successful? Besides delivering quality content, knowing your audience is a must. Only then can you write a script that resonates with them.

Think about who will be attending your webinar. What are their wants and needs? What problems are they looking to solve?

Once you understand your audience, you can start writing your script with them in mind. This way, you can ensure your webinar content is relevant and engaging.

But just a reminder, your webinar doesn’t have to be all business. Inject some personality into your script to make it more enjoyable for your viewers.

Here are some ways to get to know your live webinar audience:

• Understand their needs. Why are they attending your webinar? What do they want to learn or achieve? Understanding their needs will help you tailor your content to them.
• Know their level of knowledge. Are they beginners or experts? This will dictate the level of detail you go into during the live webinar.
• Demographics. Who is signing up for your live webinar? Knowing the age, gender, and location can help you tailor your content to their needs.
• Interests. What other topics are they interested in? Doing so can help you find common ground and connect with your audience.
• Objections. What objections do they have about your topic? Addressing these objections head-on can help build trust and credibility with your audience.

Choose a Webinar Topic

Before you start writing your webinar script, there’s one crucial question to answer: What will your webinar presentation be about?

To select a great webinar topic, choose something relevant and interesting. Remember, the entire webinar will focus on this topic, so it’s essential to choose wisely! 

Not sure where to start? Here are some ideas:

• Share an overview of your latest product or service
• Offer tips and advice on a relevant industry topic
• Host a Q&A session with an expert in your field
• Give a behind-the-scenes look at your business or organization

Regardless of your chosen topic, remember your goal is to provide value to your audience.

With that in mind, take some time to brainstorm and come up with a few ideas for your webinar presentation. 

And once you have a few options, you can narrow down the list and choose the best one for your audience.

Do Your Research

When writing a good webinar script, one important rule: do your research .

Knowing your topic inside out ensures your script is informative and engaging. Of course, this isn’t always easy. 

So here are three main types of research that webinar presenters should conduct:

• Market research. This research will help you understand your target audience and know what they want to hear about in a live webinar.
• Product research. Have a good understanding of the product or service you’ll be promoting. This way, you can ensure your script is accurate and informative.
• Competitor research. Look at what other companies in your industry are doing with their live webinars. Doing so will give you an idea of what’s working well and what you can do differently to stand out from the crowd.

Outline Your Content

Now that you’ve chosen a topic for your webinar, it’s time to start outlining your content. 

What points do you want to cover? What examples will you use? How will you structure your presentation?

Outlining your content may seem tiresome. But by mapping out your points and examples, your presentation will flow smoothly. Plus, you cover all the key issues you want to make.

Apart from that, give some thought to your webinar structure when outlining.

What are the most critical points that you want to cover? How can you break down the information so that it’s easy for people to follow? And what are some creative ways to keep people engaged throughout the entire webinar?

Consider using a mind map or bullet point list to organize your thoughts. Then, flesh out each point with examples and supporting information.

Following that, decide on the best way to present your webinar. Will you use webinar slides, video, or automated webinars?

Write Your Webinar Introduction

You’ve got your webinar all planned out. You know what you’re going to say, and you’re confident your information is valuable.

But how do you write a webinar introduction that will catch people’s attention? What should you write to make them want to stick around for the rest of your presentation?

A good introduction script has three components: the hook , story , and preview .

Bonus: Webinar Script Template for Introduction

Here’s an example template you can use to get your audience excited about what’s to come.

Welcome, everyone! My name is [name], and you’ll learn all about [content] in this webinar. We’ll cover topics such as [topic 1], [topic 2], and [topic 3].

By the end of the presentation, you’ll have a better understanding of [topic]. Plus, you’ll gain knowledge of the tools you need to [uses and benefits]. 

So whether you’re a beginner or an expert, I hope you’ll join me for this exciting learning opportunity!

Share Personal Stories and Examples

People love stories. That’s why stories are perfect for communicating information and engaging your audience.

And when it comes to webinars, stories can be a perfect way to illustrate your point. That said, provide context for your topic or add a personal touch.

Of course, not every story is perfect for every situation. But with creativity, you can usually find a way to weave a story into your webinar content.

To get you started, here are two sample templates for relatable stories:

Webinar Script Template #1: The “[Your Name] Story”

Hi, my name is [name], and just like you, I used to struggle with [insert issue]. I was trying everything to solve it, but nothing seemed to work.

That all changed when I discovered [insert solution]. Now, I’m finally able to [insert positive outcome]. And I want to help you achieve the same thing!

Webinar Script Template #2: The “Before and After”

Before discovering [insert solution], my life was a total mess. I was constantly [insert negative outcome]. But then, everything changed when I found out about [insert solution]. 

Now, I’m able to [insert positive result]. And I can’t wait to help you do the same!

Insert Engaging Content

When it comes to webinars, audience engagement is essential! If you want your audience to stick around until the end, ensure your webinar is enticing from start to finish.

One great way to engage your audience is to use interactive content. It could be anything from a poll or Q&A session to a multimedia presentation.

Bonus: Webinar Script Template for a Q&A session

And here’s some way to do a Q&A session.

Hi, my name is [name], and I’ll be moderating the Q&A session today. First, I want to thank everyone for joining us. We’re excited to answer your questions about [topic]. But before we start, I want to go over a few ground rules.

First, please wait for me to call you before asking your question. Second, please keep your questions brief so we can get through as many as possible. Lastly, we’ll follow up with you after the webinar if we don’t have time to answer your question during the Q&A session.

Thanks again for joining us. And I’ll now turn it over to [speaker], who will begin by answering some of the most frequently asked questions.

End with a Strong Call-to-Action and Conclusion

As you come to the end of your presentation, leave your audience with a strong impression. Summarize your main points and remind your attendees of your goal.

Then, have a solid call to action. It could be asking them to attend your next event or buy your product. Whatever it is, make sure it’s something that will benefit both you and them.

Also, thank them for their time and attention, and let them know how they can stay in touch with you.

Bonus: Webinar Script Template for Closing Remarks

Thanks so much for attending today’s webinar! I hope you found it informative and useful. Now, I’d like to invite you to take the next step and learn more about [topic of your webinar].

I have a special offer for all attendees who sign up for my next webinar— [include CTA here]. Register now, and you’ll also get access to my exclusive resource library.

Thanks again for joining me today, and I look forward to seeing you in the next webinar!”

See? Now, end your webinar on a strong note and help your audience remember your message.

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5 Strategies for Delivering the Best Closing Remarks

• Carolyn Manion Kinnie
• November 2, 2023

Table of Contents

Delivering a keynote speech is an exhilarating responsibility. It is up to you to set or reiterate the tone for an entire event, inspiring a potentially massive audience. This is no small feat–especially when done in less than an hour, under blinding lights, when you have just hopped off a plane. What’s one foolproof way to ensure you make a difference and achieve all the goals of your keynote? Prepare the best closing remarks possible. 

In this piece we’re going to give you five implementable strategies you can use to nail your closing remarks every time you speak. And before you ask “what are closing remarks? Why do they matter?” Rest assured, we’ve got you covered. 

Keep these tips in your back pocket next time you’re preparing a speech and get ready to leave your audience inspired and motivated to put your words into action. 

What are closing remarks? 

Haven’t heard the term “closing remarks” before and are wondering what the heck it means? Are you confused by how we’re using those words? Let’s get a few things straight. 

“Closing remarks” generally refers to one of two things: 1) the concluding section of a talk, or 2) the speech that ends an event or conference. In this piece, we’re talking about closing remarks in the context of #1– the last part of your speech before you walk off stage (or take questions). But if you landed here because you’re delivering “closing remarks” (the final talk) at a big event coming up, our strategies will help you write amazing closing remarks for your closing remarks! 

In short, we’re talking today about how you wrap up your talk. You might be thinking that how you open your talk is the most important part of the composition and preparation process–after all, you want to make a good first impression . Important as those first few words you utter on stage may be, closing remarks are arguably even more important. In fact, TSL podcast guest Shane Sams even recommends writing your closing remarks before you write the rest of your speech! Listen to his appearance on our podcast here and check out other episodes of the show right here.

Closing remarks are the last words your audience hears from you, so it’s important to a) maintain audience engagement and b) say something actually worth listening to. According to our founder Grant Baldwin, every good talk answers two questions– so what? and now what? With the five strategies we’re giving you today, you’ll be prepared to answer those questions in your closing remarks in a way that successfully sticks in your listeners’ brains! 

1. Close open loops

Opening and closing loops throughout your talk is a great way to maintain your audience’s attention. Opening a loop means raising a question in your audience’s mind. This draws them into your talk as they listen for an answer to that question. Resolving the question later on “closes the loop” and voila! They’ve been paying close attention that whole time! 

Opening and closing loops doesn’t have to be perfectly linear. If you have three or four open loops, your audience will probably be able to follow along if you close one and open another. But if you close one and open ten before you close another, you’ll lose them. Think of it like browser tabs–if you have too many open, you forget what they are!

Most of the time, you will open and close small loops to illustrate supporting points throughout your talk. You will also likely open a couple big overarching loops at the start of your talk. Things like “what’s the point of this industry trend” or “this is the most pertinent challenge to our profession.” Your closing remarks are the perfect time to close those loops to tightly wrap up your talk. Closing open loops reminds your audience of the points you made at the beginning (when you opened the loop) and offers resolution. Ideally, they are left secure in the new information they have acquired and excited to implement it!

An example of closing remarks aligned with this strategy could go something like this. You start your talk with “I’m going to tell you a crazy story today.” Your audience perks up, excited for the story. Then, you dive into the overall content and message of your talk. Then, you drive your point home at the end with the story you referenced at the beginning (see section #3 for more tips on storytelling in closing remarks)

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2. Give implementable solutions. 

In TSL founder Grant Baldwin’s book The Successful Speaker, he gives a few examples of different structures you can use to create your talk. One of those structures involves presenting a problem and offering the solution. If you structure your talk this way, closing remarks that package up the solution to a problem will come naturally. But even if your talk is structured differently–perhaps it’s a linear exposition of new information or a step-by-step presentation–offering solutions as you close could be the way to go. 

Your closing remarks are the last thing your audience hears from you. If you’re giving the final keynote, it’s the last thing they hear at the entire event. This means they should contain the most important information in your talk. If you give your audience a lot of information, they will be left wondering: “how do I implement what I just heard?” Don’t leave them hanging! Give them some solid implementable steps to take once they leave the auditorium so your talk isn’t just empty words. 

For example of closing remarks that eloquently showcase this strategy, look no further than the esteemed speaker Mel Robbins. In her famous TED talk “ How to Stop Screwing Yourself Over ,” Mel closes with ideas for how her audience can practice her “5-second rule” at the upcoming cocktail hour. 

In general, it’s wise to offer long-term solutions as well as short-term ideas as Mel does. If you can equip your audience with the tools to fix their problems not just now, but far into the future, you are adding incredible value to your lives. And speakers who add value are the ones who get booked and paid to speak again and again. 

You can listen to an in-depth speech breakdown of Mel’s talk by TSL founder Grant Baldwin here . 

3. Tell a Story

Storytelling is one of the most compelling tools in any speaker’s toolkit. Stories about yourself are especially powerful. Even if you haven’t lived a very exciting life, when you tell a personal story it comes alive for your audience in a special way. If you have a powerful story that illustrates the point you’re trying to make, it deserves a spot in your closing remarks.  

It’s actually scientifically proven that people pay more attention to stories . If a few eyes have glazed over during the course of your talk, telling a story is a great way to bring those lost sheep back into the fold. If your field uses a lot of jargon or you have been presenting data, charts, and numbers, a story lightens the mood while conveying important information.  

When you close your talk with a story, you should give a one-liner explanation of how it relates to your point. (If you’re positive that the story speaks for itself, get outside feedback from friends and family first to confirm this.) Otherwise, listeners might get caught up in the details and remember the story but not your message. As we mentioned above, using a story to close a final open loop is a great way to release tension and give your audience closure. You can listen to our founder Grant chat with Mike Pacchione about these storytelling tips and more here . 

4. End with a quote

Ending your talk with a quote can be tricky. You don’t want to bore your audience with something they’ve heard a million times, nor do you want to distract them from your message with an obscure quote that they struggle to remember. However, If someone else has said something that coordinates with your message, why reinvent the wheel? 

Many motivational speakers use quotes to their advantage in their closing remarks. J.K. Rowling’s Harvard Commencement Speech in 2005 is a great example of utilizing a famous quote without going off track. One of the overarching themes of her speech is the concept of human goodness and the urge to better the lives of others. As she draws to a close, she cites the Roman author Seneca: “As is a tale, so is life: not how long it is, but how good it is, is what matters.” Then, just in case her point isn’t obvious, she ends with: “I wish you all very good lives.” 

You don’t have to be delivering a Harvard Commencement Speech to integrate a powerful quote into your closing remarks. If somebody’s words helped teach you the same lesson you’re trying to teach your audience, by all means share them!

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5. Sell yourself

It might sound tacky, but the closing remarks of your talk are a great opportunity to pitch other services you offer, like coaching, consulting, and courses. Yes, you can even pitch your speaking business. Selling yourself onstage is vital to getting new clients during the scrappy and ambitious stage of your speaking career. 

This tactic is assuredly dependent upon the context of your talk, and you should always check with your event planner before making a sales pitch. 

Selling yourself falls flat if you haven’t offered any value. But you can’t pack all your expertise into a one-hour keynote. Your talk should be able to stand on its own while leaving the most ambitious and inspired listeners wanting more. The value you can add might be enough for some audience members, but you can encourage others to reach out or talk to you afterward to learn more about how you can continue helping them! 

We have two great podcast episodes on how to sell yourself as a speaker here and here .

As you prepare and rehearse your speech, keep in mind that you may have to do a little improv once in a while. Yes, even for your closing remarks. Whether you run out of time or have to fill extra time, stay on top of your ability to improvise and keep these five tips in mind. For example, if you offer a strong solution to a pertinent challenge in your industry but realize you have to fill a few more minutes, you can tell a story of how you overcame that challenge using that exact solution. Alternatively, if you find yourself running out of time, you can make a pitch for joining your email list or hiring you as a coach to find out more information (again, only do this after adding value). 

Ultimately, using one or a combination of these five strategies will ensure that your closing remarks really stick with your audience. If you need help crafting your next speech, get in touch with us here .

Closing remarks make up the conclusion to your talk. It’s where everything comes together and you reiterate the overarching message.  

What is the best closing remarks strategy? 

The best closing remarks are those that leave your audience empowered to apply your talk to their own lives. You can do that by closing thematic loops that you opened earlier in your speech, offering implementable solutions, leaving your audience with an inspiring quote, telling a story, or letting them know about your other professional services. 

What are examples of closing remarks?

J.K. Rowling’s 2005 Harvard Commencement Speech and Mel Robbins’s TED talk offer great examples of closing remarks that use these strategies. 

• Last Updated: February 29, 2024

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How to Conclude a Seminar or Workshop

Wrapping up and concluding a workshop or seminar can be difficult. After a day or more of learning, questions, and discussions it is hard to sum things up in just a few minutes, while at the same time ending with impact and excitement.

Why Are Closing Remarks for a Seminar Important?

How you conclude a seminar is important because it provides the opportunity to recap the main points of your presentation. The audience is able to review your seminar mentally and leave with a lasting effect. Closing remarks can also end your presentation on a high note, encouraging your audience to improve upon the subject you taught.

After summarizing the information, a final closing remark, such as a quote or thank you, can let the audience know your presentation is over. Some examples of a closing remark would be:

• Thank you for being here today, I wish you all a good evening.
• It was an honor to present my perspective here today, thank you for taking the time to listen. Have a great day.
• Let me end by saying . . . (include a call to action, express your gratitude, or end on a note of excitement for the topic you discussed)

When conducting a leadership skills session, strategic management workshop, or team training seminar , here are a few ways to be sure you conclude seminars and workshops effectively and end on an encouraging note.

1. Summarize the training by restating the main points.

As you start to conclude a seminar, make sure to clarify the main points. This will tie back in what specific points you want your audience to leave with, and be a quick way for them to connect the whole of your training workshop.

2. Review the objectives and highlight how they have been met.

When you start a training workshop , it’s likely that you created several learning objectives you wanted to teach. Make sure that your workshop includes elements that will enable your audience to learn and have the skills available to enact on the objectives. At the conclusion, point out these new skills and how they’re applicable to the audience.

3. Provide time for participants to create action plans and set goals for applying the training topics.

Once the objectives have been taught, and you showed the participants how to make them applicable, now it’s important to set aside time for implementation. Let your participants write down action plans and goals. Invite them to share, and have a few examples of your own prepared. This will make your objectives more valuable and relevant to each individual.

4. Use humor to end the training session on a positive note.

Humor can be a lighthearted way to conclude a seminar. It can revive the audience’s attention, and show that even though a training session is a serious matter, the whole of it can be a fun experience.

Here is a humorous way David Peoples from IBM frequently closes his presentations: “I fully realize that I have not succeeded in answering all your questions. Indeed, I feel I have not answered any of them completely. The answers I have found only serve to raise a whole new set of questions, which only leads to more problems. To sum it all up, I feel we are just as confused as ever in some ways, but I believe we are confused at a higher level and about more important things.”

5. Conclude the seminar with a quote.

Ending with a quote is also an impactful way to conclude a seminar. Read through the following famous examples for inspiration:

• Confucius said in 451 B.C. “What I hear, I forget; what I see, I may remember; but what I do, I understand.”
• Another great quote that is recommended is by C.S. Lewis, “A man with an experience is never at the mercy of a man with an argument.”
• To show how a training is a wise investment for mental growth, use Benjamin Franklin’s quote, “For the best return on your money, pour your purse into your head.”
• Henry Ford, who is a well-known inventor your audience will likely be familiar with, also touched on learning here, “Anyone who stops learning is old, whether at twenty or eighty. Anyone who keeps learning stays young.”

Adapted from: Robert W. Pike, Creative Training Techniques Handbook.

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Closing Remarks and Adjourn

Janine Austin Clayton, M.D.

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Research Forum Brief | January 2024

Research forum closing remarks and announcements, share this page.

Presented by Ashley Llorens at Microsoft Research Forum, January 2024

“As the path from research to reality continues to speed up, we remain committed to openly sharing the latest, and coming together to make sense of where we are and where we’re headed.” – Ashley Llorens, VP and Distinguished Scientist, Microsoft

Ashley Llorens , VP and Distinguished Scientist, Microsoft

Microsoft Research Forum, January 30, 2024

ASHLEY LLORENS: As AI accelerates, it’s more important than ever that we engage across disciplines, organizations, and geographies. Last fall, we issued a call for proposals for MSR’s first-ever AI & Society Fellows program. Through this investment, we aim to create deep interdisciplinary collaborations to help maximize the value of AI for people and society. Today we’re thrilled to announce our first cohort of fellows. Here’s more about the program and one of the research challenges we’ll be pursuing.

[Beginning of presentation on AI & Society Fellows program] 

HANNA WALLACH, Microsoft Research New York: AI is everywhere. Companies all over the tech industry are pivoting to AI-first strategies, and it kind of feels like literally everyone is talking about large language models at the moment. MSR is launching a new AI & Society Fellows program that’s intended to bring together people from within and outside of Microsoft.  

[Slide on research challenges the program focuses on, including intersection of creatives, AI, and society; regulatory innovation for AI drug development; and responsible AI in practice] 

DANIELA MASSICETI, Microsoft Research Cambridge UK, 2024 AI & Society principal investigator working on reducing the digital divide of generative AI in the Global South: Our team at Microsoft Research has been deeply studying how well multimodal models will work for blind and low-vision communities when we start to integrate these models into visual-assistive technologies. So what I’m really excited about with this fellowship with Ishtiaque is that it will allow us to extend our understanding to how well these multimodal models will work not only in a new part of the world—in this case, in Bangladesh, which is broadly considered a country in the Global South—but also to a new community—in this case, to artists and designers who are using these generative image models in their day-to-day work. 

SYED ISHTIAQUE AHMED, University of Toronto, 2024 AI & Society fellow: I’m excited because this project will help me to bring the benefits of artificial intelligence to my own people back in Bangladesh, some of the communities who have been historically marginalized. I’m also excited because this project will allow me to work with some of the finest researchers in the world in Microsoft Research.  

MASSICETI: Ishtiaque is already deeply embedded with this community of Bangladeshi artists and designers, having already led some really culturally sensitive ethnographic work with this community, and so I think this expertise and background that he brings will really help us drive this fellowship work forward and deepen our understanding of how these multimodal models will need to work in order to be truly useful to diverse communities in the Global South. 

ISHTIAQUE AHMED: The modern text-to-image tools like DALL-E or Midjourney, they work on a huge database of images which are mostly sourced from the Western world, so the output image looks like a Western image. So when a person from the Global South tries to use these models for producing an image in their context, these models do not actually produce good results. The objective of this project is to find out where exactly the system is broken and how we can come up with a better technology with the local people to fix the system so that these people can get the benefits of this artificial intelligence.  

MASSICETI: Microsoft Research is specifically well placed to work on this quest because it has the multidisciplinarity that is required to answer these complex questions that span sociotechnical and socioeconomic issues. In fact, researchers at the Microsoft Africa Research Institute and the Microsoft Research India lab are already leading the charge in this space with their current work looking at models like GPT-4 and how they work with low-resourced African and Asian languages. And finally, working with Microsoft, there is the real potential for your research to really shape and influence products and services that are then used by millions of people around the world. 

Learn about all of our 2024 AI & Society fellows and research challenges > (opens in new tab)

[End of presentation on AI & Society Fellows program] 

LLORENS : Foundation models are driving a fundamental shift in how research is done—in AI, across the sciences, and in just about every domain of application. Through our Accelerate Foundation Models Research program, we issue grants that make leading models, hosted through Microsoft Azure, accessible to academic research teams.

To date, our grants are supporting nearly 200 projects across 80 research institutions around the world. These projects include work in AI model innovation and evaluation, responsible AI, health, AI for scientific discovery, and more. You can learn more about the projects and researchers doing this important work at the link below.

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Closing Remarks for Presentations (in 2024) with Tips & Examples

Last updated on February 25th, 2024

Two aspects of a speech or presentation hold immense importance to ensure that you are able to leave a lasting impact on your audience, i.e. the opening and closing remarks. Using the right words can help you leave on a high note and needless to say, failing to do so can make your presentation forgettable and in some cases, regrettable.

How to End a Speech? Sample Closing Remarks and Tips for Presentations

The type of closing remarks you add to your presentation will depend upon the environment, the topic of the speech and the kind of audience you are addressing to. Let’s take a look at some sample closing remarks that you can use, along with some basic tips for concluding your presentation in an appropriate manner. You can use these examples below for inspiration, to learn how to end a speech.

Example of Formal Closing Remarks

You might want to end your presentation formally with comments like these:

• It’s been a pleasure being with all of you today, thank you.
• Thank you all for your patience, I wish you all a very good evening. Good Bye.
• It’s been an honor to be among such accomplished individuals and to be able to present my perspective before you all, thank you and good evening/day.
• Thank you all for being here today and taking the time to patiently listen to what I had to say, I wish you all a blessed day.

Below is an example of a formal closing remark by Bill Gates at the Harvard Commencement.

FREE PowerPoint Templates for Presentations Download presentation templates with attractive designs, layouts and styles. Thousands of slides & templates to choose from.

Funny Closing Remarks

You can also add a touch of humor to make things more interesting with a closing remark like these:

• “It is finally time to end the excruciating pain I have all given you, time to get some caffeine! Thank you!”
• “It’s been a pleasure torturing you all with convoluted statistics and wordy speeches, have a great day!”
• “Now that we have that out of the way, time for me to get back home before my parents ground me!”
• “I hope you were all unable to understand anything I said! Confused? Good! Have a good day”

Note: Such a closing remark might be suitable where you have been able to keep your audience laughing throughout the presentation session and the audience might be in the right mood to receive such a remark in a lighthearted manner.

Even when you crack a joke, make sure to follow it up with a formal comment like ‘Thank You’, ‘Good Bye’, ‘Good Evening’ or ‘Have a Great Day’. Say it with a smile, to make sure you don’t look rude or the audience does not misunderstand you in anyway.

While the below comment by Will Ferrell wasn’t a closing remark but it serves as a good example as to how you can end your presentation with some humor.

The presenter can support the close of the presentation with some visual slides. The thank you slides provided by SlideModel for example can be a good fit for this purpose. Read the full review from fixthephoto.com.

Tips for Adding Closing Remarks to Your Presentations

There are a number of ways by which you can add closing remarks to your presentations. Below are some methods you can use for leaving a major impact on the hearts and souls of your audience.

1. Adding closing remarks with the conclusion

This can be done to closely knit your conclusion with a closing remark which might inspire your audience. Crafting a compelling conclusion is an art in itself; understanding how to conclude a project effectively can be essential for creating a lasting impact. This tip is especially useful when drafting an effective conclusion for project.

2. Keeping the closing remarks separate from the conclusion

Sometimes it’s best to keep your closing remarks aside from the conclusion to avoid confusing the audience. This might be suitable when your closing remarks are meant to stand out apart from your conclusion. For example, your conclusion might be neutral but your closing remarks might provide your perspective on the topic and what you think is the best course of action.

3. Closing remarks and a summary of your presentation

When your closing remarks are closely tied to your conclusion/summary, you can use this method. Summarizing information can help the audience gather their thoughts and be reminded of essential aspects of your presentation, followed by a closing remark which resonates with the summarized content. You can effectively summarize your presentation by utilizing an online summarizer. A text summarizer can help to encompass the main points of your presentation and tie your closing remarks.

4. Using amazing facts to inspire your audience

This can be a very handy approach, i.e. to use a mind boggling fact to inspire the audience and to direct them towards your preferred opinion.

5. Call to action

Almost every type of presentation has a call to action. It is unlikely that a presenter in some way or the other will not be encouraging the audience to act, be it a sales presentation, motivational speech or a presentation about social issues. It could be as simple as adding a QR Code that links to your  digital business card , thereby giving them an opportunity to contact you.

6. Reiterate Your Main Message

Your closing remarks should reinforce the main message or takeaway from your presentation. This helps in embedding the core idea in your audience’s mind, reminding them of what you want them to remember most.

7. Create an Emotional Connection

Closing remarks that tap into emotions can leave a lasting impression. A touching story, an inspiring quote, or a call to personal action can help create this emotional resonance, making your presentation more memorable.

8. Ensure Clarity and Brevity

While crafting your closing remarks, remember to keep them concise and clear. Avoid using jargon or complex sentences, and aim for straightforward language that your audience can easily comprehend.

9. End with a Call to Action

If applicable, give your audience something to do after your presentation. Whether it’s visiting a website, reading a book, or making a change in their life, a call to action gives your audience a practical next step. You can use the Call-To-Action to end your speech. Pro Tip: Do not forget to add your phone number and business email address as a part of your call to action.

10. Thank Your Audience

It’s always polite and effective to thank your audience in your closing remarks. Showing appreciation for their time and attention helps to foster a positive relationship and leaves a favorable impression. Use Thank you slides when you end your presentation.

11. Use Visual Aids

To enhance your closing remarks, consider using visual aids such as slides or infographics. These can summarize your main points, reinforce your message, and make your remarks more engaging and impactful.

12. Practice Delivery

Your closing remarks aren’t just about what you say, but also how you say it. Practice your slideshow and the presentation delivery to ensure you convey your message with confidence and clarity. Consider your tone, pace, and body language, as these can significantly affect your audience’s perception of your remarks. You can use tools like the Presentation Coach to rehearse your presentation.

Final words

We hope it will help you deliver a memorable presentation by ending it with proper closing remarks. Make sure that your audience feels satisfied after hearing the end of your speech. Ending on an optimistic note may leave a lasting impression on them, which is what matters the most in such professional events like interviews and presentations.

About Farshad

IT professional, communications specialist and Blogger!

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38 Top Opening and Closing Remarks for Meetings

You found our list of opening and closing remarks for meetings .

Opening and closing remarks for meetings are statements that introduce and wrap up workplace get-togethers. The purpose of these remarks is to set the tone of the subject matter and summarize topics covered during the meeting. Examples of opening and closing remarks for meetings include quick welcomes to attendees, announcements explaining the reason for the meeting, and conclusions that wrap up the content covered.

Utilizing opening and closing remarks is among the top public speaking tips for employees . You can use conference jokes or conference quotes as your opening or closing remarks. These icebreaker jokes are a great addition to your conference agenda .

This list includes:

• short opening remarks for a meeting
• opening remarks for a virtual meeting
• chairman opening remarks in a meeting
• opening remarks for a seminar
• sample closing remarks for a meeting
• sample closing remarks for an event
• simple closing remarks

Here we go!

Short opening remarks for a meeting

• Welcome, everyone. Thank you for taking the time to attend our meeting this morning. This meeting will address some announcements we think you will find interesting. We have a lot to cover, so we will get started without further ado.
• Good morning, folks. We appreciate you blocking out your calendar so we can discuss some important topics with you. We promise to get through this as quickly as possible so you can get back to your day.
• Hey, everyone! Great to see so many shining faces in the room, especially for the early hour! Apologies for calling this meeting on such short notice. We have some significant announcements to make, so we will get right to it.
• Hi, team. Thank you for making an effort to be here today. Some serious developments occurred over the weekend, and we wanted to inform you of the details before you heard any worrisome rumors. Here is everything we can tell you so far.
• Hello, all! Glad you could make it on such short notice. We have some exciting news to share, and we just could not wait to spill the beans! Rather than wasting any time, we can get right to the good stuff.
• Good afternoon. Thanks for making time to be here today. As you know, we hit some important milestones this week. We thought sharing the success and discussing what comes next would be helpful. Away we go!
• Greetings, everybody! Here we are at another super exciting monthly meeting, our chance to share the highs and lows we all have been through since the last time we met. Would anyone like to get things started for us?
• Well, hey there! It has been a long time since our last meeting. We have all been quite busy, as you know. We have a lot to catch up on, so how about we jump right in and get started?

Opening remarks for a virtual meeting

• Good morning to everyone on our video call today. We have participants joining today from locations all over the world. Before we get started, we would like to take a moment to share our appreciation for everyone lining up their schedules across the time zones in this way. We understand how difficult it was to coordinate this meeting so all major stakeholders could attend. We promise to make it worth your while. If anyone on the call knows of a colleague who cannot attend, please feel free to share our discussion with them when you can. You should have a meeting deck in your email to help you follow along. Feel free to open it, and we will get started.
• Cyberteam: Assemble! Cheers to our remote crew, tuning in from the various workspaces around town and throughout the country. It is truly incredible that technology allows us to get together, even if only in digital form. You may have heard about some developments across several departments. We will address those topics and field any questions or concerns you may have. We will also discuss future developments in as much detail as possible. Much of what we will cover is still in the works, so we do not have as much information for you as we would like. However, we promise to do our best to get you up to speed and keep you informed as we learn more.
• Good afternoon, team. You may have seen the email announcing our new project calendar. This timeline includes tasks spanning multiple teams, so we have a coordinated effort. We wanted to get everyone on a call to brainstorm ways to approach our rollout of various tasks. Depending on the needs, you may find your name on multiple lists, or you may not appear on any lists. Our hope is to distribute the work as fairly as possible among the team to minimize potential overload. Because you are the players involved, we want you to have a say in how we assemble the list.
• Hello, everyone. Thank you for firing up your cameras and getting online this morning. We have a few special announcements to go over as well as updates on items we left in limbo during our last meeting. We also have a special guest joining us today. This guest speaker has information about making the most of your remote work experience. I know we have discussed workplace wellness in the past, and I thought we should hear from an expert on the subject. They will hop on for the last 30 minutes, which gives us the first 30 minutes to cover everything else. I will dive right in so we can have time for Q&A before our guest appears.
• Hey, crew! We have gotten away from our meeting schedule as of late, and for a good reason. Great job on catching up on the backlog! Now that we are ahead of the curve again, I would like us to pick back up on our semi-monthly schedule to stay informed in a more unified setting. I think it is also a good idea for us to see one another’s shining faces every so often so we can remember what we all look like! More sincerely, our remote team needs face-to-face interaction, which is what these meetings are all about. I will put new items on our calendars to keep us on track through the end of the year.

Chairman opening remarks in a meeting

• I am pleased to be speaking to all of you today. As the leader of this board, it is my duty to bring us together when necessary. This task can be challenging, considering our other obligations. I would like us to take this opportunity to review developments that occurred since our last meeting and cover several lingering action items.
• Good morning, fellow board members. It is a privilege to address you all this afternoon for such a fortunate occasion. It is not often that the board has the opportunity to honor the accomplishments of its own members. Today, we will celebrate the successes of a long-standing trustee who has reached the pinnacle of personal and professional achievement. Before we start, please join me in welcoming our esteemed member with a round of applause.
• Thank you all for attending. As chairman, I would like to begin this meeting by reviewing the minutes from our last session before covering our new agenda. You all know how quickly the new corporate strategy is unfolding. We have a growing list of issues to address, so we should get started.
• I would like to extend a warm welcome to all in attendance today. As your newly appointed chairman, I think it best to begin this meeting by introducing myself and explaining my background before having each member do the same. Once introductions are complete, we will review the charter and attend to any new business.

Opening remarks for a seminar

• Welcome, everyone, and thank you for being with us today. For those who may not know, this seminar is our opportunity to share our latest developments and explain how this progress will lead us into our next phase. We have laid out a roadmap that puts us on solid footing the whole way through. We are eager to share the details and get your input on what improvements we can make. As key stakeholders in the business, your viewpoints count as much as anyone on the team. We hope you feel comfortable sharing your thoughts.
• There are few moments in which our group can assemble for a subject as important as improving our culture. We feel the need is critical enough to halt operations and bring us all together. This company remains dedicated to the well-being of every employee, but dedication means nothing without action. We have created a seminar-style meeting that presents information intended to help make the most of your experience in the workplace. This is your space, after all, and we will do all we can to create an enriching culture for all of us.
• I can think of few workplace developments less stressful than learning new software. Unfortunately, we have outgrown our old platform and have no choice but to move to a bigger and better model. After a great deal of deliberation, we have chosen a package that will make your current work much easier while also accommodating future growth. To get a head start on learning, we have put together this seminar with a representative from the software company. This speaker will provide an overview of the system and its functions before going into detail about how each feature fits in with our current system. Please feel free to ask questions and share your insight as we proceed.

Sample closing remarks for a meeting

• We have covered a lot of material in a short time. If you need more details, you can schedule one-on-one time with your supervisors, who will have additional information shortly. Please write down any questions that arise so you can get answers and feel settled about our next steps.
• I hope you enjoyed our brainstorming session. We are off to a great start and should have a great second meeting. I will add an item to the calendar to continue with our planning phase. If everyone will kindly send me their notes, then I will create a master folder we can all access. I will also email today’s meeting minutes out so we can create a living document as we go. More to come!
• As you can understand, this meeting is only a first step. We will continue business as usual until we receive further word about new developments. Once we know more about the acquisition, we will put together another meeting for updates. You may have questions and concerns before then, which you may discuss with your manager, of course. To avoid creating unnecessary anxiety, we would ask that you refrain from speculating on details we have yet to disclose. I appreciate your cooperation.
• I hope you can all agree that it is important for our team to spend quality time together outside of our usual tasks. These team building meetings are a perfect forum for showing off other sides of our personalities and connecting in fun and exciting ways. This meeting is the first of many! To ensure everyone feels a sense of ownership, I would like you all to send me your ideas for events we can include in future meetings. If you know of any games or icebreaker activities we should include, please send me a note or drop by my office to chat. The more input we have, the better variety of activities we can draw from.

Sample closing remarks for an event

• We hope you enjoyed attending our event as much as we enjoyed putting it together. As always, we are ready to assist our clients in any way possible. If you have concerns after you head out, please get in touch with your account manager or a supervisor and let us know how we can help. We truly appreciate serving you and cannot wait to see where we go together next. Thank you for coming!
• Thank you for coming to our get-together. We know breaking away from your busy day can be challenging, and we do not take it for granted. That said, it is always great to see our team come together for time away from the daily grind! We would not be able to do what we do without you. You are all integral to this organization’s success, and we are grateful to have you.
• We have come a long way since the last time we were all together. The organization has grown considerably, and we know more growth will come. We hope we have clarified what comes next for this company and how we intend to achieve our goals. The agenda may seem ambitious, but we have no doubt that the people in this room are the right people to make the effort successful. Thank you, as always, for your continued support and dedication to our cause. We hope to see you again next time.
• Before we all head out, I would like to thank everyone who showed up tonight. You really came through and made this event a smashing success! I would also like to give a shout-out to our event team, who put together everything from decorations to catering without falling behind on their daily tasks. This team is phenomenal, and the credit for such a winning event goes to them. Please join me in showing our appreciation for all they have done.

Simple closing remarks

• Thank you all for coming. Enjoy the rest of your day!
• This meeting went quicker than expected, so I will give you 30 minutes back.
• Apologies for this meeting taking longer than scheduled. I appreciate you taking the extra time needed to finish up.
• If you have any questions after the meeting, please feel free to come to my office.
• Anyone needing more information can reach out to the contacts listed on the calendar item for this meeting.
• We have much more to discuss, so I will schedule a follow-up meeting for a week from now.
• As you can see, we have some serious challenges ahead of us. But I know that our usual team spirit will help us rise to the occasion.
• This topic is highly sensitive, so we ask that you treat it with the proper discretion.
• As a thank-you for your time and attention, there are treats in the breakroom. Feel free to drop by and grab a few!
• You all put the “dream” in “dream team.” Thank you for your incredible effort and amazing output during such a demanding time!

Preparing opening and closing remarks will provide definitive starting and ending points for your meetings. You can set the tone while alerting attendees to the main topic as well as sharing a list of agenda items. These remarks also create an opportunity to open your meeting with a warm welcome and close on a note of gratitude and encouragement.

Next, read about virtual workshop ideas and virtual brainstorming ideas , and team meeting tips .

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FAQ: Opening and closing remarks for meetings

Here are answers to some frequently asked questions about opening and closing remarks for meetings.

What are opening and closing remarks for meetings?

Opening and closing remarks for meetings are introductions and conclusions that bring a sense of organization to your agenda. You can use opening remarks to announce the topic of your meeting, while closing remarks will provide a wrap-up and alert attendees to any follow-up meetings or actions needed.

Why are good opening and closing remarks important?

Good opening remarks are important because they set the tone for the meeting, set goalposts, and keep listeners engaged. Similarly, good closing statements summarize essential topics, establish goals for future sessions, and provide calls to action.

What are some good opening statements for meetings?

Some options for good opening remarks include quick reasons for the meeting and brief rundowns of topics you will cover. Choosing an opener that matches the tone of the topics you want to address is essential.

How do you create good closing remarks for meetings?

Preparing good closing remarks can be as simple as reiterating information already covered and assigning the next steps. Additionally, these remarks should leave meeting attendees with a sense of understanding and accomplishment. Examples of some good closing remarks include thank yous to workers for attending, confirmations of the following steps, and reminders of follow-up items.

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Integrity in Scientific Research: Creating an Environment That Promotes Responsible Conduct (2002)

Chapter: 7 concluding remarks and recommendations.

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

7 Concluding Remarks and Recommendations OVERARCHING CONCLUSIONS Several overarching conclusions emerged as the Committee on As- sessing Integrity in Research Environments addressed the need of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) to develop means for assessing and tracking the state of integrity in the research environment: • Attention to issues of integrity in scientific research is very impor- tant to the public, scientists, the institutions in which they work, and the scientific enterprise itself. • No established measures for assessing integrity in the research environment exist. • Promulgation of and adherence to policies and procedures are nec- essary, but they are not sufficient means to ensure the responsible con- duct of research. • There is a lack of evidence to definitively support any one way to approach the problem of promoting and evaluating research integrity. • Education in the responsible conduct of research is critical, but if not done appropriately and in a creative way, education is likely to be of only modest help and may be ineffective. • Institutional self-assessment is one promising approach to assess- ing and continually improving integrity in research. 124 

CONCLUDING REMARKS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 125 RESEARCH AGENDA The committee found that existing data are insufficient to enable it to draw definitive conclusions as to which elements of the research environ- ment promote integrity. The elements discussed in Chapter 2 appear to be associated with integrity in research, but the specific contribution of each element remains poorly defined. Empirical studies evaluating the ethical climate before and after implementation of specific policies or practices are lacking; as a consequence, the decision to implement particular pro- grams is often based on anecdotal evidence. True misconduct is rare, and statistics on misconduct are approximate. Thus, looking for a decrease in rates of misconduct is not a viable way to assess the effectiveness of measures implemented to foster integrity in research. In addition, al- though it is relatively easy to catalog lists of policies and procedures, it is much less straightforward to measure performance and outcomes in the research environment. Because of the limited empirical data on factors influencing respon- sible conduct in the scientific environment, the committee drew on more general theory (e.g., theories of organizational behavior, ethical decision making, and adult learning) to formulate the suggestions presented in this report. The findings and conclusions are based on the committee’s collective knowledge and experience after its review of the available lit- erature in the science and business arenas as well as its discussions with experts who presented talks at the committee’s open meetings. On the basis of the available information, the committee has described practices that promote the responsible conduct of research (Chapter 2) and has presented a theoretical model (Chapter 3) that contains many of the key components of the research environment and their interactivity. However, this is relatively new territory that needs to be examined with greater precision. Generating specific empirical data on integrity in scien- tific research is essential to help institutions determine the effectiveness of their efforts to foster a research climate that promotes integrity. Such data will also aid them in the development of better programs and policies in the future. The request for applications issued by the Office of Research Integrity (ORI) of DHHS on May 2, 2001 (Research on Research Integrity. RFA-NS- 02-005), is an important first step toward this goal, as it highlights a vari- ety of potentially productive research topics, as does the ORI website (http://www.ori.dhhs.gov/html/programs/potentialrestopics.asp). The committee believes these topics are best studied in the context of the model presented in Figures 3-1 and 3-2. In addition to the important research questions identified by ORI in its program announcements, the committee identified additional topics that warrant further study. 

126 INTEGRITY IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH Methods and Measures Gaining the methodological expertise needed to carry out research on the relationship between the research environment and integrity in re- search will require the development and validation of measures, particu- larly indicators that are observable and quantifiable within the research environment. For example, existing means of conceptualization and mea- surement of the organizational climate will have to be adapted to the specific context of the assessment of the ethical climate within the re- search environment. Furthermore, to measure the outcomes of efforts related to fostering integrity in the research environment, either new instruments must be designed and validated, or existing outcomes and measures (see Appen- dix B for examples) must be modified and validated in the specific context of the assessment of the ethical climate within the research environment. This development of reliable and valid measures can take considerable time and effort, but it is a necessary first step in a research process leading to a better understanding of the relationship between the research envi- ronment and integrity in research. Note that two distinct types of mea- sures should be considered: measures that assess the integrity of the insti- tution with respect to the conduct of research and measures that assess aspects of the integrity of the individual (see Chapter 2 and Appendix B). Existing methods and measures, examples of which are described in Appendix B, provide models that could be adopted or adapted to evalu- ate the factors of culture and climate that promote integrity in research. Similarly, Appendix B also provides examples of measures that have suc- cessfully been used to assess learning outcomes in professional ethics programs. Elements of the Research Environment Research is needed to fully understand the roles of the various ele- ments of the environment that foster the responsible conduct of research. Questions to be considered include the following: Organizational structure In what ways do variations in organizational structure (e.g., the size of an institution, the importance of research within the institution, institu- tional review board composition and procedures, and reward systems) affect the ethical and moral climate and the responsible conduct of re- search? 

CONCLUDING REMARKS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 127 Physical structure Does the physical structure and layout of the research space, or how the space is allocated, affect the ethical and moral climate and the respon- sible conduct of research? For example, what are the effects of open spaces versus closed spaces for conducting research? What are the effects of various groupings of people within these spaces? Funding What is the relationship between the availability of and competition for funding and the responsible conduct of research? Incentives and rewards How do existing incentive and reward systems within and outside universities affect the responsible conduct of research? What, if any, as- pects of these systems are counterproductive in fostering integrity in re- search? Collaboration How is integrity in research affected by collaborations within and across institutions? Effectiveness of codes of conduct and honor codes Do honor codes and professional codes of conduct foster integrity in research? If so, under what conditions do they have an impact? RECOMMENDATIONS To facilitate the assessment and promotion of integrity in the research environment, the committee makes several recommendations, which are presented in the sections that follow. In combination, these recommenda- tions are aimed at efforts to foster integrity in research at the individual and institutional levels and to ensure continuous institutional self-assess- ment and quality improvement. Future Research RECOMMENDATION 1: Funding agencies should establish re- 

128 INTEGRITY IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH search grant programs to identify, measure, and assess those factors that influence integrity in research. • The Office of Research Integrity should broaden its current sup- port for research to fund studies that explore new approaches to monitor- ing and evaluating the integrity of the research environment. • Federal agencies and foundations that fund extramural research should include in their funding portfolios support for research designed to assess the factors that promote integrity in research across different disciplines and institutions. • Federal agencies and foundations should fund research designed to assess the relationship between various elements of the research envi- ronment and integrity in research; similarities and differences across dis- ciplines and institutions should be determined. As discussed earlier in this chapter, further research in needed to (1) develop and validate assessment methods and measures and (2) fully understand the roles of the various elements of the research environment in the responsible conduct of research. The results of such research will allow for more effective implementation of the following recommenda- tions. Institutional Commitment to Integrity RECOMMENDATION 2: Each research institution should de- velop and implement a comprehensive program designed to pro- mote integrity in research, using multiple approaches adapted to the specific environments within each institution. • It is incumbent upon institutions to take a more active role in the development and maintenance of climate and culture within their re- search environments that promote and support the responsible conduct of research. • The factors within the research environment that institutions should consider in the development and maintenance of such a culture and climate include, but are not limited to, supportive leadership, appro- priate policies and procedures, effective educational programs, and evalu- ation of any efforts devoted to fostering integrity in research. • Federal research agencies and private foundations should work with educational institutions to develop funding mechanisms to provide support for programs that promote the responsible conduct of research. Integrity in research is critical to the progress and acceptance of sci- 

CONCLUDING REMARKS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 129 ence. Although a high level of integrity generally characterizes the re- search community today, lapses in integrity do occur, and some are de- structive. It is in the interest of the entire research community that there be sustained, systematic, and explicit efforts to ensure integrity in re- search. It is important that all institutions have a clear organizational structure and an unambiguous designation of who has the authority and responsibility for research integrity. Institutional leaders should set the tone for their institutions with their own actions. Senior researchers should set an example, not only in their own research practices but also in their willingness to engage in dialogue about ethical questions that arise. Be- cause of the ever-changing nature of science, the research community needs to continuously adapt and improve upon its traditions of respon- sible behavior, communication, education, and policies with regard to integrity in research. Federal research agencies and private foundations are appropriate sponsors of grant programs to support research into the development of programs to promote integrity in research and the assessment of the effec- tiveness of such approaches. In addition to funding the process of devel- opment and validation of programs, financial resources are needed for the ongoing implementation of the programs themselves. In principle, costs associated with federally sponsored research could be supported through the indirect costs associated with federal research grants and contracts. However, administrative costs on grants and contracts to edu- cational institutions (but not to other research entities) have been capped, and universities alone now bear the additional costs associated with the development or enhancement of programs that promote or evaluate in- tegrity in research. Education RECOMMENDATION 3: Institutions should implement effective educational programs that enhance the responsible conduct of re- search. • Educational programs should be built around the development of abilities that give rise to the responsible conduct of research. • The design of programs should be guided by basic principles of adult learning. • Integrity in research should be developed within the context of other relevant aspects of an overall research education program, and instruction in the responsible conduct of research should be pro- vided by faculty who are actively engaged in research related to that of the trainees. 

130 INTEGRITY IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH Given the large variation in the human contribution to the research organization, the committee believes that it is particularly important for institutions to create an environment in which scientists are able to gain an awareness of the responsible conduct of research as it is defined within today’s culture. They need to understand the importance of these stan- dards and expectations, acquire the capacity to resolve ethical dilemmas, and recognize and be able to address conflicting standards of research conduct (see Chapter 5). For lasting change in ethical climate to occur, changes in an institution’s curriculum content alone are not sufficient. Attention also needs to focus on how education in the responsible con- duct of research is conducted. The processes that give rise to the responsible conduct of research include the ability to (1) identify the ethical dimensions of situations that arise in the research setting and the laws, regulations, and guidelines that govern one’s field (ethical sensitivity); (2) develop defensible rationales for a choice of action (ethical reasoning); (3) integrate the values of one’s professional discipline with one’s own personal values (identity forma- tion) and appropriately prioritize professional values over personal ones (moral motivation and commitment); and (4) perform with integrity the complex tasks (e.g., communicate ideas and results, obtain funding, teach, and supervise) that are essential to one’s career (survival skills). Education in the responsible conduct of research should (1) be pro- vided within the context of the overall educational program, including as part of mentor-student interactions, the core discipline-specific curricu- lum, and explicit education in professional skills; (2) take place over an extended period of time—preferably the entire educational program— and include review, practice, and assessment; and (3) involve active learn- ing, including interactions among the instructors and the trainees. Educational efforts related to the responsible conduct of research should be designed to reach all those involved in scientific research at all levels. Without formal training for existing senior researchers and an in- structional program for new researchers, an institution will not be able to develop a consistent message to trainees and students. Institutional Self-Assessment RECOMMENDATION 4: Research institutions should evaluate and enhance the integrity of their research environments using a process of self-assessment and external peer review, in an ongoing process that provides input for continuous quality improvement. • The importance of external peer review of the institution cannot be overemphasized. Such a process will help to ensure the credibility of the 

CONCLUDING REMARKS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 131 review, provide suggestions for improvement of the process, and increase public confidence in the research enterprise. • Effective self-assessment will require the development and valida- tion of evaluation instruments and measures. • Assessment of integrity and the factors associated with it (includ- ing educational efforts) should occur at all levels within the institution— for example, at the institutional level, the research unit level, and the individual level. At the individual level, assessment of integrity should be an integral part of regular performance appraisals. • As with any new program, a phase-in or pilot testing period is to be expected, and the assessment and accreditation process should be con- tinually modified as needed based on results of these early actions. RECOMMENDATION 5: Institutional self-assessment of integ- rity in research should be part of existing accreditation processes whenever possible. • Accreditation provides established procedures, including external peer review, that can be modified to incorporate assessments of efforts related to integrity in research within an institution. • Entities that currently accredit educational programs at institu- tions where research is conducted would be the bodies to also review the process and the outcome data from the institution’s self-assessment of its climate for promotion of integrity in research. These entities include the six regional organizations that accredit institutions of higher education in the United States, as well as the organizations that accredit professional schools or professional educational programs. • Federal research agencies and private foundations should support efforts to integrate self-assessment of the research environment into exist- ing accreditation processes, and they also should fund research into the effectiveness of such efforts. Accrediting bodies rely heavily on the process of institutional self- assessment when reviewing an educational institution (Chapter 6). Insti- tutions critically evaluate their strengths and weaknesses and strive for continuous quality improvement. The committee believes that the research mission should be consid- ered as a whole, and that evaluation of institutional culture for promotion of integrity in research should be an important component of the overall process of accreditation of educational institutions that conduct scientific research. Thus, it seems reasonable that entities charged with accrediting the quality of education at institutions of higher learning that conduct scientific research should be charged with reviewing the process and the 

132 INTEGRITY IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH outcome data from the institution’s self-assessment of its climate for pro- motion of integrity in research. In institutions where accreditation is not available (e.g., freestanding research institutes) or where this additional mandate cannot be incorpo- rated into existing institutional processes of accreditation, other ap- proaches to ensuring external validation should be explored. RECOMMENDATION 6: ORI should establish and maintain a public database of institutions that are actively pursuing or em- ploying institutional self-assessment and external peer-review of integrity in research. • This database should initially include institutions that receive fund- ing for, or are actively engaged in, the development and validation of self- assessment instruments. A publicly available informational database of ongoing efforts in in- stitutional self-assessment and peer review could serve two purposes. First, the database could serve as a resource for other institutions seeking to develop their own programs, and second, it could serve as an account- ability instrument, enabling the public to see which institutions are re- ceiving public funding to develop such programs. ORI, as the federal entity formally charged with developing and implementing activities to promote research integrity as well as being one of the federal agencies that will fund research in this area, is the appropriate locus for this task. ORI would also be a centralized location of the information, which would be preferable to developing multiple databases scattered throughout the professional societies of different disciplines. CONCLUSION Integrity in research is essential for maintaining scientific excellence and keeping the public’s trust. Research institutions bear the primary burden of promoting and monitoring the responsible conduct of research. They must consistently and effectively provide members of research teams with the resources they need to conduct research responsibly. These re- sources include leadership and example, training and education, and poli- cies and procedures, as well as tools and support systems. What is ex- pected of individuals should be unambiguous, the consequences of one’s conduct should be clear, and anyone needing assistance should have ready access to knowledgeable leaders. Individuals should be able to seek assistance without fear of retribution. Research institutions, accrediting agencies, and public and private organizations that fund research should collaborate to establish and ensure the integrity of the scientific research enterprise. 

Appendixes 

"Most people say that it is the intellect which makes a great scientist. They are wrong: it is character."—Albert Einstein

Integrity in Scientific Research attempts to define and describe those elements that encourage individuals involved with scientific research to act with integrity.

Recognizing the inconsistency of human behavior, it stresses the important role that research institutions play in providing an integrity—rich environment, citing the need for institutions to provide staff with training and education, policies and procedures, and tools and support systems. It identifies practices that characterize integrity in such areas as peer review and research on human subjects and weighs the strengths and limitations of self—evaluation efforts by these institutions. In addition, it details an approach to promoting integrity during the education of researchers, including how to develop an effective curriculum. Providing a framework for research and educational institutions, this important book will be essential for anyone concerned about ethics in the scientific community.

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